probe selection guide

PROBE SELECTION GUIDE
by Massimiliano De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
last update 03/07/2011
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
SI Sistema Internazionale
Gray
Sievert
Becquerel
Unita USA
Roentgen
Rad
(radiation absorbed dose)
Rem
(Roentgen equivalent man)
Curie
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
GRANDEZZE DOSIMETRICHE
abbreviazione
Usato per misurare
Gy
- dose assorbita (equivalente al rad)
- 1Gy = ! joule per Kg di materia
- 1 Gy = 100 rad
Sv
- dose equivalente (equivalente al rem)
- 1 Sv = Gy x Q
- 1 Sv = 100 rem
Bq
- radioattività (equivalente al Ci)
- 1 Bq = 1 disintegrazione/secondo
- 3,7x1010 Bq = 37 billion Bq = 1 Ci
Un piccolo esempio per comprendere la differenza
fra le varie unità di misura:
Immagina di essere sotto la pioggia,
la quantità di pioggia caduta si misura in Becquerel,
la quantità di pioggia che colpisce è misurata in Gray,
quanto è umido sul corpo è misurato in Sievert.
Vedi sito http://www.darvill.clara.net/nucrad/units.htm
abbreviazione
Usato per misurare
R
- esposizione (obsoleta)
- misura la quantità di ionizzazione in aria
- 1 R = 2,58x10-4 coulomb x Kg di aria secca
rad
- dose assorbita di energia da qualsiasi materiale
rem
Ci
- 1 rad = 100 erg per grammo di materia
- dose equivalente a danno biologico in tessuto umano
- rem = rad x Q (fattore di qualità)
- Q = 1 raggi X , fino a 20 per neutroni o alfa
- radioattività
- 1 Bq = 1 disintegrazione/secondo
- 1 Ci quantità di materia che emette 3,7x10 10 dis/sec
SPESSORE DI ATTENUAZIONE AD UN DECIMO PER DIVERSI NUCLIDI/MATERIALI
Vetro al
Calcestruzzo
materiale
piombo
Ferro
calcestruzzo
mattoni
Piombo
al Bario
Densità in
11,34
Variabile, Ρ
7,8
3,2
2,3
1,4
g/cm3
Co 60
4 cm
47/Ρ cm
7 cm
16 cm
22 cm
36 cm
Cs 137
2,1 cm
32/Ρ cm
5,5 cm
12 cm
17 cm
28 cm
Ir 192
1,7 cm
25/Ρ cm
4,5 cm
10 cm
14 cm
23 cm
“Legge dell'inverso dei quadrati della distanza”
esempio: misuriamo 10 millirem/ora a 10 cm dalla sorgente , la misura a 20 cm di distanza sarà 2,5 millirem/ora
calcolando la dose a 20 cm = 10 mrem/hr x (10 cm/20 cm)2 = 2.5 mrem/hr
quindi piccoli cambiamenti di distanza dalla sorgente corrispondono in grandi cambiamenti dell'intensità di esposizione
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 2 di 35
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
Tipo
simbolo
massa atomica
carica
velocità
capacità ioniz.
range in aria
range in tessuto
fermato da
radiazione
Alpha
TIPI DI RADIAZIONE
Alpha
Beta
α
β
4
1/1840
+2
-1 o +1
bassa
alta
alta
media
3 cm
3m
0,04 mm
5 mm
Foglio carta mm alluminio
Raggi X e
Gamma
Gamma
γ
0
0
vel. Luce
0
elevato
elevato
cm piombo
EFFETTO DEI VARI TIPI DI RADIAZIONE
processo
effetto
Collisioni inelastiche con gli
Eccitazione e ionizzazione
elettroni legati
Coll. Inel. Elettr. Atomici
Beta
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
frenamento nel campo
nucleare
Effetto fotoelettrico
Effetto Compton
Eccitazione e ionizzazione
Emissioni Bremsstrahlung
Fotone tot. Assorbito
Fotone parz. Assorbito
Produzione di Coppie
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 3 di 35
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
Radioisotope
Half-Life
Sodium-22
2.6 yr
Iron-55
2.7 yr
Cobalt-57
Significant Radiations
0.54 MeV positron; 0.51
and 1.27 MeV gammas De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
Comments
high beta and gamma dose rates
Various low energy x-rays does not present a significant external
and Auger electrons (<6 hazard
keV) 271.8 days Gammas (< than 0.13
MeV)
Cobalt-60
5.3 yr
0.31 MeV beta; 1.17 and
1.33 MeV gammas
high beta and gamma dose rates
Nickel-63
100 yr
0.066 MeV beta
does not present a significant external
hazard
Strontium-90
Cesium-137
Polonium210
Radium-226
29.1 yr
30.1 yr
Beta dose rate
at 30 cm from
source*
(millirem/hr per
millicurie)
Gamma dose
rate
at 30 cm from
source
(millirem/hr per
millicurie)
Sodium-22
370 13.3 Cobalt-57
0
0.94 Cobalt-60
48 14,4
Strontium-90
740
0
Cesium-137
777
4.1 Radioisotope
0.54 MeV beta from Sr-90; decays to short-lived Y-90; very high
2.26 MeV beta from Y-90 beta dose rates
0.51 MeV beta; 0.661
gamma from Ba-133m
138.4 days 5.3 MeV alpha
decays to short-lived Ba-133m
does not present a significant external
hazard
1600 yr
4.8 MeV alpha; various
decays to Rn-222, with a long decay
alphas, betas and
chain following gammas from decay
Americium432.7 yr products
5.6 MeV alpha; various
decays to long-lived Np-237, decaying
241
alphas, betas and
in turn to Pa-233 and U-233. Alpha
gammas from decay
emissions are the greatest concern.
products
vedi sito http://www.ehs.washington.edu/rsotrain/sealedsources/workingsafely.shtm
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 4 di 35
Americium-241
0
0,56
*Keep in mind that the annual skin dose limit is
50,000 mrem. Working for extended periods in close
proximity with certain radioisotopes can lead to
large doses.
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
Nuclear Radiation Detectors
Detection method
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
Scheme of detection of energetic charged particles
Detector type
Detection medium
Ionization Chambers
Gases
Semi-conductors
Detection of Free Charge
Carriers
Di S.S. Kapoor,V. Ramamurthy
Si Ge
Condensed forms of noble elements
Proportional counters
Gases
Liquids of noble elements
Geiger-Muller counters
Gases
and Avalanche counter
Scintillation Detectors
Organic Liquids and plastic
Light Sensing
Detection of free Charge
Carriers + Light sensing
Noble elements
Cerenkov Detectors
Gases, Trasparent liquids and solids
Hybrid Detectors
Gases, and liquids of noble elements
(Argon, Xenon)
Track Etch Detector
Track Visualization
Inorganic Crystals
Minirals
Glass
Plastic
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 5 di 35
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
Lista (non esaustiva) dei materiali usati nei sistemi di rivelazione a scintillazione
Bi4Ge3O12
Bismuth Germanate
CaF2
Calcium Fluoride
CaF2(Eu)
Europium doped Calcium Fluoride
CdWO4
Cadmium Tungstate
CsI
Caesium Iodide
CsI(Na)
Sodium doped Caesium Iodide
CsI(Tl)
Thallium doped Caesium Iodide
KBr
Potassium Bromide
KCl
Potassium Chloride
KI
Potassium Iodide
LiF
Lithium Fluoride
NaCl
Sodium Chloride
NaI
Sodium Iodide
NaI(Tl)
Thallium doped Sodium Iodide
RbCl
Rubidium Chloride
ZnWO4
Zinc Tungstate
BaF2
Barium Fluoride
BrilLanCe 350
Cerium doped Lanthanum Chloride (LaCl3)
Lithium Glass Scintillators
Cerium activated lithium silicate glass scintillators
YAG(Ce)
Cerium doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet BGO
Bismuth Germanate
BrilLanCe 380
Cerium doped Lanthanum Bromide (LaBr3) CsI(pure)
Undoped Cesium Iodide
Fibers
Plastic Scintillating, Wavelength-shifting, Light Transmitting, and Fluorescent Fibers
NaI(Tl)
Thallium doped Sodium Iodide NaI(Tl) and Polyscin® NaI(Tl) Scintillation Material
PreLude 420
Cerium doped lutetium based (LYSO) last update 03/07/2011 pagina 6 di 35
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
Lista (non esaustiva) dei più comuni gas usati nei rivelatori Geiger Muller
E drift vel
cm/µs
Electric field
V*cm-1*torr-1
0,4
0,8
29,1
10
1
C2H4
28
0,5
1
Iso-butane
I-C4H10
26,3
2,5
1
Isobutylene
I-C4H8
26,7
Heptane
C7H16
1,4
1
Carbon Dioxide
Ar + 10% CH4
CO2
9
8
5,5
0,2
simbolo
chimico
W (eV)
Neon
Ne
36,2
Argon
Ar
26,4
Krypton
Kr
24
Xenon
21,7
Methane
Xe
CH4
Ethylene
Gas
20
schemi di collegamento tipici dei tubi geiger
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 7 di 35
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
vedi sito http://www.ludlums.com/ > support > connector type
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 8 di 35
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
LEGENDA
( CPM/mR/hr * 60min/h )
CC=______________________
0.001 R/mR
come esempio una sonda Pancake Ludlum44/9 con sensibilità 3300CPM/mR/hr
CC=(3300 x 60)/0.001 = 19.8*107cont/R sugli strumenti segnato con: cc= 19.8+07
PRODUCER
MODEL
PROBE
OPERATING
α
VOLTAGE HV
β
γ
CC
DT - tempo morto, correzione statistica, tempo di insensibilità sonda,
importante solo per alti valori di impulsi (reperibile dal costruttore)
DT us α Pu 239 - 4P
β+γ
cpm/mR/hr
Cs137
γ
Co60
PROBE
AREA cm2
superficie area sensibile
produttore
modello
tipo sonda
(Volt)
alfa beta
gamma
la sonda risponde in maniera diversa in base alla tensione di
alimentazione ed in funzione degli isotopi presenti.
nella figura 4.1 sono schematizzate le 6 regioni operative
(microsecondi)
Costante di calibrazione
A- L'EFFICIENZA DI UNA SONDA CON SORGENTI ALPHA E MAX 15%
B- EFFICIENZA BETA E' RILEVABILE CON LA SEGUENTE FORMULA:
( CPM misurati - CPM fondo )
Ef %= ________________________ * 100
DPM sorgente campione
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 9 di 35
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
OPERATING
α
VOLTAGE HV
γ
CC
MODEL
PROBE
AMPEREX
6980
HOT DOG
900
X
X
100
AMPEREX
100NB
END WINDOW
900
X
X
100
AMPEREX
120NB
END WINDOW
900
X
X
X
300
AMPEREX
1B85
HOT DOG
AMPEREX
200NB
END WINDOW
900
X
X
X
200
AMPEREX
85NB
HOT DOG
900
X
X
100
720
ANTON
114
HOT DOG
900
X
X
100
720
ANTON
6993
HOT DOG
900
X
X
100
720
BICRON
PGM
PANCAKE
900
X
X
43.2+06
DT us α Pu 239 - 4P
β+γ
cpm/mR/hr
Cs137
PRODUCER
X
β
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 10 di 35
γ Co60
720
900
12,0%
PROBE
AREA cm2
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
OPERATING
α
VOLTAGE HV
PRODUCER
MODEL
PROBE
CANBERRA
2000
PANCAKE
900
CANBERRA
2001
PANCAKE
900
CANBERRA
2006
PANCAKE
CANBERRA
2011
PANCAKE
CANBERRA
2100
CANBERRA
2106
CANBERRA
CANBERRA
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
CC
DT uS α Pu 239 - 4P
β+γ
cpm/mR/hr
Cs137
β
γ
X
X
X
50
X
X
X
50
900
X
X
X
70
3.500
900
X
X
X
90
1.500
END WINDOW
750
X
X
X
50
50
END WINDOW
900
X
X
X
70
500
2111
END WINDOW
500
X
X
X
90
1.200
2112
END WINDOW
500
X
X
X
90
1.200
CANBERRA
2121
END WINDOW
575
X
X
X
100
1.700
CANBERRA
2123
END WINDOW
900
CANBERRA
2126
END WINDOW
900
X
X
X
150
2.700
CANBERRA
2131
END WINDOW
900
X
X
X
200
1.650
CANBERRA
2135
END WINDOW
CANBERRA
2200
THIN WALL
900
X
X
100
5.275
CANBERRA
2202
THIN WALL
900
X
X
75
2.900
CANBERRA
2206
THIN WALL
900
X
X
90
635
CANBERRA
2211
THIN WALL
900
X
X
150
1.550
CANBERRA
2216
THIN WALL
900
X
X
150
4.800
CANBERRA
2300
THIN WALL
900
X
20
175
CANBERRA
2305
THIN WALL
500
X
90
1.200
CANBERRA
2306
THIN WALL
900
X
100
950
CANBERRA
2311
THIN WALL
900
X
100
1.880
CANBERRA
2314
THIN WALL
900
X
100
3.050
CANBERRA
2316
THIN WALL
900
X
100
3.950
CANBERRA
2350
THIN WALL
900
X
120
8.150
CANBERRA
2406
MINIATURE
550
X
11
19
CANBERRA
2411
MINIATURE
575
X
15
54
CANBERRA
2416
MINIATURE
575
X
28
420
CANBERRA
2420
MINIATURE
500
X
10
4
CANBERRA
2422
MINIATURE
460
X
10
1
CANBERRA
2423
MINIATURE
550
X
10
1
CANBERRA
JAN5979
MINIATURE
700
X
X
X
150
2.700
CANBERRA
JAN7616
MINIATURE
760
X
X
X
75
600
CANBERRA
P2121S
END WINDOW
900
X
X
X
100
1.700
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 11 di 35
3.500
γ Co60
PROBE
AREA cm2
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
vedi sito http://www.canberra.com/products/438339.asp
Characteristics
Sensitivity***
137Cs cpm at 1 mR/h*
Window Area Density
(mg/cm2)
Window Effective Diameter
(mm, in.)
Recommended Operating
Voltage (HV+)
Plateau Length Volts min.
Plateau Slope (%100 V max.)
Dead Time (µs max.)
Background (cpm)
Shielding 2” Pb + 1/8” Al
Resistor Ra (MΩ)
Operating Temp. (°C)
Cathode Material
Cathode Wall
Max. Overall Length including
Pins (mm, in.)
Max. Overall Diameter (mm,
in.)
Window Recess (mm, in.)
T2411M
T2416A
T2417A
T2420M
T2422
3G70/
EM14752
3G70
84
420
450
04.02.00
01.06.00
04.02.00
04.02.00
150
270
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
575
500–650
15
15
575
500–650
8
45
575
500-650
8
45
500
450–550
35
20
460
450–550
40 max.
10
460
420–500
30
25
500
450–550
30
25
550
500–600
25
35
460
420–500
25
50
2 max.
2,2 M
–40 to +75
Cr/Fe
80–100
mg/cm2
12 max.
4,7 M
–40 to +75
Cr/Fe
64–80
mg/cm2
5 max.
4,7 M
–40 to +75
Cr/Fe
64–80
mg/cm2
6 typ.
4,7 M
–51 to +71
Cr/Fe
360–400
mg/cm2
0.6 typ.
4,7 M
–20 to +60
Cr/Fe
360–400
mg/cm2
0.6 max.
4,7 M
–20 to +60
Cr/Fe
360
mg/cm2
0.6 max.
4,7 M
–20 to +60
Cr/Fe
360
mg/cm2
6 max.
4,7 M
–20 to +60
Cr/Fe
260
mg/cm2
10 max.
4,7 M
–20 to +60
Cr/Fe
280
mg/cm2
37, 1.46
51, 2.0
46, 1.82
20, 0.8
20, 0.8
34, 2.91
20, 2.36
34, 2.91
54, 3.7
6.2, 0.244
N/A
10, 0.4
N/A
9.20, 0.36
N/A
7, 0.28
N/A
7, 0.28
N/A
7, 0.28
N/A
7, 0.28
N/A
7, 0.28
N/A
7, 0.28
N/A
* An exposure of 115.07 mR in air equates to 1.0 mGy.
*** At recommended operating voltage.
The T2422 detector is equivalent to the 3G10.
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 12 di 35
4G60M/
EM14754
4G60M
4G2500/
EM14749
4G2500
3G6500/
EM14748
3G6500
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
PRODUCER
MODEL
CENTRONIC
B12H
CENTRONIC
B12H/FL
CENTRONIC
B6H
CENTRONIC
CENTRONIC
PROBE
OPERATING
α
VOLTAGE HV
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
γ
370
X
X
5.600
650
X
X
5.600
B6TS
370
X
X
C1300
500
X
X
7
CENTRONIC
C300
500
X
X
11
CENTRONIC
C301
500
X
7
CENTRONIC
M2H
CENTRONIC
M6H/100
CENTRONIC
CENTRONIC
ZP1200
ZP1201
CENTRONIC
CENTRONIC
THIN WALL
500
CC
DT uS α Pu 239 - 4P
β+γ
cpm/mR/hr
Cs137
β
2.000
90
400
X
70
ZP1202
400
X
110
ZP1206
450
X
70
CENTRONIC
ZP1210
400
X
200
CENTRONIC
ZP1211/02
400
X
200
CENTRONIC
ZP121221
CENTRONIC
ZP1220
400
X
210
CENTRONIC
ZP1220/01
400
X
210
CENTRONIC
ZP1220/EC
400
X
210
CENTRONIC
ZP1221
500
X
210
CENTRONIC
ZP1221/01
400
X
210
CENTRONIC
ZP1221/02
400
X
210
CENTRONIC
ZP1300
CENTRONIC
ZP1301
500
X
13
CENTRONIC
ZP1302
500
X
13
CENTRONIC
ZP1304
500
X
13
CENTRONIC
ZP1310
CENTRONIC
ZP1313
500
CENTRONIC
ZP1314
500
CENTRONIC
ZP1320
500
CENTRONIC
ZP1320
CENTRONIC
ZP1321
500
X
55
CENTRONIC
ZP1324
500
X
55
THIN WALL
THIN WALL
THIN WALL
550
11
575
15
X
X
15
X
15
X
45
900
100
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 13 di 35
19
54
3.950
4
γ Co60
PROBE
AREA cm2
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
PROBE
OPERATING
α
VOLTAGE HV
PRODUCER
MODEL
CENTRONIC
ZP1352
CENTRONIC
ZP1400
END WINDOW
500
CENTRONIC
ZP1401
END WINDOW
500
CENTRONIC
ZP1402
CENTRONIC
ZP1405
CENTRONIC
ZP1410
CENTRONIC
ZP1430
450
X
X
X
230
CENTRONIC
ZP1431
500
X
X
X
230
CENTRONIC
ZP1441
500
X
X
X
65
CENTRONIC
ZP1442
500
X
X
65
CENTRONIC
ZP1450
CENTRONIC
ZP1451
500
X
X
CENTRONIC
ZP1452
400
X
X
60
CENTRONIC
ZP1480
400
x
X
X
120
CENTRONIC
ZP1481
450
X
X
X
120
CENTRONIC
ZP1490
500
X
65
600
END WINDOW
PANCAKE
β
γ
X
X
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
CC
DT uS α Pu 239 - 4P
200
90
1.200
90
1.200
400
X
X
X
110
400
X
X
X
110
575
100
900
90
X
β+γ
cpm/mR/hr
Cs137
60
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 14 di 35
1.200
1.500
γ Co60
PROBE
AREA cm2
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
vedi sito http://www.centronic.co.uk/standard_products.htm
Sensitivity
Band
Type
γ
Counting Rate
At
Dead Time
Plateau
Length
Threshold
Length
(mm)
(V) max.
(V)
Slope
10-2mGy/h
(% /V) max. (count/s) ♦
α
β
ZP1200
•
40
400
200
ZP1206
•
14,5
450
100
0,1
11
ZP1210
•
140
400
100
0,15
110
ZP1220
•
240
400
100
0,15
180
ZP1220/EC *
•
240
400
100
0,15
180
ZP1220/01
•
240
400
100
0,15
0,04
28
(μs)
max.
90
Back- Ground
Shielded
Dose Rate Range
(count/min.)
(mGy/h)
max.
typical
10
10-3 – 102
70
9
1.5 x 10-3 – 2 x 102
200
70
3 x10-4 – 10
210
90
2 x10-4 – 3
210
90
2 x10-4 – 3
180
210
60
2 x10-4 – 3
With compensating filter
ZP1221/01
•
240
400
100
0,15
180
210
60
2 x10-4 – 3
ZP1201
•
40
400
200
0,04
20
110
10
10-3 – 40
ZP1221
•
240
400
100
0,15
180
210
90
2 x10-4 – 3
ZP1301
•
7
500
100
0,3
340 ◊
13
1
10-1 – 1 x104
ZP1302
•
7
500
100
0,3
340 ◊
13
12 – 120
10-1 – 1 x104
ZP1313
•
16
500
150
0,15
1600 ◊
15
2
10-2 – 1 x103
ZP1321
•
28
500
150
0,08
9
55
12
3 x10-3 – 102
Ambient dose compensated
ZP1202
•
40
400
200
0,04
20
110
10
10-3 – 40
ZP1211/02
•
140
400
100
0,15
110
200
60
3 x10-4 – 10
ZP1221/02
•
240
400
100
0,15
180
210
60
23 x10-4 – 3
ZP1304
•
7
500
100
0,3
340 ◊
13
1
10-1 – 1 x104
ZP1314
•
16
500
150
1,15
1600 ◊
15
2
10-2 – 1 x103
ZP1324
•
27
500
150
0,08
9
55
12
3 x 10-3 – 102
ZP1300
•
•
7
500
100
0,3
300◊
11
1
10-1 – 104
ZP1310
•
•
16
500
150
0,15
1600◊
15
2
2 x 10-2 – 4x103
ZP1320
•
•
28
500
150
0,08
9
45
12
3x10-3 – 2x102
ZP1352
•
•
120
400-600
200
0,01
85
200
35
3x10-4 – 10
ZP1400
•
•
9c
400
200
0,04
25
90
10
10-3 – 102
ZP1431
•
•
27.8a
450
250
0,04
44
230
25
6x10-4 – 6
ZP1442
•
•
19.8c
500
200
0,09
16
65
9
10-3 – 102
ZP1452
•
•
17.8c
500
250
0,07
29
60
25
10-3 – 20
ZP1480
•
•
17d
400
100
0,2
24
120
30
10-3 – 20
ZP1481
•
•
•
17d
400
100
0,2
24
120
30
10-3 – 20
ZP1401
•
•
•
9a
400
200
0,04
25
90
10
10-3 – 102
ZP1405
•
•
•
40
400
100
0,04
20
110
10
10-3 – 102
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 15 di 35
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
ZP1430
•
•
•
27.8a
450
200
0,04
44
230
25
6 x10-4 – 6
ZP1441
•
•
•
19.8a
500
200
0,09
16
ZP1451
•
•
•
27.8a
500
250
0,07
29
65
9
3 x10-3 – 102
60
14
10-3 – 20
ZP1490
•
•
•
28a
450
250
0,06
29
65
15
10-3 – 20
9a
400
200
0,04
20
110
10
10-3 – 102
With compensating filter
ZP1402
•
•
•
Sensitivity
Band
Length
Type
α β γ (mm)
C300
•
•
9
C1300
•
•
7
With compensating filter
C301
•
9
Plateau
Threshold
(V)
500
500
500
Sensitivity
Min.
Band
Operating Plateau
Type
α β γ Voltage V Length V
B6H
•
•
370
100
B12H
•
•
370
100
B12N
•
•
675
120
B6T
•
•
675
100
With compensating filter
B6TS
•
675
100
Liquid Sampling
M6H
370
100
M6H/100
500
200
M2Na ‚
510
90
M2H ‚
370
100
Liquid
Length
(V)
150
100
Slope
(% /V)
0,02
0,03
150
0,02
Counting Rate
At
Dead Time
10-2mGy/h
(count/s) ♦
(μ2)
170◊
7
360◊
11
140◊
Max.
Life
Slope % / Active
Expectation
V
Length mm Counts
0,15
64
1010
0,15
123
1010
0,1
120
1010
0,1
60
1010
7
Sensitivity
cpm/mR/hr
2000
5600
5000
-
Back- Ground
Shielded
Dose Rate Range
(count/min.)
(mGy/h)
1
10-1 – 105
1
10-1 – 2 x 104
1
Shielded
Background
cpm
15
30
30
-
10-1 – 105
Liquid Capacity ml
-
Temp.
Temp.
Coeff. V / Wall / Window
Range °C °C
Density mg/cm2
-55 to +60
0,2
25 to 35
-55 to +60
0,2
25 to 35
-60 to +70
0,2
25 to 35
-60 to +70
0,1
25 to 35
0,1
60
1010
2700
-
-
-60 to +70
0,1
-
0,15
0,15
0,15
0,15
60
60
21
20
1010
1010
1010
1010
2880
-
16
100
20
7
9
100
3,5
3,5
-10 to +50
-10 to +50
-10 to +50
-55 to +60
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
25 to 35
25 to 35
25 to 35
25 to 35
‚ = Supplied with waterproof rubber jacket
* = End connector
◊ = Counting rate at 10 mGy /h
♦ = 137Cs
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 16 di 35
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
OPERATING
α
VOLTAGE HV
β
γ
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
CC
DT uS α Pu 239 - 4P
β+γ
cpm/mR/hr
Cs137
MODEL
PROBE
EURISYS
3G10
MINIATURE
460
10
EURISYS
4G15
MINIATURE
550
10
EURISYS
4G60M
MINIATURE
500
EX URSS
3043
PANCAKE
400
EX URSS
BETA 1
PANCAKE
675
EX URSS
BETA 2
PANCAKE
EX URSS
BETA 2-2
PANCAKE
EX URSS
BETA 2M1
PANCAKE
EX URSS
BETA-1
PANCAKE
X
120
EX URSS
BETA1-1
PANCAKE
X
120
7,0
EX URSS
BETA-2
PANCAKE
X
200
15,0
EX URSS
BETA2-2
PANCAKE
X
200
15,0
EX URSS
BETA2M
PANCAKE
EX URSS
BETA2M1
PANCAKE
EX URSS
CBM20-1
HOT DOG
X
EX URSS
CI8B
PANCAKE
X
400
30,0
EX URSS
CI8B1
PANCAKE
X
400
30,0
EX URSS
SPA-8
SCINTILLATOR
EX URSS
SBM-CBM 20
HOT DOG
Vacutronik
RAM 63-2
SCINTILLATOR
1.100
Vacutronik
RAM 63-3
SCINTILLATOR
1.350
F&H
FHZ 72
HOT DOG
450
X
X
2.25+01
1.200
F&H
FHZ 73
HOT DOG
450
X
X
2.25+01
1.200
F&H
FHZ 74
HOT DOG
450
X
X
F&H
FHZ 76
HOT DOG
450
X
X
F&H
FHZ 77A
END WINDOW
450
X
X
X
G. & C.
XAI
END WINDOW
1.480
X
X
X
50
JOHNSON
GP200
END WINDOW
900
X
X
X
150
2.500
9,1
JOHNSON
HP 265
SCINTILLATOR
900
X
X
X
5
60.000
14,0
JOHNSON
PPA-2T
PANCAKE
900
X
X
X
2.500
14,0
10
X
X
1.000
1
1
X
240
X
2.700
X
200
X
200
X
800
X
400
X
X
X
X
X
12
300K
10.2+07
190
780
100+00
1
1.00+00
1
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 17 di 35
γ Co60
PROBE
AREA cm2
PRODUCER
7,0
22,0%
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
OPERATING
α
VOLTAGE HV
γ
X
X
CC
DT uS α Pu 239 - 4P
β+γ
cpm/mR/hr
Cs137
PRODUCER
MODEL
PROBE
LND
712
END WINDOW
500
LND
713
MINIATURE
LND
714
MINIATURE
LND
716
MINIATURE
550
11
19
LND
719
THIN WALL
900
100
5.275
LND
720
THIN WALL
900
LND
721
THIN WALL
900
LND
722
END WINDOW
900
X
X
LND
723
END WINDOW
900
X
X
LND
725
THIN WALL
900
LND
743
THIN WALL
900
LND
6306
HOT DOG
900
LND
7224
END WINDOW
575
LND
7231
PANCAKE
900
LND
7232
END WINDOW
LND
7311
PANCAKE
LND
7802
THIN WALL
900
LND
72314
END WINDOW
LND
72610
THIN WALL
900
LND
73118
PANCAKE
900
LND
78017
THIN WALL
900
X
β
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
90
1.200
575
28
420
575
15
54
X
X
100
635
95
2.900
X
150
2.700
X
200
1.650
150
1.550
100
3.950
X
X
X
X
X
100
1.700
X
X
X
90
1.500
900
X
X
X
200
1.650
900
X
X
X
50
3.500
120
8.150
X
X
X
20
175
90
3.500
120
8.150
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 18 di 35
γ Co60
PROBE
AREA cm2
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
OPERATING
α
VOLTAGE HV
β
CC
DT uS α Pu 239 - 4P
β+γ
cpm/mR/hr
Cs137
MODEL
PROBE
LUDLUM
133-2
ALOGEN
550
X
80
1.000
15,0
LUDLUM
133-4
ALOGEN
550
X
80
100
15,0
LUDLUM
133-6
ALOGEN
550
X
50
30
15,0
LUDLUM
133-7
ALOGEN
460
X
50
4
15,0
LUDLUM
133-8
ALOGEN
X
50
1
25,0
LUDLUM
43-1
SCINTILLATOR
1.200
X
LUDLUM
43-1-1
SCINTILLATOR
1.200
X
LUDLUM
43-2
SCINTILLATOR
1.200
X
LUDLUM
43-20
X
X
LUDLUM
43-2-2
SCINTILLATOR
1.200
X
X
LUDLUM
43-40-2
SCINTILLATOR
LUDLUM
43-40-3
LUDLUM
43-44
AIR PROPORZ.
2.050
X
LUDLUM
43-44-1
AIR PROPORZ.
2.050
X
8,0%
76,0
LUDLUM
43-5
SCINTILLATOR
1.200
X
13,0%
65,3
LUDLUM
43-65
SCINTILLATOR
1.200
X
17,0%
63,0
LUDLUM
43-68
900
X
X
15,0%
15,0
LUDLUM
43-89
SCINTILLATOR
1.200
X
X
LUDLUM
43-90
SCINTILLATOR
1.200
X
LUDLUM
43-92
SCINTILLATOR
1.200
X
20,0%
100,0
LUDLUM
43-93
SCINTILLATOR
1.200
X
20,0%
100,0
LUDLUM
44-1
SCINTILLATOR
1.200
LUDLUM
44-10
SCINTILLATOR
1.200
LUDLUM
44-11
SCINTILLATOR
1.200
LUDLUM
44-110
TRITIUM DET.
1.700
X
126,0
LUDLUM
44-116
SCINTILLATOR
1.200
x
125,0
LUDLUM
44-142
SCINTILLATOR
1.200
x
100,0
LUDLUM
44-17
SCINTILLATOR
1.200
X
LUDLUM
44-172
LUDLUM
44-2
SCINTILLATOR
900
X
LUDLUM
44-20
SCINTILLATOR
1.200
X
LUDLUM
44-21
SCINTILLATOR
X
γ Co60
PROBE
AREA cm2
PRODUCER
460
γ
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
35,0%
83,0
35,0%
83,0
30,0%
15,0
12,0
76,0
100,0
100,0
X
X
11,6
X
900
X
900
X
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 19 di 35
140
13,0%
175
4,9
2.300
125,0
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
OPERATING
α
VOLTAGE HV
PRODUCER
MODEL
PROBE
LUDLUM
44-25
PANCAKE
900
LUDLUM
44-26
PANCAKE
900
LUDLUM
44-3
SCINTILLATOR
900
LUDLUM
44-38
COMPENSATE
LUDLUM
44-40
PANCAKE
900
LUDLUM
44-40-2
PANCAKE
900
LUDLUM
44-6
SIDEWALL
900
LUDLUM
44-62
SCINTILLATOR
1.200
LUDLUM
44-7
END WINDOW
900
LUDLUM
44-89
PANCAKE
LUDLUM
44-9
PANCAKE
LUDLUM
44-9-18
PANCAKE
LUDLUM
44-92
GAS XENON
LUDLUM
44-94
PANCAKE
LUDLUM
44-98
SCINTILLATOR
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
γ
X
X
X
3.300
X
X
X
9.900
X
675
X
X
X
DT uS α Pu 239 - 4P
γ Co60
PROBE
AREA cm2
5,0
3.300
X
X
X
X
X
66
X
X
X
2.100
900
X
X
X
12K
63,0
900
X
X
X
19.8-07
80
15,0%
3.300
15,0
900
X
X
X
19,8-07
80
15,0%
3.300
X
X
X
X
900
X
X
CC
β+γ
cpm/mR/hr
Cs137
β
X
3.300
95
X
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 20 di 35
1.200
15,5
15,0
140,0
12K
11,8
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
OPERATING
α
VOLTAGE HV
PRODUCER
MODEL
PROBE
MILITARY
5979
END WINDOW
900
MILITARY
7616
END WINDOW
900
MILITARY
8767
PANCAKE
MILITARY
JAN5979
END WINDOW
MILITARY
JAN7616
ROTEM
2147
ROTEM
ROTEM
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
CC
DT uS α Pu 239 - 4P
β+γ
cpm/mR/hr
Cs137
β
γ
X
X
X
150
2.700
X
X
X
70
500
900
X
X
X
50
3.500
900
X
X
X
150
2.700
END WINDOW
900
X
X
X
70
PANCAKE
875
X
X
X
GM-10
PANCAKE
875
X
X
X
GM-40
SCINTILLATOR
875
X
ROTEM
GM-41
SCINTILLATOR
875
X
ROTEM
GM-42
SCINTILLATOR
875
X
ROTEM
IC-10
IONIZZ.
875
ROTEM
PA-100
IONIZZ.
875
ROTEM
PM-10
SCINTILLATOR
875
X
ROTEM
PM-11
SCINTILLATOR
875
X
γ Co60
PROBE
AREA cm2
500
3.500
21+07
3.500
X
X
2.650
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 21 di 35
100,0
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
OPERATING
α
VOLTAGE HV
PRODUCER
MODEL
PROBE
SAINT-GOB.
803
MINIATURE
575
SAINT-GOB.
1504
MINIATURE
500
SAINT-GOB.
1504-1
MINIATURE
500
SAINT-GOB.
1611-PT
HIGH-SENSIB.
SAINT-GOB.
1620-PT
HIGH-SENSIB.
SAINT-GOB.
1625-PT
SAINT-GOB.
1915-PT
SAINT-GOB.
SAINT-GOB.
SAINT-GOB.
50CM2
SAINT-GOB.
G1200
CYLINDRICAL
500
SAINT-GOB.
G1210
CYLINDRICAL
SAINT-GOB.
G1220
CYLINDRICAL
SAINT-GOB.
G1221-2
HIGH-SENSIB.
450
SAINT-GOB.
G1300
MINIATURE
550
SAINT-GOB.
G1301
MINIATURE
550
SAINT-GOB.
G1310
MINIATURE
575
SAINT-GOB.
G1313
MINIATURE
SAINT-GOB.
G1321
MINIATURE
SAINT-GOB.
G1421
END WINDOW
575
X
SAINT-GOB.
G1452
500
X
SAINT-GOB.
N1004
500
SAINT-GOB.
N1005
900
SAINT-GOB.
N1008
900
SAINT-GOB.
N106-3P
CYLINDRICAL
SAINT-GOB.
N107-3P
CYLINDRICAL
SAINT-GOB.
N108-3P
SAINT-GOB.
N112
SAINT-GOB.
SAINT-GOB.
β
γ
X
X
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
CC
DT us α Pu 239 - 4P
β+γ
cpm/mR/hr
Cs137
28
475
X
90
1.400
X
110
1.400
900
X
100
5.000
700
X
100
8.500
HIGH-SENSIB.
950
X
100
12.850
HIGH-SENSIB.
900
X
150
5.800
1916-PT
HIGH-SENSIB.
1.000
X
150
6.350
3304-W
END WINDOW
575
X
X
X
175
1.700
900
X
X
X
100
13.400
X
90
1.400
450
X
200
5.200
450
X
210
9.000
X
210
9.000
X
11
19
X
13
16
X
15
85
575
X
15
85
575
X
55
475
X
X
230
2.300
X
X
100
1.700
X
X
X
60
1.500
X
X
X
100
3.350
X
X
X
100
3.350
900
X
X
100
2.200
900
X
X
100
5.200
CYLINDRICAL
900
X
X
100
3.300
CYLINDRICAL
900
X
X
150
1.500
N112HS
CYLINDRICAL
900
X
X
150
2.000
N112X
CYLINDRICAL
900
X
X
150
1.100
SAINT-GOB.
N114
CYLINDRICAL
900
X
X
100
800
SAINT-GOB.
N302
MINIATURE
900
X
20
125
SAINT-GOB.
N309-3P
CYLINDRICAL
900
X
100
2.200
SAINT-GOB.
N310-3P
CYLINDRICAL
900
X
100
4.700
END WINDOW
X
X
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 22 di 35
γ Co60
PROBE
AREA cm2
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
PRODUCER
MODEL
PROBE
SAINT-GOB.
N358-9,1
HIGH-SENSIB.
SAINT-GOB.
N3785
SAINT-GOB.
N378S
HIGH-SENSIB.
SAINT-GOB.
NP334-6
SAINT-GOB.
NP334-6,6
SAINT-GOB.
SAINT-GOB.
OPERATING
α
VOLTAGE HV
β
950
450
X
γ
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
CC
DT uS α Pu 239 - 4P
β+γ
cpm/mR/hr
Cs137
X
100
12.850
X
200
8.500
450
X
200
9.000
HIGH-SENSIB.
900
X
150
5.800
HIGH-SENSIB.
1.000
X
150
6.350
NP334-8
HIGH-SENSIB.
900
X
100
8.500
NP358-1,8
HIGH-SENSIB.
700
X
100
2.600
SAINT-GOB.
NP358-6
HIGH-SENSIB.
700
X
100
5.500
SAINT-GOB.
NP358-8
HIGH-SENSIB.
700
X
100
8.500
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 23 di 35
γ Co60
PROBE
AREA cm2
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
PROBE
OPERATING
α
VOLTAGE HV
β
CC
DT us α Pu 239 - 4P
β+γ
cpm/mR/hr
Cs137
PRODUCER
MODEL
TGM
5368
TGM
MC71
TGM
N1002
PANCAKE
900
X
X
X
50
TGM
N1002-1
PANCAKE
900
X
X
X
50
TGM
N1004
PANCAKE
900
90
TGM
N1006
PANCAKE
900
70
500
TGM
N106
THIN WALL
900
75
2.900
TGM
N107
THIN WALL
900
100
5.275
TGM
N112
THIN WALL
900
150
1.550
TGM
N114
THIN WALL
900
90
635
TGM
N115-1
THIN WALL
550
11
19
TGM
N116-1
THIN WALL
575
15
54
TGM
N117-1
THIN WALL
575
28
420
TGM
N119
THIN WALL
900
150
4.800
TGM
N201
END WINDOW
900
150
2.700
TGM
N202
END WINDOW
750
50
50
TGM
N204
END WINDOW
900
TGM
N204/MHV
END WINDOW
TGM
N205
END WINDOW
500
90
1.200
TGM
N206
END WINDOW
575
100
1.700
TGM
N210
END WINDOW
900
200
1.650
TGM
N210/BNC
END WINDOW
900
200
1.650
TGM
N305
THIN WALL
500
90
1.200
TGM
N309
THIN WALL
900
100
1.880
TGM
N310
THIN WALL
900
100
3.950
TGM
N320
THIN WALL
900
100
950
450
γ
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
X
450
X
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 24 di 35
3.500
1.500
γ Co60
PROBE
AREA cm2
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
OPERATING
α
VOLTAGE HV
X
X
CC
DT us α Pu 239 - 4P
γ Co60
PROBE
AREA cm2
MODEL
PROBE
THERMO
44-88
END WINDOW
THERMO
A50L
SCINTILLATOR
THERMO
AC 3-7
SCINTILLATOR
1.000
X
6
0,5
THERMO
AC 3-8
SCINTILLATOR
1.000
X
6
0,5
THERMO
AP2/4A
SCINTILLATOR
X
0,5
THERMO
AP4/4A
SCINTILLATOR
X
0,2
THERMO
AP5AD
SCINTILLATOR
X
0,5
THERMO
AP5RA
SCINTILLATOR
X
1,0
THERMO
AP6A
SCINTILLATOR
X
6,0
THERMO
BP19AD
SCINTILLATOR
X
3.000
100,0
THERMO
BP7/4C
SCINTILLATOR
X
1.500
1,4
THERMO
BP1/4A
SCINTILLATOR
X
1.800
THERMO
BP13A
SCINTILLATOR
X
THERMO
BP17A
SCINTILLATOR
X
THERMO
BP19DD
SCINTILLATOR
X
3.000
100,0
THERMO
BP4/4A
SCINTILLATOR
X
1.500
20,0
THERMO
BP4/4C
SCINTILLATOR
X
1.500
20,0
THERMO
BP7/4A
SCINTILLATOR
THERMO
DP2/4A
SCINTILLATOR
X
THERMO
DP2R/4A
SCINTILLATOR
X
X
50,0
THERMO
DP6AD
SCINTILLATOR
X
X
100,0
THERMO
DP8A
SCINTILLATOR
X
X
THERMO
GP20B/R
END WINDOW
450
X
THERMO
GP21B/R
END WINDOW
500
X
THERMO
HP 100 CGS
GAS P10
1.800
X
X
THERMO
HP 190-01
END WINDOW
900
X
X
X
THERMO
HP 190A
END WINDOW
900
X
X
X
1+00
200
THERMO
HP 210
PANCAKE
900
X
X
X
1+00
80
THERMO
HP 220A
PANCAKE
600
X
X
X
THERMO
HP 260
THERMO
HP 270
PANCAKE
900
X
X
7.2+07
112
1.200
THERMO
HP 280
THERMO
HP 290
PANCAKE
550
X
X
7.2+07
120
1.200
THERMO
HP 300
GM
X
γ
β+γ
cpm/mR/hr
Cs137
PRODUCER
900
β
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
3.300
X
0,6
1,4
80,0
600,0
X
80,0
600,0
600,0
200
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 25 di 35
6,0%
3
10,0%
2.500
25,0%
3.600
16,0%
15,5
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
OPERATING
α
VOLTAGE HV
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
CC
X
X
21.6+07
X
X
DT us α Pu 239 - 4P
PROBE
AREA cm2
3.600
16,0%
15,5
PROBE
THERMO
HP 360
PANCAKE
900
THERMO
HP 380 AB
PANCAKE
900
THERMO
HP 380A
PANCAKE
600
THERMO
HP 380B
THERMO
HP 100CGS
THERMO
HP 220
THERMO
HP 220A
600
THERMO
HP 230A
900
X
X
THERMO
HP 260
PANCAKE
500
X
X
THERMO
HP 280
THERMO
HP 330
PANCAKE
1.550
X
X
X
THERMO
HP 340
THERMO
HP 350
THERMO
HP 370
PANCAKE
1.750
X
X
X
THERMO
IGP24A/SV
THERMO
LEG-1
SCINTILLATOR
1.000
X
100+00
12
THERMO
NRD
PROPORZ
1.850
X
300+06
10
THERMO
PG-2
1.000
X
THERMO
PGM/ECPCM
THERMO
RCM-1
THERMO
RD-14
THERMO
SAC-R5
800
THERMO
SPA-1A
650
THERMO
SPA-3
SCINTILLATOR
1.000
X
14
1200K
THERMO
SPA-6
SCINTILLATOR
1.000
X
14
600K
THERMO
SPA-9
SCINTILLATOR
1.000
X
THERMO
SW/GM
900
THERMO
WAM-4
1.000
50
1.200
X
900
GAS P10
γ
γ Co60
MODEL
X
β
β+γ
cpm/mR/hr
Cs137
PRODUCER
21,0%
X
X
X
X
100
X
1,55+06
19
60
80
550
PANCAKE
100,0
1.200
1,0
3.600
137
60K
900
50
1.200
X
60
2,80-01
13
3,10-01
10
3.600
X
X
X
1,76-01
12
400K
100
1.600
13
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 26 di 35
15,5
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
PRODUCER
MODEL
PROBE
OPERATING
α
VOLTAGE HV
β
γ
CC
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
DT us α Pu 239 - 4P
β+γ
cpm/mR/hr
Cs137
γ Co60
PROBE
AREA cm2
R
pF
VALVO
18500
AR
1050
x
75
2,0
VALVO
18501
AR
1050
x
75
2,0
VALVO
18502
x
150
VALVO
18503
Ne Ar ALO
450
x
100
VALVO
18504
Ne Ar ALO
450
x
x
x
100
VALVO
18505
Ne Ar ALO
450
x
x
x
125
VALVO
18506
Ne Ar ALO
475
x
x
x
225
VALVO
18509-02
Ne Ar ALO
550
x
x
30
VALVO
18509
Ne Ar ALO
550
x
x
VALVO
18510
Ne Ar ALO
450
x
VALVO
18511
XE
1500
VALVO
18513
rare gas
575
x
x
60
31,7
VALVO
18514
rare gas
600
x
x
250
605,0
VALVO
18515
Ne Ar ALO
575
x
150
3,1
VALVO
18516
Ne Ar ALO
575
x
40
6,1
VALVO
18517
ALO
1000
VALVO
18518
ALO
1000
VALVO
18519
Ne Ar ALO
450
x
VALVO
18520
Ne Ar ALO
375
x
60
VALVO
18523
Ne Ar ALO
600
x
70
455,0
VALVO
18524-01
Ne Ar ALO
400
x
x
100
VALVO
18526
Ne Ar ALO
450
x
x
200
VALVO
18529
Ne Ar ALO
400
VALVO
18533
Ne Ar ALO
400
VALVO
18536
Ne Ar ALO
500
VALVO
18537
Ar ALO
VALVO
18538
Kr ALO
VALVO
18545
Ne Ar ALO
500
VALVO
18546
Ne Ar ALO
900
x
VALVO
18550
Ne Ar ALO
500
x
VALVO
18552
Ne Ar ALO
600
x
350
x
2,0
10M
2,0
63,5
10M
2,0
3,0
10M
2,0
6,0
10M
3,5
2M
1,0
60
10M
1,0
125
5M
4,0
x
2,0
1,5
10M
1,5
5M
1,3
10M
5,5
1
10M
8,0
35
4,7M
2,2
4,7M
4,5
4,7M
3,0
10,0
4,7M
2,5
6,1
10M
3,5
2M
0,5
1
x
1,5
x
x
x
100
4,7M
2,5
x
x
40
6,1
5M
1,3
1000
x
150
3,1
4,7M
2,7
1000
x
400
3,1
4,7M
2,7
x
200
4,7M
10,0
45
4,7M
5,0
x
50
5M
1,1
x
70
2M
4,0
x
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 27 di 35
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
vedi sito http://www.vacutec-gmbh.de > product > Geiger-Müller-Zählrohr Typenauswahl
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 28 di 35
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
PRODUCER
MODEL
PROBE
VICTOREN
301
HOT DOG
VICTOREN
OCD-101
VICTOREN
OCDD-103
OPERATING
α
VOLTAGE HV
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
CC
DT us α Pu 239 - 4P
β+γ
cpm/mR/hr
Cs137
β
γ
900
X
X
100
720
HOT DOG
900
X
X
100
720
HOT DOG
900
X
X
100
720
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 29 di 35
γ Co60
PROBE
AREA cm2
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
vedi sito www.lndinc.com > product > Cross Reference Chart to Other Mfg. Products
LND Type
Phillips Amperex
TGM Detectors
Centronics
Mullard
LND Type
Phillips Amperex
TGM Detectors
Centronics
Mullard
72314
18526
N/A
ZP1430
MX169
7103
N/A
NP322-2
N/A
N/A
72327
18506
N/A
ZP1431
MX149
720
N/A
N114
N/A
N/A
7311
N/A
N1002/8767
N/A
N/A
7242
18515
N/A
ZP1441
MX152
73118
18546
N1006
ZP1460
MX167
72412
N/A
N/A
ZP1442
N/A
743
N/A
N310/3P
N/A
N/A
712
N/A
N/A
ZP1401
N/A
719
N/A
N107/3P
ZP1860
N/A
7121
18503
N/A
ZP1200
MX146
72514
N/A
N/A
B12N
N/A
7124
18504
N205
ZP1400
MX147
78016
18520
N/A
ZP1210
MX120
7128
N/A
N/A
ZP1201
N/A
7807
N/A
N/A
ZP1221
N/A
72310
N/A
N1003
N/A
N/A
78017
18545
N/A
ZP1220
MX145
725
N/A
N112
N/A
N/A
72511
N/A
N/A
B12C
N/A
7231
18536
N/A
ZP1490
MX166
71322
N/A
N117-1S/C1321
ZP1321
N/A
72315
18516
N/A
ZP1452
N/A
7256
N/A
NP334-6
N/A
N/A
72216
N/A
N/A
ZP1470
MX123
716
18529
N115-1/C1300
ZP1300
MX163
7224
18505
N/A
ZP1410
MX148
7165
N/A
N115-1S1/C1301
ZP1301
N/A
723
N/A
N210-1
N/A
N/A
7437
N/A
NP358-9.1
N/A
N/A
7232
N/A
N210/BNC
N/A
N/A
714
18509
N116-1/C1310
ZP1310
MX151
721
N/A
N106/3P
ZP1850
N/A
45697
18511
N/A
ZP1610
MX161
72118
18555
N/A
ZP1330
MX177
7149
N/A
N/A
ZP1313
N/A
72219
18507
N/A
ZP1600
MX159
71412
N/A
N116-1SE/C1312
ZP1311
MX189
72231
N/A
N201
N/A
N/A
72611
N/A
N302
N/A
N/A
72233
N/A
N/A
ZP1481
MX168
78034
N/A
N378/BNC
N/A
N/A
740501
N/A
NP315-4
ZP1810
N/A
713
18550
N117-1/C1320
ZP1320
MX164
7436
N/A
NP358-5.75/3P
N/A
N/A
7133
N/A
N/A
M6H
N/A
7139
N/A
N/A
ZP1324
N/A
7102
N/A
N222
N/A
N/A
vedi sito http://www.canberra.com/products/438339.asp
Min. Detectors
CANBERRA
Centronics
LND
Saint Gobain
T2411
ZP1310
714
N116-1/C1310
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 30 di 35
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
vedi sito http://www.vacutec-gmbh.de > product > Geiger-Müller-Zählrohr Cross-Referenzliste
VacuTec
Centronics
Philips Amperex
18503
LND
7121
Mullard
70 003
ZP1200
70 003 E
ZP1201
70 003 A
ZP1202
70 013
ZP1210
18520
78016
MX120
70 015
ZP1300
18529
716
MX163
70 015 E
ZP1301
70 015 A
ZP1304
70 016
ZP1310
70 016 E
ZP1313
70 016 A
ZP1314
70 017
ZP1320
70 017 E
ZP1321
70 017 A
ZP1324
70 019
ZP1200
70 019 E
ZP1201
70 019 A
ZP1202
70 031
ZP1220
70 031 E
ZP1221
70 031 A
ZP1221/02
TGM Detectors
MX146
71210
70 013 E
70 013 A
7165
18509
714
N115-1/C1300
N115-1S1/C1301
MX151
N116-1/C1310
MX164
N117-1/C1320
7149
18550
713
71322
N117-1S/C1321
7139
18503
7121
MX146
71210
18545
78017
MX145
7807
70 071
7241
70 072
ZP1400
18504
7124
MX147
70 074
ZP1430
18526
72314
MX169
70 075
ZP1460
18546
7312
MX167
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 31 di 35
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
Vedi sito http://www.centronic.co.uk/geiger_muller_tubes_cross_reference.htm
ZP
185
MX
ZP1200
18503
MX146
ZP1210
18520
MX120/01
ZP1220
18545
MX145
ZP1230*
* Obsolete
MX180
ZP1240*
MX119
ZP1300
18529
MX163
ZP1310
18509
MX151
ZP1311*
MX189
ZP1311*
ZP1100
ZP1320
18550
MX164
ZP1330
18555
MX177
ZP1400
18504
MX147
ZP1410
18505
MX148
ZP1430
18526
MX169
ZP1431
18506
MX149
ZP1441
18515
MX152
ZP1451
18536
MX166
ZP1460*
18546/01
MX167/01
ZP1470
MX123
ZP1480
MX168/02
ZP1481
MX168
ZP1500*
ZP1083
ZP1501*
ZP1520*
US
ZP1080
18525
ZP1530*
MX124-01
MX142
ZP1550*
MX188
ZP1600
18507
MX159
ZP1610
18511
MX161
ZP1700
18518
MX155
ZP1800
171G
ZP1810*
181G2
ZP1820*
78L
ZP1830*
79L
ZP1840*
560N
ZP1850*
90NB3
ZP1860*
912NB3
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 32 di 35
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
Una raccolta (non esaustiva) di siti WEB
Info varie in lingua italiana
Info varie in altre lingue
http://digilander.libero.it/dadano1/Fisica.htm
http://carlwillis.wordpress.com/
http://spazioinwind.libero.it/andrea_bosi/appunti.htm
http://www.vaughns-1-pagers.com/science/radiation-detection.htm
http://www.webalice.it/carlo.scorsone/
http://www.chetan.homepage.t-online.de/sonstig/ram63.htm
http://barsanti.tripod.com/index.html
http://sites.google.com/site/anilandro/Home
http://www.chirio.com/index.htm
http://www.dangerouslaboratories.org/
http://www.archivionucleare.com/index.php/page/1/
http://sites.google.com/site/sciradioactive/
http://web.tiscalinet.it/vcoletti/educational/materia/index.html
http://home.comcast.net/~prutchi/
http://digilander.libero.it/ilnucleare/
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hframe.html
http://www.lnf.infn.it/lnfadmin/radiation/educational.html
http://www.newscientist.com/topic/nuclear
http://nuovonucleare.splinder.com/
Musei ed archivi storici
Strumenti ed altro
http://www.museumofquackery.com/welcome.htm
http://www.vacutec-gmbh.de/
http://national-radiation-instrument-catalog.com/
http://www.lndinc.com/
http://www.orau.org/ptp/museumdirectory.htm
http://www.centronic.co.uk/index.htm
http://www.civildefensemuseum.com/
http://www.canberra.com/
http://www.detectors.saint-gobain.com/Default.aspx
Sorgenti ed affini
http://www.ludlums.com/
http://www.spectrumtechniques.com/
http://www.eberlineservices.com/index.htm
http://www.unitednuclear.com/
http://www.thermoscientific.com/wps/portal/ts/HOME
http://www.imagesco.com/geiger/radioactive-sources.html
http://www.hilger-crystals.co.uk/prior/stand.htm
http://www.anythingradioactive.com/
http://www.rotemi.co.il/
http://www.ortec-online.com/Solutions/RadiationDetectors/index.aspx
Software
http://seintl.com/
http://www.qsl.net/dl4yhf/spectra1.html
http://www.bubbletech.ca/
http://seintl.com/products/observer_software.html
http://polimaster.us/
http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~marek/
http://www.radcal.com/
http://www.blackcatsystems.com/index.html
http://www.eljentechnology.com/
http://sourceforge.net/projects/cdvcounter/
http://www.apantec.com/product_services.asp
http://www.anythingradioactive.com/CDVCounter/help.html
http://www.geigercounters.com/
http://www.radprocalculator.com/Index.aspx
http://www.radshelters4u.com/
http://ea4eoz.ure.es/ugp.html
http://www.beejewel.com.au/research/Bee_Research/home.html
http://www.tubedata.info/
Satisfied users
http://tubedata.itchurch.org/index.html
http://radgoes.blogspot.com/
last update 03/07/2011 pagina 33 di 35
PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
Founded by Mr. Fieseke and Mr. Hoepfner as Frieseke & Hoepfner GmbH, a company specialized in precision machinery, hydraulic tool equipment,
1949 radiation monitoring and industrial gauging technology.
Acquired by the owner of FAG Kugelfischer, although the company still operated under the name of Frieseke und Hoepfner GmbH, continuing to
1954 manufacture practically the same product range.
Integrated as 3 product divisions, Hydraulic & Control, Radiation Monitoring and Radiometrie into FAG Kugelfischer, a cooperaton with 38,000 employees.
1981
In March the Radiometrie division acquired Daystorm (Gloucester, England) and Nucleometre (Sarcelles, France) from Schlumberger and formed the
1986 largest gauging company in Europe.
Thermo Instrument Systems acquired Radiometrie as of Nov. 1, 1993. In 1994, Eberline Instrument GmbH was formed.
1993
1996
Thermo Instrument Systems spun out its divisions Eberline Radiometrie and Gamma Metrics to form Metrika Systems Corporation.
Metrika Systems Corporation acquired the metals gauging division of Honeywell-Measurex, forming Radiometrie, the world's largest gauging company with
1998 three plants in Germany, U.K. and USA.
http://www.ludlums.com/images/stories/news_letters/Don%20Ludlum%20Story.pdf
http://www.centronic.co.uk/history.htm
Founded in 1945 by Gilbert Tomes and Alec Tidmarsh, Centronic, or 20th Century Electronics as it was then known, started life in the back
bedroom of Gilbert Tomes' house in Kent, England.
His work on electron tubes within the television industry and his interest in radiation detection led to the creation of 20th Century Electronics for the
commercial development and manufacture of cathode ray and Geiger-Müller tubes. He became sole owner of the company in 1949 when it became a
limited company, 20th Century Electronics Limited. By concentrating on chosen specialities of radiation detection and optical sensing, the company grew
rapidly to become a world leader in its area of expertise, with many cutting edge innovations arising on the way. With over 50 years experience in meeting
the challenge of change, the company continues to be as much as ever a "hive of activity".
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PROBE SELECTION GUIDE by Massimiliano
De Luigi - [email protected] AND [email protected]
Saint-Gobain Crystals is an operating unit of Compagnie de Saint-Gobain, which is based in Paris, France.
Saint-Gobain was created in 1665 by Louis XIV’s Minister of Finance, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to break Venice’s monopoly over the glass trade. Saint-Gobain
supplied the mirrors for the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles in 1684.
Has been established since: 1853 in Germany, 1889 in Italy, 1904 in Spain and Benelux, 1937 in Brazil, 1967 in the United States.
The Foundation of Saint-Gobain Crystals, Scintillation Products
1930 Harshaw Chemical Company is the first major manufacturer to develop and produce scintillation crystals.
’s
1940 Quartz & Silice, a subsidiary of Saint-Gobain, begins production of optical crystals and scintillation crystals.
’s
Bicron Corporation is established and begins production of NaI(Tl) scintillation ingots.
1969
1990
1992
1997
1999
2000
2002
Saint-Gobain acquires Bicron Corporation and Harshaw brand products from Engelhard.
Crismatec-Grenoble is acquired. Crismatec becomes the new name for the Quartz & Silice entity.
Bicron Products Private Limited (BPPL) production facility is opened in Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Bicron acquires TGM Detectors and Gamma Laboratories.
All of the above businesses and brand names are united under the Saint-Gobain name.
Bicron Radiation Measurement and Protection division is sold to Thermo Electron.
Introduction of new scintillation crystals Lanthanum Chloride, Lanthanum Bromide and LYSO, which are later, marketed under the BrilLanCe and PreLude
2003 trademarks.
Saint-Gobain Crystals headquarters and Scintillation manufacturing operations move to new facility in Hiram, Ohio.
2008
http://www.detectors.saint-gobain.com/History.aspx
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