SD-1m DLP Projector ™ This entire user’s guide is available on the enclosed CD as an Adobe Acrobat pdf file in the following languages: English, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, Russian, Japanese, Korean, Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese. Before using this projector, please read these instructions. Le mode d'emploi complet est disponible sur le CD joint sous forme de fichier pdf d'Adobe Acrobat dans les langues suivantes : anglais, français, allemand, italien, norvégien, portugais, espagnol, russe, japonais, coréen, chinois traditionnel, chinois simplifié. Avant d'utiliser ce projecteur, veuillez lire ces instructions. Die vollständige Benutzeranleitung ist auf der im Lieferumfang enthaltenen CD als Adobe Acrobat PDF-Datei in den folgenden Sprachen verfügbar: Englisch, Französisch, Deutsch, Italienisch, Norwegisch, Portugiesisch, Spanisch, Russisch, Japanisch, Koreanisch, Traditionelles Chinesisch und Vereinfachtes Chinesisch. Bitte lesen Sie diese Anweisungen vor der Verwendung des Projektors. La presente guida è disponibile sul CD allegato, come file Adobe Acrobat pdf, nelle seguenti lingue: inglese, francese, tedesco, italiano, norvegese, portoghese, spagnolo, russo, giapponese, coreano, cinese tradizionale e cinese semplificato. Prima di usare questo proiettore, leggere le seguenti istruzioni. Hele denne brukerhåndboken finnes på den vedlagte CD-en som en Adobe Acrobat pdf-fil på følgende språk: Engelsk, fransk, tysk, italiensk, norsk, portugisisk, spansk, russisk, japansk, koreansk, tradisjonell og forenklet kinesisk. Les diss anvisningene før projektoren tas i bruk. Este guia do usuário completo está disponível no CD anexo, como um arquivo pdf do Adobe Acrobat nos seguintes idiomas: inglês, francês, alemão, italiano, norueguês, português, espanhol, russo, japonês, coreano, chinês tradicional, chinês simplificado. Antes de utilizar este projetor, leia estas instruções. Este manual de uso está disponible en su totalidad en el CD incluido, como archivo pdf de Adobe Acrobat, en los siguientes idiomas: inglés, frances, alemán, italiano, noruego, português, español, ruso, japonés, coreano, chino tradicional, chino simplificado. Antes de usar el proyector, lea estas instrucciones. Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬ-ɞɢɫɤɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ pdf-ɮɚɣɥɚ Adobe Acrobat ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ: ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ, ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɦ, ɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɦ, ɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɨɦ, ɧɨɪɜɟɠɫɤɨɦ, ɩɨɪɬɭɝɚɥɶɫɤɨɦ, ɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɨɦ, ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ, ɹɩɨɧɫɤɨɦ, ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɦ, ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɢ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɨɦ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɦ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ. ŘųKПП .ŴЕ<R$Ű֞ඤŜūʼnƐ CD Ű Adobe Acrobat ų PDF :P༜ŭŜūऄⲟŚƑūʼnƃŞЖᜑų➸⠰ųKПП .Ɨřߓ᰻ʼnŤťŖƃŞЖ␣⠰Е:NX⠰Е.)⠰Е$O⠰Е3PП⠰ЕBP-P⠰Е?X⠰ЕR⠰ЕᎣᒍ⠰Е⺩ઞ⠰Е‱ת Ԟઞ⠰Е↭תԞઞ⠰ЖŘų<R$Ɨ᰻ŞƐ߰ŰЕKПП .Ɨ྿şŏ⠿ƄŔťŚʼnЖ &' $GREH$FUREDWSGI Adobe Acrobat (PDF) 동봉된 CD에는 Adobe Acrobat pdf 파일 형식의 사용 설명서가 영어, 프랑스어, 독일어, 이탈리아어, 노르웨이어, 포르투갈어, 스페인어, 러시아어, 일본어, 한국 어, 중국어(번체 및 간체)로 제공됩니다. 이 프로젝터를 사용하기 전에 다음 지침을 읽으십시오. Declaration of Conformity We declare under our sole responsibility that the projector conforms to the following directives and norms: EMC Directive 89/336/EEC, Amended by 93/68/EEC EMC: EN 55022 EN 55024 EN 61000-3-2 EN 61000-3-3 Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC, Amended by 93/68/EEC Safety: EN 60950: 2000 May, 2003 Trademarks Apple, Macintosh, and PowerBook are trademarks or registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. IBM and PS/2 are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines, Inc. Microsoft, PowerPoint, and Windows are trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. FCC Warning Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: --Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. --Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. --Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. --Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. Canada This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada. Agency Approvals UL, c-UL, TÜV, GOST 2 If you are experienced in setting up projection systems, use the Quick Setup card that was included. For complete details on connecting and operating the projector, refer to this User’s Guide. Table of Contents Introduction Positioning the projector Projector and Device Connector Guide Computer connections Video connections Connecting a computer source Required computer connections Optional computer connections Displaying a computer source image Adjusting the image Using the projector with Windows 98 for the first time Connecting a video device Video device connections Composite video connection S-video connection Component video connection VGA connection Displaying video Adjusting the image Shutting down the projector Troubleshooting your setup Using the remote control Using the audio Using the keypad buttons Optimizing computer images Presentation features Optimizing video images Customizing the projector Using the menus Picture menu Settings menu Maintenance Cleaning the Lens Replacing the Projection Lamp Cleaning the Lamp Housing Screens Using the security lock Appendix Specifications Accessories Projected image size Red LED Behavior and Projector Errors 4 5 6 6 6 9 9 9 10 11 12 14 15 15 15 16 16 17 17 19 19 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 31 34 37 37 37 39 39 40 40 40 41 41 Important Operating Considerations Do not place the projector on a tablecloth or other soft coverings that may block the front or back vents. Do not use a non-approved ceiling mount. In the unlikely event of the bulb rupturing, thoroughly clean the area in front of the projector and discard any edible items that may have been placed in that area. 2 ft ( 3 .6m) Do not place objects in this area in front of the projector Introduction speaker keypad Your new digital projector is easy to connect, use, and maintain. It is an exceptional projector for both business presentations and home entertainment. The digital projector is compatible with a wide variety of computers and video devices, including: • Most standard VCRs, DVD players (progressive and interlaced), HDTV sources (1080i, 1035i, and 720P HDTV formats), TV and satellite tuners, camcorders, video games, and laser disc players. • IBM-compatible computers, including laptops, up to 1024x768 resolution. • ® Apple lution. Macintosh® and PowerBook® power cord connector power switch remote control receiver (IR) adjustable foot release focus (thin ring) zoom (thick ring) computers up to 1024x768 reso- The projector has native SVGA 800x600 resolution and comes with the following standard accessories. lamp housing door connector panel projector security lock lens cap projector case computer cable adjustable foot audio cable ide s Gu User’ power cord* *country-dependent CD and documentation S-video cable audio adapter remote control monitor 4 computer S-video video audio USB Positioning the projector • The image exits the projector at a given angle. The image offset is 112.2% when the projector is in 4:3 mode (default mode). This means that if you have an image 10’ high, the bottom of the image will be 1.22’ above the center of the lens. • This image offset is 132.9% when the projector is in 16:9 mode. This means that if you have an image 10’ high, the bottom of the image will be 3.29’ above the center of the lens. • ft. Position the projector the desired distance from the screen. The distance from the lens of the projector to the screen, the zoom setting, and the video format determine the size of the projected image. The top illustration to the right shows three projected image sizes. For more information about image sizes at different distances, see “Projected image size” on page 41. .5 • ft. Position the projector within 10 feet (3m) of your power source and within 6 feet (1.8m) of your video device (unless you purchase extension cables). To ensure adequate cable access, do not place the projector within 6 inches (.15m) of a wall or other object. f t. • 5 Position the projector on a flat surface at a right angle to the screen. The projector must be at least 4.9 feet (1.49m) from the projection screen. 3 3. • 12 To determine where to position the projector, consider the size and shape of your screen, the location of your power outlets, and the distance between the projector and the rest of your equipment. Here are some general guidelines: 4.8 ft. 10 ft high image bottom of image 1.22 ft above lens See “Connecting a video device” on page 14 for additional information on 16:9 and 4:3 modes. 5 19 ft. 7.5 ft. Projection angle in 4:3 mode (default) lens center Projector and Device Connector Guide The following should help you find the connectors that you want to use to obtain the best resolution possible from your input devices, such as computers, standard VCRs, DVD players (progressive and interlaced), HDTV sources (1080i, 1035i, and 720P HDTV formats), TV and satellite tuners, camcorders, video games (progressive and interlaced), and laser disc players. Computer connections Computer connections involve attaching the computer cable included with the projector from a computer to the Computer In input. Optional connections include attaching the included audio cable from computer to projector, connecting the computer monitor to the projector, and connecting a USB cable (notincluded) from the computer to the projector to advance slides in a PowerPoint™ presentation. See page 9 for setup computer/projector setup information. Video connections The first step for connecting video is deciding what type of output connector you want to connect to the projector has. If there is more than one output, select the one with the highest quality. The best quality ranking, with 1 being the highest and 3 being the lowest, is: 1 Component video 2 S-video 3 Composite video If you are connecting the projector to HDTV sources, the projector’s computer (VGA) connector, labeled Video In, should be used. Keep in mind that HDTV and progressive sources should only be handled through the projector’s VGA connector. The S-video port does not function with progressive sources, even with a Component to S-video adapter. With progressive sources, a Component to VESA adapter must be used. Neither of these adapters are included with the projector and can be purchased through third-party sources. projector input connectors monitor (out) computer in (HDTV and progressive sources) s-video video in 6 audio in USB Video Device Standard Broadcast TV (not HDTV) via: cable, digital cable, satellite TV, DVD, or VCR Video Compatibility If Your Device Connector Is Attach to this Labeled Connector on Projector NTSC, PAL, and SECAM formats Composite video or S-video Composite video or S-video Component 480i Component Video S-video via a Component to S-video adapter NTSC, PAL, and SECAM formats Composite video or S-video Composite video or S-video Component 480i Component Video S-video via a Component to S-video adapter NTSC, PAL, and SECAM formats Composite video or S-video Composite video or S-video Component 480i Component Video S-video via a Component to S-video adapter Comments For Setup Instructions, see Composite video connection on page 15. S-video connection on page 15 Not for progressive (i.e. HDTV) sources. See next page. Component video connection on page 16 Composite video connection on page 15. S-video connection on page 15 Standard Video Camera Standard Video Game 7 Not for progressive (i.e. HDTV) sources See next page. Component video connection on page 16 Composite video connection on page 15. S-video connection on page 15 Not for progressive (i.e. HDTV) sources See next page. Component video connection on page 16 Video Device HDTV (High Definition TV) EDTV (Enhanced Definition TV) Progressive DVD Progressive Video Game Video Compatibility If Your Device Connector Is Attach to this Labeled Connector on Projector 1080i, 720p VGA Component 480p Comments For Setup Instructions, see Computer In Not for Component 480i VGA connection on page 16 Component video Computer In (via a Component to VESA adapter) Not for Component 480i Component video connection on page 16 1080i, 720p VGA Computer In Component 480p Component video Computer In (via a Component to VESA adapter) 1080i, 720p VGA Computer In Component 480p Component video Computer In (via a Component to VESA adapter) 8 VGA connection on page 16 Not for Component 480i Component video connection on page 16 VGA connection on page 16 Not for Component 480i Component video connection on page 16 Connecting a computer source connect computer cable Required computer connections Connect one end of the computer cable (see page 14 for connecting video devices) to the dark blue Computer In connector on the projector. Connect the other end to the video port on your computer. If you are using a desktop computer, you will need to disconnect the monitor cable from the computer’s video port first. Connect the black power cord to the Power connector on the side of the projector and to your electrical outlet. connect power cable NOTE: Always use the power cord that shipped with the projector. connect audio cable Optional computer connections To have sound with your presentation, connect the audio cable to your computer and to the Audio In connector on the projector. connect monitor cable If you are using a desktop computer and want to see the image on your computer screen as well as on the projection screen, connect the computer’s monitor cable to the Monitor Out connector on the projector. connect USB cable To advance slides in a PowerPoint presentation using the remote, plug the USB connector on the computer cable into the USB mouse connector on your computer. USB drivers must be installed to use the USB feature. For more information For more information, see page 13.. 9 Displaying a computer source image remove lens cap Remove the lens cap. Toggle the Power switch on the side of the projector to the On position. toggle Power switch The LED flashes green and the fans start to run. When the lamp comes on, the start up screen displays and the LED is steady green. It can take a minute for the image to achieve full brightness. ? No start up screen? Get help on page 19. Turn on your computer. turn on computer The computer’s image should appear on the projection screen. If it doesn’t, press the Computer button on the projector’s keypad. If your computer has Windows 98 as its operating system, see “Using the projector with Windows 98 for the first time” on page 12 regarding the driver setup process. Make sure your laptop’s external video port is active. activate laptop’s external port Many laptops do not automatically turn on their external video port when a projector is connected. Usually a key combination like FN + F5 is used to turn the external display on and off. Refer to your laptop’s documentation to learn your laptop’s key combination. ? No laptop image? Try pressing the Auto Image button on the keypad. Get help on page 20. 10 Adjusting the image adjust height Adjust the height of the projector, if necessary, by pressing the release button to extend the foot. rotate leveling foot Rotate the leveling foot located at the rear of the projector, if necessary. elevator foot Avoid placing your hands in near the hot exhaust vent in front of the projector. release button adjust distance Position the projector the desired distance from the screen at a 90 degree angle to the screen. See page 41 for a table listing screen sizes and distances. adjust zoom or focus Adjust the zoom or focus. focus (thin ring) If the image is not square, adjust the keystone using the buttons on the keypad. adjust keystone Press the top Keystone button to reduce the upper part of the image, and press the bottom Keystone button to reduce the lower part. Adjust the Contrast or Brightness in the Picture menu. adjust Picture menu See page 31 for help with these menu adjustments. 11 zoom (thick ring) Using the projector with Windows 98 for the first time a The first time you connect a computer running Windows 98 to the projector, the computer recognizes the projector as “new hardware” and the Add New Hardware Wizard appears. Follow these instructions to use the Wizard to load the correct driver (which was installed with your Windows operating system). If you are running Windows 2000 or Windows ME, skip these steps and go to “Adjusting the image” on page 11. b a Click Next to begin searching for the driver. b Make sure “Search for the best driver” is selected, then click Next. c c Uncheck any checked boxes, then click Next. Windows automatically locates the driver. If this driver has been removed, reload the driver using your Windows operating system CD. d d When Windows finds the driver, you are ready to install it. Click Next. 12 Skip this page if you did not connect a USB mouse cable For Windows 98: • If you connected the USB cable, the Add New Hardware Wizard appears again. Drivers must be installed to use the USB functionality. • The Wizard launches three times. The first time it detects a USB Composite Device. The second time a USB Human Interface Device (for the keyboard). The third time it detects a USB Human Interface Device (for the mouse). For Windows 2000, Windows ME, and Windows XP: • The USB drivers are automatically installed. 13 Connecting a video device 4:3 screen You can connect video devices such as VCRs, DVD players, camcorders, digital cameras, video game consoles, HDTV receivers, and TV tuners to the projector. There is also an audio input. You can connect the audio directly to the projector to get sound from the built-in speaker, or you can connect the audio to your stereo system. 16:9 screen Do Not Use 4:3 mode Before connecting your projector, you should decide which aspect ratio you want to use. The projector’s Aspect Ratio setting is accessed through the projector’s Menu. See page 31 for more information. Aspect ratio is the ratio of the image width to image height. TV screens are usually 4:3, which is the default for this projector. HDTV and most DVDs are 16:9. If you’re projecting onto a screen, the size/shape of the screen may answer this question for you. If you are projecting onto a blank wall, you don’t have the screen size restriction. What you plan to project will also help you choose between 4:3 and 16:9. Most regular TV shows are 4:3, while most movies are 16:9. 16:9 mode If a have a 16:9 screen then you should select an aspect ratio of 16:9 for anamorphic movies or HDTV, and Native for 4:3 content. If you have a 4:3 screen you should still use 16:9 for anamorphic movies or HDTV, but you also have the option of using either 4:3 (to fill the screen) or Native (for direct pixel mapping) for 4:3 content. Keep in mind that anamorphic movies only appear correctly if the DVD player is set to output to a 16:9 television. You can connect the projector to most video devices that can output video. You cannot directly connect the coaxial cable that enters your house from a cable or satellite company, the signal must pass through a tuner first. Examples of tuners are digital cable boxes, VCRs, digital video recorders, and satellite TV boxes. Basically, any device that can change channels is considered a tuner. Native mode (NTSC only) 14 Video device connections Composite video connection Plug the composite video cable’s (not included) yellow connector into the video-out connector on your video device. Plug the other yellow connector into the yellow Video In connector on the projector. Plug the included audio adapter’s white connector into the left audio out connector on your video device; plug the audio adapter’s red connector into the right audio out connector on the video device. Plug the included audio cable into the black connector on the audio adapter. Plug the other end of the audio cable into the blue Audio In connector on the projector. connect video cable and audio cable (via the audio adapter) Keep in mind that video output from composite connections are not as high quality as S-video or component. S-video connection If your video device uses a round, four-prong S-video connector, plug an Svideo cable into the S-video connector on your video device and into the Svideo connector on the projector. Use the audio cable and the audio adapter as described above. connect S-video and audio cable (via audio adapter) Keep in mind that S-video delivers higher quality video output than composite, but not as high quality video output as component. 15 Component video connection connect component cables via component to S-video adapter and audio cables via audio adapter or via component to VESA adapter and audio adapter If your video device has component connectors, use a Component to Svideo adapter or a Component to VESA adapter (available from a thirdparty vendor) for HD and progressive sources. Plug the component cable into the video device. Plug the other end of the component cable into the adapter and plug the adapter into the projector’s S-video (for S-video) or Computer in (for VESA) connector. Use the audio adapter as described on the previous page. Component to VESA Component connection offers the highest quality video output. Component to S-video connect VGA cable and audio cable via audio adapter VGA connection If your video device has a 15-pin VGA output, plug one end of the included computer cable to the VGA connector on your video source. This connector may be labeled “To Monitor” on the video source. Plug the other end of the cable into the Computer In connector on the projector. Use the audio adapter as described on the previous page. connect power cable Connect the power cord to the Power connector on the side of the projector and to your electrical outlet. NOTE: Always use the power cord that shipped with the projector. 16 Displaying video remove lens cap Remove the lens cap. toggle Power switch Toggle the Power switch on the side of the projector to the On position. The LED flashes green and the fans start to run. When the lamp comes on, the start-up screen is displayed and the LED is steady green. It can take a minute for the image to achieve full brightness. ? No start up screen? Get help on page 20. Plug in and turn on your video device. turn on video device The video device’s image should appear on the projection screen. If it doesn’t, press the Video button on the keypad. ? No image? Get help on page 23. Adjusting the image adjust height Adjust the height of the projector by pressing the release button to extend the foot. Rotate the leveling foot at the rear of the projector, if necessary. elevator foot adjust distance Position the projector the desired distance from the screen at a 90 degree angle to the screen. See page 41 for a table listing screen sizes and distances to the screen. 17 release button rotate leveling foot Adjust the zoom and focus. adjust zoom and focus focus (thin ring) If the image is not square, adjust the keystone using the buttons on the keypad. Press the top Keystone button to reduce the upper part of the image, and press the bottom Keystone button to reduce the lower part. adjust keystone adjust volume Adjust the volume on the keypad or remote. Adjust the Contrast, Brightness, Color, Tint, or Aspect Ratio in the Picture menu. See page 31 for help with the menus and these adjustments. adjust Picture menu options including Aspect Ratio For Aspect Ratio, keep in mind that DVD players must be configured for 16:9 in order to view the highest quality image. For more information regarding Aspect Ratio, see page 14. 18 zoom (thick ring) Shutting down the projector Troubleshooting your setup The projector automatically displays a black screen after no active source is detected for 30 minutes. This black screen helps preserve the life of the projector. The image returns when an active source is detected or a remote or keypad button is pressed. If your image appears correctly on the screen, skip to the next section. If it does not, troubleshoot the setup. The LED on top of the projector indicates the state of the projector and can help you troubleshoot. Screen Save Table 1: LED behavior and meaning You can make the black screen appear after a preset number of minutes by turning on the Screen Save feature in the Settings>System menu. See page 34. Power Save The projector also has a Power Save feature that automatically turns the lamp off after no active sources are detected and no user interaction with the projector is performed for 20 minutes. By default, this feature is off. See page 34. LED color/behavior Meaning solid green The power switch has been toggled on and the software has initialized or the projector has been powered off via the remote. blinking green The power switch has been toggled on and the software is initializing, or the projector is powering down and the fans are running to cool the lamp. blinking red A fan or lamp failure has occurred. Make sure the vents aren’t blocked (see page 25).Turn off the projector and wait one minute, then turn the projector on again. If the projector has been working for 4,000 hours or more (page 37), replace the lamp and reset the lamp timer. Turning off the projector You can turn the projector off simply by toggling the power switch to the off position. You can also press the remote’s Power button to place the projector in the Off state while it is running. When the Power button is pressed twice (once to start the power-down process and a second time to verify that you want to power the projector off), the lamp turns off and the LED blinks green for one (1) minute while the fans continue to run to cool the lamp. While the LED is blinking green, the projector does not accept any keypad and remote control input. see page 41 for more information . solid red When the lamp has cooled, the LED lights solid green and the fans slow down to minimal speed. To turn off the projector, toggle the power switch to the off position. An unidentifiable error. The following tables show common problems. In some cases, more than one possible solution is provided. Try the solutions in the order they are presented. When the problem is solved, you can skip the additional solutions. NOTE: Once the projector has been toggled off, you must wait for one (1) minute before turning the projector on again. This allows the lamp to properly cool. However, if the remote was used to power the projector to the Off state you do not need to wait one minute to turn it on again. 19 Problem Solution Result no start up screen plug power cord in projector’s left side remove lens cap toggle power switch correct image Start U Scre p en toggle power switch on side press the Computer button activate laptop’s external port only start up screen appears A Start U p Screen computer image projected A restart laptop 20 A Problem Solution Result no computer image, just the words “Signal out of range” press the Auto Image button on keypad computer image projected A A Signa l rang out of e adjust computer refresh rate in Control Panel>Display>Settings>Advanced>Adapter (location varies by operating system) you may also need to set a different resolution on your computer, as shown in the following problem, “image fuzzy or cropped” 21 A Problem Solution Result image fuzzy or cropped set your computer’s display resolution to the native resolution of the projector (Start>Settings>Control Panel>Display>Settings tab) select 800x600 image clear and not cropped AA A A For a laptop, disable laptop monitor or turn-on dualdisplay mode image not centered on screen move projector, adjust zoom, adjust height adjust horizontal or vertical position in Picture>Advanced menu 22 correct image Problem Solution Result image not square adjust Keystone on keypad square image image not sharp adjust Sharpness (video sources only) in the Picture>Advanced menu correct image AB AB image does not fit 4:3 or 16:9 screen change aspect ratio to 4:3 or 16:9 in Picture>Aspect ratio menu 23 correct image Problem Solution Result image upside down turn off ceiling in Settings>System menu correct image AB image reversed left to right AB turn off rear in Settings>System menu correct image A projected colors don’t match source AB adjust color, tint, color temperature, brightness, contrast in the menus COLOR correct image COLOR 24 Problem Solution Result lamp won’t turn on, LED blinking red make sure vents aren’t blocked, turn off the projector and allow it to cool for a minute lamp turns on Start U Scre p en LED “Change lamp” message appears at startup or lamp won’t turn on and LED blinking red LED if lamp hours > 4,000, lamp must be replaced (see page 37) check lamp hours Main>About Start U Scre p en replace lamp 25 lamp turns on Using the remote control previous button next button The remote uses two (2) provided AA batteries. They are easily installed by sliding the cover off the remote’s back, aligning the + and - ends of the batteries, sliding them into place, and then replacing the cover. Caution: When replacing the batteries, be aware that using batteries other than the type provided with the projector may risk severe damage to the remote. When disposing of the batteries, be sure to do so in an environmentally proper manner. navigation buttons To operate, point the remote at the projection screen or at the projector (not at the computer). The range of optimum operation is about 15 feet (4.5m). Pressing the remote’s Power button when the projector’s Power toggle switch is in the Off position does not cause the projector to power up. You need to put the projector’s Power toggle switch in the On position to let the remote power on the projector. Troubleshooting the remote When the projector is running, you can press the remote’s Power button to place the projector in the Off state (see page 19 for shutdown info) and power it off. Press the remote’s Menu button to open the projector’s menu system. Use the arrow buttons to navigate, and the Select button to select features and adjust values in the menus. See page 30 for more info on the menus. The remote also has Volume and Mute buttons to control the sound, and Video and Computer buttons to switch between sources. Two presentation-specific features are also provided. Use the Blank button to display a blank screen instead of the current slide (you can choose which color is displayed, see page 35); use the Effect button to invoke a user-definable action, such as freeze, zoom or change your aspect ratio for viewing DVDs (see page 35 to learn to program this button). Previous and Next buttons allow you to navigate through your PowerPoint presentation while in Slide Show mode. Connect the USB connector on the computer cable to your computer to use these buttons. When you do this for the first time, the Add New Hardware wizard may appear. See page 13 for details on loading the correct USB drivers. 26 • Make sure the batteries are installed in the proper orientation and are not dead. • Make sure you’re pointing the remote at the projector or the screen, not the computer, and are within the remote range of 15 feet (4.5m). For best results, point the remote at the screen. • If you are trying to advance PowerPoint slides, make sure the USB cable is connected. If using a USB cable, make sure the correct drivers are installed. Using the audio connect audio cable To use the projector’s speaker, connect your source to the Audio In connector on the projector. See page 15 regarding using the audio adapter. To adjust the volume, press the Volume buttons on the keypad or remote. To mute the sound, press the Mute button on the remote. Troubleshooting Audio If you aren’t hearing the audio, check the following: • Make sure the audio cable is connected. • Make sure mute is not active (press the Mute button on the remote). • Make sure the volume is turned up enough. Press the Volume button on the keypad or remote. • Make sure the correct source is active. • Adjust the audio source. • If playing a video, make sure the playback has not been paused. adjust volume Using the keypad buttons Most buttons are described in detail in other sections, but here is an overview of their functions: Menu–opens the on-screen menus (page 30). Select–confirms choices made in the menus (page 30). menu navigation buttons Up/Down arrows–navigates to and adjusts settings in the menus (page 30). Auto Image–resets the projector to the source. Presets–cycles through the available preset settings (page 32). Keystone–adjusts squareness of the image (page 11). Volume–adjusts sound (page 27). Video and Computer–changes the active source. 27 Optimizing computer images Presentation features After your computer is connected properly and the computer’s image is on the screen, you can optimize the image using the onscreen menus. For general information on using the menus, see page 30. Several features are provided to make giving presentations easier. Here is an overview, details are found in the menu section. • Adjust the phase, Tracking, or Horizontal or Vertical position in the Advanced menu (page 33). The Effect button on the remote allows you to assign various features to the button. The default effect is About, which displays information about the projector and current source. You can select among Blank, Mute, Aspect Ratio, Source, Auto Image, Freeze, Zoom, and About. See page 35 for details. The freeze effect allows you to freeze the displayed image. This is useful if you want to make changes on your computer without your audience seeing them. The mask effect allows you to cover part of the image with a black curtain. • Once you have optimized the image for a particular source, you can save the settings using Presets. This allows you to quickly recall these settings later (page 32). The Blank button on the remote allows you to display a blank screen instead of the active source. You can determine the color of this screen (page 35). • The Startup Logo option lets you change the default start up screen to a blank or default screen (page 35). • Two options, Power Save and Screen Save, are provided to automatically shut down the projector after several minutes of inactivity or display a black screen. This helps preserve lamp life (page 34). • Adjust the Keystone, Contrast, or Brightness in the Picture menu (page 31). • Change the Aspect Ratio. Choose the option that best fits your input source (page 31). • Adjust the Color Temperature in the Advanced menu (page 33). • • 28 Optimizing video images Customizing the projector After your video device is connected properly and the image is on the screen, you can optimize the image using the onscreen menus. For general information on using the menus, see page 30. You can customize the projector for your specific setup and needs. See page 34 to page 36 for details on these features. • For rear projection, turn rear mode on in the Settings>System menu. • Adjust the Keystone, Contrast, Brightness, Color, or Tint in the Picture menu (page 31). • For ceiling mounted projection, turn ceiling mode on in the Settings>System menu. • Change the Aspect Ratio. Choose the option that best fits your input source (page 31). • Specify which source the projector checks first for active video during power-up. • The remote’s Effect button allows you to assign various features to the button. The default effect is About, which displays information about the projector and current source. You can select among Blank, Mute, Aspect Ratio, Source, Auto Image, Freeze, Zoom, and About. See page 35 for details. • Specify the function of the Effect button on the remote. • Turn the projector’s display messages on and off. • Turn on power saving features. • Specify blank screen colors and start up logos. • Select a Sharpness setting (page 33). • Specify the language viewed on the menus. • Use the Color Control to adjust the color gain (page 33). • Save settings for the active source as a preset. • Adjust the Color Temperature. Select a listed warmth value (page 33). • Turn on Overscan to remove noise on the edges of the image. 29 Using the menus keypad navigation buttons Main menu To open the menus, press the Menu button on the keypad or remote. (The menus automatically close after 60 seconds if no buttons are pressed.) The Main menu appears. Use the arrow buttons to move up and down to highlight the desired submenu, then press the Select button. To change a menu setting, highlight it, press Select, then use the up and down arrow buttons to adjust the value, select an option using radio buttons, or turn the feature on or off using check boxes. Press Select to confirm your changes. Use the arrows to navigate to another setting. When your adjustments are complete, navigate to Exit, then press Select to go to the previous menu; press the Menu button at any time to close the menus. dots The menus are grouped by usage: • The Picture menu provides image adjustments. • The Settings menu provides set-up type adjustments that are not changed often. • The About menu provides a read-only display of information about the projector and source. Settings menu Picture menu Dots appears before the menu name. The number of dots indicate menu’s level, ranging from one (the Main menu) to four (the most nested menus). Certain menu items may not be visible or may be grayed depending upon a particular source being connected. For example, Sharpness is only available for video sources and is not visible when a computer source is active. Menu options are grayed out only if the source if selected but no signal is present. For example, if the projector is set to a video source but the source, such as a DVD player, is turned off video menu options are grayed out. About menu 30 Picture menu Picture menu To adjust the following settings, highlight the setting, press Select, use the up and down arrows to adjust the values, then press Select to confirm the changes. Keystone: adjusts the image vertically and makes a squarer image. You can also adjust keystone from the keypad. Contrast: controls the degree of difference between the lightest and darkest parts of the picture and changes the amount of black and white in the image. increasing keystone decreasing keystone Brightness: changes the intensity of the image. Color: adjusts a video image from black and white to fully saturated color. The color setting applies to video sources only. Tint: adjusts the red-green color balance in the image of NTSC video images. The tint setting applies to NTSC video sources only. Aspect Ratio: Aspect ratio is the ratio of the image width to image height. TV screens are usually 4:3. HDTV and most DVDs are 16:9. The default is 4:3. Select Native to see the unmodified input with no resizing by the projector. Select 16:9 to watch enhanced widescreen DVDs. For more information regarding Aspect Ratio, see page 14. Aspect ratio 31 Presets: Presets are provided that optimize the projector for displaying computer presentations, photographs, film images, and video images. Film input is material originally captured on a film camera, like a movie; video input is material originally captured on a video camera, like a TV show or sporting event. You can use the preset as a starting point, then further customize the settings for each source. The settings you customize are saved in the preset for each source. To restore the factory default settings, choose Factory Reset in the Settings>Service menu (page 36). Presets Save User Settings There is also a user-definable preset. To set a preset for the current source, adjust the image, select Save User in the Presets menu, then select Yes. You can recall these settings in the future by selecting the User 1 preset. 32 Advanced menu Sharpness: (video sources only) changes the clarity of the edges of a video image. Select a sharpness setting. Advanced menu Sharpness Color Temperature: changes the intensity of the colors. Select a listed relative warmth value. Color Temperature Color Control: allows you to individually adjust the gain for the red, green, and blue colors. Color Control Video Standard: when it is set to Auto, the projector attempts to automatically pick the video standard based on the input signal it receives. (The video standard options may vary depending on your region of the world.) If the projector is unable to detect the correct standard, the colors may not look right or the image may appear “torn.” If this happens, manually select a video standard by selecting NTSC, PAL, or SECAM from the Video Standard menu. Overscan: (video sources only) removes noise around the video image. The following four (4) options are for computer sources only. Video Standard Phase: adjusts the horizontal phase of a computer source. Tracking: adjusts the vertical scan of a computer source. Horizontal/Vertical Position: adjusts the position of a computer source. 33 Settings menu Settings menu Audio: allows adjustments to Volume of the internal speaker. Adjustments can also be made from the projector’s keypad and the remote. Audio Sources: Power-up Source determines which source the projector checks first for active video during power-up. When the Autosource feature is On, the projector automatically finds the active source, checking the Power-up Source first. The options are Computer 1 for a computer source, and Video 1 (for S-video connections), and Video 2 (for composite video connections) for video sources. When this feature is Off, the projector defaults to the source selected in Power-up Source. To display another source, you must manually select one by pressing the Computer or Video button on the remote or keypad. Sources Power-up Source System: Rear reverses the image so you can project from behind a translucent screen. Ceiling turns the image upside down for ceiling-mounted projection. Display Messages displays status messages (such as “Searching” or “Mute”) in the lower-left corner of the screen. NND prevents your notebook computer from going into Screen Save mode if the USB cable is connected. Power Save automatically turns the lamp off after no signals are detected for 20 minutes. After an additional 10 minutes with no signal, the projector powers down and can be toggled off. If an active signal is received before the projector powers down, the image will be displayed. When Power Save is enabled, Screen Save is disabled. Screen Save automatically blanks the screen with a black color after no signals are detected for a preset number of minutes. The image returns when an active source is detected or a remote or keypad button is pressed. System menu Screen Save 34 Startup Logo: allows you to display a blank screen instead of the default screen at startup, and when no source is detected. Startup Logo Blank Screen: determines what color is displayed when you press the Blank button on the remote. Blank Screen Effect Key: allows you to assign a different function to the Effect button on the remote, allowing you to quickly and easily use the effect. Highlight an effect and press Select to choose a different one. • Blank: displays an empty screen. • Mute: turns off all sound. • Aspect Ratio: toggles among 4:3, 16:9, and Native (see page 14 and page 31). Set as the Effect Key, it can allow you to switch the Aspect Ratio for DVDs. • Source: cycles through available sources. • Auto Image: resets the projector to the source (page 27). • Freeze: pauses the projected image. • Zoom: allows you to magnify part of the image. Press Effect, then press the left mouse button to zoom the image. Use the cursor control to pan the image while it is zoomed. Press the right mouse button to decrease the magnification. Press the Effect button to cancel zoom and return to normal magnification. • About: the default effect. It opens a window with projector and source information. Effect Key 35 Language: allows you to select a language for the onscreen display. Language menu Service: To use these features, highlight them and press Select. Service menu Factory Reset: restores all settings to their default. Lamp Reset: resets the lamp hours used counter in the About menu to zero. Do this only after changing the lamp. Service Code: only used by authorized service personnel. About: provides information about the projector and the active source. Showing the About box is the default action assigned to the Effect button. About menu 36 Maintenance Cleaning the Lens 1 Apply a non-abrasive camera lens cleaner to a soft, dry cloth. • Avoid using an excessive amount of cleaner, and don’t apply the cleaner directly to the lens. Abrasive cleaners, solvents or other harsh chemicals might scratch the lens. 2 Lightly wipe the cleaning cloth over the lens in a circular motion. If you don’t intend to use the projector immediately, replace the lens cap. Replacing the Projection Lamp The lamp hours used timer in the About menu counts the number of hours the lamp has been in use. After 3,980 hours, the message “Change lamp” appears on the screen at startup. If the maximum lamp time of 4,000 hours is exceeded, the lamp will not light. In this case, after replacing the lamp you must reset the lamp hours by simultaneously pressing both Volume buttons on the keypad and holding them for 10 seconds. Lamp hours used wait 30 minutes NOTE: You can order new lamp housings from your dealer.Use only a replacement lamp with the same type and rating as the original lamp. 1 Turn off the projector and unplug the power cord. 2 Wait 30 minutes to allow the projector to cool thoroughly. 3 Turn the projector on its side so that the lamp door is facing you. Using a flat-blade screwdriver, gently pry the lamp door from the projector by placing the screwdriver blade into the space between the top of the lamp door and the projector. lamp door 37 4 Loosen the two captive screws that attach the lamp housing to the pro- lamp connector jector. 5 Detach the lamp connector from the projector by depressing the locking lamp cable tab on the connector and lightly pulling it free. WARNING: To avoid burns, allow the projector to cool for at least 30 minutes before you replace the lamp. Do not drop the lamp housing or touch the glass bulb! The glass may shatter and cause injury. lamp housing Be extremely careful when removing the lamp housing. In the unlikely event that the bulb ruptures, small glass fragments may be generated. The lamp housing is designed to contain these fragments, but use caution when removing the lamp housing. screw 6 Carefully remove the lamp housing. Dispose of the lamp in an environ- connector mentally proper manner. 7 Install the new lamp housing and tighten the screws. lamp cable locking tab 8 Re-attach the lamp connector to the projector. The locking tab should lamp housing engage when the connector is fully plugged in. screw 9 Replace the lamp door. 10 Plug in the power cord and toggle the Power switch to turn the projector back on. 11 To reset the lamp hour timer, navigate to the Settings>Service menu and select Lamp Reset. See page 36 for details. Service menu 38 Cleaning the Lamp Housing Screens In dirty or dusty environments, the two dust filter screens in the lamp housing can become clogged, causing high temperatures and premature lamp failure. Routine maintenance to remove dust from the screens lowers the lamp operating temperature and prolongs lamp life. To maximize lamp life you should clean the screen every 250 hours. lamp housing lamp 1 Remove the lamp housing. two screens (one on each side of the lamp housing) 2 Examine the dust filter screens on the lamp housing. If necessary, use a vacuum cleaner set on low power to clean the screens. Be careful not to disturb any internal components when cleaning the screens. 3 Replace the lamp housing and lamp door. Using the security lock The projector has a security lock for use with a PC Guardian Cable Lock System. If you have a PC Guardian Cable Lock, please refer to the information that came with the lock for instructions on how to use it. security lock 39 Accessories Appendix Standard Accessories (ship with the projector) Specifications Shipping Box (with packaging) Temperature Operating 50 to 104° F (10 to 40° C) at sea level 50 to 95° F (10 to 35° C) at 10,000 feet Non-operating -4 to 140° F (-20 to 60° C) Altitude Operating Non-operating 0 to 10,000 feet (3,048 meters) 0 to 20,000 feet (6,096 meters) Soft Carrying Case Computer Cable 6 ft (1.8 m) Audio Cable 6 ft (1.8 m) RCA to 3.5mm Audio Adapter S-video Cable 13 ft (4 m) Power Cable (country-dependent) Humidity Operating Non-operating 10% to 95% relative humidity, non-condensing 10% to 90% relative humidity, non-condensing Remote and Batteries Dimensions 12.5 x 9.8 x 4.49” (318 x 249 x 114 mm) Lens Cap Projection Lamp Housing (included in projector) Quick Setup Card Weight User’s Guide 6.8 lbs. (3.1 kg) unpacked CD Optics Focus Range 4.9 - 32.8 feet (1.5 - 10 m) Safety Card Lamp type 150 - W DC SHP lamp Color-coded Cable Ties, 3 set Input Power Requirements 100-120/200-240 3/2A 50/60Hz Ceiling Mount UL tested/listed ceiling mount with minimum capacity of 34 lbs (15.5 kg) 40 Projected image size Red LED Behavior and Projector Errors If the projector is not functioning properly and the LED is blinking red, consult Table 3 to determine a possible cause. There are two-second pauses between the blinking cycles. Table 2: Range of distance to the screen for a given screen size for the Projector Table 3: Distance to screen Diagonal Screen Size (inches/m) 40/1 50/1.3 60/1.5 100/2.5 150/3.8 200/5.1 Image Width (inches/m) 32/0.8 40/1 48/1.2 80/2 120/3.1 160/4.1 Maximum distance (feet/m) 5.8/1.8 7.8/2.4 8.8/2.7 14.6/4.5 22.6/6.9 30.5/9.3 Minimum Distance (feet/m) 4.8/1.5 6,5/2.0 7.5/2.3 12.4/3.8 19.03/5.8 25.2/7.7 41 Red LED Behavior Explanation One (1) blink The lamp won't strike after five (5) attempts. Check the lamp and lamp door installations for loose connections. Two (2) blinks The lamp counter hours have exceeded lamp life hours. Replace the lamp and reset the lamp hours counter. Three (3) blinks The projector has shut down. Check to see if the lamp door is open. If the lamp door is closed, toggle off the projector and wait one minute, then toggle the projector on again. If the lamp does not strike after one minute, replace the lamp. Four (4) blinks The fan has failed. Five (5) blinks The projector is overheating. Check for a blocked air vent. video devices 4 component cable connector 16 Computer In connector 9 connecting video device 14 connectors on projector 7, 8 Contrast 31 customizing the projector 29 Numerics 16x9 vs 4x3 screen aspect 14 800x600 resolution 4 A About 35, 36 Accessories standard 40 Advance menu 33 altitude limits 40 Aspect Ratio 35 Aspect ratio 31 aspect ratio 14 Audio 34 Audio In connector 9, 15, 27 Autosource 34 D Display Messages 34 Drivers USB 13 Windows 98 13 DVDs 31 E Effect button 28, 29 Effect Key 35 B F Blank button 28 Blank Screen 35 blinking green 19 blinking red 19 Brightness 31 Factory Reset 36 focus 11, 18 H HDTV 4, 6, 31 Horizontal 33 I C IBM-compatible computers 4 image size 5 image optimization 28 image size projected 41 cable box 14 cables ordering 40, 41 Ceiling 34 Color 31 Color Control 33 Color Space 33 Color Temperature 33 compatibility IBM-compatible 4 Macintosh 4 42 K P keypad buttons projector 27 keystone adjustment 11, 18 Phase 33 Picture menu 31 Power connector 9 power cord 9, 16 Power Save 19 Power switch 10 PowerPoint remote’s mouse buttons 26 Power-up Source 34 presentation features 28 Presets 32 projection distance 5 projector connecting video devices 14 customization 29 keypad buttons 27 maintenance 37 positioning 5 setting up 5 troubleshooting problems 19 turning off 19 L lamp ordering 40 Lamp Housing Screens cleaning 39 lamp replacement 37 Lamp Reset 36 Language 36 LED 19 blinking green 19 solid green 19 LED Behavior red 41 LED behavior 19 lens cap 40 leveling foot 17 M Macintosh computers compatibility 4 maintaining the projector 37 Menu button 30 menu usage 30 Monitor Out connector 9 mouse, using your 9 Mute button 27 R Rear 34 Red LED behavior 41 remote control usage 26 replacing the lamp 37 S Screen Aspect 14 Screen Save 19 security lock 39 Service Code 36 Settings menu 34 sharpness 33 N NND 34 O optimizing images 28 optimizing video 29 Overscan 33 43 solid green 19 solid red 19 Sources 34 Specifications 40 Startup Logo 35 S-video connector 15 System 34 T temperature limits 40 Tint 31 Tracking 33 troubleshooting 19 turning off projector 19 TV tuner 14 U USB 9 USB, using your mouse 9 V vents 3 Vertical 33 Video In connector 15 video optimizing 29 Video Standard 33 volume adjustment 18 Volume button 27 W Windows 2000 13 Windows 98 12 Windows ME 13 Windows XP 13 Z zoom 11, 18 44 j~êèìÉë=ÅçããÉêÅá~äÉë ^ééäÉI=j~ÅáåíçëÜ=Éí=mçïÉê_ççâ=ëçåí=ÇÉë=ã~êèìÉë=ÅçããÉêÅá~äÉë=çì=Ǩéçë¨Éë=ÇÛ^ééäÉ=`çãéìíÉêI=fåÅK=f_j=Éí=mpLO=ëçåí=ÇÉë=ã~êèìÉë=ÅçããÉêÅá~äÉë=çì=Ǩéçë¨Éë=ÇÛfåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= _ìëáåÉëë=j~ÅÜáåÉëI=fåÅK=jáÅêçëçÑíI=mçïÉêmçáåí=Éí=táåÇçïë=ëçåí=ÇÉë=ã~êèìÉë=ÅçããÉêÅá~äÉë=çì=Ǩéçë¨Éë=ÇÉ=jáÅêçëçÑí=`çêéçê~íáçåK= ^îÉêíáëëÉãÉåí=c`` oÉã~êèìÉ=W=`Éí=~éé~êÉáä=~=¨í¨=íÉëí¨=Éí=ÅÉêíáÑá¨=ÅçåÑçêãÉ=~ìñ=äáãáíÉë=ǨÑáåáÉë=éçìê=ìå=~éé~êÉáä=åìã¨êáèìÉ=ÇÉ=Åä~ëëÉ=_I=Éå=îÉêíì=ÇÉ=äÛ~êíáÅäÉ=NR=ÇÉë=ê¨ÖäÉãÉåí~íáçåë=ÇÉ=ä~=c``K=`Éë= 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