User's Guide v2.1

User’s Manual

Version: 2.1

Wireless LAN Broadband Router

Trademarks

Copyright @2006

Contents are subject to change without notice.

All trademarks belong to their respective proprietors.

Copyright Statement

THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS OF PROPRIETARY TECHNICAL INFORMATION THAT IS THE PROPERTY OF

THIS COMPANY. AND NO PART OF THIS DOCUMENTATION MAY BE REPRODUCED, STORED IN A RETRIEVAL

SYSTEM OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRICAL OR MECHANICAL, BY

PHOTOCOPYING, RECORDING, OR OTHERWISE, WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF THIS

COMPANY.

Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following measures:

-

-

-

-

Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

FCC Caution: Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate this equipment.

IMPORTANT NOTE:

FCC Radiation Exposure Statement:

This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body.

This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.

USER’S MANUAL OF WLAN BROADBAND ROUTER Version: 2.0

Table of Contents

REVISION HISTORY .....................................................................................................................I

TERMINOLOGY ........................................................................................................................... II

1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 P ACKAGE CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ 1

1.2 P RODUCT S PECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................... 1

1.3 P RODUCT F EATURES ............................................................................................................ 2

1.4 P ANEL D ESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................ 3

2 INSTALLATION ..................................................................................................................... 5

2.1 H ARDWARE I NSTALLATION .................................................................................................. 5

2.2 S OFTWARE I NSTALLATION .................................................................................................... 5

3 SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION ......................................................................................... 6

3.1 P REPARE YOUR PC TO CONFIGURE THE WLAN B ROADBAND R OUTER ................................ 6

3.2 C ONNECT TO THE WLAN B ROADBAND R OUTER ................................................................. 8

3.3 M ANAGEMENT AND CONFIGURATION ON THE WLAN B ROADBAND R OUTER ...................... 8

3.3.1 Status.......................................................................................................................... 8

III LAN Interface Setup ................................................................................................ 11

IV WAN Interface Setup ............................................................................................... 12

V Wireless Basic Settings ................................................................................................ 12

VI Wireless Security Setup ........................................................................................... 13

3.3.4 Wireless - Basic Settings.......................................................................................... 14

3.3.5 Wireless - Advanced Settings .................................................................................. 15

3.3.6 Wireless - Security Setup ......................................................................................... 17

I WEP Key Setup ........................................................................................................... 19

3.3.7 Wireless - Access Control ........................................................................................ 20

i


Requirement: Set [Wireless]->[Basic Settings]->[Mode]->AP+WDS................................ 22

3.3.10 LAN Interface Setup ................................................................................................ 25

3.3.11 WAN Interface Setup ............................................................................................... 26

III PPPoE ...................................................................................................................... 30

IV PPTP ........................................................................................................................ 32

3.3.12 Firewall - Port Filtering ........................................................................................... 33

3.3.13 Firewall - IP Filtering............................................................................................... 34

3.3.14 Firewall - MAC Filtering ......................................................................................... 35

3.3.15 Firewall - Port Forwarding....................................................................................... 36

3.3.16 Firewall – URL Filtering.......................................................................................... 38

3.3.17 Firewall - DMZ ........................................................................................................ 39

I VPN Setup - Edit Tunnel ............................................................................................. 41

II Advanced IKE Setup.................................................................................................... 43

3.3.19 Management - Statistics ........................................................................................... 44

3.3.20 Management - DDNS .............................................................................................. 45

3.3.21 Management - Time Zone Setting............................................................................ 46

3.3.22 Management – Denial-of-Service ............................................................................ 46

3.3.23 Management - Log................................................................................................... 47

3.3.24 Management - Upgrade Firmware ........................................................................... 48

3.3.25 Management Save/ Reload Settings......................................................................... 49

3.3.26 Management - Password Setup................................................................................ 50

3.3.27 Logout ...................................................................................................................... 50

4 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ).................................................................... 52

4.1 W HAT AND HOW TO FIND MY PC’ S IP AND MAC ADDRESS ? .............................................. 52

4.2 W HAT IS W IRELESS LAN? ................................................................................................. 52

4.3 W HAT ARE ISM BANDS ? .................................................................................................... 52

4.4 H OW DOES WIRELESS NETWORKING WORK ?....................................................................... 52

4.5 W HAT IS BSSID? ............................................................................................................... 53

4.6 W HAT IS ESSID? ............................................................................................................... 53

4.7 W HAT ARE POTENTIAL FACTORS THAT MAY CAUSES INTERFERENCE ? ................................. 54

4.8 W HAT ARE THE O PEN S YSTEM AND S HARED K EY AUTHENTICATIONS ? .............................. 54

ii


4.9 W HAT IS WEP? .................................................................................................................. 54

4.10 W HAT IS F RAGMENT T HRESHOLD ?..................................................................................... 54

4.11 W HAT IS RTS (R EQUEST T O S END ) T HRESHOLD ?.............................................................. 55

4.12 W HAT IS B EACON I NTERVAL ?............................................................................................. 55

4.13 W HAT IS P REAMBLE T YPE ? ................................................................................................ 56

4.14 W HAT IS SSID B ROADCAST ? ............................................................................................. 56

4.15 W HAT IS W I -F I P ROTECTED A CCESS (WPA)? .................................................................... 56

4.16 W HAT IS WPA2? ................................................................................................................ 57

4.17 W HAT IS 802.1

X A UTHENTICATION ? .................................................................................. 57

4.18 W HAT IS T EMPORAL K EY I NTEGRITY P ROTOCOL (TKIP)? ................................................. 57

4.19 W HAT IS A DVANCED E NCRYPTION S TANDARD (AES)? ...................................................... 57

4.20 W HAT IS I NTER -A CCESS P OINT P ROTOCOL (IAPP)?........................................................... 57

4.21 W HAT IS W IRELESS D ISTRIBUTION S YSTEM (WDS)?......................................................... 58

4.22 W HAT IS U NIVERSAL P LUG AND P LAY ( U PNP)?................................................................. 58

4.23 W HAT IS M AXIMUM T RANSMISSION U NIT (MTU) S IZE ? ................................................... 58

4.24 W HAT IS C LONE MAC A DDRESS ?...................................................................................... 58

4.25 W HAT IS DDNS?................................................................................................................ 58

4.26 W HAT IS NTP C LIENT ? ...................................................................................................... 58

4.27 W HAT IS VPN?................................................................................................................... 58

4.28 W HAT IS IPSEC?................................................................................................................ 59

5.1 E XAMPLE O NE – PPP O E ON THE WAN................................................................................... 60

5.2 E XAMPLE T WO – F IXED IP ON THE WAN................................................................................ 62

iii

USER’S MANUAL OF WLAN BROADBAND ROUTER

Revision History

D ATE R EVISION OF USER’S MANUAL

Version: 2.0

FIRMWARE

(g/v)1.4.1 i


DHCP

DSSS

ESP

FCC

IEEE

IKE

ISM

Terminology

3DES

AES

ANSI

Triple Data Encryption Standard

Advanced Encryption Standard

American National Standards Institute

CCK

CSMA/CA

CSMA/CD

DDNS

Complementary Code Keying

Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Avoidance

Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detection

Dynamic Domain Name Server

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum

Encapsulating Security Payload

Federal Communications Commission

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

Internet Key Exchange

Industrial, Scientific and Medical

MD5 Message Digest 5

PPTP

PSD

SNR

SSID

TCP

TFTP

Point to Point Tunneling Protocol

Power Spectral Density

Signal to Noise Ratio

Service Set Identification

Transmission Control Protocol

Trivial File Transfer Protocol

Version: 2.0 ii


TKIP

UPNP

VPN

WDS

WEP

WLAN

Temporal Key Integrity Protocol

Universal Plug and Play

Virtual Private Network

Wireless Distribution System

Wired Equivalent Privacy

Wireless Local Area Network

Version: 2.0 iii


1 Introduction

The Wireless LAN Broadband Router is an affordable IEEE 802.11b/g wireless LAN broadband router solution; setting SOHO and enterprise standard for high performance, secure, manageable and reliable WLAN.

This document describes the steps required for the initial IP address assign and other WLAN router configuration. The description includes the implementation of the above steps.

1.1 Package contents

The package of the WLAN Broadband Router includes the following items,

! The WLAN Broadband Router

! The AC to DC power adapter

! The Documentation CD

! 1.8M RJ-45 Cable Line (Option)

1.2 Product Specifications

Product Name WLAN Broadband Router

Standard

Data Transfer Rate

Modulation Method

Frequency Band

RF Output Power

Receiver Sensitivity

Operation Range

802.11b/g(Wireless), 802.3(10BaseT), 802.3u(100BaseT)

54Mbps(Wireless), 100Mbps(Ethernet)

CCK(802.11b), OFDM(802.11g)

2.4GHz – 2.497GJz ISM Band, DSSS

CCK< 17 dBm, OFDM< 13.5 dBm

802.11b -80 dBm@8%, 802.11g -68 dBm@5%

30 to 280 meters (depend on surrounding)

Security

LAN interface

64 bit/ 128 bit WEP, WPA, WPA2, port filtering, IP filtering,

MAC filtering, port forwarding and DMZ hosting

One 10/100BaseT with RJ45 connector (WAN)

Four 10/100BaseT with RJ45 connectors (LAN)

Power Consumption 7.5V DC Power Adapter

Operating Temperature 0 ~ 50 o

C ambient temperature

Storage Temperature -20 ~ 70 o

C ambient temperature

Humidity 5 to 90 % maximum (non-condensing)

Dimension 118 x 95 x 25 mm

1


1.3 Product Features

Generic Router

# Complies with IEEE 802.11b/g standard for 2.4GHz Wireless LAN.

# Supports multi-operation (bridge/gateway/WISP) modes between wireless and wired Ethernet interfaces.

# Supports 64-bit and 128-bit WEP, WPA, WPA2 encryption/decryption function to protect the wireless data transmission.

# Supports IEEE 802.1x Authentication.

# Support Wi-Fi Protected Access Authentication with Radius and Pre-Shared Key mode.

# Supports Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP).

# Supports Wireless Distribution System (WDS).

# Supports IEEE 802.3x full duplex flow control on 10/100M Ethernet interface.

# Supports DHCP server to provide clients auto IP addresses assignment.

# Supports DHCP client for WAN interface auto IP address assignment from ISP.

# Supports PPPoE on WAN interface.

# Supports PPTP Client on Ethernet WAN interface.

# Supports clone MAC address function.

# Supports firewall security with port filtering, IP filtering, MAC filtering, port forwarding, trigger port, DMZ hosting and URL filtering functions.

# Supports WEB based management and configuration.

# Supports UPnP for automatic Internet access.

# Supports Dynamic DNS service.

# Supports NTP client service.

# Supports Log table and remote Log service.

# Support Setup Wizard mode.

# Support DoS (Denial of Service) function.

VPN Router

# Supports Virtual Private Network (VPN) connection.

# Supports IPSEC tunnel encryption(3DES/AES128) and authentication(MD5/SHA1)

2


1.4 Panel Description

Version: 2.0

Power LED

WLAN LED

LED Indicator

1. Power LED

2. WLAN LED

3. LAN LED

ACT

4. WAN LED

ACT

LAN LED WAN LED

Figure 1 –WLAN Broadband Router Front Panel

State

On

Description

The WLAN Broadband Router is powered on.

Off The WLAN Broadband Router is powered off.

Flashing Data is transmitting or receiving on the antenna.

Off No data is transmitting or receiving on the antenna.

Flashing Data is transmitting or receiving on the LAN interface.

On Port linked.

Off No link.

Flashing Data is transmitting or receiving on the WAN interface.

On Port linked.

Off No link.

3


Antenna

WAN LAN Power

Reset

Version: 2.0

1. Antenna

(Fixed / SMA)

2. Power

3. LAN

4. WAN

5. Reset

The power jack allows an external DC +7.5 V power supply connection.

The external AC to DC adaptor provide adaptive power requirement to the WLAN Broadband Router.

The RJ-45 sockets allow LAN connection through Category 5 cables. Support auto-sensing on 10/100M speed and half/ full duplex; comply with IEEE 802.3/ 802.3u respectively.

The RJ-45 socket allows WAN connection through a Category

5 cable. Support auto-sensing on 10/100M speed and half/ full duplex; comply with IEEE 802.3/ 802.3u respectively.

Push continually the reset button 5 ~ 10 seconds to reset the configuration parameters to factory defaults.

4


2 Installation

2.1 Hardware Installation

Step 1: Place the Wireless LAN Broadband Router to the best optimum transmission location. The best transmission location for your WLAN Broadband Router is usually at the geographic center of your wireless network, with line of sign to all of your mobile stations.

Step 2: Connect the WLAN Broadband Router to your wired network. Connect the

Ethernet WAN interface of WLAN Broadband Router by category 5 Ethernet cable to your switch/ hub/ xDSL modem or cable modem. A straight-through

Ethernet cable with appropriate cable length is needed.

Step 3: Supply DC power to the WLAN Broadband Router. Use only the AC/DC power adapter supplied with the WLAN Broadband Router; it may occur damage by using a different type of power adapter.

The hardware installation finished.

2.2 Software Installation

# There are no software drivers, patches or utilities installation needed, but only the configuration setting. Please refer to chapter 3 for software configuration.

Notice: It will take about 55 seconds to complete the boot up sequence after powered on the WLAN Broadband Router; Power LED will be active, and after that the WLAN Activity LED will be flashing to show the

WLAN interface is enabled and working now.

5


There are web based management and configuration functions allowing you to have the jobs done easily.

The WLAN Broadband Router is delivered with the following factory default parameters on the Ethernet LAN interfaces.

Default IP Address: 192.168.1.254

Default IP subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

WEB login User Name: <empty>

WEB login Password: <empty>

3.1 Prepare your PC to configure the WLAN Broadband Router

For OS of Microsoft Windows 95/ 98/ Me:

Panel window will appear.

Note: Windows Me users may not see the Network control panel. If so, select View

all Control Panel options on the left side of the window

2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network icon. The Network window will appear.

3. Check the installed list of Network Components. If TCP/IP is not installed, click the

Add button to install it; otherwise go to step 6. button to install the TCP/IP protocol, it may need the Microsoft Windows CD to complete the installation. Close and go back to Network dialog box after the TCP/IP installation.

! IP Address: 192.168.1.1, any IP address within 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.253 is good to connect the Wireless LAN Access Point.

! IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

8. Click OK and reboot your PC after completes the IP parameters setting.

For OS of Microsoft Windows 2000, XP:

6



2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network and Dial-up Connections icon. Move mouse and double-click the Local Area Connection icon. The Local Area

Connection window will appear. Click Properties button in the Local Area

Connection window.

3. Check the installed list of Network Components. If TCP/IP is not installed, click the

Add button to install it; otherwise go to step 6. button to install the TCP/IP protocol, it may need the Microsoft Windows CD to complete the installation. Close and go back to Network dialog box after the TCP/IP installation.


! IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

8. Click OK to completes the IP parameters setting.

For OS of Microsoft Windows NT:


2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network icon. The Network window will appear. Click Protocol tab from the Network window.

3. Check the installed list of Network Protocol window. If TCP/IP is not installed, click the Add button to install it; otherwise go to step 6. button to install the TCP/IP protocol, it may need the Microsoft Windows CD to complete the installation. Close and go back to Network dialog box after the TCP/IP installation.


! IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

8. Click OK to complete the IP parameters setting.

7


3.2 Connect to the WLAN Broadband Router

Open a WEB browser, i.e. Microsoft Internet Explore, then enter 192.168.1.254 on the

URL to connect the WLAN Broadband Router.

3.3 Management and configuration on the WLAN Broadband Router

3.3.1 Status

This page shows the current status and some basic settings of the device, includes system, wireless, Ethernet LAN and WAN configuration information.

Screen snapshot – Status

Item Description

System

Uptime

Firmware version

It shows the duration since WLAN Broadband Router is powered on.

It shows the firmware version of WLAN Broadband

Router.

8


Wireless configuration

Mode It shows wireless operation mode

Band

SSID

Channel Number

Encryption

BSSID

Associated Clients

It shows the current wireless operating frequency.

It shows the SSID of this WLAN Broadband Router.

The SSID is the unique name of WLAN Broadband

Router and shared among its service area, so all devices attempts to join the same wireless network can identify it.

It shows the wireless channel connected currently.

It shows the status of encryption function.

It shows the BSSID address of the WLAN Broadband

Router. BSSID is a six-byte address.

It shows the number of connected clients (or stations,

PCs).

TCP/IP configuration

Attain IP Protocol It shows type of connection.

IP Address

Subnet Mask

It shows the IP address of LAN interfaces of WLAN

Broadband Router.

It shows the IP subnet mask of LAN interfaces of WLAN

Broadband Router.

Default Gateway It shows the default gateway setting for LAN interfaces outgoing data packets.

It shows the DHCP server is enabled or not. DHCP Server

MAC Address

WAN configuration

It shows the MAC address of LAN interfaces of WLAN

Broadband Router.

Attain IP Protocol It shows how the WLAN Broadband Router gets the IP address. The IP address can be set manually to a fixed one or set dynamically by DHCP server or attain IP by

PPPoE / PPTP connection.

IP Address

Subnet Mask

Default Gateway

It shows the IP address of WAN interface of WLAN

Broadband Router.

It shows the IP subnet mask of WAN interface of WLAN

Broadband Router.

It shows the default gateway setting for WAN interface outgoing data packets.

9


MAC Address It shows the MAC address of WAN interface of WLAN

Broadband Router.

3.3.2 Setup Wizard

This page guides you to configure wireless broadband router for first time

Screen snapshot – Setup Wizard

This page followed by Setup Wizard page to define the operation mode.

Screen snapshot – Operation Mode

10


II Time Zone Setting

This page is used to enable and configure NTP client

Version: 2.0

Screen snapshot – Time Zone Settings

III LAN Interface Setup

This page is used to configure local area network IP address and subnet mask

Screen snapshot – LAN Interface Setup

11


IV WAN Interface Setup

This page is used to configure WAN access type

Version: 2.0

Screen snapshot – WAN Interface Setup

V Wireless Basic Settings

This page is used to configure basic wireless parameters like Band, Mode,

Network Type SSID, Channel Number, Enable Mac Clone(Single

Ethernet Client)

Screen snapshot – Wireless Basic Settings

12


VI Wireless Security Setup

This page is used to configure wireless security

Version: 2.0

Screen snapshot – Wireless Security Setup

3.3.3 Operation Mode

This page is used to configure which mode wireless broadband router acts

Screen snapshot – Operation Mode

Item

Gateway

Description

Traditional gateway configuration. It always connects internet via ADSL/Cable Modem. LAN interface, WAN

13


Bridge

Wireless ISP

Apply Changes

Version: 2.0 interface, Wireless interface, NAT and Firewall modules are applied to this mode

Each interface (LAN, WAN and Wireless) regards as bridge. NAT, Firewall and all router’s functions are not supported

Switch Wireless interface to WAN port and all Ethernet ports in bridge mode. Wireless interface can do all router’s functions

Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new configuration setting. previous configuration setting.

3.3.4 Wireless - Basic Settings

This page is used to configure the parameters for wireless LAN clients that may connect to your Broadband Router. Here you may change wireless encryption settings as well as wireless network parameters.

Screen snapshot – Wireless Basic Settings

14


Item

Disable Wireless LAN

Description

Click on to disable the wireless LAN data transmission.

Interface

Band

Mode

Click to select 2.4GHz(B) / 2.4GHz(G) / 2.4GHz(B+G)

Click to select the WLAN AP / Client / WDS / AP+WDS wireless mode.

Site Survey

SSID

The Site Survey button provides tool to scan the wireless network. If any Access Point or IBSS is found, you could choose to connect it manually when client mode is

enabled. Refer to 3.3.9 Site Survey.

It is the wireless network name. The SSID can be 32 bytes long.

Channel Number

Associated Clients

SSID of Extended

Interface

Apply Changes

Select the wireless communication channel from pull-down menu.

Click the Show Active Clients button to open Active

Wireless Client Table that shows the MAC address, transmit-packet, receive-packet and transmission-rate for each associated wireless client.

Enable Mac Clone Take Laptop NIC MAC address as wireless client MAC

(Single Ethernet Client) address. [Client Mode only]

Enable Universal

Repeater Mode

Click to enable Universal Repeater Mode

Assign SSID when enables Universal Repeater Mode.


3.3.5 Wireless - Advanced Settings

These settings are only for more technically advanced users who have a sufficient knowledge about wireless LAN. These settings should not be changed unless you know what effect the changes will have on your WLAN Broadband

Router.

15


Screen snapshot – Wireless Advanced Settings


Authentication Type Click to select the authentication type in Open System,

Shared Key or Auto selection.

Fragment Threshold Set the data packet fragmentation threshold, value can be written between 256 and 2346 bytes.

RTS Threshold

Refer to 4.10 What is Fragment Threshold?

Set the RTS Threshold, value can be written between 0 and 2347 bytes.

Refer to 4.11 What is RTS(Request To Send) Threshold?

Beacon Interval Set the Beacon Interval, value can be written between 20 and 1024 ms.

Refer to 4.12 What is Beacon Interval?

Data Rate

Preamble Type

Select the transmission data rate from pull-down menu.

Data rate can be auto-select, 11M, 5.5M, 2M or 1Mbps.

Click to select the Long Preamble or Short Preamble support on the wireless data packet transmission.

16


Broadcast SSID

IAPP

802.11g Protection

RF Output Power

Turbo Mode

ACK Timeout

Apply Changes

Version: 2.0

Refer to 4.13 What is Preamble Type?

Click to enable or disable the SSID broadcast function.

Refer to 4.14 What is SSID Broadcast?

Click to enable or disable the IAPP function.

Refer to 4.20 What is Inter-Access Point Protocol(IAPP)?

Protect 802.11b user.

To adjust transmission power level.

Click to enable/disable turbo mode.(Only apply to

WLAN IC of Realtek).

Set the ACK-Timeout for a long distance link. The value can be 0-255. A step is 4 us.


3.3.6 Wireless - Security Setup

This page allows you setup the wireless security. Turn on WEP, WPA, WPA2 by using encryption keys could prevent any unauthorized access to your wireless network.

Screen snapshot – Wireless Security Setup


17


Encryption

Use 802.1x

Authentication

Select the encryption supported over wireless access. The encryption method can be None, WEP, WPA(TKIP),

WPA2 or WPA2 Mixed

Refer to 4.9 What is WEP?

4.15 What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?

4.16 What is WPA2(AES)?

4.17 What is 802.1X Authentication?

4.18 What is Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)?

4.19 What is Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)?

While Encryption is selected to be WEP.

Click the check box to enable IEEE 802.1x authentication function.

Refer to 4.16 What is 802.1x Authentication?

WPA Authentication

Mode

While Encryption is selected to be WPA.

Click to select the WPA Authentication Mode with

Enterprise (RADIUS) or Personal (Pre-Shared Key).

Refer to 4.15 What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?

Pre-Shared Key Format While Encryption is selected to be WPA.

Select the Pre-shared key format from the pull-down menu. The format can be Passphrase or Hex (64

Pre-Shared Key

Enable

Pre-Authentication

Authentication

RADIUS Server

Apply Changes characters). [WPA, Personal(Pre-Shared Key) only]

Fill in the key value. [WPA, Personal(Pre-Shared Key) only]

Click to enable Pre-Authentication. [WPA2/WPA2

Mixed only, Enterprise only]

Set the IP address, port and login password information of authentication RADIUS sever.


18


I WEP Key Setup

Version: 2.0

Screen snapshot – WEP Key Setup

Item

Key Length

Description

Select the WEP shared secret key length from pull-down menu. The length can be chose between 64-bit and

128-bit (known as “WEP2”) keys.

The WEP key is composed of initialization vector (24 bits) and secret key (40-bit or 104-bit).

Key Format

Default Tx Key

Select the WEP shared secret key format from pull-down menu. The format can be chose between plant text

(ASCII) and hexadecimal (HEX) code.

Set the default secret key for WEP security function.

Value can be chose between 1 and 4.

Encryption Key 1

Encryption Key 2

Encryption Key 3

Encryption Key 4

Apply Changes

Close

Secret key 1 of WEP security encryption function.




Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new configuration setting.

Click to close this WEP Key setup window.

19

USER’S MANUAL OF WLAN BROADBAND ROUTER Version: 2.0 previous configuration setting.

WEP encryption key (secret key) length:

Length

64-bit

Format

ASCII 5 characters

HEX 10 hexadecimal codes

128-bit

13 characters

26 hexadecimal codes

3.3.7 Wireless - Access Control

If you enable wireless access control, only those clients whose wireless MAC addresses are in the access control list will be able to connect to your Access

Point. When this option is enabled, no wireless clients will be able to connect if the list contains no entries.

Screen snapshot – Wireless Access Control

Item

Wireless Access

Control Mode

Description

Click the Disabled, Allow Listed or Deny Listed of drop down menu choose wireless access control mode.

This is a security control function; only those clients registered in the access control list can link to this

WLAN Broadband Router.

MAC Address Fill in the MAC address of client to register this WLAN

20


Comment

Apply Changes

Version: 2.0

Broadband Router access capability.

Fill in the comment tag for the registered client.

Click the Apply Changes button to register the client to new configuration setting. previous configuration setting.

Current Access Control It shows the registered clients that are allowed to link to

List this WLAN Broadband Router.

Delete Selected

Delete All

Click to delete the selected clients that will be access right removed from this WLAN Broadband Router.

Click to delete all the registered clients from the access allowed list. previous configuration setting.

3.3.8 WDS Settings

Wireless Distribution System uses wireless media to communicate with other

APs, like the Ethernet does. To do this, you must set these APs in the same channel and set MAC address of other AP that you want to communicate with in the table and then enable the WDS.

Screen snapshot – WDS Setup

21


Item

Enable WDS

MAC Address

Comment

Apply Changes

Version: 2.0

Description

Click the check box to enable wireless distribution

system. Refer to 4.21 What is Wireless Distribution

System (WDS)?

Fill in the MAC address of AP to register the wireless distribution system access capability.

Fill in the comment tag for the registered AP.

Click the Apply Changes button to register the AP to new configuration setting.

Set Security

Show Statistics

Delete Selected

Delete All previous configuration setting.

Click button to configure wireless security like

WEP(64bits), WEP(128bits), WPA(TKIP), WPA2(AES) or None

It shows the TX, RX packets, rate statistics

Click to delete the selected clients that will be removed from the wireless distribution system.

Click to delete all the registered APs from the wireless distribution system allowed list. previous configuration setting.

I WDS Security Setup

Requirement: Set [Wireless]->[Basic Settings]->[Mode]->AP+WDS

This page is used to configure the wireless security between APs. Refer to

3.3.6 Wireless Security Setup.

22


Screen snapshot – WDS Security Setup

II WDS Table

This page is used to show WDS statistics

Screen snapshot – WDS AP Table

Item

MAC Address

Description

It shows the MAC Address within WDS.

Tx Packets

Tx Errors

It shows the statistic count of sent packets on the wireless

LAN interface.

It shows the statistic count of error sent packets on the

Wireless LAN interface.

Rx Packets It shows the statistic count of received packets on the wireless LAN interface.

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Tx Rare (Mbps)

Refresh

Close

It shows the wireless link rate within WDS.

Click to refresh the statistic counters on the screen.

Click to close the current window.

3.3.9 Site Survey

This page is used to view or configure other APs near yours.

Screen snapshot – Wireless Site Survey

Item

SSID

Description

It shows the SSID of AP.

BSSID

Channel

Type

Encrypt

Signal

It shows BSSID of AP.

It show the current channel of AP occupied.

It show which type AP acts.

It shows the encryption status.

Select

It shows the power level of current AP in percentage and in dBm

Click to select AP or client you’d like to connect. screen.

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3.3.10 LAN Interface Setup

This page is used to configure the parameters for local area network that connects to the LAN ports of your WLAN Broadband Router. Here you may change the setting for IP address, subnet mask, DHCP, etc.

Screen snapshot – LAN Interface Setup

Item

IP Address

Description

Fill in the IP address of LAN interfaces of this WLAN

Access Point.

Subnet Mask

Default Gateway

Fill in the subnet mask of LAN interfaces of this WLAN

Access Point.

Fill in the default gateway for LAN interfaces out going data packets.

DHCP Click to select Disabled, Client or Server in different operation mode of wireless Access Point.

DHCP Client Range Fill in the start IP address and end IP address to allocate a range of IP addresses; client with DHCP function set will be assigned an IP address from the range.

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Show Client

DNS Server

Domain Name

Click to open the Active DHCP Client Table window that shows the active clients with their assigned IP address,

MAC address and time expired information. [Server

mode only]

Manual setup DNS server IP address.

Assign Domain Name and dispatch to DHCP clients. It is optional field.

802.1d Spanning Tree Select to enable or disable the IEEE 802.1d Spanning

Tree function from pull-down menu.

Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC address to be

cloned. Refer to 4.24 What is Clone MAC Address?

Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new configuration setting. previous configuration setting.

3.3.11 WAN Interface Setup

This page is used to configure the parameters for wide area network that connects to the WAN port of your WLAN Broadband Router. Here you may change the access method to Static IP, DHCP, PPPoE or PPTP by click the item value of WAN Access Type.

26


Screen snapshot – WAN Interface Setup – Static IP

Item

Static IP

Description

Click to select Static IP support on WAN interface. There

IP Address are IP address, subnet mask and default gateway settings need to be done.

If you select the Static IP support on WAN interface, fill in the IP address for it.

Subnet Mask

Default Gateway

If you select the Static IP support on WAN interface, fill in the subnet mask for it.

If you select the Static IP support on WAN interface, fill in the default gateway for WAN interface out going data packets.

MTU Size Fill in the mtu size of MTU Size. The default value is

1400

Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 1. DNS 1

DNS 2

DNS 3

Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 2.




27


Enable uPNP

Enable Web Server

Access on WAN

Enable WAN Echo

Reply

Enable IPsec pass through on VPN connection

Enable PPTP pass through on VPN connection

Enable L2TP pass through on VPN connection

Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new configuration setting.

Version: 2.0

Click the checkbox to enable uPNP function.

Refer to 4.22 What is Universal Plug and Play (uPNP)?

Click the checkbox to enable web configuration from

WAN side.

Click the checkbox to enable WAN ICMP response.

Click the checkbox to enable IPSec packet pass through

Click the checkbox to enable PPTP packet pass through

Click the checkbox to enable L2TP packet pass through previous configuration setting.

Screen snapshot – WAN Interface Setup – DHCP Client

28


Item

DHCP Client

Host Name

MTU Size

Description

Click to select DHCP support on WAN interface for IP address assigned automatically from a DHCP server.

Fill in the host name of Host Name. The default value is empty

Fill in the mtu size of MTU Size. The default value is

1400

Attain DNS

Automatically

Click to select getting DNS address for DHCP support.

Please select Set DNS Manually if the DHCP support is selected.

Set DNS Manually Click to select getting DNS address for DHCP support.

DNS 1

DNS 2

DNS 3






Enable uPNP

Enable Web Server

Access on WAN




WAN side.

Click the checkbox to enable WAN ICMP response. Enable WAN Echo

Reply


29


Screen snapshot – WAN Interface Setup – PPPoE

Item

PPPoE

Description

Click to select PPPoE support on WAN interface. There are user name, password, connection type and idle time settings need to be done.

User Name

Password

Service Name

If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface, fill in the user name and password to login the PPPoE server.

If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface, fill in the user name and password to login the PPPoE server.

Fill in the service name of Service Name. The default value is empty.

Connection Type Select the connection type from pull-down menu. There are Continuous, Connect on Demand and Manual three types to select.

Continuous connection type means to setup the connection through PPPoE protocol whenever this

WLAN Broadband Router is powered on.

Connect on Demand connection type means to setup the connection through PPPoE protocol whenever you send

30


Idle Time the data packets out through the WAN interface; there are a watchdog implemented to close the PPPoE connection while there are no data sent out longer than the idle time set.

Manual connection type means to setup the connection through the PPPoE protocol by clicking the Connect button manually, and clicking the Disconnect button manually.

If you select the PPPoE and Connect on Demand connection type, fill in the idle time for auto-disconnect function. Value can be between 1 and 1000 minutes.

MTU Size Fill in the mtu size of MTU Size. The default value is

1400. Refer to 4.23 What is Maximum Transmission Unit

(MTU) Size?

Attain DNS

Automatically

Click to select getting DNS address for PPPoE support.

Please select Set DNS Manually if the PPPoE support is selected.

Set DNS Manually Click to select getting DNS address for Static IP support.

DNS 1

DNS 2



DNS 3 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 3.

Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC address to be cloned. Refer to 4.24 What is Clone MAC Address?

Enable uPNP

Enable Web Server

Access on WAN




WAN side.


Reply


31


Screen snapshot – WAN Interface Setup – PPTP

Item

PPTP

Description

Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site directly to secure the data transmission among the connection. User can use embedded PPTP client supported by this router to make a VPN connection.

IP Address

Subnet Mask

If you select the PPTP support on WAN interface, fill in the IP address for it.

If you select the PPTP support on WAN interface, fill in the subnet mask for it.

Server IP Address

User Name

Password

MTU Size

Request MPPE

Enter the IP address of the PPTP Server.

If you select the PPTP support on WAN interface, fill in the user name and password to login the PPTP server. f you select the PPTP support on WAN interface, fill in the user name and password to login the PPTP server.

Fill in the mtu size of MTU Size. The default value is

1400. Refer to 4.23 What is Maximum Transmission Unit

(MTU) Size?

Click the checkbox to enable request MPPE encryption.

32


Encryption

Attain DNS

Automatically

Click to select getting DNS address for PPTP support.

Please select Set DNS Manually if the PPTP support is selected.

Set DNS Manually Click to select getting DNS address for PPTP support.

DNS 1

DNS 2

DNS 3






Enable uPNP

Enable Web Server

Access on WAN




WAN side.


Reply


3.3.12 Firewall - Port Filtering

Entries in this table are used to restrict certain types of data packets from your local network to Internet through the Gateway. Use of such filters can be helpful in securing or restricting your local network.

33


Screen snapshot – Firewall - Port Filtering


Enable Port Filtering Click to enable the port filtering security function.

Port Range

Protocol

Comments

Apply Changes

To restrict data transmission from the local network on certain ports, fill in the range of start-port and end-port, and the protocol, also put your comments on it.

The Protocol can be TCP, UDP or Both.

Comments let you know about whys to restrict data from the ports.

Click the Apply Changes button to register the ports to port filtering list.

Delete Selected


Click to delete the selected port range that will be removed from the port-filtering list.

Click to delete all the registered entries from the port-filtering list. previous configuration setting.

3.3.13 Firewall - IP Filtering

Entries in this table are used to restrict certain types of data packets from your local network to Internet through the Gateway. Use of such filters can be helpful in securing or restricting your local network.

34


Screen snapshot – Firewall - IP Filtering

Item

Enable IP Filtering

Description

Click to enable the IP filtering security function.

Local IP Address

Protocol

Comments

Apply Changes

To restrict data transmission from local network on certain IP addresses, fill in the IP address and the protocol, also put your comments on it.


Comments let you know about whys to restrict data from the IP address.

Click the Apply Changes button to register the IP address to IP filtering list.

Delete Selected


Click to delete the selected IP address that will be removed from the IP-filtering list.

Click to delete all the registered entries from the

IP-filtering list. previous configuration setting.

3.3.14 Firewall - MAC Filtering

Entries in this table are used to restrict certain types of data packets from your local network to Internet through the Gateway. Use of such filters can be

35

USER’S MANUAL OF WLAN BROADBAND ROUTER helpful in securing or restricting your local network.

Version: 2.0

Screen snapshot – Firewall - MAC Filtering


Enable MAC Filtering Click to enable the MAC filtering security function.

MAC Address

Comments

Apply Changes

To restrict data transmission from local network on certain MAC addresses, fill in the MAC address and your comments on it.

Comments let you know about whys to restrict data from the MAC address.

Click the Apply Changes button to register the MAC address to MAC filtering list.

Delete Selected


Click to delete the selected MAC address that will be removed from the MAC-filtering list.

Click to delete all the registered entries from the

MAC-filtering list. previous configuration setting.

3.3.15 Firewall - Port Forwarding

Entries in this table allow you to automatically redirect common network services to a specific machine behind the NAT firewall. These settings are only

36

USER’S MANUAL OF WLAN BROADBAND ROUTER Version: 2.0 necessary if you wish to host some sort of server like a web server or mail server on the private local network behind your Gateway's NAT firewall.

Screen snapshot – Firewall - Port Forwarding


Enable Port Forwarding Click to enable the Port Forwarding security function.

IP Address

Protocol

Port Range

Comment

Apply Changes

To forward data packets coming from WAN to a specific

IP address that hosted in local network behind the NAT firewall, fill in the IP address, protocol, port range and your comments.


The Port Range for data transmission.

Comments let you know about whys to allow data packets forward to the IP address and port number.

Click the Apply Changes button to register the IP address and port number to Port forwarding list.

Delete Selected


Click to delete the selected IP address and port number that will be removed from the port-forwarding list.

Click to delete all the registered entries from the port-forwarding list.

37

USER’S MANUAL OF WLAN BROADBAND ROUTER Version: 2.0 previous configuration setting.

3.3.16 Firewall – URL Filtering

URL Filtering is used to restrict users to access specific websites in internet.

Screen snapshot – Firewall – URL Filtering


Enable URL Filtering Click to enable the URL Filtering function.

URL Address Add one URL address.

Apply Changes

Delete Selected

Delete All

Click the Apply Changes button to save settings. previous configuration setting.

Click to delete the selected URL address that will be removed from the URL Filtering list.

Click to delete all the registered entries from the URL

Filtering list. previous configuration setting.

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3.3.17 Firewall - DMZ

A Demilitarized Zone is used to provide Internet services without sacrificing unauthorized access to its local private network. Typically, the DMZ host contains devices accessible to Internet traffic, such as Web (HTTP) servers,

FTP servers, SMTP (e-mail) servers and DNS servers.

Screen snapshot – Firewall - DMZ

Item

Enable DMZ

Description

Click to enable the DMZ function.

DMZ Host IP Address To support DMZ in your firewall design, fill in the IP address of DMZ host that can be access from the WAN interface.

Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to register the IP address of DMZ host. previous configuration setting.

3.3.18 VPN Setting

This page is used to show VPN connection table, configure IPSEC VPN, NAT

Traversal, Generate RSA Key, Show RSA Public Key.

39


Screen snapshot – VPN Setup


Enable IPSEC VPN

Click to enable IPSEC VPN function. Refer to 4.27 What

is VPN? and 4.28 What is IPSEC?

Enable NAT Traversal Click to enable NAT Traversal function.

Generate RSA Key Click to generate RSA key.

Show RSA Public Key Click to show RSA public key that we generate.

Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to enable IPSEC VPN,

NAT Traversal settings.

Current VPN

Connection Table

Edit

Delete

It shows current WAN interface information and VPN connection table.

Click to enter the current VPN tunnel configuration page.

Refresh

Click to delete the current VPN tunnel that radio button stay.

Click to refresh the current VPN connection table.

40


I VPN Setup - Edit Tunnel

Version: 2.0

Screen snapshot – VPN Setup-Edit-1

Item

Enable Tunnel #

Description

Click to enable the IPSEC VPN current tunnel.

Connection Name

Auth Type

Assign the connection name tag.

Click to select PSK or RSA.

Local Site

Local IP

Address/Network

Local Subnet Mask

Remote Site

Remote Secure

Gateway

Remote IP

Address/Network

Remote Subnet Mask

Local/Peer ID

Local ID Type

Local ID

Remote ID Type

Click to select Single Address or Subnet Address VPN connection.

Fill in IP address or subnet address depends on which

Local Site option you choose.

Fill in the local subnet mask.

Click to select Single Address, Subnet Address, Any

Address or NAT-T Any Address VPN remote connection.

Fill in remote gateway IP address

Fill in IP address or subnet address depends on which

Remote Site option you choose.

Fill in remote subnet mask

Define IKE exchange information type

Click to select IP, DNS or E-mail as local exchange type

Fill in local ID except IP selected

Click to select IP, DNS or E-mail as remote exchange

41

USER’S MANUAL OF WLAN BROADBAND ROUTER type

Fill in remote ID except IP selected Remote ID

Version: 2.0

Screen snapshot – VPN Setup-Edit-2

Item

Key Management

Description

Click to select IKE or Manual mode.

Connection Type

Connect

Disconnect

ESP

Click to select Initiator or Responder mode.

Click to connect manually. [Responder mode only]

Click to disconnect manually. [Responder mode only].

Click to configure 3DES, AES128 or NULL encryption.

Click to configure MD5 or SHA1 authentication.

PreShared Key

Remote RSA Key

Fill in the key value. [IKE mode only]

Fill in the remote gateway RSA key. [IKE mode only]

Status

SPI

Encryption Key

It shows connection status. [IKE mode only]

Fill in Security Parameter Index value. [Manual mode

only]

Fill in encryption key. [Manual mode only]

Authentication Key Fill in authentication key. [Manual mode only]

Apply Change Click the Apply Changes button to save current tunnel settings.

Refresh

Back previous configuration setting.

It shows the current connection status. [Manual mode

only]

It returns back to VPN Setup page.

42


II Advanced IKE Setup

Version: 2.0

Screen snapshot – Advanced VPN Settings for IKE

Item

Phase 1

Description

Negotiation Mode Main mode.

Encryption Algorithm Click to select 3DES or AES128 encryption.

Authentication

Algorithm

Click to select MD5 or SHA1 authentication.

Key Group

Key Life Time

Phase 2

Click to select DH1(modp768), DH2(modp1024) or

DH5(modp1536) key group. Default value is DH2

Fill in the key life time value by seconds.

43


Active Protocol ESP.

Encryption Algorithm Click to select 3DES, AES128 or NULL encryption.

Authentication

Algorithm

Click to select MD5 or SHA1 authentication.

Key Life Time Fill in the key life time value by seconds.

Perfect Forward

Secrecy (PFS)

Click to select ON or NONE. any changes.

3.3.19 Management - Statistics

This page shows the packet counters for transmission and reception regarding to wireless, Ethernet LAN and Ethernet WAN networks.

Screen snapshot – Management - Statistics

Item

Wireless LAN

Sent Packets

Description

It shows the statistic count of sent packets on the wireless

LAN interface.

Wireless LAN

Received Packets

Ethernet LAN

Sent Packets

Ethernet LAN

It shows the statistic count of received packets on the wireless LAN interface.

It shows the statistic count of sent packets on the

Ethernet LAN interface.

It shows the statistic count of received packets on the

44



Ethernet WAN

Sent Packets

Ethernet WAN


Ethernet LAN interface.

It shows the statistic count of sent packets on the

Ethernet WAN interface.

It shows the statistic count of received packets on the

Ethernet WAN interface.

Refresh Click the refresh the statistic counters on the screen.

3.3.20 Management - DDNS

This page is used to configure Dynamic DNS service to have DNS with dynamic IP address.

Screen snapshot – Management – DDNS

Item

Enable DDNS

Description

Click the checkbox to enable DDNS service. Refer to

4.25 What is DDNS?

Service Provider

Domain Name

User Name/Email

Password/Key

Apply Change

Click the drop down menu to pickup the right provider.

To configure the Domain Name.

Configure User Name, Email.

Configure Password, Key.

Click the Apply Changes button to save the enable

DDNS service. previous configuration setting.

45


3.3.21 Management - Time Zone Setting

This page is used to configure NTP client to get current time.

Version: 2.0

Screen snapshot – Management – Time Zone Settings

Item

Current Time

Description

It shows the current time.

Time Zone Select

Enable NTP client update

Click the time zone in your country.

Click the checkbox to enable NTP client update. Refer to

4.26 What is NTP Client?

NTP Server

Apply Change

Click select default or input NTP server IP address.

Click the Apply Changes button to save and enable NTP client service.

Refresh previous configuration setting.

Click the refresh the current time shown on the screen.

3.3.22 Management – Denial-of-Service

This page is used to enable and setup protection to prevent attack by hacker’s program. It provides more security for users.

46


Screen snapshot – Management – Denial-of-Service


Enable DoS Prevention Click the checkbox to enable DoS prevention.

Whole System Flood /

Per-Source IP Flood…

Enable and setup prevention in details.

Select ALL Click the checkbox to enable all prevention items.

Clear ALL

Apply Changes

Click the checkbox to disable all prevention items.

Click the Apply Changes button to save above settings.

3.3.23 Management - Log

This page is used to configure the remote log server and shown the current log.

47


Screen snapshot – Management – Log

Item

Enable Log

Description

Click the checkbox to enable log.

System all

Wirelessy

DoS

Show all log of wireless broadband router

Only show wireless log

Only show Denial-of-Service log

Enable Remote Log Click the checkbox to enable remote log service.

Log Server IP Address Input the remote log IP address

Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to save above settings.

Refresh

Clear

Click the refresh the log shown on the screen.

Clear log display screen

3.3.24 Management - Upgrade Firmware

This page allows you upgrade the Access Point firmware to new version.

Please note, do not power off the device during the upload because it may crash the system.

48


Screen snapshot – Management - Upgrade Firmware

Item

Select File

Description

Click the Browse button to select the new version of web firmware image file. firmware image to the WLAN Broadband Router. previous configuration setting.

3.3.25 Management Save/ Reload Settings

This page allows you save current settings to a file or reload the settings from the file that was saved previously. Besides, you could reset the current configuration to factory default.

Screen snapshot – Management - Save/Reload Settings


Save Settings to File Click the Save button to download the configuration parameters to your personal computer.

Load Settings from File Click the Browse button to select the configuration files then click the Upload button to update the selected

49


Reset Settings to

Default configuration to the WLAN Broadband Router.

Click the Reset button to reset the configuration parameter to factory defaults.

3.3.26 Management - Password Setup

This page is used to set the account to access the web server of Access Point.

Empty user name and password will disable the protection.

+

Screen snapshot – Management - Password Setup

Item

User Name

New Password

Description

Fill in the user name for web management login control.

Fill in the password for web management login control.

Confirmed Password Because the password input is invisible, so please fill in the password again for confirmation purpose.

Apply Changes Clear the User Name and Password fields to empty, means to apply no web management login control.


3.3.27 Logout

This page is used to logout web management page. This item will be activated next time you login after you define user account and password.

50


Screen snapshot – Logout

Screen snapshot – Logout - OK

Item

Apply Change

Description

Click the Apply Change button, Then click OK button to logout.

51


4 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

4.1 What and how to find my PC’s IP and MAC address?

IP address is the identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network. Networks using the TCP/IP protocol route messages based on the IP address of the destination.

The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods. Each number can be zero to 255. For example, 191.168.1.254 could be an IP address.

The MAC (Media Access Control) address is your computer's unique hardware number.

(On an Ethernet LAN, it's the same as your Ethernet address.) When you're connected to the Internet from your computer (or host as the Internet protocol thinks of it), a correspondence table relates your IP address to your computer's physical (MAC) address on the LAN.

To find your PC’s IP and MAC address,

! Open the Command program in the Microsoft Windows.

! Type in ipconfig /all then press the Enter button.

# Your PC’s IP address is the one entitled IP Address and your PC’s MAC address is the one entitled Physical Address.

4.2 What is Wireless LAN?

A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a network that allows access to Internet without the need for any wired connections to the user’s machine.

4.3 What are ISM bands?

ISM stands for Industrial, Scientific and Medical; radio frequency bands that the Federal

Communications Commission (FCC) authorized for wireless LANs. The ISM bands are located at 915 +/- 13 MHz, 2450 +/- 50 MHz and 5800 +/- 75 MHz.

4.4 How does wireless networking work?

The 802.11 standard define two modes: infrastructure mode and ad hoc mode. In infrastructure mode, the wireless network consists of at least one access point connected to the wired network infrastructure and a set of wireless end stations. This configuration is called a Basic Service Set (BSS). An Extended Service Set (ESS) is a set of two or more BSSs forming a single subnetwork. Since most corporate WLANs require access

52

USER’S MANUAL OF WLAN BROADBAND ROUTER Version: 2.0 to the wired LAN for services (file servers, printers, Internet links) they will operate in infrastructure mode.

Example 1: wireless Infrastructure Mode

Ad hoc mode (also called peer-to-peer mode or an Independent Basic Service Set, or

IBSS) is simply a set of 802.11 wireless stations that communicate directly with one another without using an access point or any connection to a wired network. This mode is useful for quickly and easily setting up a wireless network anywhere that a wireless infrastructure does not exist or is not required for services, such as a hotel room, convention center, or airport, or where access to the wired network is barred (such as for consultants at a client site).

Example 2: wireless Ad Hoc Mode

4.5 What is BSSID?

A six-byte address that distinguishes a particular a particular access point from others.

Also know as just SSID. Serves as a network ID or name.

4.6 What is ESSID?

The Extended Service Set ID (ESSID) is the name of the network you want to access. It is used to identify different wireless networks.

53


4.7

What are potential factors that may causes interference?

Factors of interference:

# Obstacles: walls, ceilings, furniture… etc.

# Building Materials: metal door, aluminum studs.

# Electrical devices: microwaves, monitors and electrical motors.

Solutions to overcome the interferences:

! Minimizing the number of walls and ceilings.

! Position the WLAN antenna for best reception.

! Keep WLAN devices away from other electrical devices, eg: microwaves, monitors, electric motors, … etc.

! Add additional WLAN Access Points if necessary.

4.8 What are the Open System and Shared Key authentications?

IEEE 802.11 supports two subtypes of network authentication services: open system and shared key. Under open system authentication, any wireless station can request authentication. The station that needs to authenticate with another wireless station sends an authentication management frame that contains the identity of the sending station.

The receiving station then returns a frame that indicates whether it recognizes the sending station. Under shared key authentication, each wireless station is assumed to have received a secret shared key over a secure channel that is independent from the

802.11 wireless network communications channel.

4.9 What is WEP?

An optional IEEE 802.11 function that offers frame transmission privacy similar to a wired network. The Wired Equivalent Privacy generates secret shared encryption keys that both source and destination stations can use to alert frame bits to avoid disclosure to eavesdroppers.

WEP relies on a secret key that is shared between a mobile station (e.g. a laptop with a wireless Ethernet card) and an access point (i.e. a base station). The secret key is used to encrypt packets before they are transmitted, and an integrity check is used to ensure that packets are not modified in transit.

4.10 What is Fragment Threshold?

The proposed protocol uses the frame fragmentation mechanism defined in IEEE 802.11 to achieve parallel transmissions. A large data frame is fragmented into several

54

USER’S MANUAL OF WLAN BROADBAND ROUTER Version: 2.0 fragments each of size equal to fragment threshold. By tuning the fragment threshold value, we can get varying fragment sizes. The determination of an efficient fragment threshold is an important issue in this scheme. If the fragment threshold is small, the overlap part of the master and parallel transmissions is large. This means the spatial reuse ratio of parallel transmissions is high. In contrast, with a large fragment threshold, the overlap is small and the spatial reuse ratio is low. However high fragment threshold leads to low fragment overhead. Hence there is a trade-off between spatial re-use and fragment overhead.

Fragment threshold is the maximum packet size used for fragmentation. Packets larger than the size programmed in this field will be fragmented.

If you find that your corrupted packets or asymmetric packet reception (all send packets, for example). You may want to try lowering your fragmentation threshold. This will cause packets to be broken into smaller fragments. These small fragments, if corrupted, can be resent faster than a larger fragment. Fragmentation increases overhead, so you'll want to keep this value as close to the maximum value as possible.

4.11 What is RTS (Request To Send) Threshold?

The RTS threshold is the packet size at which packet transmission is governed by the

RTS/CTS transaction. The IEEE 802.11-1997 standard allows for short packets to be transmitted without RTS/CTS transactions. Each station can have a different RTS threshold. RTS/CTS is used when the data packet size exceeds the defined RTS threshold. With the CSMA/CA transmission mechanism, the transmitting station sends out an RTS packet to the receiving station, and waits for the receiving station to send back a CTS (Clear to Send) packet before sending the actual packet data.

This setting is useful for networks with many clients. With many clients, and a high network load, there will be many more collisions. By lowering the RTS threshold, there may be fewer collisions, and performance should improve. Basically, with a faster RTS threshold, the system can recover from problems faster. RTS packets consume valuable bandwidth, however, so setting this value too low will limit performance.

4.12 What is Beacon Interval?

In addition to data frames that carry information from higher layers, 802.11 includes management and control frames that support data transfer. The beacon frame, which is a type of management frame, provides the "heartbeat" of a wireless LAN, enabling

55

USER’S MANUAL OF WLAN BROADBAND ROUTER Version: 2.0 stations to establish and maintain communications in an orderly fashion.

Beacon Interval represents the amount of time between beacon transmissions. Before a station enters power save mode, the station needs the beacon interval to know when to wake up to receive the beacon (and learn whether there are buffered frames at the access point).

4.13 What is Preamble Type?

There are two preamble types defined in IEEE 802.11 specification. A long preamble basically gives the decoder more time to process the preamble. All 802.11 devices support a long preamble. The short preamble is designed to improve efficiency (for example, for VoIP systems). The difference between the two is in the Synchronization field. The long preamble is 128 bits, and the short is 56 bits.

4.14 What is SSID Broadcast?

Broadcast of SSID is done in access points by the beacon. This announces your access point (including various bits of information about it) to the wireless world around it. By disabling that feature, the SSID configured in the client must match the SSID of the access point.

Some wireless devices don't work properly if SSID isn't broadcast (for example the

D-link DWL-120 USB 802.11b adapter). Generally if your client hardware supports operation with SSID disabled, it's not a bad idea to run that way to enhance network security. However it's no replacement for WEP, MAC filtering or other protections.

4.15 What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?

Wi-Fi’s original security mechanism, Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), has been viewed as insufficient for securing confidential business communications. A longer-term solution, the IEEE 802.11i standard, is under development. However, since the IEEE

802.11i standard is not expected to be published until the end of 2003, several members of the WI-Fi Alliance teamed up with members of the IEEE 802.11i task group to develop a significant near-term enhancement to Wi-Fi security. Together, this team developed Wi-Fi Protected Access.

To upgrade a WLAN network to support WPA, Access Points will require a WPA software upgrade. Clients will require a software upgrade for the network interface card, and possibly a software update for the operating system. For enterprise networks, an

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USER’S MANUAL OF WLAN BROADBAND ROUTER Version: 2.0 authentication server, typically one that supports RADIUS and the selected EAP authentication protocol, will be added to the network.

4.16 What WPA2?

It is the second generation of WPA. WPA2 is based on the final IEEE 802.11i amendment to the 802.11 standard.

4.17 What is 802.1x Authentication?

802.1x is a framework for authenticated MAC-level access control, defines Extensible

Authentication Protocol (EAP) over LANs (WAPOL). The standard encapsulates and leverages much of EAP, which was defined for dial-up authentication with

Point-to-Point Protocol in RFC 2284.

Beyond encapsulating EAP packets, the 802.1x standard also defines EAPOL messages that convey the shared key information critical for wireless security.

4.18 What is Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)?

The Temporal Key Integrity Protocol, pronounced tee-kip, is part of the IEEE 802.11i encryption standard for wireless LANs. TKIP is the next generation of WEP, the Wired

Equivalency Protocol, which is used to secure 802.11 wireless LANs. TKIP provides per-packet key mixing, a message integrity check and a re-keying mechanism, thus fixing the flaws of WEP.

4.19 What is Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)?

Security issues are a major concern for wireless LANs, AES is the U.S. government’s next-generation cryptography algorithm, which will replace DES and 3DES.

4.20 What is Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP)?

The IEEE 802.11f Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP) supports Access Point Vendor interoperability, enabling roaming of 802.11 Stations within IP subnet.

IAPP defines messages and data to be exchanged between Access Points and between the IAPP and high layer management entities to support roaming. The IAPP protocol uses TCP for inter-Access Point communication and UDP for RADIUS request/response exchanges. It also uses Layer 2 frames to update the forwarding tables of Layer 2 devices.

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4.21 What is Wireless Distribution System (WDS)?

The Wireless Distribution System feature allows WLAN AP to talk directly to other APs via wireless channel, like the wireless bridge or repeater service.

4.22 What is Universal Plug and Play (uPNP)?

UPnP is an open networking architecture that consists of services, devices, and control points. The ultimate goal is to allow data communication among all UPnP devices regardless of media, operating system, programming language, and wired/wireless connection.

4.23 What is Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) Size?

Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) indicates the network stack of any packet is larger than this value will be fragmented before the transmission. During the PPP negotiation, the peer of the PPP connection will indicate its MRU and will be accepted. The actual

MTU of the PPP connection will be set to the smaller one of MTU and the peer’s MRU.

The default is value 1400.

4.24 What is Clone MAC Address?

Clone MAC address is designed for your special application that request the clients to register to a server machine with one identified MAC address.

Since that all the clients will communicate outside world through the WLAN Broadband

Router, so have the cloned MAC address set on the WLAN Broadband Router will solve the issue.

4.25 What is DDNS?

DDNS is the abbreviation of Dynamic Domain Name Server. It is designed for user own the DNS server with dynamic WAN IP address.

4.26 What is NTP Client?

NTP client is designed for fetching the current timestamp from internet via Network

Time protocol. User can specify time zone, NTP server IP address.

4.27 What VPN?

VPN is the abbreviation of Virtual Private Network. It is designed for creating point-to point private link via shared or public network.

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4.28 What is IPSEC?

IPSEC is the abbreviation of IP Security. It is used to transferring data securely under

VPN.

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5 Configuration Examples

5.1 Example One – PPPoE on the WAN

Sales division of Company ABC likes to establish a WLAN network to support mobile communication on sales’ Notebook PCs. MIS engineer collects information and plans the WLAN Broadband Router implementation by the following configuration.

WAN configuration:

PPPoE

User Name

Password

H890123456

PW192867543210

LAN configuration

IP Address

Subnet Mask

192.168.1.254

255.255.255.0

Default Gateway 0.0.0.0

DHCP Client Range 192.168.1.100 – 192.168.1.200

WLAN configuration

SSID MyWLAN

Channel Number 11

SSID: MyWLAN

Channel: 11

DHCP client

SSID: MyWLAN

Channel: 11

DHCP client

SSID: MyWLAN

Channel: 11

DHCP client

SSID: MyWLAN

Channel: 11

DHCP range: 192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.200

SSID: MyWLAN

Channel: 11

DHCP client

Ethernet

Cable

Internet xDSL/ CM

Bridge mode

PPPoE connection parameters:

User Name: H890123456

Passwrod: pw192867543210

Power adapter

Ethernet cable

DHCP client

Figure 3 – Configuration Example One – PPPoE on the WAN

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Configure the WAN interface:

Open WAN Interface Setup page, select PPPoE then enter the User Name

“H890123456” and

Password

“PW192867543210”, the password is encrypted to display on the screen.

Press button to confirm the configuration setting.

Configure the LAN interface:

Open LAN Interface Setup page, enter the IP Address

“192.168.1.254”, Subnet

Mask “255.255.255.0”,

D efault Gateway “0.0.0.0”, enable DHCP Server,

DHCP client range

“ 192.168.1.100” to

“ 192.168.1.200”.


Version: 2.0

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Configure the WLAN

interface:

Open WLAN Interface

Setup page, enter the SSID

“MyWLAN”, Channel

Number “11”.

P ress button to confirm the configuration setting.

5.2 Example Two – Fixed IP on the WAN

Company ABC likes to establish a WLAN network to support mobile communication on all employees’ Notebook PCs. MIS engineer collects information and plans the

WLAN Broadband Router implementation by the following configuration.

W AN configuration:

Fixed IP

IP Address 192.168.2.254

Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0


DNS Address 168.95.1.1

LAN configuration

IP Address

DHCP Client Range

WL AN configuration

192.168.1.254

Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0


192.168.1.100 – 192.168.1.200

SSID MyWLAN

Channel Number 11

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SSID: MyWLAN

Channel: 11

DHCP client

SSID: MyWLAN

Channel: 11

DHCP client

SSID: MyWLAN

Channel: 11

DHCP client

SSID: MyWLAN

Channel: 11

DHCP client

SSID: MyWLAN

Channel: 11

DHCP range: 192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.200

WAN IP: 192.168.2.254/ 255.255.255.0

Internet

Ethernet

Cable

192.168.2.10/ 255.255.255.0

xDSL/ CM

Router mode

Ethernet cable

Power adapter

DHCP client

Figure 4 – Configuration Example Two – Fixed IP on the WAN

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Configure the WAN interface:

Open WAN Interface

Setup page, select Fixed

IP then enter IP Address

“192.168.2.254”, subnet mask “255.255.255.0”,

Default gateway

“192.168.2.10”.


Configure the LAN interface:

Open LAN Interface

Setup page, enter the IP

Address “192.168.1.254”,

Subnet Mask

“255.255.255.0”, enable

DHCP Server, DHCP client range

“192.168.1.100” to

“192.168.1.200”.


Version: 2.0

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Configure the WLAN interface:

Open WLAN Interface Setup page, enter the SSID

“MyWLAN”, Channel Number

“11”.


Version: 2.0

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