Product information | Accton Technology CheetahSwitch Workgroup-3726M System information
Add to my manuals134 Pages
advertisement
CheetahSwitch Workgroup-3726M
Management Guide
Management Guide
CheetahSwitch Workgroup-3726M
Intelligent Stackable Fast Ethernet Switch with 24 10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX (RJ-45) Ports, and Optional Media Expansion and Stack Modules
Copyright © 2002 by Accton Technology Corporation. All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of Accton Technology Corporation.
Accton makes no warranties with respect to this documentation and disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability, quality, or fitness for any particular purpose. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Accton reserves the right to make revisions to this publication without obligation to notify any person or entity of any such changes.
On-line Registration
For quick warranty registration, log on our website at http://register.acctontech.com to register your Accton products.
International Headquarters
No. 1 Creation Road III,
Science-based Industrial Park
Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
Phone: +886-3-5770-270
Fax: +886-3-5770-267
Internet: [email protected]
Asia Pacific Headquarters
1 Claymore Drive
#08-05/06 Orchard Towers (Rear Block)
Singapore 229594
Phone: +65 238 6556
Fax: +65 238 6466
Internet: www.acctontech.com
Europe Headquarters
Edificio Conata II,
Calle Fructuós Gelabert 6-8, 2 o , 4 a ,
08970 - Sant Joan Despí,
Barcelona, Spain.
Phone: +34-93-477-4920
Fax: +34-93-477-3774
Accton is a trademark of Accton Technology Corporation. Other trademarks or brand names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
AC-ES3726M
E022002-R01
F2.4761 150000017100A
Limited Warranty
Accton Technology Corporation
Limited Warranty: Accton warrants all is products to be free of manufacturing defects in workmanship and materials, under normal use and service, for the applicable warranty term. All Accton products carry a standard 90-day limited warranty from the date of purchase from Accton or its Authorized Reseller. Accton may, at its own discretion, repair or replace any product not operating as warranted with a similar or functionally equivalent product, during the applicable warranty term.
The standard limited warranty can be upgraded to a Limited Lifetime* warranty by registering new products within 30 days of purchase from Accton or its Authorized
Reseller. Registration can be accomplished via the enclosed product registration card or online via the Accton web site. Failure to register will not affect the standard limited warranty. The Limited Lifetime warranty covers a product during the Life of that Product, which is defined as the period of time during which the product is an “Active” Accton product. A product is considered to be “Active” while it is listed on the current Accton price list. As new technologies emerge, older technologies become obsolete and Accton will, at its discretion, replace an older product in its product line with one that incorporates these newer technologies. At that point, the obsolete product is discontinued and is no longer an “Active” Accton product. A list of discontinued products is attached with the firmware, configuration information, or memory data of Customer contained in, stored on, or integrated with any products returned to Accton pursuant to any warranty. Products returned to Accton should have any customer-installed accessory or add-on components, such as expansion modules, removed prior to returning the product for replacement.
Accton is not responsible for these items if they are returned with the product.
Customers must contact Accton for a Return Material Authorization number prior to returning any product to Accton. Proof of purchase may be required. Any product returned to Accton without a valid Return Material Authorization (RMA) number clearly marked on the outside of the package will be returned to customer at customer’s expense. Customers are responsible for all shipping charges from their facility to Accton.
Accton is responsible for return shipping charges from Accton to customer.
WARRANTIES EXCLUSIVE: IF AN ACCTON PRODUCT DOES NOT OPERATE AS
WARRANTED ABOVE, CUSTOMER’S SOLE REMEDY SHALL BE REPAIR OR
REPLACEMENT OF THE PRODUCT IN QUESTION, AT ACCTON’S OPTION. THE
FOREGOING WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES ARE EXCLUSIVE AND ARE IN LIEU OF
ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, EITHER IN
FACT OR BY OPERATION OF LAW, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ACCTON NEITHER ASSUMES NOR AUTHORIZES ANY
OTHER PERSON TO ASSUME FOR IT ANY OTHER LIABILITY IN CONNECTION
WITH THE SALE, INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE OR USE OF ITS PRODUCTS.
ACCTON SHALL NOT BE LIABLE UNDER THIS WARRANTY IF ITS TESTING AND
EXAMINATION DISCLOSE THE ALLEGED DEFECT IN THE PRODUCT DOES NOT
EXIST OR WAS CAUSED BY CUSTOMER’S OR ANY THIRD PERSON’S MISUSE,
Limited Warranty
NEGLECT, IMPROPER INSTALLATION OR TESTING, UNAUTHORIZED ATTEMPTS
TO REPAIR, OR ANY OTHER CAUSE BEYOND THE RANGE OF THE INTENDED
USE, OR BY ACCIDENT, FIRE, LIGHTNING, OR OTHER HAZARD.
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: IN NO EVENT, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT OR
TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), SHALL ACCTON BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL,
CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, OR
FOR LOSS OF REVENUE, LOSS OF BUSINESS, OR OTHER FINANCIAL LOSS
ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE, INSTALLATION,
MAINTENANCE, USE, PERFORMANCE, FAILURE, OR INTERRUPTION OF ITS
PRODUCTS, EVEN IF ACCTON OR ITS AUTHORIZED RESELLER HAS BEEN
ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
SOME COUNTRIES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OR THE LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES FOR
CONSUMER PRODUCTS, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS AND EXCLUSIONS MAY
NOT APPLY TO YOU. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS,
WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO STATE. NOTHING IN THIS WARRANTY SHALL
BE TAKEN TO AFFECT YOUR STATUTORY RIGHTS.
* Accton will provide warranty service for up to three years following discontinuance from the active Accton price list. Under the limited lifetime warranty, internal and external power supplies, fans, and cables are covered by a standard one-year warranty from date of purchase.
Contents
Switch Management
Console Port (Out-of-Band) Connections
Using the System Configuration Program
Console Configuration Navigation Keys and Buttons
Displaying Switch Version Information
Changing the Network Configuration
Using TFTP to Download Over the Network
Saving the System Configuration
Viewing the Current Port Configuration
Using the Spanning Tree Algorithm
Viewing the Current Spanning Tree Information
Displaying the Current Bridge STA
Displaying the Current STA for Ports
Using a Mirror Port for Analysis
Configuring Broadcast Storm Control
Configuring Bridge MIB Extensions
2-1
1-1
i
Contents
802.1P Port Traffic Class Information
802.1Q VLAN Current Table Information
802.1Q VLAN Static Table Configuration
802.1Q VLAN Port Configuration
Displaying the Unicast Address Table
Displaying the IP Multicast Registration Table
Configuring Static Unicast Addresses
Web-Based Management
Web-Based Configuration and Monitoring
Navigating the Web Browser Interface
Configuration Save and Restore
Configuration Upload Management
Configuration Download Management
ii
3-1
Contents
Spanning Tree Configuration 3-18
When the Switch Becomes Root 3-18
Configuring Bridge MIB Extensions
Port Priority Configuration 3-22
Port Traffic Class Information
VLAN Static Membership by Port
IP Multicast Registration Table
Port Broadcast Storm Protect Configuration
Using a Port Mirror for Analysis
Advanced Topics
Automatic VLAN Registration (GVRP)
Forwarding Traffic with Unknown VLAN Tags
4-1
iii
Contents
Forwarding Tagged/Untagged Frames
Class-of-Service (CoS) Support
Troubleshooting A-1
Upgrading Firmware via the Serial Port
Pin Assignments
Console Port to 9-Pin DTE Port on PC
Console Port to 25-Pin DTE Port on PC
B-1
Glossary
Index
iv
Chapter 1: Switch Management
Configuration Options
For advanced management capability, the Management Module provides a menu-driven system configuration program. This program can be accessed by a direct connection to the serial port on the rear panel (out-of-band), or by a Telnet connection over the network (in-band).
The management agent is based on SNMP (Simple Network Management
Protocol). This SNMP agent permits the CheetahSwtich Workgroup-3726M
(AC-ES3726M) to be managed from any PC in the network using in-band management software.
The management agent also includes an embedded HTTP Web agent. This Web agent can be accessed using a standard Web browser from any computer attached to the network.
The system configuration program and the SNMP agent support management functions such as:
• Enable/disable any port
• Set the communication mode for any port
• Configure SNMP parameters
• Configure VLANs or multicast filtering
• Display system information or statistics
• Configure the switch to join a Spanning Tree
• Download system firmware
• Restart the system
Required Connections
Console Port (Out-of-Band) Connections
Attach a VT100 compatible terminal or a PC running a terminal emulation program to the serial port on the switch’s rear panel. Use the null-modem cable provided with this package, or use a null modem connection that complies with the wiring assignments shown in Appendix B of this guide.
When attaching to a PC, set terminal emulation type to VT100, specify the port used by your PC (i.e., COM 1~4), and then set communications to 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity, and 19200 bps (for initial configuration). Also be sure to set flow control to
“none.” (Refer to “Configuring the Serial Port” on page 2-14 for a complete
description of configuration options.)
Note: If the default settings for the management agent’s serial port have been modified and you are having difficulty making a console connection, you can display or modify the current settings using a Web browser as described under
“Console Configuration” on page 3-5.
1-1
Switch Management
In-Band Connections
Prior to accessing the Management Module via a network connection, you must first configure it with a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway using an out-of-band connection or the BOOTP protocol.
Note: By default BOOTP is disabled and the IP address is set to 10.1.0.1. To enable
BOOTP, see “IP Configuration” on page 2-11.
After configuring the switch’s IP parameters, you can access the on-board configuration program from anywhere within the attached network. The on-board configuration program can be accessed using Telnet from any computer attached to the network. The switch and stack can also be managed by any computer using a
Web browser (Internet Explorer 4.0, or Netscape Navigator 4.0 or above), or from a network computer using network management software.
Notes: 1. Use the Network Configuration menu to specify the maximum number of simultaneous Telnet sessions that are supported by the system (up to four).
2. The on-board program only provides access to basic configuration functions.
To access the full range of SNMP management functions, you must use
SNMP-based network management software.
1-2
Chapter 2: Using the System Configuration Program
Login Screen
Once a direct connection to the serial port or a Telnet connection is established, the login screen for the on-board configuration program appears as shown below.
AAAAA
AAAAA
AAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAA
AAAAA AAAA
AAAAA
AAAAA
AAAAA
AAAAA
AAAAA
AAAA
AAAA CCCCCCC
AAAA CC
CCCCCCC TTTTTTTTTT
CC CC CC TT OO
OOOOOO NN
OO NNN
AAAA CC CC TT OO OO NN NN
AAAA CC
AAAAAAAA CC
AAAAAAAAA
CC
CC CC
CCCCCCC
CC
CCCCCCC
TT
TT
TT
OO
OO
OOOOOO
OO NN
OO NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN NN
NNN
NN
CheetahSwitch Workgroup 3726M
V2.4761
01-08-2002 (c) Copyright Accton Technology Corp.
User name :
Password :
If this is your first time to log into the configuration program, then the default user names are "admin" and "guest," with no passwords. The administrator has Read/
Write access to all configuration parameters and statistics. The guest has Read Only access to the management program.
You should define a new administrator password, record it and put it in a safe place.
Select Console Login Configuration from the Management Setup Menu and enter a new password for the administrator. Note that passwords can consist of up to 11 alphanumeric characters and are not case sensitive.
Note: Based on the default configuration, a user is allowed three attempts to enter the correct password; on the third failed attempt the current connection is terminated.
2-1
Using the System Configuration Program
After you enter the user name and password, you will have access to the system configuration program as illustrated by the following menu hierarchy:
System Information
Menu
System Information
Switch Information
IP Configuration
IP Connectivity Test(Ping)
HTTP Configuration
SNMP Communities
IP Trap Managers
Management
Setup Menu
Network Configuration
Serial Port Configuration
SNMP Configuration
Console Login Configuration
TFTP Download
Configuration Save & Restore
Management Configuration
Banner Message Configuration
Device Control
Menu
Port Configuration
Port Information
Spanning Tree Configuration
Spanning Tree Information
Mirror Port Configuration
Port Trunking Configuration
IGMP Configuration
BStorm Control Configuration
Port Security
Extented Bridge Configuration
802.1P Configuration
802.1Q VLAN Base Information
802.1Q VLAN Current Table Information
802.1Q VLAN Static Table Configuration
802.1Q VLAN Port Configuration
Port GARP Configuration*
Port GMRP Configuration*
Network
Monitor Menu
Port Statistics
RMON Statistics
Unicast Address Table
Multicast Address Registration Table*
IP Multicast Registration Table
Static Unicast Address Table Configuration
Static Multicast Address Table Configuration*
Restart
System Menu
Exit
* Not implemented in this firmware release.
STA Bridge Configuration
STA Port Configuration
STA Bridge State
STA Port State
802.1P Port Priority Configuration
802.1P Port Traffic Class Information
2-2
Console Configuration Navigation Keys and Buttons
Console Configuration Navigation Keys and Buttons
Menu items and configurable parameters in any screen can be selected by using
<TAB> or the arrow keys. As you select each field, help information for the item is displayed in the highlighted line at the bottom of the screen. To change a setting, type in the parameter field or scroll through fixed options using the <Space> bar. If you make a configuration change on a screen, be sure to select the <APPLY> or
<OK> button at the bottom of the screen to confirm the new setting.
The following table summarizes common screen configuration buttons.
Button/Key
<APPLY>
<OK>
<CANCEL>
<PREV UNIT>
<NEXT UNIT>
<PREV PAGE>
<NEXT PAGE>
<TAB> Key
<Arrow> Keys
<Enter> Key
Console Screen Configuration Buttons and Keys
Action
Sets specified values in the management agent.
Sets specified values in the management agent and returns to the previous screen.
Cancels any modified screen settings (prior to pressing the <APPLY> button) and returns to the previous screen.
Selects the switch stack unit with the stack ID one less than the current unit.
Selects the switch stack unit with the stack ID one more than the current unit.
Displays the previous page of data for the current screen.
Displays the next page of data for the current screen.
Moves to the next selectable item in the screen.
Moves to the next selectable item (left/right/up/down) in the screen.
Selects the highlighted item in a screen.
2-3
Using the System Configuration Program
Main Menu
With the system configuration program you can define system parameters, manage and control the switch, the connected stack and all its ports, or monitor network conditions. The figure below of the Main Menu and the following table briefly describe the selections available from this program.
Note: Options for the currently selected item are displayed in the highlighted area at the bottom of the interface screen.
Main Menu
=========
System Information Menu...
Management Setup Menu...
Device Control Menu...
Network Monitor Menu...
Restart System Menu...
Exit
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select.
Menu
System Information Menu
System Information
Switch Information
Management Setup Menu
Network Configuration
Serial Port Configuration
SNMP Configuration
Console Login Configuration
TFTP Download
Configuration Save & Restore
Description
Provides basic system description, including contact information.
Shows hardware/firmware version numbers, power status, and expansion modules used in the stack.
Includes IP setup, Ping facility, HTTP (Web agent) setup, Telnet configuration, and MAC address.
Sets communication parameters for the serial port, including management mode, baud rate, console time-out, and screen data refresh interval.
Activates traps; configures communities and trap managers.
Sets user names and passwords for system access, as well as the invalid password threshold and lockout time.
Downloads new version of firmware to update your system (in-band).
Saves the switch configuration to a file on a TFTP server. This file can be later downloaded to restore the configuration.
2-4
Main Menu
Menu
Device Control Menu
Port Configuration
Description
Port Information
Spanning Tree Configuration
Enables any port, enables/disables flow control, and sets communication mode to auto-negotiation, full duplex or half duplex.
Displays operational status, including link state, flow control method, and duplex mode.
Enables Spanning Tree Algorithm; also sets parameters for hello time, maximum message age, switch priority, and forward delay; as well as port priority, path cost, and fast forwarding.
Displays full listing of parameters for the Spanning Tree Algorithm.
Sets the source and target ports for mirroring.
Spanning Tree Information
Mirror Port Configuration
Port Trunking Configuration
IGMP Configuration
BStorm Control Configuration
Specifies ports to group into aggregate trunks.
Configures IGMP multicast filtering.
Allows you to enable/disable broadcast storm control on a per-port basis and set the packet-per-second threshold.
Extended Bridge Configuration Displays extended bridge capabilities provided by this switch.
802.1P Configuration Configures default port priorities and queue assignments.
802.1Q VLAN
Base Information
802.1Q VLAN Current Table
Information
Displays basic VLAN information, such as VLAN version number and maximum VLANs supported.
Displays VLAN groups and port members.
802.1Q VLAN Static Table
Configuration
802.1Q VLAN
Port Configuration
Port Security Configuration
Port GARP Configuration*
Port GMRP Configuration*
Network Monitor Menu
Port Statistics
RMON Statistics
Configures VLAN groups via static assignments, including setting port members, or restricting ports from being dynamically added to a port by the GVRP* protocol.
Displays/configures port-specific VLAN settings, including PVID, ingress filtering, and GVRP*.
Allows you to enable and configure port security for the switch.
Configures settings used in multicast filtering.
Configures GMRP multicast filtering.
Displays statistics on network traffic passing through the selected port.
Displays detailed statistical information for the selected port such as packet type and frame size counters.
Unicast Address Table
Multicast Address Registration
Table*
IP Multicast Registration Table
Static Unicast Address Table
Configuration
Static Multicast Address Table
Configuration*
Restart System Menu
Provides full listing for unicast addresses, as well as search and clear functions.
Provides full listing for multicast addresses, as well as search and clear functions.
Displays all the multicast groups active on this switch, including multicast IP addresses and corresponding VLAN IDs.
Used to manually configure host MAC addresses in the unicast table.
Used to manually configure host MAC addresses in the multicast table.
Restarts system with options to use POST, or to retain factory defaults,
IP settings, or user authentication settings.
Exit Exits the configuration program.
* Not implemented in this firmware release.
2-5
Using the System Configuration Program
System Information Menu
Use the System information Menu to display a basic description of the switch, including contact information, and hardware/firmware versions.
System Information Menu
=======================
System Information ...
Switch Information ...
Menu
System Information
Switch Information
<OK>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select.
Description
Provides basic system description, including contact information.
Shows hardware/firmware version numbers, power status, and expansion modules used in the stack.
2-6
System Information Menu
Displaying System Information
Use the System Information screen to display descriptive information about the switch, or for quick system identification as shown in the following figure and table.
System Information
==================
System Description : CheetahSwitch Workgroup 3726M
System Object ID : 1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.9
System Up Time
System Name
: 459241 (0 day 1 hr 16 min 32 sec)
: DEFAULT SYSTEM NAME
System Contact
System Location
: DEFAULT SYSTEM CONTACT
: DEFAULT SYSTEM LOCATION
<APPLY> <OK> <CANCEL>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes.
Parameter
System Description
System Object ID
System Up Time
Network Host Name*
System Contact*
Description
System hardware description.
MIB II object identifier for switch’s network management subsystem.
Length of time the current management agent has been running.
(Note that the first value is 1/100 seconds.)
Name assigned to the switch system.
Contact person for the system.
System Location* Specifies the area or location where the system resides.
* Maximum string length is 255, but the screen only displays 45 characters. You can use the arrow keys to browse the whole string.
2-7
Using the System Configuration Program
Displaying Switch Version Information
Use the Switch Information screen to display hardware/firmware version numbers for the main board, as well as the power status.
Switch Information : Unit 1
==================
Main Board
Hardware Version
Firmware Version
Serial Number
Port Number
Internal Power Status
Redundant Power Status
Expansion Slot 1
Expansion Slot 2
: V3.0
: V1.29
: 00-00-04-00-00-00
: 26
: Active
: Inactive
: 2Port 100Base-FX(MMF)
: ---------------------
Agent Module
Hardware Version
POST ROM Version
Firmware Version
SNMP Agent
: V3.0 (850 CPU)
: V1.11
: V2.4761
: Master
<OK> <PREV UNIT> <NEXT UNIT>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select.
Parameter
Main Board
Hardware Version
Firmware Version
Serial Number
Port Number
Expansion Slot 1
Expansion Slot 2
Description
Hardware version of the main board.
System firmware version in ROM.
The serial number of the main board.
Number of ports on the switch (including modules).
Internal Power Status Indicates if the primary power is active or inactive.
Redundant Power Status Indicates if the redundant power is active or inactive.
Shows module type if inserted:
(100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-SX or 1000BASE-LX).
Shows module type if inserted:
(100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX or Stacking).
Agent Module
Hardware Version
POST ROM Version
Firmware Version
SNMP Agent
Hardware version of the agent module.
Power-On Self-Test version number.
Firmware version of the agent module.
Shows if this module is Master or Backup Master.
2-8
Management Setup Menu
Management Setup Menu
After initially logging onto the system, adjust the communication parameters for your console to ensure a reliable connection (Serial Port Configuration). Specify the IP addresses for the switch (Network Configuration / IP Configuration), and then set the
Administrator and Guest passwords (Console Login Configuration). Remember to record them in a safe place. Also set the community string which controls access to the on-board SNMP agent via in-band management software (SNMP Configuration).
The items provided by the Management Setup Menu are described in the following sections.
Management Setup Menu
=====================
Network Configuration ...
Serial Port Configuration ...
SNMP Configuration ...
Console Login Configuration ...
TFTP Download ...
Configuration Save & Restore ...
Menu
Network Configuration
Serial Port Configuration
SNMP Configuration
<OK>
Display or change network configuration.
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select.
Console Login Configuration
TFTP Download
Configuration Save & Restore
Description
Includes IP setup, Ping facility, HTTP (Web agent) setup, Telnet configuration, and MAC address.
Sets communication parameters for the serial port, including management mode, baud rate, console time-out, and screen data refresh interval.
Activates traps; configures communities and trap managers.
Sets user names and passwords for system access, as well as the invalid password threshold and lockout time.
Downloads new version of firmware to update your system (in-band).
Saves the switch configuration to a file on a TFTP server. This file can be later downloaded to restore the configuration.
2-9
Using the System Configuration Program
Changing the Network Configuration
Use the Network Configuration menu to set the bootup option, configure the switch’s
Internet Protocol (IP) parameters, enable the on-board Web agent, or to set the number of concurrent Telnet sessions allowed. The screen shown below is described in the following table.
Network Configuration
=====================
IP Configuration ...
IP Connectivity Test(Ping) ...
HTTP Configuration ...
MAX Number of allowed Telnet sessions (1-4) : 4
Physical Address : 00-10-B5-FD-84-BB
Parameter
IP Configuration
IP Connectivity Test (Ping)
HTTP Configuration
MAX Number of Allowed Telnet
Sessions
Physical Address
<APPLY> <OK> <CANCEL>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select.
Description
Screen used to set the bootup option, or configure the switch’s IP parameters.
Screen used to test IP connectivity to a specified device.
Screen used to enable the Web agent.
The maximum number of Telnet sessions allowed to simultaneously access the agent module.
Physical address of the agent module.
2-10
Management Setup Menu
IP Configuration
Use the IP Configuration screen to set the bootup option, or configure the switch’s IP parameters. The screen shown below is described in the following table.
Network Configuration : IP Configuration
========================================
Interface Type : Ethernet
IP Address : 10.2.13.19
Subnet Mask : 255.255.252.0
Gateway IP :
IP State : USER-CONFIG
Parameter
Interface Type
IP Address
Subnet Mask
Gateway IP
IP State
<APPLY> <OK> <CANCEL>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes.
Default
10.1.0.1
255.255.0.0
USER-CONFIG
Description
Indicates that all interfaces on the switch are Ethernet. Management
IP packets from the switch are encapsulated within an Ethernet frame for transmission over the Ethernet network.
IP address of the stack you are managing. The system supports
SNMP over UDP/IP transport protocol. In this environment, all systems on the Internet, such as network interconnection devices and any PC accessing the agent module (or running management software) must have an IP address.
Valid IP addresses consist of four decimal numbers, of 0 to 255, separated by periods. Anything outside of this format will not be accepted by the configuration program.
Subnet mask of the switch you have selected. This mask identifies the host address bits used for routing to specific subnets.
Gateway used to pass trap messages from the system’s agent to the management station. Note that the gateway must be defined if the management station is located in a different IP segment. No gateway
IP address is configured as the default.
Specifies whether IP functionality is enabled via manual configuration, or set by Boot Protocol (BOOTP). Options include:
USER-CONFIG - IP functionality is enabled based on the default or user specified IP Configuration. (This is the default setting.)
BOOTP Get IP - IP is enabled but will not function until a BOOTP reply has been received. BOOTP requests will be periodically broadcast by the switch in an effort to learn its IP address. (BOOTP values can include the IP address, default gateway, subnet mask, and TFTP server IP.)
2-11
Using the System Configuration Program
IP Connectivity Test (Ping)
Use the IP Connectivity Test to see if another site on the Internet can be reached.
The screen shown below is described in the following table.
Network Configuration : IP Connectivity Test (Ping)
===================================================
IP Address :
Test Times : 1 Interval : 3
Success
[Start]
: 0 Failure : 0
Parameter
IP Address
Test Times
Interval
<OK>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes.
Success/Failure
Description
IP address of the site you want to ping.
The number of ICMP echo requests to send to the specified site.
Range: 1~1000
The interval (in seconds) between pinging the specified site.
Range: 1~10 seconds
The number of times the specified site has responded or not to pinging.
2-12
Management Setup Menu
HTTP Configuration
Use the HTTP Configuration screen to enable/disable the on-board Web agent, and to specify the TCP port that will provide HTTP service. The screen shown below is described in the following table.
Network Configuration : HTTP Configuration
==========================================
HTTP Server : ENABLED
HTTP Port Number : 80
<APPLY> <OK>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, <Space> to scroll options.
<CANCEL>
Parameter
HTTP Server
HTTP Port Number
Description
Enables/disables access to the on-board Web agent.
Specifies the TCP port that will provide HTTP service.
Range : 0~65535
Default : Port 80
(Telnet Port 23 is prohibited.)
2-13
Using the System Configuration Program
Configuring the Serial Port
You can access the on-board configuration program by attaching a VT100 compatible device to the switch’s serial port. (For more information on connecting to
this port, see “Required Connections” on page 1-1.) The communication parameters
for this port can be accessed from the Serial Port Configuration screen shown below and described in the following table.
Serial Port Configuration
=========================
Management Mode : CONSOLE MODE
Baud rate
Data bits
Stop bits
Parity
: 19200
: 8
: 1
: NONE
Time-Out (in minutes) : 0
Auto Refresh (in seconds) : 5
<APPLY> <OK> <CANCEL>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, <Space> to scroll options.
Parameter Default Description
Management Mode Console Mode Indicates that the console port settings are for direct console connection.
Baud rate 19200 The rate at which data is sent between devices.
Options : 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200 and auto detection.
Note that when auto detection is selected, you need to first press the
Enter key once to set the data rate and initialize the connection.
Data bits 8 bits
Stop bits 1 bit
Sets the data bits of the RS-232 port.
Options : 7, 8
Sets the stop bits of the RS-232 port.
Options : 1, 2
Parity None
Time-Out
Auto Refresh
10 minutes
5 seconds
Sets the parity of the RS-232 port.
Options : none/odd/even
If no input is received from the attached device after this interval, the current session is automatically closed.
Range : 0 - 100 minutes; where 0 indicates disabled
Sets the interval before a console session will auto refresh the console information, such as Spanning Tree Information, Port
Configuration, Port Statistics, and RMON Statistics.
Range : 0, or 5-255 seconds; where 0 indicates disabled
2-14
Management Setup Menu
Assigning SNMP Parameters
Use the SNMP Configuration screen to display and modify parameters for the
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). The switch includes an on-board
SNMP agent which monitors the status of its hardware, as well as the traffic passing through its ports. A computer attached to the network, called a Network
Management Station (NMS), can be used to access this information. Access rights to the on-board agent are controlled by community strings. To communicate with the switch, the NMS must first submit a valid community string for authentication. The options for configuring community strings and related trap functions are described in the following sections.
SNMP Configuration
==================
Send Authentication Fail Traps : ENABLED
SNMP Communities ...
IP Trap Managers ...
<APPLY> <OK> <CANCEL>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, <Space> to scroll options.
Parameter
Send Authentication Fail Traps Issue a trap message to specified IP trap managers whenever authentication of an SNMP request fails. (The default is disabled.)
SNMP Communities
IP Trap Managers
Description
Assigns SNMP access based on specified strings.
Specifies management stations that will receive authentication failure messages or other trap messages from the switch.
2-15
Using the System Configuration Program
Configuring Community Names
The following figure and table describe how to configure the community strings authorized for management access. Up to 5 community names may be entered.
SNMP Configuration : SNMP Communities
=====================================
Community Name
1.
public
2.
3.
4.
5.
Access
READ/WRITE
Status
ENABLED
Access
Status
<APPLY> <OK> <CANCEL>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes.
Parameter
Community Name
Description
A community entry authorized for management access.
Default strings: public (read only), private (read/write)
Maximum string length : 20 characters
Management access is restricted to Read Only or Read/Write.
Sets administrative status of entry to enabled or disabled.
2-16
Management Setup Menu
Configuring IP Trap Managers
The following figure and table describe how to specify management stations that will receive authentication failure messages or other trap messages from the switch. Up to 5 trap managers may be entered.
SNMP Configuration : IP Trap Managers
=====================================
Community Name Status
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
IP Address
<APPLY> <OK> <CANCEL>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes.
Parameter
IP Address
Community Name
Status
Description
IP address of the trap manager.
A community specified for trap management access.
Sets administrative status of selected entry to enabled or disabled.
2-17
Using the System Configuration Program
Console Login Configuration
Use the Management Setup: Console Login Configuration to restrict management access based on specified user names and passwords, or to set the invalid password threshold and time-out. There are only two user types defined, ADMIN
(Administrator) and GUEST, but you can set up to five different user names and passwords. Only Administrators have write access for parameters governing the switch. You should therefore assign a user name and password to the default
Administrator as soon as possible, and store it in a safe place. (If for some reason your password is lost, or you cannot gain access to the System Configuration
Program, contact Accton Technical Support for assistance.) The parameters shown on this screen are indicated in the following figure and table.
Console Login Configuration
===========================
Password Threshold : 3
Lock-out Time (in minutes) : 0
User Type User Name Password
----------------------------------------
1.
ADMIN
2.
GUEST admin guest
3.
4.
5.
<APPLY> <OK> <CANCEL>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes.
Parameter
Password
Threshold
Default
3
Description
Sets the password intrusion threshold which limits the number of failed logon attempts.
Range : 0~65535
Lock-out Time 0 The time (in seconds) the management console will be disabled due to an excessive number of failed logon attempts.
Range : 0~65535 (0 indicates disabled)
Admin*
Guest* name: admin password: null name: guest password: null
Administrator has access privilege of Read/Write for all screens.
Guest has access privilege of Read Only for all screens.
* Passwords can consist of up to 11 alphanumeric characters and are not case sensitive.
2-18
Management Setup Menu
Downloading System Software
Using TFTP to Download Over the Network
Use the TFTP Download menu to load software updates into the switch. The download file should be an CheetahSwtich Workgroup-3726M binary file from
Accton; otherwise the agent will not accept it. The success of the download operation depends on the accessibility of the TFTP server and the quality of the network connection. After downloading the new software, the agent will automatically restart itself. Parameters shown on this screen are indicated in the following figure and table.
TFTP Download
=============
Download Server IP :
Agent Software Upgrade
Download Filename
Download Mode
: ENABLED
:
: PERMANENT
[Process TFTP Download]
Download status : Complete
<APPLY> <OK> <CANCEL>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes.
Parameter
Download Server IP
Agent Software Upgrade
Download Filename
Download Mode
Description
IP address of a TFTP server.
Indicates that the switch is enabled for software upgrades.
The binary file to download.
Indicates a download to permanent flash ROM.
Note: You can also download firmware using the Web agent (page 3-13) or by a direct
console connection after a restart (page A-2).
2-19
Using the System Configuration Program
Saving the System Configuration
Use the Configuration Save & Restore menu to save the switch configuration settings to a file on a TFTP server. The file can be later downloaded to the switch to restore the switch’s settings. The success of the operation depends on the accessibility of the TFTP server and the quality of the network connection.
Parameters shown on this screen are indicated in the following figure and table.
Configuration Upload
====================
Upload Server IP
Upload Filename
:
:
[Process TFTP Upload]
Upload status : Complete
Configuration Download
======================
Download Server IP
Download Filename
:
:
[Process TFTP Download]
Download status : Complete
<APPLY> <OK> <CANCEL>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes.
Parameter
Configuration Upload
Upload Server IP
Upload Filename
[Process TFTP Upload]
Description
IP address of a TFTP server.
The name of the file to contain the switch configuration settings.
Issues a request to upload the configuration settings to the specified file on the TFTP server.
Indicates if an upload is “Complete” or “In Progress.” Upload Status
Configuration Download
Download Server IP
Download Filename
IP address of a TFTP server.
The name of the file that contains the switch configuration settings you wish to restore.
[Process TFTP Download] Issues a request to the TFTP server to download the specified file.
Download Status Indicates if a download is “Complete” or “In Progress.”
2-20
Configuring the Switch
Configuring the Switch
The Device Control menu is used to control a broad range of functions, including port configuration, Spanning Tree, port mirroring, multicast filtering, and Virtual
LANs. Each of the setup screens provided by these configuration menus are described in the following sections.
Device Control Menu
===================
Port Configuration ...
Port Information ...
Spanning Tree Configuration ...
Spanning Tree Information ...
Mirror Port Configuration ...
Extended Bridge Configuration ...
802.1P Configuration ...
802.1Q VLAN Base Information ...
802.1Q VLAN Current Table Information ...
802.1Q VLAN Static Table Configuration ...
Port Trunking Configuration ...
IGMP Configuration ...
802.1Q VLAN Port Configuration ...
Port Security Configuration ...
BStorm Control Configuration ...
Port GARP Configuration ...
Port GMRP Configuration ...
<OK>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select.
Menu
Port Configuration
Description
Sets communication parameters for ports.
Port Information Displays current port settings and port status.
Spanning Tree Configuration Configures the switch and its ports to participate in a local Spanning Tree.
Spanning Tree Information
Mirror Port Configuration
Port Trunking Configuration
IGMP Configuration
Displays the current Spanning Tree configuration for the switch and its ports.
Sets the source and target ports for mirroring.
Specifies ports to group into aggregate trunks.
Configures IGMP multicast filtering.
BStorm Control Configuration Allows you to enable/disable broadcast storm control on a per-port basis and set the packet-per-second threshold.
Extended Bridge Configuration Displays/configures extended bridge capabilities provided by this switch.
802.1P Configuration Configures default port priorities and queue assignments.
802.1Q VLAN
Base Information
802.1Q VLAN Current Table
Information
Displays basic VLAN information, such as VLAN version number and maximum VLANs supported.
Displays VLAN groups and port members.
802.1Q VLAN Static Table
Configuration
802.1Q VLAN Port ConfigurationDisplays/configures port-specific VLAN settings, including PVID and ingress filtering.
Port Security Configuration
Port GARP Configuration*
Configures VLAN groups via static assignments, including setting port members.
Allows you to enable and configure port security for the switch.
Configures generic attribute settings used in the spanning tree protocol,
VLAN registration, multicast filtering.
Port GMRP Configuration* Configures GMRP multicast filtering.
* Not implemented in this firmware release.
2-21
Using the System Configuration Program
Configuring Port Parameters
Use the Port Configuration menus to set or display communication parameters for any port or module in the stack.
Port Configuration : Unit 1 Port 1 - 12
==================
Port
Flow Control on all ports :
Type Admin
[Enable]
Flow Control
[Disable]
Speed and Duplex
-------------------------------------------------------------------
1 10/100TX ENABLED DISABLED AUTO
2
3
10/100TX
10/100TX
ENABLED
ENABLED
DISABLED
DISABLED
AUTO
AUTO
6
7
4
5
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
ENABLED
ENABLED
ENABLED
ENABLED
DISABLED
DISABLED
DISABLED
DISABLED
AUTO
AUTO
AUTO
AUTO
8
9
10
11
12
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
ENABLED
ENABLED
ENABLED
ENABLED
ENABLED
DISABLED
DISABLED
DISABLED
DISABLED
DISABLED
AUTO
AUTO
AUTO
AUTO
AUTO
<APPLY> <OK> <CANCEL> <PREV UNIT> <NEXT UNIT> <PREV PAGE> <NEXT PAGE>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select
Parameter
Flow Control on all ports
Type
Admin
Flow Control
Default
Disabled
Enabled
Disabled
Speed and Duplex Auto
Description
See “Flow Control” in this table.
Shows port type as:
/
100FX: 100BASE-FX
1000SX: 1000BASE-SX
1000LX: 1000BASE-LX
Allows you to disable a port due to abnormal behavior (e.g., excessive collisions), and then re-enable it after the problem has been resolved.
You may also disable a port for security reasons.
Used to enable or disable flow control. Flow control can eliminate frame loss by “blocking” traffic from end stations or segments connected directly to the switch when its buffers fill. IEEE 802.3x flow control is used for full duplex. Note that flow control should not be used if a port is connected to a hub.
Indicates current port speed and duplex mode.
Note that autonegotiation is not available for the 100BASE-FX ports.
Port Type
100BASE-FX
Speed
100M
Duplex Mode full duplex
1000BASE-SX 1000M auto
1000BASE-LX 1000M auto
Flow Control auto auto auto
The 1000BASE-SX and 1000BASE-LX ports are fixed at 1000 Mbps but autonegotiate duplex mode. The 100BASE-FX module is fixed at the indicated speed and duplex mode. All media types can autonegotiate flow control.
2-22
Configuring the Switch
Viewing the Current Port Configuration
The Port Information screen displays the port type, status, link state, and flow control in use, as well as the communication speed and duplex mode. To change any of the port settings, use the Port Configuration menu.
Port Information : Unit 1 Port 1 - 12
================
10
11
12
8
9
6
7
Port Type Operational Link FlowControl
InUse
Speed and
Duplex InUse
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 10/100TX YES DOWN -----------------------
4
5
2
3
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
YES
YES
YES
YES
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
--------------
--------------
--------------
--------------
----------
----------
----------
----------
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
DOWN
--------------
--------------
--------------
--------------
--------------
--------------
--------------
----------
----------
----------
----------
----------
----------
----------
<OK> <PREV UNIT> <NEXT UNIT> <PREV PAGE> <NEXT PAGE>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select.
Parameter
Type
Operational
Link
FlowControl InUse
Speed and Duplex InUse
Description
Shows port type as:
/
100FX: 100BASE-FX
1000SX: 1000BASE-SX
1000LX: 1000BASE-LX
Shows if the port is functioning or not.
Indicates if the port has a valid connection to an external device.
Shows the flow control type in use. Flow control can eliminate frame loss by “blocking” traffic from end stations connected directly to the switch. Back pressure is used for half duplex and IEEE 802.3x for full duplex. Note that flow control should not be used if a port is connected to a hub.
Displays the current port speed and duplex mode used. (Note that
Auto-negotiation is not available for 100BASE-FX ports.)
2-23
Using the System Configuration Program
Using the Spanning Tree Algorithm
The Spanning Tree Algorithm can be used to detect and disable network loops, and to provide backup links between switches, bridges or routers. This allows the switch to interact with other bridging devices (that is, an STA-compliant switch, bridge or router) in your network to ensure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network. For a more detailed description of how to use this algorithm, refer to
“Spanning Tree Algorithm” on page 4-1.
< Spanning Tree Configuration Menu >
Spanning Tree Bridge Configuration
Spanning Tree Port Configuration
<Ok>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select.
Configuring Bridge STA
The following figure and table describe Bridge STA configuration.
Spanning Tree Configuration : STA Bridge Configuration
======================================================
Spanning Tree Protocol
Priority
: ENABLED
: 32768
Hello Time (in seconds)
Max Age (in seconds)
: 2
: 20
Forward Delay (in seconds) : 15
Parameter
Spanning Tree
Protocol
Priority
<APPLY> <OK> <CANCEL>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, <Space> to scroll options.
Default
Enabled
32,768
Description
Enable this parameter to participate in a STA compliant network.
Device priority is used in selecting the root device, root port, and designated port. The device with the highest priority becomes the STA root device. However, if all devices have the same priority, the device with the lowest MAC address will then become the root device.
Enter a value from 0 - 65535.
Remember that the lower the numeric value, the higher the priority.
2-24
Parameter
Hello Time
Default
2
Max (Message)
Age
20
Forward Delay 15
Configuring the Switch
Description
Time interval (in seconds) at which the root device transmits a configuration message.
The minimum value is1.
The maximum value is the lower of 10 or [(Max. Message Age / 2) -1].
The maximum time (in seconds) a device can wait without receiving a configuration message before attempting to reconfigure. All device ports
(except for designated ports) should receive configuration messages at regular intervals. Any port that ages out STA information (provided in the last configuration message) becomes the designated port for the attached LAN. If it is a root port, a new root port is selected from among the device ports attached to the network.
The minimum value is the higher of 6 or [2 x (Hello Time + 1)].
The maximum value is the lower of 40 or [2 x (Forward Delay - 1)].
The maximum time (in seconds) the root device will wait before changing states (i.e., listening to learning to forwarding). This delay is required because every device must receive information about topology changes before it starts to forward frames. In addition, each port needs time to listen for conflicting information that would make it return to a blocking state; otherwise, temporary data loops might result.
The maximum value is 30.
The minimum value is the higher of 4 or [(Max. Message Age / 2) + 1].
2-25
Using the System Configuration Program
Configuring STA for Ports
The following figure and table describe port STA configuration.
8
9
10
11
12
6
7
4
5
Spanning Tree Port Configuration : Unit 1 Port 1 - 12
================================
Fast forwarding on all ports :
Port Type Priority
[Enable]
Cost
[Disable]
FastForwarding
-------------------------------------------------------
1 10/100TX 128 19 ENABLED
2
3
10/100TX
10/100TX
128
128
19
19
ENABLED
ENABLED
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
128
128
128
128
128
128
128
128
128
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
ENABLED
ENABLED
ENABLED
ENABLED
ENABLED
ENABLED
ENABLED
ENABLED
ENABLED
<APPLY> <OK> <CANCEL> <PREV UNIT> <NEXT UNIT> <PREV PAGE> <NEXT PAGE>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select
Parameter
Fast forwarding on all ports
Type
Default
Enabled
Description
See “FastForwarding” in this table.
Priority
(Path) Cost
128
100/19/4
Shows port type as:
10/100TX: 10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX
100FX: 100BASE-FX
1000SX: 1000BASE-SX
1000LX: 1000BASE-LX
Defines the priority for the use of a port in the STA algorithm. If the path cost for all ports on a switch are the same, the port with the highest priority
(i.e., lowest value) will be configured as an active link in the Spanning Tree.
Where more than one port is assigned the highest priority, the port with lowest numeric identifier will be enabled. The range is 0 - 255.
This parameter is used by the STA algorithm to determine the best path between devices. Therefore, lower values should be assigned to ports attached to faster media, and higher values assigned to ports with slower media. (Path cost takes precedence over port priority.)
The default and recommended range is:
Ethernet: 100 (50~600)
Fast Ethernet: 19 (10~60)
Gigabit Ethernet: 4 (3~10)
The full range is 0 - 65535.
Fast Forwarding* Enabled This parameter is used to enable/disable the Fast Spanning Tree mode for the selected port. In this mode, ports skip the Blocked, Listening and
Learning states and proceed straight to Forwarding.
*Fast Forwarding enables end-node workstations and servers to overcome time-out problems when the
Spanning Tree Algorithm is implemented in a network. Therefore, Fast Forwarding should only be enabled for ports connected to an end-node device.
2-26
Configuring the Switch
Viewing the Current Spanning Tree Information
The Spanning Tree Information screen displays a summary of the STA information for the overall bridge or for a specific port. To make any changes to the parameters for the Spanning Tree, use the Spanning Tree Configuration menu.
< Spanning Tree Information Menu >
Spanning Tree Bridge State
Spanning Tree Port State
<Ok>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select.
2-27
Using the System Configuration Program
Displaying the Current Bridge STA
The parameters shown in the following figure and table describe the current Bridge
STA State.
Spanning Tree Information : STA Bridge Information
==================================================
Priority
Hello Time (in seconds)
: 32768
: 2
Max Age (in seconds) : 20
Forward Delay (in seconds) : 15
Hold Time (in seconds)
Designated Root
Root Cost
Root Port
Reconfig Counts
Topology Up Time
: 1
: 32768.0010B5FD84BB
: 0
: 0
: 0
: 680904 (0 day 1 hr 53 min 29 sec)
Parameter
Priority
Hello Time
Max Age
Forward Delay
Hold Time
Designated Root
Root Cost
Root Port
Reconfig Counts
Topology Up Time
<OK>
<Enter> to select.
Description
Device priority is used in selecting the root device, root port, and designated port. The device with the highest priority becomes the STA root device.
However, if all devices have the same priority, the device with the lowest
MAC address will then become the root device.
The time interval (in seconds) at which the root device transmits a configuration message.
The maximum time (in seconds) a device can wait without receiving a configuration message before attempting to reconfigure.
The maximum time (in seconds) the root device will wait before changing states (i.e., listening to learning to forwarding).
The minimum interval between the transmission of consecutive
Configuration BPDUs.
The priority and MAC address of the device in the Spanning Tree that this switch has accepted as the root device.
The path cost from the root port on this switch to the root device.
The number of the port on this switch that is closest to the root. This switch communicates with the root device through this port. If there is no root port, then this switch has been accepted as the root device of the Spanning Tree network.
The number of times the Spanning Tree has been reconfigured.
The time since the Spanning Tree was last reconfigured.
2-28
Configuring the Switch
Displaying the Current STA for Ports
The parameters shown in the following figure and table are for port STA Information.
Spanning Tree Port Information : Unit 1 Port 1 - 12
==============================
9
10
11
12
5
6
7
8
Port Type Status Designated
Cost
Designated
Bridge
Designated
Port
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
2
3
4
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
NO LINK
NO LINK
NO LINK
NO LINK
0
0
0
0
32768.0010B5FD84BB
32768.0010B5FD84BB
32768.0010B5FD84BB
32768.0010B5FD84BB
128.1
128.2
128.3
128.4
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
10/100TX
NO LINK
NO LINK
NO LINK
NO LINK
NO LINK
NO LINK
NO LINK
NO LINK
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
32768.0010B5FD84BB
32768.0010B5FD84BB
32768.0010B5FD84BB
32768.0010B5FD84BB
32768.0010B5FD84BB
32768.0010B5FD84BB
32768.0010B5FD84BB
32768.0010B5FD84BB
128.5
128.6
128.7
128.8
128.9
128.10
128.11
128.12
<OK> <PREV UNIT> <NEXT UNIT> <PREV PAGE>
Return to previous panel.
<NEXT PAGE>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select.
Parameter
Type
Status
Designated Cost
Description
Shows port type as:
/
100FX: 100BASE-FX
1000SX: 1000BASE-SX
1000LX: 1000BASE-LX
Displays current state of this port within the Spanning Tree:
No Link No link has been established on this port.
Disabled Port has been disabled by the user or has failed diagnostics.
Blocking
Listening
Learning
Forwarding
Port receives STA configuration messages, but does not forward packets.
Port will leave blocking state due to topology change, starts transmitting configuration messages, but does not yet forward packets.
Port has transmitted configuration messages for an interval set by the
Forward Delay parameter without receiving contradictory information.
Port address table is cleared, and the port begins learning addresses.
The port forwards packets, and continues learning addresses.
The rules defining port status are:
• A port on a network segment with no other STA-compliant bridging device is always forwarding.
• If two ports of a switch are connected to the same segment and there is no other
STA device attached to this segment, the port with the smaller ID forwards packets and the other is blocked.
• All ports are blocked when the switch is booted, then some of them change state to listening, to learning, and then to forwarding.
The cost for a packet to travel from this port to the root in the current Spanning Tree configuration. The slower the media, the higher the cost.
2-29
Using the System Configuration Program
Parameter
Designated Bridge
(ID)
Designated
Port (ID)
Description
The priority and MAC address of the device through which this port must communicate to reach the root of the Spanning Tree.
The priority and number of the port on the designated bridging device through which this switch must communicate with the root of the Spanning Tree.
Using a Mirror Port for Analysis
You can mirror traffic from any source port to a target port for real-time analysis. You can then attach a network sniffer or RMON probe to the target port and study the traffic crossing the source port in a completely unobtrusive manner. When mirroring port traffic, note that the target port must be included in the same VLAN as the
source port. (See “Configuring Virtual LANs” on page 2-40.)
You can use the Mirror Port Configuration screen to designate a single port pair for mirroring as shown below.
Mirror Port Configuration
=========================
Mirror Source Port : Unit 1
Port 1
Mirror Target Port : Unit 1
Port 2
Status : DISABLED
Parameter
Mirror Source Port
Mirror Target Port
Status
<APPLY> <OK> <CANCEL>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes.
Description
The port whose traffic will be monitored.
The port that will duplicate or “mirror” all the traffic happening on the monitored port.
Enables or disables the mirror function.
2-30
Configuring the Switch
Configuring Port Trunks
Port trunks can be used to increase the bandwidth of a network connection or to ensure fault recovery. You can configure up to five trunk connections (combining 2~4 ports into a fat pipe) between any two standalone CheetahSwtich Workgroup-3726M switches, or up to 12 for an entire stack. However, before making any physical connections between devices, use the Trunk Configuration menu to specify the trunk on the devices at both ends. When using a port trunk, note that:
• The ports used in a trunk must all be of the same media type (RJ-45, 100 Mbps fiber, 1000BASE-SX or 1000BASE-LX). The ports that can be assigned to the
same trunk have certain other restrictions as described on page 2-33.
• Ports can only be assigned to one trunk.
• The ports at both ends of a connection must be configured as trunk ports.
• The ports at both ends of a trunk must be configured in an identical manner, including speed, duplex mode, and VLAN assignments.
• None of the ports in a trunk can be configured as a mirror source port or mirror target port.
• All the ports in a trunk have to be treated as a whole when moved from/to, added or deleted from a VLAN.
• The Spanning Tree Algorithm will treat all the ports in a trunk as a whole.
• Enable the trunk prior to connecting any cable between the switches to avoid creating a loop.
• Disconnect all trunk port cables or disable the trunk ports before removing a port trunk to avoid creating a loop.
2-31
Using the System Configuration Program
You can use the Port Trunking Configuration screen to set up port trunks as shown below:
Port Trunking Configuration
===========================
Trunk ID Status
1
Member List
2 3 4
--------------------------------------------------------
--------Unit : Unit : Unit : Unit : -
Port : -Port : -Port : -Port : --
--
--
--------
--------
Trunk ID : 1
Unit : -
Port : --
Unit : -
Port : --
Unit : -
Port : --
Unit : -
Port : --
Trunk ID : 1
Unit : -
Port : --
Unit : -
Port : --
Unit : -
Port : --
Unit : -
Port : --
Member Unit : 1
Member Port : 1
[Show]
[Enable]
[More]
[Disable] [Add] [Delete]
<OK>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes.
Parameter
Trunk ID
Status
Unit
Port
[Show]
[More]
[Enable] [Disable]
[Add] [Delete]
Description
Configure up to five trunks per switch.
Shows if the selected trunk is enabled or disabled.
Specifies a switch unit in the stack (1~4).
Select from 2 ~ 4 ports per trunk.
Displays trunk settings, where the first trunk listed is specified by “Trunk ID.”
Scrolls through the list of configured trunks.
Enables/disables the selected trunk.
Adds/deletes the port specified by
Trunk ID / Member Unit / Member Port.
2-32
Configuring the Switch
The RJ-45 ports used for one side of a trunk must all be on the same internal switch chip. The port groups permitted include:
Group 1
1, 2, 3, 4,
13, 14, 15, 16
Group 2
5, 6, 7, 8,
17, 18, 19, 20
Group 3
9, 10, 11, 12,
21, 22, 23, 24
The 100BASE-FX fiber ports used for one side of a trunk must all be on the same module. However, the 1000BASE-SX and 1000BASE-LX ports used for one side of a trunk may be on any switch in the stack, or both on the same switch if used standalone.
Media Module
100BASE-FX
1000BASE-SX
1000BASE-LX
Any ports on a single module.
Up to four Gigabit ports from any switch in the stack, or both Gigabit ports on two modules installed in a standalone switch.
For example, when using Gigabit ports to form a trunk within a stack, the Gigabit ports will all be at Port 25. In this case, you could specify a trunk group consisting of:
(Unit1-Port25, Unit2-Port25, Unit3-Port25, Unit4-Port25), or two trunks consisting of:
(Unit1-Port25, Unit2-Port25) and (Unit3-Port25, Unit4-Port25).
2-33
Using the System Configuration Program
IGMP Multicast Filtering
Multicasting is used to support real-time applications such as video conferencing or streaming audio. A multicast server does not have to establish a separate connection with each client. It merely broadcasts its service to the network, and any hosts which want to receive the multicast register with their local multicast switch/ router. Although this approach reduces the network overhead required by a multicast server, the broadcast traffic must be carefully pruned at every multicast switch/router it passes through to ensure that traffic is only passed on the hosts which subscribed to this service.
This switch uses IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) to query for any attached hosts who want to receive a specific multicast service. The switch looks up the IP Multicast Group used for this service and adds any port which received a similar request to that group. It then propagates the service request on to any neighboring multicast switch/router to ensure that it will continue to receive the
multicast service. (For more information, see “IGMP Protocol” on page 4-5.)
Configuring IGMP
This protocol allows a host to inform its local switch/router that it wants to receive transmissions addressed to a specific multicast group. You can use the IGMP
Configuration screen to configure multicast filtering shown below.
IGMP Configuration
==================
IGMP Status
IGMP Query Count
: ENABLED
: 2
IGMP Report Delay (Seconds) : 10
<APPLY> <OK> <CANCEL>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select
Parameter
IGMP Status
IGMP Query Count
IGMP Report Delay
Description
If enabled, the switch will monitor network traffic to determine which hosts want to receive multicast traffic. This is also referred to as IGMP Snooping.
The maximum number of queries issued for which there has been no response before the switch takes action to solicit reports. (Range 2 - 10.)
The time (in seconds) between receiving an IGMP Report for an IP multicast address on a port before the switch sends an IGMP Query out that port and removes the entry from its list. (Range 5 - 30.)
Note: The default values are indicated in the sample screen.
2-34
Configuring the Switch
Configuring Broadcast Storm Control
Use the Broadcast Storm Control Configuration screen to enable broadcast storm control for any port on the switch, as shown below.
Broadcast Storm Control Configuration : Unit 1 Port 1 - 12
======================================
Broadcast control on all ports :
Port Threshold
[Enable] [Disable]
Broadcast Control
-------------------------------------------------------
1 500 ENABLED
4
5
2
3
500
500
500
500
ENABLED
ENABLED
ENABLED
ENABLED
10
11
12
8
9
6
7
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
ENABLED
ENABLED
ENABLED
ENABLED
ENABLED
ENABLED
ENABLED
<APPLY> <OK> <CANCEL> <PREV UNIT> <NEXT UNIT> <PREV PAGE> <NEXT PAGE>
Enable Broadcast Control of all ports.
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select
Parameter Description
Broadcast control on all ports Allows you to enable/disable broadcast storm control for all ports on the switch.
Select [Enable] and press <Enter> to enable broadcast control for all ports.
Select [Disable] and press <Enter> to disable broadcast control for all ports.
Threshold The packet-per-second threshold for broadcast packets on the port.
(Default is 500 pps.)
Broadcast Control Enables/disables broadcast control for the port. When enabled, the switch will employ a broadcast-control mechanism if the packet-per-second threshold is exceeded. This mechanism limits the amount of broadcasts passed by the port to half of the received packet-per-second count. The control mechanism remains in effect until the number of received broadcasts falls back below the packet-per-second threshold. (Default is Enabled.)
2-35
Using the System Configuration Program
Configuring Bridge MIB Extensions
The Bridge MIB includes extensions for managed devices that support Traffic
Classes and Virtual LANs. To display and configure these extensions, use the
Extended Bridge Configuration screen as shown below.
Extended Bridge Configuration
=============================
Bridge Capability : (Read Only)
Extended Multicast Filtering Services : NO
Traffic Classes
Static Entry Individual Port
: YES
: YES
VLAN Learning
Configurable PVID Tagging
Local VLAN Capable
: SVL
: YES
: NO
Bridge Settings :
Traffic Classes
GMRP
GVRP
: TRUE
: DISABLED
: DISABLED
<APPLY> <OK> <CANCEL>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, <Space> to scroll options.
Parameter
Bridge Capability
Extended Multicast Filtering
Services
Traffic Classes
Local VLAN Capable
Description
This switch does not support filtering of individual multicast addresses based on GMRP (GARP Multicast Registration Protocol).
This switch provides mapping of user priorities to multiple traffic classes.
(Refer to “802.1P Port Traffic Class Information” on page 2-39.)
Static Entry Individual Port This switch allows static filtering for unicast and multicast addresses. (Refer to Network Monitor Menu / Static Unicast Address Table Configuration and
Static Multicast Address Table Configuration.)
VLAN Learning This switch uses Shared VLAN Learning (SVL), whereby each port maintains its own VLAN filtering database.
Configurable
PVID Tagging
This switch allows you to override the default PVID (Port VLAN ID) assigned
to untagged incoming frames under “802.1Q VLAN Port Configuration” on page 2-44.
This switch does not support multiple local bridges (that is, multiple Spanning
Trees).
Bridge Settings
Traffic Class*
GMRP*
Multiple traffic classes are supported by this switch as indicated under Bridge
Capabilities. However, you can disable this function by setting this parameter to False.
GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) allows network devices to register endstations with multicast groups.
IGMP Snooping is currently used by this switch to provide multicast filtering.
GVRP* GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) defines a way for switches to exchange VLAN information in order to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. This function should be enabled to permit
VLANs groups which extend beyond the local switch.
* Not enabled in this firmware release.
2-36
Configuring the Switch
Configuring Traffic Classes
IEEE 802.1P defines up to 8 separate traffic classes. This switch supports Quality of
Service (QoS) by using two priority queues, with Weighted Fair Queuing for each port. You can use the 802.1P Configuration menu to configure the default priority for each port, or to display the mapping for the traffic classes as described in the following sections.
802.1P Configuration
====================
802.1P Port Priority Configuration ...
802.1P Port Traffic Class Information ...
<OK>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select.
2-37
Using the System Configuration Program
Port Priority Configuration
Inbound frames that do not have any VLAN tags are tagged with the input port’s default VLAN ID (PVID) and the Default Ingress User Priority as shown in the following menu, and then sorted into the appropriate priority queue at the output port. (Note that if the output port is an untagged member of the associated VLAN, these frames are stripped of all VLAN tags prior to transmission.)
The default priority for all ingress ports is zero. Therefore, any inbound frames that do not have priority tags will be placed in the low priority queue of the output port.
You can use the following menu to adjust default ingress priority for any port as shown below.
802.1P Port Priority Configuration : Unit 1 Port 1 - 12
==================================
10
11
12
8
9
6
7
Port Default Ingress
User Priority
Number of Egress
Traffic Class
-----------------------------------------------
1 0 2
4
5
2
3
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
<APPLY> <OK> <CANCEL> <PREV UNIT> <NEXT UNIT> <PREV PAGE> <NEXT PAGE>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes.
Parameter
Port
Description
Numeric identifier for switch port.
Default Ingress User Priority Default ingress priority can be set to any value from 0~7, where 0~3 specifies the low priority queue and 4~7 specifies the high priority queue.
Number of Egress Traffic
Classes
Indicates that this switch supports two priority output queues.
2-38
Configuring the Switch
802.1P Port Traffic Class Information
This switch provides two priority levels with Weighted Fair Queuing for port egress.
This means that any frames with a priority tag from 0~3 are sent to the low priority queue “0” while those from 4~7 are sent to the high priority queue “1” as shown in the following screen.
802.1P Port Traffic Class Information :
=====================================
Unit 1 Port 1 - 12
Port
0 1 2
User Priority
3 4 5 6 7
-----------------------------------------------------
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
6
3
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
8
9
10
11
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
<OK> <PREV UNIT> <NEXT UNIT> <PREV PAGE> <NEXT PAGE>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select.
Parameter
Port
User Priority
Description
Numeric identifier for switch port.
Shows that user priorities 0~3 specify the low priority queue and 4~7 specify the high priority queue.
2-39
Using the System Configuration Program
Configuring Virtual LANs
You can use the VLAN configuration menu to assign any port on the switch to any of up to 256 LAN groups. In conventional networks with routers, broadcast traffic is split up into separate domains. Switches do not inherently support broadcast domains. This can lead to broadcast storms in large networks that handle traffic such as IPX or NetBeui. By using IEEE 802.1Q compliant VLANs, you can organize any group of network nodes into separate broadcast domains, confining broadcast traffic to the originating group. This also provides a more secure and cleaner
network environment. For more information on how to use VLANs, see “Virtual
LANs” on page 4-2. The VLAN configuration screens are described in the following
sections.
802.1Q VLAN Base Information
The 802.1Q VLAN Base Information screen displays basic information on the VLAN type supported by this switch.
802.1Q VLAN Base Information
============================
VLAN Version Number : 1
MAX VLAN ID
MAX Supported VLANs
: 2048
: 256
Current Number of 802.1Q VLANs Configured : 1
Parameter
VLAN Version Number
MAX VLAN ID
MAX Supported VLANs
Current Number of VLANs
Configured
<OK>
<Enter> to select.
Description
The VLAN version used by this switch as specified in the IEEE 802.1Q standard.
Maximum VLAN ID recognized by this switch.
Maximum number of VLANs that can be configured on this switch.
The number of VLANs currently configured on this switch.
2-40
Configuring the Switch
802.1Q VLAN Current Table Information
This screen shows the current port members of each VLAN and whether or not the port supports VLAN tagging. Ports assigned to a large VLAN group that crosses several switches should use VLAN tagging. However, if you just want to create a small port-based VLAN for one or two switches, you can assign ports to the same untagged VLAN. The current configuration is shown in the following screen.
< 802.1Q VLAN Current Table Information >
Deleted VLAN Entry Counts : 0
VID Creation Time Status
----------------------------------------------------------------
1 0 (0 day 0 hr 0 min 0 sec) Permanent
Unit Current Egress Ports
1.
111111111111 111111111111 11--
2.
3.
4.
------------ ------------ ----
------------ ------------ ----
------------ ------------ ----
Sorted by VID : 1
Current Untagged Ports
111111111111 111111111111 11--
------------ ------------ ----
------------ ------------ ----
------------ ------------ ----
Port 1 Port 13 Port 25
[Show] [More]
<Ok>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select
Parameter
Deleted VLAN Entry Counts
VID
Creation Time
Status
Unit
Current Egress Ports
Current Untagged Ports
Sorted by VID
[Show]
[More]
Description
The number of times a VLAN entry has been deleted from this table.
The ID for the VLAN currently displayed.
The value of sysUpTime (System Up Time) when this VLAN was created.
Shows how this VLAN was added to the switch.
Dynamic GVRP: Automatically learned via GVRP.
Permanent: Added as a static entry.
Stack unit.
Shows the ports which have been added to the displayed VLAN group, where
“1” indicates that a port is a member and “0” that it is not.
If a port has been added to the displayed VLAN (see Current Egress Ports), its entry in this field will be “1” if the port is untagged or “0” if tagged.
The VLAN ID number from which the display will start.
Displays the members for the VLAN indicated by the “Sorted by VID” field.
Displays any subsequent VLANs if configured.
2-41
Using the System Configuration Program
802.1Q VLAN Static Table Configuration
Use this screen to create a new VLAN or modify the settings for an existing VLAN.
You can add/delete port members for a VLAN from any unit in the stack as a tagged or untagged member. Or you can prevent a port from being automatically added to a
VLAN by the GVRP protocol.
802.1Q VLAN Static Table Configuration
======================================
VID VLAN Name Status
------------------------------
1 Active
Unit Egress Ports
1.
111111111111 111111111111 11--
2.
3.
4.
------------ ------------ ----
------------ ------------ ----
------------ ------------ ----
Forbidden Egress Ports
000000000000 000000000000 00--
------------ ------------ ----
------------ ------------ ----
------------ ------------ ----
Unit Untagged Ports
1.
111111111111 111111111111 11-VID : 1
2.
3.
4.
------------ ------------ ----
------------ ------------ ----
------------ ------------ ----
[Show]
[More]
[New]
<APPLY> <OK> <CANCEL>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes.
Parameter
VID
Description
The ID for the VLAN currently displayed.
Range: 1-2048
VLAN Name
Status
Unit
[Show]
[More]
A user-specified symbolic name for this VLAN.
String length: Up to 8 alphanumeric characters
Sets the current editing status for this VLAN as: Not in Service, Destroy or Active.
Stack unit.
Egress Ports Set the entry for any port in this field to “1” to add it to the displayed VLAN, or “0” to remove it from the VLAN.
Forbidden Egress Ports Prevents a port from being automatically added to this VLAN via GVRP. Note that
GVRP is not supported in the current firmware release.
Untagged Ports You can add a port to the displayed VLAN as an untagged port by setting this field to “1” or as a tagged port by setting it to “0.” This field is only enabled if the corresponding port has been added to the displayed VLAN as an “Egress Port.”
Use <TAB> or the arrow keys to select this field, then press <Enter> to display settings for the VLAN specified in the VID field immediately above.
Use <TAB> or the arrow keys to select this field, then press <Enter> to display the next consecutively numbered VLAN.
[New] Use <TAB> or the arrow keys to select this field, then press <Enter> to set up the screen for configuring a new VLAN.
2-42
Configuring the Switch
For example, the following screen displays settings for VLAN 2, which includes untagged ports 1-6, and forbidden port 8.
802.1Q VLAN Static Table Configuration
======================================
VID VLAN Name Status
------------------------------
2 Active
Unit Egress Ports
1.
111111000000 000000000000 00--
2.
3.
4.
------------ ------------ ----
------------ ------------ ----
------------ ------------ ----
Forbidden Egress Ports
000000010000 000000000000 00--
------------ ------------ ----
------------ ------------ ----
------------ ------------ ----
Unit Untagged Ports
1.
111111000000 000000000000 00-VID : 2
2.
------------ ------------ ---[Show]
3.
4.
------------ ------------ ---[More]
------------ ------------ ---[New]
<Apply> <Ok> <Cancel>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes.
Notes: 1. To allow this switch to participate in a VLAN group that extends beyond this switch, you must add the VLAN ID for the required external groups.
2. If a removed port is no longer assigned to any other group as an untagged port, it will automatically be assigned to VLAN group 1 as untagged.
2-43
Using the System Configuration Program
802.1Q VLAN Port Configuration
Use this screen to configure port-specific settings for IEEE 802.1Q VLAN features.
802.1Q VLAN Port Configuration : Unit 1 Port 1 - 12
===============================
Port PVID Acceptable Ingress GVRP GVRP Failed GVRP Last
Frame Type Filtering Status Registrations PDU Origin
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
2
1
1
All
All
FALSE
FALSE
DISABLED
DISABLED
0
0
00-00-00-00-00-00
00-00-00-00-00-00
7
8
9
10
3
4
5
6
11
12
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
DISABLED
DISABLED
DISABLED
DISABLED
DISABLED
DISABLED
DISABLED
DISABLED
DISABLED
DISABLED
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00-00-00-00-00-00
00-00-00-00-00-00
00-00-00-00-00-00
00-00-00-00-00-00
00-00-00-00-00-00
00-00-00-00-00-00
00-00-00-00-00-00
00-00-00-00-00-00
00-00-00-00-00-00
00-00-00-00-00-00
<APPLY> <OK> <CANCEL> <PREV UNIT> <NEXT UNIT> <PREV PAGE> <NEXT PAGE>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes.
Parameter
PVID
Acceptable Frame Type
Ingress Filtering
GVRP Status 2
1
1
Description
The VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames received on this port.
This switch accepts “All” frame types, including VLAN tagged or VLAN untagged frames. Note that all VLAN untagged frames received on this port are assigned to the PVID for this port.
If set to “True,” incoming frames for VLANs which do not include this ingress port in their member set will be discarded at the ingress port.
Enables or disables GVRP for this port. When disabled, any GVRP packets received on this port will be discarded and no GVRP registrations will be propagated from other ports.
Note that GVRP must be enabled for the switch before this setting can take effect. (See Device Control Menu / Extended Bridge Configuration.)
GVRP Failed Registrations
GVRP Last PDU Origin 2
2 The total number of failed GVRP registrations, for any reason, on this port.
The Source MAC Address of the last GVRP message received on this port.
1: These controls do not affect VLAN independent BPDU frames, such as GVRP or STP. However, they do affect VLAN dependent BPDU frames, such as GMRP.
2: Not available for the current firmware release.
2-44
Configuring the Switch
Port Security Configuration
Use the Port Security Configuration screen to enable and configure port security for the switch. Port Security allows you to configure each port with a list of MAC addresses of devices that are authorized to access the network through that port.
Port Security Configuration
===========================
MAC Address MAC Address
--------------------------------------------------
Parameter
MAC Address
Secure Address Count
Unit
Port
[Show]
[More]
Mode
[Apply]
MAC
[Add]
[Delete]
[Clear]
Secure address count : 0
Unit
[Show]
: 1
Mode:DISABLE
Port : 1
[More]
[Apply]
MAC : 00-00-00-00-00-00
[Add] [Delete]
[Clear]
<OK>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select
Description
A list of the authorized MAC addresses that can access the network through the specified port.
The number of authorized MAC addresses for the specified port.
The stack unit ID.
The port number on the unit.
Displays authorized MAC addresses for the specified port.
Displays more MAC addresses for the port.
Port security can be set to three states; Static, Disable, or Learning. When set to Static, the switch will drop packets from the port if the source MAC address does not match one of the addresses in the MAC Address list. If set to
Learning, the switch will add the source MAC address of all packets received on the port to the authorized MAC Address list.
Applies a change of Mode to the port.
A specific MAC address to be added or deleted from the list.
Adds a new MAC address to the current list.
Removes a MAC address from the current list.
Clears all the MAC addresses for the current port.
2-45
Using the System Configuration Program
Monitoring the Switch
The Network Monitor Menu provides access to port statistics, RMON statistics, IP multicast addresses, and the static address table. Each of the screens provided by these menus is described in the following sections.
Network Monitor Menu
====================
Port Statistics ...
RMON Statistics ...
Unicast Address Table ...
Multicast Address Registration Table ...
IP Multicast Registration Table ...
Static Unicast Address Table Configuration ...
Static Multicast Address Table Configuration...
<OK>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select.
Menu
Port Statistics
RMON Statistics
Unicast Address Table
Description
Displays statistics on network traffic passing through the selected port.
Displays detailed statistical information for the selected port such as packet type and frame size counters.
Provides full listing of all unicast addresses stored in the switch, as well as sort, search and clear functions.
Displays the ports that belong to each GMRP Multicast group. Multicast Address Registration
Table*
IP Multicast
Registration Table
Displays the ports that belong to each IP Multicast group.
Static Unicast Address Table
Configuration
Static Multicast Address Table
Configuration*
Allows you to display or configure static unicast addresses.
Allows you to display or configure static GMRP multicast addresses.
* Not implemented in this firmware release.
2-46
Monitoring the Switch
Displaying Port Statistics
Port Statistics display key statistics from the Ethernet-like MIB for each port. Error statistics on the traffic passing through each port are displayed. This information can be used to identify potential problems with the switch (such as a faulty port or unusually heavy loading). The values displayed have been accumulated since the last system reboot.
Select the required port. The statistics displayed are indicated in the following figure and table.
Port Statistics : Unit 1 Port
===============
Ether Like Counter :
Alignment Errors
FCS Errors
: 0
: 0
Single Collision Frames : 0
Multiple Collision Frames: 0
SQE Test Errors
Deferred Transmissions
: 0
: 0
1
Late Collisions
Excessive Collisions
: 0
: 0
Internal Mac Transmit Errors: 0
Carrier Sense Errors : 0
Frame Too Longs : 0
Internal Mac Receive Errors : 0
[Refresh Statistics]
[Reset Counters]
Show port : 1
[Show]
<OK> <PREV UNIT> <NEXT UNIT> <PREV PORT> <NEXT PORT>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select
Menu
FCS Errors
Single Collision Frames*
Multiple Collision Frames*
SQE Test Errors*
Deferred Transmissions*
Late Collisions
Excessive Collisions*
Description
The number of frames received that are an integral number of octets in length but do not pass the FCS check.
The number of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission is inhibited by exactly one collision.
A count of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission is inhibited by more than one collision.
A count of times that the SQE TEST ERROR message is generated by the
PLS sublayer.
A count of frames for which the first transmission attempt on a particular interface is delayed because the medium was busy.
The number of times that a collision is detected later than 512 bit-times into the transmission of a packet.
The number of frames for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions.
Internal Mac Transmit Errors* The number of frames for which transmission failed due to an internal MAC sublayer transmit error.
Carrier Sense Errors* The number of times that the carrier sense condition was lost or never asserted when attempting to transmit a frame.
Frames Too Long The number of frames received that exceed the maximum permitted frame size.
2-47
Using the System Configuration Program
Menu
Internal Mac Receive Errors
Description
The number of frames for which reception failed due to an internal MAC sublayer receive error.
* The reported values will always be zero because these statistics are not supported by the internal chip set.
Note: Statistics are automatically refreshed every 5 seconds (see page 2-14).
Displaying RMON Statistics
Use the RMON Statistics screen to display key statistics for each port from RMON group 1. (RMON groups 2, 3 and 9 can only be accessed using SNMP management software.) The following screen displays the overall statistics on traffic passing through each port. RMON statistics provide access to a broad range of statistics, including a total count of different frame types and sizes passing through each port.
Values displayed have been accumulated since the last system reboot.
RMON Statistics : Unit 1 Port
===============
1
Drop Events
Received Bytes
Received Frames
Broadcast Frames
Multicast Frames
: 0
: 0
: 0
: 0
: 0
CRC/Alignment Errors : 0
Undersize Frames : 0
Oversize Frames : 0
Fragments : 0
Jabbers
Collisions
64 Byte Frames
65-127 Byte Frames
128-255 Byte Frames
: 0
: 0
: 0
: 0
: 0
256-511 Byte Frames : 0
512-1023 Byte Frames : 0
1024-1518 Byte Frames : 0
[Refresh Statistics]
[Reset Counters]
<OK> <PREV UNIT> <NEXT UNIT> <PREV PORT>
Show port
[Show]
: 1
<NEXT PORT>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select
Menu
Drop Events
Received Bytes
Received Frames
Broadcast Frames
Multicast Frames
CRC/Alignment Errors
Undersize Frames
Oversize Frames
Fragments
Description
The total number of events in which packets were dropped due to lack of resources.
Total number of bytes of data received on the network. This statistic can be used as a reasonable indication of Ethernet utilization.
The total number of frames (bad, broadcast and multicast) received.
The total number of good frames received that were directed to the broadcast address. Note that this does not include multicast packets.
The total number of good frames received that were directed to this multicast address.
The number of CRC/alignment errors (FCS or alignment errors).
The total number of frames received that were less than 64 octets long
(excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and were otherwise well formed.
The total number of frames received that were longer than 1518 octets
(excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and were otherwise well formed.
The total number of frames received that were less than 64 octets in length
(excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and had either an FCS or alignment error.
2-48
Monitoring the Switch
Menu
Jabbers
Collisions
64 Byte Frames
65-127 Byte Frames
Description
The total number of frames received that were longer than 1518 octets
(excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets), and had either an FCS or alignment error.
The best estimate of the total number of collisions on this Ethernet segment.
The total number of frames (including bad packets) received and transmitted that were 64 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
The total number of frames (including bad packets) received and transmitted that were between 65 and 127 octets in length inclusive (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
128-255 Byte Frames
1024-1518 Byte Frames
The total number of packets (including bad packets) received and transmitted that were between 128 and 255 octets in length inclusive (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
The total number of packets (including bad packets) received and transmitted that were between 1024 and 1518 octets in length inclusive (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Note: Statistics are automatically refreshed every 5 seconds (see page 2-14).
2-49
Using the System Configuration Program
Displaying the Unicast Address Table
The Address Table contains the MAC addresses and VLAN identifier associated with each port (that is, the source port associated with the address and VLAN), sorted by MAC address or VLAN ID. You can search for a specific address, clear the entire address table, or information associated with a specific address, or set the aging time for deleting inactive entries. The information displayed in the Address
Table is indicated in the following figure and table.
Unicast Address Table
=====================
Aging Time : 300
MAC
Dynamic Counts : 173
VID Unit Port Status MAC
Static Counts : 0
VID Unit Port Status
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
00-00-11-11-43-29 1
00-00-E2-12-F9-F8 1
1
1
24
24
D
D
00-00-E8-00-00-03
00-00-E8-00-00-07
1
1
1
1
24
24
D
D
00-00-E2-16-C5-82 1
00-00-E2-20-C3-D5 1
00-00-E2-21-74-D0 1
1
1
1
24
24
24
D
D
D
00-00-E8-00-00-08
00-00-E8-00-00-96
00-00-E8-00-01-01
1
1
1
1
1
1
24
24
24
D
D
D
00-00-E2-2A-59-9A 1
00-00-E2-2E-FD-F6 1
00-00-E8-00-00-02 1
1
1
1
24
24
24
D
D
D
00-00-E8-07-12-5E 1
00-00-E8-11-11-33 1
00-00-E8-12-12-12 1
1
1
1
24
24
24
D
D
D
Sorted by : MAC + VID
VLAN ID : 1
MAC
[Show]
: 00-00-00-00-00-00
[More]
Cleared by : MAC + VID
VLAN ID : 1
MAC
[Clear]
: 00-00-00-00-00-00
[Clear Dynamic]
<Apply> <Ok> <Cancel>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes.
Menu
Aging Time
Dynamic Count
Static Count
MAC
VID
Unit
Port
Status
Description
Time-out period in seconds for aging out dynamically learned forwarding information.
Range: 10 - 415 seconds; Default: 300 seconds
The number of dynamically learned addresses in the table.
The number of static addresses in the table.
The MAC address of a node.
The VLAN(s) associated with this address or port.
Switch unit in the stack (1~6).
The port whose address table includes this MAC address.
Indicates address status as:
D: Dynamically learned, or
P: Fixed permanently by SNMP network management software.
Sorted/Cleared by Selects the primary key used to sort/clear the table: MAC or VID.
[Show] Displays the address table according to the settings on the left-hand side of the screen.
Use <TAB> or the arrow keys to select the “Sorted by” field, then use the <Space bar> to select the primary sort key, MAC or VID. In the VLAN ID field, set the VLAN at which you want the table listing to start. In the MAC field, set the MAC address at which you want the table listing to start. Select the [Show] field and press <Enter> to display the table entries.
[More] Use <TAB> or the arrow keys to select this field, then press <Enter> to scroll through the next page of address table entries for the current settings on the left-hand side of the screen.
2-50
Monitoring the Switch
Menu
[Clear]
[Clear Dynamic]
Description
Clears address table entries according to the settings on the right-hand side of the screen. Use <TAB> or the arrow keys to select the “Cleared by” field, then use the
<Space bar> to select the primary key, MAC or VID. In the VLAN ID field, set the ID to clear the table of all entries in a specific VLAN. In the MAC field, set a specific MAC address to clear from the table. Select the [Clear] field and press <Enter> to remove entries from the table.
Use <TAB> or the arrow keys to select this field and press <Enter> to remove all dynamically learned MAC addresses from the table.
Displaying the IP Multicast Registration Table
Use the IP Multicast Registration Table to display all the multicast groups active on this switch, including multicast IP addresses and the corresponding VLAN ID.
IP Multicast Registration Table
===============================
VID Multicast IP Unit Multicast Group Port Lists Learned by
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sorted by
VID
: VID + Multicast IP
: 1
Multicast IP :
[Show] [More]
<OK>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select
Menu
VID
Multicast IP
Unit
Dynamic Port Lists
Learned by
Sorted by
[Show]
[More]
Description
VLAN ID assigned to this multicast group.
IP address for specific multicast services.
Stack unit.
The switch ports registered for the indicated multicast service.
Indicates the manner in which this address was learned: Dynamic or IGMP.
Selects the primary sort key for displaying table entries. Note that only
VID+Multicast IP is implemented in the current firmware release.
Displays the address table sorted on VID and then Multicast IP.
Scrolls through the entries in the address table.
2-51
Using the System Configuration Program
Configuring Static Unicast Addresses
Use the Static Unicast Address Table Configuration screen to manually configure host MAC addresses in the unicast table. You can use this screen to associate a
MAC address with a specific VLAN ID and switch port as shown below.
Static Unicast Address Table Configuration
==========================================
VID MAC Address Unit Port Status
------------------------------------------------------------
Menu
VID
MAC Address
Unit
Port
Status
Sorted by
[Show]
[More]
[Set]
Sorted by : VID + MAC
VID : 1
MAC : 00-00-00-00-00-00
[Show] [More]
VID
Unit
: 1
: 1
MAC : 00-00-00-00-00-00
Port : 1
Status : Permanent
[Set]
<OK>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select
Description
The VLAN group this port is assigned to.
The MAC address of a host device attached to this switch.
The switch unit the host device is attached to.
The port the host device is attached to.
The status for an entry can be set to:
Permanent This entry is currently in use and will remain so after the next reset of the switch.
DeleteOnReset
Invalid
DeleteOnTimeOut
This entry is currently in use and will remain so until the next reset.
Removes the corresponding entry.
Other
This entry is currently in use and will remain so until
it is aged out. (Refer to “Aging Time” on page 2-50.)
This entry is currently in use but the conditions under which it will remain so differ from the preceding values.
Selects the primary sort key for displaying table entries. Note that only
VID+MAC is implemented in the current firmware release.
Displays the static address table sorted on VID as the primary key and MAC address as secondary key.
Scrolls through entries in the static address table.
Adds the specified entry to the static address table, such as shown in the following example:
VID
Unit
Status
: 1
: 1
MAC : 00-00-00-e8-34-22
Port: 1
: Permanent
2-52
Resetting the System
Resetting the System
Use the Restart command under the Main Menu to reset the management agent.
The reset screen includes options as shown in the following figure and table.
System Restart Menu
===================
Restart Option :
POST : YES
Reload Factory Defaults : NO
Keep IP Setting : NO
Keep User Authentication : NO
[Restart]
Menu
POST
Reload Factory Defaults
Keep IP Setting
Keep User Authentication
[Restart]
<APPLY> <OK> <CANCEL>
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, <Space> to scroll options.
Description
Runs the Power-On Self-Test
Reloads the factory defaults
Retains the settings defined in the IP Configuration menu.
Retains the user names and passwords defined in the Console Login
Configuration menu.
Restarts the switch.
Logging Off the System
Use the Exit command under the Main Menu to exit the configuration program and terminate communications with the switch for the current session.
2-53
Using the System Configuration Program
2-54
Chapter 3: Web-Based Management
Web-Based Configuration and Monitoring
As well as the menu-driven system configuration program, the agent module provides an embedded HTTP Web agent. This agent can be accessed by any computer on the network using a standard Web browser (Internet Explorer 4.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator 4.0 or above).
Using the Web browser management interface you can configure a switch and view statistics to monitor network activity. The Web interface also provides access to a range of SNMP management functions with access to the switch’s MIB and RMON database.
Prior to accessing the switch from a Web browser, be sure you have first performed the following tasks:
1. Configure it with a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway using an out-of-band serial connection or BOOTP protocol.
2. Set the Administrator user name and password using an out-of-band serial connection. Access to the Web agent is controlled by the same Administrator user name and password as the on-board configuration program.
3-1
Web-Based Management
Navigating the Web Browser Interface
To access the Web-browser interface you must first enter a user name and password. The default user name is “admin,” with no password.” The administrator has Read/Write access to all configuration parameters and statistics.
Home Page
When your Web browser connects with the switch’s Web agent, the home page is displayed as shown below. The home page displays the Main Menu on the left-hand side of the screen and System Information on the right-hand side. The Main Menu links are used to navigate to other menus and display configuration parameters and statistical data.
If this is your first time to access the management agent, you should define a new
Administrator password, record it and put it in a safe place. From the Main Menu, select Security and enter a new password for the Administrator. Note that passwords can consist of up to 11 alphanumeric characters and are not case sensitive.
Note: Based on the default configuration, a user is allowed three attempts to enter the correct password; on the third failed attempt the current connection is terminated.
See “Console Login Configuration” on page 2-18.
3-2
Panel Display
Configuration Options
Configurable parameters have a dialog box or a drop-down list. Once a configuration change has been made on a page, be sure to click on the “Apply” button at the bottom of the page to confirm the new setting. The following table summarizes the
Web page configuration buttons.
Button
Apply
Revert
Refresh
Help
Web Page Configuration Buttons
Action
Sets specified values in the management agent.
Cancels specified values prior to pressing the “Apply” button.
Immediately updates values from the management agent.
Provides help on using the Web management interface.
Notes: 1. To ensure proper screen refresh, be sure that Internet Explorer 5.0 is configured as follows: Under the menu “Tools / Internet Options / General /
Temporary Internet Files / Settings,” the setting for item “Check for newer versions of stored pages” should be “Every visit to the page.”
2. When using Internet Explorer 5.0, you may have to manually refresh the screen after making configuration changes by pressing the browser’s refresh button.
Panel Display
The Web agent displays an image of the switch’s ports, showing port links and activity. Clicking on the image of a port displays statistics and configuration information for the port. Clicking on the image of the management module display displays the Console Configuration screen.
3-3
Web-Based Management
Port State Display
Click on any port to display a summary or port status as shown below, as well as
Etherlike statistics (page 3-42) and RMON statistics (page 3-43).
Parameter
Type
Admin Status
Link Status
Speed Status
Duplex Status
Flow Control Status
VLAN
Description
Shows port type as:
10/100TX: 10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX
Shows if the port is enabled, or has been disabled due to abnormal behavior or
for security reasons. See “Port Configuration” on page 3-34.
Indicates if the port has a valid connection to an external device.
Indicates the current port speed.
Indicates the port’s current duplex mode.
Shows the flow control type in use. Flow control can eliminate frame loss by
“blocking” traffic from end stations connected directly to the switch.
The VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames received on this port. You can set the
default Port VLAN ID (PVID) under “VLAN Port Configuration” on page 3-30 to
assign ports to the same untagged VLAN.
3-4
Panel Display
Console Configuration
If you are having difficulties making an out-of-band console connection to the serial port on the agent module, you can display or modify the current settings for the serial port through the Web agent. Click on the management module icon in the switch image to display or configure these settings, as shown below.
Parameter
Baud rate
Default
19200 bps
Time-Out 10 minutes
Data bits
Stop bits
8 bits
1 bit
Parity none
Auto-Refresh Time 5 seconds
Description
The rate at which data is sent between devices.
Options : 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, and auto detection.
Note that when AUTO is selected, you need to first press the Enter key once to set the data rate and initialize the connection.
If no input is received from the attached device after this interval, the current session is automatically closed.
Range : 0 - 100 minutes; 0: disabled
Sets the data bits of the RS-232 port.
Options : 7, 8
Sets the stop bits of the RS-232 port.
Options : 1, 2
Sets the parity of the RS-232 port.
Options : none/odd/even
Sets the interval before a console session will auto refresh the console information, such as Spanning Tree Information, Port
Configuration, Port Statistics, and RMON Statistics.
Range : 5-255 seconds; 0: disabled
3-5
Web-Based Management
Main Menu
Using the on-board Web agent, you can define system parameters, manage and control the switch, the connected stack and all its ports, or monitor network conditions.
The following table briefly describes the selections available from this program.
Menu
System
Switch
IP
SNMP
Security
Upgrade
Configure
Address Table
STA
Bridge Extension
Priority
VLAN
IGMP
Port
Mirror
Trunk
Statistics
Description
Provides basic system description, including contact information.
Shows hardware/firmware version numbers, power status, and expansion modules in use.
Includes boot state, IP address, and the maximum number of Telnet sessions allowed.
Configures communities and trap managers; and activates traps.
Sets password for system access.
Downloads new version of firmware to update your system.
Saves the switch configuration to a file on a TFTP server. This file can be later downloaded to restore the configuration.
Provides full listing of unicast addresses, sorted by address or VLAN.
Enables Spanning Tree Algorithm; also sets parameters for switch priority, hello time, maximum message age, and forward delay; as well as port priority and path cost.
Displays/configures extended bridge capabilities provided by this switch, including support for traffic classes and VLAN extensions.
Configures default port priorities and displays queue assignments.
Configures VLAN group members and other port-specific VLAN settings.
Configures IGMP multicast filtering.
Enables any port, sets communication mode to auto-negotiation, full duplex or half duplex, and enables/disables flow control. Also configures broadcast storm control and port security.
Sets the source and target ports for mirroring.
Specifies ports to group into aggregate trunks.
Displays statistics on network traffic passing through the selected port.
3-6
System Information
System Information
Use the System Information screen to display descriptive information about the switch, or for quick system identification as shown in the following figure and table.
Parameter
System Name*
IP Address
Description
Name assigned to the switch system.
IP address of the agent you are managing. The agent supports SNMP over UDP/
IP transport protocol. In this environment, all systems on the Internet, such as network interconnection devices and any PC accessing the agent (or running management software) must have an IP address. Valid IP addresses consist of four decimal numbers, of 0 to 255, separated by periods. Anything outside of this format will not be accepted by the configuration program.
*
Object ID
Location*
Contact *
System Up Time
MIB II object identifier for switch’s network management subsystem.
Specifies the area or location where the system resides.
Contact person for the system.
Length of time the current management agent has been running.
Maximum string length is 255, but the screen only displays 45 characters. You can use the arrow keys to browse the whole string.
3-7
Web-Based Management
Switch Information
Use the Switch Information screen to display hardware/firmware version numbers for the main board, as well as the power status and modules plugged into the system.
Main Board
Parameter
Serial Number
Number of Ports
Hardware Version
Description
Serial number of the main board.
Number of switch ports (including modules).
Hardware version of the main board.
Firmware Version
Internal Power Status
Main board system firmware version in ROM.
Power status for the switch.
Redundant Power Status Redundant power status for the switch.
Agent Module
Parameter
Hardware Version
POST ROM Version
Firmware Version
Role
Description
Hardware version of the agent module.
Agent module’s Power-On Self-Test version.
Agent module’s firmware version.
Shows if this module is Master or Slave.
3-8
Switch Information
Expansion Slot
Parameter
Expansion Slot 1
Expansion Slot
Description
Shows module type if inserted (100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-SX or 1000BASE-LX).
2-Port 100Base-FX-SC(MMF) : 100BASE-FX (multimode)
1-Port 1000Base-SX-SC
1-Port 1000Base-LX-SC
: 1000BASE-SX (multimode)
: 1000BASE-LX (singlemode)
Shows module type if inserted (100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX or
Stacking).
2-Port 100Base-FX-SC(MMF) : 100BASE-FX (multimode)
1-Port 1000Base-SX-SC
1-Port 1000Base-LX-SC
Stacking Module
: 1000BASE-SX (multimode)
: 1000BASE-LX (singlemode)
3-9
Web-Based Management
IP Configuration
Use the IP Configuration screen to set the bootup option, configure the IP address for the on-board management agent, or set the number or concurrent Telnet sessions allowed. The screen shown below is described in the following table.
Parameter
IP State
IP Address
Subnet Mask
Gateway IP Address
255.255.0.0
MAC Address
Maximum Number of Telnet Sessions
4
Default
USER-CONFIG
10.1.0.1
Description
Specifies whether IP functionality is enabled via manual configuration, or set by Boot Protocol (BOOTP). Options include:
USER-CONFIG - IP functionality is enabled based on the default or user specified IP Configuration. (This is the default setting.)
BOOTP Get IP - IP is enabled but will not function until a BOOTP reply has been received. BOOTP requests will be periodically broadcast by the switch in an effort to learn its IP address. (BOOTP values can include the IP address, default gateway, and subnet mask.)
IP address of the switch you are managing. The switch supports
SNMP over UDP/IP transport protocol. In this environment, all systems on the Internet, such as network interconnection devices and any PC accessing the on-board agent (or running management software) are assigned an IP address. Valid IP addresses consist of four decimal numbers, of 0 to 255, separated by periods.
Anything outside of this format will not be accepted by the configuration program.
Subnet mask of the switch you have selected. This mask identifies the host address bits used for routing to specific subnets.
Gateway used to pass trap messages from the switch to the management station. Note that the gateway must be defined if the management station is located in a different IP segment.
Physical address of the agent module.
Sets the number of concurrent Telnet sessions allowed to access the agent.
3-10
SNMP Configuration
SNMP Configuration
Use the SNMP Configuration screen to display and modify parameters for the
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). The stack should include an SNMP agent module which monitors the status of its hardware, as well as the traffic passing through its ports. A computer attached to the network, called a Network
Management Station (NMS), can be used to access this information. Access rights to the agent module are controlled by community strings. To communicate with the switch, the NMS must first submit a valid community string for authentication. The options for configuring community strings and related trap functions are described in the following figures and table.
SNMP Community
The following figure and table describe how to configure the community strings authorized for management access. Up to 5 community names may be entered.
Parameter
SNMP Community
Capability
Community String
Access Mode
Add/Remove
Description
Up to 5 community strings may be used.
A community entry authorized for management access. (The maximum string length is 20 characters.)
Management access is restricted to Read Only or Read/Write.
Add/remove strings from the active list.
3-11
Web-Based Management
Trap Managers
The following figure and table describe how to specify management stations that will receive authentication failure messages or other trap messages from the switch. Up to 5 trap managers may be entered.
Parameter Description
Trap Manager Capability Up to 5 trap managers may be used.
IP address of the trap manager.
Trap Manager
IP Address
Trap Manager Community
String
Add/Remove
A community authorized to receive trap messages.
Enable Authentication
Traps
Add/remove strings from the active list.
Issues a trap message to specified IP trap managers whenever authentication of an SNMP request fails.
Default: enabled
Security Configuration
Use the Security Configuration screen to restrict management access based on a specified password. The Administrator has write access for parameters governing the SNMP agent. You should therefore assign a password to the default
Administrator as soon as possible, and store it in a safe place. (If for some reason your password is lost, or you cannot gain access to the system’s configuration program, contact Accton Technical Support for assistance.)
Change Password
This password is for the system Administrator, with access privilege of Read/Write for all screens. Passwords can consist of up to 11 alphanumeric characters and are not case sensitive. (The default user name is "admin," with no password.)
3-12
Firmware Upgrade Options
Firmware Upgrade Options
You can upgrade system firmware via a Web browser, a TFTP server, or a direct connection to the console port.
Web Upload Management
Use the Web Upload Management menu to load software updates into the switch.
The upload file should be an CheetahSwtich Workgroup-3726M binary file from
Accton; otherwise the agent will not accept it. The success of the upload operation depends on the quality of the network connection. After uploading the new software, the agent will automatically restart itself. Parameters shown on this screen are indicated in the following figure and table.
Parameter
Upload Mode
File Name
Start Web Upload
Description
Uploads to permanent flash ROM.
The binary file to download. Use the Browse button to locate the file on your local network.
Starts uploading the file over the network.
TFTP Download Management
Use the TFTP Download Management menu to load software updates into the switch.
The download file should be an CheetahSwtich Workgroup-3726M binary file from
Accton; otherwise the agent will not accept it. The success of the download operation depends on the accessibility of the TFTP server and the quality of the network connection. After downloading the new software, the agent will automatically restart itself. Parameters shown on this screen are indicated in the following figure and table.
Parameter
Server IP Address
Download Mode
File Name
Start TFTP Download
Description
IP address of a TFTP server.
The system downloads to permanent flash ROM.
The binary file to download.
Issues request to TFTP server to download the specified file.
3-13
Web-Based Management
Configuration Save and Restore
Use the Configure screen to save the switch configuration settings to a file on a
TFTP server. The file can be later downloaded to the switch to restore the switch’s settings. The success of the operation depends on the accessibility of the TFTP server and the quality of the network connection.
Configuration Upload Management
Use the Configuration Upload Management to save the switch configuration to a file on a TFTP sever. Parameters shown on this screen are indicated in the following figure and table.
Parameter
Server IP Address
File Name
Start Configuration
TFTP Upload
Description
IP address of a TFTP server.
The name of the file to contain the switch configuration settings.
Issues a request to upload the configuration settings to the specified file on the TFTP server.
Configuration Download Management
Use the Configuration Download Management to restore switch configuration settings from a file on a TFTP sever. Parameters shown on this screen are indicated in the following figure and table.
Parameter
Server IP Address
File Name
Start Configuration
TFTP Download
Description
IP address of a TFTP server.
The name of the file that contains the switch configuration settings you wish to restore.
Issues a request to the TFTP server to download the specified file.
3-14
Address Table Configuration
Address Table Configuration
The Address Table contains the unicast MAC addresses and VLAN identifier associated with each port (that is, the source port), sorted by MAC address or
VLAN. You can also clear the entire address table, or information associated with a specific address; or set the aging time for deleting inactive entries. The information displayed in the Address Table is indicated in the following figure and table.
Parameter
Aging Time
Dynamic Address Counts
Static Address Counts
Address Table Sort Key
Address Table
New Static Address
Add/Remove
Clear Table
Description
Time-out period in seconds for aging out dynamically learned forwarding information.
Range: 10 - 415 secs; default: 300 secs.
The number of dynamically learned addresses.
The number of statically configured addresses.
Entries can be sorted by address or VLAN ID.
The system displays the MAC address of each node, and the port whose address table includes this MAC address, the associated VLAN(s), and the address status (i.e., dynamic or static).
Use these fields to add or remove a static entry to the address table. Indicate the address, stack unit, port and VLAN group when adding a new entry.
Adds/removes the selected address.
Removes all addresses from the address table.
3-15
Web-Based Management
Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA)
The Spanning Tree Algorithm can be used to detect and disable network loops, and to provide backup links between switches, bridges or routers. This allows the switch to interact with other bridging devices (that is, STA-compliant switch, bridge or router) in your network to ensure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network. For a more detailed description of how to use this algorithm, refer to
“Spanning Tree Algorithm” on page 4-1.
Spanning Tree Information
The Spanning Tree Information screen displays a summary of the STA information for the overall bridge or for a specific port. To make any changes to the parameters for the Spanning Tree, use the Spanning Tree Configuration menu.
Spanning Tree
The parameters shown in the following figure and table describe the current bridge
STA Information.
Parameter
Spanning Tree State
Bridge ID
Max Age
Hello Time
Forward Delay
Designated Root
Root Port
Root Path Cost
Configuration Changes
Last Topology Change
Description
Shows if the switch is enabled to participate in an STA-compliant network.
A unique identifier for this bridge, consisting of bridge priority plus MAC address (where the address is normally taken from the agent).
The maximum time (in seconds) a device can wait without receiving a configuration message before attempting to reconfigure.
The time interval (in seconds) at which the root device transmits a configuration message.
The maximum time (in seconds) the root device will wait before changing states (i.e., listening to learning to forwarding).
The priority and MAC address of the device in the spanning tree that this switch has accepted as the root device.
The number of the port on this switch that is closest to the root. This switch communicates with the root device through this port. If there is no root port, then this switch has been accepted as the root device of the spanning tree network.
The path cost from the root port on this switch to the root device.
The number of times the spanning tree has been reconfigured.
The time since the spanning tree was last reconfigured.
3-16
Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA)
Ports
The parameters shown in the following figure and table are for port STA Information.
Parameter
Port Status
Description
Displays the current state of this port within the spanning tree:
No Link
Disabled
Blocked
No link has been established on this port.
Port has been disabled by the user or has failed diagnostics.
Listening
Port receives STA configuration messages, but does not forward packets.
Port will leave blocking state due to topology change, starts transmitting configuration messages, but does not yet forward packets.
Learning Port has transmitted configuration messages for an interval set by the Forward Delay parameter without receiving contradictory information. Port address table is cleared, and the port begins learning addresses.
Forwarding The port forwards packets, and continues learning addresses.
The rules defining port status are:
• A port on a network segment with no other STA compliant bridging device is always forwarding.
• If two ports of a switch are connected to the same segment and there is no other
STA device attached to this segment, the port with the smaller ID forwards packets and the other is blocked.
• All ports are blocked when the switch is booted, then some of them change state to listening, to learning, and then to forwarding.
Forward Transitions The number of times the port has changed status to forwarding state.
Designated Cost The cost for a packet to travel from this port to the root in the current spanning tree configuration. The slower the media, the higher the cost.
Designated Bridge
Designated Port
The priority and MAC address of the device through which this port must communicate to reach the root of the spanning tree.
The priority and number of the port on the designated bridging device through which this switch must communicate with the root of the spanning tree.
3-17
Web-Based Management
Spanning Tree Configuration
The following figures and tables describe Bridge STA configuration.
Switch
Parameter
Usage
Priority
Default
Enabled
32,768
Description
Enable this parameter to participate in an STA compliant network.
Device priority is used in selecting the root device, root port, and designated port. The device with the highest priority becomes the STA root device. (Remember that the lower the numeric value, the higher the priority.) However, if all devices have the same priority, the device with the lowest MAC address will then become the root device.
Range: 0 - 65535
When the Switch Becomes Root
Parameter
Hello Time
Default
2
Max (Message)
Age
Forward Delay
20
15
Description
The time interval (in seconds) at which the root device transmits a configuration message.
The minimum value is 1.
The maximum value is the lower of 10 or [(Max. Message Age / 2) -1].
The maximum time (in seconds) a device can wait without receiving a configuration message before attempting to reconfigure. All device ports
(except for designated ports) should receive configuration messages at regular intervals. Any port that ages out STA information (provided in the last configuration message) becomes the designated port for the attached
LAN. If it is a root port, a new root port is selected from among the device ports attached to the network.
The minimum value is the higher of 6 or [2 x (Hello Time + 1)].
The maximum value is the lower of 40 or [2 x (Forward Delay - 1)].
The maximum time (in seconds) the root device will wait before changing states (i.e., listening to learning to forwarding). This delay is required because every device must receive information about topology changes before it starts to forward frames. In addition, each port needs time to listen for conflicting information that would make it return to a blocking state; otherwise, temporary data loops might result.
Maximum value is 30.
Minimum value is the higher of 4 or [(Max. Message Age / 2) + 1].
3-18
Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA)
STA Port Configuration
The following figure and table describe STA configuration for ports or modules.
Parameter
Fast Forwarding
Mode (All Ports)
Priority
Path Cost
Fast Forward
Default
Enabled
128
100/19/4
Enabled
Description
See “Fast Forward” in this table.
Defines the priority for the use of a port in the STA algorithm. If the path cost for all ports on a switch are the same, the port with the highest priority (i.e., lowest value) will be configured as an active link in the spanning tree. Where more than one port is assigned the highest priority, the port with lowest numeric identifier will be enabled.
The range is 0 - 255.
This parameter is used by the STA algorithm to determine the best path between devices. Therefore, lower values should be assigned to ports attached to faster media, and higher values assigned to ports with slower media.
The default and recommended range is:
Standard Ethernet:
Fast Ethernet:
Gigabit Ethernet:
100 (50~600)
19 (10~60)
4 (3~10)
The full range is 1 - 65535.
Note: Path cost takes precedence over port priority.
This enables/disables Fast Forwarding for the selected port. In this mode, ports skip the Blocked, Listening and Learning states and proceed straight to Forwarding. Fast Forwarding enables end-node workstations and servers to overcome time-out problems when the Spanning Tree
Algorithm is implemented in a network. Therefore, Fast Forwarding should only be enabled for ports that are connected to an end-node device.
3-19
Web-Based Management
Configuring Bridge MIB Extensions
The Bridge MIB includes extensions for managed devices that support Traffic
Classes and Virtual LANs. To display and configure these extensions, use the
Bridge Extension screen as shown below:
Bridge Capability
Parameter
Extended Multicast
Filtering Services*
Traffic Classes
Description
Enables filtering of individual multicast addresses based on GMRP (GARP Multicast
Registration Protocol).
Static Entry Individual
Port
VLAN Learning
Configurable
PVID Tagging
This switch provides mapping of user priorities to multiple traffic classes. (Refer to
the Priority menu on page 3-22.)
This switch enables static filtering for unicast and multicast addresses. (Refer to the
Address Table Configuration on page 3-15.)
This switch uses Shared VLAN Learning (SVL), whereby each port maintains its own
VLAN filtering database.
This switch allows you to override the default PVID (Port VLAN ID) assigned to
untagged incoming frames under VLAN Port Configuration on page 3-30.
Local VLAN Capable* A local bridge (that is, dedicated Spanning Tree) is applied to each individual VLAN.
* These functions are not available for the current firmware release.
3-20
Configuring Bridge MIB Extensions
Bridge Settings
Parameter
Traffic Classes*
GMRP*
Description
Multiple traffic classes are supported by this switch as indicated under Bridge
Capabilities. However, you can disable this function by clearing the check box for this parameter.
GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) allows network devices to register endstations with multicast groups.
IGMP Snooping is currently used by this switch to provide automatic multicast filtering.
GVRP* GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) defines a way for switches to exchange
VLAN information in order to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. This function should be enabled to permit VLANs groups which extend beyond the local switch.
* These functions are not available for the current firmware release.
3-21
Web-Based Management
Priority
IEEE 802.1P defines up to 8 separate traffic classes. This switch supports Quality of
Service (QoS) by using two priority queues, with Weighted Fair Queuing for each port. You can use the Priority Menu to configure the default priority for each port, or to display the mapping for the traffic classes.
Port Priority Configuration
Inbound frames that do not have any VLAN tags are tagged with the input port’s default VLAN ID (PVID) and the default ingress user priority as shown in the following screen, and then sorted into the appropriate priority queue at the output port. (Note that if the output port is an untagged member of the associated VLAN, these frames are stripped of all VLAN tags prior to transmission.)
The default priority for all ingress ports is zero. Therefore, any inbound frames that do not have priority tags will be placed in the low priority queue of the output port.
You can use the Port Priority Configuration screen to adjust default priority for any port as shown below.
Parameter
Port
Default Ingress
User Priority
Number of Egress Traffic
Classes
Description
Numeric identifier for switch port.
Default priority can be set to any value from 0~7, where 0~3 specifies the low priority queue and 4~7 specifies the high priority queue.
Indicates that this switch supports two priority output queues.
3-22
Priority
Port Traffic Class Information
This switch provides two priority levels with Weighted Fair Queuing for port egress.
This means that any frames with a default or user priority from 0~3 are sent to the low priority queue “0” while those from 4~7 are sent to the high priority queue “1” as shown in the following screen.
Parameter
Port
User Priority
Class Range
Description
Numeric identifier for switch port.
Shows that user priorities 0~3 specify the low priority queue and 4~7 specify the high priority queue.
The priority queue classes available on this switch.
3-23
Web-Based Management
Configuring Virtual LANs
You can use the VLAN configuration menu to assign any port on the switch to any of up to 256 LAN groups. In conventional networks with routers, broadcast traffic is split up into separate domains. Switches do not inherently support broadcast domains. This can lead to broadcast storms in large networks that handle a lot of
NetBeui or IPX traffic. By using IEEE 802.1Q compliant VLANs, you can organize any group of network nodes into separate broadcast domains, confining broadcast traffic to the originating group. This also provides a more secure and cleaner
network environment. For more information on how to use VLANs, refer to “Virtual
LANs” on page 4-2. The VLAN configuration screens are described in the following
sections.
VLAN Basic Information
The VLAN Basic Information screen displays basic information on the VLAN type supported by this switch.
Parameter
VLAN Version Number
Description
The VLAN version used by this switch as specified in the IEEE 802.1Q standard.
MAX VLAN ID Maximum VLAN ID recognized by this switch.
MAX Supported VLANs Maximum number of VLANs that can be configured on this switch.
Current Number of VLANs
Configured
The number of VLANs currently configured on this switch.
3-24
Configuring Virtual LANs
VLAN Current Table
This screen shows the current port members of each VLAN and whether or not the port supports VLAN tagging. Ports assigned to a large VLAN group that crosses several switches should use VLAN tagging. However, if you just want to create a small port-based VLAN for one or two switches, you can assign ports to the same untagged VLAN. The current configuration is shown in the following screen.
Parameter Description
VLAN Entry Delete Count The number of times a VLAN entry has been deleted from this table.
VLAN ID
Up Time at Creation
Status
The ID for the VLAN currently displayed.
The value of System Up Time (sysUpTime) when this VLAN was created.
Shows how this VLAN was added to the switch.
Dynamic GVRP: Automatically learned via GVRP.
Permanent: Added as a static entry.
Egress Ports
Untagged Ports
Shows the ports which have been added to the displayed VLAN group.
Shows the untagged VLAN port members.
3-25
Web-Based Management
VLAN Static List
Use this screen to create or remove VLAN groups.
Parameter
Current
New
Status
Add
Remove
Description
Lists all the current VLAN groups created for this system. Up to 256 VLAN groups can be defined.
To allow this switch to participate in a VLAN group that extends beyond this switch, you must add the VLAN ID for the required external groups.
Allows you to specify the name and numeric identifier for a new VLAN group. (The
VLAN name is only used for management on this system; it is not added to the
VLAN tag.)
Enables/disables the specified VLAN.
Adds a new VLAN group to the current list.
Removes a VLAN group from the current list.
If a removed port is no longer be assigned to any other group as an untagged port, it will automatically be assigned to VLAN group 1 as untagged.
3-26
Configuring Virtual LANs
VLAN Static Table
Use this screen to modify the settings for an existing VLAN. You can add/delete port members for a VLAN from any unit in the stack. (Note that VLAN 1 is fixed as an untagged VLAN containing all ports in the stack, and cannot be modified via this screen.)
Parameter
VLAN
Name
Description
The ID for the VLAN currently displayed.
Range: 1-2048
A user-specified symbolic name for this VLAN.
String length: 8 alphanumeric characters
Enables/disables the specified VLAN.
Status
Use the following menu to add or remove a port to the displayed VLAN group. As you can see from this example, all ports are included in VLAN 1 by default.
Parameter
Egress Ports
Add
Remove
Description
Displays lists of the members and non-members of the specified VLAN.
Adds the port selected in the non-members list to the VLAN members list.
Removes the port selected in VLAN members list and places it in the non-members list.
Note: If a removed port is no longer assigned to any other group as an untagged port, it will automatically be assigned to VLAN group 1 as untagged.
3-27
Web-Based Management
Use the menu shown below to prevent a port from being dynamically added to the displayed VLAN group through GVRP.
Parameter
Forbidden Egress Ports Prevents a port from being automatically added to this VLAN via GVRP. Note that
GVRP is not supported by the current firmware version.
Add
Remove
Description
Adds the port selected in the non-members list to the members list.
Removes the port selected in the members list and places it in the non-members list.
Use the menu shown below to assign ports to the specified VLAN group as an IEEE
802.1Q tagged or untagged port. Assign ports as tagged if they are connected to
802.1Q VLAN compliant devices, or untagged if they are connected to
VLAN-unaware devices.
Parameter
Untagged Ports
Add
Remove
Description
Adds an authorized egress port to the displayed VLAN as an untagged port.
Adds the port selected in the non-members list to the members list.
Removes the port selected in the members list and places it in the non-members list.
Note: If a removed port is no longer assigned to any other group as an untagged port, it will automatically be assigned to VLAN group 1 as untagged.
3-28
Configuring Virtual LANs
VLAN Static Membership by Port
Use the screen shown below to assign VLAN groups to the selected port. To perform
detailed port configuration for a specific VLAN, use the VLAN Static Table (page
Parameter
Port Number
Add/Remove
Description
Port number on the switch selected from the upper display panel.
Add or remove selected VLAN groups for the port indicated in the Port Number field.
3-29
Web-Based Management
VLAN Port Configuration
Use this screen to configure port-specific settings for IEEE 802.1Q VLAN features.
Parameter
PVID
Description
The VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames received on this port. Use the PVID to assign ports to the same untagged VLAN.
Acceptable Frame Type This switch accepts “All” frame types, including VLAN tagged or VLAN untagged frames. Note that all VLAN untagged frames received on this port are assigned to the PVID for this port.
Ingress Filtering If set to “True,” incoming frames for VLANs which do not include this port in their member set will be discarded at the inbound port.
GVRP Status* Enables or disables GVRP for this port. When disabled, any GVRP packets received on this port will be discarded and no GVRP registrations will be propagated from other ports.
GVRP Failed
Registrations*
Note that GVRP must be enabled for the switch before this setting to take effect.
(See “Configuring Bridge MIB Extensions” on page 3-20.)
The total number of failed GVRP registrations, for any reason, on this port.
GVRP Last PDU Origin* The Source MAC Address of the last GVRP message received on this port.
* GVRP is not available for the current firmware release.
3-30
IGMP Multicast Filtering
IGMP Multicast Filtering
Multicasting is used to support real-time applications such as video conferencing or streaming audio. A multicast server does not have to establish a separate connection with each client. It merely broadcasts its service to the network, and any hosts that want to receive the multicast register with their local multicast switch/ router. Although this approach reduces the network overhead required by a multicast server, the broadcast traffic must be carefully pruned at every multicast switch/router it passes through to ensure that traffic is only passed on the hosts which subscribed to this service.
This switch uses IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) to query for any attached hosts who want to receive a specific multicast service. The switch looks up the IP Multicast Group used for this service and adds any port that received a similar request to that group. It then propagates the service request on to any neighboring multicast switch/router to ensure that it will continue to receive the multicast service.
(For more information, see “IGMP Protocol” on page 4-5.)
Configuring IGMP
This protocol allows a host to inform its local switch/router that it wants to receive transmissions addressed to a specific multicast address group. Use the IGMP
Configuration screen to set key parameters for multicast filtering as shown below.
Parameter
IGMP Status
Description
If enabled, the switch will monitor network traffic to determine which hosts want to receive multicast traffic.
IGMP Query Count
IGMP Report Delay
The maximum number of queries issued for which there has been no response before the switch takes action to solicit reports.
The time (in seconds) between receiving an IGMP Report for an IP multicast address on a port before the switch sends an IGMP Query out that port and removes the entry from its list.
* This function is not available for the current firmware release.
Note: The default values are indicated in the sample screen.
3-31
Web-Based Management
IP Multicast Registration Table
Use the IP Multicast Registration Table to display all the multicast groups active on this switch, including multicast IP addresses and the corresponding VLAN ID.
Parameter
VLAN ID
Multicast IP Address
Learned by
Multicast Group Port Lists
Description
VLAN ID assigned to this multicast group.
IP address for specific multicast services.
Indicates the manner in which this address was learned: Dynamic or IGMP.
The switch ports registered for the indicated multicast service.
3-32
Port Menus
Port Menus
Port Information
The Port Information screen displays the port status, link state, the communication speed and duplex mode, as well as the flow control in use. To change any of the port settings, use the Port Configuration menu. The parameters are shown in the following figure and table.
Parameter
Admin Status
Link Status
Speed Status
Duplex Status
Flow Control Status
Description
Shows if the port is enabled or not.
Indicates if the port has a valid connection to an external device.
Shows the port speed (10M, 100M or 1000M).
Displays the current duplex mode.
Shows the flow control type in use. Flow control can eliminate frame loss by
“blocking” traffic from end stations connected directly to the switch. Back pressure is used for half duplex and IEEE 802.3x for full duplex. Note that flow control should not be used if a port is connected to a hub.
3-33
Web-Based Management
Port Configuration
Use the Port Configuration menu to configure any port on the switch.
Parameter
Flow control mode
(on all ports)
Admin Status
Default
Disabled
Enable
Speed/Duplex Status Auto-
Negotiation
Flow Control Status Disabled
Description
See “Flow Control Status” in this table.
Allows you to disable a port due to abnormal behavior, and then re-enable it after the problem has been resolved. You may also disable a port for security reasons.
Used to set the current port speed, duplex mode, flow control, and auto-negotiation.
Auto-negotiation is the default setting for 10BASE-T/
100BASE-TX.
Used to enable or disable flow control. Flow control can eliminate frame loss by “blocking” traffic from end stations or segments connected directly to the switch when its buffers fill. Back pressure is used for half duplex and IEEE 802.3x for full duplex.
Note that flow control should not be used if a port is connected to a hub.
3-34
Port Menus
Expansion Port Information
The Expansion Port Information screen displays the port status, link state, the communication speed and duplex mode, as well as the flow control in use. To change any of the port settings, use the Expansion Port Configuration menu. The parameters shown in the following figure and table are for expansion ports.
Parameter
Admin Status
Link Status
Duplex Status
Flow Control Status
Description
Shows if the port is enabled or not.
Indicates if the port has a valid connection to an external device.
Displays the current duplex mode.
Shows the flow control type in use. Flow control can eliminate frame loss by
“blocking” traffic from end stations connected directly to the switch. Back pressure is used for half duplex and IEEE 802.3x for full duplex. Note that flow control should not be used if a port is connected to a hub.
3-35
Web-Based Management
Expansion Port Configuration
Use the Expansion Port Configuration menus to configure any module port on the switch.
Parameter
Admin Status
Duplex Status
Flow Control Status
Default
Enable
Auto-
Negotiation
Disabled
Description
Allows you to disable a port due to abnormal behavior, and then re-enable it after the problem has been resolved. You may also disable a port for security reasons.
Used to set the current port speed, duplex mode, flow control, and autonegotiation.
Port Type
100BASE-FX
Speed
100M
Duplex Mode Flow Control full duplex
1000BASE-SX 1000M auto
1000BASE-LX 1000M auto auto auto auto
The 1000BASE-SX and 1000BASE-LX ports are fixed at
1000 Mbps but autonegotiate duplex mode. The 100BASE-FX module is fixed at the indicated speed and duplex mode. All media types can autonegotiate flow control.
Used to enable or disable flow control. Flow control can eliminate frame loss by “blocking” traffic from end stations or segments connected directly to the switch when its buffers fill. Back pressure is used for half duplex and IEEE 802.3x for full duplex.
Note that flow control should not be used if a port is connected to a hub.
3-36
Port Menus
Port Broadcast Storm Protect Configuration
Use the Port Broadcast Storm Protect Configuration screen to configure broadcast storm control for any port on the switch.
Parameter
Broadcast Storm
Protect Mode
Protect Status
Default
Enabled
Enabled
Threshold 500
Description
Allows you to enable/disable broadcast storm control for all ports on the switch.
Enables/disables broadcast control for the port. When enabled, the switch will employ a broadcast-control mechanism if the packet-per-second threshold is exceeded. This mechanism limits the amount of broadcasts passed by the port to half of the received packet-per-second count. The control mechanism remains in effect until the number of received broadcasts falls back below the packet-per-second threshold.
The packet-per-second threshold for broadcast packets on the port.
3-37
Web-Based Management
Port Security Configuration
Use the Port Security Configuration screen to enable and configure port security for the switch. Port Security allows you to configure each port with a list of MAC addresses of devices that are authorized to access the network through that port.
Parameter
Port Number
Status
MAC Address List
New Address
Add
Remove
Clear All
Description
The port number on the unit.
Port security can set to three states; Enabled, Disabled, or Learning. When set to Enabled, the switch will drop packets from the port if the source MAC address does not match one of the addresses in the MAC Address list. If set to
Learning, the switch will add the source MAC address of all packets received on the port to the authorized MAC Address list.
A list of the authorized MAC addresses that can access the network through the specified port.
A specific MAC address to be added to the list.
Adds a new specified MAC address to the current list.
Removes a MAC address from the current list.
Clears all the MAC addresses for the current port.
3-38
Using a Port Mirror for Analysis
Using a Port Mirror for Analysis
You can mirror traffic from any source port to a target port for real-time analysis. You can then attach a network sniffer or RMON probe to the target port and study the traffic crossing the source port in a completely unobtrusive manner. When mirroring port traffic, note that the target port must be included in the same VLAN as the
source port. (See “VLAN Static List” on page 3-26.)
You can use the port mirror configuration screen to designate a single port pair for mirroring as shown below.
Parameter
Status
Mirror Source Unit
Mirror Source Port
Mirror Target Unit
Mirror Target Port
Description
Enables/disables port mirroring.
The switch containing the mirror source port.
The port whose traffic will be monitored.
The switch containing the mirror target port.
The port that will duplicate or “mirror” all the traffic happening on the monitored port.
3-39
Web-Based Management
Port Trunk Configuration
Port trunks can be used to increase the bandwidth of a network connection or to ensure fault recovery. You can configure up five trunk connections (combining 2~4 ports into a fat pipe) between any two standalone CheetahSwtich Workgroup-3726M switches, or up to 12 for an entire stack. However, before making any physical connections between devices, use the Trunk Configuration menu to specify the trunk on the devices at both ends. When using a port trunk, note that:
• The ports used in a trunk must all be of the same media type (RJ-45, 100 Mbps fiber, 1000BASE-SX or 1000BASE-LX). The ports that can be assigned to the same trunk have certain other restrictions as described on the following page.
• Ports can only be assigned to one trunk.
• The ports at both ends of a connection must be configured as trunk ports.
• The ports at both ends of a trunk must be configured in an identical manner, including speed, duplex mode, and VLAN assignments.
• None of the ports in a trunk can be configured as a mirror source port or mirror target port.
• All the ports in a trunk have to be treated as a whole when moved from/to, added or deleted from a VLAN.
• The Spanning Tree Algorithm will treat all the ports in a trunk as a whole.
• Enable the trunk prior to connecting any cable between the switches to avoid creating a loop.
• Disconnect all trunk port cables or disable the trunk ports before removing a port trunk to avoid creating a loop.
3-40
Port Trunk Configuration
Use the Port Trunking Configuration screen to set up port trunks as shown below:
Parameter
Trunk
Status
Member List
Description
A unique identifier for this trunk. You can configure up to five trunks per switch.
Enables or disables the displayed trunk.
You can create up to 12 trunks for the entire stack by specifying the trunk identifier, switch unit and port number, and then clicking on the “Add” button. Each trunk can contain from 2 to 4 ports.
The RJ-45 ports used for one side of a trunk must all be on the same internal switch chip. The port groups permitted include:
Group 1
1, 2, 3, 4,
13, 14, 15, 16
Group 2
5, 6, 7, 8,
17, 18, 19, 20
Group 3
9, 10, 11, 12,
21, 22, 23, 24
The 100BASE-FX fiber ports used for one side of a trunk must all be on the same module. However, the 1000BASE-SX and 1000BASE-LX ports used for one side of a trunk may be on any switch in the stack, or both on the same switch if used standalone.
Media Module
100BASE-FX
1000BASE-SX
1000BASE-LX
Any ports on a single module.
Up to four Gigabit ports from any switch in the stack, or both Gigabit ports on two modules installed in a standalone switch.
For example, when using Gigabit ports to form a trunk within a stack, the Gigabit ports will all be at Port 25. In this case, you could specify a trunk group consisting of:
(Unit1-Port25, Unit2-Port25, Unit3-Port25, Unit4-Port25), or two trunks consisting of:
(Unit1-Port25, Unit2-Port25) and (Unit3-Port25, Unit4-Port25).
3-41
Web-Based Management
Port Statistics
Use the Port Statistics menu to display Etherlike or RMON statistics for any port on the switch. The statistics displayed are indicated in the following figure and table.
Etherlike Statistics
Etherlike Statistics display key statistics from the Ethernet-like MIB for each port.
Error statistics on the traffic passing through each port are displayed. This information can be used to identify potential problems with the switch (such as a faulty port or unusually heavy loading). Values displayed have been accumulated since the last system reboot.
Parameter
FCS Errors
Description
The number of frames received that are an integral number of octets in length but do not pass the FCS check.
Single Collision Frames* The number of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission is inhibited by exactly one collision.
Multiple Collision Frames* A count of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission is inhibited by more than one collision.
SQE Test Errors* A count of times that the SQE TEST ERROR message is generated by the PLS sublayer.
Deferred Transmissions* A count of frames for which the first transmission attempt on a particular interface is delayed because the medium was busy.
Late Collisions The number of times that a collision is detected later than 512 bit-times into the transmission of a packet.
Excessive Collisions*
Internal Mac Transmit
Errors*
The number of frames for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions.
The number of frames for which transmission failed due to an internal MAC sublayer transmit error.
Carrier
Sense Errors*
Frames Too Long
The number of times that the carrier sense condition was lost or never asserted when attempting to transmit a frame.
The number of frames received that exceed the maximum permitted frame size.
Internal Mac Receive
Errors
The number of frames for which reception failed due to an internal MAC sublayer receive error.
* The reported values will always be zero because these statistics are not supported by the internal chip set used in this switch.
Note: Statistics are automatically refreshed every 60 seconds.
3-42
Port Statistics
RMON Statistics
RMON Statistics display key statistics for each port or media module from RMON group 1. (RMON groups 2, 3 and 9 can only be accessed using SNMP management software.) The following screen displays overall statistics on traffic passing through each port. RMON statistics provide access to a broad range of statistics, including a total count of different frame types passing through each port. Values displayed have been accumulated since the last system reboot.
Parameter
Drop Events
Received Bytes
Received Frames
Broadcast Frames
Multicast Frames
CRC/Alignment Errors
Undersize Frames
Oversize Frames
Fragments
Jabbers
Collisions
64 Byte Frames
65-127 Byte Frames
128-255 Byte Frames
Description
The total number of events in which packets were dropped due to lack of resources.
Total number of bytes of data received on the network. This statistic can be used as a reasonable indication of Ethernet utilization.
The total number of frames (bad, broadcast and multicast) received.
The total number of good frames received that were directed to the broadcast address. Note that this does not include multicast packets.
The total number of good frames received that were directed to this multicast address.
The number of CRC/alignment errors (FCS or alignment errors).
The total number of frames received that were less than 64 octets long (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and were otherwise well formed.
The total number of frames received that were longer than 1518 octets (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and were otherwise well formed.
The total number of frames received that were less than 64 octets in length
(excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and had either an FCS or alignment error.
The total number of frames received that were longer than 1518 octets (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets), and had either an FCS or alignment error.
The best estimate of the total number of collisions on this Ethernet segment.
The total number of frames (including bad packets) received and transmitted that were 64 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
The total number of frames (including bad packets) received and transmitted that were between 65 and 127 octets in length inclusive (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
The total number of packets (including bad packets) received and transmitted that were between 128 and 255 octets in length inclusive (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
3-43
Web-Based Management
Parameter
256-511 Byte Frames
Description
The total number of packets (including bad packets) received and transmitted that were between 256 and 511 octets in length inclusive (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
512-1023 Byte Frames The total number of packets (including bad packets) received and transmitted that were between 512 and 1023 octets in length inclusive (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
1024-1518 Byte Frames The total number of packets (including bad packets) received and transmitted that were between 1024 and 1518 octets in length inclusive (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Note: Statistics are automatically refreshed every 60 seconds.
3-44
Chapter 4: Advanced Topics
The CheetahSwtich Workgroup-3726M supports Layer 2 switching and other advanced features, which are described in this chapter.
Layer 2 Switching
When a frame enters a port, its destination MAC address is checked in the address database to see which port leads to this destination. If the destination address belongs to the incoming port, the frame is dropped or “filtered” because it is addressed to the local segment. If the destination address if found on another port, the frame is forwarded to that port and queued for output. But, if the destination address is not found in the address database, the frame is sent to one or more output ports based on the rules for handling tagged or untagged VLAN frames.
If the source MAC address of the frame was not found in the address database, it is recorded along with the incoming port number where it entered the switch. This information is then used to make later decisions for frame forwarding.
Switching involves the following steps:
• VLAN Classification
• Learning
• Filtering
• Forwarding
• Aging
Spanning Tree Algorithm
The Spanning Tree Algorithm (that is, the STA configuration algorithm as outlined in
IEEE 802.1D) can be used to detect and disable network loops, and to provide link backup. This allows the switch to interact with other bridging devices (including
STA-compliant switches, bridges or routers) in your network to ensure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network. If redundant paths or loops are detected, one or more ports are put into a blocking state (stopped from forwarding packets) to eliminate the extra paths. Moreover, if one or more of the paths in a stable spanning tree topology fail, this algorithm will automatically change ports from blocking state to forwarding state to reestablish contact with all network stations.
The STA uses a distributed algorithm to select a bridging device (STA-compliant switch, bridge or router) that serves as the root of the spanning tree network. It selects a root port on each bridging device (except for the root device) which incurs the lowest path cost when forwarding a packet from that device to the root device.
Then it selects a designated bridging device from each LAN which incurs the lowest path cost when forwarding a packet from that LAN to the root device. All ports connected to designated bridging devices are assigned as designated ports. After determining the lowest cost spanning tree, it enables all root ports and designated ports, and disables all other ports. Network packets are therefore only forwarded between root ports and designated ports, eliminating any possible network loops.
4-1
Advanced Topics
Once a stable network topology has been established, all bridges listen for Hello
BPDUs (Bridge Protocol Data Units) transmitted from the Root Bridge. If a bridge does not get a Hello BPDU after a predefined interval (Maximum Age), the bridge assumes that the link to the Root Bridge is down. This bridge will then initiate negotiations with other bridges to reconfigure the network to reestablish a valid network topology.
The following figure gives an illustration of how the Spanning Tree Algorithm assigns bridging device ports.
Virtual LANs
Switches do not inherently support broadcast domains, which can lead to broadcast storms in large networks that handle a lot of IPX or NetBeui traffic. In conventional networks with routers, broadcast traffic is split up into physically separate domains to confine broadcast traffic to the originating group and provide a much cleaner network environment. This switch creates segregated broadcast domains based on easily configurable VLANs, these are then linked, as required, via a router or Layer 3 switch.
An IEEE 802.1Q VLAN is a group of ports that can be located anywhere in the network, but communicate as though they belong to the same physical segment.
VLANs help to simplify network management by allowing you to move devices to a new VLAN without having to change any physical connections. VLANs can be easily organized to reflect departmental groups (such as Marketing or R&D), usage groups
(such as e-mail), or multicast groups (used for multimedia applications such as video conferencing).
VLANs provide greater network efficiency by reducing broadcast traffic, but also allow you to make network changes without having to update IP addresses or IP subnets. VLANs inherently provide a high level of network security, since traffic must pass through a Layer 3 switch or a router to reach a different VLAN.
4-2
Virtual LANs
This switch supports the following VLAN features:
• Up to 256 VLANs based on the IEEE 802.1Q standard
• Distributed VLAN learning across multiple switches using explicit or implicit tagging and GVRP protocol
• Port overlapping, allowing a port to participate in multiple VLANs
• End stations can belong to multiple VLANs
• Passing traffic between VLAN-aware and VLAN-unaware devices
• Priority tagging
• Port trunking with VLANs
Assigning Ports to VLANs
Before enabling VLANs for the switch, you must first assign each port to the VLAN group(s) it will participate in. (By default all ports are assigned to VLAN 1 as untagged ports.) Add a port as a tagged port (that is, a port attached to a
VLAN-aware device) if you want it to carry traffic for one or more VLANs and the device at the other end of the link also supports VLANs. Then assign the port at the other end of the link to the same VLAN(s). However, if you want a port on this switch to participate in one or more VLANs, but the device at the other end of the link does not support VLANs, then you must add this port as an untagged port (that is, a port attached to a VLAN-unaware device).
Port-based VLANs are tied to specific ports. The switch’s forwarding decision is based on the destination MAC address and its associated port. Therefore, to make valid forwarding and flooding decisions, the switch learns the relationship of the
MAC address to its related port—and thus to the VLAN—at run-time. When the switch receives a frame, it assigns the frame to the port’s default VLAN if the frame is untagged (determined by the PVID of the receiving port), or maps it for output to the broadcast domain associated with the frame’s VLAN tag.
Port Overlapping
Port overlapping can be used to allow access to commonly shared network resources among different VLAN groups, such as file servers or printers. Note that if you implement VLANs which do not overlap, but still need to communicate, you can connect them using a router or Layer 3 switch.
Automatic VLAN Registration (GVRP)
GVRP defines a system whereby the switch can automatically learn the VLANs each endstation should be assigned to. If an endstation (or its network adapter) supports the IEEE 802.1Q VLAN protocol, it can be configured to broadcast a message to your network indicating the VLAN groups it wants to join. When this switch receives these messages, it will automatically place the receiving port in the specified VLANs, and then forward the message to all other ports. When the message arrives at another switch that supports GVRP, it will also place the receiving port in the specified VLANs, and pass the message on to all other ports.
VLAN requirements are propagated in this way throughout the network. This allows
4-3
Advanced Topics
GVRP-compliant devices to be automatically configured for VLAN groups based solely on endstation requests.
Forwarding Traffic with Unknown VLAN Tags
This switch only supports 256 VLANs with VLAN IDs ranging from 1 to 2048, but the
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN standard allows for VLAN IDs from 1 to 4094. Therefore, if this switch is attached to endstations that issue VLAN registration requests, it will have to forward unknown VLAN tags. This traffic can only be propagated to the rest of the network if automatic VLAN registration is enabled on your switch.
Forwarding Tagged/Untagged Frames
Ports can be assigned to multiple tagged or untagged VLANs. Each port on the switch is therefore capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame from a VLAN-aware device to a VLAN-unaware device, the switch first decides where to forward the frame, and then strips off the VLAN tag. However, to forward a frame from a VLAN-unaware device to a VLAN-aware device, the switch first decides where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting this port’s default VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed
Connecting VLAN Groups
The switch supports intra-VLAN communication using wire-speed switching.
However, if you have devices in separate VLANs that must communicate, and it is not practical to include these devices in a common VLAN, then the VLANs can be connected via a Layer 3 switch or router.
4-4
Multicast Filtering
Multicast Filtering
Multicasting sends data to a group of nodes instead of a single destination. The simplest way to implement multicasting is to broadcast data to all nodes on the network. However, such an approach wastes a lot of bandwidth if the target group is small compared to overall the broadcast domain.
Since applications such as video conferencing and data sharing are more widely used today, efficient multicasting has become vital. A common approach is to use a group registration protocol that lets nodes join or leave multicast groups. A switch or router can then easily determine which ports contain group members and send data out to those ports only. This procedure is called multicast filtering.
The purpose of multicast filtering is to optimize a switched network’s performance, so multicast packets will only be forwarded to those ports containing multicast group hosts or multicast routers/switches instead of flooding to all ports in the subnet
(VLAN). This switch supports multicast filtering by passively monitoring IGMP Query and Report messages.
IGMP Snooping
A Layer 2 switch can passively snoop on IGMP Query and Report packets transferred between IP Multicast Routers/Switches and IP Multicast host groups to learn the IP Multicast group members. It simply monitors the IGMP packets passing through it, picks out the group registration information, and configures multicast filters accordingly. IGMP Snooping generates no additional network traffic, allowing you to significantly reduce the multicast traffic passing through your switch.
IGMP Protocol
The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) runs between hosts and their immediately neighboring multicast router/switch. IGMP is a multicast host registration protocol that allows any host to inform its local router that it wants to receive transmissions addressed to a specific multicast group.
A router, or multicast-enabled switch, can periodically ask their hosts is they want to receive multicast traffic. If there is more than one router/switch on the LAN performing IP multicasting, one of these devices is elected “querier” and assumes the responsibility of querying the LAN for group members.
Based on the group membership information learned from IGMP, a router/switch can determine which (if any) multicast traffic needs to be forwarded to each of its ports.
At Layer 3, multicast routers use this information, along with a multicast routing protocol such as DVMRP, to support IP multicasting across the Internet.
Note that IGMP neither alters nor routes any IP multicast packets. A multicast router/ switch must be used to deliver IP multicast packets across different subnetworks.
4-5
Advanced Topics
Class-of-Service (CoS) Support
The CheetahSwtich Workgroup-3726M provides two transmit queues on each port, with a Weighted Fair Queuing scheme. This function can be used to provide independent priorities for various types of data such as real-time video or voice, and best-effort data.
Priority assignment to a packet in the CheetahSwtich Workgroup-3726M can be accomplished in any of the following ways:
• Priority can be explicitly assigned by end stations which have applications that require a higher priority than best-effort. This switch utilizes the IEEE 802.1P and
802.1Q tag structure to decide priority assignments for the received packets.
• A port may be manually configured as high priority. In this case, when any other port receives traffic from a high-priority port, that traffic is automatically placed in the high-priority output queue.
Port Trunks
Ports can be combined into an aggregate link to increase the bandwidth of a network connection or ensure fault recovery. You can group ports into trunks that consist of two, three or four ports, creating an aggregate bandwidth of up to 8 Gbps when grouping multiple Gigabit ports. Besides balancing the load across each port in the trunk, the additional ports provide redundancy by taking over the load if another port in the trunk should fail.
When using port trunks, remember that:
• Before removing a port trunk via the configuration menu, you must disable all the ports in the trunk or remove all the network cables. Otherwise, a loop may be created.
• To disable a single link within a port trunk, you should first remove the network cable, and then disable both ends of the link via the configuration menu. This allows the traffic passing across that link to be automatically distributed to the other links in the trunk, without losing any significant amount of traffic.
SNMP Management Software
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a communication protocol designed specifically for managing devices or other elements on a network. Network equipment commonly managed with SNMP includes hubs, switches, bridges, routers and host computers. SNMP is typically used to configure these devices for proper operation in a network environment, as well as monitor them to evaluate performance and detect potential problems.
4-6
Remote Monitoring
Remote Monitoring
Remote Monitoring (RMON) provides a cost-effective way to monitor large networks by placing embedded or external probes on distributed network equipment (hubs, switches or routers). Network management software can access the probes embedded in network products to perform traffic analysis, troubleshoot network problems, evaluate historical trends, or implement proactive management policies.
RMON has already become a valuable tool for network managers faced with a quickly changing network landscape that contains dozens or hundreds of separate segments. RMON is the only way to retain control of the network and analyze applications running at multi-megabit speeds. It provides the tools you need to implement either reactive or proactive policies that can keep your network running based on real-time access to key statistical information.
This switch provides support for basic RMON which contains the four key groups required for basic remote monitoring. These groups include:
Statistics: Includes all the tools needed to monitor your network for common errors and overall traffic rates. Information is provided on bandwidth utilization, peak utilization, packet types, errors and collisions, as well as the distribution of packet sizes.
History: Can be used to create a record of network utilization, packet types, errors and collisions. You need a historical record of activity to be able to track down intermittent problems. Historical data can also be used to establish normal baseline activity, which may reveal problems associated with high traffic levels, broadcast storms, or other unusual events. Historical information can also be used to predict network growth and plan for expansion before your network becomes too overloaded.
Alarms: Can be set to test data over any specified time interval, and can monitor absolute or changing values (such as a statistical counter reaching a specific value, or a statistic changing by a certain amount over the set interval). Alarms can be set to respond to either rising or falling thresholds.
Events: Defines the action to take when an alarm is triggered. The response to an alarm can include recording the alarm in the Log Table or sending a message to a trap manager. Note that the Alarm and Event Groups are used together to record important events or immediately respond to critical network problems.
4-7
Advanced Topics
4-8
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting Chart
Symptom
Cannot connect using
Telnet, Web browser, or
SNMP software
Can’t access the on-board configuration program via a serial port connection
Forgot or lost the password
Troubleshooting Chart
Action
• Be sure to have configured the agent with a valid IP address, subnet mask and default gateway.
• Check that you have a valid network connection to the switch and that the port you are using has not been disabled.
• Check network cabling between the management station and the switch.
• If you cannot connect using Telnet, you may have exceeded the maximum number of concurrent Telnet sessions permitted. Try connecting again at a later time.
• Be sure to have set the terminal emulator program to VT100 compatible,
8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity and 19200 bps.
• If the switch is configured for Auto (baud rate detection), the terminal emulator program must be set at 2400~19200 baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity, and flow control set to none. Also, you must first press the
Enter key once to set the data rate and initialize the connection.
• Check that the null-modem serial cable conforms to the pin-out connections provided in Appendix B.
• Contact Accton Technical Support for help.
A-1
Troubleshooting
Upgrading Firmware via the Serial Port
You can upgrade system firmware by connecting your computer to the serial port on the switch, and using a console interface package that supports the XModem
protocol. (See “Required Connections” on page 1-1.)
1. Restart the system by using the Restart System command or resetting the power by pulling out the power cord, waiting five seconds, and plugging it back in.
2. When the system initialization screen appears as shown below, press “D” to download system firmware, and then indicate the code type (1: Runtime, 2:
POST, 3: Mainboard).
850 POST for L2, 06/07/2001
LOADER Version V1.02
POST Version V1.11
------ Performing the Power-On Self Test (POST) ------
EPROM Checksum Test ....................... PASS
Testing the System SDRAM .................. PASS
CPU Self Test ............................. PASS
EEPROM Checksum Test ...................... PASS
SEEPROM Checksum Test ..................... PASS
MAC Address ..............00-10-b5-fd-84-bb
------------ Power-On Self Test Completed ------------
(D)ownload System Image or (S)tart Application: [S]
For example, if you select 1 (for downloading agent firmware), the system will display the following message:
(D)ownload System Image or (S)tart Application: [S]
Select the Firmware Type to Download (1)Runtime (2)POST
(3)Mainboard [1]: 1
Your Selection: Runtime Code
Download code to FlashROM address 0x02880000
3. Change your baud rate to 115200 bps, and press Enter to enable download mode. From the terminal emulation program, select the file you want to download, set the protocol to XModem, and then initialize downloading.
Notes: 1. If you use Windows HyperTerminal, disconnect and reconnect to enable the new baud rate.
2. The download file should be a CheetahSwtich Workgroup-3726M binary file from Accton; otherwise the agent will not accept it. The file naming convention is:
Runtime program: Agent-Vx.yz,
POST program: Boot-Vx.yx, and
Mainboard program: 8051-Vx.yz
A-2
Upgrading Firmware via the Serial Port
3. After the file has been downloaded, the console screen will display information similar to that shown below. Press “s” to start the management interface, change the baud rate back to 19200, and press Enter. The Logon screen will then appear.
XModem Download to DRAM buffer area 0x00200000: ... SUCCESS !
Verifying image in DRAM download buffer 0x00200000... SUCCESS !
Update FlashROM Image at 0x02880000 ... SUCCESS !
(D)ownload another Image or (S)tart Application: [S] s
Change Baud Rate to 9600 and Press <ENTER>.
For details on managing the switch, refer to Chapter 2 for information on the out-of-band console interface, or Chapter 3 for information on the Web interface.
A-3
Troubleshooting
A-4
Appendix B: Pin Assignments
Console Port Pin Assignments
The DB-9 serial port on the switch’s rear panel is used to connect to the switch for out-of-band console configuration. The on-board menu-driven configuration program can be accessed from a terminal, a PC running a terminal emulation program. The pin assignments used to connect to the serial port are provided in the following tables.
DB-9 Port Pin Assignments
EIA
Circuit
CCITT
Signal
Description
BB
BA
104
103
RxD (Received Data)
TxD (Transmitted Data)
AB 102 SG (Signal Ground)
No other pins are used.
2
3
5
Switch’s
DB9 DTE
Pin #
2
3
5
PC DB9
DTE
Pin #
3
2
7
PC DB25
DTE
Pin #
Console Port to 9-Pin DTE Port on PC
Switch’s 9-Pin
Serial Port
2 RXD
3 TXD
<---------
-----------
5 SGND -----------
No other pins are used.
Null Modem
TXD
RXD
SGND
PC’s 9-Pin
DTE Port
-----------3 TXD
----------> 2 RXD
---------5 SGND
Console Port to 25-Pin DTE Port on PC
Switch’s 9-Pin
Serial Port
2 RXD
3 TXD
<---------
-----------
5 SGND -----------
No other pins are used.
Null Modem
TXD
RXD
SGND
PC’s 25-Pin
DTE Port
-----------2 TXD
----------> 3 RXD
---------7 SGND
B-1
Pin Assignments
B-2
Glossary
Bandwidth Utilization
The percentage of packets received over time as compared to overall bandwidth.
BOOTP
Boot protocol used to load the operating system for devices connected to the network.
GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP)
Defines a way for switches to exchange VLAN information in order to register necessary VLAN members on ports along the Spanning Tree so that VLANs defined in each switch can work automatically over a Spanning Tree network.
Generic Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP)
GARP is a protocol that can be used by endstations and switches to register and propagate multicast group membership information in a switched environment such that multicast data frames are propagated only to those parts of a switched LAN containing registered endstations. (Formerly called Group Address Registration
Protocol.)
Group Address Registration Protocol
See Generic Attribute Registration Protocol.
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
An integral part of the Internet Protocol (IP) that handles errror and control messages. ICMP also includes an echo request/reply used to test whether a destination is reachable and responding.
IEEE 802.1D
Specifies a general method for the operation of MAC bridges, including the
Spanning Tree Protocol.
IEEE 802.1Q
VLAN Tagging defines Ethernet frame tags which carry VLAN information. It allows switches to assign end-stations to different virtual LANs, and defines a standard way for VLANs to communicate across switched networks.
IEEE 802.3ac
Defines frame extensions for VLAN tagging.
In-Band Management
Management of the network from a station that is attached to the network.
Glossary-1
Glossary
Link Aggregation
See Port Trunk.
MIB
An acronym for Management Information Base. It is a set of database objects that contains information about the device. It defines variables needed by the SNMP protocol to monitor and control components in a network.
Out-of-Band Management
Management of the network from a station that is not attached to the network.
Port Mirroring
A method whereby data on a target port is mirrored to an analysis port for troubleshooting with a network sniffer or RMON probe. This allows data on the target port to be studied unobtrusively.
Port Trunk
Defines network link aggregation and trunking standards which specify how to create a single high-speed logical link that combines several lower-speed physical links.
Remote Monitoring (RMON)
RMON provides comprehensive network monitoring capabilities. It eliminates the polling required in standard SNMP, and can set alarms on a variety of traffic conditions, including specific errors types.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
An application protocol offering network management services in the Internet suite of protocols.
Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
A standard protocol for point-to-point connections using serial lines.
Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA)
A technology that checks your network for any loops. A loop can often occur in complicated network systems or systems with redundant links. Spanning-tree detects and directs data along the shortest path, maximizing the performance and efficiency of the network.
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
See Spanning Tree Algorithm.
Glossary-2
Glossary
Telnet
Defines a remote communication facility for interfacing to a terminal device over
TCP/IP.
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
The TCP/IP standard protocol for file transfer with minimal capability and minimal overhead. TFTP depends on the connectionless datagram delivery service, UDP.
Virtual LAN (VLAN)
A Virtual LAN is a collection of network nodes that share the same collision domain regardless of their physical location or connection point in the network. A VLAN serves as a logical workgroup with no physical barriers, allowing users to share information and resources as though located on the same LAN.
XModem
A protocol used to transfer files between devices. Data is grouped in 128-byte blocks and error-corrected.
Glossary-3
Glossary
Glossary-4
Index
Numerics
,
,
A
analyzer port configuration 2-30 ,
automatic VLAN registration 4-3
B
baud rate configuration 2-14 ,
BOOTP
,
Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) 4-2
Broadcast Storm Control 2-35 ,
C
community names, configuring 2-16
,
connections
console interface
console interface
console port
D
,
duplex mode configuration 2-22 ,
,
E
expansion port
extended bridge configuration 2-36 ,
F
Fast STA
firmware
flow control configuration 2-22 ,
G
H
,
I
,
protocol 4-5 query 4-5 report 4-5 snooping 4-5
Internet Group Management Protocol
L
login
,
M
MAC address table, displaying 2-50 ,
management
Index-1
Index
mirror port configuration 2-30 ,
multicast
registration table, displaying 2-51
,
O
P
,
pin assignments, console port B-1
port
Q
,
R
restoring switch configuration 3-14
S
serial port
Simple Network Management Protocol
Spanning Tree Algorithm
statistics
switching
T
tagged
traffic classes configuration 2-37 ,
trap managers, configuring 2-17 ,
,
U
unicast address table
untagged
,
V
Virtual LANs
assigning ports 4-3 automatic registration 4-3
configuration
current table information 2-41 ,
,
static table configuration 2-42 ,
tagged 4-4 unknown tags 4-4 untagged 4-4
Index-2
W
Web
interface
X
Index
Index-3
Index
Index-4
AC-ES3726M
E022002-R01
F2.4761
150000017100A
advertisement
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project