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Catalog Number 003078HY
Hydrolab DS5X, DS5, and MS5
Water Quality Multiprobes
USER MANUAL
February 2005, Edition 1
© Hach Company, 2005. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. eac/dp
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Table of Contents
3
Table of Contents
4
Section 1 Specifications
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
DS5 and DS5X Transmitter
Outer Diameter
Length
8.9 cm (3.5 in.)
58.4 cm (23 in.)
Weight (typical configuration) 3.35 kg (7.4 lb)
Maximum Depth 225 m
Operating Temperature
Battery Supply (optional)
Computer Interface
Memory (optional)
MS5 Transmitter
Outer Diameter
Length
Weight (typical configuration)
Maximum Depth
Operating Temperature
Battery Supply (optional)
Computer Interface
–5 to 50 °C
8 C batteries
RS232, SDI-12, RS485
120,000 measurements
4.4 cm (1.75 in.)
53.3 cm (21 in.)
74.9 cm (29.5 in.) with battery pack
1.0 kg (2.2 lb)
1.3 kb (2.9 lb) with battery pack
225 m
–5 ro 50 °C
8 AA batteries
RS232, SDI-12, RS485
120,000 measurements Memory (optional)
Temperature Sensor
Range
Accuracy
–5 to 50 °C
± 0.10 °C
0.01 °C Resolution
Specific Conductance Sensor
Range
Accuracy
0 to 100 mS/cm
± 1% of reading; ± 0.001 mS/cm
0.0001 units Resolution pH Sensor
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
0 to 14 units
± 0.2 units
0.01 units
5
Specifications
6
Dissolved Oxygen Sensor
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
ORP
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
Depth Vented Level
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
Depth 0–25 m
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
Depth 0–100 m
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
Depth 0–200 m
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
Hach LDO ® Sensor
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
Salinity
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
4-beam Turbidity (DS5 Only)
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
0 to 50 mg/L
± 0.2 mg/L at
≤
20 mg/L
± 0.6 mg/L at > 20 mg/L
0.01 mg/L
–999 to 999 mV
± 20 mV
1 mV
0 to 10 m
± 0.01 m
0.001 m
0 to 25 m
± 0.05 m
0.01 m
0 to 100 m
± 0.05 m
0.01 m
0 to 200 m
± 0.1 m
0.1 m
0–30 mg/L
± 0.01 mg/L for 0–8 mg/L; ± 0.02 mg/L for greater than 8 mg/L
0.01 or 0.1 mg/L
0 to 70 ppt
± 0.2 ppt
1 mV
0 to 1000 NTU
± 5% of reading; ± 1 NTU
0.1 NTU (<100 NTU); 1NTU (
≥
100 NTU)
Specifications
Self-cleaning Turbidity
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
Ammonium/Ammonia
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
Nitrate
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
Chloride
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
Total Dissolved Gas
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
Ambient Light
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
Chlorophyll a
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
Rhodamine WT
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
Blue-green Algae
Range
Accuracy
Resolution
0 to 3000 NTU
± 1% up to 100 NTU, ± 3% up to 100–400 NTU, ± 5% from 400–3000 NTU
0.1, up to 400 NTU; 1.0, 400–3000 NTU
0 to 100 mg/L-N
Greater of ± 5% of reading or ± 2 mg/L-N (typical)
0.01 mg/L-N
0 to 100 mg/L-N
Greater of ±5% of reading or ±2 mg/L-N (typical)
0.01 mg/L-N
0.5 to 18,000 mg/L
Greater of ± 5% of reading or ± 2 mg/L (typical)
0.0001 units
400 to 1300 mmHg
± 0.1% of span
1.0 mmHg
0 to 10,000 µmol s –1 m –2
± 5% of reading or ± 1 µmol s –1 m –2
1 µmol s –1 m –2
0 to 500 µg/L, 0 to 50 µg/L, 0 to 5 µg/L
± 3% for signal level equivalents of 1 ppb Rhodamine WT dye
0.01 µg/L
0 to 1000 ppb, 0 to 100 ppb, 0 to 10 ppb
± 3% for signal level equivalents of 1 ppb Rhodamine WT dye
0.01 ppb
100 to 2,000,000 cells/mL, 100 to 200,000, 100 to 20,000
± 3% for signal level equivalents of 1 ppb Rhodamine WT dye
0.01 cells/mL
7
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Section 2 General Information
2.1 Safety Information
Please read this entire manual before unpacking, setting up, or operating this instrument.
Pay particular attention to all danger and caution statements. Failure to do so could result in serious injury to the operator or damage to the equipment.
Do not use or install this equipment in any manner other than that which is specified in this manual.
2.1.1 Use of Hazard Information
If multiple hazards exist, this manual will use the signal word (Danger, Caution, Note) corresponding to the greatest hazard.
DANGER
Indicates a potentially or imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.
CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that may result in minor or moderate injury.
Important Note: Information that requires special emphasis.
Note: Information that supplements main points in the text.
2.1.2 Precautionary Labels
Read all labels and tags attached to the instrument. Personal injury or damage to the instrument could occur if not observed.
This symbol, when noted on the instrument, references the instruction manual for operation and/or safety information.
This symbol, when noted on a product enclosure or barrier, indicates that a risk of electrical shock and/or electrocution exists and indicates that only individuals qualified to work with hazardous voltages should open the enclosure or remove the barrier.
This symbol, when noted on the product, identifies the location of a fuse or current limiting device.
This symbol, when noted on the product, indicates that the marked item can be hot and should not be touched without care.
This symbol, when noted on the product, indicates the presence of devices sensitive to Electro-static Discharge and indicates that care must be taken to prevent damage to them.
This symbol, when noted on the product, identifies a risk of chemical harm and indicates that only individuals qualified and trained to work with chemicals should handle chemicals or perform maintenance on chemical delivery systems associated with the equipment.
This symbol, when noted on the product, indicates the need for protective eye wear.
This symbol, when noted on the product, identifies the location of the connection for Protective Earth (ground).
9
General Information
2.2 DS5, DS5X, Multiprobe
The DS5 and DS5X are designed for in-situ and flow-through applications, and can measure up to 15 or more parameters simultaneously. The DS5 has seven configurable ports that can include up to ten of the following sensors: ambient light, ammonia, chloride, chlorophyll a, rhodamine WT, conductivity, depth, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, ORP, pH, temperature, total dissolved gas, turbidity, and blue-green algae.
Figure 1 DS5 Multiprobe
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
571 mm (22.5 inches)
1.
Calibration Cup
2.
Storage Cup
3.
Locking Screw
4.
Housing
Figure 2
1
DS5X Multiprobe
2 3 4
5.
Bulkhead Connector
6.
Battery Compartment
7.
Bail Attachment
5 6
∅
∅
88 mm
3.45 inches
7
1.
Calibration Cup
2.
Storage Cup
3.
Locking Screw
4.
Housing
571 mm (22.5 inches)
5.
Bulkhead Connector
6.
Battery Compartment
7.
Bail Attachment
∅
∅
88 mm
3.45 inches
10
General Information
2.3 MS5 Multiprobe
The MS5 is a portable instrument used for monitoring and profiling applications. The MS5 has four configurable ports that can include a combination of the following sensors: ammonia, chloride, chlorophyll a, rhodamine WT, conductivity, depth, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, ORP, pH, temperature, total dissolved gas, turbidity, and blue-green algae.
Figure 3 MS5 Multiprobe
1 2 3 4 5 6
∅
∅ 44.5 mm
1.75 inches
1.
Calibration Cap
2.
Calibration Cup
3.
Locking Screw
2.4 Sensor Options
MS5 Sensor Options
724 mm (28.5 inches)
4.
Housing
5.
Battery Compartment
6.
Connector
Hach LDO ® Sensor
Dissolved Oxygen/Conductivity
007455
004467
Dissolved Oxygen 004470
Conductivity 004468
Total Dissolved Gas pH and ORP, with Integrated Reference pH with Integrated Rveference
Low Ionic Strength Reference pH pH and ORP
Chloride
Nitrate
Ammonium/Ammonia
Standard Reference
Circulator 007245
004469
004454
004446
004445
004461
004462
004496
004494
004492
004463
11
General Information
MS5 Sensor Options
2.4.1 DS5 Sensor Options
Sensor
Self-cleaning Turbidity
Standard Turbidity
Chloropyll a
Rhodamine WT
Blue-green Algae
Description
Hach LDO ® Sensor
Dissolved Oxygen/Conductivity
Dissolved Oxygen
Cat. No.
007455
004467
004470
Conductivity 004468
Total Dissolved Gas pH and ORP, with Integrated Reference pH with Integrated Reference
Low Ionic Strength Reference pH pH and ORP
Chloride
Nitrate
Ammonium/Ammonia
Standard Reference
Circulator 007245
004469
004454
004446
004445
004461
004462
004496
004494
004492
004463
4-beam Turbidity (DS5 only) 004524
Standard Turbidity (DS5 only)
Self-cleaning Turbidity
004466
007140
007280
004466
007284
007285
007293
12
2.4.1 DS5 Sensor Options (continued)
Sensor Description
Chlorophyll a
Rhodamine WT
Blue-green Algae
General Information
Cat. No.
007202
007204
007291
13
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Section 3 Installation
DANGER
Only qualified personnel should conduct the tasks described in this section of the manual.
3.1 Unpacking the Instrument
Remove the multiprobe from its shipping carton and inspect it for any visible damage.
Contact Customer Service at 1-800-949-3766 if any items are missing or damaged.
Note: It is normal for a small amount of solution to be in the cup.
3.2 Instrument Assembly
There are many ways to connect a multiprobe to a display or a personal computer.
DANGER
An electrical shock hazard can exist in a wet or outdoor environment, if the multiprobe is powered via the external 115 VAC power supply. The safest and preferred method of powering this equipment in wet or outdoor environments is with battery or solar power (with a combined voltage not to exceed 15 volts). If it is necessary to power the multiprobe with the 115 VAC power supply in a wet or outdoor environment, a Ground Fault Interrupt (GFI) circuit is required. The installation of the GFI device must be done by a licensed electrician.
1.
Remove all protective plugs and keep them in a safe place, they will be used again for moving and storage.
2.
Connect the calibration cable (Cat. No. 013470), or detachable cable (015XXX) to the multiprobe. The connectors are keyed for proper assembly. Align the bigger pin on the multiprobe male connector to the indicator dots on the female cable connector. Do not rotate the cable or force or twist the pins into the connectors to prevent damage to the connector pins.
3.
Power the instrument by connecting the power receptacle from the calibration cable
and external power adapter to an approved battery or power supply (see Figure 4 on page 16
).
4.
Connect the other end of the calibration cable, detachable cable, fixed cable, or external power adapter to the computer serial port.
5.
Start the communications program (Hydras 3 LT).
6.
The software will automatically scan for Sondes. All detected Sondes are displayed in the ‘Connected Sondes’ list in the Main window displayed below. If a Sonde is not found, reattach the data cable and press RE-SCAN FOR SONDES . Retry until the
Sonde(s) are found.
15
Installation
3.3 Power Options
A logging multiprobe can be powered by several sources:
• The DS5 and DS5X have an optional internal battery pack (IBP) holding 8 size C alkaline batteries.
• The MS5 has an optional internal battery pack holding 8 size AA alkaline batteries.
• Both multiprobes can use the external battery pack (EBP).
• Both multiprobes can use either of the following power supplies: the 110 VAC 12 VDC power adapter or the 220 VAC 12 VDC power adapter.
• Both multiprobes can use a customer-supplied 12-volt deep cycle battery with appropriate amp-hour capacity connected via the battery adapter or a cable with a
4-pin female metal shell connector.
• Both multiprobes can be powered using a Surveyor 4a Datalogging Display, which is equipped as a standard with a 7.2V, 3.5 Ah NiMH rechargeable battery.
Note: Multiprobes configured with the Self-cleaning Turbidity and one or more fluorescence sensors
(Chlorophyll a, Rhodamine WT, Blue-green Algae) require either an internal battery pack or an external power source other than the Surveyor.
Figure 4 Power Options
P
110 VAC, 12 VDC Power Adapter (Cat. No. 013450)
P
220 VAC, 12 VDC Power Adapter (Cat. No. 013460)
P
Cigarette Lighter Adapter (Cat. No. 013210)
P
External Battery Pack
(110 VAC, 12 VDC - Cat. No. 011050)
(220 VAC, 12 VDC - Cat. No. 012480)
P
Battery Adapter (Cat. No. 011530HY)
P Refer to Assembly Options.
*Use the correct power cord with the IEC 320 connector.
**To prevent damage, use a regulated 12 VDC adapter. An unregulated 12 VDC adapter may exceed the instrument voltage limit rating.
16
Figure 5 Assembly Options
SURVEYOR
R
Surveyor
®
POWERED BY HYDROLAB TECHNOLOGY
Installation
® ® ®
Windows 98 , NT , 2000 , XP
®
P
Calibration Cable
(Cat. No. 013470)
P
External Power
Adapter Cable
(Cat. No. 013170HY)
P
External Power
Adapter Cable
(Cat. No. 013170HY)
Detachable Cable
(Cat. No. 015XXX)
Fixed Cable
Detachable Cable
(Cat. No. 13470HY)
Requires installation of IBP in multiprobe, unless a
Surveyor4 is used.
P
SDI–12 or
RS485
RS422 Adapter
(Cat. No. 013510)
Detachable Cable
(Cat. No. 015XXX)
Refer to Power Options.
P
17
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Section 4 Operation
Figure 6
CAUTION
When loosening removable parts from a multiprobe, always point those parts away from your body and other people. In extreme conditions, excess pressure may build-up inside any underwater housing, causing the caps, sensors, or other removable parts to disengage with force which may cause serious injury.
The Sondes use Hydras 3 LT or a Surveyor to set up parameters and calibrate the sensors.
Operations Setup
4-pin
Surveyor
®
4a
9-pin
Calibration Cable
Power
Adapter
6-pin
DataSonde ™ or
MiniSonde
™ POWERED BY HYDROLAB TECHNOLOGY
® ® ®
Windows 98 , NT , 2000 , XP
®
4.1 Parameter Setup
4.1.1 Using the Surveyor for Parameter Setup
For more information on the Surveyor, refer to the User Manual (Cat. No. 00719618).
1.
Attach the power and data cable to the Sonde. Attach the 9-pin connector to the
Surveyor.
2.
Turn on the Surveyor. Wait approximately 10 seconds for initialization.
3.
Press SETUP/CAL . Press SETUP . Press SONDE .
4.
Highlight Parameters and press SELECT .
5.
Use the ARROW keys to highlight the appropriate parameter and press SELECT .
6.
Highlight the appropriate function and press SELECT . A configuration screen will be displayed. Depending on the application, use the ARROW keys to change the function, press SELECT and DONE to finish.
19
Operation
4.1.2 Using Hydras 3 LT for Parameter Setup
For more information on Hydras 3 LT, refer to the Quick Start Guide (Cat. No. 6234289) or press the F1 key while Hydras 3 LT is active.
1.
Attach the power and data cable to the Sonde. Attach the 9-pin connector to a PC.
2.
Start Hydras 3 LT. Wait for the software to scan for connected Sondes. Highlight the multiprobe and press OPERATE SONDE .
Note: If the Sonde appears to be connected and the software does not recognize the Sonde connection, remove and replace the connector cable and press RE-SCAN FOR SONDE. Repeat until Hydras 3 LT recognizes the Sonde.
3.
Click on the Parameter Setup tab and select the parameter tab to be configured.
4.
Enter the appropriate values and press SAVE SETTINGS .
4.1.3 Specific Conductance Parameter Setup
For specific conductance set the following functions using Hydras 3 LT or the Surveyor 4a:
• Select the specific conductance function (Fresh, Salt, StdMth, None, or Custom).
• Fresh (default) is based on the manufacture’s freshwater temperature compensation. This function is derived from
20
Operation
0.01N KCI: f (T) = c
1
T 5 + c
2
T 4 + c
3
T 3 + c
4
T 2 + c
5
T + c
6, where: c
1
= 1.4326 x 10 –9 , c
2
= –6.0716 x 10 –8 , c
3
= –1.0665 x 10 –5 , c
5
= –5.3091 x 10 –2 , c
6
= 1.8199.
• Salt is based on the manufacturer’s saltwater compensation. f (T) = c
1
T 7 + c
2
T 6 + c
3
T 5 + c
4
T 4 + c
5
T 3 + c
6
T 2 + c
7
T + c
8 where: c1=1.2813 x 10 –11 , c
2 c
5
= 5.6170 x 10 –5 , c
6
= –2.2129 x 10 –9
= 8.7699 x 10 –4
, c
3
, c
7
= 1.4771 x 10 –7 , c
4
= –4.6475 x 10
=–6.1736 x 10 –2 , c
8
=1.9524.
–6 ,
• StdMth will remove any temperature compensation, so the readings are equivalent to conductivity: f(T)=1.
• Custom will provide a compensation function that the user can define according to the following function: f (T)= aT 7 + bT 6 + cT 5 + dT 4 + eT 3 + fT 2 + gT + h.
• Select the Set Range (1:Auto, 2:High, 3:Mid, or 4:Low).
• Auto (default) allows the multiprobe to automatically select the most appropriate range to measure conductivity. The multiprobe will dynamically change the range based on the current measurement conditions over 0–100 mS/cm. The resolution of the displayed data will also change to accommodate the current range in use.
• High, Mid, and Low force the multiprobe to measure conductivity using a fixed range. If low range is selected, the readings will indicate an over-ranged condition for values above 1.5 mS/cm. The Mid range will over-range at 15 mS/cm. These choices also force the displayed readings to a fixed point or constant resolution format primarily only needed for certain SDI-12 data loggers. Otherwise, it is best to always select the Auto choice as this gives the best accuracy and performance for the conductivity sensor.
• Select the computation method for salinity (1:2311 or 2:StdMth).
• 2311 (default): salinity is computed using an algorithm adapted from the United
States Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2311 titled “Specific Conductance:
Theoretical Considerations and Application to Analytical Quality Control”. This salinity function is only defined from salinities in the 30 to 40 ppt range (mild concentrations and dilutions of sea water). This salinity function uses specific conductance values C in mS/cm compensated.
Salinity = c
1
C 4 + c
2
C 3 + c
3
C 2 + c
4
C + c
5 where: c
1 c
5
= 5.9950 x 10 –8 , c
2
= –2.3120 x 10 –5 , c
= –1.5494 x 10 –2 .
3
= 3.4346 x 10 –3 , c
4
= 5.3532 x 10 –1 ,
• StdMth: salinity will be computed using the Practical Salinity Scale (1978). This algorithm is defined for salinities ranging from 2 to 42 ppt and uses conductivity values corrected to 15 °C, regardless of the compensation function selected for specific conductance. This algorithm is described in section 2520B of “Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater”, 18th edition.
21
Operation
4.1.4 Dissolved Oxygen Parameter Setup
For dissolved oxygen, set the following functions using Hydras 3 LT or the Surveyor:
Enable or Disable Salinity Compensation.
4.1.5 pH Parameter Setup
For pH, set the following functions using Hydras 3 LT or the Surveyor: Select either 2 or 3 calibration points.
4.1.6 Other Parameter Setup
Refer to the sensor specific instruction sheet for more information.
4.2 Calibration
Sensors are checked for calibration before they leave the factory, however calibration needs to be specific for a site and application. Check the calibration prior to the first use.
Calibrate the sensors when:
• Fouling has occurred or is noticeable (site-specific).
• Parameter measurements do not match those of a known calibrated standard.
• Adding or removing certain components for different applications (e.g., the circulator) or when replacing components (e.g., the Teflon junction of the pH reference electrode).
Some system components are affected by time, usage, and the environment. To ensure instrument accuracy, it is recommenced to perform routine tests of the system under standard conditions. The multiprobe can be calibrated in the field or at a facility. Equipment checks and adjustment made before going to the field tend to be more precise than those made under field conditions.
4.2.1 Calibrating the Sensors Using the Surveyor
For more information on the Surveyor, refer to the User Manual (Cat. No. 00719618).
1.
Attach the power and data cable to the Sonde. Attach the 9-pin connector to the
Surveyor.
2.
Turn on the Surveyor. Wait approximately 10 seconds for initialization.
3.
Press SETUP/CAL . Press CALIBRATION . Press SONDE .
4.
Use the ARROW keys to highlight the appropriate parameter and press SELECT .
5.
Highlight the function to program and press SELECT . A calibration screen will be displayed. Depending on the application, use the ARROW keys to change the function, press SELECT , and DONE to finish the calibration.
22
Operation
4.2.2 Calibrating the Sensors Using Hydras 3 LT
For more information on Hydras 3 LT, refer to the Quick Start Guide (Cat. No. 6234289) or press the F1 key while Hydras 3 LT is active.
1.
Attach the power and data cable to the Sonde. Attach the 9-pin connector to a PC.
2.
Start Hydras 3 LT. Wait for the software to scan for connected Sondes. Highlight the multiprobe and press OPERATE SONDE .
Note: If the Sonde appears to be connected and the software does not recognize the Sonde connection, remove and replace the connector cable and press RE-SCAN FOR SONDE. Repeat until Hydras 3 LT recognizes the Sonde.
3.
Click on the Calibration Tab and click on the parameter to be calibrated.
4.
Enter the calibration values and click CALIBRATE .
23
Operation
4.2.3 Calibration Preparation
The following is a general outline of the steps required to calibrate all the sensors.
• Select a calibration standard whose value is near the field samples.
• Clean and prepare the sensors.
• To ensure accuracy of calibration, discard used calibration standards appropriately.
Do not reuse calibration standards.
1.
Remove Sensor Guard.
2.
Attach the
Calibration Cup.
3.
Unscrew and remove the cap from the
Calibration Cup.
4.
Fill the Calibration Cup half-full with deionized water.
5.
Place the Cap on the
Calibration Cup.
6.
Shake the Sonde to make sure each sensor is free from contaminants that might alter the calibration standard. Repeat several times.
7.
In a similar manner, rinse the sensors twice with a small portion of the calibration standard, each time discarding the rinse.
8.
Complete the calibration.
24
Operation
4.2.4 Temperature Sensor Calibration
The temperature sensor is factory-set and does not require recalibration.
4.2.5 Specific Conductance Calibration
Note: TDS measurements are based on specific conductance and a user-defined scale factor.
The factory default scale is 0.64 g/L / mS/cm.
This procedure calibrates TDS, raw Conductivity, and Salinity. Specific conductance requires a two-point calibration. Calibrate the sensor to zero and then to the slope buffer.
1.
Pour the specific conductance standard to within a centimeter of the top of the
Calibration Cup.
2.
Make sure there are no bubbles in the measurement cell of the specific conductance sensor.
3.
Enter the SpCond standard for mS/cm or µS/cm using Hydras 3 LT software or a
Surveyor 4a.
4.2.6 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Calibration
4.2.6.1 D.O. %Saturation Calibration Standard (Saturated-Air Method)
Note: Calibration of D.O. %Saturation also calibrates D.O. mg/L.
1.
Fill the Calibration Cup with deionized or tap water (specific conductance less than
0.5 mS/cm) until the water is just below the membrane O-ring.
2.
Carefully remove any water droplets from the membrane with the corner of a tissue.
Note: D.O. can also be calibrated in a well stirred bucket of temperature-stable, air-saturated water.
This situation resembles the actual field measurement conditions, but is more difficult to accomplish reliably.
3.
Turn the black calibration cup cover upside down (concave upward) and lay it over the top of the Calibration Cup. Wait for reading to stabilize.
4.
Determine the true barometric pressure for entry as the calibration standard.
Barometric pressure information can be obtained from a local weather station or airport or the Surveyor 4a (if equipped with BP). Some facilities calibrate BP at sea level, an elevation correction will need to be made.
25
Operation
Local Barometric Pressure, BP, in mmHG can be estimated using: or BP' = 760 – 2.5(A m
/30.5) BP' = 760– 2.5(A ft
/100) where:
BP' = Barometric Pressure at altitude
BP = Barometric Pressure at sea level
A ft
= Altitude in feet
A m
= Altitude in meters
If using the local weather bureau BP, remember these numbers are corrected to sea level. To calculate the uncorrected atmospheric pressure BP’, use on the following equations: or BP' = BP – 2.5(A m
/30.5) BP' = BP – 2.5(A ft
/100) where:
BP' = Barometric Pressure at altitude
BP = Barometric Pressure at sea level
A ft
= Altitude in feet
A m
= Altitude in meters
Local barometric pressure in mbar (BPmbar) can be converted to local barometric pressure in mmHG (BPmmHg) using:
BPmmHG = 0.75 x BPmbar
5.
Enter the barometric pressure in millimeters of Mercury (mmHg) at the site using
Hydras 3 LT software or a Surveyor 4a.
4.2.6.2 D.O. mg/L Calibration Standard (Known Concentration Method)
Note: Calibration of D.O. mg/L also calibrates D.O. %Saturation.
1.
Immerse the sensor in a water bath for which the D.O. concentration in mg/L is known
(for instance, by Winkler titration). This calibration method is more difficult to perform than the saturated-air method but can yield a higher accuracy if the "known" D.O. concentration is highly accurate.
2.
Enter the barometric units (mmHg) using Hydras 3 LT or a Surveyor 4a.
3.
Enter the D.O. units in mg/L using Hydras 3 LT or a Surveyor 4a.
Note: If there is a change in barometric pressure after calibration (for instance, if barometric pressure drops as you move the calibrated Transmitter to a higher elevation for deployment), the readings for D.O. %Saturation will not be correct. You must enter a new barometric pressure.
However, the readings for D.O. mg/L will be correct regardless of changes in barometric pressure.
26
Operation
4.2.7 Pressure Sensor Calibration
Note: The density of water varies with its specific conductance. Pressure readings are corrected for specific conductance.
1.
Remove water from the calibration cup.
2.
Enter zero for the standard using Hydras 3 LT or a Surveyor 4a.
4.2.8 pH/ORP Calibration
1.
Pour the pH or ORP standard to within a centimeter of the top of the cup.
2.
Enter the units for pH or ORP using Hydras 3 LT or a Surveyor 4a.
Note: pH is a two-point or three-point calibration. A pH standard between 6.8 and 7.2 is treated as the “zero” and all other values are treated as the “slope”. First calibrate “zero”, then calibrate “slope”.
After the sensors have been properly maintained, the sensors can be calibrated. Always allow sufficient time for thermal stabilization of the standards. To reduce the time for stabilization, try to keep all calibration standards and equipment stored at the same temperature before parameter calibration. Always use fresh standard and do not tamper with standards.
4.2.9 Other Sensor Calibrations
Refer to the sensor specific instruction sheet for more information.
4.3 Using the DS5/MS5 for Short Term Deployments
4.3.1 Gathering Data Using the Surveyor
Refer to the Surveyor Manual (Cat. No. 003070).
4.3.2 Gathering Data Using a PC and Hydras 3 LT
For online monitoring and real-time monitoring information, refer to the Hydras 3 LT Quick
Start Guide (Cat. No. 6234289).
4.3.3 Using the DS5/DS5X/MS5 for Unattended Monitoring
4.3.3.1 Creating Log Files
Note: A log file must be created and then enabled before data can be collected.
1.
Connect the Data Cable to a computer and to the Sonde.
2.
Start Hydras 3 LT. The software will automatically scan for Sondes. All detected
Sondes are displayed in the ‘Connected Sondes’ list in the Main window displayed below. If a Sonde is not found, reattach the data cable and press RE-SCAN FOR
SONDES . Retry until the Sonde(s) are found.
3.
Click on the Log Files tab.
4.
Click the CREATE button.
5.
Enter the name for the new log file. The empty log file is now created.
27
Operation
6.
Enter the start and end time of the logging, the logging interval, the sensor warm-up time before logging, and how long before logging the circulator will be turned on, and if audio signals will be used while logging.
7.
Select the parameters in the ‘Parameter in Sonde’ list and click the ADD button to place them into the ‘Parameters in log file’ list. Change the order of the parameters using the ARROW buttons.
8.
Click UPDATE SETTING to send the configuration to the Sonde.
9.
Click ENABLE to start collecting data .
Click DISABLE to stop collecting data during logging. A fully completed logging run will automatically disable at the end of the run.
10. Click DOWNLOAD to download and display the log file. Select Printable or
Spreadsheet format.
Note: To delete a log file, select the log file in the Log File drop-down menu and click the DELETE button.
4.3.3.2 Downloading Log Files
After a log file is created in the Log Files tab, the files can be downloaded by checking the appropriate Log File box and clicking DOWNLOAD SELECTED FILES . Multiple files can be downloaded at once. The downloaded log files are stored in the ‘LogFiles’ subdirectory of the HYDRAS 3 LT directory on the hard drive.
28
Section 5 Deployment
5.1 Deployment Considerations
5.1.1 Pressure Extremes
Note: The multiprobe maximum immersion depth is 225 meters (738 feet).
Note: The ion specific sensors (Nitrate, Ammonia, and Chloride) maximum deployment depth is
15 meters.
Important Note: The 0–10 meter vented depth sensor should be protected from depths over 15 meters (49 feet) by installing the seal screw (provided in the basic maintenance kit) in the face of the multiprobe sensor cap. Likewise, the 0–25 depth sensor should be protected from depths over 35 meters (164 feet) by installing the same seal screw.
However, the 100- and 200-meter depth sensors do not require installation of the seal screw.
The mulitprobe may be equipped with one of the following depth options:
0–10 meters (33 feet), 0 to 25, 0 to 100, and 0 to 200 meters (82, 328, and 656 feet).
The first option is used to detect water level changes that are automatically compensated for barometric pressure changes. Applications include tidal waters, rivers, stream, lakes, reservoirs, and groundwater. The vented level option must have a fixed cable with a vent tube. The second, third, and fourth options are usually used to determine the depth in the water column at which the other parameter readings are made.
5.1.2 Temperature Extremes
The multiprobe storage temperature range is 1 to 50 °C (34 to 122 °F), non-freezing, when going or coming back from a deployment site, or when storing the multiprobe.
The mulitprobe operating temperature range is –5 to 50 °C (23 to 122 °F), non-freezing.
Exposing the multiprobe to temperatures outside this range may result in mechanical damage or faulty electronic performance.
To prevent sensors from freezing, store the multiprobe where freezing will not occur.
To prevent the sensors from dehydrating, fill the DS storage cup or MS cup with one inch of clean tap water.
Always rinse the multiprobe with clean tap water after deployment.
5.1.3 Data Transmission Lines
When adding a transmission cable to the multiprobe, the cable must be large enough to carry the operating current and transfer data without distortion. For up to a total of 305 m
(1000 ft) of cable, three 26 AWG wires are suitable for data transmission, but two 18 AWG must be used for the power wires. Alternatively, smaller power wires can be used if the power supply is placed closer to the multiprobe. A cable extension kit is available for
above-ground applications ( Replacement Parts and Accessories on page 47 ).
5.1.4 Minimum Depth Requirements
Sensors must be immersed. The Standard Turbidity Sensor minimum deployment depth is 1 meter.
29
Deployment
5.2 Deployment in Open Waters
5.2.1 Minimum Clearance Requirements
Two inches of clearance is required from the longest probe and two inches around if a
Turbidity sensor is supplied.
5.2.2 Long-term Deployment in Open Waters
Important Note: The use of pipe clamps to secure the Sonde can cause serious instrument damage.
When using the multiprobe in open water, place the multiprobe where it will not get damaged. For example, to protect the multiprobe from being hit by floating debris in moderate-to high-flow levels, anchor the multiprobe to the downstream side of a bridge
). The protection kit can also be used to protect the multiprobe. In a recreational lake deployment, use a marking buoy that will not attract vandalism.
Place the multiprobe in an upright or on-side position, and avoid areas with deposits of sand, gravel, or silt during heavy rainfall. Avoid deploying in location where ice will form around the sensors or Sonde.
Figure 7 Securing the Multiprope to a Structure
FLOW
30
Deployment
When securing the multiprobe to a structure, carefully place straps such as web belts and
large plastic Ty-wraps on both ends of the mulitiprobe housing ( Figure 7
). Do not use clamps to secure the multiprobe to a structure. Also, secure the cable in the same manner to protect it from floating debris, navigation, and vandalism.
Always make sure the weighted sensor guard is installed to protect the sensors and provide additional sinking weight to the multiprobe.
Calibration stability is dependent on the environmental conditions in which the sonde is deployed. For example, a D.O. sensor on a DS5 or MS5 may become fouled if deployed in a warm, shallow, biologically active lake. However, deployment length can be increased by a factor of 5 by using a DS5X which periodically cleans the fouling from the sensors.
On the other hand, the same sonde deployed in a clean water environment, or a sonde configured with sensors impervious to fouling (i.e., Temperature, Conductivity) can be left unattended for months without the need to recalibrate. Optimal deployment time for a specific environment can be determined by making periodic measurements of sensitive parameters with another instrument.
5.2.2.1 Anchoring the DS5 or DS5X using the Support Bail
1.
Run a rope or chain through the bail, if the Sonde is equipped with a support bail.
2.
Fix the bail into the two eyebolts on the top of the Sonde by first loosening the lock-nuts and turning the eyebolt 90°, and then back, so that the bail can be looped through.
3.
Securely tighten the lock-nut on each eyebolt. If the mulitprobe is not equipped with internal batteries, it may not have a bail but can be secured using the locking sleeve.
Figure 8
1
DS5 Support Bail Installation
2 3 4 5
1.
Turn the eye bolts to the positions shown.
2.
Hook the bail into the eye bolt as shown.
3.
Rotate the bail into the other eye bolt as shown.
4.
Rotate the eye bolt around the bail as shown.
5.
Finish rotating the eye bolts until the bail cannot be removed.
31
Deployment
5.2.2.2 Anchoring the MS5 using the Bail Kit
Figure 9 MS5 Support Bail Installation
1 2 3 4 5
1.
Turn the eye bolts to the positions shown.
2.
Hook the bail into the eye bolt as shown.
3.
Rotate the bail into the other eye bolt as shown.
4.
Rotate the eye bolt around the bail as shown.
5.
Finish rotating the eye bolts until the bail cannot be removed.
5.2.2.3 Anchoring the MS5 using the Mooring Fixture
A MS5 equipped with an internal battery pack requires the MS5 mooring fixture which screws onto the mulitprobe bulkhead connector and provides an eyelet for rope or wire when no cable is used during deployment.
Figure 10 MS5 Mooring Fixture
1 2
1.
Mooring fixture used with rope or chain.
32
2.
Mooring fixture used with eye bolt.
Deployment
5.2.3 Short-term Deployment in Open Waters
Generally, short-term deployment implies hand-held operation.
Figure 11
Important Note: Do not pull Sonde from a moving boat or instrument damage may occur and voids the instrument warranty.
• Do not lower the mulitprobe into the water without screwing on the weighted sensor guard.
• Secure the underwater cable prior to deployment.
• Do not place the instrument where the cable might be severed or damage by boat propellers or any moving parts on a monitoring system.
• Protect all cables from abrasion, unnecessary tension, repetitive flexure, or bending over sharp radii (boat gunwale or a bridge railing).
• Do not bend or run the cable over the sheave or pulleys with less than 3-inch radius or
6 inches in diameter.
• Use the V-shaped support bail to lift and lower the multiprobe, if so equipped.
This ensure that the weight of the mulitprobe is suspended from the bail. If the multiprobe is equipped with a locking sleeve instead of a support bail, make sure the locking sleeve or the MiniSonde mooring fixture are properly screwed on the multiprobe 6-pin marine bulkhead connector before deployment.
•
Extra weight, up to 5 kg (10 lb) maximum, can be attached to the Sonde ( Figure 11 ).
If more weight is needed, use a wire line to support the instrument by its bail, if so equipped.
• Use a battery-powered or hand-cranked reel with electrical slip-rings to lower and raise the instrument, if the cables are very long. A lighter reel without slip-rings for
shorter cables can also be used ( Figure 12
).
• If sufficient deck space permits, mount the reel horizontally with the instrument and a battery installed in the hub (
Figure 12 ). The manufacturer’s cable reel can also be
used to store up to 150 m (490 ft) of underwater cable (the reel must be ordered with the initial underwater cable purchase.
• In deep deployments currents, in conjunction with the sensor guard, can put extreme strains on the cabling.
Using the Weighted Sensor Guard
1 2
3
1.
DS5 Sensor Guard
2.
DS5
4
3.
MS5 Sensor Guard
4.
MS5
33
Deployment
Figure 12 Open Water Deployment
34
Deployment
5.2.4 Minimum Flow Requirements
When deploying the multiprobe in waters flowing at less than one foot per second
(0.333 mps), a circulator option may be used for additional flow for reliable Clark-cell
Dissolved Oxygen sensor readings. The circulator is activated via Hydras 3 LT software or the Surveyor.
Turning the circulator on or off will help during profiling and logging D.O. with a Clark Cell
Sensor, depending on the flow rate of the water at the site. If insufficient flow rate is noticeable, turn the circulator on. Turn the circulator off to extend battery life when data is not needed for an extended period of time. Turn the circulator on when logging data in unattended mode and need to have sufficient flow for accurate measurements, note that this will reduce multiprobe battery life.
When the multiprobe is powered, it takes time to warm-up. The warm-up time refers to the time a sensor will be ready to record accurate data. Warm-up time will vary according to the sensors being used and field conditions (e.g. temperature).
5.2.5 Non-submersible Deployment
DANGER
Do not let the flow cell pressure exceed 15 psig. Higher pressure can burst the flow cell, possibly causing serious bodily injury to oneself and/or others.
For process or pump-through situations, attach the low-pressure flow-cell to the mulitprobe. This configuration allows studying the water without submerging the multiprobe. The flow cell replaces the DS storage cup or MS cup (
). When measuring D.O. with a Clark Cell Sensor inside a flow cell, the manufacturer recommends using a circulator in conjunction with the sensor. For use without a circulator, use a flow rate of more than 4 liters per minute. A ½-inch hose is required for the MS flow cell and a
¾-inch hose for the DS flow cell.
Filter debris from the feed line, if necessary. If possible, invert the multiprobe, so that bubbles will float away from the sensors and out the port on the bottom of the flow cell.
35
Deployment
Figure 13 Flow Cells
4
4
1
5
1.
DS flow cell
2.
MS flow cell (with standard turbidity sensor)
3.
MS flow cell
5
2
4.
Sample flow IN
5.
Sample flow OUT
5
3
4
36
Section 6 Maintenance
DANGER
Only qualified personnel should conduct the maintenance tasks described in this section of the manual.
To ensure continued and reliable operation of the water quality monitoring system, we recommend scheduling a thorough and regular maintenance program. To determine the appropriate maintenance intervals required for a deployment site, periodically conduct a visual inspection of the equipment and sensors, compare the pre- and post-calibration results, and monitor the sensor response time.
A contaminated, worn-out, or damaged sensor will not produce reliable readings. It is recommended to service all sensors and allow them to equilibrate in tap water overnight before calibration.
Maintenance kits are available for the DS5, DS5X, and MS5. See
6.1 Multiprobe and Accessory Maintenance
6.1.1 Cleaning the Multiprobe Housing
Clean the outside of the multiprobe housing using a clean brush, soap, and water. Always use the DS storage cup or the MS cup (filled with one inch of tap water) to protect the sensors from damage, and especially from drying out, whenever the multiprobe is not deployed.
Do not expose equipment to extreme temperatures below 1 °C (34 °F) or above
50 °C (122 °F).
Always rinse the multiprobe with clean tap water soon after returning from deployment.
6.1.2 Dryer Maintenance
Important Note: Do not submerge the dryer in water.
The in-line vented level dryer is a part of the cable and penetrator assembly, if the Sonde has the vented depth sensor (0–10 meters).
The GORE-TEX ® patch (round patch on dryer) allows gases to come into the dryer without any water leaks. Any water leaks inside the dryer can block the tube which goes into the multiprobe. If water leaks are detected, contact Technical Support.
The dryer contains desiccant bag(s) (white bag) to keep condensation from forming inside the vented tube which goes from the dryer to the multiprobe. If moisture is detected
inside the dryer, replace the bags ( Figure 14
).
To replace the desiccant bag(s):
1.
Unscrew both dryer nuts and unscrew the dryer cap.
2.
Inspect the indicator strip. If the stripe is dark blue, the bag does not need replacement. If the stripe is light pink or purple, remove, discard, and replace the old bag.
3.
Reassemble the dryer.
37
Maintenance
Figure 14 Dryer Maintenance
3
2
1
4
1.
Dryer Nuts (2)
2.
Dryer Cap
3.
Desiccate Packet
4.
Gore-tex Patch
6.1.3 FreshFlow™ Miniature Sample Circulator Maintenance
1.
If the circulator is clogged with twigs or other small debris, clean the impeller with some tap water using a soft bristle brush. Use a pair of plastic tweezers to help remove debris. Rinse with tap water.
2.
If there is excessive build-up on the impeller, remove the retaining screw to clean the build-up. After cleaning the impeller, and before inserting the retaining screw, apply a very small amount of Loctite™ 242 threadlock (or equivalent) on the tip of the screw.
Do not overtighten.
6.2
6.2.1
Battery Replacement
If the multiprobe is equipped with an internal battery pack, the following batteries are customer-replaceable. The Sondes are also equipped with a customer-replaceable
Lithium clock battery.
• 8 size C alkaline batteries for the DS5 and DS5X
• 8 size AA alkaline batteries for the MS5
Important Note: To keep internal components dry, avoid replacing batteries near a water source
Important Note: If water leaks into the multiprobe battery compartment, remove the batteries, pour the water out, and thoroughly dry the compartment with a towel.
DS5 and DS5X Battery Replacement
DANGER
If the thumbscrew is difficult to remove, there may be pressure built up inside the housing. To avoid serious injury, use extreme caution when loosening the battery cap thumbscrew.
DANGER
Batteries must be installed in the correct orientation or serious injury and instrument damage may occur. Do not mix depleted and fresh batteries together or serious injury and instrument damage may occur.
38
Maintenance
Figure 15
1
2
Use only high quality, non-rechargeable batteries in the DS5 or DS5X multiprobe. Refer to
and the following directions for DS5 and DS5X battery replacement.
1.
Set the multiprobe horizontally on the work surface to prevent water leaking into the mulitprobe battery compartment.
2.
Unscrew the battery cap thumbscrew, counterclockwise.
3.
Pull the cap out of its housing and slide the old batteries out.
4.
Discard the old batteries. Insert the new batteries, observing polarity markings
located on the inside label. Failure to install the batteries in the correct orientation may cause serious injury and instrument damage.
5.
Coat the battery cap O-rings sparingly with silicone grease. Insert the cap back into the multiprobe housing. Tighten the thumbscew, clockwise. Finger-tighten only.
DS5 and DS5X Battery Replacement
1.
Battery Cap
6.2.2
2.
Battery Cap Screw
MS5 Battery Replacement
DANGER
Batteries must be installed in the correct orientation or serious injury and instrument damage may occur.
DANGER
Do not mix depleted and fresh batteries together or serious injury and instrument damage may occur.
1.
Set the multiprobe horizontally on the work surface to prevent water leaking into the mulitprobe battery compartment.
39
Maintenance
Figure 16
2.
Unscrew the battery sleeve. Slide the battery sleeve off of the Sonde.
3.
Discard the old batteries. Insert the new batteries, observing polarity markings
located on the inside label. Failure to install the batteries in the correct orientation may cause serious injury and instrument damage.
4.
Secure the new batteries with the top and bottom rubber bands (
5.
Coat the battery sleeve O-rings sparingly with silicone grease.
6.
Screw the battery sleeve back on the Sonde. Do not overtighten or instrument damage will occur.
7.
Discard batteries according to local regulations.
MS5 Battery Replacement
1 6
3
4
5
2
1.
Remove the Battery Sleeve
2.
Remove depleted AA Batteries
3.
Top Retaining Rubberband
4.
Bottom Retaining Rubberband
5.
Proper Battery Placement
6.
Replace the Battery Sleeve
6.2.3 Lithium Battery Replacement
The typical replacement period for the lithium battery is once every two years. The lithium battery powers the real-time clock that provides accurate time readings during datalogging. Refer to
and Figure 18 and the following instructions for proper
lithium battery replacement.
1.
Remove the Allen screws with the Allen wrench to remove the multiprobe sensor cap.
To help remove the DataSonde 4 sensor cap, insert the screwdriver head into the notches on the mulitprobe housing at the bottom of the sensor cap.
40
Maintenance
Figure 17
2.
Unscrew the battery sleeve and slide the sleeve off of the Sonde. Avoid damage to the
PCB.
3.
Detach the 10-pin connector ribbon cable.
4.
Pull the battery clip away from the battery and let the battery slide out of the clip and fall on the work surface.
5.
Insert the new battery (Panasonic reference: CR 2032, or equivalent). Observe the polarity; match the positive sign on the battery with the positive sign on the battery clip. Reattach the 10-pin connector. To facilitate the connector reattachment, close the two black retainer clips halfway before inserting the 10-pin connector.
6.
Apply some silicone grease on the sensor cap O-rings.
7.
Insert the PCB and sensor cap assembly, aligning the board with its components.
8.
Tighten the Allen screws. Do not overtighten.
9.
Reset the time and date after replacing the lithium battery. Then enter the time of the location and press ENTER .
10. Discard batteries according to local regulations
1
Replacing the Lithium Battery on the DS5 or DS5X
2
3
4
1.
Allen Screw
2.
Housing
3.
Battery Clip
4.
Lithium Battery
41
Maintenance
Figure 18 Replacing the Lithium Battery on the MS5
1 2 3
4
5
1.
Allen Screw
2.
Housing
3.
Battery Sleeve
4.
Battery Clip
5.
Lithium Battery
6.3 Storage and Care Recommendations
6.3.1 Mulitprobe and Sensor Storage
• Fill the DS storage cup or MS cup with one inch of clean tap water and screw the cup on the multiprobe. To prevent sensors from freezing, store the multiprobe where freezing will not occur.
• Remove batteries for long-term storage. (8 size C alkaline batteries for the DS5 or
DS5X or 8 size AA alkaline batteries for the MS5). Do not remove the lithium battery which powers the mulitprobe internal clock.
• Store equipment in a carrying case (Cat. No. 011780) or a large plastic container with a circular piece of foam rubber for shock protection.
• Lay the cable coils of at least 15 cm (6 in.) in diameter at the bottom of the plastic container.
6.3.2 Electrical Cable Care
• Protect all non-waterproof cables (i.e., all cables except the waterproof underwater cable) from any water source during operation in the field. Keep connectors dry at all times.
• Properly lubricate the sealing surface of all underwater connectors using silicone grease.
• Use protective plugs when the connectors (for underwater and calibration cables) are not connected to any instrument.
• Keep all cables clean, dry, and stored (neatly coiled), in a large plastic container.
• Do not coil cables any tighter than 6 inches in diameter or cable will be damaged.
42
Maintenance
• Do not knot the cables or use clips to mark a certain depth.
• Do not place the instrument where the cable might be severed or damaged by boat propellers or other moving parts.
• Protect all cables from abrasion, unnecessary tension, repetitive flexure, or bending over sharp radii (e.g., the side of a boat or of a bridge). Do not bend or run the cable over the sheave or pulleys with less than a 6-inch diameter.
• If cables are long, use a battery-powered or hand-cranked reel with electrical slip-rings to lower and raise the instrument. Also, a lighter reel without slip-rings for shorter cables can be used. A last option, is to mount the reel horizontally with the instrument and battery installed in the hub.
• Use the V-shaped support bail to lift and lower the multiprobe.
• Do not apply more than 5 kilograms (10 lb) of sinking weight to the multiprobe. This can increase the possibility of cable breakage due to stress on the attachment points.
If more weight is needed, use a wire line to support the instrument by its bail.
6.4 Sensor Maintenance
Important Note: If a sensor is not in use, insert an optional sensor expansion port plug in the vacant expansion port to prevent any contamination or damage during maintenance, operation, or storage.
6.5 Dissolved Oxygen Maintenance
Dissolved oxygen sensor maintenance is required when the membrane covering the cell becomes wrinkled, bubbled, torn, dirty, fouled, or otherwise damaged.
1.
Remove the O-ring securing the D.O. membrane. Remove the old membrane.
Shake out the old electrolyte and rinse with fresh D.O. electrolyte.
2.
Refill with fresh D.O. electrolyte until there is a perceptible meniscus of electrolyte rising above the entire electrode surface of the sensor.
3.
Make sure there are no bubbles in the electrolyte.
4.
Hold one end of a new membrane against the body of the D.O. sensor with your thumb and with a smooth, firm motion, stretch the other end of the membrane over the sensor surface and hold it in place with your index finger.
43
Maintenance
5.
Secure the membrane with the O-ring. Make sure there are no wrinkles in the membrane or bubbles in the electrolyte.
6.
Trim away the excess membrane extending below the O-ring.
7.
Proper membrane assembly.
8.
Let the sensor soak a minimum of 4 hours
(90% relaxed). Ideally, the sensor should soak for 24 hours.
Note: Readings may initially drift if calibrated before the membrane is fully relaxed.
6.6 Specific Conductance, Salinity, and TDS Maintenance
Clean the oval measurement cell on the specific conductance sensor with a small, non-abrasive brush or cotton swab. Use soap to remove grease, oil, or biological growth.
Rinse with water.
6.7 ORP Sensor Maintenance
If the platinum band or stud of the ORP sensor gets dirty and/or discolored, polish it with a clean cloth and a very mild abrasive, such as toothpaste; or use a fine polishing strip.
Rinse with water. Soak the sensor overnight in tap water to allow the platinum surface to restabilize.
6.8 pH Electrode Maintenance
If the pH sensor is coated with oil, sediment, or biological growth, clean the glass with a very clean, soft, wet non-scratching cloth or cotton ball with mild soap. Rinse with tap water.
44
Maintenance
6.8.1 Standard Reference Electrode
1.
Gently pull the entire reference sleeve away from the Transmitter.
2.
Discard the old electrolyte from the reference sleeve.
3.
Drop two KCl salt pellets
(Cat. No. 005376HY) into the reference sleeve.
4.
Refill the sleeve to the top with reference electrolyte.
Note: The porous Teflon ® Reference Junction is the most important part of the pH and ORP performance. Make sure it is clean and passes electrolyte readily. If not, replace it with the spare provided in the maintenance kit. Replacement Reference
Junctions are Cat. No. 000548HY.
Note: When seating the reference sleeve, trapped air and excess electrolyte are purged. This purging flushes and cleans the porous Teflon ® Reference Junction.
5.
With the Transmitter sensors pointed down, push the full reference sleeve back onto its mount until the sleeve has just covered the
O-ring located on the mount (just behind the silver electrode).
6.
Turn the Transmitter so that the sensors point up and push the sleeve the rest of the way onto its mount. Rinse with tap water.
45
Maintenance
6.8.2 pH Integrated Sensor
1.
Remove the plastic soaking cap. Save the cap for reuse.
2.
Use the supplied screwdriver to loosen the Teflon ®
Reference Junction.
3.
Remove the Teflon
Reference Junction and discard if dirty or clogged.
4.
Replace the blue O-ring located below the Teflon
Reference Junction if it is damaged or loose.
5.
Drop two KCI salt pellets
(Cat. No. 00537HY) into the reference opening.
6.
Inject the pH reference electrolyte into the supplied plastic syringe.
7.
Refill the reference opening with electrolyte.
8.
Use the supplied screwdriver to install the new Teflon
Reference Junction
(Cat. No. 002770HY).
6.9 Temperature Sensor Maintenance
Use soap or rubbing alcohol to remove grease, oil, or biological growth and rinse with water. Do not use any objects to poke the sensor or the transducer membrane will rupture.
6.10 Pressure Sensor Maintenance
1.
If calcium deposits are forming in the port, squirt vinegar into the pressure sensor port with a syringe and soak overnight.
2.
Soap or rubbing alcohol may be used to remove grease, oil, or biological material.
Rinse with water. Do not use any objects to poke the sensor or the transducer membrane will rupture.
6.11 Other Sensor Maintenance
Refer to the sensor specific instruction sheet for more information.
46
Section 7 Replacement Parts and Accessories
Replacement Parts
Description
110 VAC Power Adapter
220 VAC Power Adapter
110 VAC External Battery Pack
220 VAC External Battery Pack
Battery Adapter
Battery Plug
Cable, 5 meter
Cable, 10 meter
Cable, 15 meter
Cable, 25 meter
Cable, 30 meter
Cable, 50 meter
Cable, 75 meter
Cable, 100 meter
Cable, 150 meter
Cable, 200 meter
Cable Reel
Carrying Case
Calibration Cable
Calibration Stand
CD Kit, Hydras 3 LT Software
Cigarette Lighter Adapter
Conductivity Standard—0.1 mS/cm
Conductivity Standard—1.413 mS/cm
Conductivity Standard—12.856 mS/cm
Conductivity Standard—47.6 mS/cm
Conductivity Standard—0.5 mS/cm
DataSonde 4a Bail Kit
DataSonde 4a Flow Cell
DataSonde 4a Pipe Kit
DataSonde Basic Maintenance Kit
DataSonde Storage Cup (Large)
DataSonde Storage Cup Cap (Large)
DataSonde/MiniSonde D.O. Maintenance Kit
DataSonde/MiniSonde pH Maintenance Kit
DataSonde Weighted Sensor Guard (Large)
D.O. Electrolyte
D.O. Membranes
D.O. Membrane O-ring
External Power Adapter
Macintosh Adapter
MiniSonde 4a Bail Kit
Qty Required Catalog Number each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each
013730
011780
013470
013910
6234200
013210
013610HY
013620HY
013640HY
013650HY
013770HY
013850
014120
013540
014680HY
003608
003609HY
013430HY
013410HY
014110HY
000537HY
002589HY
000498HY
013170
013740
013950
013450
013460HY
011050
012480
011530HY
004164HY
015005
015010
015015HY
015025
015030
015050
015075
015100
015150
015200
47
Replacement Parts and Accessories
Replacement Parts
Description
MiniSonde 4a Flow Cell
MiniSonde 4a Flow Cell (for use with turbidity sensor)
MiniSonde Basic Maintenance Kit
MiniSonde Weighted Sensor Guard, black (extended)
MiniSonde Weighted Sensor Guard, black (standard)
MiniSonde Weighted Sensor Guard, white (extended)
MiniSonde Weighted Sensor Guard, white (standard)
MiniSonde Mooring Fixture
MiniSonde 4a Pipe Kit
MiniSonde Storage Cup Cap O-ring
MiniSonde Storage Cup
MiniSonde Storage Cup (extended)
MiniSonde 4a Weighted Sensor Guard
Modem Adapter pH Reference Electrolyte
Potassium Chloride Pellets (99% KCl)
Profiler Data Analysis Software
Retaining Bands
SDI-12 Adapter Cable
SDI-12 and RS232 Adapter
Small Teflon Junction
Thumbscrew for Battery Plug
Qty Required Catalog Number each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each each
013520HY
014610
013280
013760
013330
014910
014920
013530
013550
002811
003306
003395HY
014130
012650
005308HY
005379HY
013350
005363
013510
013790
002770HY
003301
48
Section 8 How to Order
U.S.A. Customers
By Telephone:
6:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. MST
Monday through Friday
(800) 949-3766
By Fax:
(970)461-3921
By Mail:
Hach Environmental
P.O. Box 389
Loveland, Colorado 80539-0389 U.S.A.
Ordering information by e-mail: [email protected]
Ordering Information Required
• Account number (if available)
• Your name and phone number
• Purchase order number
• Brief description or model number
• Billing address
• Shipping address
• Catalog number
• Quantity
International Customers
Hach Environmental maintains a worldwide network of dealer and distributers. To locate the representative nearest you, send an e-mail to: [email protected] or contact:
Hach Environmental; Loveland, Colorado, U.S.A.
Telephone: (970) 669-3050; Fax: (970) 669-2932
Technical and Customer Service (U.S.A. only)
Hach Environmental Technical and Customer Service Department personnel are eager to answer questions about our products and their use.
Call 1 (800) 949–3766 or e-mail [email protected]
49
Section 9 Repair Service
Authorization must be obtained from Hach Company before sending any items for repair. Please contact the Hach Service Center serving your location.
In the United States and Outside Europe:
Hach Company
Hach Environmental Product Repair
North Dock
5600 Lindbergh Drive
Loveland, CO 80539-0389
Telephone: (800) 227-4224 ext 2080
Fax: (970) 461-3924
In Europe:
OTT Messtechnik GMBH & Co. KG
Ludwigstrasse 16
87437 Kempten
Germany
Telephone: +49/(0)831/5617-0
Fax: +49/(0)831/5617-209
50
Section 10 Limited Warranty
Hach Company warrants its products to the original purchaser against any defects that are due to faulty material or workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment unless otherwise noted in the product manual.
In the event that a defect is discovered during the warranty period, Hach Company agrees that, at its option, it will repair or replace the defective product or refund the purchase price excluding original shipping and handling charges. Any product repaired or replaced under this warranty will be warranted only for the remainder of the original product warranty period.
This warranty does not apply to consumable products such as chemical reagents; or consumable components of a product, such as, but not limited to, lamps and tubing.
Contact Hach Company or your distributor to initiate warranty support. Products may not be returned without authorization from Hach Company.
Limitations
This warranty does not cover:
• Damage caused by acts of God, natural disaster, labor unrest, acts of war (declared or undeclared), terrorism, civil strife or acts of any governmental jurisdiction
• Damage caused by misuse, neglect, accident or improper application or installation
• Damage caused by any repair or attempted repair not authorized by Hach Company
• Any product not used in accordance with the instructions furnished by Hach Company
• Freight charges to return merchandise to Hach Company
• Freight charges on expedited or express shipment of warranted parts or product
• Travel fees associated with on-site warranty repair
This warranty contains the sole express warranty made by Hach Company in connection with its products. All implied warranties, including without limitation, the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, are expressly disclaimed.
Some states within the United States do not allow the disclaimer of implied warranties and if this is true in your state the above limitation may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific rights, and you may also have other rights that vary from state to state.
This warranty constitutes the final, complete, and exclusive statement of warranty terms and no person is authorized to make any other warranties or representations on behalf of Hach Company.
Limitation of Remedies
The remedies of repair, replacement or refund of purchase price as stated above are the exclusive remedies for the breach of this warranty. On the basis of strict liability or under any other legal theory, in no event shall Hach Company be liable for any incidental or consequential damages of any kind for breach of warranty or negligence.
51
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Appendix A Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting Communications
If the first screen does not appear, after booting up the communications software and connecting the multiprobe to the computer, please check the following items:
Troubleshooting Hydras 3LT
If Hydras 3LT does not automatically detect the Sonde when launched:
Press the RE-SCAN FOR SONDES button.
If communication is still not established after several attempts, try the following:
1.
Verify the Hardware.
2.
Check power cables and connections. Verify that your PC and multiprobe are properly connected to the wall outlet or external battery if used.
3.
Verify that the input voltage to the multiprobe is between 7V and 18V.
4.
If your multiprobe is equipped with an internal battery pack, check the batteries' polarity and voltages.
53
Troubleshooting
Verify the Hydras3LT Communication Settings.
1.
Select File>Options from the Hydras 3LT Connection Screen.
54
2.
If the Sondes/PC baud rate and COM port are known, disable the COM Port and baud rate auto scans and set Hydras3LT to use the known values.
Troubleshooting
3.
In addition, the connection timeout may be extended from 10 to 15 seconds, which will allow time for additional retries.
Troubleshooting using Terminal Mode
Check the PC and terminal emulation or communication software:
• Start the communications software before connecting the instrument.
• Verify that the PC is on and that communication software is running.
• Verify that the correct communication port was selected (COM 1, 2, 3, 4).
• Verify that the terminal was set to ANSI terminal emulation, and that the correct baud rate (19200), eight bits, no parity, and one stop bit (19200, N, 8, 1) was selected.
• If using a 100 meter or longer cable with the Surveyor, make sure the terminal baud rate is set to 9600 and the Sonde baud rate is 9600.
55
Troubleshooting
Check the power cables and connections:
• Verify that the PC and multiprobe are properly connected to the wall power outlet or external battery is used.
• Verify that the input voltage to the multiprobe is between 10 and 15 volts.
• Verify that the battery pack is installed correctly, if applicable. Check the battery polarity and voltages.
Check the internal components:
• Make sure all internal connections are securely seated.
• Check for the presence of water in the unit. If damp or wet, dry out thoroughly with a lint-free cloth or towel or let it sit out opened in a dry room overnight. Determine where the leak occurred and repair appropriately. Notify Technical Support for help on preventing further leaks.
If these checks do not reveal the problem, try to substitute other instruments, cables, and terminals to determine the failing component.
Troubleshooting Sensor Issues
The following list is not an extensive account of the problems encountered. If the following solutions do not reveal the problem, try to substitute other sensors to determine the failing component.
Table 1 Sensor Troubleshooting
Problem Solution
D.O. readings are too low to calibrate and/or pH and/or Redox are very high or very low
D.O. readings seem wrong
Check the value of the sample solution
Ensure the sensors are properly maintained.
Conductivity, Temperature, and/or
Depth readings seem wrong
Ensure the D.O. sensor has been properly maintained and calibrated.
Ensure the sensors are properly maintained and calibrated.
Ensure the readings displayed are accurate (e.g., for Depth: meters, feet, or psi).
Symbol
#
?
*
~
@
Table 2 Multiprobe Software Symbols
Description
Data Out of Sensor Range
User Service Required or Data Outside Calibrated Range but Still within Sensor Range
Parameter is Not Calibrated
Temperature Compensation Error
Non Temperature Parameter Compensation Error
56
Appendix B External Communications
B.1 SDI-12 Interface
SDI-12 is an industry-originated, serial digital interface bus designed to allow an operator to connect a wide variety of sensors (meteorological, hydrological, water quality, etc.) to a single SDI-12 datalogger with a single cable bus.
The multiprobe is compatible with SDI-12 V1.2. A copy of the specification can be found at www.sdi-12.org. The optional SDI-12 Interface Adapter Cable is required to operate the multiprobe with an SDI-12 Datalogger.
Note: All three wires (one ground) must be connected for correct SDI-12 operation.
A label on the SDI-12 Interface Adapter Cable shows the pinout in
.
1.
Connect the data cable to the SDI-12 Interface Adapter Cable connector.
2.
Disconnect power from the multiprobe.
3.
Connect the bare wires at the end of the SDI-12 Interface Adapter Cable to the appropriate connections on the SDI-12 datalogger. Follow the label on the SDI-12
Interface Adapter.
Figure 19 SDI-12 Cable
Pin Number
4
5
8
Table 3 SDI-12 Pinouts
Wire Color 1
Brown
Red, Shield
Orange
SDI-12 Function
+12 VDC
Ground
SDI-12 Data
1 Wire color is valid only for this cable (Cat. No 013510). Use of other cables or cable modifications may result in instrument damage.
Consult the SDI-12 datalogger manual for information on how to connect the SDI-12
Interface Adapter.
Note: SDI-12 parameters can be setup through Hydras 3 LT.
Table 4 is a summary of the SDI-12 user commands supported by the multiprobe. For
more details on correct use, consult the SDI-12 V1.2 specification.
57
External Communications
Command 1 a!
aI!
aAb!
aM!
aDx!
aRx!
aC!
aXC!
aX1!
aX0!
aXSS1!
aXSS0!
a<crlf>
Response b<crlf> adddn<crlf> aSvalueSvalue...<crlf> aSvalueSvalue...<crlf> adddnn<crlf> aXC<crlf> aX1<crlf> aX0<crlf> aXSS1<crlf> aXSS0<crlf>
Table 4 SDI-12 Commands aXXHydrolabYYYYYYZZZZserialnumber
<crlf>
Description
Address Acknowledge
Identify
XX: SDI–12 Support Version
YYYYYY: Instrument ID
ZZZZ: Software Version
Change address from a to b
Measure n values in ddd seconds
Report Data
Report Continuous Data
Concurrent Measure: nn values in ddd seconds
Initiate a cleaning cycle in units equipped with a wiper
Enable Continuous Mode
Disable Continuous Mode
Circulator On
Circulator Off
1 The 'a' used in the SDI-12 commands is the SDI-12 address. The Transmitter's factory default SDI-12 address is '0'.
B.2 Wiring with OTT LogoSens
Figure 20 Connecting the DataSonde and MiniSonde Water Quality Probes
1 3
4
2
5
6
1.
Cable, detachable (Cat. No. 015XXX)
2.
Connection to DS5, DS5X or MS5
3.
Cable, SDI-12 (Cat. No. 013510)
Wire Color
Brown
Red/Shield
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
4.
Label, wire connections
5.
Connections to device
6.
Connection to power.
Table 5 Wiring connections for Figure 20
SDI-12
+12VCD IN
Ground
Data
—
—
—
RS485
+12VDC IN
Ground
TXC+/RXD+
TXD-/RXD-
TXD-/RXD-
TXD+/RXD+
RS422
+12VDC IN
Ground
RXD+ OUT
TXD- IN
RXD- OUT
TXD+ IN
58
External Communications
B.3 RS-422/RS-485 Interface
Series 5 Multiprobes are compatible with RS422/RS485 interface. RS422 and RS485 are standards that specify a particular method to transmit and receive digital signals. This standard is maintained by the Electronic Industries Association in a document titled
"Standard for Electrical Characteristics of Generators and Receivers for Use in Balanced
Digital Multipoint Systems" for RS485 and a document titled "Electrical Characteristics of
Balanced Voltage Digital Interface Circuits" for RS422.
RS422/RS485 involves sending an inverted or out-of-phase copy of the signal simultaneously on a second wire. This is called a balanced transmission. Any outside electrical noise adds coherently to both signal copies. The receiver electrically subtracts the two signals to reproduce the original signal. The advantage in the subtraction is that only the intended signal gets reproduced since they are out-of-phase. The in-phase noise on the two wires are also subtracted from each other to produce a net zero noise component in the reproduced signal. This noise immunity allows the RS422/RS485 interface to transmit digital signals at faster rates over longer distances than the
RS232/SDI-12 interface. The RS232/SDI-12 interface does not use balanced transmission and is therefore susceptible to noise interference which limits the transmission distance and speed.
Connections
The RS422 interface uses two wires to transmit and another two wires to receive data which allows data to be sent and received between devices simultaneously.
RS485 can use two wires to both transmit and receive data. A common software protocol must be shared between devices to prevent data collisions on the wires. RS485 also allows for multiple transmitters and receivers to be easily connected together.
Be sure to connect the signal grounds of all devices on the network together. The connection can be made using a conductor in the transmission cable or each device can be connected to a good earth ground. This connection keeps the common mode voltage
(the voltage which the signal must overcome to be reproduced) low. The network devices may operate without the signal ground connection, but may not be reliable.
Some RS485 applications require impedance termination because of fast data rates or long cables. The purpose of the termination is to prevent reflections. Reflections occur when a signal encounters a different impedance and is reflected back towards the source.
This can corrupt the intended data transmission. The most popular termination involves installing a ½ watt resistor across the receiver at each end of the network. The value of the resistor should be equal to the characteristic impedance of the cable; typically 120 ohms but not less than 90 ohms.
Alternatively, the network may be AC terminated by placing a 0.01 µF capacitor in series with the terminating resistor. The capacitor appears as a short circuit during signal transitions but appears as an open circuit to any DC loop current. This will reduce the power supply current required to operate the network and still provide the proper terminating impedance.
Do not add a terminating resistor to every receiver in the network. For networks with more than about four nodes, the transmitters will be unable to drive the cable. Only terminate both ends of the main cable.
The manufacturer offers an RS422/RS485 interface cable that connects to the DB9 connector on the underwater cable and provides wire connections for the signals. The wire
59
External Communications
Bulkhead
3
5
4
6
1
2 connections can be used to connect to a variety of terminal blocks and other connectors as the specific application requires.
Table 6 RS422/RS485 Wiring Connections
Underwater DB9
3
8
2
9
4
5
RS422/485 Interface
Green
Blue or Black
Yellow
Orange
Brown
Red
Connection
R–
T+
T–
R+
+12 VDC
GND
Register
40001—40002
40003—40004
40005—40006
40007—40008
40009—40010
40011—40012
40013—40014
40015—40016
40017—40018
40019—40020
40021—40022
40023—40024
40025—40026
40027—40028
40029–40030
40031–40032
40033–40034
40035–40036
40037–40038
40039–40040
B.4 Modbus Interface
The multiprobes have been configured to respond to Modbus command 3 (Read Holding
Registers) in RTU mode through the RS232 communications port with 19200 baud, 8 data bits, Even Parity, and 1 stop bit.
Even parity must be used.
All data is returned in IEEE Floating Point Format.
The Byte order is High Byte First.
The Word order is Low Word First.
Table 7 Modbus Registers
Parameter
Temperature in °C
Temperature in °F
Temperature in °K pH
Redox
Specific conductance mS
Specific conductance µS
Resistivity
Salinity, USGS
Total dissolved solids
Dissolved Oxygen, % sat
Dissolved Oxygen, mg/L
Total dissolved gas, mmHG
Barometric pressure, mmHg
RESERVED
RESERVED
Total dissolved gas, psi
10 meter depth, meters
10 meter depth, feet
10 meter depth, psi
60
External Communications
Register
40041–40042
40043–40044
40045–40046
40047–40048
40049–40050
40051–40052
40053–40054
40055–40056
40057–40058
40059–40060
40061–40062
40063–40064
40065–40066
40067–40068
40069–40070
Table 7 Modbus Registers
Parameter
RESERVED
RESERVED
Non-shuttered turbidity, neph NTUs
RESERVED
25 meter depth, meters
25 meter depth, feet
25 meter depth, psi
100 meter depth, meters
100 meter depth, feet
100 meter depth, psi
200 meter depth, meters
200 meter depth, feet
200 meter depth, psi
NH
3
, mg/I–N
NH
4
+ , mg/I–N
B.5 Using a Modem with Multiprobes
Field Modem
All multiprobes require a modem adapter to enable communications with a commercial telephone modem. The modem adapter provides the necessary handshaking and connections to allow a modem to properly answer the incoming call and power down the multiprobe when the call is terminated. The Modem Adapter has a connector (labeled modem) that connects directly to the RS232 connection of the modem. The other connector (labeled multiprobe) on the Modem Adapter connects to the multiprobe using a
Interface cable and Underwater cable, or a Calibration cable. A 25 to 9 pin adapter is also required for the cables.
The Modem Adapter does not require a power supply, however, the multiprobe and the modem will require power. Usually, commercial modems are supplied with a wall-cube power supply that converts ac mains voltage to 9–12 volts DC. Most modem can use the multiprobe power supply by making a cable with the corrector connector for the modem power input.
The modem, Modem Adapter, power supply, and associate cabling are not water-proof, and should be installed in a water-tight enclosure. If AC power is used, then a GFI (ground fault interrupt) device should be installed in the ac wiring to prevent electrocution. Program the modem as follows:
Table 8 Field Modem Commands 1
Command
AT&C1
AT&D3
AT&K4
AT&Q0
AT&S0
AT%C0
Function
Enable carrier detection
Enable DTR detection
Enable XON/XOFF handshaking
No error correction or buffering
Force continuous DSR
Disable data compression
61
External Communications
ATS0=1
AT&W0
Table 8 Field Modem Commands 1
Answer on first ring
Save current settings
1 The modem will automatically use this setup every time it is powered on.
Office Modem Installation
The office modem is connected to the computer serial port using a standard RS232 connection. Program the modem as follows:
Table 9 Office Modem Commands 1
Command
ATW1
AT&C1
AT&K4
AT&Q0
AT%C0
AT&W0
Function
Report connection speed & protocol
Enable carrier detection
Enable XON/XOFF handshaking
No error correction or buffering
Disable data compression
Save current settings
1 The modem will automatically use this setup every time it is powered on.
The computer will need a terminal emulation program to communicate with the remote multiprobe. Setup the program to provide ANSI terminal emulation, 19200 baud, no parity,
8 data bits, and 1 stop bit for Series 4 multiprobes. Setup the software to provide a direct connection to the COM port connected to the modem.
Operating the Modem
Check if the modem is communicating with PC by typing AT and pressing ENTER . The modem should respond with OK. To access a remote site from the office, type ATD followed by the phone number, for example, ATD15122558841. Add the proper prefixes to the phone number such as 9 (for PBX office systems) or 1 (for long distance). Press
ENTER . The modem should starting dialing the number and negotiating the connection.
Series 4 mulitprobes may require as long as 15 seconds to show the startup screen. If the startup screen is not displayed, send a Break by typing ALT-B . Telephone noise and delay may prevent the Series 4 multiprobe from properly determining the presence of an ANSI terminal. You will not be able to access a Series 4 multiprobe is logging event is currently active. This can be avoided by setting the interval to no less than 2 minutes to allow enough time to call the modem between logging events (a logging event occurring during a call will not cause a problem).
B.6 TTY Mode
The sonde is equipped with a TTY Communication Mode, which enables the Sonde to send an ASCII string of characters, representing selected parameter values, once per second. Parameters and Parameter Order may be selected using the "Define SDI
Parameter Order" button in the SDI section of the Settings Tab.
To enter TTY Mode:
1.
Press ENTER in the TTY Mode section of the Settings Tab.
62
2.
Press YES to verify the entry in mode.
External Communications
Once the Sonde has been placed in TTY mode, it will no longer communicate with
Hydras3LT except in terminal mode. The Sonde will retain its current baud rate. Any
ANSI terminal emulator may be used to communicate with the Sonde at 8 data bits, No
Parity, and 1 stop bit.
To exit TTY mode:
1.
Press SPACE while connected to the Sonde via a terminal emulator.
2.
Enter a Q or q at the HM?: prompt.
3.
The unit will reset to full terminal mode and can then be connected to Hydras3LT
63
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Appendix C Using HyperTerminal
C.1 HyperTerminal Setup
1.
After starting Windows, click on the Start button.
2.
Select Programs>Accessories>Communications>Hyperterminal.
3.
Enter a name and choose an icon for the application and click OK .
4.
Select the COM port and click OK . Set the communication in a 19200/8/N/Xon-Xoff format.
Follow the Path:
Help: Help Topics:
Index: HyperTerminal
File: Properties: Phone number:
Configure: Maximum speed
File: Properties: Phone number:
Configure: Connection
Transfer: Capture Text
File: Capture to printer
Transfer: Send file
Transfer: Receive File
File: Open
5.
Configure HyperTerminal so the functions, arrows, and Ctrl keys act as terminal keys, not window keys. Select the ANSI terminal emulation. File>Properties>Settings.
6.
Use
to communicate with or recover information from the multiprobe.
Table 10 HyperTeminal Commands
To:
Displays the on-line help utility.
Access and select the modem transfer speed (e.g. 19200 bps)
Access and select the connection settings (e.g. N, 8, 1)
Enable a capture file, to log the data currently received to a disk or to a hard drive. You will be prompted for a file name and a path.
Turn the printer on.
Upload a file and choose the transfer protocol (e.g. Xmodem). You will be prompted for a file name and a path.
Download a file and choose the transfer protocol (e.g. Xmodem). You will be prompted for a file name and a path.
To view a file or find a saved file in the HyperTerminal folder.
65
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Appendix D Glossary & Abbreviations
Ammonia (NH3)—A colorless gaseous alkaline compound which is soluble in water. It has a characteristic pungent odor, and is used as a fertilizer. In water and soil, ammonia is present primarily as NH
4
+ ions and is readily assimilated by plants during nutrition.
Ammonium (NH
4
+ )—Ammonium is a form of ammonia by the addition of a hydrogen ion
(H + ) to an ammonia molecule (NH
3
). Ammonia is converted to ammonium as the pH of a solution drops. Ammonium is less harmful to aquatic life than ammonia. Below a pH of 7.3, more than 99% of the total ammonia is present as ammonium.
Assembly—A unit containing the component parts of a mechanism, machine, or similar device. Probe Assembly: The unit containing the component parts of a sensor (e.g.
D.O.:component consisting of the D.O. sensor which is made up of 2 electrodes the cathode and the anode).
Chloride (Cl–)—A common anion, present in both fresh and sea water. It is essentially non-toxic, and is present in all living cells.
Conductivity—Conductivity is inversely related to the resistance of a solution.
Conductivity is the ratio of the electric current density to the electric field in a material, also known as electrical conductivity. In limnology, conductivity is a measure of the ability of water to pass an electrical current. Compensation of this measurement to 25 °C constitutes specific conductance. This parameter indicates the amount of dissolved substances (salts). Salts and their concentration dictate osmoregulatory (salt-balancing) functions in plants and animals. The ionic "strength" of water also regulates the toxicity of many substances. (See: Specific conductance)
Data collection platform (or DCP)—Hardware system and system software used with a computer program to collect data at one or more locations.
Depth—The vertical distance between the water surface and another level (for a multiprobe: 0–10, 0–25, 0–100, or 0–200 meters). (See: Vented depth)
Derating—The reduction of the rating of a device to improve reliability or to predict operation at higher or lower ambient temperatures.
Dissolved oxygen (or D.O.)—A measure of the amount of oxygen present in water and available for respiration. The concentration of D.O. is controlled by many factors including: consumption by aerobic (requiring D.O.) organisms (bacteria, fish, amphibians, and invertebrates); consumption by plants (algae, vascular plants, particularly during dark hours); and water temperature, water flow, and depth
Drift— The long-term lack of repeatability caused by fouling of the sensor, shifts in the calibration of the system, or slowly failing sensors.
Dump—To copy the contents of all or part of a storage, usually from an internal storage device to an external storage device.
Eh—(See: Redox potential)
Electrode—An electric conductor which either measures the potential of a solution (pH, reference, redox, and ammonium electrodes) or forces electric current into or out of a solution (D.O. and conductivity electrodes).
Emery cloth—An abrasive cloth or paper with an adherent layer of emery powder; used to polish and clean metal. (No. 400 or finer is recommended.)
67
Glossary & Abbreviations
Hysteresis error—The maximum separation due to hysteresis between upscale-and downscale-going indications of a measured value. A difference in parameter readings which occurs due to a variation in the conditions under which the sensor approached the readings. (See: Response time)
Isopotential point—The point at which the ion activity is the same on both sides of a sensor membrane. At the isopotential points, there is a zero potential across the membrane. The observed potential of the sensor may not be zero, due to the differences in reference electrodes.
Milliohm (m
Ω
)—Unit of resistance (not conductivity or conductance.)
MilliSiemens (mS) = millimho (m )—Units of electrical conductance.
Millimho (m )—(See: MilliSiemens)
Molar concentration—Molar solution: Aqueous solution that contains one mole (unit = gram-molecular weight) of solute in one liter of water. For example: KCl (potassium chloride) molar concentration.
Multiprobe—The combination of several sensors, electrodes, or probe assemblies into a complete, stand-alone piece of equipment which simultaneously measures several parameters for profiling, spot-checking, or logging readings and data. A multiprobe is a multi-parameter instrument.
Nitrate (NO
3
– )—Nitrate is the most oxidized form of nitrogen, and is the primary form of biologically available nitrogen present in aerobic environments. Nitrate is a less toxic form of nitrogen than ammonia, and is readily assimilated by plants and bacteria.
Oxidation reduction potential (or ORP)—(See: Redox potential)
Parameter—A quantity which is constant under a given set of conditions, but may be different under other conditions.
pH—Describes the hydrogen-ion activity of a system: pH 0–7: acid solution, pH 7: neutral, pH 7–14: alkaline (or basic) solution. The "p" in pH stands for power ("puissance") of the hydrogen ion (H+) activity. pH is a major factor affecting the availability of nutrients to plants and animals. It controls in part the concentration of many biochemically active substances dissolved in water, and it affects the efficiency of hemoglobin in the blood of vertebrates (e.g. fish) and invertebrates (e.g. shrimp), as well as the toxicity of pollutants.
Probe—A small tube containing the sensing elements of electronic equipment. The probe is an essential part of the water quality monitoring system, since it obtains measurements and data which can be stored, analyzed, and eventually transferred to a computer.
Probe assembly— (See: Assembly)
Profiling—Electrical exploration wherein the transmitter and receiver are moved in unison across a structure to obtain a profile of mutual impedance between transmitter and receiver = lateral search. In water quality, this term is used as the contrary of unattended monitoring. An operator connects the multiprobe to a computer equipped with a communications software. Then, he lowers the multiprobe in the water and receives measurements from the instrument. The data is displayed on the computer screen. The multiprobe can be lowered to different locations along the sample area in order to study the nature of the water based on several points of reference.
68
Glossary & Abbreviations
Quinhydrone (C
6
H
4
O
2
. C
6
H
4
(OH)
2
)—green, water-soluble powder. Quinhydrone is used to calibrate redox sensors. The quinhydrone's redox potential is dependent on the pH of the solution.
Reading—The indication shown by an instrument.
Redox potential = Oxidation-reduction potential (or ORP) = Eh—Voltage measured at an inert electrode immersed in a reversible oxidation-reduction system; measurement of the state of oxidation of the system. The redox potential measures the tendency of electrons to "flow" either toward or away from a noble metal electrode. A substance gains electrons in a reduction reaction and loses electrons in an oxidation reaction. ORP varies from substance to substance, and oxidation-reduction reactions occur simultaneously, hence the determination of the "potential" rather than of a discrete or qualitative value.
Oxidation and reduction are in a constant state of flux, continuously seeking equilibrium.
Applications for ORP measurement include, but are not limited to, the following: monitoring oxidation of cyanide and chromate wastes (e.g. metal plating), bleaching pulp (e.g. paper manufacturing), manufacture of bleach (e.g. monitoring chlorination), water pollution (e.g. acid mine drainage) and monitoring ozone treatment (e.g. water disinfection). ORP data has been used to understand more about how substances in sediments affect the water quality at the bottom of lakes, reservoirs, and ponds.
Reduction—A reaction that increases the electron content of a substance.
Reference electrode—A nonpolarizable electrode that generates highly reproducible potentials; used for pH, ORP, and ammonium measurements and polarographic analyses
(e.g. silver-silver chloride electrode).
Resistivity—Resistivity is the electrical resistance offered by a material to the flow of current, times the cross-sectional area of current flow and per unit length of current path. It is the reciprocal of conductivity and is also known as electrical resistivity and specific resistance. Resistance declines as ion content increases.
Response time— The time required for a system to react, by a prescribed amount, to a step change in some variable. The extent of the response must be stated, as in "to 95% of total change" or "to within 0.1 mg /l of the final reading" (example for D.O.).
Salinity—Salinity is the measure of the total quantity of dissolved salts in water. Salinity refers to the ionic strength of natural waters. Salinity and salt concentration are the only terms that can be used when referring to the relative concentration of certain salts in bays, estuaries, and oceans.
SDI-12—SDI-12 is a standard used to interface data recorders with microprocessor-based sensors. SDI-12 stands for serial-digital interface at 1200 baud. SDI- 12 is intended for applications with the following requirements: battery-powered operation with minimal current drain, low system cost, use of a single data recorder with multiple sensors on one cable, and up to 200 feet of cable between a sensor and a data recorder.
Sensor—The generic name for a device that senses either the absolute value or a change in a physical quantity such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, or pH, and converts that change into a useful input signal for an information-gathering system.
Service loop—A loop in a wire or cable to reduce the load on the wire or cable.
Slope—Slope is the operation applied to the system's response once the zero has been set. Slope is a measure of the sensitivity of a sensor. Slope scales the sensor's output to the correct units. (Also see: Zero)
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Glossary & Abbreviations
Specific conductance = conductivity at 25 °C—The ratio of the electric current density to the electric field in a material. The ability of a fluid to conduct electricity. Specific conductance is the inverse of electrical resistivity, corrected at 25 °C, since fluids conduct more at higher temperatures.
Spot-checking—The collection of data using readings at irregular intervals.
Temperature—A measure of heat present in water. Aside from dissolved oxygen, temperature is considered the single most important parameter. Knowledge of water temperature is essential to the measurement of dissolved oxygen, conductivity (salinity), pH, alkalinity, biological/biochemical oxygen (needed to meet the metabolic needs of aerobic - requiring D.O. - organisms) and virtually every other water quality parameter.
Temperature controls metabolism (utilization of inorganic and organic matter for life processes) of aquatic animals and plants. Temperature is largely responsible for biochemical reactions and is one of the most important cues for beginning and ending of spawning, migration, and many other phenomena.
Titration—A method of analyzing the composition of a solution by adding known amounts of standardized solution until a given reaction - color change, precipitation, or conductivity change - is produced. Winkler titration (in calibration): A wet chemical method for estimating the D.O. in water.
Tolerance—Refers to the maximum difference between the true value of a parameter and the actual "operator-acceptable" reading. Usually used as a synonym for accuracy.
Total dissolved gas (TDG)—The amount of gaseous compounds dissolved in a liquid.
Total dissolved solids (TDS)—The amount of materials in a body of water that are dissolved or too small to be filtered. These solids include ions, which are important to the internal water balance in aquatic organisms. The amount of substances (calculated in
Kg/l) dissolved in one liter of water. A measure primarily of alkaline earth metals and their salts dissolved or in very fine suspension. It provides information regarding the potential buffering capacity of water, water hardness, and the potential lethality of toxins. The concentration of dissolved solids affects osmoregulation (salt balancing) and is often a cue for migration and spawning. TDS concentration affects the buoyancy of fish eggs and other organisms.
Transducer—Any device or element which converts an input signal into an output signal of a different form (ex: doorbell, microphone). The depth or vented level transducer.
Turbidity—The measure of the clarity of a liquid by using colorimetric scales. It is also the expression of the optical property that causes a light to be scattered and absorbed rather than transmitted in straight lines through a sample. Turbidity is the opposite of clarity (ITM)
A measure of the opacity or translucence of water. The main objective is to determine the scattering of light by particles of a body of water and report that scattering in some unit of measurement, usually nephelometric turbidity units (or NTU) based on a primary turbidity standard called formazin. Turbidity is caused by plankton (both animal and plant), clay, suspended clay, silt, etc. Although these substances impart "color", color resulting from turbidity is referred to as "apparent color" and should not be confused with true color
(resulting from dissolved substances). Apparent color can also result from overshading by vegetation or substrate (bottom material) color.
Vented depth—(ITM) The multiprobe transducer measuring depth from 0 to 10 meters.
(See: Depth)
Zero—(ITM) A system's "zero" is an anchor point set either temporarily by calibration or permanently by design. This point can easily be established either electronically or by using laboratory standards. (Also see: Slope).
70
Glossary & Abbreviations
Abbreviations
mmHG mil
...M KCI
µm m
µS/cm m
CSV
DS
EPA
°F
GFI
IBP
IC
AgCl
Ah
AWG
BDR
BP
CC
°C
K
KCI l or L
Silver Chloride
Ampere hour
American wire gauge
Basic data recorder
Battery pack; barometric pressure
Calibration cable
Degrees Celsius (centigrade)
Comma-separated value
DataSonde
External battery pack
Degrees Fahrenheit
Ground fault interrupt (device)
Internal battery pack
Interface cable
Degrees Kelvin, or kelvin. A unit of absolute temperature.
Potassium chloride
Liter
Millimeter of mercury (hectoPascal and millibar also used in Europe)
A unit of length, equal to 0.001 inch
...molar potassium chloride
Micrometer
Millimho = milliSiemens (mS)
MicroSiemens per centimeter = micromho per cm
Meter ( 1 meter = 3.281 ft)
4PF
4PM
6PF
6PM
9PF
9PM psu psiag psig
RBP
RGA
SDI
STDREF
MS mS/cm mV nm
PA
PCB ppt
CIRCLTR
SVR
WSG
MiniSonde
MilliSiemens per centimeter
Millivolt
Nanometer
Probe Assembly
Printed circuit board
Part per thousand
Practical salinity unit
Pound per square inch absolute
Pound per square inch gage
Rechargeable battery pack
Returned good authorization
Serial-digital interference
Standard reference electrode
FreshFlow™ miniature sample circulator
Surveyor
Weighted sensor guard
4-pin female connector
4-pin male connector
6-pin female connector
6-pin male connector
9-pin connector
9-pin male connector
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