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WLA-9000AP
108Mbps 802.11a/b/g
Dual Radio Access Point
User’s Manual
Copyright and Disclaimer
Copyright & Disclaimer
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, whether
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or recording without the written consent of OvisLink
Corp.
OvisLink Corp. has made the best effort to ensure the accuracy of the information in this
user’s guide. However, we are not liable for the inaccuracies or errors in this guide.
Please use with caution. All information is subject to change without notice
All Trademarks are properties of their respective holders.
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AirLive WLA-9000AP User’s Manual
Table of Contents
Regulatory Information
Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital
device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This
equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and
used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a
particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user
is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following measures:
-
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
-
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
-
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the
receiver is connected.
-
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
FCC Caution: To assure continued compliance, (example - use only shielded interface
cables when connecting to computer or peripheral devices) any changes or modifications
not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s
authority to operate this equipment. This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful
interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation.
For product available in the USA/Canada market, only channel 1~11 can be operated.
Selection of other channels is not possible.
IMPORTANT NOTE
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement:
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled
environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance
20cm between the radiator & your body.
This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna
or transmitter.
FCC NOTICE: To comply with FCC part 15 rules in the United States, the system must be
professionally installed to ensure compliance with the Part 15 certification. It is the
responsibility of the operator and professional installer to ensure that only certified systems
are deployed in the United States. The use of the system in any other combination (such as
co-located antennas transmitting the same information) is expressly forbidden.
AirLive WLA-9000AP User’s Manual
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ................................................................................................1
1.1 Overview ..............................................................................................1
1.2 How to Use This Guide ........................................................................1
1.3 Firmware Upgrade and Tech Support ..................................................2
1.4 Feature ................................................................................................3
1.5 Wireless Operation Modes...................................................................4
2. Installing the WLA-9000AP........................................................................6
2.2 Before You Start ...................................................................................6
2.3 Installing WLA-9000AP ........................................................................6
2.4 Knowing Your WLA-9000AP ................................................................7
2.5 Configuration steps ..............................................................................8
2.5.1 Set up a wired connection with Ethernet cable ............................................9
2.5.2 Set up a wireless client as a fixed IP client ................................................10
3. Configuring the WLA-9000AP .................................................................11
3.1 Important Information.........................................................................11
3.2 Prepare Your PC ................................................................................12
3.3 Management Interface .......................................................................12
Web Management (HTTP):.................................................................................12
Secured Web Management (HTTPS): ................................................................13
Command Line Interface (Telnet): ......................................................................14
Secure Shell (SSH, SSH2) .................................................................................14
SNMP Management ...........................................................................................17
3.4 Introduction to Web Management......................................................17
3.4.1 Getting into Web Management ..................................................................17
3.4.2 Welcome Screen and Login.......................................................................19
3.5 Initial Configuration ............................................................................22
3.5.1 Choose the wireless Operation Modes ......................................................22
3.5.2 Change the Device’s IP Address ...............................................................23
3.5.3 Change the Country Code .........................................................................24
3.5.4 Set the Time and Date ...............................................................................25
3.5.5 Change System Management ...................................................................26
3.5.6 Change Password .....................................................................................27
4. Web Management: Wireless and WAN Settings ...................................28
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Table of Contents
4.1 About WLA-9000AP Menu Structure..................................................28
4.2 Operation Modes (Wireless and WAN Settings) ................................29
4.2.1 Network SSID ............................................................................................32
4.2.2 Site Survey ................................................................................................32
4.2.3 Signal Survey ............................................................................................33
4.2.4 Radio Mode (11a, SuperA, TurboA)...........................................................34
4.2.5 Channel .....................................................................................................34
4.2.6 Security Settings........................................................................................35
4.2.7 Advance Settings.......................................................................................40
4.2.7.1 Beacon Interval ...................................................................................41
4.2.7.2 RTS Threshold ....................................................................................41
4.2.7.3 Fragmentation .....................................................................................42
4.2.7.4 DTIM Interval ......................................................................................42
4.2.7.5 User Limitation ....................................................................................42
4.2.7.6 Age Out Timer .....................................................................................42
4.2.7.7 Transmit Power ...................................................................................42
4.2.7.8 Rate Control........................................................................................43
4.2.7.9 Ack TimeOut........................................................................................43
4.2.7.10 Enable 802.11d Global Roaming.......................................................45
4.2.8 Access Control (ACL) ................................................................................45
4.2.9 Multiple SSID.............................................................................................47
4.2.10 QoS Setting .............................................................................................52
4.2.11 Enable Radio eXtended Range ...............................................................55
4.2.12 Enable Wireless Client Isolation ..............................................................56
4.2.13 Bandwidth Control ...................................................................................56
4.3 Access Point Settings ........................................................................60
4.4 WDS Settings ....................................................................................61
4.5 Client Settings....................................................................................64
4.6 Gateway (AP Router) Settings...........................................................66
4.6.1 WAN Port Settings.....................................................................................68
4.6.2 DHCP Server Settings ...............................................................................69
4.6.3 Multiple DMZ .............................................................................................70
4.6.4 Virtual Server Settings ...............................................................................71
4.6.5 Special Applications...................................................................................72
4.6.6 IP Filtering Settings....................................................................................73
4.6.7 IP Routing Settings ....................................................................................75
4.6.8 Dynamic DNS Settings ..............................................................................76
4.6.9 Remote Management Settings ..................................................................76
4.7 WISP Settings....................................................................................77
5. Web Management 2: System Configuration and Status.......................80
5.1 System Configuration.........................................................................80
5.1.1 Device IP Settings .....................................................................................81
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Table of Contents
5.1.2 Time Settings.............................................................................................82
5.1.3 Password Settings .....................................................................................82
5.1.4 System Management.................................................................................83
5.1.5 SNMP Settings ..........................................................................................85
5.1.6 Ping Watchdog ..........................................................................................86
5.1.7 Firmware Upgrade .....................................................................................87
5.1.8 Configuration Save and Restore................................................................88
5.1.9 Factory Default ..........................................................................................89
5.1.10 Reboot System ........................................................................................90
5.1.1 WLA-9000AP Emergency Recovery..........................................................91
5.2 Device Status .....................................................................................92
5.2.1 Device Information.....................................................................................92
5.2.2 Wireless Information ..................................................................................93
5.2.3 LAN Information.........................................................................................93
5.2.4 System Log................................................................................................93
5.2.5 Wireless Client Table .................................................................................94
6. Command Line Interface .........................................................................95
6.1 System Commands............................................................................96
6.2 Debugging Commands ......................................................................98
6.3 Show Commands...............................................................................99
6.4 Set Commands ................................................................................106
6.5 Enable/Disable Commands .............................................................116
6.6 Add/Delete Commands ....................................................................117
7. Application Example: Dual AP Mode ...................................................123
8. Application Example: Duplex Mode .....................................................125
9. Application Example: Dual WDS Bridge Mode....................................127
10. Application Example: Separate Bridge Mode....................................129
11. Application Example: AP + Client / Client + AP Mode ......................131
12. Application Example: AP + WDS Bridge / WDS Bridge + AP Mode 133
13. Application Example: WDS + Gateway / Gateway + WDS ................135
14. Application Example: AP + Gateway / Gateway + AP.......................138
15. Application Example: AP + WISP / WISP + AP ..................................141
16. Specifications.......................................................................................147
17. Wireless Network Glossary.................................................................150
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AirLive WLA-9000AP User’s Manual
1. Introduction
1
1. Introduction
1.1 Overview
The WLA-9000AP is a wireless access-point based on IEEE 802.11a/g 5-GHz and 2.4-GHz
radio technologies. It contains an 802.11a/g wireless interface and one half/full-duplex
10/100 LAN interface WLA-9000AP, with the new 2.0 firmware, features a total of 6
wireless modes: Access Point, Repeater, WDS Bridge, Client Infrastructure, Client Ad
Hoc and WISP Router.
Since the 802.11g shares the same 2.4GHz radio band with the 802.11b technology, it can
interoperate with existing 802.11b (up to 11Mbps) devices. Therefore, you can reserve your
existing investment in 802.11b client cards, and migrate to the high-speed 802.11g
standard as your needs grow.
To address growing security concerns in a wireless LAN environment, different levels of
security can be enabled in WLA-9000AP:
„
To disable SSID broadcast to restrict association to only those client stations that are
already pre-configured with the correct SSID
„
To enable WEP (Wireless Encryption Protocol) 64, 128, or 152-bit encryption to protect
the privacy of your data.
„
Support of Access List Control to allow you to grant/deny access to/from specified
wireless stations
„
Provisioning of centralized authentication through RADIUS Server.
„
WPA-PSK (Wi-Fi Protected Access, Pre-Shared Key) for home users to provide
authentication, data integrity, and data privacy.
WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) works with a RADIUS server to provide stronger
authentication as well as data integrity and privacy.
1.2 How to Use This Guide
WLA-9000AP is an advanced wireless Base Station with many functions. It is
recommended that you read through the entire user’s guide whenever possible. The user
guide is divided into different chapters. You should read at least go through the first 3
chapters before attempting to install the device.
Recommended Reading
Chapter 1: This chapter explains the basic information for WLA-9000AP. It is a must
read.
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AirLive WLA-9000AP User’s Manual
1. Introduction
Chapter 2: This chapter is about hardware installation. You should read through the
entire chapter.
Chapter 3:
„
3.1 Important Information: This section has information of default setting
such as IP, Username, and Password.
„
3.3 Management Interface: This section introduces Web management, and
Console management.
„
3.4 Introduction to Web Management: This section tells you how to get into
the WebUI using HTTP.
„
3.5 Initial Configuration: This section guide you through the essential initial
configurations such as choosing operation mode, set device IP, password,
and change frequency domain.
Chapter 4: This chapter explains Wireless and WAN settings via Web management.
Chapter 5: This chapter explains System Configuration via Web management and
System Status.
Chapter 6: This chapter explains all of the management functions via CLI.
If any trouble in using WLA-9000AP, you can refer to this chapter
Chapter 7~15: Each chapter explains how to configure one Wireless mode for your
application.
Chapter 16: If you have a question about WLA-9000AP that is not found on other part of
this manual, you might find your answer here.
Chapter 17: This chapter explains technical specification of WLA-9000AP.
Chapter 18: Explanation on network technical terms from A to Z. Highly recommended
for reference when you encounter an unfamiliar term.
1.3 Firmware Upgrade and Tech Support
If you encounter a technical issue that can not be resolved by information on this guide, we
recommend that you visit our comprehensive website support at www.airlive.com. The
tech support FAQ are frequently updated with latest information.
In addition, you might find new firmwares that either increase software functions or provide
bug fixes for WLA-9000AP. You can reach our on-line support center at the following link:
http://www.airlive.com/support/support_2.jsp
Since 2009, AirLive has added the “Newsletter Instant Support System” on our website.
AirLive Newsletter subscribers receives instant email notifications when there are new
download or tech support FAQ updates for their subscribed AirLive models. To become
an AirLive newsletter member, please visit: http://www.airlive.com/member/member_3.jsp
AirLive WLA-9000AP User’s Manual
2
1. Introduction
1.4 Feature
„
Compliant with 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g, Super A™ and Super G™ standards
with roaming capability.
„
Dual Wireless interfaces support multi-function modes: Dual Access Point, Dual WDS
Bridge, AP + Client Infrastructure, AP + WDS mode.
„
Static assignment or DHCP client to set the device IP address.
„
Multiple security measures: SSID hiding, Access Control List, WEP based encryption
(64, 128, 152 bits), enhanced Security with 802.1x using a primary and a backup
RADIUS Server with/without dynamic WEP keys, WPA-PSK, WPA, and WPA2.
„
Extensive monitoring capability such as event logging, traffic/error statistics monitoring.
„
Easy configuration and monitoring through the use of a Web-browser based GUI with
predefined operation mode. SNMP commands from a remote SNMP management
station and UPnP for users to automatically discover the device.
„
Setup Wizard for easy configuration/installation.
„
Configuration file download and restore.
„
Firmware upgradeable for flexibility to add extra features.
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AirLive WLA-9000AP User’s Manual
1. Introduction
1.5 Wireless Operation Modes
The WLA-9000AP device provides all 14 modes of wireless operational applications with:
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1. Introduction
5
AirLive WLA-9000AP User’s Manual
2. Installing the WLA-9000AP
2
2. Installing
the
WLA-9000AP
This section describes the hardware features and the hardware installation procedure for
the WLA-9000AP. For software configuration, please go to chapter 3 for more details.
2.2 Before You Start
It is important to read through this section before you install the WLA-9000AP.
„
The WLA-9000AP comes with everything you need to start installation with
exception of the PoE Ethernet Cable. You can use a good quality CAT-5E
outdoor graded Ethernet cable (shielded with anti-UV) according to the length
you need.
„
The use of 5GHz spectrum, Turbo modes, and 5/10MHz channel bandwidth
might be prohibited in some countries. Please consult with your country’s
telecom regulation first.
„
You must set the distance parameter to make long distance connection work.
Please refer to chapter 4 of this user’s guide for details.
2.3 Installing WLA-9000AP
The WLA-9000AP package contains the following items:
z
One WLA-9000AP main unit
z
One 5.5V 2.5A DC power adapter
z
Indoor detachable Omni Antenna x 2
z
One CD of the WLA-9000AP Quick Start Guide
AirLive WLA-9000AP User’s Manual
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2. Installing the WLA-9000AP
2.4 Knowing Your WLA-9000AP
2.4.1 Front side introduction
3
1
2
5
4
6
LED #
Display
Description
1
Power
Solid Green LED while the device is powered on,
either by power adaptor or PoE.
2
WLAN1
3
WLAN2
Solid Green LED while the device is powered on.
Blinking while there is Data transmission, dark when
this interface is turn off.
4
LAN 1
5
LAN 2
6
LAN 3
LAN ports status LED, Solid Green LED shows
when a port is actively connected, blinking while
there is data transmission, turns into dark when this
disconnected.
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2. Installing the WLA-9000AP
2.4.2 Back side introduction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Port #
Display
Description
1
WLAN1
Detachable antenna with R-SMA connector. 2
indoor 2dBi antennas are delivered.
2
Power Adaptor
5.5V 2.5A power supply adaptor delivered with
product.
3
RESET
Reset button for rebooting and reset device as
default factory value.
4
LAN 3/PoE
LAN port 3 and PoE port. It can be plug 802.3af
compliant PoE as power and data supply.
5
LAN 2
LAN port 2
6
LAN 1
LAN port 1
7
WLAN2
Detachable antenna with R-SMA connector.
2.5 Configuration steps
This section describes configuration required for the WLA-9000AP before it can work
properly in your network.
Set up the device
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2. Installing the WLA-9000AP
The WLA-9000AP can be managed remotely by a PC through either the wired or wireless
network. To do this, the WLA-9000AP must first be assigned an IP address, which can be
done using one of the following 2 methods.
WLA-9000AP’s Factory default value IP
The default IP address of the LAN interface of an WLA-9000AP is a private IP address of
192.168.1.1, and a network mask of 255.255.255.0. This means IP addresses of other
devices on the LAN should be in the range of 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.254.
This IP address can be modified to either a different address in this same subnet or to an
address in a different subnet, depending on the existing network settings (if there is any) or
user’s preferences.
First, you need to perform various configuration changes to the WLA-9000AP, including the
SSID, Channel number, the WEP key, …, etc., it is necessary to associate a fixed IP
address with the WLA-9000AP, which is why the WLA-9000AP will be shipped with a
factory default private IP address of 192.168.1.1 (and a network mask of 255.255.255.0).
Therefore, during the system installation time, you need to build an isolated environment
with the WLA-9000AP and a PC, and then perform the following steps.
2.5.1 Set up a wired connection with Ethernet cable
In the case of using a LAN attached PC, the PC must have an Ethernet interface installed
properly, be connected to the WLA-9000AP either directly or through an external LAN
switch, and have TCP/IP installed and configured as fixed IP and same subnet mask scope
as the AP.
Then perform the following steps for either of the cases above. To configure types of
workstations other than Windows 95/98/NT/2000, please consult the manufacturer’s
documentation.
Step 1. From the Win95/98/2000 Start Button, select Settings, then Control Panel. The
Win95/98/2000 Control Panel displays.
Step 2. Double-click on the Network icon.
Manually change the IP address of the PC to become 192.168.1.3. To do this ,
move your mouse and high light the node device (please go to your network
device such as Ethernet card), right click on your mouse. Click Properties, and
check the settings in each of the TCP/IP Properties window. Select fixed IP and
assign the IP as 192.168.1.3 and subnet mask as 255.255.255.0.
Step 3. Once you have modified the PC’s IP as same network scope as the default IP of
WLA-9000AP, you can then open a browser and start to configure the AP by
typing the default IP address into the URL line.
Please note that after you change the IP address of the ACCESS POINT, the PC
client may not be able to reach the ACCESS POINT. This is because they may no
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AirLive WLA-9000AP User’s Manual
2. Installing the WLA-9000AP
longer belong to the same IP network address space.
2.5.2 Set up a wireless client as a fixed IP client
The following will give detailed steps of how to configure a PC or a wireless client to “obtain
IP addresses automatically”.
In the case of using a wireless client, the client must also have an 802.11a/b/g wireless
interface installed properly, be physically within the radio range of the WLA-9000AP, and
have TCP/IP installed and configured as fixed IP and same subnet mask scope as the AP.
Then perform the following steps for either of the cases above. To configure types of
workstations other than Windows 95/98/NT/2000, please consult the manufacturer’s
documentation.
Step 1. From the Win95/98/2000 Start Button, select Settings, then Control Panel. The
Win95/98/2000 Control Panel displays.
Step 2. Double-click on the Network icon.
Step 3. Check your list of Network Components in the Network window Configuration tab.
If TCP/IP has already been installed, go to Step 8. Otherwise, select Add to install
it now.
Step 4. In the new Network Component Type window, select Protocol. In the new Select
Network Protocol window, select Microsoft in the Manufacturers area.
Step 5. In the Network Protocols area of the same window, select TCP/IP, then click OK.
You may need your Win95/98 CD to complete the installation. After TCP/IP
installation is complete, go back to the Network window described in Step 4.
Step 6. Select TCP/IP in the list of Network Components.
Step 7. Click Properties, and check the settings in each of the TCP/IP Properties window.
Manually change the IP address of the PC to become 192.168.1.4 and Subnet
mask as 255.255.255.0.
Step 8. With the WLA-9000AP powered on, reboot the PC/wireless client. After the
PC/wireless client is re-booted, you should be ready to configure the WLA-9000AP.
See Chapter 3.
The procedure required to set a static IP address is not too much different from the
procedure required to set to “obtain IP addresses dynamically” - except that at the end of
step 7, instead of selecting “obtain IP addresses dynamically, you should specify the IP
address explicitly.
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3. Configuring the WLA-9000AP
3
3. Configuring
the
WLA-9000AP
The WLA-9000AP offers many different types of management interface. You can configure
through standard web browser (http), secured web (https), command line (telnet), secured
command shell (SSH, SSH2), and SNMP management. In this chapter, we will explain
WLA-9000AP’s available management interfaces and how to get into them. Then, we will
provide the introduction on Web Management and recommended initial settings.
3.1 Important Information
The following information will help you to get start quickly. However, we recommend you
to read through the entire manual before you start. Please note the password and SSID
are case sensitive.
Settings
Default Value
Wireless1
Wireless2
Device Name
WLA-9000AP
Radio
802.11a
802.11a
SSID
airlive1
airlive2
Channel
36
36 (auto in 802.11b/g)
WEP
Disabled
IP Address
192.168.1.1
Subnet Mask
255.255.255.0
DHCP Server
Disabled. Available and default enabled when each of
the wireless is configured as a gateway.
DHCP IP Range
192.168.1.2 ~ 192.168.1.254
Access Password
airlive
Note: Before you starting hardware connection, you are advised to find an appropriate
location to place the Access Point. Usually, the best place for the Access Point is at the
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AirLive WLA-9000AP User’s Manual
3. Configuring the WLA-9000AP
center of your wireless network, with line of straight to all your wireless stations. Also,
remember to adjust the antenna; usually the higher the antenna is placed; the better will be
the performance.
3.2 Prepare Your PC
The WLA-9000AP can be managed remotely by a PC through either the wired or wireless
network. The default IP address of the WLA-9000AP is 192.168.1.1 with a subnet mask of
255.255.255.0. This means the IP address of the PC should be in the range of
192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.254.
To prepare your PC for management with the WLA-9000AP, please do the following:
1.
Connect your PC directly to the LAN port on the DC Injector of WLA-9000AP
2.
Set your PC’s IP address manually to 192.168.1.100 (or other address in the same
subnet)
You are ready now to configure the WLA-9000AP using your PC.
3.3 Management Interface
The WLA-9000AP can be configured using one the management interfaces below:
Web Management (HTTP): You can manage your WLA-9000AP by simply typing its
IP address in the web browser. Most functions of WLA-9000AP can be accessed by
web management interface.
We recommend using this interface for initial
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3. Configuring the WLA-9000AP
configurations. To begin, simply enter WLA-9000AP’s IP address (default is
192.168.1.1) on the web browser. The default password is both “airlive”.
Secured Web Management (HTTPS): HTTPS is also using web browser for
configuration. But all the data transactions are securely encrypted using SSL
encryption. Therefore, it is a safe and easy way to manage your WLA-9000AP. We
highly recommend WISP and service provider to use HTTPS for management.
To begin, simply enter https://192.168.1.1 on your web browser. A security alert
screen from your browser will pop up. Please click “Continue to this website” to login
WLA-9000AP.
After you pass the security warning screen, you will enter the secured web
management interface. The default password is “airlive”. Please ignore the
“Certificate Error” warning icon, it just notice you that you are in an un-certificated site,
you still can configure the WLA-9000AP without limitation.
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AirLive WLA-9000AP User’s Manual
3. Configuring the WLA-9000AP
For more information about Web Management and HTTPS, please make sure to
read through “Introduction to Web Management” in this chapter, Chapter 4,
and Chapter 5
Command Line Interface (Telnet): WLA-9000AP can be managed through the
command line interface (CLI). It is possible to write a text script file, and then paste
it into the CLI to execute several commands at once. However, Telnet does not
encrypt its message. Therefore, it is not secure. The default Telnet management
port is TCP port 23.
To use the CLI, please open the command line window.
192.168.1.1” to start.
Then type “telnet
When asked for password, please enter “airlive”.
To get a list of available command and their usage, please type “help” on the
command prompt.
Secure Shell (SSH, SSH2): SSH is an encrypted Command Line Interface that
allow user to send text commands through SSL encryption. Therefore, it provides
the added advantage of security comparing to Telnet. As with Telnet, the SSH and
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3. Configuring the WLA-9000AP
SSH2 provide the possibility to write a text script and paste into the CLI interface for
multiple command execution. It also makes configuration change across many
WLA-9000APs easier. The default management port for SSH/SSH2 is TCP/UDP
port 22.
To manage via the SSH/SSH2 protocol, you would need a SSH client. Free SSH
clients are widely available on the Internet. You can find where to download them
by using Internet search engine such as Google. In this guide, we will use a
popular SSH/Telnet utility call Putty.
Once you have download and install Putty.
a connection with WLA-9000AP:
Please follow the figure below to make
1. Choose “SSH” as indicated in the diagram
2. Enter the IP address of WLA-9000AP
3. Click on “Open” to start the SSH session.
2
1
When the following screen appear, click on “Yes” to continue
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AirLive WLA-9000AP User’s Manual
3. Configuring the WLA-9000AP
When the following screen appears, enter “root” for login. Then press Enter when
password for root is requested, do not enter any password
When the “Wireless Router Manager Console” appears, please enter “airlive” for
password. This password will change when you change the password.
Now you are ready to enter commands
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3. Configuring the WLA-9000AP
To get a list of available command and their usage, please type “help” on the
command prompt.
For more information about Telnet and SSH configuration, please go to
Chapter 7 Command Line Interface.
SNMP Management: The WLA-9000AP support SNMPv1/v2 management. If
you have SNMP management software, it can manage the WLA-9000AP. The
WLA-9000AP’s SNMP support is as followed:
‰
SNMP v1/v2 support
‰
SNMP Read/Write Community String
‰
SNMP Trap support
‰
MIB and MIB II Support
‰
Ether-like MIB
‰
IEEE802dot11 MIB
‰
Private MIB
3.4 Introduction to Web Management
The WLA-9000AP offers both normal (http) and secured (https) Web Management
interfaces. Their share the same interface and functions, and they can both be accessed
through web browsers. The only difference is HTTPS are encrypted for extra security.
Therefore, we will discuss them together as “Web Management” on this guide.
3.4.1 Getting into Web Management
Normal Web Management (HTTP)
To get into the Normal Web Management, simply type in the WLA-9000AP’s IP address
(default IP is 192.168.1.1) into the web browser’s address field.
Secured Web Management (HTTPS)
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To get into the Secured Web Management, just type “https://192.168.1.1” into the web
browser’s address field. The “192.168.1.1” is WLA-9000AP’s default IP address. If the
IP address is changed, the address entered in the browser should change also.
A security warning screen from your browser will then pop-up depending on the browser
you use. Please follow step below to clear the security screen.
‰
Internet Explorer: Click “Continue to this website” to proceed
‰
Firefox:
1.
Select “or you can add an exception”
1
2.
Click on “Add Exception”
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3. Configuring the WLA-9000AP
2
3.
Click on “Get Certificate”. Then, please enter WLA-9000AP’s IP address.
Finally, please click on “Confirm Security Exception.”
3
4
3.4.2 Welcome Screen and Login
After the procedure above, the Welcome Screen will appear. Welcome Screen gives a
brief introduction of the WLA-9000AP’s main function category. By clicking on the function
category, it will direct you to the corresponding web management menu.
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3. Configuring the WLA-9000AP
„
Wireless Settings: Click on this part will bring you to the wireless operation mode
menu. The WLA-9000AP’s wireless settings are different between wireless
modes. Only functions that are applicable to the wireless mode will show to
simplify configuration. For example, multiple SSID option is only workable for
Access Point and AP Router mode. Therefore, the function will only appear in
these 2 modes. For this reason, the first step to configure the WLA-9000AP is to
select the wireless mode. The router mode specific functions are also in this
menu category. For explanation of different wireless modes, please refer to
Chapter 1.
„
System Configuration: All non-wireless and router mode settings are in this
category. The system configurations including changing password, upload
firmware, backup configuration, settings PING watchdog, and setting management
interface. The default management timeout is 10 minutes; we recommend you
should change password and management timeout during the first time login.
„
Device Status: This section for monitoring the status of WLA-9000AP. It provides
information on device status, Ethernet status, wireless status, wireless client table,
and system log.
„
Help: This is the online help system for quick reference.
to read this user’s guide for more information.
We still recommend you
TIPS: You can choose any menu categories to begin; you can switch to other menu later
When you choose one of the menu categories, the WLA-9000AP will require you to enter
the username and password. Please enter “airlive” (all lower cases) for both username
and password.
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3. Configuring the WLA-9000AP
After you enter the correct password, the following screen will appear corresponding to the
menu category you selected.
System Configuration
Wireless Settings
If you are placing the WLA-9000AP behind router or firewall, you might need to open virtual
server ports to WLA-9000AP on your firewall/router
„ HTTP:
TCP Port 80
„ HTTPS:
TCP/UDP Port 443
This procedure is not necessary in most cases unless there is a router/firewall between
your PC and WLA-9000AP.
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3. Configuring the WLA-9000AP
3.5 Initial Configuration
We recommend users to browse through WLA-9000AP’s web management interface to get
an overall picture of the functions and interface. Below are the recommended initial
configurations for first time login:
3.5.1 Choose the wireless Operation Modes
The wireless settings of WLA-9000AP are dependant on the wireless operation mode you
choose. Therefore, the first step is to choose the operation mode. For explanation on
when to use what operation mode, please refer to Chapter 1
When you click on the “Wireless Settings” on the welcome screen or the “Operation Mode”
on the top menu bar, the following screen will appear.
Click to configure wireless settings
Current Wireless Mode
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3. Configuring the WLA-9000AP
Follow the example below to change to “Client Infrastructure” mode
1.
Select “Duplex” mode.
2.
Click on “change mode” button
3.
The AP will reboot, wait for about one minute
1
2
3.5.2 Change the Device’s IP Address
The default IP address is at 192.168.1.1. You should change it to the same subnet as
your network. Also, if you want to manage WLA-9000AP remotely, you have to set the
Gateway and DNS server information.
To setup the IP settings for WLA-9000AP, please select “System Configuration” -> Device
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3. Configuring the WLA-9000AP
IP Settings”.
After entering the IP information, click on “Apply” to finish.
1
2
3
3.5.3 Change the Country Code
The legal frequency and channels in 5GHz spectrum varies between countries. The
default country code is United Kingdom which should require no changes If you are living
in Europe. If you are living outside EU, you should change the country code accordingly.
In the example below, we will change the country code to United States which enables
the use of 5.8GHz spectrum.
Step 1.
Select “Operation Mode” -> “Setup”
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3. Configuring the WLA-9000AP
Step 2.
From the Regulatory Domain, please select your country
Step 3.
Select the United States from the list.
Step 4.
Click on “Apply” to finish.
3.5.4 Set the Time and Date
It is important that you set the date and time for your WLA-9000AP so that the system log
will record the correct date and time information. Please go to “System Configuration”
->Time Settings. We recommend you choose “Enable NTP” so the time will be keep
even after reboot. If your WLA-9000AP is not connected to Internet, please enter the
time manually. Please remember to select your local time zone and click “Apply” to
finish.
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3. Configuring the WLA-9000AP
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.5.5 Change System Management
It is recommended that you change the system management settings first. Please go to
“System Configuration”-> “System Management”. The default web management time
out is 10 minutes, you can set to longer period if needed. For WISP administrators, you
can consider turning off HTTP and Telnet for security purpose.
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3. Configuring the WLA-9000AP
3.5.6 Change Password
You should change the password for WLA-9000AP at the first login.
please go to “System Configuration” -> “Password Settings” menu.
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4. Web Management: Wireless and WAN Settings
4
4. Web
Management:
Wireless and WAN
Settings
In this chapter, we will explain about the wireless settings and router mode settings in web
management interface. Please be sure to read through Chapter 3’s “Introduction to Web
Management” and “Initial Configurations” first. For system configurations, device status,
and other non-wireless related settings; please go to Chapter 5.
4.1 About WLA-9000AP Menu Structure
The WLA-9000AP’s web management menu is divided into 3 main menus: Operation
Modes, System Configurations, and Device Status. The main menus are displayed in
“Top Menu Bar”. Within each main menu category, there are sub-menu options which are
displayed on the “Side Menu Bar”
TOP Menu Bar: Main Menus
Side Menu Bar: Sub Menus
„
Operation Mode: This menu is where you will find wireless and WAN settings.
The WLA-9000AP’s wireless settings are dependant on the wireless operation
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4. Web Management: Wireless and WAN Settings
mode you choose; only the applicable wireless settings for selected operation
mode are shown. For example; WAN port setting is available only for AP Router
and WISP Router mode, it will only be shown in those modes. To access wireless
settings, click on the “Setup” button within each operation mode. For explanation
on different wireless modes, please refer to Chapter 1. We will talk about
functions in this menu for this chapter.
„
System Configuration: All settings besides Wireless and WAN functions are in
this category. The system configuration including changing password, upload
firmware, backup configuration, settings PING watchdog, and setting management
interface. We will talk about this menu’s function in Chapter 5.
„
Device Status: This section for monitoring the status of WLA-9000AP. It provides
information on device status, Ethernet status, wireless status, wireless client table,
and system log.
„
Logout: Please make sure to Logout after you finish all settings.
4.2 Operation Modes (Wireless and WAN Settings)
The wireless settings of WLA-9000AP are dependant on the wireless operation mode you
choose. Therefore, the first step is to choose the operation mode. For explanation on
when to use what operation mode, please refer to Chapter 1.
When you select “Wireless Settings” in the welcome screen, or click on the “Operation
Mode” on the top menu; the following screen will appear:
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4. Web Management: Wireless and WAN Settings
Configure Wireless and WAN Settings
This tells your current
Operation Mode now
Select one of the
wireless operation
modes here
After you select the new
operation mode, click
here to Change.
„
Mode: The available wireless operation modes for WLA-9000AP. Select one
and click on “Change Mode” button to switch between modes.
„
Setup:
Click here to configure the Wireless and WAN(in router mode) settings.
Once you click on the “Setup” page, the wireless settings will appear.
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4. Web Management: Wireless and WAN Settings
The WLA-9000AP device provides all 14 modes of wireless operational applications with:
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4. Web Management: Wireless and WAN Settings
4.2.1 Network SSID
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Network SSID
The SSID is the network name used to identify a wireless network. The SSID must be the
same for all devices in the same wireless network. In WLA-9000AP; it is possible to
create more than one SSID in AP and AP Router mode, please check the “Multiple SSID &
VLAN” section in this chapter. Conversely, several access points on a network can have
the same SSID. The SSID length is up to 32 characters. The default SSID is “airlive”.
„
Enable Radio 1/2: The default wireless is on.
wireless interface.
You can uncheck this box to disable
„
Disable SSID Broadcasting: If you check this box, the SSID will be hidden; only users
who know the SSID can associate with this network.
4.2.2 Site Survey
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Site Survey
The Site Survey function in WLA-9000AP provides 4 important functions
„
In Client and Bridge Infrastructure mode, site survey will scan for available AP network.
Then allow user to select and connect to the AP. This greatly simplify the installation
„
Once Site Survey displays the available AP or Bridge networks, you can select a
particular SSID to display its RSSI value continuously. This function is called “Signal
Survey”. Signal Survey can be used for antenna alignment. For detail explanation
of about RSSI value, please visit “How to Make Antenna Alignment” Chapter.
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4. Web Management: Wireless and WAN Settings
„
For WDS Bridge mode, the Site Survey will scan for available AP and Bridge networks.
User can then find the MAC address (BSSID) of the remote Bridges.
„
For AP and AP router mode, the Site Survey allows administrator to check what
channels are already occupied for choosing a cleaner channel.
When you click on Site Survey, the following screen will appear. It might take a few minutes
to scan all the channels in the 5GHz spectrum.
Click here to select
SSID for Association
or Signal Survey
To connect with the
selected SSID. This
function is available only
in Client Infrastructure or
Bridge Infrastructure
For antenna
alignment. It will
display and update
RSSI value once a
second.
„
Associate: Please choose a SSID before click on this button. This button is
available only in Client Infrastructure or Bridge Infrastructure modes. Once you click
on this button, WLA-9000AP will attempt to make a connection with the selected
ESSID. If there is encryption needed, the WLA-9000AP will prompt you to enter the
encryption key. Please make sure you enter the correct encryption key, the
WLA-9000AP will not check whether the encryption key is correct.
„
RSSI: RSSI is a value to show the Receiver Sensitivity of the WLA-9000AP. In
general, remote APs with stronger signal will display higher RSSI values. For RSSI
value, the smaller the absolute value is, the stronger the signal. For example,
“-50db” has stronger signal than “-80dB”. For outdoor connection, signal stronger
than -60dB is considered as a good connection.
4.2.3 Signal Survey
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Site Survey -> Signal Survey
The Signal Survey will continuously display the RSSI value of the selected SSID for
antenna alignment purpose. To use Signal Survey function, please enter the “Site
Survey” function first; please refer to the instruction in the above section. Once you select
the ESSID and click on the “Signal Survey” button, the following screen will appear.
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4. Web Management: Wireless and WAN Settings
„
BSSID: This is the remote AP’s MAC address.
„
Channel:
„
Signal Strength: This is the RSSI value. It will refresh itself every second. The
smaller the absolute value of the RSSI, the stronger the signal. For example
-38dbm is stronger than -70dBm.
The current scanned channel
4.2.4 Radio Mode (11a, SuperA, TurboA)
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Radio Mode
WLA-9000AP has 4 different options for WLAN transmission.
network should use the same WLAN mode.
All devices in the same
•
11a mode (normal-A): This is the IEEE standard for WiFi operating in 5GHz
frequency band. 11a is the most stable mode. If you are getting packet loss or
disconnection using Super-A or Turbo-A mode. Please use 11a mode instead.
•
SuperA: Super-A add Bursting, Compression, and Fast Frames to increase the
speed over 11a mode. If you live in countries that prohibit the channel binding
technology (i.e. Europe), you should choose “Super-A” If you need more speed than
11a mode. However, this mode is not as stable as 11a mode.
•
Super-A with Static Turbo: Turbo mode uses channel binding technology to
increase the speed further over Super-A mode. This mode might not be allowed in
countries that prohibit channel binding (i.e. some EU countries). This mode will
always turn on the turbo mode in all conditions
•
Super-A with Dynamic Turbo: Dynamic Turbo mode will be turn on only when
adjacent channel is not used. It is also know as intelligent turbo mode. This mode
might not be allowed in countries that prohibit channel binding (i.e. some EU
countries). In addition, this mode does not work in WDS Bridge mode.
4.2.5 Channel
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Channel
The channel is the frequency range used by radio. In 802.11a standard, each channel
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4. Web Management: Wireless and WAN Settings
occupies 20MHz width. For 2 wireless devices to connect, they must use the same
channel. The number of available legal channels might be different between countries.
For example, Channel 149 to 161 are available only to United States and a few other
countries. If you are living outside EU, please change the country from the “Regulatory
Domain” option in this page. Below is the table list of channels and frequency.
Frequency Domain
5.15 to 5.25GHz
U-NII Low
ETSI Band1
5.25 to 5.35GHz
U-NII Mid
ETSI Band1
5.47 to 5.725GHz
U-NII World Wide
ETSI Band3
Channel
36
40
44
48
52
56
60
64
100
104
108
112
116
120
124
128
132
136
140
Frequency (MHz)
5180
5200
5220
5240
5260
5280
5300
5320
5500
5520
5540
5560
5580
5600
5620
5640
5660
5680
5700
*Super Channel is NOT available in EU countries
4.2.6 Security Settings
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Security Settings
Security settings allow you to use encryption to secure your data from eavesdropping.
You can select different security policy to provide association authentication and/or data
encryption. The WLA-9000AP features various security policies including WEP, 802.1x,
WPA, WPA-PSK, WPA2, WPA2-PSK, WPA-Auto, and WPA-PSK-Auto. Please note not
all security policies are available in all operation modes. For example, only WEP is
available currently in WDS Bridge mode and Client Ad hoc mode. All wireless devices on
the same network must use the same security policy. We recommend using WPA-PSK or
WPA2-PSK whenever possible. For WDS Bridge and Client Ad hoc mode, we
recommend using WEP-152 encryption.
WEP
WEP Encryption is the oldest and most available encryption method.
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4. Web Management: Wireless and WAN Settings
the least secure. Due to the limitation of the chipset, only WEP encryption is available
for WDS Bridge Pure MAC mode and Client Adhoc mode.
„
Select one of the WEP key for wireless network: There are total of 4 possible keys
for WEP encryption. You need to choose which key will be used for encryption. All
wireless devices on the same network have to use the same settings. We
recommend using WEP Key 1 as in default setting.
„
WEP Keys: Please enter the WEP keys used for encryption. You need to fill at least
the “Select WEP Key”. For example; if you choose “Encrypt Data with WEP Key 1” in
the previous field, then it is necessary to fill WEP Key 1. The length of key is
dependant on the Key Length and Key type you choose.
„
Key Length: The WLA-9000AP offers 64bit, 128 bit, and 152 bit for WEP key
length. The longer the Key Length, the more secure the encryption is.
„
Key Type: 2 types are available: ASCII and HEX. ASCII is a string of ASCII
code including alphabetical characters, space, signs and numbers (i.e.
“airlivepass12”). HEX is a string of 16-bit hexadecimal digits (0..9, a, b, c, d, e, f).
All wireless devices on the network must match the exact key length and Key type.
Some Wireless clients only allow HEX type for WEP.
„
ASCII-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 5
ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “passw”
„
HEX-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 10
Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example, “12345abcdef”
„
ASCII-128: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 13
ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “airlivewepkey”
„
HEX-128: This is a key with 128-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 26
Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example,
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“1234567890abcdef1234567890”
„
ASCII-152: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 16
ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “airlivewepkey123”
„
HEX-152: This is a key with 128-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 32
Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example,
“1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef”
802.1x
802.1x allows users to leverage a RADIUS server to do association authentications. You
can also enable dynamic WEP key (128 bit) to have data encryption. You do not have
to enter the WEP key manually because it will be generated automatically and
dynamically.
„
Rekey interval is time period that the system will change the key periodically. The
shorter the interval is, the better the security is.
To Enable RADIUS Server:
„
Server IP: The IP address of the RADIUS server.
„
Port Number: The port number that your RADIUS server uses for authentication.
The default setting is 1812.
„
Shared Secret: This is used by your RADIUS server in the Shared Secret field in
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RADIUS protocol messages. The shared secret configured in the WLA-9000AP
must match the shared secret configured in the RADIUS server. The shared secret
can contain up to 64 alphanumeric characters.
WPA, WPA2, WPA-AUTO
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) introduces the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)
that provides added security. WPA2 adds full support for 802.11i standard and the
CCMP (AES Encryption). The WPA-AUTO tries to authenticate wireless clients using
WPA or WPA2.
All 3 requires a RADIUS server available in order to do authentication
(same as 802.1x), thus there is no shared key required.
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4. Web Management: Wireless and WAN Settings
„
Encryption Type: There are two encryption types TKIP and CCMP (AES). While
CCMP provides better security than TKIP, some wireless client stations may not be
equipped with the hardware to support it. You can select Both to allow TKIP clients
and CCMP clients to connect to the Access Point at the same time.
„
Group Rekey Interval: A group key is used for multicast/broadcast data, and the
re-key interval is time period that the system will change the group key periodically.
The shorter the interval is, the better the security is. The default is 300 sec.
WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK, WPA-PSK-Auto
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) with Pre-Shared Key (PSK) provides better security than
WEP keys. It does not require a RADIUS server in order to provide association
authentication, but you do have to enter a shared key for the authentication purpose.
The encryption key is generated automatically and dynamically. WPA2-PSK adds
CCMP and AES encryption for even better security. WPA-PSK-AUTO tries to
authenticate wireless clients using WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK.
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„
Pre-shared Key: This is an ASCII string with 8 to 63 characters. Please make sure
that both the WLA-9000AP and the wireless client stations use the same key.
„
Encryption Type: There are two encryption types TKIP and CCMP (AES). While
CCMP provides better security than TKIP, some wireless client stations may not be
equipped with the hardware to support it. You can select Both to allow TKIP clients
and CCMP clients to connect to the Access Point at the same time.
„
Group Rekey Interval: A group key is used for multicast/broadcast data, and the
re-key interval is time period that the system will change the group key periodically.
The shorter the interval is, the better the security is. The default is 300 sec.
4.2.7 Advance Settings
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Advance Settings
This page includes all the wireless settings that change the RF behaviors of WLA-9000AP.
It is important to read through this section before attempting to make changes.
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4. Web Management: Wireless and WAN Settings
4.2.7.1 Beacon Interval
The device broadcasts beacon frames regularly to announce its existence. The beacon
Interval specifies how often beacon frames are transmitted in time unit of milliseconds. The
default value is 100, and a valid value should be between 1 and 65,535.
4.2.7.2 RTS Threshold
RTS/CTS frames are used to gain control of the medium for transmission. Any unicast (data
or control) frames larger than specified RTS threshold must be transmitted following the
RTS/CTS handshake exchange mechanism. The RTS threshold should have a value
between 256-2347 bytes, with a default of 2347. It is recommended that this value does not
deviate from the default too much.
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4.2.7.3 Fragmentation
When the size of a unicast frame exceeds the fragmentation threshold, it will be fragmented
before the transmission. It should have a value of 256-2346 bytes, with a default of 2346.
If you experience a high packet error rate, you should slightly decrease the Fragmentation
Threshold.
4.2.7.4 DTIM Interval
The WLA-9000AP buffers packets for stations that operate in the power-saving mode. The
Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM) informs such power-conserving stations that
there are packets waiting to be received by them. The DTIM interval specifies how often the
beacon frame should contain DTIMs. It should have a value between 1 to 255. Default
value is 1.
4.2.7.5 User Limitation
This limitation applies to number of wireless clients the device can associate. If you need
serving wireless connection to large number of users in one location. You can deploy
many APs and limit the number of wireless clients, so any additional wireless connection
attempt will be rejected (therefore, redirect to other AP). The range of user limitation is
from 1 to 100.
4.2.7.6 Age Out Timer
Set the age out timer for the wireless client. If there is no traffic from client for more than
the timer, the wireless client will be dropped. The default is 300 sec. This function is
available only for the Access Point and AP router mode.
4.2.7.7 Transmit Power
You can adjust the transmit output power of the WLA-9000AP’s radio from 10dBm to
24dBm. The higher the output power, the more distance WLA-9000AP can deliver.
However, it is advised that you use just enough output power so it will not create excessive
interference for the environment. Also, using too much power at close distance can create
serious performance drop due to signal distortion.
At less than 200meter distance, the best output power is about 14dBm. At 2km distance;
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4. Web Management: Wireless and WAN Settings
the best output power setting is 18dBm for “11a” and “Super-A without Turbo”, 24dBm for
“Super-A with Static/Dynamic Turbo”.
4.2.7.8 Rate Control
Select here to change the Data Rate for the radio. Lower data rate sometimes provide
longer distance. In most cases, however, we recommend to keep the setting at “Best”.
4.2.7.9 Ack TimeOut
When a packet is sent out from one wireless station to the other, it will waits for an
Acknowledgement frame from the remote station. The station will only wait for a certain
amount of time, this time is called the ACK timeout. If the ACK is NOT received within that
timeout period then the packet will be re-transmitted resulting in reduced throughput. If
the ACK setting is too high, then throughput will be lost due to waiting for the Ack Window to
timeout on lost packets. If the ACK setting is too low then the ACK window will have expired
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and the returning packet will be dropped, greatly lowering throughput. By having the ability
to adjust the ACK setting we can effectively optimize the throughput over long distance
links.
1. Click “ACK calculator” and it will pop up
2. Enter the distance to the remote wireless device here. The WLA-9000AP will then
calculate the appropriate ACK Timeout value automatically
3. Please type ACK Timeout value into column. It is very important that you enter the
correct distance for long distance connection. Failure to do so will result in poor
performance.
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4. Web Management: Wireless and WAN Settings
4.2.7.10
Enable 802.11d Global Roaming
It is a standard for use in countries where systems using other standards in the 802.11
family are not allowed to operate.
4.2.8 Access Control (ACL)
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Access Control
The WLA-9000AP allows you to define a list of MAC addresses that are allowed or denied
to access the wireless network. This function is available only for Access Point and AP
Router modes.
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„
Disable MAC address control list: When selected, no MAC address filtering will
be performed.
„
Enable GRANT address control list: When selected, data traffic from only the
specified devices in the table will be allowed in the network.
„
Enable DENY address control list: When selected, data traffic from the devices
specified in the table will be denied/discarded by the network.
To add a MAC address into the table, enter a Mnemonic Name and the MAC Address,
and then click Add. The table lists all configured MAC Filter entries.
To delete entries, check the corresponding Select boxes and then press Delete Selected.
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4.2.9 Multiple SSID
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Multiple SSID
This function is available only for Access Point and AP Router modes. Multiple SSID
allows WLA-9000AP to create up to 4 different wireless networks (SSID). It is also known
as “Virtual AP” function. Each SSID can have its Encryption type, VLAN Tag, and TOS
settings. In the following diagram, the WLA-9000AP uses Multiple SSID function to create
separate Bridge and Client network. Each has its own encryption policies.
Bridge Network
‰ SSID: BridgeNet
‰ Security: WPA2-PSK
‰ VLAN ID: 200
Client Network
‰ SSID: ClientNet
‰ Security: WPA-PSK
‰ VLAN ID: 100
Configuring the Multiple SSID
When you click on the “Multiple SSID” button, the following screen will appear
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Click here to Apply changes in
“VLAN” and “DiffServe Marking”
This is the default
SSID
Click here to apply changes
on adding or deleting SSID
How to add a SSID
You can add up to 4 SSID in WLA-9000AP. Please follow the procedure below:
1.
Enter the SSID name (i.e. BridgeNet)
2.
Select the Security Policy (i.e. WPA2-PSK)
3.
Enter the Security Key (i.e. BridgeNetKey).
4.
Click on “Apply” to add SSID
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1
2
3
4
How to Modify or Delete a SSID
Please follow the procedure below:
1.
Select the SSID you want to modify or delete
2.
The SSID’s settings will be displayed in the box area.
3.
Click on “Apply” to complete the modification
4.
Or click on “Delete Selected” to delete the SSID
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Modify any settings.
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1
4
2
3
Configure the VLAN and DiffServ Markings
When you check the Enable VLAN for All SSIDs and/or Enable DiffServ Marking, the
following screen will appear:
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Click here to Apply changes
in “VLAN” and “DiffServe
Marking”
Default SSID and
VLAN Group.
„
Enable VLAN for All SSIDs: Once this function is enabled, you can specify an
individual VLAN ID and priority tag for each SSID. The packets from a SSID will
be forwarded to the Ethernet with the corresponding configured VLAN ID written.
You need to click on the top “APPLY” button after making changes.
„
Enable DiffServ Marking: When this function is enabled, you can configure a
DSCP value for each SSID. Then a packet from a station using this SSID will be
forwarded with the DSCP value labeled. You need to click on the top “APPLY”
button after making changes.
„
VLAN ID: Packets going out of this VLAN will be tagged with the VLAN ID.
Packets coming into the AP will be dropped if the VLAN Tag does not match.
The valid range is between 0 to 4095. The VLAN ID “0” is the default VLAN
group.
„
VLAN IP: Each SSID can be given with different VLAN IP group. Please notice
that the management IP in the VLAN will also be changed. For example, if you
define the VLAN IP to be 192.168.2.X subnet, then the WLA-9000AP’s
management IP in the group will change to 192.168.2.1.
„
VLAN IP NetMask: Define your VLAN IP scope here
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„
802.1p Priority: Define your 802.1p priority Tag here. Value from 0 to 7
„
Select DSCP TYPE: Assign the 6-digit DifferServ Code(DSCP) for the packets
in the SSID network for QoS purpose. There are 8 preset values. To assign
your own value, please select “Best Effort”
„
DSCP Value: When you select “Best Effort” DSCP Type, you can enter the
6-dgit DSCP Value here.
„
Select Security Policy: Select the encryption used for this SSID VLAN group.
This policy can be different in each SSID VLAN group. For example, one SSID
can be using WEP, the other policy can use WPA-PSK.
Once you enable the VLAN ID. The incoming packet from
Ethernet port to your VLAN group must carry the same VLAN ID tag
or the packet will be dropped.
4.2.10 QoS Setting
Operation Mode -> Setup -> QoS Setting
Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) is a standard to prioritize traffic for multimedia applications. The
WMM Settings is to specify parameters on multiple data queue for better performance of
differentiated wireless traffic like Voice-over-IP (VoIP), other types of audio, video, and
streaming media as well as traditional IP data over the AP.
WLA-9000AP
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Configure the WMM QoS Parameters
„
AC Type
The queue and associated priorities and parameters for transmission are as follows:
‰
Data 0 (Best Effort, BE): Medium priority queue, medium throughput anddel ay.
Most traditional IP data is sent to this queue.
‰
Data 1 (Background, BK): Lowest priority queue, high throughput. Bulk data
that requires maximum throughput and is not time-sensitive is sent to this queue
(FTP data, for example):
‰
Data 2 (Video, VI): High priority queue, minimum delay. Time-sensitive data
such as Video and other streaming media are automatically sent to this queue.
‰
Data 3 (Voice, VO): Highest priority queue, minimum delay. Time-sensitive
data such as Voice over IP (VoIP) is automatically sent to this queue.
Packets in a higher priority queue will be transmitted before packets in a lower
priority queue.
„
ECWmin and ECWmax
If an access point detects that the medium is in use, it uses the DCF random backoff
timer to determine the amount of time to wait before attempting to access a given
channel again. Each access point waits some random period of time between retries.
The wait time (initially a random value within a range specified as the Minimum
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Contention Window increases exponentially up to a specified limit Maximum
Contention Window.
The random delay avoids most of the collisions that would occur if multiple APs got
access to the medium at the same time and tried to transmit data simultaneously. The
more active users you have on a network, the more significant the performance gains
of the backoff timer will be in reducing the number of collisions and retransmissions.
The random backoff used by the access point is a configurable parameter. To describe
the random delay, a "Minimum Contention Window" (ECWMin) and a "Maximum
Contention Window" (ECWMax) is defined.
‰
‰
ECWmin: The value specified for the Minimum Contention Window is the
upper limit of a range for the initial random backoff wait time. The number used
in the random backoff is initially a random number between 0 and the number
defined for the Minimum Contention Window.
ECWmax:
If the first random backoff time ends before successful
transmission of the data frame, the access point increases a retry counter, and
doubles the value of the random backoff window. The value specified in the
Maximum Contention Window is the upper limit for this doubling of the random
backoff. This doubling continues until either the data frame is sent or the
Maximum Contention Window size is reached.
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WLA-9000AP
„
AIFS
The Arbitration Inter-Frame Spacing (AIFs) specifies a wait time (in milliseconds) for
data frames. 802.11e uses interframe spaces to regulate which frames get access to
available channels and to coordinate wait times for transmission of different types of
data. The AIFs ensures that multiple access points do not try sending data at the same
time but instead wait until a channel is free. Valid values for AIFs are 1 through 255.
„
Transmission Opportunity
The Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) is an interval of time when a WMM client station
has the right to initiate transmissions onto the wireless medium. This value specifies
(in milliseconds) the Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) for client stations; that is, the
interval of time when a WMM client station has the right to initiate transmissions on the
wireless network.
We recommend that you use the default settings on the WMM QoS
page. Changing these values can lead to unexpected blockages of
traffic on your wireless LAN, and the blockages might be difficult to
diagnose.
4.2.11 Enable Radio eXtended Range
XR is Atheros eXtended technology to increase range. When XR is turned on, the radio
can increase the receiver sensitivity greatly. However, performance may be reduced
significantly also. Use this mode only if you can trade more distance for lower
performance.
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4.2.12 Enable Wireless Client Isolation
Select the check box to prohibit data transmission between client stations. This function is
also known as “Privacy Separator”.
4.2.13 Bandwidth Control
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Bandwidth Control
Bandwidth Control can limit the maximum speed of entire wireless interface or individual
device. It is also known as Traffic Shaping. The WLA-9000AP provides both Total
Bandwidth and Per-User Bandwidth Control for both uplink and downlink speed. It
controls the speed of both wireless and wired interface.
To configure, please click on the “Bandwidth Control” button under wireless settings. The
following screen will appear:
Check to
enable
Bandwidth
Control
Settings for Total
Bandwidth Control
After enabling
Bandwidth
Control and
selecting “Total”
or “Per User”
type, click here
to Apply
Select Total
or Per User
control here
Settings for Per-User
Bandwidth Control
„
Enable Bandwidth: Check to enable Bandwidth Control. Uncheck to disable it.
The default value is disabled.
You must select between Total Bandwidth and Per-User Bandwidth.
enabled at the same time.
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„
Total Bandwidth: Total Bandwidth control limit the bandwidth between Wireless and
Ethernet interface. Therefore, it is most suitable for Client Infrastructure Mode, Bridge
Mode, and WISP Router Mode. For WISP operator who use WLA-9000AP as the
client side device; setting the Total Bandwidth control on the WLA-9000AP will easy
the loading on the AP for bandwidth management. To begin, please enable the
Bandwidth Management first. Then enter the downlink and uplink speed; click on
Apply to finish.
‰ Total Downlink Speed:
units.
‰ Total Uplink Speed:
units.
„
Enter speed you wish to limit the download traffic in Kbps
Enter the speed you wish to limit the upload traffic in Kbps
Per User Bandwidth Control: Per user Bandwidth Control can limit speed of
individual PC and network device. The WLA-9000AP allows multiple Per-User
bandwidth rules and can limit the bandwidth by IP address, MAC address, or IP
segment. Please first enable the Bandwidth Control, then select “Per User Bandwidth
Control” to begin. It is recommended to use this type of bandwidth control for Access
Point and AP Router mode.
Per User Control Options
‰
Description:
subscriber
‰
Type:
Enter a description for the bandwidth policy.
For example, “VIP”
WLA-9000AP offers 3 types of Per-User Control
To limit the bandwidth of one single IP address.
„
IP Address:
„
IP Segment: To limit the bandwidth the entire IP segment.
For example; if you enter the address of 192.168.1.20 with subnet mask of
255.255.255.248, the WLA-9000AP will limit bandwidth of IP addresses from
192.168.1.17 to 192.168.1.22. Please use an online IP calculate if you are
not familiar with IP segment calculation. Below is an example link:
http://www.subnet-calculator.com/
Because the Ethernet interface is also controlled by the Bandwidth Manager,
it is recommended that devices on the Ethernet side to use a wider IP subnet
mask that will cover the IP range of the controlled IP segment. Therefore,
the devices on Ethernet interface will not be limited by bandwidth control and
still can communicate with the IP segment. For example, if your IP segment
is set to 192.168.1.20 / 255.255.255.248, then the devices on the Ethernet
side should be 192.168.1.X / 255.255.255.0.
To limit the bandwidth of one single MAC address.
„
MAC address:
„
Port Range: This is available only in WISP router and AP Router mode. It
can limit the bandwidth by application ports.
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„
„
Application: This option is available only in WISP router and AP Router
mode. It can limit the bandwidth of HTTP, FTP, BitTorrent, and eDonkey
traffic.
‰
Downlink Max:
units.
‰
Uplink Max:
Enter the speed you wish to limit the download traffic in kbps
Enter the speed you wish to limit the upload traffic in kbps units
Example 1: Total Bandwidth Control
In this example, the WLA-9000AP is in Client Infrastructure mode connecting to a
remote AP. We want to limit the Bandwidth of the link to 2048Kbps download and
512kbps Upload.
WLA-9000AP
‰
Step 1: From Operation Mode menu, select “Setup” -> “Bandwidth Control”
‰
Step 2 to 5: Enable the Bandwidth Control and select the “Total Bandwidth
Control”. Then enter the “2048” for Total Downlink Speed and “512”kbps for
Total Uplink Speed. Click “Apply” to finish
2
3
4
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4. Web Management: Wireless and WAN Settings
„
Example 2: Per User Bandwidth Control
In this example, the WLA-9000AP is Access Point mode. There is a wireless client
connecting to WLA-9000AP with MAC address of 00:04:6F:11:11:11. We want to
limit the bandwidth of the wireless client to 1024 downstream and 512K upstream
using WLA-9000AP’s Per-User Bandwidth Control.
Step 1. Enable Bandwidth Control and select “Per User Bandwidth Control”
Step 2. Enter Description for this policy (Wireless Client)
Step 3. Select “MAC Address”, then enter the MAC address of the wireless client.
Step 4. Enter the downlink speed as “1024” and uplink speed as “512”.
Step 5. Click on “Add” button to add the bandwidth policy
Step 6. This new policy should appear on the button.
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You can enable/disable it.
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1
2
3
4
5
6
4.3 Access Point Settings
The Access Point mode is the most basic mode of multi-function Access Point. In this mode,
the AP will act as a central hub for different Wireless LAN clients. Some hotspot Access
Points requires 802.1x authenticator function to authenticate a user before providing
internet service.
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Access Point mode included in these operation modes: Dual AP, AP + Client, Client + AP,
AP + WDS Bridge, WDS Bridge + AP, AP + Gateway, Gateway + AP, AP + WISP and WISP
+ AP modes.
Enable Radio: Use this check box to turn on or
turn off the radio.
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Network ID (SSID): This is to change your
SSID.
Disable SSID Broadcasting: Enable the
check box if you want to hide your SSID in
the network. This prevent an un-welcomed
client survey your radio.
Mode:
Connection
modes
on
WLA-9000AP and its wireless client. Note
that the client must support the same
mode as WLA-9000AP to connect.
Channel: 11a supports channel 36 to 64
and channel 100 to 140. 11g depends on
the country, USA/Canada supports
channel 1 to 11, Europe supports channel
1 to 13, Japan supports channel 1 to 13,
France supports channel 10 to 13, and
Span supports channel 10 to 11.
Enable Radio eXtended Range: Check this box to extend the wireless coverage
range, this is provided by Atheros’s eXtended Range (XR) technology.
Enable Client Isolation (Privacy Separator): This is to prohibit data transmission
between each wireless client stations.
Enable 802.11d: This is to prevent network loop applying to the spanning tree
standard.
4.4 WDS Settings
Operation Mode -> Setup -> WDS Settings
In this mode, 2 access points in two remote locations connect to each other to provide a
wireless bridge between 2 remote LANs. It is mostly used by enterprise to connect 2 remote
office’s network together. The bridge modes are connected by using the WDS (Wireless
Distribution System) technology.
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Local Area Network
Local Area Network
In this section, we will talk about the WDS Settings which is available only in WDS Bridge
(Pure MAC) mode. WDS Bridges are using BSSID (AP’s Wireless MAC address) to
authenticate each other. Therefore, it is necessary to know the remote Bridge’s wireless
MAC addresses. You can always do a “Site Survey” to find out the MAC Addresses.
When you click on WDS settings, the following screen will appear:
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This is where you
enter the remote
Bridge’s information.
The SSID must be
different between
each Bridge.
Here are the
encryption key
settings for
WEP. Please
make sure all
bridges in the
WDS network
enter the same
keys.
After you add
a remote
Bridge, it will
be display
here. Up to 4
entries are
possible
‰
WEP Key: You can set up to 4 keys; each key can have different Key Length
and Key type. When you add an entry to the WDS setting and select WEP
encryption, the system will ask you which key to use. All devices on the network
must have the same sets of keys, but each link can have use different key. We
recommend using WEP-152 whenever possible for better security.
‰
Adding a new WDS link
The WDS link are created by entering the remote Bridge’s information. This
process must be repeated on both side of the bridge.
z
Name: This is the name for the WDS Link.
own reference (i.e. WarehouseLink).
z
SSID: SSID is the network ID for the wireless link. If you have more than
one WDS link or if you want to make WDS connection with Mikrotik devices,
this field is required. Each WDS Link must have a different SSID name. If
you only have one WDS link, you can leave this field empty.
z
MAC Address: Please enter the remote bridge’s wireless MAC address in
this field. This wireless SSID can be found on the device label. You can
also use Site Survey function to assist you.
z
Select Security Settings: You can choose to use WEP encryption for better
security. It is necessary to enter the same set of keys in the same WDS
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network. When you select WEP, the WLA-9000AP will ask you to select
from one of the 4 keys. Please be sure to select the same key on both side
of the link.
z
Press Add to finish
4.5 Client Settings
Also known as Ethernet Client. In this mode, the AP will act as a WLAN card to connect with
the remote AP. Users can connect PC or local LAN to the Ethernet port of local LAN to the
Ethernet port of the client mode AP. This mode is mostly used as a CPE device for WISP
subscriber.
Client mode included in these operation modes: AP + Client, Client + AP, AP + WISP, and
WISP + AP.
1. To connect to an access point, use the
“Site Survey” button to find the Access
Point.
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2. The Site Survey pop up window then shows up and lists available access point with
relative information.
Select the access point you want to connect
and then click the “ASSOCIATE” button.
Click here to show the signal strength of
the selected access point.
3. The Signal Survey pop up windows shows as following:
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4. After the access point is selected, its SSID shows automatically in the Network ID (SSID)
field.
4.6 Gateway (AP Router) Settings
Operation Mode -> Setup
In Gateway mode, router functions are added between one Ethernet port and other network
interfaces. Therefore, the ISP subscriber can share the ISP connection without need for
extra router.
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Gateway mode acts both in AP and Router which included in these operation modes: AP +
Gateway and Gateway + AP.
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WAN Port Select: Either the Ethernet port 1 or port 2 can be set to be the WAN port.
4.6.1 WAN Port Settings
Operation Mode -> Setup -> WAN Port Settings
The WLA-9000AP support different authentication and IP assignment standards for the
WAN port. It includes fixed IP, DHCP, PPPoE and PPTP protocols. Please consult with
your ISP about what authentication type is used for the WAN port conection.
„
Clone MAC Address: Some service provider (Cable Modem provider) lock to
certain MAC address. In this situation, the WAN port of WLA-9000AP needs to
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clone the MAC address. Please check the “Clone MAC address” box and enter
the address that need to be cloned.
4.6.2 DHCP Server Settings
Operation Mode -> Setup -> DHCP Server Settings
DHCP Server Settings is to assign private IP address to the devices in your local area
network (LAN). Note that WLA-9000AP keeps the IP address of 192.168.1.1 and act as the
default gateway of the LAN.
You can assign IP address to MAC address; the DHCP server will keep the IP for the MAC
address.
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Change IP
range and IP
Lease Time
here
Manually
assign MAC
address to IP
here
4.6.3 Multiple DMZ
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Multiple DMZ
Multiple DMZ opens all TCP/UDP ports to particular IP address on the LAN side. It allows
setting up servers behind the WLA-9000AP.
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Select a DMZ type and then enter the local DMZ IP address.
A DMZ server is a common term used to describe the default virtual server. If the DMZ
server is selected, Internet traffic not destined for a valid virtual server is redirected to this
privately addressed LAN client. This can be used together with a separate firewall device to
perform additional security functions.
4.6.4 Virtual Server Settings
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Virtual Setting
This allows you to specify one or more applications running on server computers on the
LAN that may be accessed by any Internet user. Internet data destined for the specified
public port will be directed to the specified private port number on the LAN client with the
specified private IP address.
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4.6.5 Special Applications
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Special Applications
Some Internet application such as Instant Messaging or games use groups of ports, and
are not easy to work behind a firewall. To work well with these special applications we will
open ports to let traffic pass through.
Note: You can use up to 3 sets of opened ports for a specific application. The opened ports
can be separated by a comma and no spaces are allowed (e.g. 2300-2305, 4300-4305,
5300-5305).
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4.6.6 IP Filtering Settings
Operation Mode -> Setup ->IP Filtering Settings
IP filtering is simply a mechanism that decides which types of IP datagram will be
processed normally and which will be discarded.
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This allows you to define rules for allowing / denying access from / to the Internet.
Please do set both inbound/outbound in order to get complete connection. Only inbound or
outbound will not allow to get response from the destination IP.
Disable IP filtering: No IP filtering is performed.
Grant IP access: Data traffic satisfying rules below are allowed/forwarded.
Deny IP access: Data traffic satisfying rules below are denied/filtered.
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You can also define IP filtering rule, such as:
Name; IP Protocol; Apply to either Outbound to the Internet or Inbound from the Internet;
Source IP Address and Dest. (Destination) IP Address.
To grant or deny IP address, select ADD or Delete Selected.
4.6.7 IP Routing Settings
Operation Mode -> Setup -> IP Routing Settings
The IP Routing Settings allows you to configure routing feature in the gateway
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„
Dynamic Routing:
Select the routing protocol scheme used for the router’s LAN / WAN port.
„
Static Routing:
This allows you to manually configure static network routes. Static routes will override
routes learned by standard routing protocol discover methods.
„
IP Routing Table:
To delete a static route from the table, select the route and click DELETE SELECTED.
Note: Changes to the routing table will take effect immediately.
4.6.8 Dynamic DNS Settings
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Dynamic DNS Settings
Dynamic DNS (DDNS) allows you to create a hostname that points to your dynamic IP or
static IP address or URL. WLA-9000AP provide Dynamic DNS client using DynDNS, please
visit http://www.dyndns.org for detail.
4.6.9 Remote Management Settings
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Remote Management
Remote Management allows administrator to manage the WLA-9000AP from WAN side.
You can also change the management port and other settings here.
„
HTTP Port No: The default port for HTTP is Port 80, you can change the value here
„
Timeout: The default management timeout is 10 minutes. After timeout, the
WLA-9000AP will ask you to login again. You can change the timeout value here.
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„
HTTP Web Server Access: You can enable or disable HTTP service from WAN side
„
HTTPS Web server Access:
from WAN side
„
Response to WAN ping: You can disable or enable whether WLA-9000AP will
response to PING command.
You can enable or disable HTTPS Web Server Access
4.7 WISP Settings
In WISP mode, the AP will behave just the same as the Client mode for wireless function.
However, router functions are added between the wireless WAN side and the Ethernet LAN
side. Therefore, the WISP subscriber can share the WISP connection without need for
extra router.
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WISP mode acts both in AP and Router which included in these operation modes: AP +
WISP and WISP + AP.
In WISP + AP mode, the Radio 1 is actually a wireless client of the WISP wireless node and
also the gateway of the local area network.
Please refer to Section 4.6 for gateway settings.
To configure the AP mode, Please refer to Section 4.3 Access Point Setting.
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To configure the WDS mode, Please refer to Section 4.5 Client Setting.
To configure the Gateway (Router) mode, Please refer to Section 4.6 Gateway (AP
router) Setting.
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5. Web Management 2: System Configuration and Status
5
5. Web
Management 2:
System Configuration
and Status
In this chapter, we will explain about System Configurations in web management interface.
Please be sure to read through Chapter 3’s “Introduction to Web Management” and “Initial
Configurations” first. .
5.1 System Configuration
When you click on the “System Configuration” menu on the top menu bar, the following
screen will appear. The system configuration includes all non-wireless settings. We will
explain their functions here.
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5.1.1 Device IP Settings
System Configurations>> Device IP Settings
The Device IP Settings screen allows you to configure the IP address and subnet of the
device. Although you can rely on a DHCP server to assign an IP address to the
WLA-9000AP automatically, it is recommended that you configure a static IP address
manually in most applications.
Assign Static IP to the Device
If you choose to assign the IP address manually, enable the checkbox of “Assign static IP
to this device” and then fill in the following fields
„
IP Address and IP Subnet Mask: Default values are 192.168.1.1 and
255.255.255.0 respectively. It is important to note that there are similar addresses
falling in the standard private IP address range and it is an essential security
feature of the device. Because of this private IP address, the device can no longer
be accessed (seen) from the Internet.
„
Gateway IP Address: Enter the IP address of your default gateway.
„
DNS Server: The Domain Name System (DNS) is a server on the Internet that
translates logical names such as “www.yahoo.com” to IP addresses like
66.218.71.80. In order to do this, a query is made by the requesting device to a
DNS server to provide the necessary information. If your system administrator
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requires you to manually enter the DNS Server addresses, you should enter them
here.
„
Click APPLY to go to the next screen.
Use DHCP Client Protocol to Get IP automatically
If you choose to use a DHCP Server to acquire an IP address for the WLA-9000AP
automatically, enable the check box “Use the DHCP client protocol to automatically get the
IP address for this device”. Then click “Next” to go to the next screen. As a reminder, you
might loss the IP address of WLA-9000AP when IP is assigned dynamically.
5.1.2 Time Settings
System Configuration ->Time Settings
It is important that you set the date and time for your WLA-9000AP so that the system log
will record the correct date and time information. We recommend you choose “Enable
NTP” so the time will be keep even after reboot. If your WLA-9000AP is not connected to
Internet, please enter the time manually. Please remember to select your local time zone
and click “Apply” to finish.
5.1.3 Password Settings
System Configuration ->Password Settings
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To change password, please go to “System Configuration” -> “Password Settings” menu.
5.1.4 System Management
System Configuration -> System Management
In this page, administrator can change the management parameters and disable/enable
management interface.
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System Administration
„ HTTP Port No: The default port for HTTP is Port 80, you can change the value
here
„ Timeout: The default management timeout is 10 minutes. After timeout, the
WLA-9000AP will ask you to login again. You can change the timeout value
here.
„ Web Server Access: You can enable or disable HTTP service from WAN side
„ Response to WAN ping: You can disable or enable whether WLA-9000AP will
response to PING command.
UPnP: Click here to enable UPnP. It is recommended not to open UPnP for security
reason.
Syslog: Syslog is an IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force - the Internet standards
body)-conformant standard for logging system events (RFC-3164). When the
WLA-9000AP encounters an error or warning condition (ie., a log-in attempt with an
invalid password), it will create a log in the system log table. To be able to remotely view
such system log events, you need to check the Enable Syslog box and configure the IP
address of a Syslog daemon. When doing so, the WLA-9000AP will send logged events
over network to the daemon for future reviewing.
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Syslog server IP address: System event messages generated by the wireless access
point will be sent to a Syslog daemon running on a server identified by this IP address.
5.1.5 SNMP Settings
System Configuration -> SNMP Settings
This screen allows you to configure SNMP parameters including the system name, the
location and contact information.
„
System Name: A name that you assign to your WLA-9000AP. It is an alphanumeric
string of up to 30 characters.
„
System Location: Enter a system location.
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„
System Contact: Contact information for the system administrator responsible for
managing the WLA-9000AP. It is an alphanumeric string of up to 60 characters.
„
Community String For Read: If you intend the router to be managed from a remote
SNMP management station, you need to configure a read-only “community string” for
read-only operation. The community string is an alphanumeric string of up to 15
characters.
„
Community String For Write: For read-write operation, you need to configure a write
“community string”.
„
Assign a specific name and IP address for your SNMP trap manager:
A trap manager is a remote SNMP management station where special SNMP trap
messages are generated (by the router) and sent to in the network.
You can define trap managers in the system.
You can add a trap manager by entering a name, an IP address, followed by pressing
the ADD button.
You can delete a trap manager by selecting the corresponding entry and press the
DELETE SELECTED button.
To enable a trap manager, check the Enable box in the corresponding entry; to disable
it, un-check the Enable box.
5.1.6 Ping Watchdog
System Configuration -> Ping Watchdog
The Ping Watchdog will ping remote IP addresses to make sure the wireless connection is
active, if not, it can either reconnect or reboot. To prevent the AP from power recycling,
the PING watchdog will start 10 minutes after power up to prevent power recycle problem.
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„
PING Frequency means: "How often the CPE will PING". For example, it will PING
once every "1" minute.
„
Fail Tries means "How many times fails before the CPE will judge the PING failed".
For example "2" means the CPE will reconnect if the PING doesn't respond for 2 times.
When you set the Ping Frequency to every "2" minutes and Fail Tries to "2". It means the
CPE will ping every 2 minutes, after the second failure, it will reconnect.
Actions:
„
Reconnect: the WLA-9000AP will attempt to re-establish the connection.
recommend to use this option for WDS Bridge connection.
„
Reboot:
It is
the WLA-9000AP will do a power recycle.
5.1.7 Firmware Upgrade
System Configuration -> Firmware Upgrade
You can upgrade the firmware of your WLA-9000AP (the software that controls your
WLA-9000AP’s operation). Normally, this is done when a new version of firmware offers
new features that you want, or solves problems that you have encountered with the current
version.
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„
Upgrade Firmware:
To update the WLA-9000AP firmware, first download the firmware from AirLive web
site to your local disk, and then from the above screen enter the path and filename of
the firmware file (or click Browse to locate the firmware file). Next, Click the Upgrade
button to start.
The new firmware will be loaded to your WLA-9000AP. After a message appears
telling you that the operation is completed, you need to reset the system to have the
new firmware take effect.
Do not power off the device while upgrading the firmware.
It is recommended that you do not upgrade your WLA-9000AP unless
the new firmware has new features you need or if it has a fix to a
problem that you’ve encountered.
5.1.8 Configuration Save and Restore
System Configuration -> Configuration Save and Restore
You can save system configuration settings to a file, and later download it back to the
WLA-9000AP by following the steps.
Step 1
Select Configuration Save and Restore from the System Configurations menu.
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Step 2
Enter the path of the configuration file to save-to/restore-from (or click the Browse
button to locate the configuration file). Then click the SAVE TO FILE button to
save the current configuration into the specified file, or click the RESTORE FROM
FILE button to restore the system configuration from the specified file.
5.1.9 Factory Default
System Configuration -> Factory Default
You can reset the configuration of your WLA-9000AP to the factory default settings.
Step 1 Select Factory Default from the System Configuration menu.
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Step 2 Click YES to go ahead and restore the configuration to the factory default.
5.1.10 Reboot System
System Configuration -> Reboot System
You can reboot WLA-9000AP in this page.
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5.1.1 WLA-9000AP Emergency Recovery
This section guides to recover your WLA-9000AP system if the firmware crashed.
1. Download the tftp server to your PC. In the following example, we use tftpd32:
http://tftpd32.jounin.net/tftpd32_download.html.
2. Copy the tftpd32.exe of the downloaded file to C:\.
3. Change the IP address of your PC to 192.168.1.254 / 255.255.255.0
4. Copy the WLA-9000AP firmware to C:\ and rename the firmware to “zImage”. Note that
the name must be zImage and no extension.
5. Connect WLA-9000AP and PC with an Ethernet cable.
6. Run the tftpd32.exe. Note that the IP address must be 192.168.1.254.
The name of firmware must change
to zImage and must be in C:\ (The
same folder as running tftpd.exe)
7. Power on WLA-9000AP, the “Status” LED will light on after 3 seconds.
8. Push the “Reset” button until the “Status” LED off and on again and release the
“Reset” button.
9. If the above process success, the WLA-9000AP LAN LED keep flashing and the tftp
serve shows file download information.
10. It takes around 5 minutes to download firmware and around 5 minutes to update the
firmware.
11. After a successful recovery, the WLA-9000AP boots up automatically.
12. Try access 192.168.1.1, or the IP address you had changed before.
Repeat the processes again if failed.
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5.2 Device Status
When you click on the “Device Status” on the top menu bar, the sub menu for device status
will appear.
5.2.1 Device Information
This page shows the general information about WLA-9000AP such as firmware version,
device IP/MAC, WAN IP/MAC(in router modes), Gateway IP(in router modes), DNS IP…etc.
Below are some additional explanations on some status information of this page:
„
Firmware version: In general, AirLive will refer to its firmware as exx (such as e2)
version on the release note
„
Device IP:
„
Device MAC: It shows MAC address of LAN.
„
Wan IP: It shows WAN IP.
„
Wan MAC:
„
Gateway IP: It shows IP address of Gateway.
„
DNS IP:
„
Wireless MAC: This is the wireless MAC address (BSSID) of this WLA-9000AP.
is the address to enter on the remote WDS Bridge for the WDS link.
„
Uptime: This is the time that the WLA-9000AP has been running since last power up.
It shows LAN IP.
It shows MAC address of WAN.
It shows IP address of DNS.
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5. Web Management 2: System Configuration and Status
5.2.2 Wireless Information
This page shows the information about wireless status such as current operation mode,
wireless traffic, error packets, RSSI, Remote device’s BSSD, connecting State, channel,
and encryption used.
5.2.3 LAN Information
This page shows the information about LAN port of the WLA-9000AP. It includes the type
of LAN port authentication used and the IP address information about the LAN port.
5.2.4 System Log
The System Log displays the system activities, login, and system error report. If you need
to report a problem to Air Live, please be sure to send us the System Log information also.
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5.2.5 Wireless Client Table
This function is available in AP mode and AP Router mode only. It displays the information
about wireless clients that are associated with WLA-9000AP. It includes signal strength,
TX and RX data rate, MAC address, and the state.
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6. Command Line Interface
6. Command
6
Line Interface
In this chapter, we will explain commands that are available through Telnet or SSH
interface. We will provide descriptions for the commands, example settings and the
WLA-9000AP’s response. The purpose for this chapter is to introduce available CLI
commands only. For detail descriptions on the concept and application of the settings,
please refer to chapter 4 and chapter 5.
Before reading this chapter, please go through Section 3.3 of Chapter 3. It contains
information on how to login Telnet or SSH/SSH2 interface. For quick reference, the login
and password is as bellowed:
„
Telnet
‰
„
Password: airlive
SSH/SSH2
‰
‰
First login
z
Login: root
z
Password: <nothing, just press enter>
Second login:
z
Password: airlive
When you change WLA-9000AP’s password, it will change the second login’s
password only.
You can get a list of available commands by typing “help” at the command prompt.
You must remember to save the configurations by typing “save
config” at the command prompt after making changes, otherwise, the
configuration will be lost after reboot.
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6. Command Line Interface
6.1 System Commands
„ ping <IP address>
This is the command
‰
‰
Here explains the usage
Purpose: to ping a remote IP address
of the command
Example:
Command> ping 192.168.1.1
Example
PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1): 56 data bytes
command and
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=1.8 ms
response
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.0 ms
„
change password
‰
Purpose: Change login password
‰
Example:
Command> change password 123
password is set to: 123
„
ftptest <ssid> 11a <channel>
‰
Purpose:
‰
Example:
Test if a SSID’s connection is okay
Command> ftptest airlive 11a 40
Set SSID : airlive , mode = 11a , channel = 40 ok !
„
save config
‰
Purpose: save configuration file. Please remember to “save config” after
making changes
‰
Example:
Command> save config
None
„
clear config
‰
Purpose:
‰
Example:
Clear configuration to default
Command> clear config
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Are you sure ? ( y/n ) : y
Write flash block [/dev/mtd3]
Write file is [/etc/defsysconfig.conf]
Rebooting...
„
webservice <lan | wan> <enable | disable>
‰
Purpose:
‰
Example:
Enable or Disable Web management interface on LAN or WAN
Command> webservice lan enable
webservice from lan enable
„
site survey
‰
Purpose:
‰
Example:
Site Survey display
Command> site survey
Please wait a moment for site survey...
ESSID
MAC Address
Conn Mode Channel Turbo Super XR WME Signal Strength(dbm) Security Network
=====================================================================================
airlive
00:4f:79:90:00:27
A
36
-
--
*
-49
None
AP
airlive
00:4f:69:52:a1:ca
A
36
-
--
*
-61
None
AP
airmax-ap 00:4f:69:90:00:01
A
36
-
„
signal survey <bssid> <channel>
‰
Purpose:
‰
Example:
--
*
-56
None
AP
Display continuous RSSI for the remote AP/Bridge
Command> signal survey 00-4f-69-52-a1-ed 36
BSSID
Channel
Signal Strength(dbm)
================================================
00-4F-69-52-A1-ED
36
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BSSID
Channel
Signal Strength(dbm)
================================================
00-4F-69-52-A1-ED
36
-40
…
.
6.2 Debugging Commands
Those debugging commands are commands used for manufacturing testing process. If a
z_debug command looks similar to a Set command, please use the Set command instead.
„
z_debug http logout
‰
Purpose:
‰
Example:
log out HTTP
Command> z_debug http logout
„
z_debug signature <enable/disable>
‰
Purpose: Enable or disable signature check on firmware
‰
Example:
Command> z_debug signature disable
Are you sure ? ( y/n ) : y
Signature check is now DISABLED!!!
„
z_debug add ssid <ssid>
‰
Purpose: This command will replace the default ssid with the new one.
will not add an additional SSID. We recommend to use the following
commands instead:
‰
It
„
add ssid <ssidname> broadcast (enable/disable) to add a new SSID
„
set ssid <ssidname> to replace the current ssid name with a new one
Example:
Command> z_debug add ssid air1
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„
z_debug reboot
‰
Purpose: reboot your WLA-9000AP
‰
Example:
Command> z_debug reboot
Rebooting...
„
z_debug set port radio1 11a <ssid> <channel>
‰
Purpose:
instead;
‰
Set SSID and Channel. We recommend using set commands
„
set ssid <ssid> : to set the ssid name
„
set rate mode <mode value>: set radio mode to 11a | supera_no_turbo
| supera_static_turbo.| supera_dynamic_turbo
Example:
Command> z_debug set port radio1 11a air2 64
6.3 Show Commands
Show Commands are command that show the settings and status of WLA-9000AP
„
show arp table
‰
Purpose: Show ARP Table
‰
Example:
Command> show arp table
IP address
Flags HWaddress
Device
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------192.168.1.100
C
00:1D:60:5E:AE:A0
„
show http
‰
Purpose: Show HTTP service settings
‰
Example:
lan
Command> show http
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HTTP service port: 80
HTTP session timeout: 10 minutes
„
show upnp
‰
Purpose: Show UPnP information
‰
Example:
Command> show upnp
UPnP is disabled
„
show mac
‰
Purpose: show the MAC address table in MAC filter mode. This might
change to show the wireless MAC address of WLA-9000AP in future firmware
release
‰
Example:
Command> show mac
Filter Name
MAC address
-----------------------------------------------------ailrive
00-4f-62-24-12-34
„
show mac filter
‰
Purpose:
‰
Example:
show mac address table in the Access Control List
Command> show mac filter
Filter Name
MAC address
------------------------------------------------hello
00-4f-62-24-12-34
airlive
00-4f-62-24-11-11
„
show mac filter mode
‰
Purpose: Show whether the current MAC address is enable or not
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6. Command Line Interface
‰
Example:
Command> show mac filter mode
MAC filter mode: disable
„
show mac filter <string up to 16 characters>
‰
Purpose: show mac filter status with the filter name
‰
Example:
Command> show mac filter hello
Filter Name
MAC address
--------------------------------------------------hello
00-4f-62-24-12-34
„
show community string read
‰
Purpose: Show SNMP community string
‰
Example:
Command> show community string read
SNMP Community String (read-only):
public
„
show snmp
‰
Purpose: Show whether SNMP is enable or disabled
‰
Example:
Command> show snmp
SNMP is enabled
„
show trap manager
‰
Purpose: Show SNMP Trap manager status
‰
Example:
Command> show trap manager
Trap Manager
IP Address
Status
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6. Command Line Interface
ailrive
192.168.1.123
enabled
„
show trap manager <string up to 16 characters>
‰
Purpose:
‰
Example:
Show SNMP Trap manager status with the assigned name
Command> show trap manager airlive
Trap Manager
IP Address
Status
-------------------------------------------------------------------ailrive
192.168.1.123
„
show radius server
‰
Purpose:
‰
Example:
enabled
Show radius server settings
Command> show radius server
RADIUS Server
State
IP/Port
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Primary
Secondary
Disabled
Disabled
0.0.0.0/1812
0.0.0.0/1812
RADIUS Server reattempt: 60 seconds
„
show radius server <primary | secondary>
‰
Purpose: Show settings of primary or secondary radius server
‰
Example:
Command> show radius server primary
RADIUS Server: primary
State: Disabled
Server IP: 0.0.0.0
Port Number: 1812
Shared Secret:
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6. Command Line Interface
„
show log level
‰
Purpose: show log level
‰
Example:
Command> show log level
Log level is 8
„
show telnet / system
‰
Purpose: show telnet management information and system status
‰
Example:
Command> show telnet
Telnet session timeout: 0 minutes
Telnet port number: 23
Telnet state: enable
Command> show system
System Name: WLA-9000AP
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------S/W Version:
1.00e09a
H/W Version:
S0A
System LAN MAC:
Wireless MAC:
WMAC-0:
00-4F-79-90-00-16
00-4F-79-90-00-15
00-4F-79-90-00-15
„
show snmp statistics
‰
Purpose: Show SNMP satistics
‰
Example:
Command> show snmp statistics
Timeout: No Response from 192.168.1.1
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Received
Transmitted
---------------------------------------------------------------------------Total Packets
1
Request Variables
11
SET Variables
0
GET Requests
0
GETNEXT Requests
15
GET-RESPONSEs
0
SET Requests
0
1
25
Errors:
Bad Versions
0
Bad Community Uses:
0
ASN1 Parse Errors
0
Packet Too Long
0
NO-SUCH-NAME Errors
0
BAD-VALUE Errors
0
READ-ONLY Errors
0
GENERAL-ERR Errors
0
„
show rssi
‰
Purpose:
‰
Example:
Show RSSI signal strength
Command> show rssi
Please wait a moment for site survey...
ESSID
MAC Address
Signal Strength(dbm)
=======================================================
airlive
airmax-ap
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6. Command Line Interface
„
show mode
‰
Purpose: Show what operation is WLA-9000AP currently set to
‰
Example:
Command> show mode
operation mode: access point
„
show wireless setting
‰
Purpose: Show wireless settings
‰
Example:
Command> show wireless setting
Radio[1] operation mode:
ssid name
access point
:
wireless state
air2
: enable
ssid broadcast
: enable
radio[1] mode
:
radio[1] channel
:
11a
64
„
show wireless security
‰
Purpose: Show current wireless security policy
‰
Example:
Command> show wireless security
Radio1 security policy: none
„
show <wan | lan> settings
‰
Purpose: Show LAN or WAN port IP settings
‰
Example:
Command> show lan settings
Lan ip type
:
static
Lan ip address :
192.168.1.1
Lan ip netmask :
255.255.255.0
Lan ip gateway : 192.168.1.254
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Lan ip dnsserv : 0.0.0.0
show firmware version
show vlan ssid list
show wds settings
show advanced wireless
show syslogd
„
show antenna
‰
Purpose: Check antenna polarization
‰
Example:
Command> show antenna
Antenna setting is Vertical;
„
show ratemode
‰
Purpose: Show whether the AirMax is using 5MHz, 10MHz, or 20MHz
channel width
‰
Example:
Command> show ratemode
Ratemode is Full(20Mhz);
„
show noise immunity
‰
Purpose: Show the noise immunity setting
‰
Example:
Command> show noise immunity
Noise immunity is enable
6.4 Set Commands
The Set Commands are to make changes to the WLA-9000AP’s settings
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6. Command Line Interface
„
set http timeout <timeout value in minutes, 1-999>
‰
Purpose: Set the timeout value for HTTP management
‰
Example:
Command> set http timeout 10
HTTP timeout: 10 minutes
„
set system <contact |location> <string up to 60 characters>
‰
Purpose: Set the system’s location and contact info
‰
Example:
Command> set system location 60
System Location: 60
„
set system name <string up to 32 characters>
‰
Purpose: Set system’s name
‰
Example:
Command> set system name airlive
System Name: airlive
„
set mac filter mode <MAC filter mode, disabled/grant/deny>
‰
Purpose: Set MAC filter mode or disable MAC filtering.
‰
Example:
Command> set mac filter mode disabled
mac filter mode is set to disabled
„
set community string <read |write> <string up to 32 characters>
‰
Purpose: Set SNMP community string
‰
Example:
Command> set community string write test
community string for write: test
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Command> set community string read test
community string for read: test
„
set radius server reattempt <reattempt interval in minutes, now no limit
in seconds>
‰
Purpose: set radius server reattempt interval in minutes
‰
Example:
Command> set radius server reattempt 20
/etc/wlan/ap_service: 17: uname: not found
killall: wpa_supplicant: no process killed
/etc/wlan/ap_service: 17: uname: not found
Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_hal.o
Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_rate_atheros.o
Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_dfs.o
Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_ahb.o
<mapping sub-ioctl turbo to cmd 0x8BE0-1>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_installmode to cmd 0x8BE0-75>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_threslower to cmd 0x8BE0-76>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_threslow to cmd 0x8BE0-77>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_thresbetter to cmd 0x8BE0-78>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_thresbest to cmd 0x8BE0-79>
<mapping sub-ioctl maccmd to cmd 0x8BE0-17>
RTNETLINK answers: No such file or directory
RADIUS Server Reattempt Period: 20 Seconds
„
set telnet port <port number, 1-65535>
‰
Purpose: change the telnet port numer
‰
Example:
Command> set telnet port 23
Changing telnet port may cause current telnet connections to be lost.
Are you sure ? ( y/n ) : y
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6. Command Line Interface
Telnet port number: 23
„
set telnet timeout <timeout value in minutes, 0-999, 0 for no limit>
‰
Purpose:
‰
Example:
Set Telnet management timeout
Command> set telnet timeout 10
Changing telnet timeout may cause current telnet connections to be lost.
Are you sure ? ( y/n ) : y
Telnet session timeout: 10 minutes
„
set wmm qos <enable | disable>
‰
Purpose:
‰
Example:
Enable or Disable WMM QoS
Command> set wmm qos disable
set wmm qos disable successful!
„
set log level <1-7>
‰
Purpose: Set the log level
‰
Example:
Command> set log level 7
set log level 7 successful
„
set client isolation <enable | disable>
‰
Purpose:
‰
Example:
Enable or Disable client isolation / privacy seperator
Command> set client isolation disable
Set client isolation disable successful!
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6. Command Line Interface
„
set operation mode <AP |repeater| client | ad-hoc |bridge_infra|
wds_bridge | wisp | router>
‰
Purpose: set or change operation mode
‰
Example:
Command> set operation mode AP
Operation mode is already setting!
Command> set operation mode wds_bridge
System should be reboot...
Are you sure ? ( y/n ) : y
„
set <wan | lan> <webservice | ping> <enable |disable>
‰
Purpose: enable/disable ping response or web server on the lan/wan side
‰
Example:
Command> set lan ping enable
set lan ping already enable
„
set lan ip <ipaddress> sm <netmask> gw <gateway> dns <dns server>
‰
Purpose: set LAN IP address such as IP, Subnet mask, gateway, and DNS
server
‰
Example:
Command> set lan ip 192.168.1.1 sm 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.254 dns
168.95.1.1
killall: dnsmasq: no process killed
LAN IP address :
192.168.1.1
Netmask
255.255.255.0
Gateway
DNS server
AirLive WLA-9000AP User’s Manual
:
:
192.168.1.254
:
168.95.1.1
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6. Command Line Interface
„
set <enable | disable>
‰
Purpose:
‰
Example:
Enable or Disable the wireless interface
Command> set enable
Radio1 enabled
„
set ssid <ssidname>
‰
Purpose: Replace current main SSID name with a new one
‰
Example:
Command> set ssid WLA-9000AP
„
set ssid remotessid <remote ssidname> Repeater Mode Only
‰
Purpose: Set the remote SSID name for repeater mode
‰
Example:
Command> set ssid remotessid airlive2
„
set broadcast <enable | disable>
‰
Purpose:
‰
Example:
Enable or disable SSID broadcast
Command> set broadcast enable
Radio1 broadcast enabled
„
set radio mode <radio mode value>
‰
Purpose: set radio mode to 11a | supera_no_turbo | supera_static_turbo.|
supera_dynamic_turbo
‰
Example:
Command> set radio mode supera_no_turbo
Radio1 radio mode: supera_no_turbo
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6. Command Line Interface
„
set channel <channel value>
‰
Purpose: set wireless channel
‰
Example:
Command> set channel 36
Radio1 channel: 36
„
set beacon interval <range:20-100>
‰
Purpose: set beacon interval for wireless interface. For explanation on
advance wireless parameters, please refer to section 4.2.14
‰
Example:
Command> set beacon interval 100
Radio1 beacon internal: 100
„
set rts threshold <range:0-2347>
‰
Purpose: set rts threshold. For explanation on advance wireless parameters,
please refer to section 4.2.14
‰
Example:
Command> set rts threshold 2347
Radio1 RTS threshold: 2347
„
set fragmentation <range:256-2346>
‰
Purpose: set fragmentation value. For explanation on advance wireless
parameters, please refer to section 4.2.14
‰
Example:
Command> set fragmentation 2346
Radio1 fragmentation: 2346
„
set dtim interval <range:1-255>
‰
Purpose: To set dtim interval value. For explanation on advance wireless
parameters, please refer to section 4.2.14
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6. Command Line Interface
‰
Example:
Command> set dtim interval 1
Radio1 DTIM interval: 1
„
set user limitation <range:1-100>
‰
Purpose:
‰
Example:
To set the user limit for wireless interface
Command> set user limitation 100
Radio1 user limitation: 100
„
set age out time <range:1-1000>
‰
Purpose: To set the age timeout for wireless clients.
‰
Example:
Command> set age out time 5
Radio1 age out time: 5
„
set transmit power <range: 0-24>
‰
Purpose: To set the TX output power value of the radio
‰
Example:
Command> set transmit power 20
Radio1 transmit power: 20
„
set data rate <best | 6~54>
‰
Purpose: To set the date rate. For example, 54mbps, 36mbps….etc
‰
Example:
Command> set data rate 54
Radio1 data rate: 54
„
set acktimeout <11A>
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6. Command Line Interface
‰
Purpose: To set the ACK timeout value
‰
Example:
Command> set acktimeout 25
AckTimeOut for radio1: 11A=25
„
set vlan for ssid <enable | disable>
‰
Purpose: Enable VLAN function
‰
Example:
Command> set vlan for ssid enable
„
set diffserv marking <enable | disable>
‰
Purpose: To enable diffserv marking function in multiple SSID & VLAN
configuration.
‰
Example:
Command> set diffserv marking enable
„
set security <ssid> none
‰
Purpose: To remove security policy from a SSID
‰
Example:
Command> set security airlive none
Set Radio1 no security !
„
set security <ssid> wep <key number> <64|128|152> <ascii | hex> <key
string> <defaultkey>
‰
Purpose: To set the WEP security policy
‰
Example:
Command> set security WLA-9000AP wep 1 64 hex 1234567890
Radio1 authentication type : wep !
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6. Command Line Interface
„
set security <ssid> <wpa|wpa2> <tkip|aes|both> interval <0~300>
‰
Purpose: to set the WPA or WPA2 security policy
‰
Example:
Command> set security WLA-9000AP wpa2 tkip interval 300
Radio1 authentication type : wpa2 !
„
set security <ssid> <wpa-psk|wpa2-psk> <tkip|aes|both> interval
<0~300> <key string>
‰
Purpose: to set the WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK security policy
‰
Example:
Command> set security WLA-9000AP wpa2-psk aes interval 300 12345678
Radio1 authentication type : wpa2-psk !
„
set antenna <diversity | vertical | horizontal >
‰
Purpose: To set the antenna to use horizontal, vertical, diversity polarizations.
‰
Example:
Command> set antenna horizontal
Antenna setting is Horizontal
„
set ratemode <full | half | quarter>
‰
Purpose:
‰
Example:
Command> set ratemode full
Rate mode is Full(20Mhz)
„
set noise immunity <on | off>
‰
Purpose: To enable/disable the noise immunity level
‰
Example:
Command> set noise immunity on
Noise immunity is enable
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6. Command Line Interface
6.5 Enable/Disable Commands
Commands to enable or disable settings
„
( enable/disable ):
‰
Purpose:
‰
Example:
<enable | disable> upnp
To enable or disable UPnP
Command>enable upnp
(Upnp)descDocName: BD.xml
UPnP Daemon: Intializing UPnP with descDocUrl=http://192.168.1.1:80/BD.xml
UPnP Daemon: ipaddress=192.168.1.1 port=80
UPnP Daemon: conf_dir_path=/var/upnp
Initializing UPnP SDK ...
UPnP SDK Successfully Initialized.
Setting the Web Server Root Directory to /var/upnp
Succesfully set the Web Server Root Directory.
UpnpGetServerPort(): 49152
Registering the root device with descDocUrl http://192.168.1.1:49152/BD.xml
IGD root device successfully registered.
Advertisements Sent. Listening for requests ...
Command> disable upnp
Shutting down on signal 15...
UPnP is disabled
„
<enable | disable> snmp
‰
Purpose: To enable/disable SNMP
‰
Example:
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6. Command Line Interface
Command> enable snmp
SNMP is enabled
Command> disable snmp
SNMP is disabled
„
<enable | disable> syslogd
‰
Purpose:
‰
Example:
To enable or disable syslog
Command> enable syslogd
Invalid configuration specified.
Command> disable syslogd
Syslogd is disabled
„
<enable | disable> radius server <primary | secondary>
‰
Purpose: To enable or disable primary/secondary radius server
‰
Example:
Command> enable radius server primary
Invalid configuration specified.
Command> enable radius server secondary
Invalid configuration specified.
6.6 Add/Delete Commands
Commands to add or delete settings
„ ( add/delete ): add mac filter < Mnemonics Name> <MAC address,
XX-XX-XX-XX-X-XX>
‰
Purpose: to add an entry to the MAC address filter
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6. Command Line Interface
‰
Example:
Command> add mac filter aaa 00-4f-62-24-12-34
/etc/wlan/ap_service: 17: uname: not found
killall: wpa_supplicant: no process killed
/etc/wlan/ap_service: 17: uname: not found
Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_hal.o
Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_rate_atheros.o
Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_dfs.o
Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_ahb.o
<mapping sub-ioctl turbo to cmd 0x8BE0-1>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_installmode to cmd 0x8BE0-75>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_threslower to cmd 0x8BE0-76>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_threslow to cmd 0x8BE0-77>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_thresbetter to cmd 0x8BE0-78>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_thresbest to cmd 0x8BE0-79>
<mapping sub-ioctl maccmd to cmd 0x8BE0-17>
<mapping sub-ioctl authmode to cmd 0x8BE0-3>
<mapping sub-ioctl cwmin to cmd 0x8BE3-1>
<mapping sub-ioctl cwmax to cmd 0x8BE3-2>
RTNETLINK answers: No such file or directory
RTNETLINK answers: No such file or directory
mac filter aaa(00-4F-62-24-12-34) is added
„
delete mac filter < Mnemonics Name>
‰
Purpose: to delete a mac filter entry
‰
Example:
Command> delete mac filter aaa
/etc/wlan/ap_service: 17: uname: not found
killall: wpa_supplicant: no process killed
/etc/wlan/ap_service: 17: uname: not found
Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_hal.o
Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_rate_atheros.o
Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_dfs.o
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6. Command Line Interface
Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_ahb.o
<mapping sub-ioctl turbo to cmd 0x8BE0-1>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_installmode to cmd 0x8BE0-75>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_threslower to cmd 0x8BE0-76>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_threslow to cmd 0x8BE0-77>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_thresbetter to cmd 0x8BE0-78>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_thresbest to cmd 0x8BE0-79>
<mapping sub-ioctl maccmd to cmd 0x8BE0-17>
<mapping sub-ioctl authmode to cmd 0x8BE0-3>
<mapping sub-ioctl cwmin to cmd 0x8BE3-1>
<mapping sub-ioctl cwmax to cmd 0x8BE3-2>
RTNETLINK answers: No such file or directory
RTNETLINK answers: No such file or directory
mac filter aaa is deleted
„
delete wds <comment>
‰
Purpose: To delete a WDS link
‰
Example:
Command> delete wds bridge
delete wds <comment> successful!
„
add radius server primary
‰
Purpose: to add a primary radius server
‰
Example:
Command> add radius server primary
enter server IP:
192.168.1.100
enter port number (1~65535):
655
enter shared secret:
123
enable server (yes/no):
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6. Command Line Interface
yes
/etc/wlan/ap_service: 17: uname: not found
killall: wpa_supplicant: no process killed
/etc/wlan/ap_service: 17: uname: not found
Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_hal.o
Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_rate_atheros.o
Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_dfs.o
Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_ahb.o
<mapping sub-ioctl turbo to cmd 0x8BE0-1>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_installmode to cmd 0x8BE0-75>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_threslower to cmd 0x8BE0-76>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_threslow to cmd 0x8BE0-77>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_thresbetter to cmd 0x8BE0-78>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_thresbest to cmd 0x8BE0-79>
<mapping sub-ioctl maccmd to cmd 0x8BE0-17>
<mapping sub-ioctl authmode to cmd 0x8BE0-3>
<mapping sub-ioctl cwmin to cmd 0x8BE3-1>
<mapping sub-ioctl cwmax to cmd 0x8BE3-2>
RTNETLINK answers: No such file or directory
RTNETLINK answers: No such file or directory
add radius server primary successfully
„
add radius server <primary | secondary>
‰
Purpose:
‰
Example:
to add a primary or secondary radius server
Command> add radius server secondary
enter server IP:
192.168.1.200
enter port number (1~65535):
766
enter shared secret:
234
enable server (yes/no):
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6. Command Line Interface
yes
/etc/wlan/ap_service: 17: uname: not found
killall: wpa_supplicant: no process killed
/etc/wlan/ap_service: 17: uname: not found
Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_hal.o
Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_rate_atheros.o
Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_dfs.o
Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_ahb.o
<mapping sub-ioctl turbo to cmd 0x8BE0-1>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_installmode to cmd 0x8BE0-75>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_threslower to cmd 0x8BE0-76>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_threslow to cmd 0x8BE0-77>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_thresbetter to cmd 0x8BE0-78>
<mapping sub-ioctl set_thresbest to cmd 0x8BE0-79>
<mapping sub-ioctl maccmd to cmd 0x8BE0-17>
<mapping sub-ioctl authmode to cmd 0x8BE0-3>
<mapping sub-ioctl cwmin to cmd 0x8BE3-1>
<mapping sub-ioctl cwmax to cmd 0x8BE3-2>
RTNETLINK answers: No such file or directory
RTNETLINK answers: No such file or directory
add radius server secondary successfully
„
add wds <comment> <mac>
‰
Purpose: to add a WDS Link
‰
Example:
Command> add wds bridge 00-4f-60-52-12-34
add wds <comment> <mac> successful!
„
add ssid <ssid name> broadcast <enable | disable>
‰
Purpose: to add a new ssid (AP and AP Router mode) to the multiple SSID
list.
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6. Command Line Interface
‰
Example:
Command> add ssid air03 broadcast enable
Add R1 ssid <air03> broadcast enable successful!
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7. Application Example: Dual AP Mode
7
7. Application
Example:
Dual AP Mode
In Dual AP mode, both wireless interface of WLA-9000AP are set as AP and provide
hotspot service on each interface.
z
This Application provides wider coverage that difficult to be reached with a unique
Omni antenna by using another adequate antenna such as sector antenna. It’s
particularly suitable for WISP to provide stable and high performance link.
z
The image in Dual AP mode UI helps to indicate data flow related to the Wireless and
the Ethernet ports.
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7. Application Example: Dual AP Mode
Both Radios has its own setting interface.
AP Mode
AP Mode
To configure the AP mode, please refer to Section 4.3 Access Point Settings.
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8. Application Example: Duplex Mode
8
8. Application
Example:
Duplex Mode
The duplex mode groups the two radios to double the bandwidth between two
WLA-9000APs.
z
This Application provides higher bandwidth between two locations than single radio
does. When clients transmitting data which over the loading of single radio, the other
radio shares the loading and make it able to transmit more data between the two
WLA-9000AP.
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8. Application Example: Duplex Mode
z
The image in Duplex mode UI helps to indicate data flow related to the Wireless and
the Ethernet ports.
Both radios are using WDS mode for communication.
One WLA-9000AP is configured as a Master where as the other WLA-9000AP is configure
to be a Slave.
One set to Master, the
other set to Slave
WDS Mode
WDS Mode
To configure the WDS mode, please refer to section 4.4 WDS Bridge Settings.
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9. Application Example: Dual WDS Bridge Mode
9
9. Application
Example:
Dual WDS Bridge Mode
In Dual WDS Bridge mode, both wireless interface of WLA-9000AP are set as WDS Bridge
and connect to remote network. When configured in the Dual WDS Bridge mode,
WLA-9000AP allows solving discontinuous link due to geographical obstacles, shown as
below and extension of distance between two WDS bridge nodes separated by a building.
WLA-9000AP
z
In this mode, the AP can act as a signal repeating station in a wireless backbone
network. In addition, it can also function as directing station for NLOS application.
z
The image in Duplex WDS Bridge mode UI helps to indicate data flow related to the
Wireless and the Ethernet ports.
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9. Application Example: Dual WDS Bridge Mode
Both radios are using WDS mode for communication.
WDS Mode
WDS Mode
To configure the WDS mode, please refer to section 4.4 WDS Settings.
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10. Application Example: Separate Bridge Mode
10
10. Application
Example:
Separate Bridge Mode
The Separate Bridge separates the device into 2 IP segments. Radio 1 and LAN 3 are in IP
segment of 192.168.1.x/24 and Radio 2 and LAN1, LAN2 are in IP segment of 192.168.2.x.
Devices in one IP segment can not communicate to devices in the other IP segment.
z
In this application, both Radio 1 and Radio 2 are in WDS Bridge Mode.
z
The image in Separate WDS Bridge mode UI helps to indicate data flow related to the
Wireless and the Ethernet ports.
Both radios are using WDS mode for communication.
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10. Application Example: Separate Bridge Mode
WDS Mode LAN 1: 192.168.1.x
WDS Mode LAN 2: 192.168.2.x
To configure the WDS mode, please refer to Section 4.4 WDS Settings.
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11. Application Example: AP + Client / Client + AP Mode
11
11. Application
Example:
AP + Client / Client + AP
Mode
In this mode, one station works as an intermediate station. This enable the AP to link with
remote stations using client mode, then distribute the signal to other clients using AP mode.
z
In this application, Either Radio 1 or Radio 2 is in AP Mode, the other Radio is in Client
mode.
z
The image in AP + Client / Client + AP mode UI helps to indicate data flow related to
the Wireless and the Ethernet ports.
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11. Application Example: AP + Client / Client + AP Mode
The UI example of AP + Client is as following:
Client Mode
Access Point Mode
To configure the AP mode, please refer to Section 4.3 Access Point Settings.
To configure the Client mode, please refer to Section 4.5 Client Settings.
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12. Application Example: AP + WDS Bridge / WDS Bridge + AP Mode
12
12. Application
Example:
AP + WDS Bridge / WDS
Bridge + AP Mode
In this mode, one Radio is in Access Point mode and the other in WDS Bridge Mode.
z
In this mode, the AP can act as a signal repeating station in a wireless backbone
network. In addition, it can also function as directing station for NLOS application.
z
The image in AP + WDS Bridge / WDS Bridge + AP mode UI helps to indicate data flow
related to the Wireless and the Ethernet ports.
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12. Application Example: AP + WDS Bridge / WDS Bridge + AP Mode
The UI example of AP + WDS Bridge is as following:
WDS Mode
Access Point Mode
To configure the AP mode, please refer to Section 4.3 Access Point Settings.
To configure the Client mode, please refer to Section 4.4 WDS Settings.
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13. Application Example: WDS + Gateway / Gateway + WDS Mode
13
13. Application
Example:
WDS + Gateway /
Gateway + WDS
In this mode, one radio acts as an AP router and the other a WDS bridge. One of the RJ-45
ports as the WAN interface to the internet.
z
The remote location can access the internet by way of this Access Point which acts as
a gateway device of the network.
z
The image in WDS + Gateway / Gateway + WDS mode UI helps to indicate data flow
related to the Wireless and the Ethernet ports.
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13. Application Example: WDS + Gateway / Gateway + WDS Mode
The UI example of Gateway + WDS is as following:
WDS Mode
Access Point
Gateway (AP Router) Mode
To configure the AP mode, please refer to Section 4.3 Access Point Settings.
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13. Application Example: WDS + Gateway / Gateway + WDS Mode
To configure the WDS mode, please refer to Section 4.4 WDS Settings.
To configure the Gateway (Router) mode, please refer to Section 4.6 Gateway (AP
Router) Settings.
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14. Application Example: AP + Gateway / Gateway + AP Mode
14
14. Application
Example:
AP + Gateway / Gateway
+ AP
In this mode, one radio acts as an AP router and the other an Access Point. One of the
RJ-45 ports as the WAN interface to the internet.
z
The remote location can access the internet by way of this Access Point which acts as
a gateway device of the network.
z
The image in AP + Gateway / Gateway + AP mode UI helps to indicate data flow
related to the Wireless and the Ethernet ports.
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14. Application Example: AP + Gateway / Gateway + AP Mode
The UI example of Gateway + AP is as following:
AP Mode
AP Mode
Gateway (AP Router) Mode
To configure the AP mode, Please refer to Section 4.3 Access Point Setting.
To configure the WDS mode, Please refer to Section 4.4 WDS Setting.
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14. Application Example: AP + Gateway / Gateway + AP Mode
To configure the Gateway (AP Router) mode, Please refer to Section 4.6 Gateway (AP
Router) Settings.
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15. Application Example: AP + WISP / WISP + AP Mode
15
15. Application
Example:
AP + WISP / WISP + AP
In this mode, one radio acts as an AP and the other acts as a client router. One of the RJ-45
ports as the WAN interface to the internet.
z
The remote location can access the internet by way of this Access Point which acts as
a gateway device of the network.
z
The image in AP + WISP / WISP + AP mode UI helps to indicate data flow related to
the Wireless and the Ethernet ports.
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15. Application Example: AP + WISP / WISP + AP Mode
The UI example of AP + WISP is as following:
Client Mode
AP Mode
Gateway (AP Router) Mode
mode
To configure the AP mode, Please refer to Section 4.3 Access Point Settings.
To configure the WDS mode, Please refer to Section 4.5 Client Settings.
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15. Application Example: AP + WISP / WISP + AP Mode
To configure the Gateway (Router) mode, Please refer to Section 4.6 Gateway (AP
Router) Settings.
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16. Frequent Asked Questions
16
16. Frequent
Asked
Questions
In this chapter, we will address some frequent asked questions about WLA-9000AP
Question:
I forgot my password or the IP address of WLA-9000AP.
Answer:
Please restore your settings to default by press the reset button for more than
5 seconds. You should be able to find your WLA-9000AP at 192.168.1.1 with password
“airlive”.
====================================================================
Question:
When I try to configure WLA-9000AP, the following message pop-up saying
there is already someone login in to the WLA-9000AP
Another user is already logged on (IP
address: 192.168.1.50,
Try logging on later.
Answer:
You can force another administrator to logout by typing “login.asp” on your
browser. Then key-in the password again to enter the management interface.
====================================================================
Question:
I heard WLA-9000AP can limit the bandwidth of BitTorrent and eDonkey traffic.
But I don’t see the option on the Bandwidth Control.
Answer:
The option to limit bandwidth by application or port is available only on WISP
router and AP Router modes.
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16. Frequent Asked Questions
Question:
When I plug in the POE cable and 48V power adapter, the WLA-9000AP’s
power LED is not on?
Answer:
Please make sure you have connected the PoE cable to the correct port on
the WLA-9000AP. Moreover, you should use an Ethernet cable with 4
twisted pairs (CAT5 or better) for POE cable.
====================================================================
Question:
Where is the signal survey function that displays the RSSI value continuously?
Answer:
The “Signal Survey” function is inside the Site Survey function. You can
access from “Operation Mode -> Setup -> Site Survey” menu.
====================================================================
Question:
When do I use Per-User Bandwidth Control by IP, MAC, or IP segment?
Answer:
In general, IP address control limits the devices on the end node (i.e. PC and
WISP router). MAC address control can limit the traffic of a AP/CPE in
wireless client mode.
‰ IP address: When you want to limit the bandwidth of a single notebook
computer, PC, or WISP router.
‰ MAC address: When you want to limit the bandwidth of a remote
AP/CPE in Client mode. For example, another WLA-9000AP in client
mode
‰ IP Segment:: When you want to limit the bandwidth of an entire IP range.
For example, all the PCs using the DHCP server to get IP addresses.
====================================================================
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Question:
When I use “Site Survey”, why does the RSSI LED goes off?
Answer:
When you click on the Site Survey, the WLA-9000AP thinks you are trying to
choose a new network to associate. Therefore, it will disconnect from
current connection and wait until you establish a new connection. If you
require seeing the wireless link quality after connection is established, please go to
“Device Status->Wireless” menu to see the “RSSI” value.
====================================================================
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17. Specifications
17
17. Specifications
The specification of WLA-9000AP is subject to change without notice. Please use the
information with caution.
Hardware
„
220MHz Atheros CPU
„
High power design , 23dBm average power, to extend the wireless range
„
Dual wireless interface 11a, 11a/b/g + 11a, operation simultaneously.
„
Super A/G mode support (Atheros Proprietary)
„
RoHS compliant
„
IEEE 802.3af (PoE) compliance
„
8MB Flash, 32MB SDRAM
„
3 x RJ45 port (PoE support by one LANport)
Antenna
„
2 x R-SMA connector detachable omni Antenna
Frequency Range
„
WLAN1(Radio 1)
z
„
802.11a : 5.47 to 5.725 GHz
WLAN2 (Radio 2)
z
802.11b/g : 2.412 to 2.472 GHz
z
802.11a : 5.47 to 5.725 GHz
Frequency Channel
„
WLAN1(Radio 1)
z
„
802.11a
‹
USA (FCC) : 12
‹
Europe (ETSI) : 19
- WLAN2(Radio 2)
z
802.11b/g
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z
‹
USA (FCC) : 11
‹
Europe (ETSI) : 13
802.11a
‹
USA (FCC) : 12
‹
Europe (ETSI) : 19
Power Supply
„
External DC Power Adapter (Standard)
z
„
input 100~240Vac/50~60Hz , output 5.5V/2.5A
802.3af Power over Ethernet with DC48V/0.4A (optional)
Modulation Technology
„
IEEE802.11a 5GHz OFDM
„
IEEE802.11b 2.4GHz CCK
„
IEEE802.11g 2.4GHz OFDM
„
Atheros Proprietary Super A/G mode 802.11a Orthogonal
Wireless transfer Data Rate with Automatic Fallback
„
802.11b: 1, 2, 5.5, 11Mbps
„
802.11g: 1, 2, 5.5, 11, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54Mbps
„
802.11a: 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54Mbps
Output Power
802.11a
802.11g
54 Mbps @ 17dBm
54 Mbps @ 19dBm
48 Mbps @ 18dBm
48 Mbps @ 20dBm
36 Mbps @ 19 dBm
36 Mbps @ 21 dBm
6, 9, 12, 18, 24 Mbps @ 23 dBm
6, 9, 12, 18, 24 Mbps @ 23 dBm
RSSI
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17. Specifications
802.11a
802.11g
6Mbps @ -90 dBm
6Mbps @ -89 dBm
9Mbps @ -89 dBm
9Mbps @ -88 dBm
12Mbps @ -88 dBm
12Mbps @ -88 dBm
18Mbps @ -86 dBm
18Mbps @ -86 dBm
24Mbps @ -82 dBm
24Mbps @ -82 dBm
36Mbps @ -79 dBm
36Mbps @ -79 dBm
48Mbps @ -73 dBm
48Mbps @ -75 dBm
54Mbps @ -71 dBm
54Mbps @ -73 dBm
Software
„
Wi-Fi, WPA compatible interoperability
„
Support WDS Bridge Mode, Client Mode, AP Mode on interface under each predefined
operational mode
„
Client Isolation supported
„
SNMP v1/v2 support
„
Support adjustable output power
„
ACK Timeout setting
„
User Limitation (Static Load Balancing)
„
Multiple SSID, VLAN, QoSWPA with PSK/TKIP/AES support ,WPA2 support
„
152-bit WEP support (Atheros Proprietary)
„
Super A/G mode support (Atheros Proprietary)
„
Bootloader Protection and Emergency Firmware Upload Code in bootloader
„
Radius Support
„
HTB QoS
„
P2P Bandwidth Control
Product Weight (g)
„
341 g (without antennas)
Product Size (L x W x H mm)
„
191 x 145.5 x 29 mm
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18. Wireless Network Glossary
18
18. Wireless
Network
Glossary
The wireless network glossary contains explanation or information about common terms
used in wireless networking products. Some of information in this glossary might be
outdated, please use with caution.
802.11a
An IEEE specification for wireless networking that operates in the 5 GHz frequency range
(5.15 GHz to 5.850 GHz) with a maximum of 54 Mbps data transfer rate. The 5 GHz
frequency band is not as crowded as the 2.4 GHz band. In addition, the 802.11a have 12
non-overlapping channels, comparing to 802.11b/g's 3 non-overlapping channels. This
means the possibility to build larger non-interfering networks. However, the 802.11a deliver
shorter distance at the same output power when comparing to 802.11g.
802.3ad
802.3ad is an IEEE standard for bonding or aggregating multiple Ethernet ports into one
virtual port (also known as trunking) to increase the bandwidth.
802.3af
This is the PoE (Power over Ethernet) standard by IEEE committee. 803.af uses 48V
POE standard that can deliver up to 100 meter distance over Ethernet cable.
802.11b
International standard for wireless networking that operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency band
(2.4 GHz to 2.4835 GHz) and provides a throughput up to 11 Mbps.
802.1d STP
Spanning Tree Protocol. It is an algorithm to prevent network from forming. The STP
protocol allows net work to provide a redundant link in the event of a link failure. It is
advise to turn on this option for multi-link bridge network.
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18. Wireless Network Glossary
802.11d
Also known as “Global Roaming”. 802.11d is a standard for use in countries where
systems using other standards in the 802.11 family are not allowed to operate.
802.11e
The IEEE QoS standard for prioritizing traffic of the VoIP and multimedia applications.
The WMM is based on a subset of the 802.11e.
802.11g
A standard provides a throughput up to 54 Mbps using OFDM technology. It also
operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency band as 802.11b. 802.11g devices are backward
compatible with 802.11b devices.
802.11h
This IEEE standard define the TPC (transmission power control) and DFS(dynamic
frequency selection) required to operate WiFi devices in 5GHz for EU.
802.11i
The IEEE standard for wireless security. 802.11i standard includes TKIP, CCMP, and
AES encryption to improve wireless security. It is also know as WPA2.
802.1Q Tag VLAN
In 802.1Q VLAN, the VLAN information is written into the Ethernet packet itself. Each
packet carries a VLAN ID(called Tag) as it traveled across the network. Therefore, the
VLAN configuration can be configured across multiple switches. In 802.1Q spec, possible
4096 VLAN ID can be created. Although for some devices, they can only view in frames
of 256 ID at a time.
802.1x
802.1x is a security standard for wired and wireless LANs. In the 802.1x parlance, there are
usually supplicants (client), authenticator (switch or AP), and authentication server (radius
server) in the network. When a supplicants request a service, the authenticator will pass
the request and wait for the authentication server to grant access and register accounting.
The 802.1x is the most widely used method of authentication by WISP.
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Adhoc
A Peer-to-Peer wireless network. An Adhoc wireless network do not use wireless AP or
router as the central hub of the network. Instead, wireless client are connected directly to
each other. The disadvantage of Adhoc network is the lack of wired interface to Internet
connections. It is not recommended for network more than 2 nodes.
Access Point (AP)
The central hub of a wireless LAN network. Access Points have one or more Ethernet
ports that can connect devices (such as Internet connection) for sharing. Multi-function
Access Point can also function as an Ethernet client, wireless bridge, or repeat signals from
other AP. Access Points typically have more wireless functions comparing to wireless
routers.
ACK Timeout
Acknowledgement Timeout Windows. When a packet is sent out from one wireless station
to the other, it will waits for an Acknowledgement frame from the remote station. The
station will only wait for a certain amount of time, this time is called the ACK timeout. If the
ACK is NOT received within that timeout period then the packet will be re-transmitted
resulting in reduced throughput. If the ACK setting is too high then throughput will be lost
due to waiting for the Ack Window to timeout on lost packets. If the ACK setting is too low
then the ACK window will have expired and the returning packet will be dropped, greatly
lowering throughput. By having the ability to adjust the ACK setting we can effectively
optimize the throughput over long distance links. This is especially true for 802.11a and
802.11g networks. Setting the correct ACK timeout value needs to consider 3 factors:
distance, AP response time, and interference. The WLA-9000AP provides ACK
adjustment capability in form of either distance or direct input. When you enter the
distance parameter, the WLA-9000AP will automatically calculate the correct ACK timeout
value.
Bandwidth Management
Bandwidth Management controls the transmission speed of a port, user, IP address, and
application. Router can use bandwidth control to limit the Internet connection speed of
individual IP or Application. It can also guarantee the speed of certain special application
or privileged IP address - a crucial feature of QoS (Quality of Service) function. The
WLA-9000AP’s features both “Per-user Bandwidth Control” and “Total Bandwidth Control”.
“Per-user Bandwidth Control” allow administrator to define the maximum bandwidth of each
user by IP, IP Group, or MAC address. Total Bandwidth defines the maximum bandwidth
of wireless or Ethernet interface.
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18. Wireless Network Glossary
Bootloader
Bootloader is the under layering program that will start at the power-up before the device
loads firmware. It is similar to BIOS on a personal computer. When a firmware crashed,
you might be able to recover your device from bootloader.
Bridge
A product that connects 2 different networks that uses the same protocol. Wireless
bridges are commonly used to link network across remote buildings. For wireless
application, there are 2 types of Bridges. WDS Bridge can be used in Point-to-Point or
Point-to-Multipoint topology. Bridge Infrastructure works with AP mode to form a star
topology.
Cable and Connector Loss: During wireless design and deployment, it is important to
factor in the cable and connector loss. Cable and connector loss will reduce the output
power and receiver sensitivity of the radio at connector end. The longer the cable length is,
the more the cable loss. Cable loss should be subtracted from the total output power
during distance calculation. For example, if the cable and connector loss is 3dBm and the
output power is 20dBm; the output power at the cable end is only 17dBm.
Client
Client means a network device or utility that receives service from host or server. A client
device means end user device such as wireless cards or wireless CPE.
CPE Devices
CPE stands for Customer Premises Equipment. A CPE is a device installed on the end
user's side to receive network services. For example, on an ADSL network, the ADSL
modem/router on the subscriber's home is the CPE device. Wireless CPE means a
complete Wireless (usually an AP with built-in Antenna) that receive wireless broadband
access from the WISP. The opposite of CPE is CO.
CTS
Clear To Send. A signal sent by a device to indicate that it is ready to receive data.
DDNS
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Dynamic Domain Name System. An algorithm that allows the use of dynamic IP address
for hosting Internet Server. A DDNS service provides each user account with a domain
name. A router with DDNS capability has a built-in DDNS client that updates the IP
address information to DDNS service provider whenever there is a change. Therefore,
users can build website or other Internet servers even if they don't have fixed IP
connection.
DHCP
Dynamic Hosting Configuration Protocol. A protocol that enables a server to dynamically
assign IP addresses. When DHCP is used, whenever a computer logs onto the network, it
automatically gets an IP address assigned to it by DHCP server. A DHCP server can
either be a designated PC on the network or another network device, such as a router.
DMZ
Demilitarized Zone. When a router opens a DMZ port to an internal network device, it opens
all the TCP/UDP service ports to this particular device. The feature is used commonly for
setting up H.323 VoIP or Multi-Media servers.
DNS
A program that translates URLs to IP addresses by accessing a database maintained on a
collection of Internet servers.
Domain Name
The unique name that identifies an Internet site. Domain Names always have 2 or more
parts, separated by dots. In www.airlive.com, the "airlive.com" is the doman name.
DoS Attack
Denial of Service. A type of network attack that floods the network with useless traffic.
Many DoS attacks, such as the Ping of Death and Teardrop attacks, exploit limitations in
the TCP/IP protocols.
Encryption
Encoding data to prevent it from being read by unauthorized people. The common
wireless encryption schemes are WEP, WPA, and WPA2.
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ESSID (SSID)
The identification name of an 802.11 wireless network. Since wireless network has no
physical boundary liked wired Ethernet network, wireless LAN needs an identifier to
distinguish one network from the other. Wireless clients must know the SSID in order to
associate with a WLAN network. Hide SSID feature disable SSID broadcast,
so users must know the correct SSID in order to join a wireless network.
Firewall
A system that secures a network and prevents access by unauthorized users. Firewalls can
be software, router, or gateway. Firewalls can prevent unrestricted access into a network,
as well as restricting data from flowing out of a network.
Firmware
The program that runs inside embedded device such as router or AP. Many network
devices are firmware upgradeable through web interface or utility program.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol. A standard protocol for sending files between computers over a
TCP/IP network and the Internet.
Fragment Threshold
Frame Size larger than this will be divided into smaller fragment. If there are interferences
in your area, lower this value can improve the performance. If there are not, keep this
parameter at higher value. The default size is 2346. You can try 1500, 1000, or 500
when there are interference around your network.
Full Duplex
The ability of a networking device to receive and transmit data simultaneously.
environment, this is usually done with 2 or more radios doing load balancing.
In wireless
Gateway
In the global Internet network, the gateways are core routers that connect networks in
different IP subnet together. In a LAN environment with an IP sharing router, the gateway
is the router. In an office environment, gateway typically is a multi-function device that
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18. Wireless Network Glossary
integrates NAT, firewall, bandwidth management, and other security functions.
Hotspot
A place where you can access Wi-Fi service. The term hotspot has two meanings in
wireless deployment. One is the wireless infrastructure deployment, the other is the
Internet access billing system. In a hotspot system, a service provider typically need an
authentication and account system for billing purposes, and a wireless AP network to
provide access for customers.
IGMP Snooping
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a Layer 3 protocol to report IP multicast
memberships to neighboring multicast switches and routers. IGMP snooping is a feature
that allows an Ethernet switch to "listen in" on the IGMP conversation between hosts and
routers. A switch support IGMP snooping has the possibility to avoid multicast traffic being
treated as broadcast traffic; therefore, reducing the overall traffic on the network.
Infrastructure Mode
A wireless network that is built around one or more access points to provide wireless clients
access to wired LAN / Internet service. The opposite of Infrastructure mode is Adhoc
mode.
IP address
IP (Internet Protocol) is a layer-3 network protocol that is the basis of all Internet
communication. An IP address is 32-bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of
information that is sent across the Internet. An IP address has two parts: an identifier of a
particular network on the Internet and an identifier of the particular device (which can be a
server or a workstation) within that network. The new IPv6 specification supports 128-bit
IP address format.
IPsec
IP Security. A set of protocols developed by the IETF to support secure exchange of
packets at the IP layer. IPsec has been deployed widely to implement Virtual Private
Networks (VPNs). IPsec supports two encryption modes: Transport and Tunnel.
Transport mode encrypts only the data of each packet, but leaves the header untouched.
The more secure Tunnel mode encrypts both the header and the payload. On the receiving
side, an IPSec-compliant device decrypts each packet.
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LACP (802.3ad) Trunking
The 802.3ad Link Aggregation standard defines how to combine the several Ethernet ports
into one high-bandwidth port to increase the transmission speed. It is also known as port
trunking. Both device must set the trunking feature to work.
MAC
Media Access Control. MAC address provides layer-2 identification for Networking Devices.
Each Ethernet device has its own unique address. The first 6 digits are unique for each
manufacturer. When a network device have MAC access control feature, only the devices
with the approved MAC address can connect with the network.
Mbps
Megabits Per Second. One million bits per second; a unit of measurement for data
transmission
MESH
Mesh is an outdoor wireless technology that uses Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and
Wireless Distribution system to achieve self-forming, self-healing, and self-configuring
outdoor network. MESH network are able to take the shortest path to a destination that
does not have to be in the line of site.
MIMO
Multi In Multi Out. A Smart Antenna technology designed to increase the coverage and
performance of a WLAN network. In a MIMO device, 2 or more antennas are used to
increase the receiver sensitivity and to focus available power at intended Rx.
NAT
Network Address Translation. A network algorithm used by Routers to enables several
PCs to share single IP address provided by the ISP.
The IP that a router gets from the
ISP side is called Real IP, the IP assigned to PC under the NAT environment is called
Private IP.
Node
A network connection end point, typically a computer.
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18. Wireless Network Glossary
Packet
A unit of data sent over a network.
Passphrase
Used much like a password, a passphrase simplifies the WEP encryption process by
automatically generating the WEP encryption keys for the company products.
POE
Power over Ethernet. A standard to deliver both power and data through one single
Ethernet cable (UTP/STP). It allows network device to be installed far away from power
ource. A POE system typically compose of 2 main component: DC Injector (Base Unit)
and Splitter(Terminal Unit). The DC injector combines the power and data, and the splitter
separates the data and power back. A PoE Access Point or CPE has the splitter built-in to
the device. The IEEE 802.3af is a POE spec that uses 48 volt to deliver power up to 100
meter distance.
Port
This word has 2 different meaning for networking.
z The hardware connection point on a computer or networking device used for plugging
in a cable or an adapter.
z The virtual connection point through which a computer uses a specific application on a
server.
PPPoE
Point-to- Point Protocol over Ethernet. PPPoE relies on two widely accepted standards:
PPP and Ethernet. PPPoE is a specification for connecting the users on an Ethernet to the
Internet through a common broadband medium, such as a single DSL line, wireless device
or cable modem.
PPTP
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol: A VPN protocol developed by PPTP Forum. With
PPTP, users can dial in to their corporate network via the Internet. If users require data
encryption when using the Windows PPTP client, the remote VPN server must support
MPPE (Microsoft Point-To-Point Encryption Protocol) encryption. PPTP is also used by
some ISP for user authentication, particularly when pairing with legacy Alcatel / Thomson
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18. Wireless Network Glossary
ADSL modem.
Preamble Type
Preamble are sent with each wireless packet transmit for transmission status. Use the
long preamble type for better compatibility. Use the short preamble type for better
performance
Rate Control
Ethernet switches' function to control the upstream and downstream speed of an individual
port. Rate Control management uses "Flow Control" to limit the speed of a port.
Therefore, the Ethernet adapter must also have the flow control enabled. One way to
force the adapter's flow control on is to set a port to half-duplex mode.
RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service. An authentication and accounting system
used by many Internet Service Providers (ISPs). When you dial in to the ISP, you must
enter your username and password. This information is passed to a RADIUS server, which
checks that the information is correct, and then authorizes access to the ISP system.
Radius typically uses port 1812 and port 1813 for authentication and accounting port.
Though not an official standard, the RADIUS specification is maintained by a working group
of the IETF.
Receiver Sensitivity
Receiver sensitivity means how sensitive is the radio for receiving signal. In general; the
slower the transmission speed, the more sensitive the radio is. The unit for Receiver
Sensitivity is in dB; the lower the absolute value is, the higher the signal strength. For
example, -50dB is higher than -80dB.
RJ-45
Standard connectors for Twisted Pair copper cable used in Ethernet networks. Although
they look similar to standard RJ-11 telephone connectors, RJ-45 connectors can have up to
eight wires, whereas telephone connectors have only four.
Router
An IP sharing router is a device that allows multiple PCs to share one single broadband
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18. Wireless Network Glossary
connection using NAT technology. A wireless router is a device that combines the
functions of wireless Access Point and the IP sharing router.
RSSI
Receiver Sensitivity Index. RSSI is a value to show the Receiver Sensitivity of the remote
wireless device. In general, remote APs with stronger signal will display higher RSSI
values. For RSSI value, the smaller the absolute value is, the stronger the signal. For
example, “-50db” has stronger signal than “-80dB”.
For outdoor connection, signal
stronger than -60dB is considered as a good connection.
RTS
Request To Send. A packet sent when a computer has data to transmit. The computer will
wait for a CTS (Clear To Send) message before sending data.
RTS Threshold
RTS (Request to Send).
The RTS/CTS(clear to send) packet will be send before a frame
if the packet frame is larger than this value. Lower this value can improve the
performance if there are many clients in your network. You can try 1500, 1000 or 500
when there are many clients in your AP’s network.
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol. A set of protocols for managing complex
networks. The SNMP network contains 3 key elements: managed devices, agents, and
network-management systems (NMSs). Managed devices are network devices that
content SNMP agents. SNMP agents are programs that reside SNMP capable device's
firmware to provide SNMP configuration service. The NMS typically is a PC based
software such as HP Openview that can view and manage SNMP network device remotely.
SSH
Developed by SSH Communications Security Ltd., Secure Shell is a program to log into
another computer over a network, to execute commands in a remote machine, and to move
files from one machine to another. It provides strong authentication and secure
communications over insecure channels. It is a replacement for rlogin, rsh, rcp, and rdist.
SSL
Secure Sockets Layer. It is a popular encryption scheme used by many online retail and
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18. Wireless Network Glossary
banking sites to protect the financial integrity of transactions. When an SSL session
begins, the server sends its public key to the browser. The browser then sends a randomly
generated secret key back to the server in order to have a secret key exchange for that
session. SSL VPN is also known as Web VPN. The HTTPS and SSH management
interface use SSL for data encryption.
Subnet Mask
An address code mask that determines the size of the network. An IP subnet are
determined by performing a BIT-wise AND operation between the IP address and the
subnet mask. By changing the subnet mask, you can change the scope and size of a
network.
Subnetwork or Subnet
Found in larger networks, these smaller networks are used to simplify addressing between
numerous computers. Subnets connect to the central network through a router, hub or
gateway. Each individual wireless LAN will probably use the same subnet for all the local
computers it talks to.
Super A
Super A is an Atheros proprietary turbo mode to increase speed over standard 802.11a
mode. It adds Bursting and Compression to increase the speed. If you live in countries
that prohibit the channel binding technology (i.e. Europe), you should choose “Super-A
without Turbo) if you need more speed than 11a mode
TCP
A layer-4 protocol used along with the IP to send data between computers over the Internet.
While IP takes care of handling the actual delivery of the data, TCP takes care of keeping
track of the packets that a message is divided into for efficient routing through
the Internet.
Turbo A
Turbo A is an Atheros proprietary turbo mode to increase speed over standard 802.11a
mode. It uses channel binding technology to increase speed. There are 2 types of Turbo
A modes: Dynamic Turbo and Static Turbo. In Dynamic Turbo, the channel binding will be
used only if necessary. In Static Turbo, the channel binding is always on. This protocol
may be combined with Super-A model to increase the performance even more. The used
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18. Wireless Network Glossary
of channel binding might be prohibited in EU countries.
TX Output Power
Transmit Output Power. The TX output power means the transmission output power of
the radio. Normally, the TX output power level limit for 2.4GHz 11g/b is 20dBm at the
antenna end. The output power limit for 5GHz 802.11a is 30dBm at the antenna end..
UDP
User Datagram Protocol. A layer-4 network protocol for transmitting data that does not
require acknowledgement from the recipient of the data.
Upgrade
To replace existing software or firmware with a newer version.
Upload
To send a file to the Internet or network device.
URL
Uniform Resource Locator.
The address of a file located on the Internet.
VPN
Virtual Private Network. A type of technology designed to increase the security of
information transferred over the Internet. VPN creates a private encrypted tunnel from the
end user's computer, through the local wireless network, through the Internet, all the way to
the corporate network.
Walled Garden
On the Internet, a walled garden refers to a browsing environment that controls the
information and Web sites the user is able to access. This is a popular method used by
ISPs in order to keep the user navigating only specific areas of the Web
WAN
Wide Area Network.
A communication system of connecting PCs and other computing
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18. Wireless Network Glossary
devices across a large local, regional, national or international geographic area. A WAN
port on the network device means the port (or wireless connection) that is connected to the
Internet side of the network topology.
WEP
Wired Equivalent Privacy. A wireless encryption protocol. WEP is available in 40-bit (64-bit),
108-bit (128-bit) or 152-bit (Atheros proprietary) encryption modes.
Wi-Fi
Wireless Fidelity. An interoperability certification for wireless local area network (LAN)
products based on the IEEE 802.11 standards. The governing body for Wi-Fi is called
Wi-Fi Alliance (also known as WECA).
WiMAX
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. A Wireless Metropolitan Network
technology that complies with IEEE 802.16 and ETSI Hiperman standards. The orginal
802.16 standard call for operating frequency of 10 to 66Ghz spectrum. The 802.16a
amendment extends the original standard into spectrum between 2 and 11 Ghz. 802.16d
increase data rates to between 40 and 70 Mbps/s and add support for MIMO antennas,
QoS, and multiple polling technologies. 802.16e adds mobility features, narrower
bandwidth (a max of 5 mhz), slower speed and smaller antennas. Mobility is allowed up to
40 mph.
WDS
Wireless Distribution System. WDS defines how multiple wireless Access Point or
Wireless Router can connect together to form one single wireless network without using
wired uplinks. WDS associate each other by MAC address, each device
WLAN
Wireless Local Area Network. A type of local-area network that uses high-frequency radio
waves rather than wires to communicate between nodes. The most popular standard for
WLAN is the 802.11 standards.
WMM
Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) is a standard to prioritize traffic for multimedia applications.
163
The
AirLive WLA-9000AP User’s Manual
18. Wireless Network Glossary
WMM prioritize traffic\ on Voice-over-IP (VoIP), audio, video, and streaming media as well
as traditional IP data over the AP.
WMS
Wireless Management System. An utility program to manage multiple wireless
AP/Bridges.
WPA
Wi-Fi Protected Access. It is an encryption standard proposed by WiFi for advance
protection by utilizing a password key (TKIP) or certificate. It is more secure than WEP
encryption. The WPA-PSK utilizes pre-share key for encryption/authentication.
WPA2
Wi-Fi Protected Access 2. WPA2 is also known as 802.11i. It improves on the WPA
security with CCMP and AES encryption. The WPA2 is backward compatible with WPA.
WPA2-PSK utilizes pre-share key for encryption/authentication.
AirLive WLA-9000AP User’s Manual
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