Texas Instruments DN031 -- CC-Antenna-DK Documentation and Antenna Measurements Summary Application Note
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Design Note DN031
CC-Antenna-DK and Antenna Measurements Summary
By Richard Wallace
Keywords
• 169 MHz (136 – 240 MHz) Antenna
• 315 MHz (273 – 348 MHz) Antenna
• 433 MHz (387 – 510 MHz) Antenna
• 868 MHz (779 – 960 MHz) Antenna
• 915 MHz (779 – 960 MHz) Antenna
• 2440 MHz Antenna
• PCB Antenna
• Wire Antenna
• Ceramic Chip Antenna
• CC-Antenna-DK
• Dual Band Antenna (868 & 2440 MHz)
• Mitsubishi Chip Antenna
• Pulse Chip Antenna
• Helical Wire Antenna
• Pulse Helical Wire Antenna
1 Introduction
The main purpose of the CC-Antenna-DK is to ease the decision for which type of low cost antenna can be implemented as well as give an estimation of the performance that can be achieved.
The frequency range of the antennas is from 136 MHz to 2480 MHz. The A4 sized
PCB panel contains 16 different boards;
13 antenna designs and 3 boards for calibration purposes. Each board has been v-cut and can be snapped out of the
PCB panel.
All antennas are tuned for connecting to an EM board on the EB platform. A matching network is used on each antenna design so the antenna boards can matched for other GND sizes than the
EB board.
Additionally, the ambition with this document is to collect the various antenna measurements that have been performed and to compare the results obtained in an overview format. Terminology, antenna characteristics, fundamentals of antenna design, and measurement procedures are covered in the Antenna Selection Guide
[18]. For each antenna, a CTIA
measurement summary is provided in this report with a link to the full measurement
CTIA report. DN6xx is designated for CTIA measurement reports.
Choosing the correct antenna for the application is crucial if the optimum range is to be achieved. Similarly, for a given distance, the power can be reduced on the transmitter side if the optimum antenna is chosen.
Antennas are categorized under the operating frequency (169 MHz, 315 MHz,
433 MHz, 868 / 915 MHz or 2.44 GHz) and then the type of antenna (PCB
Antennas, Chip Antennas, and Wire
Antennas). The main focus is on PCB,
Wire and Chip antennas, since these are mainly used in high volume products.
SWRA328 Page 1 of 55
Design Note DN031
Table of Contents
Board #1: “Short” Calibration Board
Board #2: “Load” Calibration Board
Board #3: Mitsubishi Chip Antenna – 868 MHz
Board #4: Pulse Chip Antenna – 868 MHz
Board #5: Large Flexi Antenna – 868 MHz
Board #6: Dual Band Antenna – 868 MHz & 2440 MHz
Board #7: Inverted F-Antenna – 2440 MHz
Board #8: Pulse Helical Wire Antenna – 433 MHz
Board #9: “Open” Calibration Board
Board #10: Small Flexi Antenna – 868 MHz
Board #11: Helical Wire Antenna – 915 MHz
Board #12: Mitsubishi Chip Antenna – 433 MHz
Board #13: Antenna Factor Helical Wire Antenna – 433 MHz
Board #14: Antenna Factor Helical Wire Antenna – 169 MHz
Board #15: Meandered Antenna – 2440 MHz
Board #16: Pulse Helical Wire Antenna – 315 MHz
XYZ Co-ordinates for Antenna Diagrams 38
A NTENNA E FFICIENCY S UMMARY (169 MH Z ) 40
A NTENNA E FFICIENCY S UMMARY (315 MH Z ) 42
Wire Antennas (868 – 955 MHz) 47
A NTENNA E FFICIENCY S UMMARY ON EB (868 – 955 MH Z ) 48
A NTENNA E FFICIENCY S UMMARY – S TAND A LONE (868 – 955 MH Z ) 48
A NTENNA E FFICIENCY S UMMARY ON EB (2.4
SWRA328 Page 2 of 55
2 Abbreviations
Design Note DN031
EIRP
CITA
Device Test
Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association
NHPRP
NHPRP45
Near Horizon Partial Radiated Power
Near Horizon Partial Radiated Power within 45 degrees angle
Printed Board
SWRA328 Page 3 of 55
3 CC-Antenna-DK Rev 1.0.0.
Design Note DN031
The CC-Antenna-DK PCB panel contains 16 different boards; 13 antenna designs and 3 boards for calibration purposes. Each board has been v-cut and can be snapped out of the
Each board has a height of 95 mm and a width of 20 mm to 45 mm. The PCB is 1.6 mm thick and has a dielectric of 4.2.
The schematic (PDF), layout (PDF and gerbers), PCB stack-up (PDF) are provided in the CC-
Antenna-DK documentation in the zip file [19].
Figure 1: CC-Antenna-DK Board Showing Top Metal Layer, Silkscreen and V-cut Track
All Low Power Wireless chips have their own specific reference designs. Each reference
design is implemented on an Evaluation Module (EM). Figure 2 shows a typical EM that is
used for CC2500 ref design.
Figure 2. Picture of CC2500 Evaluation Module (EM)
SWRA328 Page 4 of 55
Design Note DN031
The EM board is inserted onto the main Evaluation Board platform so the reference design implemented on the EM can be evaluated. The EM board is inserted onto the top, right side of
the SmartRF04EB board as can be seen in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Picture of SmartRF04EB Evaluation Board (EB)
All antennas have been measured and tuned for connecting to an EM board inserted onto an
EB board unless other specified; this is illustrated in Figure 4.
Figure 4: Connectivity of Antenna Board #6 to a CC1101 EM Board on the EB Platform
SWRA328 Page 5 of 55
Design Note DN031
A matching network is used on each antenna design so the antenna boards can matched for
other GND sizes than the EB board, refer to Figure 5.
Figure 5: CC-Antenna-DK Panel Picture
Sections 3.1.1 to 3.1.16 show the top metal layer in blue and the bottom layer in red.
The efficiency of the antenna (>868 MHz) is normally increased when used as a stand alone board. The lower frequencies (<433 MHz) require a larger GND plane / antenna to achieve high total radiated power (TRP).
Two types of antenna (board 6, 3.1.6 and board 7, 3.1.7) have been chosen to illustrate that
the TRP is increased when used as a stand alone compared to using the antennas on the EM
& EB platform.
SWRA328 Page 6 of 55
3.1.1 Board #1: “Short” Calibration Board
Design Note DN031
Figure 6: Board #1 – “Short” Calibration Board
Size
PCB Board
Width (mm)
20
Height (mm)
95
BOM Ref. Designator
-
Part Number
-
Value
-
Table 1: PCB Size and BOM for Board #1 – “Short” Calibration Board
Three boards have been provided for calibration purposes; OPEN (3.1.9), SHORT (3.1.1), and
50 ohm LOAD (3.1.2). These boards are mainly used when working with a network analyzer.
SWRA328 Page 7 of 55
3.1.2 Board #2: “Load” Calibration Board
Design Note DN031
Figure 7: Board #2 – “Load” Calibration Board
BOM
Size
PCB Board
Ref. Designator
Width (mm)
20
Koa Part Number
Height (mm)
95
Value
Table 2: PCB Size and BOM for Board #2 – “Load” Calibration Board
Three boards have been provided for calibration purposes; OPEN (3.1.9), SHORT (3.1.1), and
50 ohm LOAD (3.1.2). These boards are mainly used when working with a network analyzer.
SWRA328 Page 8 of 55
3.1.3 Board #3: Mitsubishi Chip Antenna – 868 MHz
Design Note DN031
Figure 8: Board #3: Mitsubishi Chip Antenna – 868 MHz
Size
PCB Board
Width (mm)
30
Height (mm)
95
BOM Ref. Designator Part Number Value
-
Z31
ST01T
NC -
Z32 Murata 22 nH
Z33
LQG15HS22NJ02D
KOA RK73Z1ETTP 0 ohm
Table 3: PCB Size and BOM for Board #3: Mitsubishi Chip Antenna – 868 MHz
Pros: Good BW and easy to match.
SWRA328 Page 9 of 55
Design Note DN031
Figure 9: 56 MHz Bandwidth Measurement @ SWR of 2.0
SWRA328 Page 10 of 55
3.1.4 Board #4: Pulse Chip Antenna – 868 MHz
Design Note DN031
Figure 10: Board #4: Pulse Chip Antenna – 868 MHz
BOM
Size
PCB Board
Ref. Designator
Width (mm)
35
Part Number
Height (mm)
95
Value
Z41 KOA RK73Z1ETTP
Z42
Z43
NC
Murata
GRM1555C1H8R2CZ01D
0 ohm
-
8.2 pF
Table 4: PCB Size and BOM for Board #4: Pulse Chip Antenna – 868 MHz
Pros: Ability to place the antenna in the middle of a GND plane at the edge of the board instead of the traditional placement at top corner of a board. Good TRP efficiency when matched correctly.
Cons: Difficult to match with external discrete network. The main matching parameter is the distance to the GND around the antenna. If this distance is incorrect, then a new PCB spin is required to tune the antenna to the desired frequency. Low BW.
SWRA328 Page 11 of 55
Design Note DN031
For the CC-Antenna-DK Rev 1.0.0 PCB, the antenna chip had to be moved towards the open
GND cavity slightly to get the resonance at 868 MHz. When the antenna was centered on its pads, the resonance was around 859 MHz. This will be retuned for future revisions of the CC-
Antenna-DK.
Figure 11: 6 MHz Bandwidth Measurement @ SWR of 2.0
SWRA328 Page 12 of 55
3.1.5 Board #5: Large Flexi Antenna – 868 MHz
Design Note DN031
Figure 12: Board #5: Large Flexi Antenna – 868 MHz
Size
PCB Board
Width (mm)
45
Height (mm)
95
BOM Ref. Designator Part Number Value
Z51 Murata 6.2 pF
GRM1555C1H6R2CZ01D
Z52 Murata 5.6 nH
LQG15HS5N6S02D
Z53 NC -
Z54 KOA RK73Z1ETTP 0 ohm
Table 5: PCB Size and BOM for Board #5: Large Flexi Antenna – 868 MHz
Pros: No simulations required providing that a network analyzer is available for tuning of the antenna via the match network. Reasonable BW performance and good TRP efficiency.
Cons: Usage of discrete components in antenna matching is compulsory.
SWRA328 Page 13 of 55
Design Note DN031
Figure 13: 29 MHz Bandwidth Measurement of @ SWR of 2.0
This type of antenna basically shows that for a given available area a trace length which is shorter than a quarter wave length of the desired frequency can be matched by adding inductance to the antenna feed point.
This antenna has not been simulated, yet the TRP results are good and equal the other
antennas performances at this frequency. Board 10 (3.1.10) is similar concept but for a smaller
board size.
SWRA328 Page 14 of 55
Design Note DN031
3.1.6 Board #6: Dual Band Antenna – 868 MHz & 2440 MHz
Figure 14: Board #6: Dual Band Antenna – 868 MHz & 2440 MHz
BOM
Size
PCB Board
Ref. Designator
Width (mm)
45
Murata Part Number
Height (mm)
95
Value
Z63 NC -
Table 6: PCB Size and BOM for Board #6: Dual Band Antenna – 868 MHz & 2440 MHz
Pros: Dual band, 868 MHz and 2440 MHz. Excellent TRP for both 868 MHz and 2440 MHz.
Good BW at 868 MHz and excellent BW at 2440 MHz.
SWRA328 Page 15 of 55
Design Note DN031
Figure 15: 46 MHz Bandwidth Measurement (868 MHz) @ SWR of 2.0
Figure 16: 2400 MHz to 2480 MHz Bandwidth Measurement
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Design Note DN031
Figure 17: 700 MHz to 2500 MHz Wideband Measurement
SWRA328 Page 17 of 55
3.1.7 Board #7: Inverted F-Antenna – 2440 MHz
Design Note DN031
Figure 18: Board #7: Inverted F-Antenna – 2440 MHz
Size
PCB Board
Width (mm)
30
Height (mm)
95
BOM Ref. Designator
Z71
Koa Part Number
NC
Value
-
Z73 NC -
Table 7: PCB Size and BOM for Board #7: Inverted F-Antenna – 2440 MHz
Pros: Excellent BW and excellent TRP efficiency.
SWRA328 Page 18 of 55
Design Note DN031
Figure 19: SWR Measurement at 2400 MHz, 2440 MHz & 2480 MHz
Figure 20: 280 MHz Bandwidth Measurement (stand alone, 2440 MHz) @ SWR of 2.0
SWRA328 Page 19 of 55
Design Note DN031
3.1.8 Board #8: Pulse Helical Wire Antenna – 433 MHz
Figure 21: Board #8: Pulse Helical Wire Antenna – 433 MHz
BOM
Size
PCB Board
Ref. Designator
Width (mm)
40
Part Number
Height (mm)
95
Value
Z81 Murata 7.5 pF
GRM1555C1H7R5CZ01D
Z82 Murata 22 nH
Z83
LQG15HS22NJ02D
KOA RK73Z1ETTP 0 ohm
Table 8: PCB Size and BOM for Board #8: Pulse Helical Wire Antenna – 433 MHz
Pros: Compact design at 433 MHz. TRP efficiency can be improved if antenna is moved further away from GND plane edge. Good robust mechanical design compared to wire antenna.
SWRA328 Page 20 of 55
Design Note DN031
Figure 22: 23 MHz Bandwidth Measurement (433 MHz) of @ SWR of 2.0
SWRA328 Page 21 of 55
3.1.9 Board #9: “Open” Calibration Board
Design Note DN031
Figure 23: Board #9 – “Open” Calibration Board
Size
PCB Board
Width (mm)
20
Height (mm)
95
BOM Ref. Designator
-
Part Number
-
Value
-
Table 9: PCB Size and BOM for Board #9 – “Open” Calibration Board
Three boards have been provided for calibration purposes; OPEN (3.1.9), SHORT (3.1.1), and
50 ohm LOAD (3.1.2). These boards are mainly used when working with a network analyzer.
SWRA328 Page 22 of 55
3.1.10 Board #10: Small Flexi Antenna – 868 MHz
Design Note DN031
Figure 24: Board #10: Small Flexi Antenna – 868 MHz
Size
PCB Board
Width (mm)
20
Height (mm)
95
BOM Ref. Designator Part Number
Z101 Murata
LQG15HS10NJ02D
Z102 Murata
LQG15HS12NJ02D
Z103 NC
Z104 KOA RK73Z1ETTP
Value
10 nH
12 nH
-
0 ohm
Table 10: PCB Size and BOM for Board #10: Small Flexi Antenna – 868 MHz
Pros: No simulations required providing that a network analyzer is available for tuning of the antenna via the match network. Good BW performance and good TRP efficiency.
Cons: Usage of discrete components in antenna matching is compulsory.
SWRA328 Page 23 of 55
Design Note DN031
Figure 25: 56 MHz Bandwidth Measurement (868 MHz) @ SWR of 2.0
This type of antenna basically shows that for a given available area a trace length which is shorter than a quarter wave length of the desired frequency can be matched by adding inductance to the antenna feed point.
This antenna has not been simulated, yet the TRP results are good and equal the other
antennas performances at this frequency. Board 5 (3.1.5) is similar concept but for a larger
board size.
SWRA328 Page 24 of 55
3.1.11 Board #11: Helical Wire Antenna – 915 MHz
Design Note DN031
Figure 26: Board #11: Helical Wire Antenna – 915 MHz
Size
PCB Board
Width (mm)
30
Height (mm)
95
BOM Ref. Designator
A11
Part Number
ANTENNA FACTOR ANT-
916-HETH
Z111 NC
Z112 Murata
LQG15HS18NJ02D
Z113 Murata
LQG15HS27NJ02D
Value
-
-
18 nH
27 nH
Table 11: PCB Size and BOM for Board #11: Helical Wire Antenna – 915 MHz
Pros: Good TRP efficiency, compact design and strong mechanical design.
SWRA328 Page 25 of 55
Design Note DN031
Figure 27: 62 MHz Bandwidth Measurement (915 MHz) @ SWR of 2.0
SWRA328 Page 26 of 55
3.1.12 Board #12: Mitsubishi Chip Antenna – 433 MHz
Design Note DN031
Figure 28: Board #12: Mitsubishi Chip Antenna – 433 MHz
Size
PCB Board
Width (mm)
35
Height (mm)
95
BOM Ref. Designator Murata Part Number Value
-
Z121
Z122
ST01T
NC
Murata LQG15HS68NJ02
Z123 Murata
LQG15HS39NJ02D
-
68 nH
39 nH
Table 12: PCB Size and BOM for Board #12: Mitsubishi Chip Antenna – 433 MHz
Pros: Good BW and easy to match.
Cons: Generally, it is difficult to achieve high TRP efficiencies with a chip antenna at 433 MHz.
SWRA328 Page 27 of 55
Design Note DN031
Figure 29: 30 MHz Bandwidth Measurement (433 MHz) @ SWR of 2.0
SWRA328 Page 28 of 55
Design Note DN031
3.1.13 Board #13: Antenna Factor Helical Wire Antenna – 433 MHz
Figure 30: Board #13: Antenna Factor Helical Wire Antenna – 433 MHz
Size
PCB Board
Width (mm)
45
Height (mm)
95
BOM Ref. Designator Part Number
A13 ANTENNA FACTOR ANT-
433-HETH
Z131 NC
Value
-
Z132 Murata
LQG15HS27NJ02D
Z133 Murata
GRM1555C1H5R6CZ01D
-
27 nH
5.6 pF
Table 13: PCB Size and BOM for Board #13: Antenna Factor Helical Wire Antenna – 433
MHz
Pros: Good TRP efficiency, compact design and strong mechanical design.
SWRA328 Page 29 of 55
Design Note DN031
Figure 31: 38 MHz Bandwidth Measurement (433 MHz) @ SWR of 2.0
SWRA328 Page 30 of 55
Design Note DN031
3.1.14 Board #14: Antenna Factor Helical Wire Antenna – 169 MHz
Figure 32: Board #14: Antenna Factor Helical Wire Antenna – 169 MHz
Size
PCB Board
Width (mm)
45
Height (mm)
95
BOM Ref. Designator
A141
Part Number
ANTENNA FACTOR ANT-
315-HETH
Value
-
A142 ANTENNA FACTOR ANT-
315-HETH
Z141 NC
-
Z142 Murata
LQG15HS47NJ02D
-
47 nH
Z143 Murata 100 nH
LQG15HSR10J02
Table 14: PCB Size and BOM for Board #14: Antenna Factor Helical Wire Antenna – 169
MHz
Pros: Compact antenna design for 169 MHz.
Cons: Small BW and low TRP efficiency due to the physical size of the antenna.
SWRA328 Page 31 of 55
Design Note DN031
Figure 33: 3 MHz Bandwidth Measurement (169 MHz) @ SWR of 2.0
SWRA328 Page 32 of 55
3.1.15 Board #15: Meandered Antenna – 2440 MHz
Design Note DN031
Figure 34: Board #15: Meandered Antenna – 2440 MHz
Size
PCB Board
Width (mm)
30
Height (mm)
95
BOM Ref. Designator Part Number
Z151
Z152
NC
KOA RK73Z1ETTP
Value
-
0 ohm
Z153 Murata
GRM1555C1H1R2CZ01D
1.2 pF
Table 15: PCB Size and BOM for Board #15: Meandered Antenna – 2440 MHz
Pros: Compact antenna design at 2.44 GHz with satisfactorily BW.
SWRA328 Page 33 of 55
Design Note DN031
Figure 35: 101 MHz Bandwidth Measurement (2440 MHz) @ SWR of 2.0
SWRA328 Page 34 of 55
Design Note DN031
3.1.16 Board #16: Pulse Helical Wire Antenna – 315 MHz
Figure 36: Board #16: Pulse Helical Wire Antenna – 315 MHz
BOM
Size
PCB Board
Ref. Designator
Width (mm)
40
Part Number
Height (mm)
95
Value
Z161 Murata
GRM1555C1H220JZ01D
22 pF
Z162 Murata
LQG15HS22NJ02D
Z163 Murata
LQG15HS4N7S02D
22 nH
4.7 nH
Table 16: PCB Size and BOM for Board #16: Pulse Helical Wire Antenna – 315 MHz
Pros: Compact antenna design for 315 MHz and mechanically robust design.
Cons: BW.
SWRA328 Page 35 of 55
Design Note DN031
Figure 37: 4 MHz Bandwidth Measurement (315 MHz) @ SWR of 2.0
SWRA328 Page 36 of 55
4 Antenna Measurement Summary
Design Note DN031
4.1 Over-The-Air (OTA) Testing
OTA testing provides a more accurate testing for wireless devices in order to be able to determine the antenna characteristics of the final product. Traditionally, the antenna radiation patterns were stated as horizontal and vertical polarizations in XY, XZ & YZ planes. This information is still useful, but for the majority of wireless devices, the polarization and positioning is usually unknown and makes comparing antennas difficult.
The testing is performed in an anechoic chamber and the transmitted power is recorded in a dual polarized antenna. The DUT is fixed onto the turn arm which is on the turn table. The turn table rotates from 0 to 180 degrees and the turn arm is rotated 360 degrees so a 3D radiation diagram can illustrate the spatial distributions.
The hardware part of the test system is based on the R&S TS8991 and the software is
EMC32. Within the EMC32 program, a standard CTIA OTA report is generated from the test suite that is performed and the main results obtained are:
• Total Radiated Power, TRP (dBm)
• Peak EIRP (dBm)
• Directivity
(%)
• Gain
• NHPRP
Total Radiated Power (TRP) is calculated by integrating the power measured for the complete rotation of the DUT.
Peak Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) is the maximum value that is measured.
Directivity is the difference from the Peak EIRP and TRP.
Efficiency is the difference between the TRP and the input power delivered to the DUT. This data is presented in both dB and in percentage.
Gain is the sum of Efficiency and Directivity.
NHPRP is the Near Horizon Partial Radiated Power that is specified for 45 degrees
(NHPRP45), 30 degrees (NHPRP30) and 22.5 degrees (NHPRP22.5).
SWRA328 Page 37 of 55
4.1.1 XYZ Co-ordinates for Antenna Diagrams
Design Note DN031
Figure 38: Antenna Board XYZ Coordinate Orientation
various antennas on the CC-Antenna-DK but positioning is kept in the same position.
SWRA328 Page 38 of 55
Design Note DN031
4.2 169 MHz Band
These antennas can be used in the frequency band of 136 MHz – 240 MHz. 169 MHz was chosen so the characteristics of the antenna can be compared.
4.2.1 PCB Antennas (169 MHz)
Not recommended due to physical size
4.2.2 Chip Antennas (169 MHz)
Not recommended due to poor performance for compact designs.
SWRA328 Page 39 of 55
4.2.3 Wire Antennas (169 MHz)
Full CTIA Report
Test Description
Total Radiated Power
Peak EIRP
Design Note
(169 MHz)
DN610
Test Result
-11.62 dBm
-8.91 dBm
DN031
NHPRP 45°
NHPRP 45° / TRP
NHPRP 45° / TRP
NHPRP 30°
NHPRP 30° / TRP
NHPRP 30° / TRP
NHPRP 22.5°
NHPRP 22.5° / TRP
NHPRP 22.5° / TRP
UHRP / TRP
UHRP / TRP
LHRP / TRP
LHRP / TRP
Front/Back Ratio
PhiBW Up
PhiBW Down
ThetaBW Up
ThetaBW Down
Boresight Phi
Boresight Theta
Maximum Power
Minimum Power
Average Power
Max/Min Ratio
Max/Avg Ratio
Min/Avg Ratio
Best Single Value
Best Position
83.7 deg
42.1 deg
315 deg
45 deg
-8.91 dBm
-31.21 dBm
-12.43 dBm
22.30 dB
3.52 dB
-18.78 dB
-11.12 dBm
Phi = 285 deg;
Theta = 45 deg;
Pol = Hor
Table 17: 169 MHz Wire Antennas
-12.68 dBm
-1.07 dB
78.25 %
-14.10 dBm
-2.48 dB
56.50 %
-15.29 dBm
-3.67 dB
42.92 %
-3.01 dB
50.05 %
-3.01 dB
49.95 %
2.52
95.0 deg
82.9 deg
4.3 Antenna Efficiency Summary (169 MHz)
Ranking
1
Description
Board 14 (3.1.14)
TRP Efficiency [%]
6.89 %
Table 18: TRP (169 MHz)
SWRA328 Page 40 of 55
Design Note DN031
4.4 315 MHz Band
These antennas can be used in the frequency band of 273 MHz – 348 MHz. 315 MHz was chosen so the characteristics of the antenna can be compared.
4.4.1 PCB Antennas (315 MHz)
Not recommended due to physical size.
4.4.2 Chip Antennas (315 MHz)
Not recommended due to poor performance for compact designs.
SWRA328 Page 41 of 55
4.4.3 Wire Antennas (315 MHz)
Full CTIA Report
Test Description
Total Radiated Power
Peak EIRP
Design Note
(315 MHz)
DN612
Test Result
-8.28 dBm
-5.21 dBm
DN031
NHPRP 45°
NHPRP 45° / TRP
NHPRP 45° / TRP
NHPRP 30°
NHPRP 30° / TRP
NHPRP 30° / TRP
NHPRP 22.5°
NHPRP 22.5° / TRP
NHPRP 22.5° / TRP
UHRP / TRP
UHRP / TRP
LHRP / TRP
LHRP / TRP
Front/Back Ratio
PhiBW Up
PhiBW Down
ThetaBW Up
ThetaBW Down
Boresight Phi
Boresight Theta
Maximum Power
Minimum Power
Average Power
Max/Min Ratio
Max/Avg Ratio
Min/Avg Ratio
Best Single Value
Best Position
47.4 deg
30.5 deg
210 deg
150 deg
-5.21 dBm
-25.71 dBm
-8.15 dBm
20.50 dB
2.94 dB
-17.56 dB
-5.92 dBm
Phi = 225 deg;
Theta = 150 deg;
Pol = Ver
Table 19: 315 MHz Wire Antennas
-9.76 dBm
-1.48 dB
71.18 %
-10.96 dBm
-2.68 dB
54.00 %
-12.01 dBm
-3.73 dB
42.35 %
-2.91 dB
51.12 %
-3.11 dB
48.88 %
3.98
98.8 deg
107.4 deg
4.5 Antenna Efficiency Summary (315 MHz)
Ranking
1
Description
Board 16 (3.1.16)
TRP Efficiency [%]
14.85 %
Table 20: TRP (315 MHz)
SWRA328 Page 42 of 55
Design Note DN031
4.6 433 MHz Band
These antennas can be used in the frequency band of 387 MHz – 510 MHz. 433MHz was chosen so the characteristics of the antenna can be compared.
4.6.1 PCB Antennas (433 MHz)
Not recommended due to physical size but using concepts such as the stub antenna design
(Board #5: Large Flexi Antenna – 868 MHz and Board #10: Small Flexi Antenna – 868 MHz)
good performances can be achievable in a small size.
4.6.2 Chip Antennas (433 MHz)
Not strongly recommended due to poorer performance for compact designs.
(433 MHz)
Full CTIA Report
Test Description
Total Radiated Power
Peak EIRP
DN608
Test Result
-8.34 dBm
-3.48 dBm
NHPRP 45°
NHPRP 45° / TRP
NHPRP 45° / TRP
NHPRP 30°
NHPRP 30° / TRP
NHPRP 30° / TRP
NHPRP 22.5°
NHPRP 22.5° / TRP
NHPRP 22.5° / TRP
UHRP / TRP
UHRP / TRP
LHRP / TRP
LHRP / TRP
Front/Back Ratio
PhiBW Up
PhiBW Down
-10.42 dBm
-2.08 dB
61.97 %
-12.32 dBm
-3.98 dB
39.99 %
-13.60 dBm
-5.26 dB
29.78 %
-3.00 dB
50.10 %
-3.02 dB
49.90 %
5.57
81.6 deg
148.8 deg
ThetaBW Up
ThetaBW Down
Boresight Phi
Boresight Theta
Maximum Power
Minimum Power
Average Power
Max/Min Ratio
Max/Avg Ratio
Min/Avg Ratio
Best Single Value
Best Position
29.7 deg
20.8 deg
345 deg
150 deg
-3.48 dBm
-26.89 dBm
-7.75 dBm
23.41 dB
4.27 dB
-19.14 dB
-4.25 dBm
Phi = 300 deg;
Theta = 150 deg;
Pol = Hor
Table 21: 433 MHz Ceramic Chip Antennas
SWRA328 Page 43 of 55
Design Note DN031
4.6.3 Wire Antennas (433 MHz)
Full CTIA Report
Test Description
Total Radiated Power
Peak EIRP
Directivity
Efficiency
Efficiency
Gain
NHPRP 45°
NHPRP 45° / TRP
NHPRP 45° / TRP
NHPRP 30°
NHPRP 30° / TRP
NHPRP 30° / TRP
NHPRP 22.5°
NHPRP 22.5° / TRP
NHPRP 22.5° / TRP
UHRP
UHRP / TRP
UHRP / TRP
LHRP
LHRP / TRP
LHRP / TRP
Front/Back Ratio
PhiBW
PhiBW Up
PhiBW Down
ThetaBW
ThetaBW Up
ThetaBW Down
Boresight Phi
Boresight Theta
Maximum Power
Minimum Power
Average Power
Max/Min Ratio
Max/Avg Ratio
Min/Avg Ratio
Best Single Value
Best Position
31.52 %
-9.97 dBm
-2.89 dB
51.37 %
-10.20 dBm
-3.13 dB
48.63 %
5.21
235.5 deg
77.3 deg
158.2 deg
63.5 deg
41.2 deg
22.4 deg
(433 MHz)
DN605
Test Result
-7.07 dBm
-2.51 dBm
4.56 dBi
-7.07 dB
19.62 %
-2.51 dBi
-9.04 dBm
-1.97 dB
63.53 %
-10.84 dBm
-3.77 dB
41.99 %
-12.09 dBm
-5.01 dB
360 deg
150 deg
-2.51 dBm
-25.91 dBm
-6.57 dBm
23.40 dB
4.06 dB
-19.34 dB
-3.15 dBm
Phi = 315 deg;
Theta = 150 deg;
Pol = Hor
Table 22: 433 MHz Wire Antennas
30.75 %
-8.93 dBm
-3.00 dB
50.17 %
-8.96 dBm
-3.03 dB
49.83 %
5.57
227.9 deg
98.7 deg
129.2 deg
48.3 deg
27.8 deg
20.5 deg
(433 MHz)
DN609
Test Result
-5.93 dBm
-1.15 dBm
4.78 dBi
-5.93 dB
25.53 %
-1.15 dBi
-7.94 dBm
-2.01 dB
62.99 %
-9.79 dBm
-3.86 dB
41.13 %
-11.05 dBm
-5.12 dB
330 deg
150 deg
-1.15 dBm
-23.39 dBm
-5.42 dBm
22.24 dB
4.27 dB
-17.97 dB
-1.70 dBm
Phi = 315 deg;
Theta = 150 deg;
Pol = Hor
4.7 Antenna Efficiency Summary (433 MHz)
Ranking
1
2
3
Description
TRP Efficiency [%]
25.53 %
19.62 %
14.67 %
Table 23: TRP (433 MHz)
SWRA328 Page 44 of 55
Design Note DN031
4.8 868 / 915 / 955 MHz Band
These antennas can be used in the frequency band of 779 MHz – 960 MHz. 868 MHz & 915
MHz were chosen so the characteristics of the antenna can be compared.
4.8.1 PCB Antennas (868 – 955 MHz)
(868 MHz)
(868 MHz)
(868 MHz)
Stand Alone
(868 MHz)
(915 MHz)
Full CTIA Report
Test Description
Total Radiated Power
Peak EIRP
Directivity
Efficiency
Efficiency
Gain
NHPRP 45°
NHPRP 45° / TRP
NHPRP 45° / TRP
NHPRP 30°
NHPRP 30° / TRP
NHPRP 30° / TRP
DN602
Test Result
-1.95 dBm
3.46 dBm
5.41 dBi
-1.95 dB
63.78 %
3.46 dBi
-3.81 dBm
-1.86 dB
65.17 %
-5.69 dBm
-3.73 dB
42.32 %
DN603
Test Result
-1.95 dBm
3.61 dBm
5.55 dBi
-1.95 dB
63.89 %
3.61 dBi
-3.85 dBm
-1.90 dB
64.57 %
-5.73 dBm
-3.79 dB
41.83 %
DN616
Test Result
-0.43 dBm
5.16 dBm
5.59 dBi
-0.43 dB
90.51 %
5.16 dBi
-3.13 dBm
-2.70 dB
53.71 %
-5.19 dBm
-4.76 dB
33.46 %
DN606
Test Result
-2.82 dBm
1.38 dBm
4.20 dBi
-2.82 dB
52.29 %
1.38 dBi
-4.63 dBm
-1.81 dB
65.93 %
-6.28 dBm
-3.47 dB
44.99 %
DN606
Test Result
-1.98 dBm
2.87 dBm
4.85 dBi
-1.98 dB
63.39 %
2.87 dBi
-4.08 dBm
-2.10 dB
61.72 %
-5.86 dBm
-3.88 dB
40.89 %
NHPRP 22.5°
NHPRP 22.5° / TRP
NHPRP 22.5° / TRP
UHRP
UHRP / TRP
UHRP / TRP
LHRP
-7.01 dBm
-5.05 dB
31.23 %
-4.38 dBm
-2.43 dB
57.19 %
-5.64 dBm
-7.03 dBm
-5.08 dB
31.02 %
-4.21 dBm
-2.26 dB
59.39 %
-5.86 dBm
-6.56 dBm
-6.12 dB
24.41 %
-4.23 dBm
-3.79 dB
41.76 %
-2.78 dBm
-7.52 dBm
-4.70 dB
33.85 %
-5.48 dBm
-2.67 dB
54.12 %
-6.20 dBm
-7.18 dBm
-5.20 dB
30.23 %
-3.92 dBm
-1.94 dB
64.02 %
-6.42 dBm
LHRP / TRP
LHRP / TRP
-3.69 dB
42.81 %
-3.91 dB
40.61 %
-2.35 dB
58.24 %
-3.38 dB
45.88 %
-4.44 dB
35.98 %
Front/Back 1.52 2.40 3.80 4.16 3.88
PhiBW 151.9 deg 157.9 deg 154.9 deg 234.9 deg 344.9 deg
PhiBW Up
PhiBW Down
ThetaBW
ThetaBW Up
ThetaBW Down
Boresight Phi
Boresight Theta
Maximum Power
Minimum Power
Average Power
Max/Min Ratio
Max/Avg Ratio
Min/Avg Ratio
Best Single Value
Best Position
43.3 deg
108.5 deg
83.1 deg
53.1 deg
30.0 deg
330 deg
30 deg
3.46 dBm
-17.74 dBm
-1.49 dBm
21.20 dB
4.94 dB
-16.25 dB
2.70 dBm
Phi = 345 deg;
Theta = 45 deg;
Pol = Ver
49.1 deg
108.8 deg
90.5 deg
60.5 deg
30.0 deg
330 deg
30 deg
3.61 dBm
-15.71 dBm
-1.40 dBm
19.32 dB
5.01 dB
-14.31 dB
3.19 dBm
Phi = 345 deg;
Theta = 45 deg;
Pol = Ver
88.8 deg
66.1 deg
57.3 deg
21.4 deg
36.0 deg
120 deg
180 deg
5.16 dBm
-12.81 dBm
0.60 dBm
17.97 dB
4.56 dB
-13.41 dB
4.31 dBm
Phi = 100 deg;
Theta = 180 deg;
Pol = Hor
168.2 deg
66.8 deg
52.4 deg
52.4 deg
0.0 deg
240 deg
0 deg
1.38 dBm
-7.43 dBm
-2.32 dBm
8.81 dB
3.70 dB
-5.11 dB
-0.12 dBm
Phi = 285 deg;
Theta = 30 deg;
Pol = Hor
102.4 deg
242.5 deg
84.3 deg
39.9 deg
44.3 deg
240 deg
15 deg
2.87 dBm
-12.95 dBm
-1.08 dBm
15.81 dB
3.95 dB
-11.86 dB
2.07 dBm
Phi = 285 deg;
Theta = 15 deg;
Pol = Hor
Table 24: 868 / 915 / 955 MHz PCB Antennas
SWRA328 Page 45 of 55
Design Note DN031
4.8.2 Chip Antennas (868 – 955 MHz)
(868 MHz)
Full CTIA Report
Test Description
DN600
Test Result
Total Radiated Power
Peak EIRP
Directivity
-3.25 dBm
1.73 dBm
4.98 dBi
Efficiency
Efficiency
Gain
NHPRP 45°
NHPRP 45° / TRP
NHPRP 45° / TRP
NHPRP 30°
NHPRP 30° / TRP
NHPRP 30° / TRP
NHPRP 22.5°
NHPRP 22.5° / TRP
NHPRP 22.5° / TRP
UHRP
UHRP / TRP
UHRP / TRP
LHRP
LHRP / TRP
LHRP / TRP
Front/Back Ratio
PhiBW
PhiBW Up
PhiBW Down
ThetaBW
ThetaBW Up
ThetaBW Down
Boresight Phi
Boresight Theta
Maximum Power
Minimum Power
Average Power
Max/Min Ratio
Max/Avg Ratio
Min/Avg Ratio
Best Single Value
Best Position
58.38 %
-7.05 dBm
-3.81 dB
41.62 %
3.47
154.5 deg
56.9 deg
97.5 deg
79.4 deg
49.4 deg
30.0 deg
315 deg
30 deg
1.73 dBm
-3.25 dB
47.34 %
1.73 dBi
-5.10 dBm
-1.86 dB
65.23 %
-6.89 dBm
-3.64 dB
43.27 %
-8.14 dBm
-4.89 dB
32.42 %
-5.58 dBm
-2.34 dB
-10.56 dBm
-2.71 dBm
12.28 dB
4.44 dB
-7.85 dB
0.77 dBm
Phi = 285 deg;
Theta = 30 deg;
Pol = Hor
30.15 %
-5.42 dBm
-2.21 dB
60.07 %
-7.19 dBm
-3.99 dB
39.93 %
4.53
319.5 deg
225.7 deg
93.8 deg
74.3 deg
37.5 deg
36.8 deg
(915 MHz)
DN600
Test Result
-3.20 dBm
1.65 dBm
4.85 dBi
-3.20 dB
47.81 %
1.65 dBi
-5.28 dBm
-2.07 dB
62.05 %
-7.10 dBm
-3.90 dB
40.76 %
-8.41 dBm
-5.21 dB
240 deg
15 deg
1.65 dBm
-19.75 dBm
-2.34 dBm
21.40 dB
3.98 dB
-17.41 dB
1.19 dBm
Phi = 270 deg;
Theta = 30 deg;
Pol = Hor
Table 25: 868 / 915 / 955 MHz Chip Antennas
33.37 %
-4.80 dBm
-2.75 dB
53.06 %
-5.33 dBm
-3.28 dB
46.94 %
1.72
86.8 deg
34.3 deg
52.5 deg
120.0 deg
60.0 deg
60.0 deg
(868 MHz)
DN601
Test Result
-2.05 dBm
1.81 dBm
3.86 dBi
-2.05 dB
62.39 %
1.81 dBi
-3.84 dBm
-1.80 dB
66.14 %
-5.54 dBm
-3.49 dB
44.74 %
-6.82 dBm
-4.77 dB
345 deg
60 deg
1.81 dBm
-10.38 dBm
-1.60 dBm
12.19 dB
3.41 dB
-8.79 dB
1.56 dBm
Phi = 345 deg;
Theta = 60 deg;
Pol = Ver
SWRA328 Page 46 of 55
4.8.3 Wire Antennas (868 – 955 MHz)
(915 MHz)
Full CTIA Report
Test Description
DN607
Test Result
Total Radiated Power
Peak EIRP
Directivity
-1.64 dBm
3.52 dBm
5.16 dBi
Efficiency
Efficiency
Gain
NHPRP 45°
NHPRP 45° / TRP
NHPRP 45° / TRP
NHPRP 30°
NHPRP 30° / TRP
NHPRP 30° / TRP
NHPRP 22.5°
NHPRP 22.5° / TRP
NHPRP 22.5° / TRP
UHRP
UHRP / TRP
UHRP / TRP
LHRP
LHRP / TRP
LHRP / TRP
-1.64 dB
68.52 %
3.52 dBi
-3.87 dBm
-2.23 dB
59.82 %
-5.76 dBm
-4.12 dB
38.73 %
-7.08 dBm
-5.44 dB
28.57 %
-3.86 dBm
-2.22 dB
59.98 %
-5.62 dBm
-3.98 dB
40.02 %
PhiBW
PhiBW Up
PhiBW Down
ThetaBW
ThetaBW Up
ThetaBW Down
Boresight Phi
Boresight Theta
Maximum Power
Minimum Power
Average Power
Max/Min Ratio
Max/Avg Ratio
Min/Avg Ratio
Best Single Value
Best Position
321.2 deg
231.5 deg
89.7 deg
74.2 deg
36.4 deg
37.7 deg
240 deg
15 deg
3.52 dBm
-20.50 dBm
-0.57 dBm
24.02 dB
4.08 dB
-19.93 dB
2.98 dBm
Phi = 270 deg;
Theta = 30 deg;
Pol = Hor
Design Note DN031
Nearson Whip Dipole
(868 MHz)
DN613
Test Result
-1.52 dBm
1.42 dBm
2.94 dBi
-1.52 dB
70.49 %
1.42 dBi
-2.34 dBm
-0.82 dB
82.83 %
-3.39 dBm
-1.88 dB
64.92 %
-4.47 dBm
-2.95 dB
50.73 %
-4.22 dBm
-2.70 dB
53.65 %
-4.86 dBm
-3.34 dB
46.35 %
Nearson Whip Dipole
(915 MHz)
DN613
Test Result
-0.50 dBm
2.71 dBm
3.21 dBi
-0.50 dB
89.09 %
2.71 dBi
-1.24 dBm
-0.73 dB
84.46 %
-2.33 dBm
-1.83 dB
65.60 %
-3.50 dBm
-3.00 dB
50.14 %
-2.76 dBm
-2.25 dB
59.52 %
-4.43 dBm
-3.93 dB
40.48 %
360.0 deg
360.0 deg
360.0 deg
79.7 deg
39.3 deg
40.4 deg
45 deg
90 deg
1.42 dBm
-10.36 dBm
-2.17 dBm
11.79 dB
3.60 dB
-8.19 dB
0.80 dBm
Phi = 30 deg;
Theta = 90 deg;
Pol = Hor
360.0 deg
360.0 deg
360.0 deg
42.5 deg
20.5 deg
22.0 deg
105 deg
75 deg
2.71 dBm
-10.76 dBm
-1.40 dBm
13.47 dB
4.11 dB
-9.36 dB
2.48 dBm
Phi = 150 deg;
Theta = 75 deg;
Pol = Hor
Table 26: 868 / 915 / 955 MHz Wire Antennas
SWRA328 Page 47 of 55
Design Note DN031
4.9 Antenna Efficiency Summary on EB (868 – 955 MHz)
Ranking
1
4
5
2
3
6
7
Description
Nearson Whip Antenna
TRP Efficiency [%]
89.09 %
68.52 %
63.89 %
63.78 %
63.39 %
62.39 %
47.81 %
Table 27: TRP (868 – 955 MHz)
4.10 Antenna Efficiency Summary – Stand Alone (868 – 955 MHz)
Ranking
1
Description
TRP Efficiency [%]
90.51 %
Table 28: TRP (868 – 955 MHz)
SWRA328 Page 48 of 55
Design Note DN031
4.11 2.4 GHz Band
This antenna can be used in the frequency band of 2400 MHz – 2480 MHz. 2440 MHz was chosen so the characteristics of the antenna can be compared.
4.11.1 PCB Antennas (2.4 GHz)
(2440 MHz)
Stand Alone
(2440 MHz)
Stand Alone
(2400 MHz)
(2440 MHz)
(2480 MHz)
Full CTIA Report
Test Description
Total Radiated Power
Peak EIRP
Directivity
Efficiency
Efficiency
Gain
NHPRP 45°
NHPRP 45° / TRP
NHPRP 45° / TRP
NHPRP 30°
NHPRP 30° / TRP
NHPRP 30° / TRP
NHPRP 22.5°
NHPRP 22.5° / TRP
NHPRP 22.5° / TRP
UHRP
UHRP / TRP
UHRP / TRP
LHRP
LHRP / TRP
LHRP / TRP
DN616
Test Result
-0.63 dBm
3.83 dBm
4.45 dBi
-0.63 dB
86.60 %
3.83 dBi
-2.21 dBm
-1.58 dB
69.42 %
-3.95 dBm
-3.32 dB
46.51 %
-5.22 dBm
-4.59 dB
34.73 %
-3.96 dBm
-3.34 dB
46.40 %
-3.33 dBm
-2.71 dB
53.60 %
DN615
Test Result
-0.26 dBm
5.89 dBm
6.15 dBi
-0.26 dB
94.17 %
5.89 dBi
-2.07 dBm
-1.81 dB
65.90 %
-3.93 dBm
-3.67 dB
42.95 %
-5.07 dBm
-4.81 dB
33.05 %
-3.65 dBm
-3.39 dB
45.81 %
-2.92 dBm
-2.66 dB
54.19 %
DN604
Test Result
-0.99 dBm
5.44 dBm
6.43 dBi
-0.99 dB
79.68 %
5.44 dBi
-2.82 dBm
-1.83 dB
65.62 %
-4.54 dBm
-3.56 dB
44.09 %
-5.80 dBm
-4.81 dB
33.01 %
-2.44 dBm
-1.45 dB
71.63 %
-6.46 dBm
-5.47 dB
28.37 %
DN604
Test Result
-1.82 dBm
4.51 dBm
6.33 dBi
-1.82 dB
65.74 %
4.51 dBi
-3.68 dBm
-1.85 dB
65.27 %
-5.37 dBm
-3.55 dB
44.20 %
-6.59 dBm
-4.77 dB
33.38 %
-3.27 dBm
-1.45 dB
71.68 %
-7.30 dBm
-5.48 dB
28.32 %
DN604
Test Result
-1.90 dBm
4.12 dBm
6.03 dBi
-1.90 dB
64.53 %
4.12 dBi
-3.60 dBm
-1.70 dB
67.64 %
-5.27 dBm
-3.37 dB
46.04 %
-6.49 dBm
-4.58 dB
34.81 %
-3.47 dBm
-1.56 dB
69.74 %
-7.09 dBm
-5.19 dB
30.26 %
PhiBW
PhiBW Up
PhiBW Down
ThetaBW
ThetaBW Up
ThetaBW Down
Boresight Phi
Boresight Theta
Maximum Power
Minimum Power
Average Power
Max/Min Ratio
Max/Avg Ratio
Min/Avg Ratio
Best Single Value
Best Position
105.6 deg
62.6 deg
43.0 deg
46.5 deg
14.0 deg
32.5 deg
245 deg
140 deg
3.83 dBm
-14.02 dBm
-0.59 dBm
17.85 dB
4.42 dB
-13.43 dB
3.62 dBm
Phi = 90 deg;
Theta = 80 deg;
Pol = Ver
118.1 deg
87.9 deg
30.2 deg
32.0 deg
11.1 deg
20.8 deg
30 deg
150 deg
5.89 dBm
-12.15 dBm
0.72 dBm
18.04 dB
5.17 dB
-12.87 dB
5.34 dBm
Phi = 270 deg;
Theta = 180 deg;
Pol = Hor
173.3 deg
137.2 deg
36.1 deg
76.8 deg
41.3 deg
35.4 deg
45 deg
45 deg
5.44 dBm
-14.54 dBm
-0.84 dBm
19.98 dB
6.28 dB
-13.70 dB
4.75 dBm
Phi = 30 deg;
Theta = 60 deg;
Pol = Ver
Table 29: 2440 MHz PCB Antennas
171.5 deg
55.2 deg
116.3 deg
41.0 deg
24.0 deg
17.0 deg
135 deg
30 deg
4.51 dBm
-13.88 dBm
-1.75 dBm
18.39 dB
6.25 dB
-12.13 dB
3.63 dBm
Phi = 105 deg;
Theta = 30 deg;
Pol = Hor
174.3 deg
51.9 deg
122.4 deg
46.0 deg
23.4 deg
22.6 deg
135 deg
30 deg
4.12 dBm
-12.04 dBm
-1.92 dBm
16.16 dB
6.04 dB
-10.12 dB
3.56 dBm
Phi = 105 deg;
Theta = 30 deg;
Pol = Hor
SWRA328 Page 49 of 55
Full CTIA Report
Test Description
Total Radiated Power
Peak EIRP
Directivity
Efficiency
Efficiency
Gain
NHPRP 45°
NHPRP 45° / TRP
NHPRP 45° / TRP
NHPRP 30°
NHPRP 30° / TRP
NHPRP 30° / TRP
NHPRP 22.5°
NHPRP 22.5° / TRP
NHPRP 22.5° / TRP
UHRP
UHRP / TRP
UHRP / TRP
LHRP
LHRP / TRP
LHRP / TRP
Front/Back Ratio
PhiBW
PhiBW Up
PhiBW Down
ThetaBW
ThetaBW Up
ThetaBW Down
Boresight Phi
Boresight Theta
Maximum Power
Minimum Power
Average Power
Max/Min Ratio
Max/Avg Ratio
Min/Avg Ratio
Best Single Value
Best Position
(2400 MHz)
32.71 %
-3.24 dBm
-1.54 dB
70.18 %
-6.96 dBm
-5.26 dB
29.82 %
9.89
171.4 deg
129.7 deg
41.7 deg
80.0 deg
39.9 deg
40.1 deg
DN611
Test Result
-1.70 dBm
4.33 dBm
6.03 dBi
-1.70 dB
67.59 %
4.33 dBi
-3.56 dBm
-1.85 dB
65.24 %
-5.29 dBm
-3.59 dB
43.77 %
-6.55 dBm
-4.85 dB
45 deg
45 deg
4.33 dBm
-11.30 dBm
-1.41 dBm
15.63 dB
5.74 dB
-9.89 dB
3.68 dBm
Phi = 30 deg;
Theta = 60 deg;
Pol = Ver
Table 30: 2440 MHz PCB Antennas Continued
(2440 MHz)
32.37 %
-3.20 dBm
-1.48 dB
71.04 %
-7.09 dBm
-5.38 dB
28.96 %
8.60
188.0 deg
75.9 deg
112.1 deg
45.9 deg
24.9 deg
21.0 deg
DN611
Test Result
-1.71 dBm
4.09 dBm
5.81 dBi
-1.71 dB
67.42 %
4.09 dBi
-3.61 dBm
-1.90 dB
64.55 %
-5.36 dBm
-3.65 dB
43.15 %
-6.61 dBm
-4.90 dB
120 deg
30 deg
4.09 dBm
-11.41 dBm
-1.53 dBm
15.50 dB
5.62 dB
-9.88 dB
2.88 dBm
Phi = 90 deg;
Theta = 30 deg;
Pol = Hor
Design Note DN031
(2480 MHz)
34.00 %
-3.58 dBm
-1.62 dB
68.93 %
-7.04 dBm
-5.08 dB
31.07 %
10.41
183.2 deg
50.8 deg
132.4 deg
55.8 deg
27.6 deg
28.2 deg
DN611
Test Result
-1.97 dBm
3.66 dBm
5.63 dBi
-1.97 dB
63.57 %
3.66 dBi
-3.69 dBm
-1.72 dB
67.33 %
-5.41 dBm
-3.44 dB
45.30 %
-6.65 dBm
-4.68 dB
135 deg
30 deg
3.66 dBm
-12.11 dBm
-1.85 dBm
15.77 dB
5.52 dB
-10.25 dB
3.23 dBm
Phi = 30 deg;
Theta = 60 deg;
Pol = Ver
(2440 MHz)
36.06 %
-3.47 dBm
-2.30 dB
58.88 %
-5.03 dBm
-3.86 dB
41.12 %
2.37
87.3 deg
30.7 deg
56.6 deg
41.8 deg
26.3 deg
15.5 deg
DN603
Test Result
-1.17 dBm
3.36 dBm
4.53 dBi
-1.17 dB
76.43 %
3.36 dBi
-2.69 dBm
-1.53 dB
70.38 %
-4.37 dBm
-3.20 dB
47.89 %
-5.60 dBm
-4.43 dB
105 deg
45 deg
3.36 dBm
-13.80 dBm
-1.58 dBm
17.16 dB
4.94 dB
-12.22 dB
2.60 dBm
Phi = 105 deg;
Theta = 45 deg;
Pol = Ver
SWRA328 Page 50 of 55
Design Note DN031
4.11.2 Chip Antennas (2.4 GHz)
There is a large range of chip antennas available at 2.4 GHz which have reasonable performance. The drawback with ceramic chip antennas at this frequency is that the performance of PCB antennas is very good and compact. If board space for a PCB antenna is not available, then a ceramic antenna is a good option.
4.11.3 Wire Antennas (2.4 GHz)
2.4 GHz Kit
Antenna
(2400 MHz)
2.4 GHz Kit
Antenna
(2440 MHz)
2.4 GHz Kit
Antenna
(2480 MHz)
Full CTIA Report
Test Description
Total Radiated Power
Peak EIRP
Directivity
Efficiency
Efficiency
Gain
NHPRP 45°
NHPRP 45° / TRP
NHPRP 45° / TRP
NHPRP 30°
NHPRP 30° / TRP
NHPRP 30° / TRP
NHPRP 22.5°
NHPRP 22.5° / TRP
NHPRP 22.5° / TRP
UHRP
UHRP / TRP
UHRP / TRP
LHRP
LHRP / TRP
LHRP / TRP
Front/Back Ratio
PhiBW
PhiBW Up
PhiBW Down
ThetaBW
ThetaBW Up
ThetaBW Down
Boresight Phi
Boresight Theta
Maximum Power
Minimum Power
Average Power
Max/Min Ratio
Max/Avg Ratio
Min/Avg Ratio
Best Single Value
Best Position
45.34 %
-2.82 dBm
-2.43 dB
57.16 %
-4.08 dBm
-3.68 dB
42.84 %
4.82
215.3 deg
167.7 deg
47.5 deg
92.1 deg
60.8 deg
31.3 deg
DN614
Test Result
-0.39 dBm
2.84 dBm
3.23 dBi
-0.39 dB
91.32 %
2.84 dBi
-1.37 dBm
-0.97 dB
79.96 %
-2.70 dBm
-2.30 dB
58.85 %
-3.83 dBm
-3.44 dB
255 deg
60 deg
2.84 dBm
-12.33 dBm
-1.37 dBm
15.17 dB
4.20 dB
-10.97 dB
2.40 dBm
Phi = 255 deg;
Theta = 60 deg;
Pol = Hor
45.06 %
-2.92 dBm
-2.30 dB
58.92 %
-4.49 dBm
-3.86 dB
41.08 %
7.01
191.8 deg
135.7 deg
56.0 deg
37.9 deg
15.5 deg
22.4 deg
DN614
Test Result
-0.63 dBm
3.10 dBm
3.72 dBi
-0.63 dB
86.56 %
3.10 dBi
-1.65 dBm
-1.02 dB
78.99 %
-2.98 dBm
-2.35 dB
58.22 %
-4.09 dBm
-3.46 dB
165 deg
45 deg
3.10 dBm
-13.86 dBm
-1.56 dBm
16.96 dB
4.66 dB
-12.30 dB
2.92 dBm
Phi = 180 deg;
Theta = 45 deg;
Pol = Hor
47.33 %
-3.41 dBm
-2.23 dB
59.88 %
-5.14 dBm
-3.97 dB
40.12 %
3.40
291.6 deg
88.0 deg
203.7 deg
59.9 deg
37.2 deg
22.6 deg
DN614
Test Result
-1.18 dBm
1.86 dBm
3.04 dBi
-1.18 dB
76.23 %
1.86 dBi
-2.13 dBm
-0.95 dB
80.40 %
-3.34 dBm
-2.17 dB
60.73 %
-4.43 dBm
-3.25 dB
30 deg
75 deg
1.86 dBm
-14.19 dBm
-2.16 dBm
16.05 dB
4.03 dB
-12.02 dB
1.71 dBm
Phi = 30 deg;
Theta = 75 deg;
Pol = Hor
Table 31: 2440 MHz PCB Antennas Continued
SWRA328 Page 51 of 55
Design Note DN031
4.12 Antenna Efficiency Summary on EB (2.4 GHz)
Ranking
1
2
3
4
Description
2.4 GHz Whip Antenna
TRP Efficiency [%]
91.32 %
79.68 %
76.43 %
67.59 %
Table 32: TRP (2.4 GHz)
4.13 Antenna Efficiency Summary – Stand Alone (2.4GHz)
Ranking
1
2
Description
TRP Efficiency [%]
94.17 %
86.60 %
Table 33: TRP (2.4 GHz)
SWRA328 Page 52 of 55
5 Conclusion
Design Note DN031
TRP efficiencies have been presented from 94% at 2.4 GHz to 7% at 169 MHz. The TRP efficiencies < 433 MHz are not in the region of the efficiencies presented at > 868 MHz. This is
mainly due to the wavelength at the lower frequencies is much larger, refer to Table 34. The
size of the EB is approx 12 x 12 cm.
Frequency (MHz) λ / 4 (cm) Highest Recorded TRP Efficiency (%)
2440 3.1
90.51 % 915 / 868 8.2 / 8.6
433 17.3
315 23.8
169 44.4
Table 34: Highest Recorded TRP Efficiencies (%)
The choice of antenna is not so straight forward; the operating frequency, GND size and available space for the antenna and mechanical surroundings effect the decision process of which antenna should be used.
For a given physical size of board, PCB antennas can be an optimum choice at > 868 MHz whereas at < 433 MHz, a helical wire antenna might be the best option. The TRP efficiency will be reduced at the lower frequency and this has to be taken into account when calculating the link budget and expected range.
There is no one antenna that fits all applications but hopefully this CC-Antenna-DK will help in determining which antenna type should be the best solution for your application.
SWRA328 Page 53 of 55
6 References
Design Note DN031
[1] DN600 – Full CTIA Measurement Report for board 3
[2] DN601 – Full CTIA Measurement Report for board 4
[3] DN602 – Full CTIA Measurement Report for board 5
[4] DN603 – Full CTIA Measurement Report for board 6
[5] DN604 – Full CTIA Measurement Report for board 7
[6] DN605 – Full CTIA Measurement Report for board 8
[7] DN606 – Full CTIA Measurement Report for board 10
[8] DN607 – Full CTIA Measurement Report for board 11
[9] DN608 – Full CTIA Measurement Report for board 12
[10] DN609 – Full CTIA Measurement Report for board 13
[11] DN610 – Full CTIA Measurement Report for board 14
[12] DN611 – Full CTIA Measurement Report for board 15
[13] DN612 – Full CTIA Measurement Report for board 16
[14] DN613 - Standard Whip Antenna for 868 MHz & 915 MHz EM boards
[15] DN614 - Standard Whip Antenna for 2.4 GHz EM boards
[16] DN615 - Board 7 as stand alone (without EM or EB board)
[17] DN616 - Board 6 as stand alone (without EM or EB board)
[18] AN058 – Antenna Selection Guide
[19] CC-Antenna-DK Rev 1.0.0. Reference Design (SWRR070.ZIP)
SWRA328 Page 54 of 55
Revision Date Description/Changes
Design Note DN031
SWRA328 Page 55 of 55
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