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Using NetFlow Filtering or Sampling to Select the Network Traffic to Track
Last Updated: April 1, 2012
This module contains information about and instructions for selecting the network traffic to track through the use of NetFlow filtering or sampling. The NetFlow Input Filtering and Random Sampled NetFlow features, described in this module, allow you to collect data from specific subsets of traffic.
• The NetFlow Input Filters feature provides NetFlow data for a specific subset of traffic by letting you create filters to select flows for NetFlow processing. For example, you can select flows from a specific group of hosts.
• The Random Sampled NetFlow feature provides NetFlow data for a subset of traffic in a Cisco router by processing only one randomly selected packet out of n sequential packets (n is a user-configurable parameter).
NetFlow is a Cisco IOS application that provides statistics on packets that flow through the router. It is emerging as a primary network accounting and security technology.
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Finding Feature Information, page 1
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Prerequisites for Using NetFlow Filtering or Sampling to Select Network Traffic to Track, page 2
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Restrictions for Using NetFlow Filtering or Sampling to Select Network Traffic to Track, page 2
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Information About Using NetFlow Filtering or Sampling to Select Network Traffic to Track, page
3
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How to Configure NetFlow Filtering or Sampling, page 6
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Configuration Examples for Configuring NetFlow Filtering and Sampling, page 16
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Additional References, page 18
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Feature Information for Using NetFlow Filtering or Sampling to Select Network Traffic to Track,
page 20
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Finding Feature Information
Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest feature information and caveats, see the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information
Americas Headquarters:
Cisco Systems, Inc., 170 West Tasman Drive, San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA
Using NetFlow Filtering or Sampling to Select the Network Traffic to Track
Prerequisites for Using NetFlow Filtering or Sampling to Select Network Traffic to Track about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the Feature Information Table at the end of this document.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Prerequisites for Using NetFlow Filtering or Sampling to
Select Network Traffic to Track
Prerequisites for NetFlow Input Filters
Before you can configure the NetFlow Input Filters feature, you must:
• Configure the router for IP routing.
• Configure Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) switching or distributed Cisco Express Forwarding
(dCEF) switching on the router and on the interfaces that you want to enable NetFlow Input Filters on
(fast switching is not supported).
• Create traffic classes and define NetFlow sampler maps.
Note The NetFlow Input Filters feature is supported in the Version 5 and Version 9 NetFlow export formats.
Prerequisites for Random Sampled NetFlow
Before you can configure the Random Sampled NetFlow feature, you must:
• Configure the router for IP routing.
• Configure Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) switching or distributed CEF (dCEF) switching on the router and on the interfaces that you want to enable Random Sampled NetFlow on (fast switching is not supported).
• Configure NetFlow Version 5 or Version 9 data export if you want to export NetFlow data (otherwise,
NetFlow data is visible in the cache, but is not exported).
• Configure NetFlow Version 9 if you want to use sampler option templates or view NetFlow sampler
IDs.
Restrictions for Using NetFlow Filtering or Sampling to
Select Network Traffic to Track
Restrictions for NetFlow Input Filters
On Cisco 7500 platforms, the NetFlow Input Filters feature is supported only in distributed mode.
2
Roadmap Using NetFlow Filtering or Sampling to Select the Network Traffic to Track
Information About Using NetFlow Filtering or Sampling to Select Network Traffic to Track
Restrictions for Random Sampled NetFlow
If full NetFlow is enabled on an interface, it takes precedence over Random Sampled NetFlow (which will thus have no effect). This means that you should disable full NetFlow on an interface before enabling
Random Sampled NetFlow on that interface.
Enabling Random Sampled NetFlow on a physical interface does not automatically enable Random
Sampled NetFlow on subinterfaces; you must explicitly configure it on subinterfaces. Also, disabling
Random Sampled NetFlow on a physical interface (or a subinterface) does not enable full NetFlow. This restriction prevents the transition to full NetFlow from overwhelming the physical interface (or subinterface). If you want full NetFlow, you must explicitly enable it.
If you enable Random Sampled NetFlow with Version 5 data export, sampler option templates are not exported, and sampler IDs are exported in the least significant three bits of the last byte of the Version 5 record pad field. Use NetFlow Version 9 if you want to use sampler option templates or view NetFlow sampler IDs.
Information About Using NetFlow Filtering or Sampling to
Select Network Traffic to Track
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Roadmap Using NetFlow Filtering or Sampling to Select the Network Traffic to Track, page 3
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Filtering and Sampling of NetFlow Traffic, page 3
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NetFlow Input Filters Flow Classification, page 5
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Random Sampled NetFlow Sampling Mode, page 6
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Random Sampled NetFlow The NetFlow Sampler, page 6
Roadmap Using NetFlow Filtering or Sampling to Select the Network Traffic to Track
The table below provides a roadmap that includes links to associated information and configuration instruction for selecting traffic of interest.
Table 1 Roadmap: Selecting the Network Traffic to Track Using Sampling and Filtering
Traffic of Interest
A specific subset of NetFlow traffic for the purpose of classbased traffic analysis and monitoring (including on-network or off-network traffic)
Links to Associated Information and Configuration Instructions
Associated information:
Configuration instructions:
Statistical sampling of network traffic for traffic engineering or capacity planning purposes
Associated information:
Configuration instructions:
Filtering and Sampling of NetFlow Traffic
NetFlow provides highly granular per-flow traffic statistics in a Cisco router. A flow is a unidirectional stream of packets that arrive at the router on the same subinterface, have the same source and destination IP addresses, Layer 4 protocol, TCP/UDP source and destination ports, and the same type of service (ToS)
3
Filtering and Sampling of NetFlow Traffic
Information About Using NetFlow Filtering or Sampling to Select Network Traffic to Track byte in the IP headers. The router accumulates NetFlow statistics in a NetFlow cache and can export them to an external device (such as the Cisco Networking Services (CNS) NetFlow Collection Engine) for further processing.
Full NetFlow accounts for all traffic entering the subinterface on which it is enabled. But in some cases, you might gather NetFlow data on only a subset of this traffic. The Random Sampled NetFlow feature and the NetFlow Input Filters feature each provide ways to limit incoming traffic to only traffic of interest for
NetFlow processing. Random Sampled NetFlow provides NetFlow data for a subset of traffic in a Cisco router by processing only one randomly selected packet out of n sequential packets. The NetFlow Input
Filters feature provides the capability to gather NetFlow data on only a specific user-defined subset of traffic.
Note Random Sampled NetFlow is more statistically accurate than Sampled NetFlow. NetFlow’s ability to sample packets was first provided by a feature named Sampled NetFlow. The methodology that the
Sampled NetFlow feature uses is deterministic sampling, which selects every nth packet for NetFlow processing on a per-interface basis. For example, if you set the sampling rate to 1 out of 100 packets, then
Sampled NetFlow samples the 1st, 101st, 201st, 301st, and so on packets. Sampled NetFlow does not allow random sampling and thus can make statistics inaccurate when traffic arrives in fixed patterns.
Note The Random Sampled NetFlow algorithms are applied after input filtering.
Table 2
The table below compares the NetFlow Input Filters feature and the NetFlow Random Sampled feature.
Comparison of the NetFlow Input Filters Feature and the Random Sampled NetFlow Feature
Comparison Category
Brief description
Main uses
Export format support
Cisco IOS release support
NetFlow Input Filters Feature Random Sampled NetFlow Feature
This feature enables you to gather
NetFlow data on only a specific subset of traffic. You do this by creating filters to select flows for NetFlow processing. For example, you can select flows from a specific group of hosts. This feature also lets you select various sampling rates for selected flows.
This feature provides NetFlow data for a subset of traffic in a Cisco router by processing only one randomly selected packet out of n sequential packets (n is a user-configurable parameter). Packets are sampled as they arrive (before any
NetFlow cache entries are made for those packets).
You can use this feature for class-based traffic analysis and monitoring onnetwork or off-network traffic.
You can use this feature for traffic engineering, capacity planning, and applications where full NetFlow is not needed for an accurate view of network traffic.
This feature is supported in the Version 5 and Version 9 NetFlow export formats.
This feature is supported in the Version 5 and Version 9 NetFlow export formats.
12.3(4)T.
12.3(2)T, 12.2(18)S, and 12.0(26)S.
4
NetFlow Input Filters Flow Classification
Information About Using NetFlow Filtering or Sampling to Select Network Traffic to Track
Comparison Category
Subinterface support
Memory impact
Performance impact
NetFlow Input Filters Feature Random Sampled NetFlow Feature
You can configure NetFlow Input Filters per subinterface as well as per physical interface.
You can select more than one filter per subinterface and have all of the filters run simultaneously.
You can configure the Random Sampled
NetFlow feature per subinterface as well as per physical interface.
Traffic is collected only on the subinterfaces on which Random Sampled
NetFlow is configured. As with full
NetFlow, enabling Random Sampled
NetFlow on a physical interface does not enable Random Sampled NetFlow on subinterfaces automatically--you must explicitly configure it on the subinterfaces.
This feature requires no additional memory. It allows you to use a smaller
NetFlow cache than full NetFlow, because it significantly reduces the number of flows. This feature requires an insignificant amount of memory for each configured NetFlow sampler.
This feature allows a smaller NetFlow cache than full NetFlow, because it significantly reduces the number of flows. This feature requires an insignificant amount of memory for each configured NetFlow sampler.
Accounting of classified traffic saves router resources by reducing the number of flows being processed and exported.
The amount of bandwidth saved depends on the usage and the class-map criteria.
However, performance might degrade depending on the number and complexity of class maps configured in a policy.
Statistical traffic sampling substantially reduces consumption of router resources
(especially CPU resources) while providing valuable NetFlow data.
This feature substantially reduces the impact of NetFlow data export on interface traffic. For example, a sampling rate of 1 out of 100 packets reduces the export of NetFlow data by about 50 percent.
NetFlow Input Filters Flow Classification
For the NetFlow Input Filters feature, classification of packets can be based on any of the following: IP source and destination addresses, Layer 4 protocol and port numbers, incoming interface, MAC address, IP
Precedence, DSCP value, Layer 2 information (such as Frame-Relay DE bits or Ethernet 802.1p bits), and
Network-Based Application Recognition (NBAR) information. The packets are classified (filtered) on the above criteria, and flow accounting is applied to them on subinterfaces.
The filtering mechanism uses the Modular QoS Command-Line Interface (MQC) to classify flows. You can create multiple filters with matching samplers on a per-subinterface basis. For example, you can subdivide subinterface traffic into multiple classes based on type of service (ToS) values or destination prefixes (or both). For each class, you can also configure sampling at a different rate, using higher rates for higher-priority classes of traffic and lower rates for lower-priority ones.
MQC has many policies (actions) such as bandwidth rate and queuing management. These policies are applied only if a packet matches a criterion in a class map that is applied to the subinterface. A class map contains a set of match clauses and instructions on how to evaluate the clauses and acts as a filter for the policies, which are applied only if a packet’s content satisfies the match clause. The NetFlow Input Filters
5
Random Sampled NetFlow Sampling Mode
How to Configure NetFlow Filtering or Sampling feature adds NetFlow accounting to the MQC infrastructure, which means that flow accounting is done on a packet only if it satisfies the match clauses.
Two types of filter are available:
• ACL-based flow-mask filters
• Fields of filter (source IP address, destination IP address, source application port, destination application port, port protocol, ToS bits, and TCP flags)
Random Sampled NetFlow Sampling Mode
Sampling mode makes use of an algorithm that selects a subset of traffic for NetFlow processing. In the random sampling mode that the Random Sampled NetFlow feature uses, incoming packets are randomly selected so that one out of each n sequential packets is selected on average for NetFlow processing. For example, if you set the sampling rate to 1 out of 100 packets, then NetFlow might sample the 5th packet and then the 120th, 199th, 302nd, and so on. This sample configuration provides NetFlow data on 1 percent of total traffic. The n value is a parameter from 1 to 65535 packets that you can configure.
Random Sampled NetFlow The NetFlow Sampler
A NetFlow sampler map defines a set of properties (such as the sampling rate and NetFlow sampler name) for NetFlow sampling. Each NetFlow sampler map can be applied to one or many subinterfaces as well as physical interfaces. You can define up to eight NetFlow sampler maps.
For example, you can create a NetFlow sampler map named mysampler1 with the following properties: random sampling mode and a sampling rate of 1 out of 100 packets. This NetFlow sampler map can be applied to any number of subinterfaces, each of which would refer to mysampler1 to perform NetFlow sampling. Traffic from these subinterfaces is merged (from a sampling point of view). This introduces even more "randomness" than random per-subinterface NetFlow sampling does, but statistically it provides the same sampling rate of 1 out of 100 packets for each participating subinterface.
The sampling in random sampled NetFlow is done by NetFlow samplers. A NetFlow sampler is defined as an instance of a NetFlow sampler map that has been applied to a physical interface or subinterface. If full
NetFlow is configured on a physical interface, it overrides random sampled NetFlow on all subinterfaces of this physical interface.
How to Configure NetFlow Filtering or Sampling
Note You need to configure input filtering before you apply the random sampled NetFlow algorithms.
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Configuring NetFlow Input Filters to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow Data Export, page 6
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Configuring Random Sampled NetFlow to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow Data Export, page 12
Configuring NetFlow Input Filters to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow Data
Export
Perform the following tasks to configure NetFlow input filters. Configuring NetFlow input filters reduces the impact of NetFlow data export.
6
Configuring NetFlow Input Filters to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow Data Export
Creating a Class Map for a Policy Map for NetFlow Input Filtering
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Creating a Class Map for a Policy Map for NetFlow Input Filtering, page 7
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Creating a Sampler Map for a Policy Map for NetFlow Input Filtering, page 8
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Creating a Class-Based Policy Containing NetFlow Sampling Actions, page 9
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Applying a Policy Containing NetFlow Sampling Actions to an Interface, page 11
Creating a Class Map for a Policy Map for NetFlow Input Filtering
Perform the following steps to create a class map for a policy map for NetFlow input filtering.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. configure terminal
3. class-map class-map-name [match-all | match-any]
4. match access-group access-group
5. end
DETAILED STEPS
Command or Action
Step 1 enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 configure terminal
Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
Step 3 class-map class-map-name [match-all |
match-any]
Example:
Router(config)# class-map my_high_importance_class
Creates a class map to be used for matching packets to a specified class.
• The class-map-name argument is the name of the class for the class map. The name can be a maximum of 40 alphanumeric characters.
The class name is used for both the class map and for configuring policy for the class in the policy map.
• The match-all | match-anykeywords determine how packets are evaluated when multiple match criteria exist. Packets must either meet all of the match criteria (match-all) or only one of the match criteria (match-any) to be considered a member of the class.
Entering the class-mapcommand enables class-map configuration mode, in which you can enter one of the match commands to configure the match criteria for this class.
7
Configuring NetFlow Input Filters to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow Data Export
Creating a Sampler Map for a Policy Map for NetFlow Input Filtering
Command or Action
Step 4 match access-group access-group
Example:
Router(config-cmap)# match accessgroup 101
Step 5 end
Example:
Router(config-cmap)# end
Purpose
Configures the match criteria for a class map on the basis of the specified access control list (ACL).
• The access-group argument is a numbered ACL whose contents are used as the match criteria against which packets are checked to determine if they belong to this class. An ACL number can be a number from 1 to 2699.
Exits the current configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC mode.
Creating a Sampler Map for a Policy Map for NetFlow Input Filtering
Perform the following steps to create a sampler map for a policy map for NetFlow input filtering.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. configure terminal
3. flow-sampler-map sampler-map-name
4. mode random one-out-of packet-interval
5. end
DETAILED STEPS
Command or Action
Step 1 enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 configure terminal
Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
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Configuring NetFlow Input Filters to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow Data Export
Creating a Class-Based Policy Containing NetFlow Sampling Actions
Command or Action
Step 3 flow-sampler-map sampler-map-name
Example:
Router(config)# flow-sampler-map my_high_sampling
Step 4 mode random one-out-of packet-interval
Example:
Router(config-sampler-map)# mode random one-out-of 100
Step 5 end
Purpose
Defines a statistical sampling NetFlow export flow sampler map.
• The sampler-map-name argument is the name of the flow sampler map to be defined.
Entering the flow-sampler-map command enables the flow sampler configuration mode.
Specifies a statistical sampling NetFlow export random sampling mode and a packet interval.
• The random keyword specifies that sampling uses the random sampling mode.
• The one-out-of packet-interval argument-keyword pair specifies the packet interval (one out of every npackets) from which to sample. For n, you can specify from 1 to 65535 (packets).
Exits the current configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Router(config-sampler-map)# end
Creating a Class-Based Policy Containing NetFlow Sampling Actions
Perform thefollowing steps to create a class-based policy that contains NetFlow sampling actions.
You can assign only one NetFlow input filters sampler to a class. Assigning a subsequent NetFlow input filters sampler to a class overwrites the previous sampler. Removing a NetFlow sampler map also removes the NetFlow input filters sampler from the corresponding policy map.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. configure terminal
3. policy-map policy-map-name
4. class {class-name | class-default}
5. netflow-sampler sampler-map-name
6. end
9
Configuring NetFlow Input Filters to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow Data Export
Creating a Class-Based Policy Containing NetFlow Sampling Actions
DETAILED STEPS
Command or Action
Step 1 enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 configure terminal
Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
Step 3 policy-map policy-map-name
Creates or modifies a policy map that can be attached to one or more interfaces to specify a service policy.
Example:
• The policy-map-name argument is the name of the policy map. The name can be a maximum of 40 alphanumeric characters.
Router(config)# policy-map mypolicymap
Entering the policy-mapcommand enables quality of service (QoS) policymap configuration mode, in which you can configure or modify the class policies for that policy map.
Step 4 class {class-name | class-default}
Specifies the name of the class whose policy you want to create or change or specifies the default class (commonly known as the class-default class) before you configure its policy.
Example:
Router(config-pmap)# class my_high_importance_class
• The class-name argument is the name of the class for which you want to configure or modify policy.
• The class-default keyword specifies the default class so that you can configure or modify its policy.
Entering the class command enables QoS policy-map class configuration mode.
Step 5 netflow-sampler sampler-map-name
Example:
Router(config-pmap-c)# netflowsampler high_sampling
Step 6 end
Enables a NetFlow input filter sampler.
• The sampler-map-name argument is the name of the NetFlow sampler map to apply to the class.
You can assign only one NetFlow input filter sampler to a class. Assigning another NetFlow input filter sampler to a class overwrites the previous one.
Exits the current configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Router(config-pmap-c)# end
10
Configuring NetFlow Input Filters to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow Data Export
Applying a Policy Containing NetFlow Sampling Actions to an Interface
Applying a Policy Containing NetFlow Sampling Actions to an Interface
Perform the following steps to apply a policy containing NetFlow sampling actions to an interface.
After you define a service policy with the policy-mapcommand, you use the service-policy command in interface configuration mode to attach it to one or more interfaces, thus specifying the service policy for those interfaces. Although you can assign the same service policy to multiple interfaces, each interface can have only one service policy attached. You can apply the service policy only in the input direction.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. configure terminal
3. interface interface-type interface-number
4. service-policy {input | output} policy-map-name
5. end
DETAILED STEPS
Command or Action
Step 1 enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 configure terminal
Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
Step 3 interface interface-type interface-number
Specifies the interface and enters interface configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config)# interface POS 1/0
Step 4 service-policy {input | output} policy- map-name
Example:
Router(config-if)# service-policy input mypolicymap
Attaches a policy map to an input interface or virtual circuit (VC), or an output interface or VC, to be used as the service policy for that interface or
VC.
• The input keyword attaches the specified policy map to the input interface or input VC.
• The output keyword attaches the specified policy map to the output interface or output VC.
• The policy-map-name is the name of a service policy map (created through use of the policy-map command) to be attached. The name can be a maximum of 40 alphanumeric characters.
11
Configuring Random Sampled NetFlow to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow Data Export
Troubleshooting Tips
Command or Action
Step 5 end
Purpose
Exits the current configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Router(config-if)# end
•
Troubleshooting Tips
Use the debug flow-sampler class-basedcommand to display debugging output for NetFlow input filters.
Configuring Random Sampled NetFlow to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow
Data Export
Perform the following tasks to configure and verify the configuration for the Random Sampled NetFlow feature:
•
Defining a NetFlow Sampler Map, page 12
•
Applying a NetFlow Sampler Map to an Interface, page 13
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Verifying the Configuration of Random Sampled NetFlow, page 14
Defining a NetFlow Sampler Map
Perform the following task to define a NetFlow sampler map.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. configure terminal
3. flow-sampler-map sampler-map-name
4. mode random one-out-of sampling-rate
5. end
DETAILED STEPS
Command or Action
Step 1 enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable
12
Configuring Random Sampled NetFlow to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow Data Export
Applying a NetFlow Sampler Map to an Interface
Command or Action
Step 2 configure terminal
Purpose
Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
Step 3 flow-sampler-map sampler-map-name
Example:
Defines a NetFlow sampler map and enters flow sampler map configuration mode.
• The sampler-map-name argument is the name of the NetFlow sampler map to be defined.
Router(config)# flow-sampler-map mysampler1
Step 4 mode random one-out-of sampling-rate
Example:
Router(config-sampler)# mode random oneout-of 100
Enables random mode and specifies a sampling rate for the NetFlow sampler.
• The random keyword specifies that sampling uses the random mode.
• The one-out-of sampling-rate keyword-argument pair specifies the sampling rate (one out of every n packets) from which to sample. For n, you can specify from 1 to 65535 (packets).
Step 5 end
Exits the current configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Router(config-sampler)# end
Applying a NetFlow Sampler Map to an Interface
Perform the following task to apply a NetFlow sampler map to an interface.
You can apply a NetFlow sampler map to a physical interface (or a subinterface) to create a NetFlow sampler.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. configure terminal
3. interface interface-type interface-number
4. flow-sampler sampler-map-name
5. end
13
Verifying the Configuration of Random Sampled NetFlow
Configuring Random Sampled NetFlow to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow Data Export
DETAILED STEPS
Command or Action
Step 1 enable
Purpose
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 configure terminal
Enters global configuration mode.
Example:
Router# configure terminal
Step 3 interface interface-type interface-number
Specifies the interface and enters interface configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config)# ethernet 1/0.2
Step 4 flow-sampler sampler-map-name
Applies a NetFlow sampler map to the interface to create the NetFlow sampler.
Example:
• The sampler-map-name argument is the name of the NetFlow sampler map to apply to the interface.
Router(config-if)# flow-sampler mysampler1
Step 5 end
Exits the current configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Router(config-if)# end
Verifying the Configuration of Random Sampled NetFlow
Perform the following tasks to verify the configuration of the Random Sampled NetFlow feature.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. show flow-sampler
2. show ip cache verbose flow
3. show ip flow export template
DETAILED STEPS
Step 1
show flow-sampler
14
Configuring Random Sampled NetFlow to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow Data Export
Verifying the Configuration of Random Sampled NetFlow
Use this command to display attributes (including mode, sampling rate, and number of sampled packets) of one or all
Random Sampled NetFlow samplers to verify the sampler configuration. For example:
Example:
Router# show flow-sampler
Sampler : mysampler1, id : 1, packets matched : 10, mode : random sampling mode
sampling interval is : 100
Sampler : myflowsampler2, id : 2, packets matched : 5, mode : random sampling mode
sampling interval is : 200
To verify attributes for a particular NetFlow sampler, use the show flow-sampler sampler-map-namecommand. For example, enter the following for a NetFlow sampler named mysampler1:
Step 2
Example:
Router# show flow-sampler mysampler1
Sampler : mysampler1, id : 1, packets matched : 0, mode : random sampling mode
sampling interval is : 100
show ip cache verbose flow
Use this command to display additional NetFlow fields in the header when Random Sampled NetFlow is configured.
For example:
Step 3
Example:
Router# show ip cache verbose flow
...
SrcIf SrcIPaddress DstIf DstIPaddress Pr TOS Flgs Pkts
Port Msk AS Port Msk AS NextHop B/Pk Active
BGP: BGP NextHop
Et1/0 8.8.8.8 Et0/0* 9.9.9.9 01 00 10 3
0000 /8 302 0800 /8 300 3.3.3.3 100 0.1
BGP: 2.2.2.2 Sampler: 1 Class: 1 FFlags: 01
This example shows the NetFlow output of the show ip cache verbose flow command in which the sampler, class-id, and general flags are set. What is displayed for a flow depends on what flags are set in the flow. If the flow was captured by a sampler, the output shows the sampler ID. If the flow was marked by MQC, the display includes the class ID. If any general flags are set, the output includes the flags.
NetFlow flags (FFlags) that might appear in the show ip cache verbose flow command output are:
• FFlags: 01 (#define FLOW_FLAGS_OUTPUT 0x0001)--Egress flow
• FFlags: 02 (#define FLOW_FLAGS_DROP 0x0002)--Dropped flow (for example, dropped by an ACL)
• FFlags: 04 (#define FLOW_FLAGS_MPLS 0x0004)--MPLS flow
• FFlags: 08 (#define FLOW_FLAGS_IPV6 0x0008)--IPv6 flow
• FFlags: 10 (#define FLOW_FLAGS_RSVD 0x0010)--Reserved
IPv6 and RSVD FFlags are seldom used. If FFlags is zero, the line is omitted from the output. If multiple flags are defined (logical ORed together), then both sets of flags are displayed in hexadecimal format.
show ip flow export template
Use this command to display the statistics for the NetFlow data export (such as template timeout and refresh rate) for the template-specific configurations. For example:
15
Example Configuring NetFlow Input Filters to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow Data Export
Troubleshooting Tips
Example:
Router# show ip flow export template
Template Options Flag = 0
Total number of Templates added = 0
Total active Templates = 0
Flow Templates active = 0
Flow Templates added = 0
Option Templates active = 0
Option Templates added = 0
Template ager polls = 0
Option Template ager polls = 0
Main cache version 9 export is enabled
Template export information
Template timeout = 30
Template refresh rate = 20
Option export information
Option timeout = 30
Option refresh rate = 20
•
Troubleshooting Tips
Use the debug flow-samplercommand to display debugging output for the Random Sampled NetFlow feature.
Configuration Examples for Configuring NetFlow Filtering and
Sampling
•
Example Configuring NetFlow Input Filters to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow Data Export, page 16
•
Example Configuring Random Sampled NetFlow to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow Data Export,
page 18
Example Configuring NetFlow Input Filters to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow
Data Export
•
Example Creating a Class Map for a Policy Map for NetFlow Input Filtering, page 16
•
Example Creating a Sampler Map for a Policy Map for NetFlow Input Filtering, page 17
•
Example Creating a Policy Containing NetFlow Sampling Actions, page 17
•
Example Applying a Policy to an Interface, page 17
Example Creating a Class Map for a Policy Map for NetFlow Input Filtering
The following example shows how to create a class map for a policy map for NetFlow input filtering. In the example, class maps named my_high_importance_class and my_medium_importance_class are created.
configure terminal
16
Example Configuring NetFlow Input Filters to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow Data Export
Example Creating a Sampler Map for a Policy Map for NetFlow Input Filtering
!
class-map my_high_importance_class
match access-group 101
exit
!
class-map my_medium_importance_class
match access-group 102
end
Example Creating a Sampler Map for a Policy Map for NetFlow Input Filtering
The following example shows how to create a sampler map for a policy map for NetFlow input filtering. In the following example, sampler maps called my_high_sampling, my_medium sampling, and my_low_samplng are created for use with a policy map for NetFlow input filtering.
configure terminal
!
flow-sampler-map my_high_sampling
mode random one-out-of 1
exit
!
flow-sampler-map my_medium_sampling
mode random one-out-of 100
exit
!
flow-sampler-map my_low_sampling
mode random one-out-of 1000
end
Example Creating a Policy Containing NetFlow Sampling Actions
The following example shows how to create a class-based policy containing three NetFlow sampling actions. In this example, a sampling action named my_high_sampling is applied to a class named my_high_importance_class, a sampling action named my_medium_sampling is applied to a class named my_medium_importance_class, and a sampling action named my_low_sampling is applied to the default class.
configure terminal
!
policy-map mypolicymap
class my_high_importance_class
netflow sampler my_high_sampling
exit
!
class my_medium_importance_class
netflow-sampler my_medium_sampling
exit
!
class class-default
netflow-sampler my_low_sampling end
Example Applying a Policy to an Interface
The following example shows how to apply a policy containing NetFlow sampling actions to an interface.
In this example, a policy named mypolicymap is attached to interface POS1/0 and also to interface
ATM2/0.
configure terminal
!
interface POS1/0
service-policy input mypolicymap
exit
17
Example Defining a NetFlow Sampler Map
Example Configuring Random Sampled NetFlow to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow Data Export
!
interface ATM2/0
service-policy input mypolicymap
end
Example Configuring Random Sampled NetFlow to Reduce the Impact of
NetFlow Data Export
•
Example Defining a NetFlow Sampler Map, page 18
•
Example Applying a NetFlow Sampler Map to an Interface, page 18
Example Defining a NetFlow Sampler Map
The following example shows how to define a NetFlow sampler map named mysampler1: configure terminal
!
flow-sampler-map mysampler1
mode random one-out-of 100
end
Example Applying a NetFlow Sampler Map to an Interface
The following example shows how to enable CEF switching and apply a NetFlow sampler map named mysampler1 to Ethernet interface 1 to create a NetFlow sampler on that interface: configure terminal
!
ip cef
!
interface ethernet 1/0
flow-sampler mysampler1
end
Additional References
Related Documents
Related Topic
Cisco IOS commands
NetFlow commands
Overview of Cisco IOS NetFlow
Document Title
Cisco IOS Master Commands List, All Releases
Cisco IOS NetFlow Command Reference
Cisco IOS NetFlow Overview
The minimum information about and tasks required for configuring NetFlow and NetFlow Data Export
Getting Started with Configuring NetFlow and
NetFlow Data Export
Tasks for configuring NetFlow to capture and export network traffic data
Configuring NetFlow and NetFlow Data Export
18
Example Configuring Random Sampled NetFlow to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow Data Export
Additional References
Related Topic
Tasks for configuring MPLS Aware NetFlow
Document Title
Configuring MPLS Aware NetFlow
Tasks for configuring MPLS egress NetFlow accounting
Configuring MPLS Egress NetFlow Accounting and Analysis
Tasks for configuring Random Sampled NetFlow Using NetFlow Filtering or Sampling to Select the
Network Traffic to Track
Tasks for configuring NetFlow aggregation caches Configuring NetFlow Aggregation Caches
Tasks for configuring NetFlow BGP next hop support
Tasks for configuring NetFlow multicast support
Tasks for detecting and analyzing network threats with NetFlow
Tasks for configuring NetFlow Reliable Export
With SCTP
Configuring NetFlow BGP Next Hop Support for
Accounting and Analysis
"Configuring NetFlow Multicast Accounting"
Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With
NetFlow
NetFlow Reliable Export With SCTP
Tasks for configuring NetFlow Layer 2 and
Security Monitoring Exports
Tasks for configuring the SNMP NetFlow MIB
NetFlow Layer 2 and Security Monitoring Exports
Tasks for configuring the NetFlow MIB and Top
Talkers feature
Configuring SNMP and using the NetFlow MIB to
Monitor NetFlow Data
Configuring NetFlow Top Talkers using Cisco IOS
CLI Commands or SNMP Commands
Information for installing, starting, and configuring the CNS NetFlow Collection Engine
Cisco CNS NetFlow Collection Engine
Documentation
Standards
Standards Title
No new or modified standards are supported by this feature.
--
MIBs
MIBs
None
MIBs Link
To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms, Cisco IOS releases, and feature sets, use
Cisco MIB Locator found at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/mibs
19
Example Configuring Random Sampled NetFlow to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow Data Export
Feature Information for Using NetFlow Filtering or Sampling to Select Network Traffic to Track
RFCs
RFCs
No new or modified RFCs are supported by this feature.
Title
--
Technical Assistance
Description
The Cisco Support and Documentation website provides online resources to download documentation, software, and tools. Use these resources to install and configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues with
Cisco products and technologies. Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.
Link http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/support/ index.html
Feature Information for Using NetFlow Filtering or Sampling to Select Network Traffic to Track
The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module.
This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
20
Example Configuring Random Sampled NetFlow to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow Data Export
Feature Information for Using NetFlow Filtering or Sampling to Select Network Traffic to Track
Table 3 Feature Information for Using NetFlow Filtering or Sampling to Select Network Traffic to Track
Feature Name
NetFlow Input Filters
Releases Feature Information
12.3(4)T, 12.2(25)S 12.2(27)SBC
15.0(1)S
The NetFlow Input Filters feature provides NetFlow data for a specific subset of traffic by letting you create filters to select flows for NetFlow processing. For example, you can select flows from a specific group of hosts.
This feature also lets you select various sampling rates for selected flows. The NetFlow
Input Filters feature is used, for example, for class-based traffic analysis and monitoring onnetwork or off-network traffic.
The following commands were introduced or modified by this feature: netflow-sampler and
debug flow-sampler.
21
Example Configuring Random Sampled NetFlow to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow Data Export
Glossary
Feature Name
Random Sampled NetFlow
Releases
12.3(4)T, 12.2(18)S, 12.0(26)S,
12.2(27)SBC 12.2(33)SRC
Feature Information
Random Sampled NetFlow provides NetFlow data for a subset of traffic in a Cisco router by processing only one randomly selected packet out of n sequential packets (n is a userconfigurable parameter). Packets are sampled as they arrive (before any NetFlow cache entries are made for those packets).
Statistical traffic sampling substantially reduces consumption of router resources
(especially CPU resources) while providing valuable NetFlow data.
The main uses of Random
Sampled NetFlow are traffic engineering, capacity planning, and applications where full
NetFlow is not needed for an accurate view of network traffic.
In Cisco IOS Release
12.2(33)SRC, this feature was enhanced to support IPv6 unicast and IPv4 multicast functionality.
The following commands were introduced by this feature: debug
flow-sampler, flow-sampler,
flow-sampler-map, mode (flow
sampler map configuration), and show flow-sampler.
The following command was modified by this feature: ip flow-
export.
Glossary
ACL --Access control list. A roster of users and groups of users kept by a router. The list is used to control access to or from the router for a number of services.
BGP --Border Gateway Protocol. Interdomain routing protocol that replaces Exterior Gateway Protocol
(EGP). A BGP system exchanges reachability information with other BGP systems. BGP is defined by
RFC 1163.
BGP next hop --IP address of the next hop to be used to reach a certain destination.
CEF --Cisco Express Forwarding. Layer 3 IP switching technology that optimizes network performance and scalability for networks with large and dynamic traffic patterns.
22
Example Configuring Random Sampled NetFlow to Reduce the Impact of NetFlow Data Export
dCEF --Distributed Cisco Express Forwarding. A type of CEF switching in which line cards (such as
Versatile Interface Processor (VIP) line cards) maintain identical copies of the forwarding information base
(FIB) and adjacency tables. The line cards perform the express forwarding between port adapters; this relieves the Route Switch Processor of involvement in the switching operation.
fast switching --Cisco feature in which a route cache is used to expedite packet switching through a router.
flow --Unidirectional stream of packets between a given source and destination. Source and destination are each defined by a network-layer IP address and transport-layer source and destination port numbers.
MQC --Modular QoS command-line interface. A CLI structure that lets you create traffic polices and attach them to interfaces. A traffic policy contains a traffic class and one or more QoS features. The QoS features in the traffic policy determine how the classified traffic is treated.
NBAR --Network-Based Application Recognition. A classification engine in Cisco IOS software that recognizes a wide variety of applications, including web-based applications and client/server applications that dynamically assign Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or User Datagram Protocol (UDP) port numbers. After the application is recognized, the network can invoke specific services for that application.
NBAR is a key part of the Cisco Content Networking architecture and works with QoS features to let you use network bandwidth efficiently.
NetFlow --Cisco IOS security and accounting feature that maintains per-flow information.
NetFlow sampler --A set of properties that are defined in a NetFlow sampler map that has been applied to at least one physical interface or subinterface.
NetFlow sampler map --The definition of a set of properties (such as the sampling rate) for NetFlow sampling.
NetFlow v9 --NetFlow export format Version 9. A flexible and extensible means for carrying NetFlow records from a network node to a collector. NetFlow Version 9 has definable record types and is selfdescribing for easier NetFlow Collection Engine configuration.
ToS --type of service. Second byte in the IP header that indicates the desired quality of service for a specific datagram.
Cisco and the Cisco logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco and/or its affiliates in the U.S.
and other countries. To view a list of Cisco trademarks, go to this URL: www.cisco.com/go/trademarks .
Third-party trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (1110R)
Any Internet Protocol (IP) addresses and phone numbers used in this document are not intended to be actual addresses and phone numbers. Any examples, command display output, network topology diagrams, and other figures included in the document are shown for illustrative purposes only. Any use of actual IP addresses or phone numbers in illustrative content is unintentional and coincidental.
© 2012 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
23
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