HT Instruments HT4020 User Manual

ENGLISH
User manual
1.800.561.8187
 Copyright HT ITALIA 2013
www.
.com
[email protected]
Release EN 2.00 - 04/02/2013
HT4020 - HT4022
Table of Contents:
1. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND PROCEDURES ............................................................. 2
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
Preliminary instructions ..................................................................................................... 2
During use ......................................................................................................................... 3
After use ............................................................................................................................ 3
Definition of measuring (overvoltage) category ................................................................. 3
2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................. 4
3. PREPARATION FOR USE .............................................................................................. 4
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
Preliminary checks ............................................................................................................ 4
Power supply ..................................................................................................................... 4
Calibration ......................................................................................................................... 4
Storage .............................................................................................................................. 4
4. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS........................................................................................ 5
4.1.
Instrument description ....................................................................................................... 5
4.1.1.
4.1.2.
4.1.3.
4.1.4.
4.2.
Controls description ..................................................................................................................... 5
Alignment marks .......................................................................................................................... 5
Rubber cap use to hold test leads ............................................................................................... 6
Disable Auto Power OFF function ............................................................................................... 6
Description of function keys .............................................................................................. 7
4.2.1.
D-H/
4.2.2.
4.2.3.
4.2.4.
FUNC and
FUNC/HARM key............................................................................................ 7
MAX/MIN/PK and MAX/MIN/PK/H key ...................................................................................... 7
ENERGY and ENERGY/H key .................................................................................................. 7
4.3.
key .................................................................................................................................. 7
Operating instructions ....................................................................................................... 8
4.3.1.
4.3.2.
4.3.3.
4.3.4.
4.3.5.
4.3.6.
4.3.7.
4.3.8.
4.3.9.
4.3.10.
AC/DC Voltage measurement ..................................................................................................... 8
AC Voltage frequency measurement ........................................................................................... 9
Measurement of Voltage Harmonics (HT4022) ......................................................................... 10
Resistance and continuity test ................................................................................................... 11
AC Current measurement .......................................................................................................... 12
AC Frequency current measurement......................................................................................... 13
Measurement of Current Harmonics (HT4022) ......................................................................... 14
Power/Energy measurement on single phase system .............................................................. 15
Power/Energy measurement on three phase balanced system ................................................ 16
Detection of phase sequence indication with 1 wire method ..................................................... 17
4.3.10.1.
4.3.10.2.
Detection of phase coincidence with 1 wire method ................................................................ 19
Phase detection with 1 wire method ........................................................................................ 21
5. MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................................ 22
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
General information ......................................................................................................... 22
Battery replacement ........................................................................................................ 22
Cleaning .......................................................................................................................... 22
End of life ........................................................................................................................ 22
6. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................... 23
6.1.
Technical characteristics ................................................................................................. 23
6.1.1.
6.2.
6.3.
General specifications ..................................................................................................... 24
Environmental conditions ................................................................................................ 24
6.3.1.
6.4.
Reference standards.................................................................................................................. 24
Climatic conditions ..................................................................................................................... 24
Accessories ..................................................................................................................... 24
6.4.1.
Standard accessories ................................................................................................................ 24
7. SERVICE ....................................................................................................................... 25
7.1.
7.2.
Warranty conditions......................................................................................................... 25
After-sale service............................................................................................................. 25
8. APPENDIX: VOLTAGE AND CURRENT HARMONICS ................................................ 26
8.1.
8.2.
8.3.
8.4.
Theory ............................................................................................................................. 26
Limit values for harmonics............................................................................................... 27
Causes for the presence of harmonics............................................................................ 27
Consequences of the presence of harmonics ................................................................. 28
1.800.561.8187
www.
.com
EN - 1
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
1. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND PROCEDURES
This instrument has been designed in compliance with IE/EN61010-1 directive. For your
own safety and to avoid damaging the instrument we suggest you follow the procedures
hereby prescribed and to read carefully all the notes preceded by the symbol
.
CAUTION
Should you fail to keep to the prescribed instructions you could damage the
instrument and/or its components or endanger your safety.
Take extreme care of the following conditions while taking measurements:
 Do not measure voltage or current in humid or wet environments.
 Do not use the clamp in the presence of explosive gas (material), combustible gas
(material), steam or dust.
 Do not touch the circuit under test if no measurement is being taken;
 Do not touch exposed metal parts, unused terminals, circuits and so on;
 Do not use the instrument if it seems to be malfunctioning (i.e. if you notice
deformations, breaks, leakage of substances, absence of segments on the display and
so on);
 Be careful when you measure voltages exceeding 20V as you may risk electrical
shocks.
 Take care not to allow your hand to pass over the safety guard (see Fig. 1, pos.2) on
current measurements and voltage measurements using the holster.
The following symbols are used:
Caution: refer to the instruction manual. An incorrect use may damage the tester
or its components
High voltage danger: risk of electric shocks
Double insulated meter
AC voltage or current
DC voltage or current
1.1.
PRELIMINARY INSTRUCTIONS
 This instrument has been designed for use in environments of pollution degree 2
 It can be used for CURRENT measurements on installations of measurement CAT III
600V (voltage between phase and to ground) and for VOLTAGE and FREQUENCY
measurements on installations of CAT III 600V (voltage between terminals and
between phase and to ground)
 Please use the standard safety precautions aimed at protecting you against dangerous
electric currents and protecting the instrument against incorrect operations
 Only the leads supplied with the instrument guarantee compliance with the safety
standards. They must be in good condition and, if necessary, be replaced with identical
 Do not test circuits exceeding the current and voltage limits.
 Do not perform any test under conditions exceeding the limits indicated in § 6.2.1
 Assure the batteries are installed correctly
 Before connecting the test leads to the circuit to be tested, make sure that the rotary
selector switch is set to the correct function.
 Make sure that the LCD and rotary selector switch indicate the same function.
1.800.561.8187
www.
.com
EN - 2
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
1.2.
DURING USE
CAUTION
Non compliance with CAUTIONs and/or instructions may cause damage to
the tester or its components or injure the operator.







Remove the clamp jaw from the conductor or circuit under test before changing the
range.
When the tester is connected to the measuring circuits, do not touch any unused
terminal.
Do not measure resistance in the presence of external voltages. Even if the circuit is
protected, excessive voltage could cause the instrument to malfunction.
When measuring current with the clamp jaws, first remove the test leads from the
instrument’s input jacks.
When measuring current, any other source near the clamp jaw could affect its
accuracy.
When measuring current, always put the conductor to be tested in the middle of the
clamp jaw to obtain the most accurate reading as referred into § 4.1.2.
While measuring, if the value remains unchanged check if the HOLD function is
enabled (H symbol at display)
1.3.
AFTER USE
 After taking measurements turn off the clamp
 If the instrument is not be used for a long period, remove the battery
1.4.
DEFINITION OF MEASURING (OVERVOLTAGE) CATEGORY
The norm IEC/EN61010-1: Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement,
control and laboratory use, Part 1: General requirements, defines what a measuring
category, usually called overvoltage category, is.
Circuits are divided into the following measurement categories:
 Measurement category IV is for measurements performed at the source of the lowvoltage installation
Examples are electricity meters and measurements on primary overcurrent protection
devices and ripple control units
 Measurement category III is for measurements performed in the building installation
Examples are measurements on distribution boards, circuit breakers, wiring, including
cables, bus-bars, junction boxes, switches, socket-outlets in the fixed installation, and
equipment for industrial use and some other equipment, for example, stationary motors
with permanent connection to fixed installation
 Measurement category II is for measurements performed on circuits directly
connected to the low voltage installation
Examples are measurements on household appliances, portable tools and similar
equipment
 Measurement category I is for measurements performed on circuits not directly
connected to MAINS
Examples are measurements on circuits not derived from MAINS, and specially
protected (internal) MAINS-derived circuits. In the latter case, transient stresses are
variable; for that reason, the norm requires that the transient withstand capability of the
equipment is made known to the user.
1.800.561.8187
www.
.com
EN - 3
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Those instruments HT4020 and HT4022 can perform the herewith measurements:












AC TRMS voltage
DC voltage
AC TRMS current
Harmonic AC voltage (from DC to 25th components) and THD% (HT4022)
Harmonic AC current (from 1st to 25th components) and THD% (HT4022)
Voltage frequency with input test leads
Current frequency with clamp jaws
Resistance and continuity test
Phase rotation and coincidence test with 1 test lead
Active, reactive, apparent power on single-phase and balanced three phase systems
Power factor measure on single-phase and balanced three phase systems
Active, reactive, apparent energy on single-phase and balanced three phase systems
Each parameter can be selected using the 7-position rotary switch, including an OFF
position. There are also the following buttons: "
FUNC ", “MAX/MIN/PK”, “ENERGY”
and “D-H / ” (HT4020) or " FUNC / HARM", “MAX/MIN/PK / H”, “ENERGY / H” and
“D-H / ” (HT4022). For their use please see § 4.2. The selected quantity appears on a
high-contrast display with unit and function indication.
3. PREPARATION FOR USE
3.1.
PRELIMINARY CHECKS
This instrument has been checked mechanically and electrically before shipment. All
precautions have been taken to assure that the instrument reaches you in perfect
condition.
However, it is advisable to carry out a rapid check in order to detect any possible damage,
which might have occurred in transit.
Check the accessories contained in the packaging to make sure they are the same as
reported in § 6.3.1.
3.2.
POWER SUPPLY
The instrument is supplied with 2x1.5V AAA batteries. The instruments battery life is about
" symbol appears when the batteries are nearly discharged. Replace
90 hours. The "
them following the instructions in § 5.2.
3.3.
CALIBRATION
The tester complies with the accuracy specifications listed in this manual and such
compliance is guaranteed for one year, afterwards the tester may need recalibration.
3.4.
STORAGE
In order to guarantee the accuracy of the measurements, after a period of storage in
extreme environmental conditions wait for the tester to stabilize to within the specified
operating conditions (see § 6.2.1) before use.
1.800.561.8187
www.
.com
EN - 4
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
4. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
4.1.
INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION
4.1.1. Controls description
CAPTION:
1. Inductive clamp jaw
2. Safety guard
3. D-H,
key
4. Jaw trigger
5. Rotary selector switch.
6. ENERGY key (HT4020)
ENERGY/H key (HT4022)
7.
FUNC key (HT4020)
FUNC / HARM key (HT4022)
8. MAX/MIN/PK key (HT4020)
MAX/MIN/PK/H key (HT4022)
9. LCD display
10. COM jack
11. V/ jack
Fig. 1: Instrument description
4.1.2. Alignment marks
Put the conductor within the jaws on intersection of the indicated marks as close as
possible (see Fig. 2) in order to meet the meter accuracy specifications.
CAPTION:
1. Alignment marks.
2. Conductor.
Fig. 2: Alignment marks.
1.800.561.8187
www.
.com
EN - 5
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
4.1.3. Rubber cap use to hold test leads
A rubber holster is provided with the instrument. This standard accessory, when fitted on
the top of the clamp, can hold one of the two test leads, as shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 3: Use of rubber test lead holster
This rubber holster has a very practical use. It allows the user to perform the
measurements with both test leads while, more easily, observing the value on the display
at the same time.
4.1.4. Disable Auto Power OFF function
In order to extend the battery life, the instrument switches off 5 minutes after the last rotary
switch or button actuation. When this function is enabled the symbol
is displayed.
To disable this function perform the herewith procedure:
1. Switch OFF the instrument
2. While
FUNC key is pressed switch on the instrument rotate the selector to any
position
Rotating the selector switch to the OFF position then back to any function again will reenable the Auto Power OFF function.
1.800.561.8187
www.
.com
EN - 6
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
4.2.
DESCRIPTION OF FUNCTION KEYS
4.2.1. D-H/ key
This key enables the HOLD function. The symbol "H" is displayed when this function is
enabled. To disable this function press the D-H key again or rotate the selector switch to
another position.
Press and hold the D-H/ key for 1 second to enable the backlight. The backlight
automatically turns off about 5 seconds after the last rotary selector switch or button
actuation.
4.2.2.
FUNC and FUNC/HARM key
This key allows the user to cycle through each function’s measurement modes with each
key press.





V
:
press
FUNC key to select between voltage and frequency measurement.
Press and hold the
FUNC/HARM key (HT4022) for at least 1 second to
activate the voltage harmonic measurement. By pressing the H and H keys
the individual harmonic values are displayed. This function mode is disabled by
pressing and holding the
FUNC/HARM key for at least 1 second or rotating
the selector to any other position
:
press
FUNC key to select between current and frequency measurement.
Press and hold the
FUNC/HARM key (HT4022) for at least 1 second to
activate the current harmonic measurement. By pressing the H and H keys
the individual harmonic values are displayed. This function mode is disabled by
pressing and holding the
FUNC/HARM key for at least 1 second or rotating
the selector to any other position
:
press
FUNC key to start phase sequence detection.
W:
press
FUNC key to select between active energy, reactive energy, apparent
energy, and power factor measurements on single-phase systems.
W3: press
FUNC key to select between active energy, reactive energy, apparent
energy, and power factor measurements on three phase balanced systems.
4.2.3. MAX/MIN/PK and MAX/MIN/PK/H key
By pressing and holding the MAX/MIN/PK key for at least 1 second, the instrument
activates the maximum (MAX), minimum (MIN), average (AVG) and peak (PK)
measurement modes. All of these values are continually updated even if only one of them
is displayed. By repeatedly pressing the MAX/MIN/PK key each value is displayed with the
corresponding frequency. To disable this function press and hold the MAX/MIN/PK key for
at least 1 second or rotate the selector to any position. In HARM measurement (HT4022)
the pressure of MAX/MIN/PK/H key allows to decrease the order of AC voltage or current
harmonic (see § 4.3.3 and § 4.3.7)
4.2.4. ENERGY and ENERGY/H key
With the rotary selector on “W" or "W3" position, press and hold this key at least 1
second to activate the energy measurement (see § 4.3.8 and § 4.3.9). The pressure of
ENERGY/H key allows to increase the order of AC voltage or current harmonic (see §
4.3.3 and § 4.3.7). Push ENERGY key and keep it pressed at least 1 second to escape
from the energy measurement mode
1.800.561.8187
www.
.com
EN - 7
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
4.3.
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
4.3.1. AC/DC Voltage measurement
CAUTION
 The maximum voltage input is 600V. Do not attempt to take any voltage
measurements exceeding the limits indicated in this manual. Exceeding
the limits could cause electrical shock or damage to the instrument.
 The instrument won’t measure any AC value less than 1.5V.
Fig. 4: Use of instrument for DC/AC voltage measurement
1. Select the “V ” position.
2. Insert the red lead into V/ jack and the black lead into the COM jack. For ease of use,
attach the rubber holster and insert a test lead (see Fig. 3).
3. Connect the test leads to the circuit under test (see Fig. 4). The instrument
automatically selects “AC” or “DC”. For AC voltage measurements the frequency value
is shown on the secondary display.
4. The “-“ symbol indicates a negative DC voltage polarity.
5. The "O.L" symbol indicates a voltage higher than the full-scale capability of the
instrument
6. For HOLD and MAX/MIN/AVG/PK features refer to § 4.2.1 and § 4.2.3)
1.800.561.8187
www.
.com
EN - 8
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
4.3.2. AC Voltage frequency measurement
CAUTION
 The maximum voltage input is 600V. Do not attempt to take any voltage
measurements exceeding the limits indicated in this manual. Exceeding
the limits could cause electrical shock or damage to the instrument.
 The instrument won’t measure any AC value less than 1.5V.
Fig. 5: Use of instrument for AC voltage frequency measurement
1. Select the “V ” position
2. Press the
FUNC key to select the Hz function
3. Insert the red plug into V/ jack and the black plug into the COM jack. For ease of use,
attach the rubber holster and insert a test lead (see Fig. 3)
4. Connect the test leads to the circuit under test (see Fig. 5). The measured frequency of
AC voltage value is displayed
5. The "O.L" symbol indicates a frequency higher than the full-scale capability of the
instrument
6. For HOLD and MAX/MIN/AVG features refer to § 4.2.1 and § 4.2.3
FUNC key again to return to the voltage measurement function
7. Press the
1.800.561.8187
www.
.com
EN - 9
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
4.3.3. Measurement of Voltage Harmonics (HT4022)
CAUTION
 The maximum Voltage input is 600V. Do not attempt to take any voltage
measurements exceeding the limits indicated in this manual. Exceeding
the limits could cause electrical shock or damage to the instrument.
 Harmonic voltage measure is active for AC voltage on inputs only.
Fig. 6: Use of instrument for AC voltage harmonic measurement
1. Select the “V ” position
2. Press FUNC/HARM key and keep it pressed at least 1 second until symbol “THD%”
is displayed
3. Insert the red plug into V/ jack and the black plug COM into jack. For ease of use,
attach the rubber test lead holster and insert a test lead (see Fig. 3)
4. Connect the test leads to the circuit under test (see Fig. 6). The instrument displays the
Total Harmonic Distortion value of the input signal. The symbol “THD%” is shown on
the display. See § 8 for the parameter’s definition
5. With the H and H keys you can cycle through all available harmonic values from DC
to the 25th order. On the secondary display is shown the order of the harmonic whose
percentage value is displayed on the main one (ex. h3% means third harmonic)
6. Press the
FUNC key to switch to the absolute harmonics’ values displaying (from
th
DC to 25 order). On the secondary display is shown the order of the harmonic whose
absolute value is displayed on the main one (ex. h3 means third harmonic)
7. Press
FUNC key to escape this mode going back to voltage measurement function
(see § 4.3.1)
1.800.561.8187
www.
.com
EN - 10
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
4.3.4. Resistance and continuity test
CAUTION
Before attempting any resistance measurement remove the power from the
circuit under test and discharge all the capacitors, if present.
Fig. 7: Use of instrument for resistance and continuity test
1. Select the “ ” position.
2. Insert the red plug into V/ jack and the black plug into COM one. For an easy
measurement use the rubber test lead holster inserting in it one test lead (see Fig. 3).
3. Connect the test leads to the circuit under test (see Fig. 7). The measured resistance
value is displayed.
4. The continuity test is always enabled. An audible beep sounds when the measured
value is <40
5. The symbol "O.L" means that the measured voltage is higher than the full scale of the
instrument
6. For HOLD and MAX/MIN/AVG features refer to § 4.2.1 and § 4.2.3
1.800.561.8187
www.
.com
EN - 11
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
4.3.5. AC Current measurement
CAUTION
Before attempting any measurement disconnect all the test leads from the
circuit under test and from the meter's input terminals.
Fig. 8: Use of instrument for AC current measurements
1. Select the “ ” position
2. Open the jaws and clamp only one cable. Pay attention to the alignment marks (see §
4.1.2. and Fig. 8). The values of current and frequency are shown on the main and
secondary displays.
3. The symbol "O.L" means that the measured voltage is higher than the full scale of the
instrument
4. For HOLD and MAX/MIN/AVG/PK features refer to § 4.2.1 and § 4.2.3
1.800.561.8187
www.
.com
EN - 12
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
4.3.6. AC Frequency current measurement
CAUTION
Before attempting any measurement disconnect all the test leads from the
circuit under test and from the meter's input terminals.
Fig. 9: Use of instrument for AC current frequency measurement
1. Select the “ ” position
2. Press
FUNC key to select Hz function
3. Open the jaws and clamp only one cable. Pay attention to the alignment marks (see §
4.1.2. and Fig. 9). The value of frequency is shown on display
4. The symbol "O.L" means that the measured voltage is higher than the full scale of the
instrument. The symbol “LO” is shown in case of wrong connection of the instrument
(see Fig. 9) or for measured values lower that the minimum range
5. For HOLD and MAX/MIN/AVG features refer to § 4.2.1 and § 4.2.3
6. Press
FUNC key to escape this mode going back to current measurement function
(see § 4.3.5).
1.800.561.8187
www.
.com
EN - 13
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
4.3.7. Measurement of Current Harmonics (HT4022)
CAUTION
Before attempting any measurement disconnect all the test leads from the
circuit under test and from the meter's input terminals.
Fig. 10: Use of instrument for AC harmonic current measurement
1. Select the “ ” position
2. Press the
FUNC/HARM key and keep it pressed at least 1 second until symbol
“THD%” is displayed
3. Open the jaws and clamp only one cable. Pay attention to the alignment marks (see §
4.1.2. and Fig. 10). The instrument displays the Total Harmonic Distortion value of the
input signal. The symbol “THD%” is displayed. See § 8 for the parameter’s definition.
4. With the H and H keys you can cycle through all available harmonic values from the
1st to the 25th order. On the secondary display is shown the order of the harmonic
whose percentage value is displayed on the main one (ex. h3% means third harmonic).
5. Press the
FUNC/HARM key to switch to the absolute harmonics’ values displaying
(from 1st to 25th order). The secondary display indicates the order of the harmonic
whose absolute value is displayed on the main one (ex. h3 means third harmonic)
6. Press
FUNC/HARM key to escape this mode going back to current measurement
function (see § 4.3.5)
1.800.561.8187
www.
.com
EN - 14
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
4.3.8. Power/Energy measurement on single phase system
CAUTION
The maximum Voltage input is 600V. Do not attempt to take any voltage
measurements exceeding the limits indicated in this manual. Exceeding the
limits could cause electrical shock or damage to the instrument.
Fig. 11: Use of instrument for power/energy measurement on single phase system
1. Select the “W” position
2. Open the jaws and clamp only one cable. Pay attention to the alignment marks (see §
4.1.2. and Fig. 11)
3. Insert the red plug into V/ jack and the black plug into COM one
4. Connect the test leads to the circuit under test (see Fig. 11). The measured active
power value is displayed
5. If the symbol " " is displayed the input voltage and/or current value is higher than the
instrument’s full scale. Therefore the power and power factor values could be incorrect
6. By pressing the FUNC key the parameters active power (kW), reactive power (kVAR,
capacitive C, inductive I), apparent power (kVA), power factor (Pfi or Pfc for inductive
and capacitive respectively) are displayed
7. Press and hold the ENERGY key for at least 1 second to active the energy
measurement mode. By pressing the
FUNC key the parameters active energy
R
(kWh), reactive energy (kVA h, capacitive C, inductive I), apparent energy (kVAh),
TIME with indication of energy measurement duration are displayed
8. Press the ENERGY key to activate the energy measurement. The message
“MEASURING” appears at the bottom of the display. Press the ENERGY key again to
stop the energy measurement, the message “MEASURING“ disappears from the
display
9. For HOLD and MAX/MIN/AVG features refer to § 4.2.1 and § 4.2.3
10. Press ENERGY key for at least 1 second to escape this mode going back to power
measurement function
1.800.561.8187
www.
.com
EN - 15
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
4.3.9. Power/Energy measurement on three phase balanced system
CAUTION
The maximum input for Voltage measurements is 600V. Do not attempt to
take any voltage measurement exceeding the limits indicated in this manual.
Exceeding the limits could cause electrical shock at the operator and
damages to the clamp meter.
Fig. 12: Use of instrument for power/energy measure on three phase balanced system
1. Select the “W3” position
2. Open the jaws and clamp the L3 phase cable. Pay attention to the alignment marks
(see § 4.1.2. and Fig. 12)
3. Insert the red plug into V/ jack and the black plug into COM one
4. Connect the red test lead to L1 phase conductor and the black test lead to L2 phase
conductor (see Fig. 12). The measured active power value is displayed
5. If the symbol " " is displayed the input voltage and/or current value is higher than the
instrument’s full scale. Therefore the power and power factor values could be incorrect
6. By pressing the FUNC key the parameters active power (kW), reactive power (kVAR,
capacitive C, inductive I), apparent power (kVA), power factor (Pfi or Pfc for inductive
and capacitive respectively) are displayed
7. Press and hold the ENERGY key for at least 1 second to active the energy
FUNC key the parameters active energy
measurement mode. By pressing the
R
(kWh), reactive energy (kVA h, capacitive C, inductive I), apparent energy (kVAh),
TIME with indication of energy measurement duration are displayed
8. Press the ENERGY key to activate the energy measurement. The message
“MEASURING” appears at the bottom of the display. Press the ENERGY key again to
stop the energy measurement, the message “MEASURING“ disappears from the
display
9. For HOLD and MAX/MIN/AVG features refer to § 4.2.1 and § 4.2.3
10. Press ENERGY key for at least 1 second to escape this mode going back to power
measurement function
1.800.561.8187
www.
.com
EN - 16
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
4.3.10. Detection of phase sequence indication with 1 wire method
CAUTION


The maximum Voltage input is 600V. Do not attempt to take any voltage
measurements exceeding the limits indicated in this manual. Exceeding
the limits could cause electrical shock or damage to the instrument
During this measurement the instrument must be always held in the
operator’s hand and the test lead cable must not be in contact with or near
to any voltage source that, due to instrument sensitivity, can abort the
measurement
Fig. 13: Use of instrument for phase sequence indication with 1 wire
1. Select the “ ” position. The symbol “1PH” will appear on the secondary display
2. Insert the red lead into V/ jack
3. Connect the red terminal to the L1 phase conductor (see Fig. 13 – left part). If
necessary use the rubber test lead holster and insert the red test lead
4. When an input voltage >80V is detected the buzzer sounds and the symbol “PH” is
shown on the main display. Don’t press any key and keep the test lead connected to L1
phase cable.
CAUTION
If the input voltage value is < 80V the instrument doesn’t show “PH” symbol
and it’s not possible to execute the phase rotation detection
5. After about one second “MEASURING“ appears on the display indicating that the
instrument is ready to execute
(see Fig. 13 – left part)
www.the first measurement
.com
EN - 17
1.800.561.8187
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
6.
7.
8.
9.
Press the FUNC key, the “MEASURING” message will disappear.
Disconnect the test lead and the symbol “2PH” appears on the secondary display
Connect the test lead to the L2 phase conductor (see Fig. 13 – right part)
When an input voltage >80V is detected the buzzer sounds and the symbol “PH” is
shown on the main display. Don’t press any key and keep the test lead connected to L2
phase cable.
CAUTION
If the input voltage value is < 80V the instrument doesn’t show “PH” symbol
and it’s not possible to execute the phase rotation detection
10. After about one second “MEASURING“ appears on the display indicating that the
instrument is ready to execute the second measurement.
FUNC key, the “MEASURING” message will disappear.
11. Press the
CAUTION
If you Wait more than 10 seconds between the first
FUNC key press and
the second, the instrument will display the “SEC” message and it’s
necessary to repeat all the measurements from the beginning. Rotate the
selector to any position to escape the function and restart at step 1.
12. If the two tested phases follow the correct sequence, the instrument displays “1.2.3.”,
otherwise it displays “2.1.3.” indicating an incorrect phase sequence.
CAUTION


1.800.561.8187
The detected voltage is NOT the phase to neutral voltage, but the
voltage between the conductor and the operator who is holding the
instrument. This value can be lower than the phase to neutral voltage.
DON’T TOUCH THE PHASE CABLE IF YOU AREN’T SURE THAT
ANY VOLTAGE IS PRESENT
If the operator is insulated from the ground (e.g. insulated floors, shoes
with thick rubber, etc.) the instrument may not measure correctly. We
recommend repeating test at least twice due to verify the rightness of the
obtained result
www.
.com
EN - 18
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
4.3.10.1. Detection of phase coincidence with 1 wire method
CAUTION



The purpose of this measurement is to verify the correct phase between 2
conductors before executing a parallel connection
The maximum Voltage input is 600V. Do not attempt to take any voltage
measurements exceeding the limits indicated in this manual. Exceeding
the limits could cause electrical shock or damage to the instrument
During this measurement the instrument must be always held in the
operator’s hand and the test lead cable must not be in contact with or near
to any voltage source that, due to instrument sensitivity, can abort the
measurement
Fig. 14: Use of instrument for phase coincidence indication with 1 wire
1. Select the “ ” position. The symbol “1PH” is shown on the secondary display
2. Insert the red plug into V/ jack
3. Connect the red terminal to the L1 phase conductor of the first 3-phase system (see
Fig. 14 – left part). If necessary use the rubber cup to insert red test lead
4. When an input voltage >80V is detected the buzzer sounds and the symbol “PH” is
shown on the main display. Don’t press any key and keep the test lead connected to L1
phase cable
CAUTION
If the input voltage value is < 80V the instrument doesn’t show “PH” symbol
and it’s not possible to execute the phase rotation detection.
5. After about one second “MEASURING“ appears on the display indicating that the
instrument is ready to execute the first measurement (see Fig. 14 – left part)
1.800.561.8187
www.
.com
EN - 19
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
FUNC key, the “MEASURING” symbol will disappear.
6. Press the
7. Disconnect the test lead from the first 3-phase system . The symbol “2PH” appears on
the secondary display
8. Connect the test lead to the L1 phase of the second 3-phase system (see Fig. 14 –
right part)
9. When an input voltage >80V is detected the buzzer sounds and the symbol “PH” is
shown on the main display. Don’t press any key and keep the test lead connected to L1
phase cable.
CAUTION
If the input voltage value is < 80V the instrument doesn’t show “PH” symbol
and it’s not possible to execute the phase rotation detection.
10. After about one second “MEASURING“ appears indicating the instrument is ready to
execute the second measurement.
11. Press the
FUNC key, the “MEASURING” symbol disappears.
CAUTION
If you Wait more than 10 seconds between the first
FUNC key press and
the second, the instrument will display the “SEC” message and it’s
necessary to repeat all the measurements from the beginning. Rotate the
selector to any position to escape the function and restart at step 1.
12. If the two test cables belong to the same phase, the instrument displays “1.1.-.”,
otherwise it displays “2.1.3.” or “1.2.3.” This indicates that the two cables belong to two
different phases
CAUTION


1.800.561.8187
The detected voltage is NOT the phase to neutral voltage, but the
voltage between the conductor and the operator who is holding the
instrument. This value can be lower than the phase to neutral voltage.
DON’T TOUCH THE PHASE CABLE IF YOU AREN’T SURE THAT
ANY VOLTAGE IS PRESENT.
If the operator is insulated from the ground (e.g. insulated floors, shoes
with thick rubber, etc.) the instrument may not measure correctly. We
recommend repeating test at least twice due to verify the rightness of the
obtained result.
www.
.com
EN - 20
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
4.3.10.2. Phase detection with 1 wire method
CAUTION

The maximum Voltage input is 600V. Do not attempt to take any voltage
measurements exceeding the limits indicated in this manual. Exceeding
the limits could cause electrical shock or damage to the instrument
During this measurement the instrument must be always held in the
operator’s hand and the test lead cable must not be in contact with or near
to any voltage source that, due to instrument sensitivity, can abort the
measurement

Fig. 15: Use of instrument for phase detection indication with 1 wire
1. Select the “ ” position
2. Insert the red plug into V/ jack
3. Connect the red terminal to the L1 phase conductor (see Fig. 15). If necessary use the
rubber cup to insert red test lead
4. When an input voltage >80V is detected the buzzer emits a sound and the symbols
“PH” is shown on the main display
CAUTION


1.800.561.8187
The detected voltage is NOT the phase to neutral voltage, but the
voltage between the conductor and the operator who is holding the
instrument. This value can be lower than the phase to neutral voltage.
DON’T TOUCH THE PHASE CABLE IF YOU AREN’T SURE THAT
ANY VOLTAGE IS PRESENT.
If the operator is insulated from the ground (e.g. insulated floors, shoes
with thick rubber, etc.) the instrument may not measure correctly. We
recommend repeating test at least twice due to verify the rightness of the
obtained result.
www.
.com
EN - 21
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
5. MAINTENANCE
5.1.
GENERAL INFORMATION
1. This digital clamp meter is a precision instrument. Whether in use or in storage, please
do not exceed the specifications to avoid any possible damage or danger during use.
2. Do not place this meter in high temperature and/or humidity or expose to direct
sunlight.
3. Be sure to turn the meter off after use. For long term storage, remove the batteries to
avoid leakage of battery fluid that can damage the internal components.
5.2.
BATTERY REPLACEMENT
" symbol, replace the batteries
When the LCD displays the "
CAUTION
Only experts and trained technicians should perform this operation. Remove
the test leads or the circuit under test before replacing the batteries.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Turn the rotary switch to the OFF position
Disconnect the test leads from the jacks and any cable from the jaws.
Unscrew the battery cover screw and remove the cover.
Replace the batteries with two new one of the same type (see § 6.2). Pay attention to
the correct polarity.
5. Replace the battery cover and it’s screw.
6. Use the appropriate battery disposal methods for your area.
5.3.
CLEANING
To clean the instrument, use a soft dry cloth. Never use a wet cloth, solvents or water, etc.
5.4.
END OF LIFE
CAUTION: this symbol indicates that equipment and its accessories shall be
subject to a separate collection and correct disposal.
1.800.561.8187
www.
.com
EN - 22
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
6. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
6.1.
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Accuracy indicated as [%rdg + (num. digit * resolution)] referred to: 23°C±5°C, <75%RH
DC Voltage
Range
0  599.9V
Resolution
0.1V
Accuracy
(1.0%rdg + 3dgt)
Input impedance
1M
AC TRMS Voltage
Range
Resolution
1.6  599.9V
0.1V
Accuracy
40  200Hz
200  400Hz
(1.0% rdg+3dgt)
(5.0%rdg + 3dgt)
Input impedance
1M
Max. Crest factor = 1.41
MAX / MIN / AVG / PEAK AC/DC Voltage
Function
Range
Resolution
0.1V
MAX,MIN,AVG 10.0  599.9V
1V
PEAK
10  850V
Accuracy
(5.0%rdg + 10dgt)
Response time
500ms
1ms
AC TRMS Current
Range
Resolution
0.0  399.9A
0.1A
Accuracy
40  200Hz
200  400Hz
(1.0%rdg+3dgt)
(5.0%rdg + 5dgt)
Overload protection
600A RMS
Max. Crest factor = 2
MAX / MIN / AVG / PEAK AC Current
Function
Range
Resolution
0.1A
MAX,MIN,AVG 10.0  399.9A
1A
PEAK
10  800A
Resistance and Continuity test
Range
Resolution
0.0  499.9
0.1
500  999
1
1000  1999
3
Accuracy
(5.0%rdg + 10dgt)
Response time
500ms
15ms
Accuracy
Overload protection
(1.0%rdg + 5dgt)
600V AC/DC RMS
Accuracy
(0.5%rdg + 1dgt)
Overload protection
600V RMS / 600A RMS
Instrument emits a buzzer for R<40
Frequency (with test leads/ with jaws)
Range
Resolution
0.1Hz
40.0  399.9Hz
Voltage range for frequency measure, with test leads: 0.5  600V, with jaws: 0.5  400V
Voltage and current harmonics (HT4022 only)
Harmonic order
Resolution [V], [A]
0.1
1  15
0.1
16  25
Accuracy
(10.0%rdg + 5dgt)
(15.0%rdg + 5dgt)
Accuracy defined for: voltage 1.6V, current 2A
Power factor
Range
0.20  1.00
Resolution
0.01
Accuracy
 3°
Accuracy defined for: sine wave, voltage 230  400V, current 2A, freq. 50-60Hz
Active power/energy, Reactive power/energy, Apparent power/energy
Range
Resolution
[kW,kWh], [kVAR,kVARh], [kVA, kVAh] [kW,kWh], [kVAR,kVARh], [kVA, kVAh]
0.01
0.00  99.99
0.1
100.0  999.9
Accuracy
(3.5%rdg + 3dgt)
Accuracy defined for: sine wave, voltage 230  400V, current 1A, freq. 50-60Hz, Pf: 0.8i  0.8c
Phase sequence and phase coincidence
Range
Frequency range
80  600V
40  69Hz
1.800.561.8187
www.
Input impedance
1M
.com
EN - 23
Overload protection
600V RMS
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
MAX / MIN / AVG Resistance and Continuity test
Range
Resolution
0.0  499.9
0.1
500  999
1
1000  1999
3
Accuracy
Response time
(1.0%rdg + 5dgt)
1s
Accuracy
(0.5%rdg + 1dgt)
Response time
1s
Instrument emits a buzzer for R<40
MAX / MIN / AVG Frequency (with test leads/ with jaws)
Range
Resolution
0.1Hz
40.0  399.9Hz
Max f/t =0.5Hz/s
MAX / MIN / AVG Active power, Reactive power, Apparent power
Range [kW], [kVAR], [kVA]
Resolution [kW], [kVAR], [kVA]
Accuracy
0.01
0.1  99.99
(3.5%rdg+3dgt)
0.1
100.0  999.9
Response time
1s
Accuracy defined for: sine wave, voltage 230  400V, current 1A, freq. 50-60Hz, Pf: 0.8i 0.8c
MAX / MIN / AVG Power factor
Range
0.20  1.00
Resolution
0.01
Accuracy
 3°
Response time
1s
Accuracy defined for: sine wave, voltage 230  400V, current 2A, freq. 50-60Hz
6.1.1. Reference standards
Safety:
Insulation:
Pollution degree:
Max height of use:
Measurement category:
6.2.
IEC/EN61010-1
double insulation
2
2000m (6562ft)
CAT III 600V between terminals and to ground
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Mechanical characteristics
Dimensions (L x W XH):
Weight (including batteries):
Jaws opening:
Max conductor size:
205 x 64 x 39mm (8 x 3 x 2in)
280g (10ounces)
30mm (1in)
30mm (1in)
Power supply
Battery type:
Low battery indication:
Battery life:
Auto Power OFF:
2x1.5V alkaline batteries type AAA LR03
Symbol "
" displayed
About 90 hours of continue measurement
after 5 minutes of idleness (disabled)
Display
Characteristics:
Sample rate:
Conversion mode:
4 dgt LCD, max 9999 points, decimal point and sign
64 samples in 20ms
TRMS
6.3.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
6.3.1. Climatic conditions
Reference temperature:
Operating temperature:
Operating humidity:
Storage temperature:
Storage humidity:
23 ± 5°C (73 ± 41°F)
0 ÷ 40°C (32 ÷ 104°F)
<80%HR
-10 ÷ 60°C (14 ÷ 140°F)
<80%HR
This product conforms to the prescriptions of the European directive on low voltage
2006/95/EEC (LVD) and to EMC directive 2004/108/EEC
6.4.
ACCESSORIES
6.4.1. Standard accessories



Couple of test leads

Couple of alligator clips

Rubber cup for test lead holder 
1.800.561.8187
ISO9000 calibration certificate
Carrying bag
Batteries
www.
.com
EN - 24

User manual
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
7. SERVICE
7.1.
WARRANTY CONDITIONS
This equipment is guaranteed against any material fault or manufacturer’s defect, in
accordance with the general conditions of sale. During the warranty period (one year),
faulty parts may be replaced, with the manufacturer reserving the right to decide either to
repair or replace the product.
In the event of returning the equipment to the after-sales service or to a regional branch,
the outward transport is payable by the customer. The delivery must be agreed in advance
with consignee.
For delivery indicate by means a note enclosed with the equipment, as clear as possible,
the reasons for returning it use only the original packing.
Any damaging caused by shipment using NOT original packaging will be charged in any
case to the consignor.
The manufacturer will not be responsible for any damage against persons or things.
The warranty doesn’t apply to the following cases:
 Accessories and battery aren’t included in warranty.
 Repairs following unsuitable use of the equipment or by combining the latter with
incompatible equipment.
 Repairs resulting from a not correct shipping.
 Repairs resulting from servicing carried out by a person not approved by the company.
 Modifications to the equipment without explicit authorization from our technical
departments.
 Adaptation to a particular application not provided for by the definition of the equipment
or by the instruction manual.
The contents of this manual may not be reproduced in any form whatsoever without our
agreement.
Our products are patented. The logotypes are registered. We reserve the right to
modify characteristics and prices as part of technological developments which
might require them.
7.2.
AFTER-SALE SERVICE
If the equipment weren’t correctly working, before contacting the SERVICE test the battery
condition, the test leads, etc., and change them if necessary.
If the equipment still weren’t working, check if your operating procedure agrees with the
one described in this manual.
In the event of returning the equipment it must be re-sent to the after-sales service (at
address or to a regional branch), the outward transport is payable by the customer. The
delivery must be agreed in advance with consignee.
For delivery indicate by means a note enclosed with the equipment, as clear as possible,
the reasons for returning it use only the original packing.
Any damage caused by delivery with NO original packaging will be charged in any case to
the consignor.
1.800.561.8187
www.
.com
EN - 25
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
8. APPENDIX: VOLTAGE AND CURRENT HARMONICS
8.1.
THEORY
Any periodical non-sine wave can be represented as a sum of sinusoidal waveforms each
having a frequency that corresponds to an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency,
according to the relation:

v(t)  V0   Vk sin(  k t   k )
k 1
(1)
where:
V0 = Average value of v(t)
V1 = Amplitude of the fundamental of v(t)
Vk = Amplitude of the kth harmonic of v(t)
LEGENDA:
1. Fundamental
2. Third Harmonic
3. Distorted waveform sum of two
previous components.
Effect of the sum of 2 multiple frequencies.
In the mains voltage, the fundamental has a frequency of 60 Hz, the second harmonic has
a frequency of 120 Hz, the third harmonic has a frequency of 180 Hz and so on. Harmonic
distortion is a constant problem and should not be confused with short durations events
such as sags, surges or spikes.
It can be noted that in (1) the index of sigma is from 1 to the infinity. What happens in
reality is that a signal does not have an unlimited number of harmonics: a number always
exists after which the harmonics value is negligible. The EN 50160 standard recommends
th
the index end in (2) in correspondence of the 40 harmonic.
A fundamental element to detect the presence of harmonics is THD defined as:
40
THDv 
V
2
h
h 2
V1
This index takes all the harmonics into account. The larger it is, the more distorted the
waveform gets.
1.800.561.8187
www.
.com
EN - 26
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
8.2.
LIMIT VALUES FOR HARMONICS
EN-50160 fixes the limits for the harmonic voltages, which can be introduced into the
network by the energy provider. Under normal conditions, during whatever period of a
week, 95% if the RMS value of each harmonic voltage, for a duration of 10 minutes, will
have to be less than or equal to the values stated in the following table.
The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the supply voltage (including all the harmonics up to
the 40th order) must be less than or equal to 8%.
Order h
5
7
11
13
17
19
23
25
Odd harmonics
Not multiple of 3
Relative voltage % Max
Order h
6
3
5
9
3,5
15
3
21
2
1,5
1,5
1,5
Multiple of 3
Relative voltage % Max
5
1,5
0,5
0,5
Order h
2
4
6..24
Even harmonics
Relative voltage %Max
2
1
0,5
These limits, theoretically applicable only for the supplier of electric energy, provide
however a series of reference values within which the harmonics introduced into the
network by the user must be contained.
8.3.
CAUSES FOR THE PRESENCE OF HARMONICS
Any apparatus that alters the sine wave or uses only a part of such a wave causes
distortions to the sine wave and therefore harmonics.
All current signals result in some way virtually distorted. The most common situation is the
harmonic distortion caused by non-linear loads such as electric household appliances,
personal computers or motor speed control drives. Harmonic distortion causes significant
currents at frequencies that are odd multiples of the fundamental frequency. Harmonic
currents affect the neutral current.
In most countries, the mains power is three-phase 50/60Hz with a delta primary and star
secondary transformers. The secondary generally provides 230V AC from phase to neutral
and 400V AC from phase to phase. Balancing the loads on each phase has always
represented a headache for electric systems designers.
Until some ten years ago, in a complete balanced system, the vector sum of the currents
in the neutral was zero or quite low (given the difficulty of obtaining a perfect balance). The
devices were incandescent lights, small motors and other devices that presented linear
loads. The result was an essentially sinusoidal current in each phase and a low current on
the neutral at a frequency of 50/60Hz.
“Modern” devices such as TV sets, fluorescent lights, video machines and microwave
ovens normally draw current for only a fraction of each cycle thus causing non-linear loads
and subsequent non-linear currents. All this generates odd harmonics of the 50/60Hz line
frequency. For this reason, the current in the transformers of the distribution boxes
contains only a 50Hz (or 60Hz) component but also a 150Hz (or 180Hz) component, a
50Hz (or 300Hz) component and other significant components of harmonic up to 750Hz
(or 900Hz) and higher.
The vector sum of the currents in a complete balanced system that feeds non-linear loads
may still be quite low. However, the sum does not eliminate all current harmonics. The odd
multiples of the third harmonic (called “TRIPLENS”) are added together in the neutral
conductor and can cause overheating even with balanced loads.
1.800.561.8187
www.
.com
EN - 27
[email protected]
HT4020 - HT4022
8.4.
CONSEQUENCES OF THE PRESENCE OF HARMONICS
nd
th
In general, even harmonics, i.e. the 2 , 4 etc., do not cause problems.
Designers should take into consideration the following points when designing a power
distribution system that will contain harmonic current:
Installation parts
Fuses
Effects attributed to Harmonics
Heating of internal fuse elements. This over-heating can cause an explosion of the fuse casing.
Increase in “body” effect. This means, for cables with many wires, the internal wires have higher
impedance than external wires due to their inability to dissipate heat.
Cables
Neutral conductor
The consequence of this is the current, which normally is distribute along the external surface of
wire, produces:
–
an over-heating of the conductor;
–
a premature degrading of the cable’s insulation;
–
an increase in line voltage drop.
The triplens harmonics, odd multiples of three, sum on the neutral conductor (instead of erasing
themselves) and generate a potential danger over-heating situation of the same conductor.
Increasing of copper loss due to a higher TRMS current value that circulate on internal circuits
and due to “body” effect present on protected wires also.
Transformer
Increasing of iron loss due to hysteresis cycle distortion and due to generation of leakage
currents on magnetic core.
Heating of insulation material due to eventually DC component that can generate saturation of
magnetic core column.
Motors
Re-phased
capacitance
Increase of loss due to over-heating of internal circuits and possible damage of insulation
material. Increase in motor vibration reducing efficiency and causing premature motor wear.
th
th
The 5 and 11 harmonic components generate some abnormal electromagnetic coupling that
can increase motor speed.
Increase in “parallel resonance” present inside a circuit, due to inductive loads and re-phased
capacitance, when at least one of the harmonics has the same frequency as the resonance
phenomenon. Effects of this event can be very dangerous. with explosion of used re-phased
capacitances.
RCD devices
Possible saturation of current sensing toroidal transducers resulting in incorrect measurements.
Energy disk
counters
Increased rotation speed of a disk resulting in measurement error (especially in cases of low
power factor loads).
Power controls
switch
Reduce of electrical duration of contact surfaces.
UPS
Reduced power generation from UPS.
Electronics
devices
Internal damage of electronic components.
1.800.561.8187
www.
.com
EN - 28
[email protected]