MFJ 213 - HF/6M. 1.8-60MHZ ANTENNA ANALYZER Instruction manual

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MFJ Antenna Analyzer
1.0 to 60.0 MHz
Model MFJ-213
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INSTRUCTION MANUAL
CAUTION: Read All instructions Before Operating Equipment
MFJ ENTERPRISES, INC.
300 Industrial Park Road
Starkville, MS 39759 USA
Tel: 662-323-5869 Fax: 662-323-6551
COPYRIGHT (02013 MFJ ENTERPRISES, INC.
MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
DISCLAIMER
Information in this manual is designed for user purposes only and is nof
intended to supersede information contained in customer regulations,
technical manuals/documents, positional handbooks, or other official
publications. The copy of this manual provided to the customer will not be
updated to reflect current data.
{Customers using this manual should report errors or omissions,
recommendations for improvements, or other comments to MFJ Enterprises,
300 Industrial Park Road, Starkville, MS 39759. Phone: (662) 323-5869;
FAX: (662) 323-6551. Business hours: M-F 84:30 CST.
Version I il © 2012 MF] Enterprises, Inc
MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
Contents
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Version | li O 2012 MFJ Enterprises, Inc
MFEJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Important: Read Section-2 before attempting to use your analyzer --
applying incorrect operating voltages could result in permanent damage!
Also, never apply a DC voltage to the antenna connector.
General Description: The MFJ-213 is a self-contained handheld RF
analyzer that performs the following diagnostic functions:
SWR (1:1 to 9.9:1)
Complex Impedance (Z =R + jX)
Impedance Magnitude (Z in Q)
Return Loss (in dB)
Cable Loss (in dB)
Capacitance (in pF)
Inductance (in uH)
The MFJ-213 also generates a 0-dBm RF signal that may be used to check
receivers, networks, amplifiers, and antenna patterns. Operating range is:
HF: 1.00 — 60.00 MHz
The MFJ-213 uses a DDS signal generator giving a stable 0dBm signal tuned
by a rotary encoder. Measurements are displayed on an easy-to-read LCD
screen with optional backlighting. Power is supplied by internal AA cells, an
18650 Li-ion cell or by a regulated 12-VDC external power source (not
included). Weighing just over 1.3 pounds, the MFJ-213 package fits
comfortably in one hand for convenient bench work or on-the-fly testing in
the field. Operation is simple, but you will need to read the manual to learn
all of the unit's features and functions. The more you know the more
valuable it will become as a diagnostic tool.
Version | | © 2012 MFJ Enterprises, Inc
MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
2.0 POWER SOURCES
The MFJ-213 may be powered with internal AA batteries, 18650 Li-ion cell
or with an external DC supply. To avoid needless damage and ensure top
performance, please follow the guidelines below when choosing a voltage
source.
2.1 Internal Batteries
To access the jumpers and battery compartments, remove all four screws
securing the analyzer's back cover and carefully open the case. To operate
the MFJ-213 on batteries put the EXT PWR-BAT jumper on the PC board in
the BAT position and install the batteries.
The MFJ-213 can use either AA cells or a 18650 LI-ion cell to power it on
batteries.
AA Battery power requires 3 (three) AA-size 1.5-volt alkaline cells.
Batteries are installed in a fully encased 3-cell plastic tray mounted inside
the analyzer enclosure. Slide the battery box covers sideways to unlatch, and
then lift vertically to expose the cells.
IN >
Slide and
Lift
When replacing old batteries, be sure to follow the manufacturer's
environmental guidelines for safe disposal. For longest battery life, always
replace with a matched set of factory-fresh cells. The MFJ-213 will not
charge batteries in the AA cell pack. Do not use rechargeable AA cells in the
pack. The battery De plugs into the socket on the bottom of the PC Board.
The MFJ-213 can also hold an optional
rechargeable 18650 battery and charger
board. This battery 1s inserted into a
holder that 1s placed at the bottom of the
case. Disassemble the case as listed
above and insert the battery into the
holder making sure the polarity is
correct. This battery is recharged from
the external supply through a special
charging circuit (optional) that plugs into
the MFJ-213. Charging time 1s about 10
hours using the MFJ-1312B. See the section on the charging function below
for charging the battery. The battery holder has a circuit built in to prevent
the battery from discharging below the minimum safe voltage. If the battery
has discharged to that point or a new battery has been put in the battery must
Version 1 2 O 2012 MFJ Enterprises, Inc
MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
be charged above that point resetting the circuit before a Li-ion battery will
function in the MFJ-213.
2.2 External Power Supply
To operate the MFJ-213 on an external power supply plug in an external
power supply onto the EXT PWR jack on the top of the unit..
Powering the MFJ-213 externally requires a well-filtered 12V DC supply
such as the MFJ-1312D capable of delivering 12 to 15 VDC under varying
load conditions. Current drain ranges from 30 mA to 180 mA, depending on
operating mode, frequency range, and whether or not the display backlight is
on. The unit's external power jack 1s located on the front panel and accepts a
standard 2.1-mm power plug. Positive voltage (+) must be applied to the
connector's center pin.
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Important Warnings: Reverse polarity or excessive voltage could
permanently damage the MFJ-213! To avoid damage:
1. Never connect an AC transformer or positive-ground power source
2. Never install or remove batteries with external power connected
3.0 OPERATING MODE
Once you have suitable power (battery or external), you're ready to explore
the analyzer's basic operating features. Begin by pressing the red PWR
button on.
BAND ESC MODE
= ON -
A OFF -.
3.1 Main Menu Screen
The individual functions are listed on the main screen and are selected by
rotating the TUNE/SELECT knob then pushing the TUNE/SELECT knob to
select the function. To exit from any of the functions press the ESC button to
return to the Main Menu Screen.
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Version 1 3 © 2012 MF) Enterprises, Inc
MFJ-213 HFE/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
3.1.1 Antenna Analyzer Mode (1.Antenna)
The MFJ-213 may be used to measure the impedance, complex impedance
and SWR of an antenna connected to the antenna connector in this function.
There are 3 sub-modes selected with the MODE button. Default is the
impedance measurements. The next mode reads the external power supply
voltage (Pv) when connected to an external charger and the battery voltage
(Bv) when batteries are installed. When the external supply or internal
batteries are not installed then those numbers are not valid. The third mode 1s
a measurement of external noise that can cause erroneous readings.
Stimulus Frequency SWR
Ця Нек SWE: 1.68
ca 00 CHI В
Impedance Complex Impedance 3.1.2 Return Loss (2.Loss)
This function on the MFJ-213 reads the return loss and SWR of an antenna
connected to the antenna connector. There are two modes in this function.
The default 1s return loss and the next mode selected by pressing the MODE
button 1s cable loss. The cable loss 1s measured by connecting the cable to
the antenna connector and leaving the other end open or unterminated. This
mode 1s for 50 ohm cables.
Stimulus Frequency Stimulus Frequency
La, aras MHZ SLR 19. 00600 MHZ SLR
Lo PA 1.04 | Cosa ass: В. СЕ
"Return Loss swr 3.1.3 ЦС Return Loss SWR
Measurement Mode (3.LC-meter)
The MFJ-213 may be used to measure the value of unknown capacitors and
inductors. To measure L/C values, select this function, connect the device to
be tested to the antenna jack and follow the procedure outlined below:
Measure Capacitance
If the display does not indicate Xc in the top line and C= in the second line
press the MODE button till this mode is selected. The capacitance at that
frequency is displayed and the capacitive reactance is displayed to the far
right.
Stimulus Frequency
LE EEE HE Кс
C=176.00 ef 177
Capacitance Reactance
Measure Inductance
Version | 4 © 2012 MF) Enterprises, Inc
MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
Press the MODE button till the display indicates XL in the top line and L=
in the second line this mode is selected. The inductance at that frequency is
displayed and the inductive reactance is displayed to the far right.
Stimulus Frequency )
ЦЗ НН MHz AL
|= 2.09 1H 56
Inductance SWR
3.1.4 Li-ion Battery Charge (4.Chr)
Charging the Li-ion battery is done using a special charger (optional)
plugged into the MFJ-213. The external power supply must first be plugged
into the unit for the charger to function. Note just plugging the external
supply will not charge the battery. To charge the Li-ion battery if installed
you rotate the TUNE/SELECT knob to this function then press the
TUNE/SELECT knob in. The charging circuit will come on displaying
CHARGING and will run till fully charged.
3.1.5 Bluetooth link (6.BTIk)
This 1s an option that 1s plugged into the MFJ-213 allowing you to
link the MEJ-213 to an android device. See the installation
instructions with this option on installation and use.
4.0 FREQUENCY SELECTION
The MFJ-213 covers the HF region (1.5-60 MHz)
4.1 Variable Tuning
The MFJ-213 tunes continuously from 1.500 to 60.000 MHz by turning the
TUNE/SELECT knob. The tuning speed can be selected by pushing in the
TUNE/SELECT knob to select which digit to increment. The frequency
displayed on the LCD display will have a bar under the digit that will be
incremented and pushing in the knob advances the bar to the next digit
between 1 KHz and | MHz in the Analyzer mode and 10Hz and 1 MHz in
the other modes.
Stimulus Frequency
== == =
du SIR: 1,66
— Frequency Step Marker
4.2 HF-Band Selection
You can select each of the amateur bands instead of turning the tuning knob
by pressing the BAND button.
Version | 5 E 2012 MFJ Enterprises, Inc
MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
Before moving on to the next section, take time to review the MFJ-213's
basic set-up procedures. Operation becomes second nature quickly, but
should you need it, there’s a supplemental "quick guide" in the back for
reference (Section 8.0). The remainder of the manual will focus on general
instructions and helpful tips for making accurate measurements.
5.0 ACCURACY LIMITS
The MFJ-213 will serve as your “eyes and ears” when working with RF
systems, and it can deliver results that rival units costing thousands of
dollars. However, all handheld analyzers share certain limitations, and being
aware of them will help you to achieve more meaningful results.
5.1 SWR Measurements and Local Interference
The MFJ-213 (and other hand-helds) uses a broadband diode detector that is
open to receiving signals across the entire radio spectrum. Most of the time,
the unit's built-in stimulus generator is powerful enough to overcome any
lack of front-end selectivity and override stray pickup. However, a powerful
transmitter located nearby could inject enough RF energy into the detector to
disrupt readings. If this condition occurs, performance will become erratic
and SWR readings may appear higher than they really are.
5.2 Checking for Local Interference
Unlike many analyzers, the MFJ-213 has an onboard function for identifying
local interference. In the 1.Antenna function simply switch to the third mode
and note the readings you obtain with the antenna connected. If a strong
signal (>100) registers on the display, then suspect interference. If the
interfering source can't be turned off or your antenna can't be moved to a
different location, you may need to use a station transceiver and a thru-line
directional Wattmeter to complete the adjustments.
Stimulus Frequency
18, HE “his 1. HE
MOISE: 128 ++
Moise level Noise indicator
5.3 Detector Linearity and Accuracy
Diode detectors typically become non-linear at very low voltages. Because
of diode non-linearity, it's not uncommon for two identical analyzers to show
slightly different readings when checking a load with very low SWR (or low
RF-return voltage). For example, one analyzer may read 1.2:1 while another
reads 1.1:1 when checking the same antenna. The MFJ-213 is electronically
compensated to minimize detector error, but be aware of the potential for
minor differences.
Version | 6 © 2012 MF] Enterpnises, Inc
MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
5.4 Calibration-Plane Error
The analyzer’s calibration plane is the point of reference where all
measurements have the greatest accuracy (gain reference=0 dB, phase shift
= ()-degrees). For basic hand-held units like the MFJ-213, the calibration
plane is fixed at the antenna connector. As such, any measurement made
through a cable will displace the load from the calibration plane and
introduce some amount of error. For SWR readings, error is mainly caused
by losses in the cable. Specifically, SWR will read somewhat lower through
a length of cable than with the analyzer connected directly to the direct load
because the forward and reflected stimulus signals are attenuated in the
feedline. The more loss there is in the cable, the greater the error. Most of the
time, this inaccuracy isn’t a problem because the SWR you measure with the
analyzer 1s the same SWR the radio will encounter when connected.
However, if you wish to know the antenna’s actual feedpoint SWR for
documentation purposes, the analyzer should be connected directly to the
feed point through a short pigtail.
Calibration-plane error has a much more significant impact when attempting
to measure impedance values because of phase rotation in the cable. In fact,
impedance readings can swing dramatically, depending on the cable's
electrical length and the severity of the load’s mismatch with reference to 50
Ohms. For accurate impedance data, always connect the analyzer directly to
the antenna or device you re testing using the shortest lead possible.
5.5 Sign Ambiguity (+ j)
Most hand-held analyzers (including the MFJ-213) lack the processing
capability to calculate the reactance sign for complex impedance (Z = R = j).
By default, the MFJ-213 displays a plus sign (+ j) between the resistive and
reactive values, but this sign is merely a placeholder and not a calculated
data point. Although the analyzer’s processor can’t calculate sign, it can
often be determined with a small adjustment of the TUNE control. To
determine sign, TUNE the analyzer up-frequency slightly --
(1.) If reactance decreases, the sign is likely to be ( - ) and the reactance
capacitive (Xc).
(2.) If reactance increases, the sign 1s likely to be ( + ) and the reactance
inductive (X;).
Version | 7 © 2012 МЕ Enterprises, Inc
MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
6.0 ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS
Excellent tutorials are available in ARRL Handbooks and other League
antenna publications to help you master the art and science of constructing
and adjusting effective antenna systems. Informative introductory material
may also be found on line, but choose carefully. Not all web material 1s well
edited or accurate (especially items discussed in chat rooms and forums).
Here are some general guidelines to help you get started.
6.1 Antenna Connectors
The MFJ-213 uses a SO-239-female (or UHF) connector. Stacking multiple
adapters together places unnecessary stress the analyzer’s connector and
increases the possibility of measurement error.
6.2 SWR
Standing Wave Ratio (SWR), sometimes referred to as VSWR, is the most
widely used format for checking tuning error and impedance mismatch
between antennas and radios. The MFJ-213 1s calibrated to work on the 50-
ohm impedance standard used by amateur and commercial two-way
equipment (Zo=50). Unless a different cable impedance is specified by the
antenna designer for matching purposes, always use 50-Ohm cable of known
quality when making up transmission lines and patch cables.
WARNING: Never apply external dc voltages or strong RF signals to the
analyzer’s antenna connector or permanent damage will result. Also,
never connect the output of a transmitter to your analyzer.
6.3 Measuring SWR
Here is the recommended procedure for the checking antenna SWR with the
MFJ-213:
(1.) Turn the unit ON and select the Antenna function (Section-3).
(2.) Select the desired Frequency (Section-4).
(3.) Connect the antenna to the analyzer (Antenna connector)*.
(4.) Rotate the Tune knob to find the lowest SWR reading and write it
down.
(5.) Rotate Tune to either side of minimum SWR and note the 2:1 SWR
points.
*When testing large ungrounded antenna systems such as HF dipoles,
momentarily short the feedline center pin to ground to bleed off static
buildup before connecting to the analyzer.
Version 1 6 E 2012 MFJ Enterprises, Inc
MFJ-213 HFE/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
6.4 SWR, Bandwidth, and Resonance
The amateur-radio industry's standard for maximum SWR is 2:1. Most
modern transceivers operate safely and deliver full power within this
mismatch range. The antenna bandwidth is the frequency interval between
its two 2:1 SWR points. This specification, along with minimum SWR and
minimum SWR frequency, is often included on antenna specification sheets.
Note that minimum SWR 1s sometimes wrongly confused with resonant
frequency. The technical definition for resonance is the frequency where
inductive and capacitive reactance cancels, leaving a purely resistive load
(47 = 0). The minimum SWR and resonant frequencies may be close, but
they rarely coincide.
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mel — — — пл пс a a == e El =
14.3 14.4
6.5 Antenna Tuning
Where possible, make adjustments to your antenna that will yıeld SWR
readings under 2:1 over the frequency range where you normally operate. If
the minimum-S WR frequency measures low in the band (or below the band
edge), your antenna is probably too long and will need to be shortened. If the
Minimum SWR frequency 1s too high, it should be lengthened. To calculate
the required change in length:
(1.) Write down the desired minimum SWR frequency (ex: 14.200 MHz)
(2.) Use the analyzer to measure the present minimum SWR frequency (ex:
14.050 MHz)
(3.) Divide the present frequency by the desired frequency (ex 14.050 +
14.200 = .989)
(4.) Multiply the present length by the result (33.3 feet x .989 = 32.94 feet)
Note that this formula applies to full-sized antennas, but not to elements
shortened by coils, traps, or capacitive hats.
Version 1 9 O 2012 MFJ Enterprises, Inc
MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
6.6 Antenna matching
If your antenna doesn’t exhibit 1:1 SWR at the minimum SWR frequency,
then some mismatch is present relative to 50-Ohms. For simple dipoles and
ground-independent verticals, mounting height above ground may be the
primary cause. Generally, it’s best to ignore SWR readings under 2:1 and
mount these antennas as high as possible where they’ll perform best. For
antennas that feature adjustable matching networks (Yagis etc), SWR can
usually be improved by following the manufacturer’s antenna setup
instructions. Note that matching and tuning settings may interact, so
readjustment of both the antenna's element length and matching network
may be needed to obtain best results.
6.7 Matching antennas through a tuner (ATU)
If your antenna can’t be tuned or matched to an acceptable SWR level by
making physical adjustments, then an external antenna tuner (ATU) should
be installed. The MFJ-213 may be used in conjunction with the tuner to
make adjustments without the need to transmit test signals over air. Simply
connect the analyzer to the tuner input (radio side) through a short patch
cable. Select the Analyzer mode, set up the Band, and Tune for the desired
frequency of operation. Then, adjust the antenna-tuner's controls following
the manufacturer's recommendations until SWR approaches 1:1. Remove the
analyzer, reconnect the radio, and the load will be pre-matched to the radio's
50-Ohm operating impedance.
6.8 Antenna Impedance Readings
The MFIJ-213 displays complex impedance and impedance magnitude
readings on the same screen with the SWR reading. However, when
measuring through coax, remember that the impedance readings are phase-
shifted values appearing at your end of the cable and not the actual feedpoint
impedance of the antenna itself (Section-5.4). As a “work-around” strategy,
it’s possible to measure the antenna’s actwal impedance remotely 1f the
feedline is cut to an exact electrical half wavelength. In a half-wavelength
line, the phase shift is a full 360 degrees, which electrically rotates the
analyzer’s calibration plane back into alignment with the load. However, this
strategy only works at one frequency and errors compound quickly if your
cable is multiple half-wavelengths long. As a practical matter, unless you
have an advanced working knowledge of transmission-lines, Smith charts,
and impedance matching theory, it’s best to ignore impedances and rely on
SWR for routine antenna-system adjustments.
6.9 Unpredictable SWR
A change in feedline length shouldn't shift your antenna's minimum-SWR
frequency or have much impact on the SWR readings. If it does, suspect a
significant mismatch between the antenna and coax, or more likely, poor
Version 1 10 O 2012 MFJ Enterprises, Inc
MFJ-213 HF/ VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
isolation between the feedline and the antenna. Isolation problems typically
occur when unbalanced coax line is connected directly to a balanced
element such as a dipole or a loop, and the outer surface of the coax shield
literally becomes a part of the antenna. If the length of the shield happens to
presents a low impedance path, it can load the element significantly and shift
the minimum-SWR frequency unpredictably. It will also introduce needless
mismatch, divert transmitted RF back toward the operating position, causing
RFI problems in the residence, and increase unwanted noise pickup in
receive mode. The best way to decouple the outer surface of the shield from
the antenna element is with a balun. Current-type baluns work best because
they have higher power-handling capability and less loss than other types.
An effective current balun could be as simple as a few loops of coax taped
together at the feedpoint, but for best common-mode rejection, a Guanella-
style balun wound on a ferrite core is recommended.
7.0 ADVANCED FUNCTIONS
Here are some of the MFJ-213 advance functions. Note that some of these
procedures involve connecting component leads to the unit's Antenna
connector. For these connections, we suggest making up a very short UHF-
male coaxial pigtail or obtaining a UHF dual binding post adapter to prevent
damage the center-contact of the analyzer connector.
7.1 Stimulus Generator as a Signal Source
When operated in Analyzer mode, the MFJ-213 generates a 0 dBm CW
carrier (1 mW). See section 3.1.1 for setup procedures. Output will vary
slightly, depending on frequency and operating voltage, but typically holds
to within 1-2 dB of the rated power level over the analyzer's frequency
range. Harmonic suppression averages -20 dBc. A quarter-wave stub or low-
pass filter may be installed if greater harmonic suppression is required for a
specific application. Frequency stability and carrier purity are sufficient for
testing filters, mixers, low-power amplifier stages, and for checking antenna
patterns when a range antenna 1s connected to the analyzer output. The
stimulus generator may also be used for producing lower-level signals with a
suitable precision RF attenuator installed in line. When connecting the
generator directly to active circuitry, always insert a coupling capacitor to
prevent DC voltages from back-feeding into the bridge circuit and destroying
the detector diodes. Also, avoid connecting the stimulus signal directly to
sensitive preamps or receiver circuits that could be damaged by an un-
attenuated 1-mW signal.
Version 1 11 © 2012 MFJ Enterprises, Inc
MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
7.2 Measuring Unknown Capacitance
To measure capacitance, connect the unknown component to the Antenna
connector (usable range is from approximately 15 pF to 1200 pF). To enter
the Capacitance mode, begin with the analyzer at the main menu and select
the LC-meter function (see Section 3.1.3). The screen will display the
approximate value of the unknown capacitor in pF along with the stimulus
frequency where the measurement is being made. The best accuracy is
typically obtained in the 4 to 9 MHz range, which may be selected using the
BAND button and the TUNE knob. Note that any capacitor and lead
combination that approaches self-resonance at the stimulus frequency will
trigger the C = Xc >1.5K42 message and will be un-measurable. Attempt to
re-measure at a lower frequency.
7.3 Measuring Unknown Inductance
To measure inductance, connect the unknown component to the Antenna
connector. To enter the Inductance mode, begin with the analyzer at the
main menu and select the LC-meter function then press the MODE button
to select the inductance mode(see Section 3.1.3).The screen will display the
approximate value of the unknown inductor in uH along with the stimulus
frequency where the measurement is being made. The best accuracy is
typically obtained in the 2 to 9 MHz range, which may be selected using the
BAND button and the TUNE knob. Note that any inductor approaching self-
resonance at the stimulus frequency will trigger the L = X; >1.5K{2 message
and will be un-measurable. Try to re-measure at a lower frequency.
7.4 Determining Cable Velocity Factor
If you have coax cable with an unknown velocity factor, you can determine
It quickly using the following procedure:
(1.) Set the MFJ-213 up in Analyzer mode (Section-3)
(2.) Set the frequency to around 20 MHz (Section-4)
(3.) Make a 1/4-A stub from 9 feet of the unknown cable and connect it to the
analyzer (other end open)
(4.) Rotate Tune for minimum impedance magnitude reading. Write down
the frequency (in MHz)
(5.) Divide 246 by this frequency to find the free-space 1/4-A wavelength in
feet (L = 246 +f MHz)
(6.) Divide 9 (the actual length) by free-space 1/4-A wavelength to get the
Velocity Factor (VF =9 +L)
Note that there 1s nothing magical about the 9-foot stub length, other than it
falls conveniently within the limits the tuning range. Other lengths could be
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MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
used. Shorter stubs will yield poorer accuracy and long ones may needlessly
waste useful cable.
7.5 Tuning a '4-Wave or 2-Wave Coaxial Stub
To accurately tune a coaxial stub, begin by calculating the free-space length
at the stub's intended operating frequency:
For 1/4-A in inches = 295] + MHz
For 1/4-A in feet = 246 + MHz
For 1/2-4 in inches = 5902 + MHz
For 1/2-A In feet = 492 + MHz
Next, multiply the free-space length times your cable's velocity factor.
Finally, add at least 10% to this length for a margin of error (better too long
than too short). Cut the cable to this initial length. Connect one end of the
cable to the analyzer's Antenna connector. For a 1/4-A stub, leave the far
end open. For a 1/2-A stub, short the far end. Next:
(1.) Set the MFJ-213 to Antenna mode (Section-3)
(2.) Initially, set the Band and Tune for the desired stub frequency (Section-
4)
(3.) *Tune down in frequency to find lowest impedance-magnitude reading
(a 1/4-4 open or a 1/2-A short look like a short or low impedance load).
(4.) Write your measured frequency down.
(5.) Divide the measured frequency by the desired stub frequency to obtain a
correction factor
(6.) Multiply the present stub length by the correction factor to get the
desired stub length.
(7.) Re-cut the cable to that length.
*Note that the impedance value may not drop to zero, but it will
begin to increase again as you continue to tune past the null. If the
null reading is broad, choose a frequency at the center.
(4.) Rotate Tune for minimum impedance magnitude reading. Write down
the frequency (MHz)
(5.) Divide 246 by this frequency to find the free-space 1/4-A wavelength in
feet (L = 246 +f MHz)
(6.) Divide 9 (actual length) by free-space 1/4-A wavelength to get the
Velocity Factor (VF =9 +L)
Note that there is nothing magical about the 9-foot stub length, other than it
falls conveniently within the limits of Band E’s tuning range. Other lengths
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MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
could be used. Shorter stubs will yield poorer accuracy and long ones may
needlessly waste useful cable,
7.6 Checking Coax Cable Impedance
To check a length of coax cable for impedance error, connect one end to the
analyzer and terminate the far end with a precision (non-inductive) 50-Ohm
resistive load. The cable will need to be at least 1-A long at 30 MHz for this
test. Set the MFJ-213 up for analyzer mode and tune to 30 MHz. Rotate the
Tune between 15 and 60 MHz while watching the Impedance Magnitude
reading. If the cable 1s 50 Ohms and in good condition, there should be little
change in the impedance magnitude readings. If there are significant
fluctuations, the cable is either not 50 Ohms or is badly contaminated. If
readings cyclically swing between 25 Ohms and 100 Ohms, the cable is 75-
Ohm coax.
7.7 Testing RF Transformers
Broadband HF-matching transformers wound for the 12.5 to 200 Ohm range
may be tested using the MFJ-213. Connect the 50-Ohm (primary) side to the
analyzer connector using a short pigtail or binding post adapter, and attach
the appropriate resistive load across the secondary side (always use a non-
inductive resistor).
| Resistive
= Load
Next:
(1.) Set the MFJ-213 up in Analyzer mode (Section-3)
(2.) Set the Band to the desired frequency range (Section-4)
(3.) Rotate Tune across the frequency range and note SWR. Change bands,
as needed.
At the low and high ends of the transformer's frequency response range,
SWR and reactance will climb to unacceptable levels (< 1.2:1 1s ideal). HF
tuned fransmission-line transformers may be tested in similar fashion by
connecting one end directly to the analyzer and terminating the far end.
However, only precision RF terminations with known impedance
characteristics should be used above 50 MHz. Set up the analyzer for the
desired range and sweep the band of interest using the Tune control.
Transmission-line transformers are “frequency specific” and have much
more limited frequency response.
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MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
7.8 Checking HF Baluns
A well-designed balun will have low SWR and good balance over its
operating range. The MFJ-213 can test both of these qualities using the setup
shown below. Configure the unit to operate in Analyzer mode in the HF
range. Connect the input (unbalanced) side of the balun to the analyzer’s
antenna connector. Connect a center-tapped resistive load to the balanced
side (R1,R2 = 25 for 1:1 baluns, R1,R2 = 100€2 for 4:1 baluns). Using the
Tune and Band controls:
(1.) Sweep the balun for SWR with the test lead disconnected from the load.
(2.) Connect the test lead to the mid-point (A) and re-sweep. There should be
minimal change.
(3.) Connect it to either side (B) (C). SWR will go up, but should go up
equally on both sides.
Short Test Lead ®
= — Tes
— BALUN O
| E R2
(С;
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MF.J-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
NOTES:
Version | 16 © 2012 MF] Enterprises, Inc
MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
8.0 QUICK GUIDE TO ANALYZER CONTROLS AND
FUNCTIONS
Power:
Use only 1.5-V Alkaline batteries or 18650 Li-ion battery. External power
must be 10.8-12.5 Vdc, well regulated. Power plug: 2.1-mm, positive (+) to
center pin.
Power Up:
Press PWR, wait for the Main Menu to come up.
Main Menu Screen:
Rotate the Tune knob to select the desired Function then press to select
the function.
| 1. antenna 2. Loss | 5.ETI1k
| Sa Lester 4. Che scroll ard Press
Set Up Stimulus Frequency:
In any function press the TUNE/SELECT knob to set the step size.
Stimulus Frequency
ЦН, НЫ За), НН
— Frequency Step Marker
Press the BAND button to select the amateur band if desired.
Turn the TUNE knob to set the exact frequency desired.
Analyzer Function Screen (1.Antenna):
Connect the antenna to the Antenna connector.
Set the frequency and read the results.
Stimulus Frequency SWR
18.898 SUR: 1,66
Sao TEM E
Impedance Complex Impedance
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MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
Return Loss Function (2.Loss):
Connect the antenna to the Antenna connector.
Set the frequency and read the results.
Stimulus Frequency
Retum Loss Mode | REIS. TAE 1.6
Return Loss | SWR
Stimulus Frequency
Coax Loss Mode 19. 80000 MHz SLR
a ин ны НЫ En
ds
Locas: В. РНЕ:
Return Loss SWR
L/C Function (3,LC-meter):
Connect the capacitor, inductor or unknown load to be measured to the
Antenna connector.
Select the frequency to test at.
Measure the results.
Stimulus Frequency
Measure C Mode ЦН НН МНЕ e,
C=120,68 FF 132
Capacitance Reactance
Stimulus Frequency
Measure L Mode ЦН, НН МНЕ к
Ls 8.09 1H SEE
Inductance SWR
Charging Function (4.Chr):
Plug ın external power supply.
Select 4.Chr and charging will start and backlight will turn off.
When fully charged the display will indicate CHARGING COMPLETE.
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MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
Technical Assistance
If you have any problem with this unit first check the appropriate section
of this manual. If the manual does not reference your problem or your
problem is not solved by reading the manual, you may call MFJ
Technical Service at 662-323-0549 or the MFJ Factory at 662-323-5869.
You will be best helped if you have your unit, manual and all information
on your station handy so you can answer any questions the technicians
may ask.
You can also send questions by mail to MFJ Enterprises, Inc, 300
Industrial Park Road, Starkville, MS 39759; by facsimile (FAX) to 662-
323-6551; or by email to [email protected]. Send a complete
description of your problem, an explanation of exactly how you are using
your unit, and a complete description of your station. Also include the
firmware version number of your unit.
Version | 19 O 2012 MFJ Enterprises, Inc
MFJ-213 HF/VHF/UHF Antenna Analyzer Instruction Manual
12 MONTH LIMITED WARRANTY
MFJ Enterprises, Inc. Warrants to the original owner of this product, if manufactured by
MFJ Enterprises, Inc. and purchased from an authorized dealer or directly from MF]
Enterprises, Inc. to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 12
months from date of purchase provided the following terms of this warranty are satisfied.
Г:
10.
|1.
12.
The purchaser must retain the dated proof-of-purchase (bill of sale, canceled check,
credit card or money order receipt, etc.) describing the product to establish the
validity of the warranty claim and submit the original or machine reproduction of
such proof-of-purchase to MFJ Enterprises, Inc. at the time of warranty service.
MFJ Enterprises, Inc. shall have the discretion to deny warranty without dated
proof-of-purchase. Any evidence of alteration, erasure, or forgery shall be cause to
void any and all warranty terms immediately.
MEF] Enterprises, Inc. agrees to repair or replace at MFJ’s option without charge to
the original owner any defective product under warranty, provided the product is
returned postage prepaid to MFJ Enterprises, Inc. with a personal check, cashiers
check, or money order for $12.00 covering postage and handling .
MFJ Enterprises, Inc. will supply replacement parts free of charge for any MFJ
product under warranty upon request. A dated proof-of-purchase and an $8.00
personal check, cashiers check, or money order must be provided to cover postage
and handling.
This warranty 1s NOT void for owners who attempt to repair defective units.
Technical consultation 1s available by calling (662) 323-5869.
This warranty does not apply to kits sold by or manufactured by MF] Enterprises,
Inc.
Wired and tested PC board products are covered by this warranty provided only the
wired and tested PC board product is returned. Wired and tested PC boards installed
in the owner’s cabinet or connected to switches, jacks, or cables, etc. sent to MF]
Enterprises, Inc. will be returned at the owner's expense unrepaired.
Under no circumstances is MF] Enterprises, Inc. liable for consequential damages to
person or property by the use of any MEJ products.
Out-of-warranty Service: MFJ Enterprises, Inc. will repair any out-of-warranty
product provided the unit is shipped prepaid. All repaired units will be shipped
COD to the owner. Repair charges will be added to the COD fee unless other
arrangements are made.
This warranty 1s given in lieu of any other warranty expressed or implied.
MEF] Enterprises, Inc. reserves the right to make changes or improvements in design
or manufacture without incurring any obligation to install such changes upon any of
the products previously manufactured.
All MF] products to be serviced in-warranty or out-of-warranty should be addressed
to MFJ Enterprises, Inc., 300 Industrial Park Road, Starkville, Mississippi 39759,
USA and must be accompanied by a letter describing the problem in detail along
with a copy of your dated proof-of-purchase.
This warranty gives you specific rights, and you may also have other rights, which
vary from state to state.
MFJ ENTERPRISES, INC. MFJ-213 Manual
300 Industrial Park Road Version 1
Starkville, MS 39759