ATTO Technology ATTO ExpressPCI Ultra/WIDE SCSI Host Adapters Express PCI PSC: Single-Channel Single-Ended Ultra/WIDE ExpressPCI DC: Dual-Channel Single
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ATTO Technology, Inc.
Installation and Operation Manual
ATTO ExpressPCI Ultra/WIDE SCSI Host Adapters
Express PCI PSC: Single-Channel Single-Ended Ultra/WIDE
ExpressPCI DC: Dual-Channel Single-Ended Ultra/WIDE
© 2003 ATTO Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. All brand or product names are trademarks of their respective holders. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the express written permission of ATTO Technology, Inc.
07/2003 Document Control Number: PRMA-0112-000MD
Contents
1 What is ATTO ExpressPCI? ........................................................ 1
Environmental and Physical Specifications
2 SCSI is a key technology for storage ......................................... 3
3 Installing the ExpressPCI SCSI Host Adapter ........................... 5
3.1 Determining cabling and termination ................ 7
3.2 Installing and Updating Device Drivers ............. 11
Windows Server 2003 & Windows 2000/XP
Re-flashing Firmware in Windows
Linux and Sun Solaris Driver Installation
Updating Drivers and Re-flashing Firmware in Mac OS X
Updating Drivers and Re-flashing Firmware in Mac OS 9
4 Maximizing Performance with your ExpressPCI HBA .............. 15
Set registry for large block transfers
Set up RAID groups with ATTO ExpressRAID
5 Troubleshooting ........................................................................... 17
Appendix A Standards and compliances ..................................... i
Appendix B SCSI host adapter selection guide ........................... ii
Appendix C Fibre Channel host adapter guide ............................ iii
Appendix D Contact ATTO Technology, Inc. ............................... iv
1 What is ATTO ExpressPCI?
Compatible with virtually all popular SCSI devices, ATTO ExpressPCI host adapters will increase the performance of disk-intensive applications such as digital video, prepress, multimedia and real-time.
The ATTO ExpressPCI family of Ultra/WIDE
SCSI host adapters includes:
ExpressPCI PSC
..........
Single-Channel, Single-Ended Ultra/WIDE
ExpressPCI DC
............
Dual-Channel, Single-Ended Ultra/WIDE
❖
Asynchronous I/O support
❖
Multiple Initiator support
❖
SCSI-3 Tagged Command Queuing
❖
Mac SCSI Manager 4.3 and pre 4.3 compatible driver
Plug and Play for PCI-based computers
The
ATTO ExpressPCI SCSI adapter uses plug and play technology to eliminate configuration manipulation, including setting termination for single-ended adapters. Insert the ATTO
ExpressPCI SCSI adapter into your PCI-based computer and the adapter is configured according to your system.
Operating Environments
❖
Windows 95/98, Windows NT/2000/XP
❖
Mac
OS 9, Mac OS X
❖
Linux
❖
Sun Solaris
Power Requirements
❖
0.75 typical / 1.25 max. Amps @ + 5.0 VDC,
0.05 Amps @ +12.0 VDC
ATTO offers a variety of tools if you need to alter the host adapter’s configuration. Refer to the
ExpressPCI Utilities manual for additional information on these tools.
Environmental and Physical
Specifications
Operating Temperature
0-50
°
C
Humidity
10-90% Non-condensing
Features
❖
Automatic termination
❖
Advanced Data Streaming (ADS
)
Technology
❖
RAID ready
❖
Embedded RISC I/O processor
❖
Flash ROM BIOS for easy field upgrades
❖
PCI 2.1 Compliant
❖
Includes Mac
®
OS and PC Utility software
❖
SCSI InterfaceSCSI-1, SCSI-2, SCSI-3,
UltraSCSI
❖
Extensive device support: up to 105 through
LUNs (Wide and Narrow devices)
❖
Advanced SCSI
❖
Large Command FIFO
❖
Supports disconnect/reconnect
Length
4.92” (PSC)
...............
6.2” (DC)
Height 4.2”
MTBF
MTTR
150,000 hours
< 15 minutes
SCSI Connectors
ATTO ExpressPCI PSC
pin)
ATTO ExpressPCI DC
HD68 (high density 68-
68-pin VHDCI external connectors (2), HD 68 internal connectors (2)
Maximum Host PCI Transfer Rate:
Maximum SCSI transfer rates:
rate:12 MB/sec. per channel
133 MB/sec.
synchronous data rate 40 MB/sec. per channel; asynchronous data
1 ATTO Technology ExpressPCI Ultra/WIDE SCSI Host Adapters Installation and Operation Manual
2
2 SCSI is a key technology for storage
SCSI is a serial communications technology designed to transfer large amounts of data between a variety of hardware systems over long distances. It is a key technology for applications that require shared, high bandwidth access to storage.
SCSI provides a logical point-to point serial channel for the transfer of data between a buffer at a source device and a buffer at a destination device. It moves buffer contents from one port to another, without regard to the format or meaning of the data so different upper level protocols are able to run over SCSI hardware.
The SCSI architecture is structured as a hierarchical set of protocol layers. Defined within these layers are rules for signal interfaces, serial encoding and decoding, error control, frame format and communications protocols.
Glossary
Some terms used in the SCSI industry are defined below. More information is available through the
ATTO Technology website (www.attotech.com), and the SCSI Consortium
(www.iol.unh.edu/consortium).
Term
ANSI auto negotiation
BER bit byte
CRC host initiator device
LED originator receiver
Definition
American National Standards Institute hardware senses and automatically responds depending on configuration
Bit Error Rate: a measure of transmission accuracy; the ratio of bits received in error to bits sent
Smallest unit of data a computer can process: a single binary digit with a value of either 0 or 1 an ordered set of 8 bits
Cyclic Redundancy Check: an error-correcting code which calculates a numeric value for received and transmitted data. If no error has occurred during transmission, the CRC for both received and transmitted data should be the same.
a processor, usually a CPU and memory, which communicates with devices over an interface
A component which originates a command
Light-emitting diode: a type of diode that emits light when current passes through it. Visible LEDs are used as indicator lights on all sorts of electronic devices.
an initiating device; a component which originates a command the ultimate destination of data transmission; a terminal device
3 ATTO Technology ExpressPCI Ultra/WIDE SCSI Host Adapters Installation and Operation Manual
Term
SCSI topology transceiver transfer rate
Definition
Small Computer Systems Interface: a processor-independent standard for system-level interface between a computer and intelligent devices including hard disks, floppy disks, CD-ROM, printers, scanners, etc. logical layout of the parts of a computer system or network and their interconnections a transmitter/receiver module the rate at which bytes or bits are transferred, as in megabytes or gigabits per second.
4
3 Installing the ExpressPCI SCSI Host Adapter
You will need a basic understanding of SCSI before installing the ATTO ExpressPCI host adapter. Please refer to Chapter 2 for a list of SCSI-related web sites. For more detailed explanations of cabling,
connectors and termination, see Chapter 3.1.
WARNING Remember to back up your system data before changing or installing hardware.
WARNING ATTO ExpressPCI host adapters contain components that are sensitive to electrostatic discharge
(ESD). ESD can cause damage to the ExpressPCI host adapter. Please follow standard methods to avoid ESD.
System requirements
The ATTO Express PCI host adapter package contains the host adapter, the ATTO ExpressPCI
Utilities CD and a warranty and registration card.
If any of these items are missing, contact your
ATTO authorized sales representative.
To successfully install and use your ATTO
ExpressPCI SCSI adapter you need:
❖
A computer with an available PCI slot.
❖
SCSI devices
❖
Cable(s) and terminator(s).
Installation
1 Plan your SCSI device connections (see
2 Shut down the system and all peripherals before installing the adapter. After turning off the computer, leave the power cable plugged into a grounded outlet to discharge static electricity.
3 Open the computer case.
4
Ins tall the ATTO ExpressPCI host adapter in any open PCI expansion slot. If you have questions about how to install an expansion card in your system, consult your computer’s documentation.
5 Replace the computer cover.
6 Connect SCSI devices by inserting a SCSI cable to the connector on the ATTO
ExpressPCI host adapter. Refer to
Exhibit 3.1-2 when selecting cables.
7 Power up your computer.
8 Set SCSI device termination. (see
9 Set SCSI IDs. Adapter default is 7.
Each device on the SCSI bus requires a unique
SCSI ID. If installing a single device, make sure you do not assign it the same SCSI ID as your ATTO
ExpressPCI SCSI adapter. Do not change the adapter ID if possible. For more information and ease in changing the ID, consult the ExpressPCI
Utilities Installation and Operation Manual.
10 ATTO ExpressPCI host adapters come preconfigured to operate properly in a variety of common system setups. However, some systems or setups may benefit by tuning the adapter for optimal performance.
Use the ATTO ExpressPCI Utilities to change host adapter settings. Refer to
Chapter 3.2 for more information.
11 If necessary, install drivers for your operating system from the ATTO
ExpressPCI Utilities CD. Refer to
Chapter 3.2 for more information.
5 ATTO Technology ExpressPCI Ultra/WIDE SCSI Host Adapters Installation and Operation Manual
The ATTO ExpressPCI PSC SCSI adapter
50-pin Internal 8-bit
“A” Cable Connector
68-pin External
16-bit High Density
Cable Connector
PCI 2.1 Compliant
Connector
68-pin Internal 16-bit
“P” Cable Connector
Dedicated 3rd Generation
RISC Based UltraSCSI
Processor
The ATTO ExpressPCI DC SCSI adapter
Channel 1: 68-pin
Connector
Channel 2: 68-pin
VHDCI Connector
Channel 1: 68-pin
VHDCI Connector
Channel 2: 68-pin
Connector
6
3.1 Determining cabling and termination
Cables and devices must be chosen to maximize performance and minimize the electrical noise from the high-speed data transfers available with the SCSI protocol. Cabling and termination methods become important considerations for proper performance. SCSI cables and devices are subject to specific length and number limitations to deal with electrical problems that arise at increased operating speeds.
Cable types
Single-ended and differential SCSI host adapters use the same cables. Use high-quality cables rated for the type of SCSI transfers required: wellinsulated SCSI cables ensure error free communications. Try to keep cable lengths as short as possible to ensure higher signal quality and performance.
Examples
The SCSI specification limits total bus cable length for Single-Ended SCSI in a non-UltraSCSI environment to 3 meters (combined length of both internal and external cable lengths).
In an UltraSCSI workgroup environment with a 7drive tower, you are limited to 1.5 meters between the host and the tower, including the cabling for the tower. If the 7-drive tower requires 1 meter of cabling to connect all of its drives, the distance from the tower to the host must be .5 meters.
NOTE UltraSCSI is very sensitive to SCSI bus noise, cable distances and the number of devices connected on the SCSI bus. Carefully connect your devices when working with UltraSCSI.
Exhibit 3.1-1 Various types of SCSI require different bus lengths to support a certain number of devices.
STA terms
Fast SCSI
Fast/WIDE SCSI
UltraSCSI
UltraSCSI
Ultra/WIDE SCSI
Ultra/WIDE SCSI
Ultra/WIDE SCSI
Ultra2 SCSI
Ultra2/WIDE SCSI
40
40
40
80
80
10
20
20
20
Bus speed
MB/sec. max.
Bus width bits
Max. bus lengths, meters
Single-ended Differential LVD
8
16
8
8
3
3
1.5
3
25
25
25 n/a
12
12
12 n/a
16
16
16
16
16 n/a
1.5
3 n/a n/a
25 n/a n/a n/a n/a
12 n/a n/a
12
12
Connectors
ATTO ExpressPCI PSC:
one industry standard 68pin “P” (16-bit) and one 50-pin (8-bit) cable connector for internal device connections and one
68-pin “P” (16-bit) cable connector for external device connections.
ATTO ExpressPCI DC:
two industry standard 68pin “P” (16-bit) cable connectors for internal
Max. device support
16
8
4
8
16
8
16
8
4 device connections and two 68-pin “P” (16-bit)
VHDCI (Very High Density Cabled Interconnect) cable connectors for external device connections.
NOTE When installing SCSI devices on the ATTO
ExpressPCI PSC, use any two SCSI ports on your ATTO
ExpressPCI SCSI adapter, but not all three. Use all four channels on the ATTO ExpressPCI DC.
7 ATTO Technology ExpressPCI Ultra/WIDE SCSI Host Adapters Installation and Operation Manual
Connection considerations
If using a combination of Wide 16-bit devices and
Narrow 8-bit devices on the same connector,
Wide devices must be connected first (closest to the connector), followed by the Narrow devices.
Please refer to the documentation you received with your SCSI devices to determine if your device is Wide or Narrow.
Exhibit 3.1-2 Several types of internal and external cable connectors.
Termination
The SCSI bus is a chain of SCSI devices. The devices at both ends of any SCSI chain must be terminated for the SCSI bus to function correctly.
A SCSI device chain can be configured in three different ways: internal, external and an internal/external SCSI device chain.
The ATTO ExpressPCI SCSI adapter is a SCSI device and may require termination depending upon the configuration. Be sure to use the correct terminator. Single-Ended, Low Voltage
Differential and Differential SCSI buses use different types of terminators that should not be mixed.
Single-Ended ATTO ExpressPCI PSC/DC
incorporates advanced termination circuitry to automatically configure its own termination.
Exhibit 3.1-3 Two LEDs on the top edge of the ATTO
ExpressPCI PSC/DC provide feedback on its automatic termination setting.
LED1
(Low Term)
On
Off
Off
LED 2
(High Term)
On
Off
On
ATTO ExpressPCI-PSC termination
All 16 data bits terminated
No termination
Upper 8 bits terminated
You should not have to manually adjust the termination of your adapter unless you a narrow
(8 bit) device attached to the external port AND a wide (16 bit) device attached to the internal port of your ATTO ExpressPCI PSC/DC OR if you attached a narrow (8 bit) device to the internal
WIDE (16 bit) connector and a WIDE (16 bit) device to the external port. You must manually terminate the adapter using ATTO ExpressPCI
Utilities program with the termination option set to Upper.
The ATTO ExpressPCI SCSI adapter only controls its own termination. You must terminate the last device of both the internal SCSI chain and the external SCSI chain.
8
To set up cabling and termination:
1 Determine whether your ATTO Express PCI adapter is a single channel or dual channel model. One external connector indicates a single channel host adapter; two external connectors indicate a dual channel host adapter.
2 Determine if SCSI devices will be installed internally or externally.
Total bus cable length,
varies by host adapter and
type of attached devices. Refer to Exhibit 3.1-1
for details on maximum cable length.
If you combine Wide 16-bit and Narrow 8-bit devices on the same connector,
connect the
Wide devices first (closest to the connector).
Exhibit 3.1-4 Please refer to the documentation for your SCSI devices to determine they are Wide or Narrow.
Internal
Connection
Wide Device not used
Wide Device
Narrow Device not used
Narrow Device
Wide Device
Narrow Device
External
Connection
Wide Device
Wide Device not used not used
Narrow Device
Wide Device
Narrow Device
Narrow Device
Termination
Selection
None
Full
Full
Full
Full
Upper
Upper
Upper
3 Determine which terminator to use
Use an LVD terminator if you are only using LVD devices.
Although you can use a Single-Ended terminator, all devices will be limited to Ultra
SCSI speeds. Single-Ended devices require a
Single-Ended terminator. If you use an LVD terminator with Single-Ended devices, the system may hang or devices may not be seen on the SCSI bus. Some termination manufacturers provide automatically sensing terminators.
External terminators should be attached to the last external device in the SCSI chain.
Don’t use any other termination on the external SCSI chain.
The last device on an internal SCSI chain should also be terminated. This can be done in several ways. Many Single-Ended Ultra SCSI and earlier devices provide a jumper setting for applying termination: place a jumper over the pins designated for termination on the last device on the internal cable. Check with your drive manufacturer if you are not sure which pins to use.
Wide (16-bit) and Narrow (8-bit) devices
can be connected together on the same connector of the host adapter card, but wide devices must be attached first, followed by narrow devices.
To terminate the SCSI bus, the cable or adapter used to convert from a wide (68-pin) connector to a narrow (50-pin) connector provides partial termination, allowing upper 8-bits (or byte) of the wide SCSI bus to be properly terminated. A narrow terminator should be used on the last narrow device to terminate the rest of the SCSI bus. A SCSI bus without partial termination between the wide and narrow devices may at first appear to work correctly, but occasional I/O errors will occur without proper termination.
NOTE If you use both internal and external connectors and mix Single-Ended and LVD devices on the same bus, even if using different connectors, the host adapter card will operate with Single-Ended signaling at UltraSCSI speeds.
Automatic termination:
when both internal and external connectors are used, the host adapter card detects the presence of devices and turns off termination. If devices are removed from one connector of the card, the host adapter will automatically detect the change and enable its own termination.
Software controlled termination:
You may have to override the host adapter’s automatic termination if only narrow devices are attached to one connector and wide devices are attached to the other connector on the same bus. The host adapter must supply partial termination to the upper 8-bits (byte), but it will not do so automatically. Please refer to your ExpressPCI
Utilities manual to set the host adapter’s termination to Upper Byte.
9 ATTO Technology ExpressPCI Ultra/WIDE SCSI Host Adapters Installation and Operation Manual
Termination power:
host adapters supply termination power to the bus at all times and many
SCSI devices are also able to supply termination power. SCSI signal quality, particularly with long or marginal quality cables, may be improved if the device supplies the termination power. Contact your device manufacturer for more information on your device’s ability to supply termination power.
10
3.2 Installing and Updating Device Drivers
After installing the ATTO ExpressPCI host adapter, you must configure your system to recognize and use it by installing drivers for your operating system. If you already have one or more ExpressPCI adapters installed and you are installing additional adapter(s), you do NOT need to perform any of these procedures unless you are updating a previously installed driver.
Windows Server 2003 & Windows 2000/XP
To install or upgrade the ExpressPCI driver
1
Log on to Windows as the system administrator.
2
Insert your ExpressPCI Installation Disk
3
Run Setup.exe
4
Click Install
5
Follow the instructions to complete the installation.
To add drivers to an existing Windows installation if you are NOT replacing the adapter to which the boot disk drive is attached.
NOTE Complete this installation procedure before attaching any devices to the adapter. If another driver has been loaded before the ExpressPCI driver is loaded and you are using ATTO striping, you may experience data corruption.
1
Log on to Windows as the system administrator.
2
Insert your ExpressPCI Installation Disk
3
Run Setup.exe
4
Click Install
5
Follow the instructions to complete the installation.
6
Shut down Windows when the Setup window prompts you to do so.
7
Install your ExpressPCI adapter into an available PCI expansion slot.
8
Restart Windows. Windows should detect your
ExpressPCI adapter.
9
Windows Server 2003/XP: Insert the
ExpressPCI Installation disk when prompted ...............................................................
Windows 2000: The Found New Hardware
Wizard will appear: proceed through the wizard defaults and insert the ExpressPCI Installation disk when prompted.
10 When adapter installation is complete, the
Found New Hardware Wizard will appear showing an ATTO Phantom Device for each channel. Proceed through the wizard with the default settings to complete the installation.
To add support to an existing Windows installation if you ARE replacing the adapter to which the boot disk drive is attached
1
Log on to Windows as the system administrator.
2
Insert your ExpressPCI Installation Disk
3
Run Setup.exe
4
Click Install
5
Follow the instructions to complete the installation
6
Leaving the existing adapter in the system with the devices attached, shut down Windows
7
Attach the desired devices from your previous adapter to the ExpressPCI adapter and, if desired, remove the previous adapter.
8
Restart Windows.
To install a new copy of Windows onto a SCSI disk attached to the ExpressPCI adapter.
1
Start Windows text mode setup as per the instructions provided with Windows.
2
When the first blue window, Windows Setup, appears, press F6. The setup program will display a prompt in the status window on the bottom left of the monitor. Setup will continue to load files
3
At the new window with instructions to specify additional mass storage devices, press S.
4
Insert the ExpressPCI installation disk in drive
A: and press Enter.
5
At the screen from which you would normally select a driver, a list of ExpressPCI adapters should appear. Select your adapter and press
Enter.
6
Windows Setup will load the files from the disk.
7
ATTO ExpressPCI device should now be listed as detected in the screen which appears.
8
Repeat steps 3-7 for any other vendor-supplied driver installation disks.
11 ATTO Technology ExpressPCI Ultra/WIDE SCSI Host Adapters Installation and Operation Manual
9
After all other drivers have been processed, press Enter and proceed with the rest of the
Windows Installation procedure.
NOTE When Windows begins copying files to your hard disk, you will again be prompted to insert the ExpressPCI installation disk and any other vendor-supplied disks you used during custom installation. This is normal. The first time you inserted the disks, Windows loaded the drivers into memory; the second time, Windows copied the driver to the hard disk.
Windows NT Installation
To install/upgrade the Windows NT driver
1
Log on to Windows as the system administrator.
2
Open the SCSI Adapters applet in the Control
Panel
3
Click on Drivers tab.
4
Click Add...
5
Click Have Disk...
6
Insert your ExpressPCI Installation Disk
7
Enter the path for it under Copy manufacturer’s
files from
8
Click OK
9
A list of ExpressPCI adapters will be displayed.
Select your adapter and click OK.
10 Windows will install the necessary files and prompt you to restart Windows.
11 Restart Windows to complete the ExpressPCI installation.
To add a driver to an existing Windows installation when you are NOT replacing the adapter to which the boot disk drive is attached.
1
Install the ExpressPCI adapter into an available
PCI expansion slot.
2
Log on to Windows as the system administrator.
3
Open the SCSI Adapters applet in the Control
Panel
4
Click on Drivers tab.
5
Click Add...
6
Click Have Disk...
7
Insert your ExpressPCI Installation Disk
8
Enter the path for it under Copy manufacturer’s
files from
9
Click OK
10 A list of ExpressPCI adapters will be displayed.
Select your adapter and click OK
11 Windows will install the necessary files and prompt you to restart Windows.
12 Restart Windows to complete the ExpressPCI installation.
To add a driver for your ExpressPCI adapter to an existing Windows installation if you ARE replacing the adapter to which the boot disk drive is attached
1
Insert the adapter into an available PCI expansion slot, but DO NOT remove the existing adapter or disconnect devices from it.
2
Log on to Windows as the system administrator.
3
Open the SCSI Adapters applet in the Control
Panel
4
Click on Drivers tab.
5
Click Add...
6
Click Have Disk...
7
Insert your ExpressPCI Installation Disk
8
Enter the path for it under Copy manufacturer’s
files from
9
Click OK
10 A list of ExpressPCI adapters will be displayed.
Select your adapter and click OK
11 Windows will install the necessary files and prompt you to restart Windows.
12 Restart Windows to complete the ExpressPCI installation.
13 Shut down Windows, attach the desired devices from your previous adapter to the
ExpressPCI adapter and, if desired, remove the previous adapter.
14 Restart Windows.
15 If you removed the previous adapter, you will see messages stating that one or more services did not start, suggesting that you look in the system log. To avoid receiving these messages on subsequent system startup attempts, use the SCSI Adapters applet in the
Control Panel to remove the driver for the previous adapter.
12
To install a new copy of Windows NT onto a
SCSI disk attached to your ExpressPCI adapter.
1
Start Windows NT text mode setup as per the instructions provided with Windows NT.
2
Press F6 when the first blue window, Windows
NT Setup, appears. Setup will continue to load files.
3
After loading the setup files, you will be given several choices. Press Enter to install
Windows.
4
From the list of devices detected by Windows, press S.
5
Choose Other to install the ExpressPCI driver and any other drivers for which you have OEMsupplied installation disks.
6
Insert the ExpressPCI installation diskette in drive A:
7
Press Enter
8
Windows should load the driver, detect the presence of the ExpressPCI adapter, then return to the screen of step 3. The ExpressPCI driver should now be included in the list of devices. Repeat steps 3 - 8 for any other vendor-supplied driver installation disks.
9
After all other drivers have been processed, press Enter and proceed with the rest of the
Windows Installation procedure.
NOTE When Windows begins copying files to your hard disk, you will be prompted to insert the ExpressPCI installation disk and any other vendor-supplied disks you used during custom installation. This is normal. The first time you inserted the disks, Windows loaded the drivers into memory; the second time, Windows copied the driver to the hard disk.
Re-flashing Firmware in Windows
ATTO typically releases adapter firmware and drivers simultaneously. We recommend that both the firmware and drivers be updated to ensure proper operation.
To re-flash the firmware to the latest version:
1
Obtain the latest firmware from the ATTO web site
www.attotech.com
.
2
Extract the firmware to a floppy disk by executing the self-extracting file.
3
Reboot the PC.
4
An ATTO Technology banner will announce that the host adapter was detected. Enter Control-Z when prompted to begin the setup utility.
5
Select the Upgrade Flash ROM option and insert the disk into the drive slot.
6
Follow the on-line instructions.
7
Remove the disk and reboot the PC.
NOTE Firmware must be loaded from a floppy or from the internal hard drive because the CD-ROM drivers are not loaded at this point in the system boot process.
To re-flash the firmware to the latest version for Ultra320 adapters:
The ATTO ExpressPCI Configuration Tool, available on the ATTO web site, www.attotech.com/software/index.html, will verify drivers and firmware versions and attempt to flash. Instructions for using this utility are provided as part of the download process.
Linux and Sun Solaris Driver Installation
ATTO offers Linux and Sun Solaris drivers which are compatible with the ExpressPCI host adapters.
A complete download package, including all necessary installation instructions, is available on the ExpressPCI Utilities CD-ROM or directly from the ATTO Technology web site, www.attotech.com. Please refer to these documents for installation instructions.
13 ATTO Technology ExpressPCI Ultra/WIDE SCSI Host Adapters Installation and Operation Manual
Updating Drivers and Re-flashing Firmware in Mac OS X
Mac OS X drivers, including installer packages, can be downloaded directly from the ATTO web site, www.attotech.com. The driver installers will automatically unionist existing drivers and properly install the new drivers on your system.
After installing, the new adapter driver you will need to update the firmware.
The ATTO ExpressPCI Configuration Tool, available on the ATTO web site, www.attotech.com/software/index.html, will verify drivers and firmware versions and attempt to flash. Instructions for using this utility are provided as part of the download process.
Updating Drivers and Re-flashing Firmware in Mac OS 9
To re-flash the firmware to the latest version:
1
Obtain the latest firmware and updater program from the ATTO web site www.attotech.com and download to your host.
2
Create a folder or drive where you want the program files to be placed.
3
Using a compression utility capable of handling
hqx files, extract the files by clicking Save.
4
Open the program file folder and click on the
ExpressPCI Updater program.
5
Select the appropriate option and hit Enter.
6
A message will inform you which ExpressPCI cards were updated.
7
Type Q to quit.
8
Re-boot the Macintosh system.
14
4 Maximizing Performance with your ExpressPCI HBA
If you are getting less performance than you expect, there are several things you can do such as making sure you are using the latest ATTO driver, setting the registry entry for large block transfers, using ATTO
ExpressRAID for setting up RAID groups, increasing transfer size, and analyzing your system’s I/Os.
While the factory settings on your ExpressPCI host adapter should provide excellent performance for a wide range of applications, you may improve performance by modifying some of the system factors which affect your ExpressPCI host adapter.
For example, the ATTO driver can transfer well over a megabyte with one SCSI command.
NOTE You must use an ATTO driver when using ATTO
ExpressRAID software.
Use the latest ATTO driver
Determine which drive is currently in use, then install the latest ATTO driver found at www.attotech.com.
Windows NT
1
Open My Computer
2
Open Control Panel
3
Open SCSI Adapters
4
Examine the Driver tab for your SCSI
adapter. If the driver is not express.sys,
install the express.sys driver.
5 Either remove the previously-installed driver or disable it using the Devices applet.
If the system has a built in Symbios or LSI adapter, do not disable the driver for that adapter.
Windows 2000 and XP
1
Using the Device Manager, select SCSI &
RAID Controllers
2
Examine the Driver tab for your SCSI
adapter. If the driver is not express.sys,
install the express.sys driver.
3 Either remove the previously-installed driver or disable it using the Devices applet.
If the system has a built in Symbios or LSI adapter, do not disable the driver for that adapter.
Set registry for large block transfers
If your application requires large block transfers, set the registry entry correctly for the
MaximumSGList keyword. Several files supplied with the device driver download package can set this value to any one of the following sizes: 64Kb,
128KB, 256Kb, 512KB, 1MB and NT default
(64KB). The files are ASCII text files and can be viewed with any suitable editor. The files also explain the registry setting and how to change the setting.
The ExpressPCI adapter can have a maximum transfer size from 64KB to 1MB. If the registry value is set to a number higher than 0xff, the driver will reduce the setting to 0xff. The driver installation process will set the default value to
0xff.
Set up RAID groups with ATTO
ExpressRAID
Instead of using the RAID functionality built into
Windows OS, use the ATTO ExpressRAID software for the most efficient performance.
ATTO ExpressRAID requires one less level of driver through which commands must pass and fewer commands are required to pass through the driver hierarchy.
Other advantages of ATTO ExpressRAID striping:
❖
❖
❖
You can boot your system off striped drives
Stripe sets created with ExpressRAID are recognizable by DOS and Windows
You can stripe removable-media drives with
ExpressRAID.
If you have purchased the striping option, additional information about ExpressRAID is
15 ATTO Technology ExpressPCI Ultra/WIDE SCSI Host Adapters Installation and Operation Manual
available in the file Stripe.txt on the CD which has been included with your ATTO ExpressPCI adapters.
Increase transfer size
If you are writing to an application that uses a lot of sequential disk I/O to a contiguous area on disk, you should use as large a transfer size as possible to reduce overhead on the system, on the
SCSI bus and within disk drives.
Analyze your I/Os
For large sequential data transfers, use Direct I/O by selecting FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH and FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING flags with your CreateFile call to avoid the overhead of copying data from one area of memory to another, to reduce the number of SCSI commands which must be executed and to leave system pages available for other data.
If your application requires a small number of
I/Os and the transfers are rather small, however, you may get better performance by letting the system cache your data in the system pages.
You might want to use over-lapped I/O using the
FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED option with the
CreateFile call. Overlapped I/O allows the application to send many commands to the device at once.
The ATTO Disk Benchmark program, included with the ExpressPCI Utilities on the CD shipped with your ExpressPCI adapter, shows the effect of using the above I/O modes.
❖
If you turn off Direct I/O and set the file size to a value significantly less than the amount of memory in your computer, you will get some artificially high transfer rates because very little I/O is actually being performed by the SCSI device: all the activity is involved in transferring data between the application and the system pages.
❖
As you increase the file size to a value more than the amount of memory in your computer, you will see marked performance degradation.
❖
If you turn on Direct I/O, you can see the effect of removing the system pages from the overhead picture.
❖
If you use overlapped I/O, you will see performance improvements in the low to medium transfer sizes.
❖
However, depending on the amount of memory in your computer, you may not be able to use queue depths greater than 4 or 5.
16
5 Troubleshooting
This chapter contains solutions for the most common problems you might encounter. If you need additional assistance, please refer to the ATTO Technology web site (www.attotech.com) or contact an
ATTO Technology authorized representative.
9
Check each cable connection on every device.
Verify all cables are in proper working condition.
Loose or broken cables are often the cause of errors or problems.
9
Check that your SCSI devices are plugged into an AC outlet and are turned on before you add power to your computer.
9
Verity that all devices and busses are properly
terminated. See Chapter 3.1 for more
information.
9
Verify that all devices attached to the ATTO
ExpressPCI SCSI adapter have unique SCSI IDs.
ATTO ExpressPCI SCSI adapters have a default
SCSI ID of 7.
9
9
9
If the same device shows up at several different SCSI IDs, either its SCSI ID is set the same as the ATTO ExpressPCI SCSI ID, or the cable is defective.
If a device doesn’t appear and cables and termination are set properly, try lengthening the
SCSI Reset Delay using the ExpressPCI Utilities found on the CD that came with your host adapter.
PC users should make sure that SCSI adapter firmware and Windows drivers are at the same revision level. Unless indicated otherwise, the latest drivers and firmware can be downloaded from the ATTO Technology website
(www.attotech.com)
17 ATTO Technology ExpressPCI Ultra/WIDE SCSI Host Adapters Installation and Operation Manual
18
Appendix A Standards and compliances
The equipment described in this manual generates and uses radio frequency energy. The Technical
Specification sheet for a particular ATTO ExpressPCI host bus adapter list certifications for that model.
FCC standards: radio and television interference
WARNING This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a
Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
❖
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna
❖
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver
❖
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected
❖
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help
Canadian standards
This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
European standards
Declaration of Conformity
This following statement applies to the ATTO Express PCI host bus adapter.
This device has been tested in the basic operating configuration and found to be compliant with the following European Union standards:
Application of Council Directive: 89/336/EEC
Standard(s) to which conformity is declared: EN55024:1998
This Declaration will only be valid when this product is used in conjunction with other CE approved devices and when the entire system is tested to the applicable CE standards and found to be compliant.
Usage restrictions
The use of optical instruments with this product will increase eye hazard.
The multimode transceiver (ATTO Express PCI FC 3300 only) is a Class 1 laser product complying with
IEC 825-1 and FDA-21 CFR 1040.11. To meet laser safety requirements, the transceiver shall be operated within the maximum ratings. The laser is non-OFC compliant as it is a Class 1 device.
The optical ports of the modules must be terminated with an optical connector or with a dust plug.
CAUTION Failure to adhere to the above restrictions could result in a modification that is considered an act of
“manufacturing” and will require, under law, recertification of the modified product with the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (ref. 21 CFR 1040.10(i)).
i ATTO Technology ExpressPCI Ultra/WIDE SCSI Host Adapters Installation and Operation Manual
Appendix B SCSI host adapter selection guide
ATTO Technology offers a number of SCSI and Fibre Channel solutions for storage. The following chart compares the features of ExpressPCI SCSI host adapters.
Supported platforms: Sun Solaris; Linux; NetWare; SCO Unix; Windows 2000, 95/98, NT, and Macintosh
OS and OS X.
Complete RAID packages are also available and include an ExpressPCI SCSI host adapter, ExpressRAID software and appropriate cable(s). Add "-KIT" suffix to host adapter product code (i.e. EPCI-UL3D-KIT)
Specific features
Single Channel
ExpressPCI Ultra 320 Express PCI Ultra 3
320 MB/sec 160 MB/sec.
Express PCI Ultra
Wide
40 MB/sec.
Max. transfer rate
LVD
HVD
64-bit
32-bit
33/66 MHZ
133 MHZ
Bus ID support
Part number
30
EPCI-UL4S
30
EPCI-UL3S
15
EPCI-PSC
Dual Channel--- 2 independent channels
ExpressPCI Ultra 320 Express PCI Ultra 3
640 MB/sec 320 MB/sec.
Max. transfer rate
LVD
64-bit
32-bit
33/66 MHZ
133 MHZ
Bus ID support
Part number
30
EPCI-UL4S
30
EPCI-UL3D
ii
Appendix C Fibre Channel host adapter guide
ATTO Technology offers a number of SCSI and Fibre Channel solutions for storage. The following chart compares the features of ExpressPCI Fibre Channel host adapters.
Supported platforms: Sun Solaris; Linux; NetWare; SCO Unix; Windows 2000, 95/98, NT, and Macintosh
OS and OS X.
Complete RAID packages are also available and include an ExpressPCI SCSI host adapter, ExpressRAID software and appropriate cable(s). Add "-KIT" suffix to host adapter product code (i.e. EPCI-UL3D-KIT)
ExpressPCI
FCSW
Express PCI
FC 2600
ExpressPCI
FC 3300
ExpressPCI
FC 3321
Express PCI
FC 3305
Fibre Channel ports
Optical interface
1
Fixed SW SC
1 1
Fixed SW LC
2
Fixed SW LC
1
Copper interface
Max. transfer rate 200 MB/sec.
full duplex
HSSDC
200 MB/sec. full duplex
400 MB/sec. full duplex
HSSDC
400 MB/sec. full duplex
Class 2 transfers
Class 3 transfers
Full duplex
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
400 MB/sec. per channel full duplex
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
66 MHz backward compatible with 33
MHz
64- and 32-bit PCI support
Windows
®
XP/2000/NT;
Windows 95/98;
Linux and
Macintosh® OS,
OS X
RAID support
Max. cable length
7
7
7
500 m
7
7
7
25 m
(175 m with MIA)
7
7
7
500 m
7
7
7
500 m
7
7
7
25 m
(175 m with MIA)
Part number EPCI-FCSW-000 EPCI-2600-000 EPCI-3300-000 EPCI-3321-000 EPCI-3305-000
Complete RAID packages are also available. To receive the ATTO ExpressPCI host adapter, ExpressRAID software and appropriate cable(s), add “-KIT” to host adapter product code (i.e., EPCI-2600-000-KIT) when ordering.
iii ATTO Technology ExpressPCI Ultra/WIDE SCSI Host Adapters Installation and Operation Manual
Appendix D Contact ATTO Technology, Inc.
Customer service, sales information and technical support are available by phone Monday through Friday,
Eastern Standard Time 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., or by e-mail and web site 24-hours a day.
ATTO Technology, Inc.
155 CrossPoint Parkway
Amherst, New York 14068
(716) 691-1999 • voice
(716) 691-9353 • fax http://www.attotech.com
ATTO Technology can also be reached via e-mail at the following addresses:
Sales Support: [email protected]
Technical Support: [email protected]
iv
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