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PCAN-Diag
Handheld Device for CAN Bus Diagnostics
User Manual
V1.1.0
PCAN-Diag – User Manual
Products taken into account
Product Name
PCAN-Diag
Model
High-speed CAN transceiver
On request:
Galvanic isolation for CAN interface
Low-speed CAN transceiver
Single-wire CAN transceiver
Item Number
IPEH-002069
CANopen® and CiA® are registered community trade marks of CAN in Automation e.V.
All other product names mentioned in this document may be the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. They are not explicitly marked by “™” and “®”.
© 2010 PEAK-System Technik GmbH
PEAK-System Technik GmbH
Otto-Roehm-Strasse 69
64293 Darmstadt
Germany
Phone: +49 (0)6151 8173-20
Fax: +49 (0)6151 8173-29 www.peak-system.com
Document version 1.1.0 (2010-10-19)
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
Contents
Observation Mode (Listen-only)
Voltage Ground at the CAN Socket
3 Managing Settings with Profiles
4 Receiving and Transmitting CAN Data
Creating Symbol Definitions on the PC
Loading Symbol Definitions onto the
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
5 Doing Measurements on the CAN Bus
Voltages on the D-Sub Connector
Using an External Measuring Signal
References for the Elements on the Back Side
CAN connector on page 7
Probe connector on page 29
Ground socket on page 8
Supply socket on page 9
4
Switch interlock for push dial on page 11
PCAN-Diag – User Manual
1
Introduction
PCAN-Diag is a dedicated device for analysis of various aspects of a
CAN bus in a mobile environment. Measurements of transmission rate, bus load, and termination resistance are possible while connected to a live bus. The device also serves as an oscilloscope which shows the differential CAN Signal with two channels and has various trigger options. A CAN frame can be decoded according to the recorded signal course. On a protocol level, messages can be displayed as a list, even in symbolic representation. In a similar way, transmit lists may be defined and submitted.
Any user input is done via a push dial.
PCAN-Diag is normally shipped with a High-speed CAN transceiver, different transceiver types may be chosen when ordering (factory equipped only).
1.1
Properties at a Glance
High-speed CAN ISO 11898-2, transceivers for other CAN transmission standards on request
CAN connection D-Sub 9-pin
OLED display with 320 x 240 pixels
Voltage supply with (rechargeable) batteries or with enclosed
AC adaptor (no charging function for inserted rechargeable batteries).
Transmission of CAN messages or message lists
Symbolic representation of received CAN messages using CAN definition files
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
Measurement of bus load
Measurement of termination at the High-speed CAN bus
(during operation)
Voltage measurement of CAN lines
Oscilloscope function for CAN signals with 2 channels and a sampling frequency of 20 MHz per channel
Various triggering possibilities (CAN ID, error frame, and more)
Decoding of CAN messages based on signal trace
1.2
Scope of Supply
PCAN-Diag
Plastic case for the device and accessories
4 batteries 1.5 V Mignon/AA
AC adaptor
CD with software and documentation
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
2
Operation
For operation of the PCAN-Diag go through the sections of this chapter in order.
2.1
CAN Connection (D-Sub)
Depending on the equipped CAN transceiver, PCAN-Diag's CAN socket (9-pin D-Sub) has different pin assignments.
Pin assignment for equipment with High-speed CAN transceiver (standard) or Low-speed CAN transceiver
Pin assignment for equipment with Single-wire CAN transceiver
(see additional notes below)
If the PCAN-Diag is equipped with a Single-wire CAN transceiver, an external supply voltage for the transceiver must be applied to
pin 1. This voltage lies within 7 to 19 Volts, usually supplied by a car battery.
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
The connection of voltage ground (GND) to pins 3 and 6 can be switched via
Device Settings
>
D-Sub GND connection
. See
also section 2.5.4 on page 15.
The connector's shield is internally connected to voltage ground
(GND).
For separate ground connection to other CAN nodes or measuring objects an additional 4-millimeter GND socket is provided on the back of the device. The internal GND connection is permanent.
GND socket (4 mm) on the back of the device
2.2
Power Supply
The PCAN-Diag can be supplied in two ways:
While operation, supply status is shown on the screen's upper
Note: Inserted rechargeable batteries are not charged during external supply.
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
2.2.1
Supply Socket
Supplying the PCAN-Diag via the designated socket can be done using the enclosed AC adaptor or a similar DC source.
Supply socket at the back of the device for the connection by a barrel connector
Supply voltage:
12 V DC (8 - 50 V possible)
Diameter of barrel connector: a = 5.5 mm, b = 2.1 mm; minimum length: 11 mm
2.2.2
Batteries
For mobile use, the PCAN-Diag can be supplied by (rechargeable) batteries:
Size: Mignon/AA
Quantity: 4
Single voltage: nominal 1.2 V or 1.5 V
The battery compartment is located on the device's bottom side.
The lid is fixed with two screws.
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
Positions of the screws for the lid of the battery compartment
(second screw is located beneath the rubber sleeve)
If an external supply is connected to the device, it will be used as primary source. Batteries can stay in the device.
Note: Inserted rechargeable batteries are not charged during external supply. For charging, please remove the empty rechargeable batteries and use a separate charger (not part of delivery).
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
2.3
Operation Using the Push Dial
Operating the PCAN-Diag is solely done by a push dial.
Dial:
Move selection; alter value
Push:
Power-up device; execute selected function; exit current function
2.3.1
Powering Up the PCAN-Diag
Hold down the push dial for at least half a second.
A splash screen appears for a short moment; then it's replaced by the main menu.
Turning off the device is done by selecting
Power Off
from the main menu.
Powering-up the device can be blocked by a small knob on the back, in order to prevent the batteries from accidental discharging, e.g. during transport.
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
Knob on the back of the device for switch interlock of the push dial
In order to activate the switch interlock, push the knob using a thin object. The device now cannot be powered-up with the push dial.
Unlocking is done likewise: push the small knob again.
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
2.4
Status Display
When operating the device, in the upper status bar, some symbols give information on the voltage supply status and about the CAN bus communication. Their meaning is as follows:
Symbol Meaning
The device is connected to an external voltage source (e.g. AC adaptor)
The device is supplied by the inserted (rechargeable) batteries. An estimation on the remaining capacity is given.
T R
CAN traffic: T = Transmit, R = Receive
Blinking: Outgoing/incoming CAN messages act pas off
L
Yellow, red: Erroneous traffic
Shows information on the CAN controller's bus status register
(active, passive, bus off). When entering bus-off state, due to high error rate, no further CAN messages are transmitted or received. In this case, after fixing the bus problem, a reset of the CAN controller should be performed, e.g. in the Receive view with
Rst
or the
Transmit view with
Reset
.
The device operates in observation mode (listen-only). See section
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
2.5
Device Settings
In the main menu select
Device Settings
. The corresponding menu offers settings for the device which are explained in the following.
After changing any settings, make them permanent by pressing
Save&OK
. If you want to use the changed settings only temporarily
(during the current session), press
OK
. A subsequent session (after an off-on cycle) uses the initial settings again.
Tip: Using
Profiles
from the main menu, you can save different sets of device settings (profiles) and recall them later
on demand. See also chapter 3 on page 17.
2.5.1
CAN Bitrate
When connecting PCAN-Diag to an “unknown” CAN bus, transmission speed may be detected automatically using menu item
Detect CAN bitrate
. This feature assumes some CAN traffic on that bus.
The manual selection is done with
CAN bitrate
. Here you can select from a list of predefined bit rates.
To adapt to specific conditions, experts may directly access the CAN controller's bus timing registers BTR0 and BTR1. To do so, set the item
CAN bitrate
to
User
and under
User CAN bitrate (hex) enter a 2-byte value (4 hex digits) being written to the registers.
Note: CAN decoding as part of the scope function doesn't work with user defined CAN bitrates.
Get further information about setting the CAN bitrate by Bus Timing
Register on request (
contact data : see on page 2).
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
2.5.2
CAN Termination
A High-speed CAN bus needs to be electrically terminated on both ends using resistors of 120 Ω. If the PCAN-Diag is connected to an un-terminated end of a CAN bus, you can activate an internal resistor by menu item
CAN termination
.
Note: This menu item is only available if the device is equipped with a High-speed CAN transceiver.
Off
: Termination is already correctly applied to the High-speed
CAN bus and the device is connected to a tap within the CAN bus.
On
: The device is connected to a CAN bus whose termination isn't complete yet.
Tip: If you want to check that a connected High-speed CAN bus is terminated correctly, you can use the function
Measurements
>
CAN Termination
(see also section 5.2 on page 26).
2.5.3
Observation Mode (Listen-only)
If the device shall silently watch traffic on the CAN bus without influencing it, you can activate the
Listen-only mode
(set to
On
).
Doing so, the device will neither acknowledge nor transmit CAN
(error) frames.
2.5.4
Voltage Ground at the CAN Socket
Connecting the device's voltage ground to the monitored CAN bus may not be useful in some cases. On the scope function differing ground levels may cause improper readings, for example.
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
Therefore, you can disconnect the device's voltage ground from D-
Sub connector by software. To do so, set the menu entry
D-Sub
GND connection
to
Off
. This setting is relevant for pins 3 and 6 of
device's voltage ground.
2.5.5
Preserving Battery Sources
If you run the PCAN-Diag with (rechargeable) batteries, battery sources can be preserved by switching off the device automatically after a set period of inactivity. You may determine the period with
Shutdown time (battery)
. Setting to
Never
causes the device to be alive all the time.
If operating the device with an external supply, for example with the enclosed AC adaptor, this setting doesn't have any effect.
2.5.6
Screensaver
The brightness of the display will be reduced whenever the device is not operated for a certain period. You can set this period with
Screensaver timeout
.
2.5.7
Acoustic Feedback
The PCAN-Diag can give acoustic feedback to several events. This function is enabled or disabled with
Beeper
.
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
3
Managing Settings with
Profiles
In order to quickly adapt the PCAN-Diag to another operational environment, settings can be reloaded from a profile that has been saved before. The PCAN-Diag offers five storage locations.
The following settings are included in the profiles: device settings measurement settings for the D-Sub connection scope settings
The management is done via the item
Profiles
in the main menu.
Profiles are stored in the device's internal memory.
Note: Symbol definitions for CAN data are managed indepen-
dently of the settings profiles. See also section 4.2
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
4
Receiving and Transmitting
CAN Data
The PCAN-Diag displays all CAN messages on a connected CAN bus and transmits user defined CAN messages as well. Representation of message content is either in hexadecimal format or symbolic.
Symbol definitions are transferred via the connected CAN bus.
4.1
Plain View of CAN Messages
You can access the plain view of incoming CAN messages via
CAN
Data
>
Receive Messages
. Representation of CAN data is in hexadecimal format.
Incoming CAN messages are displayed as a list, sorted by CAN ID.
You can manipulate sorting by clicking on CAN messages. Those get priority then, meaning that they are shifted to the top of the list.
Messages with priority are displayed in orange color. Clicking on orange CAN messages takes back priority, meaning that they are sorted by CAN ID again.
Further functions:
Function
Rst
Explanation
Clears the list of incoming CAN messages and resets the CAN controller. This might be useful in case of CAN errors.
Tx1
…
Tx7
Activates the selected transmit list. The bottom status bar gives information to the selected transmit list. Transmit lists are managed in
CAN Data
>
Manage Transmit Lists
.
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
4.2
Symbolic View of CAN Data
For displaying data of incoming CAN messages in symbolic representation, a symbol file must be created on PC and uploaded via CAN to the PCAN-Diag then.
Preconditions for applying symbol definitions to the PCAN-Diag are:
Computer with CAN interface of the PCAN series (e.g. PCAN-
USB)
CAN cabling with correct termination
Windows 7/Vista/XP (32/64-bit)
PPCAN-Editor for Windows (setup file is provided on the enclosed CD) incl. hardware profile for PCAN-Diag
4.2.1
Creating Symbol Definitions on the PC
Symbol definitions are created with the PPCAN-Editor as a so-called configuration. Necessary steps for doing so are explained by an example with following properties:
Property
CAN ID (hex)
Symbol name
Data length (DLC)
Data (variables)
Value
300
DemoMessage
2 bytes
Meter (8 bits)
Switch1 (1 bit)
Switch2 (1 bit)
Do the following to create a configuration with symbol definitions in the PPCAN-Editor:
1. Select the menu entry File > New (alternative: ).
The window CAN Objects appears with the General tab.
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
2. On the General tab select the entry Bus_0 and then the menu item CAN Objects > Add a new Symbol (alternative:
).
The new entry Symbol1 appears in the tree structure.
3. Modify the entry by clicking each single field and enter the example's values. Make sure to enable the entry (Enable is checked).
4. Select the menu item CAN Objects > Add a new Variable
(alternative: ).
5. Adjust the entry Var1 (variable Meter).
6. Repeat the last two steps for the other variables.
7. Select the menu item Edit > New Configuration (alternative:
), and then, from the opened list the item $1A: PCAN-
Diag. Confirm your selection with OK.
The CAN Objects window gets the additional tabConfig0 I/O.
8. Click the tab Config I/O and enter a name for it (e.g. Diag
Example).
9. From the General tab select the entry Bus_0, then select the menu item CAN Objects > Add Bus to Configuration, and subsequently from the displayed list select the entry Diag
Example I/O. Confirm your selection with OK.
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
10. On the tab Diag Example I/O enable the symbol
DemoMessage and each variable by checking the boxes in the column Enable.
Note: The properties for symbol and variable entries are available, if an entry of the corresponding category is selected.
11. Optionally: Use File > Save (alternative: ) to retain the configuration for later use on a data carrier.
4.2.2
Loading Symbol Definitions onto the PCAN-
Diag
Symbol definitions are loaded onto the PCAN-Diag via CAN bus. To do so, on the PC side the PPCAN-Editor is used, the same tool as used to define a configuration with symbol definitions before.
Do the following to load the symbol definitions onto the PCAN-
Diag:
1. On the PCAN-Diag select
CAN Data
>
Manage Symbol Files
.
Three list entries are displayed to be loaded with symbol definitions.
2. For one of those three list entries click on
Load
which initiates transmission via CAN.
The PCAN-Diag now awaits configuration data from the PC.
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
3. In PPCAN Editor, ensure to be connected to the appropriate
CAN bus (see bottom status bar, left corner; the figure shows an example).
4. On the toolbar select the configuration Diag Example from the dropdown list.
5. Select the menu item Transmit > Send Configuration
(alternative: ).
The transfer starts and takes a few seconds. The PCAN-
Diag's display shows “Receiving configuration”.
6. When the transfer is finished, confirm with
OK
on the PCAN-
Diag.
The previously selected list entry now contains the symbol definition Diag Example.
7. Activate that list entry by checking the blue box, thus applying the symbol definition to the reception list.
4.2.3
Opening the Symbolic View
For displaying CAN data in a symbolic representation, differing from the plain view a separate one is used, that you can open with
CAN Data
>
Receive Msgs. as Symbols
. As a precondition, symbol definitions must be loaded and activated, as explained above.
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
4.3
Transmitting CAN Messages
PCAN-Diag allows creating up to 15 transmit lists with one or more
CAN messages. Transmit lists may be processed either cyclically or once on request. CAN messages within the same list may have an individual time offset to each other.
4.3.1
Creating Transmit Lists
Do the following to create one or more transmit lists:
1. Select
CAN Data
>
Manage Transmit Lists
.
You'll see an overview of the available transmit lists.
2. Activate an entry below
Transmit list
by checking the corresponding box.
A checked entry is marked with a cross
[X]
. This means, that this list is available for transmission and its properties can be modified.
3. Click on the list entry's name in order to edit the properties.
If the entry hasn't been used yet, the name is unused
.
An edit view is shown.
4. Modify the list's name by clicking on it.
5. By default, the list already contains one entry. With the mnemonics
E I D
on the right you can do following actions:
Mnemonic Action
E
Edit
I
D
Insert
Delete
Explanation
Shows a CAN message's properties to be modified.
Adds a new CAN message to the list at the given position. Content is taken from the current CAN message.
Removes this CAN message from the transmit list.
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
While editing a CAN message, in addition to the common properties the entry
Offset
is available. It determines the delay in milliseconds after which the CAN message is transmitted. The offset refers to the previously transmitted
CAN message, thus this is a relative designation.
6. Note the given value for
Min. required cycle time below the transmit list. This is the lowest cycle time to be used for the transmit list.
You'll set the cycle time for a transmit list later in the overview of all transmit lists.
7. Confirm your modifications to the transmit list with
OK
.
8. Set the
Cycle time
for each transmit list in the corresponding column. The value 0 ms means that the transmit list is only initiated manually.
Note: A cycle time less than the required minimum will cause transmission of an incomplete list. The rearmost messages are never transmitted.
9. After creating and enabling transmit lists, scroll down and confirm your work with
OK
.
4.3.2
Using Transmit Lists
Do the following to transmit the CAN messages contained in a transmit list:
1. Select
CAN Data
>
Transmit Messages
.
This shows all available transmit lists.
2. Activate a transmit list by clicking on it.
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
A list with a defined cycle time will be displayed in orange color. It is processed until deactivated by another click on it or by power cycling the PCAN-Diag.
A transmit list without cycle time is only processed once. It is always displayed in orange color.
Tip: You can also activate transmit lists from the plain reception view (
CAN Data
>
Receive Messages
), where the first seven transmit lists (
Tx1
to
Tx7
) are available.
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
5
Doing Measurements on the
CAN Bus
5.1
Bus Load
Accessible via:
Measurements
>
Bus Load
The percentage utilization of the CAN bus with CAN messages is shown in a graph over a period of time and is continuously updated.
The graph is put together out of sampling intervals whose duration results from the set CAN bitrate and the given number of
Samples
.
Per sample value an average and a maximum value of the bus load are calculated and shown as bars.
You can counter a high bus load by raising the bitrate of all involved CAN nodes, or increasing the cycle time of ascertained CAN messages in the
CAN net in order to reduce emergence (less CAN messages per time).
5.2
CAN Bus Termination
Accessible via:
Measurements
>
CAN Termination
Note: This function is only available, if the PCAN-Diag is equipped with a High-speed CAN transceiver.
A High-speed CAN bus (ISO 11898-2) must be terminated with
120 Ω on both ends between the CAN lines CAN_L and CAN_H. This
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual measure will prevent signal reflections at the cable ends and a correct function of CAN transceivers attached to the CAN bus is assured.
The two termination resistors in parallel result in a total resistance of 60 Ω. The measurement of the total resistance provides information about a correct CAN bus termination.
Measurement Interpretation
~ 60 Ω The termination at the CAN bus is ok in terms of measurement.
Make sure that the termination resistors are positioned at each end of the bus and not, for example, at taps in the middle of the bus.
~ 120 Ω
< 45 Ω
Only one termination resistor is present.
Install a further 120-Ohms resistor at the opposite bus end.
Too many termination resistors are present at the CAN bus.
A reason may be that on one bus end both a separate termination resistor as well as a CAN node with internal termination are installed.
5.3
Voltages on the D-Sub Connector
Accessible via:
Measurements
>
D-Sub Connector
The voltages for each pin of the D-Sub connector can be viewed for a rough assessment.
Note: Because of a delay at voltage measurement due to technical reasons, transient voltage fluctuations cannot be detected.
You can configure the display for each pin (
Settings
):
Pin
Name
Voltage display on/off (
Enable
)
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
Range for valid voltages per pin (
Min
/
Max
). This range is only for display and doesn't have a functional background (beside alarm).
Generation of an
Alarm
, if the measured voltage leaves the given range (not at voltage spikes). The device setting for alarms
(Beeper) must be activated.
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
6
Scope Function
The PCAN-Diag can show the waveform of the CAN lines CAN_L and CAN_H, or of the CAN line CAN_SW. Handling the scope function is similar to a standard storage scope.
Additional auxiliary functions are available in order to facilitate the interpretation of a signal:
Triggering to CAN frames
Measuring of a period with cursors
Decoding of the waveform
You can access the scope function via the main menu entry
Scope
.
6.1
Using an External Measuring Signal
The second channel of the scope function can sample an external signal for measuring and trigger purposes instead of the CAN_L signal. This is routed from the BNC connector on the back of the device.
For an external measuring signal a probe is needed, which is not included. Suitable is a standard probe without additional electronics, which is operated with setting x1.
The voltage of an external measuring signal may have a maximum
of ±50 V.
In order to establish a separate voltage ground connection between the PCAN-Diag and the measuring object, a ground socket (4 mm) is provided.
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
Ground socket and BNC connector for probe on the back of the device
To link the second scope channel to the external measuring signal do the following setting:
Scope
>
Settings
>
Ch2 source
Setting
Probe (low)
Probe (high)
Measuring range
-3 - +15 V
-10 - +50 V
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
7
Technical Specifications
Power supply
Supply voltage
Power consumption
Single-wire CAN transceiver
(optional)
Externally via supply socket:
12 V DC nominal, 8 - 50 V possible
Internally with 4 (rechargeable) batteries (size
Mignon/AA):
4 x 1.5 V or 4 x 1.2 V DC
Note: The device doesn't charge inserted rechargeable batteries.
External supply:
8 V (min.):
12 V (nom.):
32 V:
50 V (max.):
300 mA
200 mA
83 mA
50 mA
Operation with batteries:
5 V: 300 mA
7 - 19 V DC via D-Sub connector pin 1 (optionally pin 9)
CAN
Standard transceiver
Other transceivers
(on request)
Termination
High-speed CAN ISO 11898-2 (PCA82C251)
Low-speed CAN ISO 11898-3 (TJA1054)
Single-wire CAN SAE J2411 (TH8056/AU5790)
High-speed CAN (ISO 11898-2):
120 Ω switchable via software
Low-speed CAN (ISO 11898-3): none
Single-wire CAN (SAE J2411): none
On request (only with High-speed CAN transceiver) Galvanic isolation
Display
Type OLED
Resolution 320 x 240 pixels
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
Measures
Size
Weight
Environment
Operating temperature
Temperature for storage and transport
Relative humidity
Ingress protection
(IEC 60529)
103 x 58 x 212 (225 with BNC connector) mm
(W x H x L)
See also dimension drawing Appendix B on page 34
400 g (14.1 oz.) (without batteries)
-20 - +60 °C (-4 - +140 °F)
-40 - +80 °C (-40 - +176 °F)
15% - 90%, not condensing
EC directive 2004/108/EG
EN 55011
IP20
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
Appendix A
CE Certificate
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PCAN-Diag – User Manual
Appendix B
Dimension Drawing
The figure doesn't show the original size; dimensions for case without rubber sleeve
34
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