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AnyMedia
®
Access System
Element Manager for
Narrowband Services
Release 1.3
Functional Description
363-211-411
Version 1.00
(08.99)
Copyright © 1999 Lucent Technologies. All rights reserved.
Printed in U.S.A.
This material is protected by the copyright and trade secret laws of the United States and other countries. It may not be reproduced, distributed or altered in any fashion by any entity, (either internal or external to Lucent
Technologies), except in accordance with applicable agreements, contracts or licensing, without the express written consent of the Customer Training and Information Products organization and the business management owner of the material.
Notice
Every effort was made to ensure that the information in this document was complete and accurate at the time of printing. However, information is subject to change.
Ordering Information
The order number for this document is 363-211-411. For more ordering information, refer to "How to Order
Documents" in the section "About This Document".
How to Comment on This Document
A feedback form is located immediately after the legal page of this document. Please send or fax your comments and suggestions to:
Lucent Technologies Network Systems GmbH
Fax no.: +49 911 526-3545
Trademarks
Acrobat Reader is registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
AnyMedia is a registered trademark of Lucent Technologies.
Internet Explorer is a copyright of Microsoft Corporation.
Netscape Navigator is a trademark of Netscape Communications Corporation.
Windows 95 and Windows 98 are copyrights of Microsoft Corporation.
UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively through X/Open
Company Limited.
Quality Management System
The Quality Management System (QMS) for Lucent Technologies’ Product Realization Center (PRC) Access has been registered to ISO 9001 under the Norwegian Scheme by Det Norske Veritas (DNV) since June
1993. ISO 9001 is an international quality standard recognized by more than 90 countries worldwide. It is a model for quality assurance in design, development, production, installation, and servicing.
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Title: AEM-NB Functional Description Release 1.3
363-211-411 Version 1.00
(08.99)
Contents
1
363-211-411
6
7
About this Document
3
4
1
2
5
Overview
Intended Audience
How to use this Document
Conventions Used
5.1
Related Documentation
Print Copy (Hard Copy)
5.2
CD-ROM
How to Order This Document
How to Comment on This Document
Functional Description
1.1
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
About this Subject
Introduction
Main Functions
ISO Functional Areas
1.3
1.2.3
1.2.4
Applications
System Working Modes
System and Software
Architecture
1.3.1
1.3.2
Functional Groups
Hardware Platform
1.4
1.4.1
Working with AEM-NB
Network Planning and
Physical Installation
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.5.1
1.5.2
Configuration Management
Network Operation & Surveillance
1.5
1.4.4
System Security and User Groups
Network Configuration
AEM-NB Server without Clients and external OS (LAN)
1.5.3
1.5.4
AEM-NB Server with Clients and external OS (WAN)
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Contents
AB
GL
IN
Abbreviations
Glossary
Index
IV
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1
Purpose
Overview
This Functional Description provides the following information for Lucent Technologies
AnyMedia
®
Access System Element Manager for Narrowband Services
(AEM-NB), Release 1.3:
■
■
Main functions
Applications
■
■
■
■
■
System and software architecture
Software platform
Graphical User Interface
Hardware platform
Network configuration.
2 Intended Audience
The Functional Description is intended for marketing and sales personnel who want to get an overview of the AEM-NB functionalty.
3 How to use this Document
The description is divided into a number of sections (subjects), clearly separated by numbered tabs. The front pages of the description also describe this division, and list the titles of the subjects together with the corresponding tab numbers.
Through this readers can quickly select the subject of their interests and needs.
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About this Document
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
How are we doing
A comment form so readers can give feedback to improve the next revision of the document.
Table of contents
About this document
Defines the purpose of the document and the intended audience. Also included are topics about the conventions used in the document, related documentation, how to order documents, and how to comment on this document.
Chapter 1, Functional Description
Contains the overview over the system, its features and capabilities.
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Lists all abbreviations and acronyms used in this manual.
Glossary
Defines special terms used in this manual.
Index
Alphabetical index to quickly search for paragaphs in the manual which provide more information on a certain keyword.
4
Numbering
Conventions Used
Each fascicle can be identified by its number and contains a chapter which is numbered accordingly (e.g. Chapter 1 is contained in Fascicle 1).
The page, figure and table numbering begins with “1” in every chapter. To be able to identify them easily, these numbers are prefixed with the fascicle number. For example, Figure 1-3 designates the third figure in Fascicle 1.
Cross-References
Keyword Blocks
Abbreviations
Trademarks
Lucent Technologies trademarks
Cross-reference conventions are identical with those used for numbering, i.e. the first number in cross-references refers to the corresponding fascicle.
To facilitate the location of specific text passages, the guide contains so-called keyword blocks. These are placed to the left of the main text and contain either a keyword or a word which indicates the contents of a paragraph or group of paragraphs.
Each abbreviation used in this guide is listed in Fascicle AB (“Abbreviations”) of the hardcopy version unless it can be assumed that the reader is familiar with this abbreviation.
The trademarks used in this document are identified after the title page. Trademarks of Lucent Technologies and other companies are in italics and the trademarks modify a noun (e.g., the system name contains a trademark, AnyMedia™
Access System). A trademark is not treated as an acronym (it is not spelled out or expanded).
Lucent Technologies trademarks are identified with the registered mark (
®
) or trademark (™) symbol the first time the trademarks are used in a chapter.
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Trademarks of other companies
The trademarks of other companies are identified with a footnote reference the first time the trademarks are used in a chapter.
5 Related Documentation
Document list
The following is related documentation for the AEM-NB and for additional components:
Table 1 List of Documents
Component Manual Type
A nyMedia Access System Applications, Planning, and
Ordering Guide (APOG)
A nyMedia Access System Command and Message Manual
(CMM)
A nyMedia Access System User Service Manual (USM)
Vol. 1 (Narrowband Services)
Comcode
108 298 670
108 298 761
108 298 811
A nyMedia Access System User Service Manual (USM)
Vol. 2 (Broadband Services)
108 543 380
A nyMedia Access System Installation Manual (IM)
(For Rack Configurations)
Mass Provisioning Tool for
V5 Services
User Manual
AEM-NB R1.3
User Service Manual (USM)
108 298 779
CIC Ordering
Number
363-211-110
363-211-111
363-211-112
363-211-115
363-211-113
363-211-116 a a a a a b
363-211-412 a a For the ordering address see Chapter 6, How to Order This Document.
b The MPT User Manual is included in the Mass Provisioning Tool delivery. Additionally it is available in PDF format on CD-ROM.
5.1
Print Copy (Hard Copy)
Document packaging and format
All listed documents are available in print.
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About this Document
5.2
Table 2
Component
AEM-NB R1.3
CD-ROM
The User Service Manual and the Functional Description are available in PDF format on CD-ROM and an Adobe Acrobat Reader
1
is provided to view them.
Customer Documentation on CD-ROM
CD-ROM
Customer Documentation on CD-ROM includes:
−
User Service Manual (USM)
−
Functional Description.
Ordering Number
363-211-415
6 How to Order This Document
Ordering number
The ordering number for the AEM-NB Functional Description is 363-211-411.
Order procedure
One-time orders
Standing orders
To order additional hard copies of this document and/or to request placement on the standing order list, send or call in an order as follows:
Mail Order a
Lucent Technologies
Customer Information Center
Attention: Priscilla Stanley, email: [email protected]
2855 N. Franklin Road P.O. Box 19901
USA-Indianapolis, IN 46219
Telephone Order
(Monday through
Friday)
Within USA:1-888-LUCENT8
7:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. EST
FAX from USA:
+1-800-566-9568
FAX Worldwide:
+1-317-322-6699 a For ordering, a purchase order number, or charge card number is required with all orders. Make checks payable to Lucent Technologies.
One-time orders include the contents for the current document issue in effect at the time of order.
You may request an update on the standing order list for all later reissues of any document. The standing order list for each document provides automatic distribution for all reissues of the document.
1 Acrobat Reader is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
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About this Document
7 How to Comment on This
Document
Document comment procedure
The first sheet in this manual (after the title page) is the feedback form How Are
We Doing?
Please use this form to fax your comments and suggestions concerning the USM,
363-211-411 to:
Lucent Technologies Network Systems GmbH
Fax no.: +49 911 526-3545
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About this Document
X
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Functional Description
1
Contents
1.1
About this Subject
1.2
Introduction
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.2.1
1.2.2.2
Main Functions
ISO Functional Areas
Configuration Management
Fault Management
1.2.2.3
1.2.2.4
1.2.3
1.2.4
Performance Management
Security Management
Applications
System Working Modes
1.3
System and Software
Architecture
1.3.1
1.3.1.1
Functional Groups
NE Management
1.3.1.2
1.3.1.3
General Components
Software Platform
1.3.1.3.1
1.3.1.3.2
1.3.1.4
1.3.1.5
Software Bus
Repository
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Northbound Interface
1.3.1.6
1.3.2
Southbound Interface
Hardware Platform
1.3.2.1
1.3.2.2
Architecture
Requirements
1.4
Working with AEM-NB
1.4.1
Network Planning and
Physical Installation
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1.4.2
1.4.3
Configuration Management
Network Operation & Surveillance
1.4.3.1
1.4.3.1.1
Fault Management
Fault Identification
1.4.3.1.2
1.4.3.1.3
Fault Localisation and Diagnosis
Fault Clearance
1.4.3.2
1.4.3.2.1
Network Modification
Installation and Removal of an NE
1.4.3.2.2
1.4.3.3
Modification of NEs
Performance Monitoring
1.4.4
System Security and User Groups
1.5
Network Configuration
1.5.1
1.5.2
1.5.3
1.5.4
AEM-NB Server without Clients and external OS (LAN)
AEM-NB Server with Clients and without external OS (LAN)
AEM-NB Server without Clients and with external OS (WAN)
AEM-NB Server with Clients and external OS (WAN)
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1
1
1.1
Scope
Purpose
Contents
About this Subject
This chapter describes the
AnyMedia
®
Access System Element Manager for Narrowband Services (AEM-NB) R1.3. This release is compatible with the network element (NE) R1.3.
This chapter provides an overview of the AEM-NB and tries to give an insight into the functioning of the AEM-NB by providing detailed information on the AEM-NB features mentioned.
The following AEM-NB subjects are described:
■
Basic functionality
■
■
Management features
System and software architecture
■
■
■
Hardware and software platform
Interfaces
Applications.
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Functional Description Introduction
1.2
General
Benefits
Introduction
The AEM-NB is part of a Telecommunication Management Network (TMN). It represents the element management layer and fulfils the tasks of the ISO ( International Standardizations Organisation) functional areas (see Chapter 1.2.2, page 1-3).
This provides some benefits for the operator:
■
Better control over revenue generating services by local and centralized management
■
■
Reduced time and effort for provisioning tasks
Fast and efficient fault detection and isolation
■
■
■
Prevention of unauthorized access by appropriate security mechanisms
Reduction of operator mistakes by easy-to-use Graphical User Interface
(GUI)
Integration with higher management levels for network, service and business purposes.
1.2.1
Main Functions
The AEM-NB provides the following main characteristics/functions:
■
Support of all AnyMedia Access Systems features
■
■
Equipment Overview
Common alarm handling for all network elements (NEs)
■
■
■
■
■
■
Report, Log, Backup & Restore functions
TL1 NE access via TCP/IP based on DCN
User security handling (user profiles, NE domains)
Online Help
Multi User access
Northbound interfaces (TL1).
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1.2.2
ISO Functional Areas
1.2.2.1
1.2.2.2
Configuration Management
The Configuration Management supports the complete range of graphical functions to provision and maintain the R1.3 NEs. Network topologies, shelf views and self-explaining menus are navigating the operator to configure POTS, ISDN-BRA and Leased Line Services (no provisioning can be done for leased lines). The following main functionalities are offered (for more detail see Chapter 1.3.1.1, page 1-8):
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
Inventory management
Equipment provisioning and maintenance
Service provisioning
Clock synchronization
System/Equipment/Service status
Software download
NE database backup and restore
System date/time synchronization.
Fault Management
The Fault Management supports the operator in detecting, displaying, localizing and logging any faults occurring in the managed network. The following main functionalities are offered (for more detail see Chapter 1.3.1.1, page 1-8):
■
■
Handling of alarm severities (critical, major, minor)
Receiving of autonomous alarm messages
■
■
■
Retrieving of alarms per NE, plug-in, application pack
Retrieving of alarm and event logs from NE
Initialization of tests for fault analysis purposes.
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1.2.2.3
1.2.2.4
1.2.3
Performance Management
The Performance Management provides facilities for retrieving, storing as logs and printing the logs of the NE performance data to ensure the quality of service.
Security Management
The Security Management functions which are based on UNIX
®1 control the access to the AEM-NB and to the managed NEs. The following main functionalities are offered (for more detail see Chapter 1.3.1.1, page 1-8):
■
■
■
■
■
AEM-NB user administration
AEM-NB user security profile
No additional NE login for current AEM-NB user
AEM-NB access via login name and password
2
Inactivity user session time-out
2
.
Applications
The AEM-NB provides 6 applications which give access to the management functionality as described in Chapter 1.2.2, page 1-3. The following applications are available:
■
■
System Administration
User Administration and Profiling
■
■
■
■
Log Viewer
Alarm Viewer
Configuration Manager
BroadBand EM.
Each application is composed by one or more tasks. The default user group assignment to the individual applications/tasks is described in Chapter 1.4.4, page 1-27.
1
2
1-4
Version 1.00
UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively through X/Open Company Limited.
provided by the SUN Solaris operation system.
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1.2.4
System Working Modes
The AEM-NB can work in the following two modes:
■
Stand-alone Mode
■
Integrated Management Mode.
Stand-Alone Mode
These modes are not mutually exclusive, i.e. the AEM-NB is always able to perform the element management tasks even while it is connected to any other management system OS.
In the stand-alone mode the AEM-NB performs the whole management of the
NEs on its own. The user is able to perform all management tasks via the GUI.
Figure 1-1 shows the system architecture in the stand-alone mode.
AEM-NB
TL1,
FTP
NE NE
Integrated
Management Mode
Figure 1-1 Stand-Alone Mode
In the integrated management mode the AEM-NB works as an integral part of the customer’s management network, providing higher management systems (OSs) with services to manage NEs in their domains.
The AEM-NB allows other OSs to pass provisioning, testing or fault information to and from the NEs, e.g. a fault management surveillance system can collect fault data using the northbound interface.
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Figure 1-2 shows the system architecture of the integrated management mode.
OS
TL1
AEM-NB
TL1,
FTP
NE NE
Figure 1-2 Integrated Management Mode
The complete system and software architecture of the AEM-NB is described in
Chapter 1.3, page 1-7.
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1.3
1.3.1
System and Software
Architecture
Functional Groups
The AEM-NB software architecture is built with a number of components that can be grouped in the following distinct functional groups:
1.
NE Management
(Equipment Management, Service Management, Alarm Management,
Test Management, Performance Management)
2.
General Components
(Components for Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OAM);
Common Servers)
3.
Software Platform
(Software bus, Repository, third party libraries)
4.
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
5.
Northbound Interface
6.
Southbound Interface.
Figure 1-3 shows the six functional groups. The shadowed blocks are part of the
AEM-NB.
OS
User
4
GUI
5
Northbound
Interface
3
1
NE Management
(Equipment, Service, Alarm, Test, Performance)
2
General
Components
Common S.,
OAM comp.)
Software Platform
(Software bus, Repository, third party libraries)
Hardware Platform
(SUN/Solaris)
6
Southbound
Interface
NE
Figure 1-3 AEM-NB Functional Groups
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1.3.1.1
Equipment
Management
NE Management
The NE Management functionality is distributed in 5 areas. These are: Equipment
Management, Service Management, Alarm Management, Performance Management and Test Management.
The Equipment Management provides the following functionality/features:
■
Scrolling List of NEs
■
The NEs are displayed in a list covered in a single window called Network
Browser, where the NEs and their components can be handled like files in a file browser.
NE Provisioning
■
■
The operator can create a new NE manageable for the AEM-NB view. The operator must enter the specific configuration data for the new NE such as
IP address, NE Name, NE user-id and password.
Software Download to a single NE
Provides a storage medium for maintaining a copy of the software and a mechanism for downloading that software to a NE.
Software Download to multiple NEs
■
■
■
■
Download of new software to multiple NEs on an individual connection basis.
NE Non-Volatile Data Storage Restoration
Restores NE non-volatile data storage upon user request. Provides a storage medium for maintaining a copy of the NVDS for backup and restore purposes on a periodic basis.
Maintain a local Copy of NE Inventory
The AEM-NB maintains a local copy of specific hardware identifiers and software version identifiers. This local copy accepts automatic inventory notifications. This information can be used for display and report functions in case of loss of communication with the supported NE. The hardware identifiers include all plug-ins.
Maintain a local Copy of NE Provisioning Configuration Data
The AEM-NB maintains a local copy of all cross-connection and parameter settings for each NE. This information can be used for display and report functions in case of loss of communication with the supported NE.
Maintain NE Software Copies
The system keeps a copy of the versions of the NE software running in the
NEs (30-channel) managed by the AEM-NB. Generally, only one version of
NE software per NE type is used by all the NEs in a network but the AEM-
NB must have the capacity to manage two software versions during the upgrade period.
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■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
NE Reset (INIT-SYS)
Allows the user to delete the NE and restore the factory settings for the whole NVDS except for the IP address and the target identifier, so that the
AEM-NB can still communicate with the NE after the command execution has been completed.
AEM-NB Database Synchronization
Automatic update of the AEM-NB database records based on NE database changes.
Protection Control
The management system provides a facility to allow the user to switch operation of one unit in a NE to a standby unit, if that unit exists.
Equipment Protection
The AEM-NB allows the user to provision the equipment information for the protection scheme. Also the user can force protection switching.
— NE R1.3 COMDAC - simplex/duplex
— NE R1.3 IO_HDLC - simplex/duplex.
NE Timing Synchronization
The AEM-NB supports the user to configure the NE synchronization clock sources.
NE Date and Time
The AEM-NB allows the user to set and retrieve the date and time of the
NE.
NE Disaster Recovery from the AEM-NB
The AEM-NB is able to reconstruct its NE database by polling the NEs for information and from internally maintained backup copies of data.
Fiber Reach Support
The AEM-NB supports the fiber reach by providing alarm information.
Support of NE Standby Configuration
The AEM-NB supports the NE Standby Configuration via the cut-through interface.
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Functional Description
Service
Management
Alarm
Management
System and Software Architecture
The Service Management provides the following functionality/features:
■
NE Service Status
Provides the aliveness status of the individual NEs providing a customer's service across all NEs under the AEM-NB’s control.
— V5.1/V5.2 Interfaces
— Primary/Secondary Links
— V5 ISDN User Ports
— V5 PSTN User Ports
■
— ISDN Signalling Configuration
— V5.2 Protection Group 2.
Network Interfaces and Subscriber Service Provisioning and Activation
The AEM-NB supports all provisioning functions related to 2-Mbit/s network interfaces and subscriber services. Provisioning contains the creation, deletion and parameter setting/modification of the different subscriber services. The AEM-NB service activation enables and disables the service.
2-Mbit/s network services:
— V5.1
— V5.2
— non-switched services (via cut-through).
Subscriber services:
— analogue telephone (POST) based on V5
— ISDN (2B+D) based on V5
— analogue leased line
— digital leased line (via cut-through).
The Alarm Management provides the following functionality/features:
■
Integrated display of all the alarms
The AEM-NB provides a common window (alarm viewer) to show all alarms reported by the managed NEs or generated by the management system itself. The display shows all the information pertaining to the alarm, including alarm type, severity, service affecting indication, date/time of occurrence and clearing.
■
■
Alarm Display Filters
It is possible to filter the items shown in the alarm viewer, for instance, to see only the critical alarms.
Alarm Notification to User
The user is informed by visual and audible alerts when a new alarm has been reported to the AEM-NB.
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Performance
Management
Test
Management
System and Software Architecture
■
■
■
■
■
■
Clearing of Alarms
Alarms in the management system will automatically be cleared when the faults are removed at the source (such as in the NEs or in the platform).
The alarm information will contain the date and time of alarm clearance.
Acknowledged Alarms
The operator can acknowledge a raised alarm - alarm still active but being investigated. The AEM-NB registers the time at which an alarm changes its status from raised to acknowledged and, separately, from acknowledged to cleared. It is also possible for an alarm to go directly from the raised to the cleared state.
Alarm Colors
The management system provides a color scheme based on alarm severities.
Enable/Disable of autonomous Alarms on an NE Basis
Fault Localization
Provides fault localization across all NEs under the AEM-NB control. The
COMDAC LEDs show the highest severity alarm for the system. The individual plug-in unit LEDs show the highest severity alarm for the plug-in unit.
Fault localization is performed at AP level.
NE Alarm Log Handling
The AEM-NB is able to retrieve the NE alarm log via the cut-through interface.
The Performance Management provides the following functionality/features:
■
Handling of Performance Records
Records can be displayed, printed and stored in a user-defined file.
The Test Management provides the following functionality/features:
■
Port Test
■
It is possible to request a test for a particular port on a specific application pack.
TAP Test
■
■
■
It is possible to check the correct cabeling between the communication interface unit and the test application pack.
Standby Card Test Scheduling (via cut-through)
It is possible to schedule a test to perform a COMDAC side switch or offline diagnostic for the standby COMDAC or the protection.
Built-in Self-Test
Each NE performs a built-in self-test of plug-ins periodically.
Loopback Test at the feeder side
It is possible to set or clear a loopback on particular feeders.
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■
■
■
Support of the ISDN Line testing
Requests a subscriber line testing on a specific list of services (e.g. POTS,
ISDN, etc.). The subscriber line tests may consist of the following tests:
— foreign voltage measurement
— insulation measurement
— capacity measurement
— dial tone
— short circuit.
Support of CRC test for ISDN drops
Support of Loopback test at the drop side.
1.3.1.2
General Components
The components of this group do not have or require any knowledge of the NEs the AEM-NB is managing. They provide a platform on which the other AEM-NB components can operate and isolate them from the underlying customer platform.
OAM Components
The OAM components provide operation, administration, maintenance and security functionality. This is based on third party-tools (i.e. orbix) and a set of specific applications.
The OAM components provide the following functionality/features:
1.
Operation/Administration/Maintenance
■
Standard Reports
The system allows the user to generate a set of predefined reports from the information kept by the AEM-NB. The reports cover the following areas:
— Alarms
— Equipment configuration
— Service provisioning
— NE inventory
■
■
— Performance.
The reports are available for displaying, printing and saving in a postscript file.
Backup and Restore of system relevant data
Relevant data includes all information necessary to restore the situation in case of an AEM-NB crash.
AEM-NB Software Upgrades
Provides an established release cycle for AEM-NB software upgrades in a way that minimizes incompatibility with NE software releases, and allows for upgrades to provide for OS compatibility. This upgrade does not affect the services provided by NEs.
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■
Log Administration
The logs are capable of being printed and visualized. The system limits the size of the system logs. It is possible to make backups of the logs and to remove them from the system. There are logs for:
— Actions
Contains all the information on actions performed by users or the
AEM-NB and which imply changes in the AEM-NB configuration, equipment (NE) configuration, service and subscriber configuration, access to the AEM-NB, print reports and backup & restore, i.e. all operations triggered by the user or the AEM-NB and all subsequent actions. The results of operations are also logged in the actions log.
— System Internal Events
Contains all internal events or actions which report unusual changes in the configuration and state of the AEM-NB or indicate errors that occurred in the AEM-NB.
— Autonomous Reports
Contains all information useful for the equipment supplier about alarms (NE and platform), the performance and all TL1 messages sent from all managed NEs and which imply changes in the database.
Possibility to sort logs
It is possible to show items in the logs while visualizing, saving or printing.
2.
Security
■
Possibility of creating/deleting/modifying AEM-NB Users
■
The AEM-NB uses the security mechanisms provided by the SOLARIS Operating System.
AEM-NB Security Privilege Levels
■
■
■
Allows at least three privilege levels within the managed domain. This is mapped to the NE privilege levels accordingly.
— Administrator: has all the permissions.
— Maintenance: has configuration and monitoring permissions.
— Monitoring: has alarm monitoring and testing permissions.
NE User Security Privilege Levels
It is possible to administer the NE users and the privilege levels via the cutthrough interface.
User Access is authenticated through User Name and Password
Single Login to Access the Domain
Enables an authorized user to access multiple NEs simultaneously (e.g.
multiple windows) using a single login and password.
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Common Servers
■
■
■
Domain Partitioning
Enables the NEs managed by the AEM-NB to be partitioned into separate security domains and permits users access to the domains based on their areas of responsibility and profile.
User Inactivity Timer
1
The user terminal will be locked with a screen saver once a configurable inactivity timer has expired. To unlock the terminal, the user has to type his/her password. The timer has to be configured by the administrator.
Lock Screen
1
The user is able to lock the screen whenever he wants. To unlock the terminal the user has to enter his/her password.
Common Servers offer general purpose services. A common server
■ manages the AEM-NB history and security logs
■
■ logs the history and security data of other processes upon request provides log information upon request
■
■ provides a facility to generate and print client reports in the AEM-NB printers provides event distribution services based on a supplier/consumer model.
1.3.1.3
CORBA
Architecture
Software Platform
1.3.1.3.1
Software Bus
The communication between the AEM-NB processes is based on the Common
Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) standard. The heart of the CORBA architecture is the Object Request Broker (ORB). The ORB is a software bus to which different applications can connect to offer their services and/or to use other applications’ services (from which they are clients).
The ORB provides a transport mechanism that makes connected servers’ location, platform and implementation transparent to their clients, making applications easier to distribute and scale.
Protocol
Introduction
Contained
Information
The protocol used by the ORB is the Internet Interoperability Protocol (IIOP).
1.3.1.3.2
Repository
The Repository contains all the AEM-NB information that must be persistent. It is supported by an Object Oriented Database (ObjectStore) and the underlying operating file system. All components of the system have direct access to the repository to store/retrieve their own data.
Information in the repository includes:
1 provided by the SUN Solaris operation system
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■
■
■
■
■
NE inventory
(for each NE: the hardware identifiers and the software versions)
Equipment and Service provisioning data
History and security logs
External system communication parameters
AEM-NB configuration data
Alarms cache.
1.3.1.4
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Introduction
The Java based GUI is responsible for putting up forms, collecting user input
(commands and data) and routing it on to the correct component. It also receives data from the relevant process which it uses to update its display. The GUI has direct access to the services provided by the AEM-NB through the ORB.
Functionality,
Features
The GUI provides the following functionality/features:
■
Support TL1 messages
Supports all TL1 messages for all NE products for dumb terminal access.
Allows direct input of TL1 messages. In some markets, direct input of TL1 messages may not be allowed and can be suppressed via the appropriate security permissions.
■
■
■
■
Online Help
Provides access to online help which contains at least information on the operation of the AEM-NB, meaning of the buttons, etc.
Multiple windowing
Provides multiple windowing for access to multiple NE information on a single screen.
Multiple user access
Provides for multiple users access to the AEM-NB at the same time. Multiple users may include multiple OSs or NMSs as well as multiple GUI access.
Time and Date format
■
■
Enables the user to use local/preferred time and date format. For example, the local calendar must be supported or optional use of 24 hour clock versus a 12 hour clock.
User friendly GUIs
Provides a user-friendly interface and hides the complexities of the information models.
Manageable Objects organized in a Hierarchy
The configuration is implemented within a GUI hierarchy:
— NE group level, containing a number of NEs
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— NE level, starting with shelf-view.
GUI process to be separated
The graphical interface driver can be placed on a separate platform from the rest of the EMS application.
1.3.1.5
Tasks
Northbound Interface
The Northbound Interface performs all the tasks needed to communicate to other
OSs. It allows external OSs access to the NEs managed by the AEM-NB directly through TL1 commands via a Northbound Interface. This access is controlled by the Northbound Interface until the OS is disconnected.
TL1 Northbound
Interface
The TL1 Northbound Interface allows an external OS access to the NEs managed by the AEM-NB directly through TL1 commands for provisioning, testing and alarm purposes.
1.3.1.6
Tasks
Southbound Interface
The Southbound Interface performs all the tasks needed to communicate to the
NEs managed by the AEM-NB. It provides distributed CORBA access which includes implementation and translation of TL1 commands, response and autonomous messages into equivalent CORBA requests and events.
TL1 Southbound
Adaptors
Functionality,
Features
The TL1 Southbound Adaptors isolate the main AEM-NB functionality from the specific protocols used by the NEs. They are responsible for translating actions and state changes conveyed through CORBA messages from/into the NE specific message formats.
The Southbound Interface provides the following functionality/features:
■
Southbound TCP/IP TL1 Client Application
■
Support for the TL1 client application on the southbound TCP/IP interfaces.
TL1 is used for most of the OAM&P functions (see Chapter 1.3.1.2, page 1-12).
Southbound TCP/IP FTP Client Applications
■
Support for the FTP client application on the southbound TCP/IP interfaces. FTP is required for software download and NE data backup/restore.
Southbound TCP/IP Telnet Client Applications (Cut-Through)
Support for the Telnet application on the southbound TCP/IP interfaces.
Telnet is used to provide a direct command line into the NE (i.e. an equivalent ASCII terminal interface).
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1.3.2
Hardware Platform
1.3.2.1
Architecture
Components
A number of AEM-NB Clients (UNIX Workstations) can be added to the AEM-NB
Server to support concurrent users or remote access to the server’s applications.
These clients can be connected through a TCP/IP infrastructure or a Local Area
Network (LAN). Examples are shown in Figure 1-9, page 1-28 to Figure 1-12, page 1-31.
Tasks of the
Components
Conceptional
Representation
The tasks of the components are:
■
AEM-NB Server:
Manages all the AEM-NB applications and provides access to the NEs, the database and the external OS.
■
AEM-NB Client:
Formats the display of the application screens and manages the users sessions with the application, e.g. database access.
Figure 1-4 is a conceptual representation of the various generic components.
GUI
AEM-NB Client
User
AEM-NB
Server
+
Database
GUI
AEM-NB Client
Figure 1-4 Hardware Components
AEM-NB System
External OS
NE
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Examples of
AEM-NBs
System and Software Architecture
Two examples of an AEM-NB system are shown in Figure 1-5.
AEM-NB System 1: AEM-NB System 2:
Client Client Client
AEM-NB Server
Hub
AEM-NB Server
Figure 1-5 Examples of AEM-NBs
1.3.2.2
Requirements
Server/Clients
A SUN SOLARIS workstation can be used as AEM-NB Server as well as AEM-NB
Client.
Peripherals
The AEM-NB system may use a number of peripherals with the following tasks:
■
CD-ROM:
Used for installing the system software.
■
■
Tape drive or another removable device (optional):
Used for backup and restore functions.
Printer:
Used for obtaining hard copies, e.g. configuration/alarm reports or performance monitoring measurement information.
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1.4
Goal of this
Chapter
Working with AEM-NB
This chapter will outline the management activities and processes in the AEM-NB.
The main emphasis is on presenting everyday operation processes. The chapter is structured with respect to the various network life cycle phases (see further below).
User Profiles
Life Cycle of a
Network
There are 3 default user profiles: the administrator, maintenance and monitoring profile. The rights belonging to these profiles are described in Chapter 1.4.4, page 1-27.
The individual life cycle of a telecommunication network has the following phases: planning, installation, provisioning, operation & surveillance, modification and finally decommissioning. Modification of a network may take the form of fine adjustment, expansion or restructuring of the network, and addition of new functionality.
Figure 1-6 shows the life cycle of a network.
Support by
AEM-NB
.
Planning
.
Installation
Modification
.
Provisioning
Operation &
Surveillance
.
Decommissioning
Figure 1-6 Life Cycle of a Network
The AEM-NB is mainly used in three life cycle phases: during network provisioning, network modification and network operation & surveillance. The installation phase is supported by the Graphical System Interface for Narrowband Services
(GSI-NB).
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1.4.1
Network Planning and
Physical Installation
Network Planning
Physical
Installation
Network Status after Physical
Installation
In the network planning phase, all specifications and requirements of the future network operation are translated into a concrete network structure. That means, the network planning phase, during which a decision on the network topology, equipment and components is made, has to take place before the operation with the AEM-NB starts.
The installation of the network follows the planning phase. The installation includes the following steps:
■
■
Physical NE installation.
This includes the installation of racks, plug-ins and cabling of the NEs.
Creation of a DCN plan
■
■
■
Communication between the AEM-NB and the NEs is carried out via the
Data Communication Network (DCN). A DCN plan should be drawn up before provisioning the network to ensure that the AEM-NB can reach all NEs and that the administration of the DCN does not lead to an undue increase in performance requirements.
NE connection to the AEM-NB server
OS connection to the AEM-NB Server (optional)
Installation of the third-party, application and AEM-NB software on the
AEM-NB Server.
After completion of these steps, the network operator has at his disposal a network which is connected physically with AEM-NB and which is, in principle, ready for operation.
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1.4.2
Configuration Management
Introduction
The Configuration Management in accordance with the specific operating conditions of the network operator is performed by special provisioning actions. It is assumed that the NEs and AEM-NB have already been physically connected.
Provisioning
Actions
Figure 1-7 provides an overview of the provisioning actions and the text which follows gives a detailed description.
.
Configuration Management
Eintragen der
NE and Domain Creation
Eintragen der
Equipment Configuration
Konfigurierung der
Service Provisioning
NE and Domain
Creation
Equipment
Configuration
Figure 1-7 Network Provisioning
Prior to equipment configuration and service provisioning, the NEs must be known in the AEM-NB. To achieve this, the following 4 steps are necessary:
1.
Creation of domains
2.
Creation of NEs
3.
Assignment of NEs to any domain(s)
4.
Logical connection of NEs.
All steps are described in detail in Chapter 5, User Service Manual (Order no.
363-211-412).
NEs can be configured if they are known in the AEM-NB. The following measures should be performed:
■
Selection of the timing synchronization source
■
Selection of the COMDAC (simplex/duplex) and IO_HDLC protection scheme
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Service
Provisioning
■
■
■
■
Selection of those slots for which an absence of the plug-in will be alarmed
(only applicable for COMDAC)
Provisioning of card types which are inserted in a slot
Configure ISDN in POTS mode via cut-through
Provisioning of the protection switching.
All steps are described in detail in Chapter 5, User Service Manual (Order no.
363-211-412).
If the NEs are configured and integrated in the network, cross connections can be defined. The following actions are necessary:
■
■
Creation of V5 Network Interfaces
Adding of V5 Links to the V5 interfaces
■
■
Adding of Primary/Secondary Links
Adding of V5 User Ports.
All steps are described in detail in Chapter 5, User Service Manual (Order no.
363-211-412).
After the provisioning phase the NEs can now be controlled and monitored by the
AEM-NB and start operation & surveillance.
Network Status after Provisioning
1.4.3
Actions
Required
Rights
Network Operation & Surveillance
During network operation & surveillance, the administration, control and supervision of the network mainly include
■
■
■
Fault Management
Network Modification
Performance Monitoring.
The administrator rights are sufficient to perform all required operations. The visual check of parameters and displays on the GUI requires monitoring rights only.
1.4.3.1
Fault Management
Alarm Types
General Fault
Handling
There are two alarm types: alarms generated by the NEs and alarms generated by AEM-NB itself, e.g. an alarm indicating that log files without archiving is being removed (LOG_DEL_FULL). All alarms are displayed in the alarm viewer. It allows the network operator to detect the alarm and to locate its source.
Figure 1-8 shows the general fault handling. In the following the individual phases are described in more detail.
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und
Fault localisation and diagnosis
• Identification of the alarm source
• der
• Identification of the fault source
• der
•
Fault identification
-
- durch der (Polling)
• Alarm logs
• auf der
•
• -
•
NE NE NE
Background
Detection of Faults
Figure 1-8 General Fault Handling
1.4.3.1.1
Fault Identification
AEM-NB gathers information about faults occurring in the network and forwards this information to the network operator. This procedure includes two tasks: on the one hand, the fault must be identified, and on the other hand, the fault information must be processed as alarm notifications to be displayed on the user interface.
If an NE fault is detected, the NE notifies the AEM-NB. The notification comprises the type of fault and the address of the originating NE. The AEM-NB detects and processes such a notification automatically.
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Alarm Display on the User Interface
Alarm Logs
Reaction to Fault
Identification
Fault Source
Background
Recovery
Mechanisms
If the unit of a NE fails that is responsible for the communication with the AEM-NB, the fault is identified differently. No alarm notification will be sent to the AEM-NB.
The AEM-NB detects the fault by testing at regular intervals whether the association to the particular NE is dropped. In this case the AEM-NB itself raises an alarm.
A complete alarm overview and a detailed alarm description is provided by the alarm viewer. All relevant alarm data (e.g. alarm severity) are shown.
The AEM-NB keeps alarm logs to store the alarm notifications. Alarm logs are used among other things for long-term observations, e.g. of the fault behaviour in the network. Alarm logs exist for pending alarms, for the alarm history and for clock events in the network.
1.4.3.1.2
Fault Localisation and Diagnosis
When a fault has been detected, it is necessary to localise its source and diagnose its cause in order to initiate appropriate repair procedures. To locate the cause of fault, the AEM-NB provides information gathered from alarm notifications and general network data.
Each alarm notification contains the name of the network component from which it originates. This network component, however, need not always be the real fault source.
1.4.3.1.3
Fault Clearance
The AEM-NB detects faults automatically and clears various software errors by itself (fault recovery). The transmission characteristics of the network will not be impaired by this.
System Recovery protects the AEM-NB and associated users from unnecessary problems and avoids or reduces manual work.
Recovery processes vary depending on the type of failure that occurred, the structures affected, and the type of recovery. If no files are lost or damaged, recovery may amount to no more than restarting an instance. If data has been lost, recovery requires additional steps, such as database restore using a previous backup.
AEM-NB recovery mechanisms are initiated mainly by the following situations:
■
NE software crash
■
■
AEM-NB crash
Communication between AEM-NB and a NE is interrupted.
In the case of a NE crash, the AEM-NB configures NEs in accordance with the internal state of the AEM-NB database. In the event of a AEM-NB crash or an interruption in communication, the AEM-NB downloads the current NE configuration from the NE to its database.
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Interactions between Operator and AEM-NB
Initiation of Maintenance Actions
Faults (software or hardware), the cause of which the AEM-NB cannot eliminate itself by means of a recovery mechanism, must then be handled by the user. The
AEM-NB supports this. The AEM-NB first displays the fault on the user interface.
The user then initiates appropriate measures to clear the fault and/or to maintain network operation. This includes access to faulty network units and the redirection of the network traffic. The AEM-NB supports both.
Sometimes, additional maintenance actions are necessary to clear a fault. For example, some network disturbances can also originate in hardware faults. Such hardware faults often require the faulty component to be replaced, and this can only be done by maintenance personnel.
NOTE:
More detailed information about maintenance actions is provided in
Chapter 6, User Service Manual (Order no. 363-211-412).
Fault Clearance
Once the fault has been cleared, the alarm is reset automatically.
1.4.3.2
Network Modification
Types of Network
Modification
Usually, network operation & surveillance requires structural modifications in the network. The AEM-NB supports this. There are two types of network modifications:
■
■
Installation or removal of NEs
Modification of NEs.
1.4.3.2.1
Installation and Removal of an NE
Installation of a NE
For installing a new NE in an existing network the following steps must be carried out:
1.
Check whether the new NE can be incorporated in the existing DCN plan drawn up in the network planning phase (if not, the DCN plan must first be revised)
2.
Creation of the NE
3.
Assignment of the NE to a domain
4.
Logical connection of the NE
5.
Selection of the timing synchronization source
6.
Selection of the COMDAC protection scheme (simplex/duplex)
7.
Selection of those slots for which an absence of the plug-in will be alarmed
(COMDAC)
8.
Provisioning of card types which are inserted in a slot.
All steps are described in detail in Chapter 5, User Service Manual (Order no.
363-211-412).
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Removal of an NE
If an NE is no longer managed by the AEM-NB, the administrator deletes it from the AEM-NB database.
NOTE:
When an NE is deleted from the AEM-NB database, it is still fully functional.
The TL1 and TCP/IP links between the AEM-NB and the NE will be closed and the management access via the AEM-NB is not possible until the NE is created and connected again.
Adding a
Plug-in
1.4.3.2.2
Modification of NEs
NEs can be modified by adding or removing plug-in units. The AEM-NB recognises automatically which plug-in unit has been plugged and where. As only default settings are set on the new plug-in unit, the system administrator must adapt the configuration.
When deleting a plug-in, it must be ensured that there are no connections running via this unit. Then the plug-in may be removed.
Removing a
Plug-in
1.4.3.3
Performance Monitoring
Tasks of
Performance
Monitoring
Performance management guarantees that the transmission quality does not fall below a minimum performance threshold.
Another task is the recording of data for analysis at a later date, e.g. storing alarms in logs and print them.
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1.4.4
Protection from
Unauthorised
Access
User Groups
System Security and User Groups
The AEM-NB provides mechanisms which protect the system from unauthorised access. The user groups play a very important role in this context as they define different levels of access rights for the individual users.
By default there are 3 user groups: the administrator, maintenance and monitoring user group. Further groups can be added.
Access Rights
Table 1-1 provides an overview of the access permissions the user groups should have.
Table 1-1 Assignment of User Groups to Applications/Tasks
Application
System
Administration
User Administration and Profiling
Log Viewer
Alarm Viewer
Configuration
Manager
BroadBand EM
Task
Start-up / Shutdown
Monitoring
Access Policy
Management
User Group
Administrator
Administrator
Administrator
Domain Management
Actions
Administrator
Administrator, Maintenance
System Internal Events Administrator, Maintenance
Autonomous Report Administrator, Maintenance,
Monitoring
Acknowledge
View
Administrator, Maintenance
Administrator, Maintenance,
Monitoring
Clear
NE Creation
Equipment and
Service Provisioning
View
Administrator, Maintenance
Administrator, Maintenance
Administrator, Maintenance
Test
Scripts
Cut-through
BroadBand EM
Administrator, Maintenance,
Monitoring
Administrator, Maintenance,
Monitoring
Administrator
Administrator
Administrator, Maintenance,
Monitoring
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1.5
1.5.1
Network Configuration
The network configuration depends on the user applications. The most probable configurations are described below and illustrated in Figure 1-9 to Figure 1-12.
NOTE:
If there are various configuration options of the DCN, these are shown in the figures by means of dashed lines. The hubs are optional depending on the number of client platforms and NEs.
AEM-NB Server without Clients and external OS (LAN)
AEM-NB server connected to the NEs using a Local Area Network (LAN).
AEM-NB Server
Hub
TCP/IP (LAN)
NE NE
Figure 1-9 AEM-NB Server without Clients and external OS (LAN)
NE
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1.5.2
AEM-NB Server with Clients and without external OS (LAN)
AEM-NB server and one or more clients connected to the NEs using a LAN.
Client
AEM-NB Server
TCP/IP (LAN)
Hub
Client Client
NE NE
NE
Figure 1-10 AEM-NB Server with Clients and without external OS (LAN)
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1.5.3
AEM-NB Server without Clients and with external OS (WAN)
AEM-NB server connected to the NEs using a LAN and connected to one or more external OSs using a WAN link.
OSs Servers, e.g. TNM Server
Bridge/Router
WAN LINK
(ISDN, PSTN, X.25, SONET/SDH, ATM)
TCP/IP - PPP
Modem/
ISDN Network Adapter
AEM-NB Server
TCP/IP
Bridge/Router
Hub
TCP/IP (LAN)
NE NE NE
Figure 1-11 AEM-NB Server without Clients and with external OS (WAN)
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1.5.4
AEM-NB Server with Clients and external OS (WAN)
AEM-NB server and one or more clients connected to the NEs using a WAN link and connected to one ore more external OSs using a LAN connection.
Client Client Client
Hub
OSs Servers, e.g. TNM Server
TCP/IP
Modem/
ISDN Network Adapter
TCP/IP - PPP
AEM-NB Server
WAN LINK
(ISDN, PSTN, X.25, SONET/SDH, ATM)
Modem/
ISDN Network Adapter
TCP/IP - PPP
Bridge/Router
Hub TCP/IP (LAN)
NE
NE NE
Figure 1-12 AEM-NB Server with Clients and external OS (WAN)
NE
Bridge/Router
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Abbreviations
A
ACO
Alarm Cut-Off
ADSL
Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line
AEM
AnyMedia™ Access System Element Manager
AFM
Access Feeder Multiplexer
AID
Access Identifier
AMAS
AnyMedia Access System
ANR
Abnormal
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
AO
Autonomous Output Message
AP
Application Pack
APOG
Applications, Planning, and Ordering Guide
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AUTO
Automatic
B
BAL
Balance
BB
Broadband
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Abbreviations
BCL
Bank Controller Link
BITS
Building Integrated Timing Supply
BRA
Basic Rate Access
C
CD
Compact Disk
CDE
Common Desktop Environment
CFL
Customer Feature List
CIT
Craft Interface Terminal
CIU
Communication Interface Unit
CLEI
Code assigned by Bellcore
CMIP
Common Management Information Protoco
CO
Central Office
COBRA
Common Object Request Broker Architecture
CPE
Customer Premises Equipment
CR
Critical (alarm severity)
CRV
Call Reference Value
CTAG
Correlation Tag
CTRL
Control
CTU
Craft Test Unit
CU
Channel Unit
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D
DB
Database
DC
Direct Current
DCN
Data Communication Network
DDS
Digital Data System
DFL
Default
DID
Direct Inward Dial
DPT
Dial Pulse Termination
E
ECI
(Code that corresponds to the bar-coded label on the faceplate of the plug-in)
EIA
Electronic Industries Association
EM
Element Manager
EM-AM
Element ManagerAnyMedia
ENT
Enter
EOC
Embedded Operations Channel
EQPT
Equipment
ESF
Extended Super Frame
ETO
Equalized Transmission Only
EVT
Event
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F
FAF
Facility Failure
FEF
Family of Equipment Failure
FLT
Fault
FS
SuperFrame with Datalink
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
FXO
Foreign Exchange Office
G
GS
Ground Start
GSF
General Service Function
GSFN
Generic Signalling Function
GSI
Graphical System Interface
GUI
Graphical User Interface
H
HBER
High Bit Error Ratio
HDD
Hard Disk Drive
HDLC
High Level Data Link Control
HP
Hewlett Packard
HW
Hardware
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I
ICC
InterChangeability Code
ICMS
Integrated Configuration Management System
ID
Identifier
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IIOP
Internet Interoperability Protocol
IN
Information (alarm severity)
INA
Integrated Network Access
IP
Internet Protocol
IS
In Service
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network
ITU
International Telecommunication Union
L
LAN
Local Area Network
LBER
Low Bit Error Ratio
LCN
Local Communication Network
LDS
Local Digital Switch
LED
Light Emitting Diode
LIC
License
LLN
Logical Line Number
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LPBK
Loop Back
LS
Loop Start
M
MDS
Metallic Distribution Server
MDSU
Metallic Distribution Server Unit
MEA
Mismatch of Equipment and Attributes
MHz
Megahertz
MJ
Major (alarm severity)
MLT
Mechanized Loop Testing
MM
Module Manager
MN
Minor (alarm severity)
MON
Degraded Signal
MR
Modification Request
MSC
Metallic Shelf Controller
N
NB
Narrow Band
NE
Network Element
NEM
Network Element Management / AnyMedia EM subsystem
NM
Network Management
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NMA
Network Monitoring and Analysis
NMS
Network Management System
NVDS
Nonvolatile Data Storage
NVPS
Nonvolatile Program Storage
O
OAM
Operations, Administration and Maintenance
OCU
Office Channel Unit
OMG
Object Management Group
OODB
Object Oriented Database
OOS
Out Of Service
OPS
Operations System
ORB
Object Request Broker
OS
Operation System
P
PBX
Private Branch Exchange
PC
Personal Computer
PCM
Pulse Code Modulation
PDN
Public Data Network
PFU
Power Filter Unit
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PID
Password Identifier
PLL
Permanent Leased Line
PLN
Physical Line Number
PLR
Pulse Link Repeater
POTS
Plain Old Telephone Service
PPP
Point to Point Protocol
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network
PT
Power Test
PTU
Power Test Unit
PVC
Permanent Virtual Circuits
R
RAM
Random Access Memory
RCV
Receive
RDLD
Red Lined
REPT
Report
ROC
Remote Operations Channel
ROM
Read Only Memory
RTLP
Receive Transmission Level Point
RTU
Remote Test Unit
2RVO
2-Wire Loop Reverse Battery, Originate
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S
SC
Station Clock
SCC
Serial Communication Channel
SCEC
Secondary Channel Error Correction
SCI
Station Clock Interface
SDEE
Supported Entity Exists
SDH
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SGE
Supported Entity Outage
SL
Slope
SLC
Subscriber Loop Carrier
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
SPLL
Semi Permanent Leased Line
SVC
Switched Virtual Circuits
SW
Software
T
TA
Terminal Adapter
Test Area
TAP
Test Access Path
Test Application Pack
TCA
Threshold Crossing Alert
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
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TID
Target Identifier
TL1
Transaction Language 1
TLP
Transmission Level Point
TM
Timeslot Management
TMC
Timeslot Management Channel
TMN
Telecommunication Management Network
TNM
Total Network Management
TO
Transmission Only
TRMT
Transmit Attenuator Parameter
TS
Test
Timeslot
TTLP
Transmit Transmission Level Point
TTMT
Tandem Transmit Attenuator Parameter
U
UART
Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
UAS
Unassigned
UEQ
Unequipped
UI
User Interface
UID
User Id
UPS
Uninterruptable Power Supply
UX
Unix
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V
VB
Virtual Bank
VC
Virtual Connection
VF
Voice Frequency
VFDE
Voice Frequency Data Enhancement
VRT
Virtual Remote Terminal
W
WAN
Wide Area Network
X
XO
Crystal Oscillator
Y
YEL
Yellow Alarm
Z
ZCS
Zero Code Suppression
ZS
Zero Suppression
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Glossary
10Base T
This is a physical interface used for high speed Ethernet connection. It uses twisted pair cables.
A a-wire
One of the wires of the subscriber line. Sometimes it is called the tip wire.
AEM-NB
AnyMedia Access System Element Manager for Narrowband Services. It may be also named simply AEM-NB in some parts of the document.
Alarm
Any condition that needs operator attention, since it may impact the normal operations of any system under operator responsibility (e.g. Element Manager, Network Element).
AMS
Alarm Management Subsystem.
AnyMedia Access System
This is also referred to as the Network Element or just the NE.
AnyMedia NE
AnyMedia Network Element for Narrow Band Services. It is the Network Element to which the DCN defined in this document is related. Also known as FAST or AMAS.
AO
Autonomous output; reports generated by the NEs.
Application
Group of one or more modules that offer related functionality.
Applicatios Pack (AP)
This is a circuit pack which provides the line-side interface functionality for POTS, SPOTS, ISDN or special service circuits. Each AP handles 24 or 32 lines (POTS, SPOTS, COIN and special services) or 16 lines (ISDN). There can be up to 16 APs in an AnyMedia Access System shelf. APs are for example LPZ100, LPU112, TAP100 as well as
ADSL and AFM packs for broadband applications.
Archive
Process of copying file systems to removable media (such as tape) and deleting the original files once they have been backed up.
B b-wire
One of the wires of the subscriber line. Sometimes it is called the ring wire.
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Glossary
Backup
Process of copying file systems to removable media (such as tape) to safeguard against loss, damage, or corruption.
BB
Broad Band.
BCC protocol
Bearer Channel Connection protocol - This is a V5.2 protocol which allocates bearer channels on demand.
Bearer channel
A 64-kbps timeslot within the V5.x interface allocated for a B-channel of an ISDN user port or a channel from a
POTS user port.
Blinking Alarm
An alarm which is continuously changing its status: raised, clear, raised, clear ...
Bridge
A network layer device that passes packets between two or more network segments that use the same data link communications protocol (OSI layer 2). The network segments appear as one segment to protocol levels higher than the data link layer. The bridge recognizes with the help of the MAC address which LAN component is connected at which port of the bridge. Data packets are only transferred over the bridge if the participant is at another port of the bridge. With a bridge, data traffic can be kept from a certain part of a LAN.
Built-in Self Test (BIST)
This is a procedure executed by each plug-in circuit pack either after power-up or on demand. The task is to check the functions of the hardware.
Burst Load
Load that can occur in certain well-known circumstances, where response times are no longer guaranteed, but queues handle excess traffic. After removing the causes of the burst load, and a certain settling time, normal operation is resumed. During burst load there is a graceful degradation, no loss of information, only a queueing occurs to defer the load to a later moment.
Busy Hour Load
Maximum load that is expected to occur in real life that must be handled with normal response times.
C
Circuit
This refers to the devices and functions built on or provided by an AP for one port. In some documents this is also called facility. The subscriber line is not included.
Client
An entity that initiates requests to a server. For the AnyMedia Access System a client could be a PC with a GUI interface, a telnet session or an OS (like the AEM-NB).
Client Application
A group of one or more user modules that offer related functionality.
Client Host
A machine where one or more user modules are installed.
Common Data and Control Pack (COMDAC)
Common Data and Control - Plug-in which provides the central control and transmission fabric for the AnyMedia
Access System. The COMDAC supports multiple system applications, including V5.x switched services and analog and digital leased lines (ALL and DLL) and a variety of application packs.
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Configuration Management
This consists of a set of functions for controlling the network elements, including initialization, parameter setting, starting and stopping and collecting information about the NE configuration.
Controlled Objects
An entity defined via type and value. Where type is defined as NE for AEM-NB R1.0, but later when unbundled it requires the ability to configure type as VRT for the 24-channel product. Value will identify one specific managed
NE or VRT Interface.
CIT: Craft Interface Terminal
A local RS232 connection on the AnyMedia access system to which a PC GUI can be connected.
D
Date
This refers to the day, month, and year and represents a calendar function that needs to include a calculation for leap years and a capability of determining the day of the week from the date, and must be Y2K compliant.
DCN
Data Communications Network; the communication media and interconnected devices used to exchange management information between the AEM-NB, the NEs and other OSs.
Defaults
Defaults are the parameter values built into the AnyMedia Access System when it is shipped from the factory. The sum of all defaults forms the default configuration. (Default values are restored upon execution of an Initialize-System command.) For TL1 commands there are defined defaults for parameter values which are used for parameters not given in the command line.
Device Driver
A program that controls a specific device, such as a cartridge tape (DAT).
Distribution Port
The circuitry that provides narrowband access (i.e., up to the 1.544 Mbps DS1 rate) to a single network interface over one (2- or 4-wire) metallic facility and converts between the format seen by this network interface (e.g., analog voice-frequency, ISDN U-interface, etc.) and the internal format (i.e., 4-Mbps timeslots). Distribution Ports are contained in Application Packs / Channel Units for the AnyMedia Access System. A maximum of 32 Distribution Ports are supported on POTS/COIN Application Packs (APs) and a maximum of 16 Distribution Ports are supported on
ISDN APs.
Download
The process of moving information from a server to a client at the request of a client according to client/server paradigm. Expected applications of this capability are database retrievals.
Drop
This comprises the wire to the customer and customer premises equipment (CPE). In some documents this is also called equipment.
E
E1
E1 is the standard acronym for the 2.048-Mbit/s interface defined in the ITU-T Recommendations G.703/G.704.
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EAS Element Access Server
This is a CORBA server developed by Lumos Technologies which provides an interface between TL1 messages and CORBA methods.
EM Application
A group of one or more modules that offers related functionality.
EM Domain
An assigned collection of Controlled Objects.
EM Task
This represents a subset of the management functions supported by EM applications.
EM User
An entity defined via login name that can be assigned at least to an EM user group.
EM User Group
A logical group of EM users enabled to access one or more “domains”. Permissions to access domains, applications and tasks are administered on an EM user group basis.
Embedded Operations Channel (EOC)
A duplicated DS0 data link dedicated for exchange operations messages between the LDS and RDT.
F
Fault Case
For some faults (e.g. DCN failure), normal working conditions need to be re-established within certain time limits.
These are fault cases that are taken into account.
Fault Management
For detecting, displaying, storing, filtering and routing fault/alarm data.
Feeder DS1 Ports
These are the DS1 circuits that are used to provide virtual remote terminals or INA virtual bank feeder facilities and are provided by IO_DS1 circuit packs in the AnyMedia Access System. The DS1 port numbers are included as part of the AIDs for these feeder DS1 ports.
Forced Switch
This refers to an Element Manager-initiated switch command that instructs the NE to perform a switch no matter what the conditions of the protection unit (COMDAC and IO_DS1 circuit packs only) are.
Full Backup
This copies a complete file system or directory.
G
General settings
These are parameters which are valid for all customer-specific configurations (for example loop-start function for all
Z ports which are assigned for POTS service or suppression of out-band signalings for Z ports which are assigned for ALL (transmission-only) service).
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GSI
Graphical System Interface - A user-friendly front-end for communicating with a system. In the
AnyMedia Access
System the GSI is installed on a Windows 95 personal computer and used for entering and receiving TL1 (Transaction Language 1) messages. The GSI provides support for managing the
AnyMedia Access System in the following functional areas:
■
■
Configuration management
Fault management
■
■
■
Performance management
Security management
Inventory management.
GSI-NB
The Graphical System Interface for narrowband services. This is a Windows 95-based PC which uses TL1 commands for the management of AnyMedia Network Elements.
GUI
The Graphical User Interface of the AEM-NB.
H
Host
A machine where one or more modules are installed.
Hub or Multiport Repeaters
This have 8, 12, 16 or more ports. With their help multiple devices with 10BASE-T interface can be connected to a single LAN. They have at least one additional port for connecting an additional segment of a LAN.
I
Incremental Backup
This copies new files and files that have changed since a previous backup. The incremental backups are usually given a dump level which determines which files are backed up. A certain level incremental backup will save all the new or changed files since the last backup with a lower level.
Inhibit Switch
This refers to an Element Manager-initiated switch command that instructs the NE to inhibit a side switch irrespective of the conditions of the active unit (COMDAC and IO_DS1 circuit packs only).
Internationalization
This is the process of isolating the language- and customs-dependent code in a computer program from the language-independent code. The term internationalization is often abbreviated as i18n.
IP Addresses
These are distributed according to the worldwide or local configuration. The IP address is used in ISO layer 3. A
LAN contains tables for making an assignment between MAC address and IP address.
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L
Level 1 Applications
The minimum set of server applications that have to run together to provide the minimum functionality of the Any-
Media NB EM. These applications must exist before the Level 2 Application can be started. If this group is shut down the AEM-NB is shut down.
Level 2 Applications
Server applications that can be started up and shut down individually without affecting the functioning of other applications.
Line Test
Also called drop test. This checks for open circuits, short circuits, leakages to ground, foreign voltages, or other faults on the subscriber line that connects an AP port circuit to the CPE. The results are used to detect broken or bad quality wires even before the customer realizes a lack of quality.
LL/PLL Permanent Leased Lines
A service in which resources are used permanently for the transmission of data between two points. The switch is not responsible for setting up this service.
Locale
This is a geographic or political region that shares the same language and customs. In this document, a locale is also used to refer to the definition of the subset of a user's information technology environment that depends on language and cultural conventions.
Local Digital Switch (LDS)
This is a switching machine that terminates a TR-303 VRT. An example of an LDS is the Lucent 5ESS
switch.
Localization
This is the process of adapting a program for use in a specific locale.
LOG File
This is the file used for listing all actions that have occurred in a system. This information is generated and recorded concurrently and sequentially as transactions and events are processed in the system.
M
MAC Address
This is a 6-byte hardware address, which identifies a unique participant worldwide in an Ethernet LAN. A MAC address is used in OSI layer 2.
Manual (normal) Switch
This refers to an Element Manager-initiated switch command that instructs the NE to perform a switch only if the protection unit (COMDAC and IO_DS1 circuit packs only) is in service and not faulty.
Migration
This refers to converting an NE from one software release to another by installing a different software release.
Module
An executable installed on a Host.
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Glossary
N
NE
AnyMedia Access System Network Element.
Non-Volatile Data Storage (NVDS)
This refers to a capability of the AnyMedia Access System to store information in such a way as to survive indefinite periods of total power failure. The current values for all provisionable parameters are stored in the NVDS and hence are the parameter values that will be used on subsequent NE power-up.
Non-Volatile Program Storage (NVPS)
This keeps software program data. It resides in the COMDAC.
Normal Hour Load
The average load expected during the lifetime of the system.
O
Off-line Backups
These are backups performed automatically via any scheduling mechanisms, e.g. cron file.
On-line Backups
These are backups performed on user demand.
Operator
This refers to the AnyMedia Element Manager users.
Operator Mode
Testing initiated by staff from the EM using the NE-integrated capabilities. These tests can last some time, e.g., some measurements can be executed several times during a test session. The results in this mode usually are values (e.g. resistance, voltage, ...) and pass/fail decisions.
Overload
The load that causes the system to take drastic measures to ensure its integrity. During overload normal system function is disrupted and certain inputs (the ones causing the overload) are ignored. After clearing the overload situation, the system is left in asynchronous state for those inputs that generated the overload. Re-synchronization of this input retrieves synchronization.
OS
This is any operations system or Element Manager connected to the AnyMedia Access System Element Manager by some means of communication. For the AnyMedia Element Manager R1.0 the communication method is
TCP/IP.
P
Password (PID)
This is always associated with a login UID. PID is a case-sensitive string containing 6 to 10 alphabetic, numeric and symbolic characters, where at least two characters are non-alphabetic and one is symbolic.
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Glossary
PCM Highway
The COMDAC pack is connected to each AP by the PCM highway, which consists of two 4.096-Mbps serial links, a
4.096-MHz clock and an 8-kHz sync signal. The AnyMedia Access System uses two PCM highways between the
COMDAC, the IO_DS1s and each of the 16 AP slots.
Performance Management
For receiving, detecting, time stamping, analyzing, displaying and storing performance data.
Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)
The conversional 2-wire analog subscriber service.
Platform
The hardware on which any AnyMedia EM module, server or client, is running.
Platform Alarm
This is an alarm related to the AnyMedia Element Manager application or its hardware/software platform. It usually refers to an Element Manager function or hardware/software platform object.
Port
This is circuitry built on an AP to provide an interface for subscribers. Note that more than one port can be housed on an AP, e.g. the LPZ100 provides 32 Z-ports.
Port Test
Also called circuit test. Verifies the ability of an AP port to provide proper transmission and signaling. It is the testing of the port hardware. The functions of the port test rather depend on the hardware function of the circuit (e.g.
POTS, pulse metering, ISDN, ...). These tests are performed on each AP using part of their self-test capabilities.
R
Response Time
The real elapsed time between detectable start of an action and its completion.
Restore
The process of copying backup files from removable media to a working directory, replacing the original files which could have been damaged.
ROC (Remote Operations Channel)
The bearer channel that conveys management information for a remote system (AnyMedia NE). The ROC is intended to be used when the system is installed at locations where no local Ethernet LAN and no separate network
(e.g., X.25) exists.
Router
A network layer device that forwards packets from one network to another based on network layer information (OSI layer 3). Data packets are only transferred through the router if the participant is connected to another port of the router. With a router, data traffic can be kept from certain parts of a LAN. A router is more powerful than a bridge, it reduces the traffic on a LAN more than a bridge, because the IP address is evaluated for traffic control.
S
Security Management
This restricts access based upon the establishment of log-in procedures and an associated set of passwords.
Screen locks are used as well.
User access is based upon domain partitioning. Controls the access to the data and capabilities inherent within a fixed partition of the network, including unbundling.
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Glossary
Server
A network element that waits for requests from clients to perform specific tasks. This is the function performed by the AnyMedia Access System.
Server Application
This is a set of server processes that perform a certain function.
Server Host
This is the machine where the system server modules are installed.
Server Module
This is the module that provides a subset of the system services.
Service
This is a piece of functionality provided by a server module.
ServiceState (of an object or entity)
This represents the current availability status of an associated resource or service in the NE from the management point of view (e.g., memory administration, maintenance).
Session
This is the active communication link between a client (in the context of this document the client will be the AEM-
NB) and a server (in the context of this document the server will be the AnyMedia Access System for Narrow
Band).
Side Switching
This refers to the operation of deactivating the active core entity and activating the standby core entity (COMDAC and IO_DS1 circuit packs).
Software Download
The transport of the information required to upgrade/update a given NE’s generic program.
SPLL Semi Permanent Leased Lines
A service in which resources are used permanently for the transmission of data between two points. The switch is responsible for setting up this service.
System
AnyMedia-EM software. It provides a set of services allowing an operator to manage the AnyMedia NE.
System Failure
Any problem that prevents the EM system from continuing to work.
T
TAS (Terminal Access Server)
This adapts local area networks (LAN) to wide area networks (WAN). TASs have the ability to integrate remote network elements in a local network. TASs support different LAN protocols (e.g. Ethernet) and WAN protocols (e.g.
PPP).
TCA (Threshold Crossing Alert)
A crossing of a parameter threshold that is generally considered to be a transient condition.
TELNET
This ia a remote terminal interface protocol which allows remote login capability into a system on a network from any other node on that network that is also running TELNET. TELNET is a TCP/IP application.
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Test Access Path (TAP)
There are up to two TAPs, one consisting of two pairs (TAP-B) and the other of six pairs (TAP-A), both providing internal and external metallic test access to the circuits.
Test Session
This is the procedure including all necessary functions to test a subscriber. This includes the setup of the test path as well as the release of the test equipment. The test session runs in the NE.
Time
This represents a 24-hour clock function.
TL1 (Transaction Language 1)
This is a bellcore standard message language. It is the primary means of operating and maintaining the V5DLC system. A TL1 message session supports bi-directional message transmission and when a TL1 link is established, the system can initiate autonomous messages to monitor alarms and changes in system status.
U
Upgrade
Is a type of migration where the software release is changed from an earlier release to a later release.
Upload
The process of moving information from a client to a server at the request of a client according to client/server paradigm. Intended applications of this capability are software updates and restoring databases.
User
The operator who will use the EM to provision, maintain and monitor the AnyMedia Access System.
User Identifier (UID)
This is a unique user login identifier. This string is required and cannot be null. Grouping of UID string values for this command is not allowed. The valid UID value is a 3 to 10 case-sensitive alphanumeric character string.
V
V5.x interface
An ETSI defined interface between a local exchange and an access network element. A V5.1 interface consists of one single 2-Mbps (E1) link containing communication channels and bearer channels. A V5.2 interface consists of up to sixteen 2-Mbps (E1) links containing communication channels and bearer channels. The term V5.x interface is used for clarification that certain facts, a certain description or requirements are relevant for both V5.1 and
V5.2 interface.
Z
Z-port
A Z-port is circuitry built on a POTS AP to provide a Z interface for analog subscribers. Note that more than one Zport is housed on an AnyMedia POTS AP, e.g. the LPZ100 provides 32 Z-ports.
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Glossary
Z-port (for transmission only)
This is a Z-interface normally used for services other than telephony (e.g. data transmission). This type of Z-interface does not support DC feeding and does not support out-band signaling. This interface can support Analog
Leased Line (ALL) service.
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Index
A
Access protection
Actions
Alarm
~ log
~ monitoring
Autonomous Reports
C
CD-ROM
Comments on document
D
Documentation
Comment procedure
Packaging and format
F
Fault clearance
identification
source
I
Installation
ITM-SC software
L
Life cycles
Log network
alarm ~
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N I
Log type
Actions
Autonomous Reports
System Internal Events
M
Modifying network
network element
N
Network life cycle
modifying
normal operation
physical installation
Network element modifying
registration
Network planning
O
Ordering
Document
P
Performance
~ monitoring
Plug-in unit adding
removing
Provisioning network
R
Reaction to fault identification
Recovery
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S
Software
~ installation
System
~ security
System Internal Events
T
Trademarks
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Table of contents
- 7 About this Document
- 7 1 Overview
- 7 2 Intended Audience
- 7 3 How to use this Document
- 8 4 Conventions Used
- 9 5 Related Documentation
- 9 5.1 Print Copy (Hard Copy)
- 10 5.2 CD-ROM
- 10 6 How to Order This Document
- 11 7 How to Comment on This Document
- 15 1. Functional Description
- 15 1.1 About this Subject
- 16 1.2 Introduction
- 16 1.2.1 Main Functions
- 17 1.2.2 ISO Functional Areas
- 17 1.2.2.1 Configuration Management
- 17 1.2.2.2 Fault Management
- 18 1.2.2.3 Performance Management
- 18 1.2.2.4 Security Management
- 18 1.2.3 Applications
- 19 1.2.4 System Working Modes
- 21 1.3 System and Software Architecture
- 21 1.3.1 Functional Groups
- 22 1.3.1.1 NE Management
- 26 1.3.1.2 General Components
- 28 1.3.1.3 Software Platform
- 28 1.3.1.3.1 Software Bus
- 28 1.3.1.3.2 Repository
- 29 1.3.1.4 Graphical User Interface (GUI)
- 30 1.3.1.5 Northbound Interface
- 30 1.3.1.6 Southbound Interface
- 31 1.3.2 Hardware Platform
- 31 1.3.2.1 Architecture
- 32 1.3.2.2 Requirements
- 33 1.4 Working with AEM-NB
- 34 1.4.1 Network Planning and Physical Installation
- 35 1.4.2 Configuration Management
- 36 1.4.3 Network Operation & Surveillance
- 36 1.4.3.1 Fault Management
- 37 1.4.3.1.1 Fault Identification
- 38 1.4.3.1.2 Fault Localisation and Diagnosis
- 38 1.4.3.1.3 Fault Clearance
- 39 1.4.3.2 Network Modification
- 39 1.4.3.2.1 Installation and Removal of an NE
- 40 1.4.3.2.2 Modification of NEs
- 40 1.4.3.3 Performance Monitoring
- 41 1.4.4 System Security and User Groups
- 42 1.5 Network Configuration
- 42 1.5.1 AEM-NB Server without Clients and external OS (LAN)
- 43 1.5.2 AEM-NB Server with Clients and without external OS (LAN)
- 44 1.5.3 AEM-NB Server without Clients and with external OS (WAN)
- 45 1.5.4 AEM-NB Server with Clients and ex-ternal OS (WAN)
- 47 Abbreviations
- 59 Glossary
- 71 Index