advertisement
Sunny Island 5048U
Product Training
Agenda n n n n n n n n
What is Sunny Island ?
Configuration options
Hardware and Wiring
Battery & BMS
Generators & GMS
System Management
MMC/SD card
Communication
2
What is Sunny Island 5048U
What is Sunny Island 5048 ?
n
A modular, bi-directional, battery based inverter designed for off-grid and backup power applications n
A utility-interactive grid-tied inverter for use with 48 Vdc sources n
A hybrid system controller for systems with multiple energy sources o o
Battery charge control
Generator management o System management n
A data logger and communications device o o
Optimize system performance
Troubleshooting o Remotely monitor, program and control system
4
Overview - Off-Grid Power System n n n n
Typically in remote areas
Stand-alone power supply
Multiple energy sources are typically present
Flexible system architecture adapts to local supplies and conditions
5
Overview - Backup Power System n n n n
Grid-feeding when grid is operating normally
Power supply during short or long term grid failures
Transparent “near UPS” switching times (16 ms)
Charge and maintain battery when grid returns
6
Sunny Island – Basic Tasks n n
Grid monitoring
Grid forming o
Supply and control of frequency o
Supply and control of voltage n
Supply of power o
Supply of active power o
Supply of reactive power n
Transfer and conversion of energy o
Conversion from AC into DC for battery charging o
Conversion from DC into AC for supply of energy n
Control of external loads and energy sources o
Load control o
Generator start /stop
7
Sunny Island Family
8
Sunny Island Development History
Sunny Island
4248/4248U
Sunny Island
4500
Sunny Islands
5048 / 5048U
2001
CHP applications,
Special applications
ROW Only
2004
Small systems, Single device applications
US and ROW Versions
2007
Multicluster systems,
High Power, variety of functions
US and ROW Versions
9
Sunny Island Products – Overview
SI4248U Properties
Parallel operation
3-phase operation
Grid and generator support
DC-coupling possible
Extended battery, load and generator management
Quick Configuration
Guide
Data logging and
Programming with
MMC/SD Card
SI4500
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
SI5048U
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
10
SI 5048U – Technical Data
Nominal AC power (25°C)
Nominal AC voltage
Nominal frequency
Maximum AC Output current
Nominal DC voltage
Maximum efficiency
5.0 kW
Continuous
120 V
60 Hz
120 Amps
48 V
>95%
6.5 kW
30min
/ 8.4 kW
1min
Integrated Isolation Relay
Losses Idle/Standby
Maximum System Size
Other Features
56 Amps
Continuous
112 Amps (26.9 kW) with stacked Sunny Islands
25W/4W
1~/2~/3~ 20 kW/20 kW/ 15 kW
SD/MMC Card, Single Point of Operation
AC Coupling/DC Coupling/Both
11
Efficiency optimized for off grid systems n
High efficiency in both invert and charge modes o o o
Max. Efficiency > 95 %
Optimized for low load operation (
η
> 90 % from P= 5 - 100%)
Power dependant “sleep mode” for parallel slave units
1,00
0,90
0,80
0,70
0,60
0,50
0,40
0,30
0,20
0,10
0,00
0 1000 2000 3000
AC-Power [W]
4000 5000
ETA
12
Sunny Island 5048U
Hardware and Connections
Front Panel - Easy To Use n
Single Point of Operation o
Master unit is the only user interface
- Settings, observe values, initiate switching & timers o
Master unit monitors and controls Slave units
- Software updates at Master, Master updates the Slaves n
Integrated MMC Card o
Logging of all data and parameters
(last 100 Days) o
Logging of all event, warning, and failure messages (last100 Days) o
Software-Update via MMC Card o
Logging of all settings and parameters on MMC Card
14
Sunny Island Enclosure n n
Corrosion resistant painted die cast aluminum
Incorporates SMA‘s patented Opticool system o
No air blowing on sensitive electronics o
Large ambient temperature range (-25 to +50°C) o
Maintains output power at high temperatures (4 kW at 45°C)
Warm exhaust air
Cold air intake
15
Sunny Island 5048 – Interior View
Inverter bridge board
DC Breaker
DC Connections
AC Connections
Display and
Keypad
SD/MMC Card
Control board
Communication area
Programmable
Relays
16
Sunny Island 5048 – Knockouts
(2) ¾” knock outs for
AC connections
(1) 1.5” knock out for DC
(2) ¾” knockouts for communications
17
1 ½ ” knock out for DC Conductors
PE
+
-
Two 1/0 positive
Equipment Ground #4 AWG
Two 1/0 Negative
18
Sunny Island 5048 – Wiring
* DC Equip. Ground– 1/0
DC Pos./Neg. – Dual 1/0
Communication
Cables
RJ-45 “Ethernet”
AC1 L/N
AWG 6/4
AC2 L/N
AWG 6/4
AC Equip. Ground
AWG 6/4
CAN Buss for
Inverter control
Control Relays
AWG 24 typical
* Suggestion: Ground DC negative at battery terminal
19
Connections to Sunny Island 5048
20
Sunny Island 5048U
AC and DC Coupling
What is “Coupling“?
Supply bus n
Supply line from the source to the load forms a “bus“
Charge controller
DC bus n
DC coupling: Connection of sources and loads via a DC bus
22
AC Coupling
AC bus n
AC coupling: Connection of sources and loads via an AC bus
23
Advantages of AC Coupling: Planning n
Simple design o
Manageable o
Modular n
Special knowledge is not required o
Standard energy sources o
Standard installation technologies can be used n
Little efforts o
Low planning costs o
Little planning time
24
Advantages of AC Coupling: Flexibility
AC bus
Up to miles n n n
Large selection of loads, energy sources, and system components
Great distances between components are possible
Simple expansion even after some years
25
Advantages of AC Coupling: Components n
Independent selection of components o
Free choice due to grid compatibility o
Free choice due to variety of AC sources o
Free choice due to variety of AC loads n
Low costs of components due to o strong market competition o availability almost worldwide
26
Advantages of AC Coupling: Expandable n
Adding Sunny Islands o without changing other components o without reconfiguring the wiring o independent of distances n
Extension of phase number o from 1-phase to 3-phase o from 1-phase to split phase n
Increase of source power without additional costs n
Addition of loads without additional costs
27
Efficiency with AC coupling (92% Inverter)
NiCd-Battery:
η
= 55 .. 60 .. 65 %
LiIon-Battery:
η
= 90 .. 92 .. 95 %
Lead acid battery:
η
= 80 .. 85 .. 90 %
Assumption: 40 % of energy is consumed directly!
PV Usage:
η
= 95 % direct consumption:
η
= 92 .. 95 .. 98 %
Sunny Island Sunny Boy
120/240V/60Hz
Discharging:
η
= 92 %
Charging:
η
= 90 .. 92 .. 95 %
Direct Consumption = E x 40 % x 95 % = 38 % E
Via Battery = E x 60 % x 95 % x 92 % x 85 % x 92 % = 41 % E
}
∑ 79 %
28
Efficiency of MPP DC coupling (92% inverter)
Lead acid battery:
η
= 80 .. 85 .. 90 %
Assumption: 40 % of energy is consumed directly!
MPP Charge controller
Sunny Island
120/240V/60Hz
Direct consumption = E x 40 % x 97 % x 92 % = 36 % E
Over Battery = E x 60 % x 97 % x 85 % x 92 % = 45 % E
}
∑ 81 %
29
Efficiency with MPP DC coupling (92% inverter)
9 5 %
9 0 %
8 5 %
8 0 %
7 5 %
7 0 %
6 5 %
6 0 %
5 5 %
5 0 %
1 0 % 2 0 % 3 0 % 4 0 % 5 0 % 6 0 % 7 0 % 8 0 % 9 0 %
D ir e ct co nsum p t io n
AC co up ling SI5 0 4 8
DC co up ling SI5 0 4 8
30
Efficiency with MPP DC coupling (90% Inverter)
Lead acid battery:
η
= 80 .. 85 .. 90 %
Assumption: 40 % of energy is consumed directly!
MPP Charge Controller
Inverter
230V/50Hz
Direct consumption = E x 40 % x 97 % x 90 % = 35 % E
Over battery = E x 60 % x 97 % x 85 % x 90 % = 44 % E
}
∑ 79 %
31
Efficiency with MPP DC coupling (90% inverter)
9 5 %
9 0 %
8 5 %
8 0 %
7 5 %
7 0 %
6 5 %
6 0 %
5 5 %
5 0 %
1 0 % 2 0 % 3 0 % 4 0 % 5 0 % 6 0 % 7 0 % 8 0 % 9 0 %
D ir e ct co nsum p t io n
A C co up ling
DC co up ling
32
Efficiency with PWM DC coupling
Lead acid battery:
η
= 80 .. 85 .. 90 %
Approach: 40 % are consumed directly!
PWM Charger
Inverter
“ MPP Factor:”
120/240V/50Hz
Direct consumption = E x 40 % x 99 % x 80% x 90 % = 29 % E x 99 % x 80% x 85 % x 90 % = 36 % E
}
∑ 65 %
Over battery = E x 60 %
33
Efficiency with PWM DC coupling
9 5 %
9 0 %
8 5 %
8 0 %
7 5 %
7 0 %
6 5 %
6 0 %
5 5 %
5 0 %
1 0 % 2 0 % 3 0 % 4 0 % 5 0 % 6 0 %
D ir e ct co nsum p t o n
7 0 % 8 0 % 9 0 %
A C co up ling
DC co up ling
34
Overview of AC / DC Coupling
Requirement
Installation
Distances
Extensibility
Costs
Loads to be supplied
Power
Black Start Capability
AC Coupling
++ standard
+ in the miles range
specific
DC Coupling
- in the feet range
++ extendable
0 very limited
++ standard products, modular
- expensive loads/wiring
++ all
++ up to MW
-
Dc only
- lower kW range
limited – requires load shed relay function
++ occurs automatically
35
Sunny Island 5048U
System Configuration Options
Single Phase Configuration (120V )
Stand-alone plus optional 120/240V autoformer
One Master and one to 4 slaves
37
Dual Split Phase (Single Phase 240)
38
Three Phase
39
Definition – Cluster / Mulit-cluster (SI Collective) n
Cluster = Several Sunny Islands, One Battery, Common Load n
* Multi-cluster = Several Clusters in parallel operation (SI Collective)
* Multi-Cluster configuration NOT available in US Today
40
Planned village power supply (78kW)
41
System Design - Conclusions n
Highest Flexibility
o
AC and/or DC coupled systems are possible o
Single phase, split phase, and three phase configurations o
Interactive operation with generator and/or public grid o
For Off-Grid Systems up to 20 kW per cluster in (Single- or Split phase), 15 kW per cluster in 3 Phase o
Larger systems possible in future with multi-cluster box (MCB)
=
=
...
MCB
Multi-Cluster-
Box
42
Configuring Sunny Island 5048U
Easy Configuration
Quick Start Guide – Several Options n
"Start System" (if you have accidentally accessed the QCG and only would like to restart the system) n
"New System" (if you would like to start a new system or perform changes to the system configuration) – n
"New Battery" (if you would like to change the main battery settings, but retain the system configuration) – n
"Emerg Charge" (if you would like to charge a deeply discharged battery using an external source
44
New System n
Quick Configuration Guide o
Only 6 steps for initial startup of the system
1.
System Configuration ( See Overview Table )
2.
Device Configuration ( Master or Slave# ) a. Slave configuration stops here.
3.
Date and Time
4.
Battery (type and capacity)
5.
Nominal voltage (see below)
6.
Maximum generator current and generator interface
n
Change of system voltage (DC) in case of failed battery cells o
48V, 46V, 44V, 42V adjustable o
Over all, 3 cells can quit working
45
5048U System Management
Sunny Island – System Management n
System Management o
Control of other Sunny Islands o o o
Connection to additional sources
Regulation and control of energy sources
Programmable relay controls n n
Battery Management o o
Efficient battery charge and discharge
Sophisticated charge control algorithms prolong service life o b
Load Management o o
Connection and disconnection of loads
– Based on battery SOC, time of day, load level, etc.
Overload capability for motor starting
47
System Management Functions n
Power Control of other AC-Energy Sources o
(Sunny Boy, Windy Boy, Generator) n
Automatic start and stop of generators o
SOC dependent o
Load dependent o
Time dependant n
Load shedding o
SOC dependent o
Load dependent n
Load dependent control of other Sunny Islands o
(Sleep-Mode)
48
Power management - Droop Mode n n n
Parallel operation of multiple battery inverters with diesel generators and/or public grid
Based on P/f - and Q/V-Statics of energy sources (analogous to conventional public power supplies)
Statistics are implemented within Sunny Island
®
battery inverters
f
f
0
Frequency
Droop
0
∆ f
-2%
P no m
P
V
AC
V
0
∆
V
-6%
Voltage
Droop
0
Q no m
Q
49
Power control of Sunny Boys n
Frequency Shift Power Control
Pac (%)
Fac-delta- (4,5Hz)
Fac-Start delta (1Hz)
100
Fac-Limit delta (2Hz)
50
Fac-delta+ (4,5Hz)
-4 -3 -2 -1 f0 +1 +2 +3 +4
Fac (Hz) o
No additional communication necessary o
A rising grid frequency lowers the energy output of the Sunny
Boys
50
Examples for usage of Droop-Mode
3 Sunny
Islands
SI5048
3 Sunny
Islands
SI5048
51
Relay control n
Relay control by Sunny Island 5048 o
2 integrated relays in each inverter o
Functions are selectable for each relay o
More than 15 different functions available today
– Other functions can be added as needed by market o
More Sunny islands equals more functions (4x Sunny Island within a Cluster = 8 Relays) o
Relays have common, NO & NC connections
52
Relay control functions SI5048U n
SOC dependent (in %) o
At what SOC does the relay close o
At what SOC the relay open o
What is time of day ?
– 2 independent time periods with programmable SOC limits n
Power dependent (in kW and minutes) o
At what power does the relay close o
How long has the power been above the limit before activated o
At what power does the relay open o
How long has the power been below the limit before deactivated
53
Other Relay Control Functions n
Time dependent (Timer based) o
2 independent timers o o o
Cyclic usage (every day at 10:00 / every Friday)
Usage of date and time (on 12.04.2009)
Usage of a running time (01:20:45) n
Other functions o o
Close/open while in absorption phase
Close/open when a warning or failure occurs o o o o o
Close/open while Sunny Island is in operation
Close/open while the generator is in operation
Close/open while the grid is present
Control of battery room fan
Control of battery bubbler (electrolyte circulation pump)
54
System management – System security n
Silent Mode o
Operation grid tied as backup system o
Battery is fully charged o
Loads are completely supplied by grid n
Benefits:
Ø
Stops switching operation
Ø
Ø
Lowers SI internal power consumption (25 Watts >> 4 Watts)
Still transfers loads seamlessly in case of a grid failure
Ø
Ø
Reduces energy needed to keep batteries charged
Switches to float charge periodically to keep battery at high
SOC
Ø
Protects batteries against over charging
55
System management – System security n
Short circuit detection o
Short circuit in Off-Grid system or in an external source o
Current limit is five times the nominal current o
Disconnection of external sources within 20ms o
Carrying of a short circuit current (120 Amps AC) for
100ms o
Allows tripping of over current devices
56
Overview of Safety Features
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
DC reverse polarity protection, short circuit safe
Integrated DC breaker
AC current limitation for generator / grid
Over and under voltage detection AC/DC
Over and under AC frequency
Temperature compensated battery charging
High battery temperature shut down
Reactive power compensation of the generator
Generator Relay failure detection
Generator: Reverse Power Detection
Over temperature protection
57
Battery Management System n
Battery types o
FLA: Flooded Lead Acid o
VRLA: Valve Regulated Lead Acid o
NiCd: Nickel Cadmium/Nickel Iron n
Battery capacities o
Capacity range: 100 – 10,000 Ah o
Adjustable battery voltages:
48V, 46V, 44V, 42V n
Accurate evaluation of State-of-Charge o
Adaptive algorithm learns over time o
Based on Voltage, Current, and cycle history
58
BMS Description “State-of-Charge“ n
The “State of Charge“ (SOC) describes the amount of energy contained in the battery as a percentage of it’s capacity n
If there was a battery with a capacity of 100 Ah and there is 70 Ah of energy remaining in this battery, the SOC is 70%.
n
In Sunny Island systems the SOC represents a central value, which is decisive for almost every switching operation within a system.
59
Generator start and load shedding by SOC
SOC
100%
4 different battery states n
Normal (Normal) n
Battery “Low“ (Warning) n
Battery discharged (Low) n
Battery deeply discharged (Critical)
70%
50%
40%
Note: No real SOC is being calculated. The SOC is being approximated out of the current-voltage curve.
60
Adjustable battery SOC limits –1 n
SocLim1 – State-of-Charge Limit
1 o
Value in %, e.g. 70% n
Normal >> Warning o
Generator start requested
SOC
100%
70%
50%
40%
61
Adjustable battery SOC Limits - 2 n
SocLim2 – State-of-Charge Limit
2 o
Value in %, e.g. 50% n
Warning >> Low o
Load shedding active
SOC
100%
70%
50%
40%
Generator Failure !
62
Adjustable battery SOC Limits - 3 n
SocLim3 – State-of-Charge Limit
3 o
Value in %, e.g. 40% n
Low >> Critical o
Sunny Island switches to standby
SOC
100%
70%
50%
40%
Generator Failure !
63
Time dependant SOC generator control n n
Two time periods with independent SOC levels can be defined o Lower generator start SOC can be specified to prevent generator operation during night time hours, i.e. “quiet time” o
Still allows generator start request if battery becomes critically low during “quiet time”
Additional time dependant generator run time or load activation can also be scheduled using other programmable relay options on a daily or weekly schedule
SOC %
GenSOCTm1Stp
75%
GenPwrStr
GenPwrStp
GenSOCTm2Stp
50%
GenSOCTm1Str
GenSOCTm2Stp
25%
Time 2
Time 1
0h 6h 12h 18h
G en
Tm
1S tr
Time of Day
G en
Tm
2S tr
Time 2
24h
64
Load dependent generator control n n n
When load power exceeds the programmable Generator Power Start
(GenPwrStr) level the generator will be requested
The generator continues to run as long as load power stay above the programmable Generator Power Stop (GenPwrStp) level, or for the minimum generator running time, whichever is greater.
Both Start and Stop commands require the power to be outside the limits for a programmable time period (GenPwrAvgTm) to avoid starting or stopping due to transient conditions
Pac
GenPwrStr
GenPwrStp
GenPwrStr
GenPwrStp
G en
P w rA vg
Tm
G en
P w rA vg
Tm time
65
Batteries in Sunny Island Systems
Sunny Island Workshop
General Questions on Batteries n
What is application ?
o
Off grid or grid backup n
What is the electrical load on the system ?
o
Are some loads non-critical n
How large is the PV array ?
n
Are other energy sources present ?
o
Generator o
Wind Turbine o
Hydro turbine n
Sizing off grid systems
67
Objectives of the Battery Management System (BMS) n
High availability and safety of operation by o o o
Disconnection in case of over temperature
Disconnection in case of exhaustive discharge
Disconnection in case of overcharge n
Long battery service life by o
Automatic full and equalizing charge
– Doubling of service life o
Prevention of exhaustive discharge by SOC monitoring
– utilization of battery capacity increased by 30% n
Exact SOC determination for user and operational control o
SI 5048 has an integrated SOC calculation
68
Functions of the Battery Management n
Monitoring of the limit values n
Calculation of capacity n
Discharge monitoring / limiting n
Control of battery charging n
Display of the state of charge (SOC )
69
Battery Management: SOC Determination n
Not Possible: o
Direct measurement of SOC n
Possible: o
Mathematic modeling and calculation n o
Complex algorithms are required
Many different variables affect an exact determination n
Battery, history, age, temperature, discharging current, etc. affect the amount of energy available within the battery
SOC determination in the Sunny Island:
Combination of Ah accumulation and self-adapting current/voltage model
70
Charge Modes n n
Boost Charge o
High voltage, short term
– SOC of 85 .. 95% SOC
Full Charge o
Medium voltage, medium term
– SOC of 92 .. 97% n n n
Equalizing Charge o
Medium voltage, long term
– SOC of 95 .. 100%
Float Charge o
Maintaining of battery voltage and state of charge
– Maintaining SOC of 95 .. 100%
Silent Mode o
Prevention of current flowing into and out of the battery
– SOC can be reduced (depending on battery type)
71
Battery Management System
Charging Process
Bulk Charge
(CI Phase)
2
1
3
Boost Charge
(CV Phase)
2 Hours
4
Full Charge
(CV Phase)
5 Hours
4 5
Float Charge
(CV Phase)
6
Silent Mode
(No Charging)
7
2
4
Manual Equalize
Equalization Charge
(CV Phase)
12 Hours
Legend:
(1) If VBat = VbatChg
(2) After time = CycTmEqu (#225.05)
(3) After time = CycTmFuln(#225.04)
(4) IF AptTm Rmg =0 (#120.04)
(5) If SOC < 70% (#120.01)
(6) After time SilentTmFlo (#224.02), Note: in grid tied mode only.
(7) After time SilentTmMax (#224.03), Note: in grid tied mode only.
72
Sunny Island Charging Process
5 hours
5 hours 12 hours 12 hours 5 hours 5 hours 12 hours 12 hours
Max.
Max.
Max.
Max.
Max.
B B u u lk
,
I I
P P h
C h a o a a n se
C st
. u
. rr rr e e n n t t
A b
A so b rp so tio rp
C o n tio n
,
V
V o
C n
, o st
V n
.
P h st
.
P
V a h lta o se a se g e lta g e
A b so
F rp lo tio n
,
V
C a o t,
C n
V
P
P h h a a se o st n
. st
V
. o
V lta o g lta e g e
V
P
F lo a t,
C o n st h a se g e
.
V o lta
S ile n t
M o
N o
C h a d e rg in g
S
F ile lo n t
M o a t,
N o
V
C o
C
P h d n st a h e a se g g e rg in
.
V o lta
F lo a t,
V
P
C o n st h a se
.
V o lta
F
S lo a ile g t, e
C n
N
V t o o n
P st o h a h d
.
V a e se o rg lta in g g e
S ile n t
M o
N o
C h a d e rg in g
S ile
F lo n t
M o
N o a t,
C h
C d e
V a
P h rg in o n st
. a g se g e
V o lta
F lo
F a t, lo a
S
V
C o t,
C
P ile n st time h a
V
P o n n
N
. t st o
V h se
M
. a o lta
C o
V se h a e g o lta e rg in g e g
73
Simple Configuration of the BMS
Parameters:
n
Battery type o
FLA: Flooded Lead Acid
(liquid electrolyte) o
VRLA: Valve Regulated Lead Acid
(defined electrolyte lead-gel and ???fleece batteries AGM) o
NiCd: Nickel-Cadmium n
Nominal battery voltage o
FLA/VRLA:
48 V
(48 .. 42 V) o
NiCd:
45.6 V
(48 .. 43,2 V) n
Battery capacity o
100 Ah
(100Ah .. 10.000 Ah)
Ø
All other values are correctly set automatically
74
Optimum Protection for the Battery n
Integrated Load management for lead-acid batteries with gel,
AGM, or flooded electrolytes n
Display of state of charge (SOC) and “state of health“ (SOH) n
Temperature-compensated battery charge n
Control of electrolyte circulation and ventilation of the battery
box by the Sunny Island n
Optimum protection and long service life for the battery
75
Sunny Island 5048U
Generators and GMS
Generators – Lots of Choices
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
Fixed or mobile
Diesel, bio-diesel, gasoline, propane, or natural gas
With or without enclosure
With or without sound absorption
From 0.6 kW to 50 MW
With or without simultaneous use of heat (CHP)
1800 RPM or 3600 RPM
§
1800 RPM – Off Grid
§
3600 RPM – Backup
Power
77
Grid-Forming Generators
Grid-forming
Generator is functioning as voltage source
Advantages and Disadvantages
C
Backup supply of loads is possible
D
Parallel operation of several units is very complex
What types are these ?
Ø
All backup style generators
Ø
Ø
All synchronous generators
Most with asynchronous generators
(excitation via capacitors)
Operation with Sunny Island?
C all
78
Supplementary Grid-Feeding Generators
Grid-feeding
Generator is functioning as current source
Advantages and Disadvantages
C
Simple parallel operation
D
Backup supply is not possible
What types are these ?
Ø
All generators identified as supplementary grid-feeding generators
Ø
Most of small combined heat and power (CHP) units
Operation with Sunny Island?
D
Senertec, Solo
C
Ecopower
C
Others in process
79
Generator Management n n n n
Generator start: o
Manual o o o
State of charge (SOC)
Load
Time
Generator control via: o
Current o o
Frequency
Optimization of reactive power
Generator support with full Sunny Island power
Other Generator protective functions: o Adjustable warming-up time o
Adjustable minimum operating time o Ramped generator loading o Run-on or cooling time
80
Generator Management n
Automatic or manual Start and Stop o
Dry contact relay closure (NO, Com, NC) o
Two wire type generators only n
Generator support (power addition) o
Automatically reduces charging current to limit load on generator o
Will discharge battery to support generator if needed n
Generator protection o
Reverse power protection o
Over / under voltage and frequency
81
Sunny Island 5048U
Data Storage with SD Card
Application: Memory space for settings n
Saving of system settings (Parameter lists) o
Backup for user after incorrect settings o
Backup of all data for the installer o
Automatic re-importing of parameters after software update o
2 different parameter sets can be stored n
Customized parameter lists by mail o
Typical system settings can be mailed or emailed easily o
Possible settings don‘t have to be set at the unit.
o
Can be programmed and sent by installer or SMA
83
SD Card Files – Parameter Lists n n n n n
Three separate parameter lists can be used o
Factory default settings are used when system is initialized or re-initialized o
Two additional parameter lists can be stored or loaded o
File names: SIPAR1.LST and SIPAR2.LST
Parameter Lists should be stored before and after making changes to system o
Allows return to old settings if changes resulted in undesirable operation o
If parameters were accidentally changed
Proven or “favorite” parameter sets can be stored on SD cards and carried from job to job to speed up programming
Parameters can be edited using PC and stored on SD card
Parameter lists are invaluable when troubleshooting system
84
Application: Firmware-Update n
Automatic updating of firmware via SD/MMC card o
SI automatically detects firmware version o o
Master automatically self updates
Master automatically updates slave units n
Manual “downgrading” of firmware is possible if needed o
Master automatically downgrades Slave firmware n
Convenient updating of operating firmware o o
Easy mailing of firmware via Internet or “snail mail”
Download of firmware via SMA websites in future o
Firmware / parameters can be updated by untrained users
– No service personnel needed
– No complicated hardware exchange necessary
– “Just insert the SD card”
85
Application: Service
Data/Information
Analysis/Solutions n n n
Saving all operating data in 1-minute-intervals
Logging of events, warning, and failure codes with date & time
Delivery of data via internet or “snail mail” o
Very low shipping costs o
Easy handling o
Very fast analysis and help o
Quickly resolve system problems
86
Using data to troubleshoot a system n
EXAMPLE: Off Grid Beta Test System in Northern California n
System Configuration: o
(2) SI5048U inverters in split phase o
(2) SB1800U inverters with approx. 3.5 kW PV o
Battery = 660 Ahrs @ 48 Vdc o
20 kW Generator (Propane) n
Customer reported system shut down on June 13, 2007 o
System shut down in the morning o
System was not charging batteries even with generator running o
What happened ?
87
SD Card Files – Log and Event Files n
File Name - Log Files: SI130607.LOG
LOG = data log
07 = Year
06 = Month
13 = Day n
File Name - Event Files: SI130607.EVT
n n
Event Files and Log files are generated daily
Stored data is approximately 1 MB per day
EVT = event history
07 = Year
06 = Month
13 = Day
88
Importing Data into Excel n n n n
Make a copy of the data files stored on the SD card o
Do not use original files to maintain data integrity !
Open a blank worksheet in Excel
Click on the Data Tab on the toolbar o
Select import External Data, Import Data
Find the sub-directory where the LOG and EVT files are stored o o
Choose “all files (*.*)” in the file type bar at the bottom of the page.
Click on the file of interest, e.g. SI130607.LOG
o o
In the import wizard screen select “delimited” then click Next
Check the “tab” and “semicolon” boxes the click Next o o
Click Finish
Select the cell where the data will be place, e.g. $A$1
– Note: when adding multiple days choose a cell below the last day imported, e.g. $A$1402
89
Example of Log File
#################
#
#SI5048 - Log Data
#
#################
#
# SN : 1260000196
# SN1 : 1260000234
# SN2 : 0
# SN3 : 0
#
TimeStamp
DD.MM.YYYY hh:mm
6/13/2007 00:00
HsTmp (Max) HsTmpSlv1 (Max) HsTmpSlv2 (Max) HsTmpSlv3 (Max) TrfTmp (Max) TrfTmpSlv1 (Max) TrfTmpSlv2 (Max) TrfTmpSlv3 (Max) BatTmp (Max) BatSoc (Avg) BatVtg (Min) degC
35 degC
31 degC
0 degC
0 degC
47 degC
43 degC
0 degC
0 degC
25.4
%
66
V
6/13/2007 00:01
6/13/2007 00:02
6/13/2007 00:03
6/13/2007 00:04
6/13/2007 00:05
6/13/2007 00:06
6/13/2007 00:07
6/13/2007 00:08
35
35
35
35
35
35
34
35
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
43
43
44
44
44
43
43
43
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66
6/13/2007 00:09
6/13/2007 00:10
6/13/2007 00:11
6/13/2007 00:12
6/13/2007 00:13
6/13/2007 00:14
6/13/2007 00:15
6/13/2007 00:16
6/13/2007 00:17
6/13/2007 00:18
6/13/2007 00:19
6/13/2007 00:20
6/13/2007 00:21
6/13/2007 00:22
6/13/2007 00:23
6/13/2007 00:24
6/13/2007 00:25
6/13/2007 00:26
35
35
34
34
34
34
34
35
35
34
34
34
34
34
35
35
34
34
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.2
25.2
25.2
25.2
25.2
25.2
25.2
25.2
25.2
25.2
25.2
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
66
66
65
65
65
90
Parameters Stored in Log Files
TimeStamp
HsTmp (Max)
HsTmpSlv1 (Max)
HsTmpSlv2 (Max)
HsTmpSlv3 (Max)
TrfTmp (Max)
TrfTmpSlv1 (Max)
TrfTmpSlv2 (Max)
TrfTmpSlv3 (Max)
BatTmp (Max)
BatSoc (Avg)
BatVtg (Min)
BatVtg (Max)
BatVtg (Avg)
BatChrgVtg (Avg)
TotBatCur (Min)
TotBatCur (Max)
TotBatCur (Avg)
InvVtg (Min)
InvVtg (Max)
InvVtg (Avg)
InvVtgSlv1 (Min)
InvVtgSlv1 (Max)
InvVtgSlv1 (Avg)
InvVtgSlv2 (Min)
InvVtgSlv2 (Max)
InvVtgSlv2 (Avg)
InvFrq (Min)
InvFrq (Max)
InvFrq (Avg)
InvCur (Max)
InvCurSlv1 (Max)
InvCurSlv2 (Max)
InvCurSlv3 (Max)
InvPwrAt (Min)
InvPwrAt (Max)
InvPwrAt (Avg)
InvPwrAtSlv1 (Min)
InvPwrAtSlv1 (Max)
InvPwrAtSlv1 (Avg)
InvPwrAtSlv2 (Min)
InvPwrAtSlv2 (Max)
InvPwrAtSlv2 (Avg)
InvPwrAtSlv3 (Min)
InvPwrAtSlv3 (Max)
InvPwrAtSlv3 (Avg)
InvPwrRt (Min)
InvPwrRt (Max)
InvPwrRt (Avg)
InvPwrRtSlv1 (Min)
InvPwrRtSlv1 (Max)
InvPwrRtSlv1 (Avg)
InvPwrRtSlv2 (Min)
InvPwrRtSlv2 (Max)
InvPwrRtSlv2 (Avg)
InvPwrRtSlv3 (Min)
InvPwrRtSlv3 (Max)
InvPwrRtSlv3 (Avg)
ExtVtg (Min)
ExtVtg (Max)
ExtVtg (Avg)
ExtVtgSlv1 (Min)
ExtVtgSlv1 (Max)
ExtVtgSlv1 (Avg)
ExtVtgSlv2 (Min)
ExtVtgSlv2 (Max)
ExtVtgSlv2 (Avg)
ExtFrq (Min)
ExtFrq (Max)
ExtFrq (Avg)
ExtCur (Max)
ExtCurSlv1 (Max)
ExtCurSlv2 (Max)
ExtPwrAt (Min)
ExtPwrAt (Max)
ExtPwrAt (Avg)
ExtPwrAtSlv1 (Min)
ExtPwrAtSlv1 (Max)
ExtPwrAtSlv1 (Avg)
ExtPwrAtSlv2 (Min)
ExtPwrAtSlv2 (Max)
ExtPwrAtSlv2 (Avg)
ExtPwrRt (Min)
ExtPwrRt (Max)
ExtPwrRt (Avg)
ExtPwrRtSlv1 (Min)
ExtPwrRtSlv1 (Max)
ExtPwrRtSlv1 (Avg)
ExtPwrRtSlv2 (Min)
ExtPwrRtSlv2 (Max)
ExtPwrRtSlv2 (Avg)
GnStt
GnDmdSrc
Rly1Stt
Rly2Stt
BatChrgOp
OpStt
RmgTmEqu (Min)
RmgTmFul (Min)
AptTmRmg
91
65
60
45
40
55
50
35
00:00
Excel Chart of System on June 13, 2007
Knowles Ranch 6/13/07
75
70
18:00
200
BatVtg (Avg) V
TotBatCur (Avg) A
ExtVtg (Avg)
150
100
50
21:00
0
-50
-100
-150
-200
00:00 03:00 06:00 09:00 12:00
Time of Day
15:00
92
Example – Event File 1
#################
#
#SI5048 - Event/Failure History
#
#################
#
# SN : 1260000196
# SN1 : 1260000234
# SN2 : 0
# SN3 : 0
#
TimeStamp;Type;Number;;
06/13/2007 04:33:29;E;401;;
06/13/2007 04:33:29;E;602;;
06/13/2007 04:37:29;E;402;;
06/13/2007 04:37:29;E;601;;
06/13/2007 04:42:29;E;401;;
06/13/2007 04:42:29;E;602;;
06/13/2007 04:46:29;E;402;;
06/13/2007 04:46:29;E;601;;
06/13/2007 04:51:29;E;401;;
06/13/2007 04:55:29;E;402;;
06/13/2007 04:55:29;E;601;;
06/13/2007 05:00:29;E;401;;
06/13/2007 05:00:29;E;602;;
06/13/2007 05:04:29;E;402;;
06/13/2007 05:04:29;E;601;;
06/13/2007 05:09:29;E;401;;
06/13/2007 05:09:29;E;602;;
06/13/2007 05:13:29;E;402;;
06/13/2007 05:13:29;E;601;;
06/13/2007 09:13:08;E;222;;
06/13/2007 09:13:08;E;101;;
06/13/2007 09:14:54;E;102;;
06/13/2007 09:14:55;E;103;;
06/13/2007 09:19:54;E;222;;
06/13/2007 09:19:54;E;101;;
06/13/2007 09:39:16;E;102;;
06/13/2007 09:39:18;E;103;;
06/13/2007 09:44:16;E;222;;
06/13/2007 09:44:16;E;101;;
06/13/2007 09:48:22;E;102;;
06/13/2007 09:48:24;E;103;;
06/13/2007 09:53:22;E;222;;
06/13/2007 09:53:22;E;101;;
06/13/2007 09:55:11;E;102;;
06/13/2007 09:55:13;E;103;;
06/13/2007 10:04:03;E;222;;
06/13/2007 10:04:03;E;101;;
06/13/2007 10:32:17;E;102;;
06/13/2007 10:32:19;E;103;;
06/13/2007 10:37:17;E;222;;
06/13/2007 10:37:17;E;101;;
06/13/2007 12:38:41;E;705;;
06/13/2007 12:38:42;E;402;;
06/13/2007 12:38:42;E;101;;
06/13/2007 12:38:43;E;204;;
06/13/2007 12:38:44;W;734;;
06/13/2007 12:38:44;E;711;;
06/13/2007 12:38:44;E;603;;
06/13/2007 12:38:45;E;619;;
06/13/2007 12:43:46;E;222;;
06/13/2007 13:01:44;E;102;;
06/13/2007 13:01:46;E;103;;
06/13/2007 13:02:22;E;610;;
06/13/2007 14:40:38;E;609;;
06/13/2007 14:43:38;E;402;;
06/13/2007 14:48:38;E;401;;
06/13/2007 14:48:38;E;602;;
06/13/2007 14:49:26;E;610;;
06/13/2007 14:49:26;E;104;;
06/13/2007 17:46:53;E;609;;
06/13/2007 17:51:53;E;402;;
06/13/2007 17:51:53;E;601;;
93
Example – Event File 2
#################
#
#SI5048 - Event/Failure History
#
#################
#
# SN : 1260000196
# SN1 : 1260000234
# SN2 : 0
# SN3 : 0
#
TimeStamp;Type;Number;;
06/13/2007 04:33:29;E;401;;
06/13/2007 04:33:29;E;602;;
06/13/2007 04:37:29;E;402;;
06/13/2007 04:37:29;E;601;;
06/13/2007 04:42:29;E;401;;
06/13/2007 04:42:29;E;602;;
06/13/2007 04:46:29;E;402;;
06/13/2007 04:46:29;E;601;;
06/13/2007 04:51:29;E;401;;
Generator Start Attempts
94
Example – Event File 3
#################
#
#SI5048 - Event/Failure History
#
#################
#
# SN : 1260000196
# SN1 : 1260000234
# SN2 : 0
# SN3 : 0
#
TimeStamp;Type;Number;;
06/13/2007 04:33:29;E;401;;
06/13/2007 04:33:29;E;602;;
06/13/2007 04:37:29;E;402;;
06/13/2007 04:37:29;E;601;;
06/13/2007 04:42:29;E;401;;
06/13/2007 04:42:29;E;602;;
06/13/2007 04:46:29;E;402;;
06/13/2007 04:46:29;E;601;;
06/13/2007 04:51:29;E;401;;
06/13/2007 04:55:29;E;402;;
06/13/2007 04:55:29;E;601;;
06/13/2007 05:00:29;E;401;;
06/13/2007 05:00:29;E;602;;
06/13/2007 05:04:29;E;402;;
06/13/2007 05:04:29;E;601;;
06/13/2007 05:09:29;E;401;;
06/13/2007 05:09:29;E;602;;
06/13/2007 05:13:29;E;402;;
06/13/2007 05:13:29;E;601;;
06/13/2007 09:13:08;E;222;;
06/13/2007 09:13:08;E;101;;
06/13/2007 09:14:54;E;102;;
06/13/2007 09:14:55;E;103;;
06/13/2007 09:19:54;E;222;;
06/13/2007 09:19:54;E;101;;
06/13/2007 09:39:16;E;102;;
06/13/2007 09:39:18;E;103;;
06/13/2007 09:44:16;E;222;;
06/13/2007 09:44:16;E;101;;
06/13/2007 09:48:22;E;102;;
06/13/2007 09:48:24;E;103;;
Generator Start Attempts
Shut Downs
95
Example – Event File 4
#################
#
#SI5048 - Event/Failure History
#
#################
#
# SN : 1260000196
# SN1 : 1260000234
# SN2 : 0
# SN3 : 0
#
TimeStamp;Type;Number;;
06/13/2007 04:33:29;E;401;;
06/13/2007 04:33:29;E;602;;
06/13/2007 04:37:29;E;402;;
06/13/2007 04:37:29;E;601;;
06/13/2007 04:42:29;E;401;;
06/13/2007 04:42:29;E;602;;
06/13/2007 04:46:29;E;402;;
06/13/2007 04:46:29;E;601;;
06/13/2007 04:51:29;E;401;;
06/13/2007 04:55:29;E;402;;
06/13/2007 04:55:29;E;601;;
06/13/2007 05:00:29;E;401;;
06/13/2007 05:00:29;E;602;;
06/13/2007 05:04:29;E;402;;
06/13/2007 05:04:29;E;601;;
06/13/2007 05:09:29;E;401;;
06/13/2007 05:09:29;E;602;;
06/13/2007 05:13:29;E;402;;
06/13/2007 05:13:29;E;601;;
06/13/2007 09:13:08;E;222;;
06/13/2007 09:13:08;E;101;;
06/13/2007 09:14:54;E;102;;
06/13/2007 09:14:55;E;103;;
06/13/2007 09:19:54;E;222;;
06/13/2007 09:19:54;E;101;;
06/13/2007 09:39:16;E;102;;
06/13/2007 09:39:18;E;103;;
06/13/2007 09:44:16;E;222;;
06/13/2007 09:44:16;E;101;;
06/13/2007 09:48:22;E;102;;
06/13/2007 09:48:24;E;103;;
06/13/2007 09:53:22;E;222;;
06/13/2007 09:53:22;E;101;;
06/13/2007 09:55:11;E;102;;
06/13/2007 09:55:13;E;103;;
06/13/2007 10:04:03;E;222;;
06/13/2007 10:04:03;E;101;;
06/13/2007 10:32:17;E;102;;
06/13/2007 10:32:19;E;103;;
06/13/2007 10:37:17;E;222;;
06/13/2007 10:37:17;E;101;;
06/13/2007 12:38:41;E;705;;
06/13/2007 12:38:42;E;402;;
06/13/2007 12:38:42;E;101;;
06/13/2007 12:38:43;E;204;;
06/13/2007 12:38:44;W;734;;
06/13/2007 12:38:44;E;711;;
06/13/2007 12:38:44;E;603;;
06/13/2007 12:38:45;E;619;;
06/13/2007 12:43:46;E;222;;
06/13/2007 13:01:44;E;102;;
06/13/2007 13:01:46;E;103;;
06/13/2007 13:02:22;E;610;;
Shut Downs
Manual Start
Shut Down
Inverter Restart
Transfer Relay
Closed
96
Example – Event File 5
#################
#
#SI5048 - Event/Failure History
#
#################
#
# SN : 1260000196
# SN1 : 1260000234
# SN2 : 0
# SN3 : 0
#
TimeStamp;Type;Number;;
06/13/2007 04:33:29;E;401;;
06/13/2007 04:33:29;E;602;;
06/13/2007 04:37:29;E;402;;
06/13/2007 04:37:29;E;601;;
06/13/2007 04:42:29;E;401;;
06/13/2007 04:42:29;E;602;;
06/13/2007 04:46:29;E;402;;
06/13/2007 04:46:29;E;601;;
06/13/2007 04:51:29;E;401;;
06/13/2007 04:55:29;E;402;;
06/13/2007 04:55:29;E;601;;
06/13/2007 05:00:29;E;401;;
06/13/2007 05:00:29;E;602;;
06/13/2007 05:04:29;E;402;;
06/13/2007 05:04:29;E;601;;
06/13/2007 05:09:29;E;401;;
06/13/2007 05:09:29;E;602;;
06/13/2007 05:13:29;E;402;;
06/13/2007 05:13:29;E;601;;
06/13/2007 09:13:08;E;222;;
06/13/2007 09:13:08;E;101;;
06/13/2007 09:14:54;E;102;;
06/13/2007 09:14:55;E;103;;
06/13/2007 09:19:54;E;222;;
06/13/2007 09:19:54;E;101;;
06/13/2007 09:39:16;E;102;;
06/13/2007 09:39:18;E;103;;
06/13/2007 09:44:16;E;222;;
06/13/2007 09:44:16;E;101;;
06/13/2007 09:48:22;E;102;;
06/13/2007 09:48:24;E;103;;
06/13/2007 09:55:13;E;103;;
06/13/2007 10:04:03;E;101;;
Generator Running
06/13/2007 10:32:17;E;102;;
Transfer Relay Open
06/13/2007 10:32:19;E;103;;
Generator Stop
06/13/2007 10:37:17;E;222;;
06/13/2007 10:37:17;E;101;;
06/13/2007 12:38:41;E;705;;
06/13/2007 12:38:42;E;402;;
06/13/2007 12:38:42;E;101;;
06/13/2007 12:38:43;E;204;;
06/13/2007 12:38:44;W;734;;
06/13/2007 12:38:44;E;711;;
06/13/2007 12:38:44;E;603;;
06/13/2007 12:38:45;E;619;;
06/13/2007 12:43:46;E;222;;
06/13/2007 13:01:44;E;102;;
06/13/2007 13:01:46;E;103;;
06/13/2007 13:02:22;E;610;;
06/13/2007 14:40:38;E;609;;
06/13/2007 14:43:38;E;402;;
06/13/2007 14:48:38;E;401;;
06/13/2007 14:48:38;E;602;;
06/13/2007 14:49:26;E;610;;
06/13/2007 14:49:26;E;104;;
06/13/2007 17:46:53;E;609;;
06/13/2007 17:51:53;E;402;;
06/13/2007 17:51:53;E;601;;
97
Application: Information carrier n
In addition to SI-Data and parameters also other information can be stored on SD card. o
User manual can be stored on card o
White papers and or applications notes o
Digital pictures of system and/or problem components o
Detailed instructions to users for specific problems
98
advertisement
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project