4 Channel Input Buffer Board Model SDAIBB Document No. SDAIBB1300 This product designed and manufactured in Ottawa, Illinois USA of domestic and imported parts by International Headquarters B&B Electronics Mfg. Co. Inc. USA 707 Dayton Road -- P.O. Box 1040 -- Ottawa, IL 61350 Phone (815) 433-5100 -- General Fax (815) 433-5105 Home Page: www.bb-elec.com Sales e-mail: sales@bb-elec.com -- Fax (815) 433-5109 Technical Support e-mail: support@bb.elec.com -- Fax (815) 433-5104 1999 B&B Electronics August 1999 B&B Electronics RESERVED. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photography, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system without written consent. Information in this manual is subject to change without notice, and does not represent a commitment on the part of B&B Electronics. B&B Electronics shall not be liable for incidental or consequential damages resulting from the furnishing, performance, or use of this manual. All brand names used in this manual are the registered trademarks of their respective owners. The use of trademarks or other designations in this publication is for reference purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the trademark holder. SDAIBB1300 Manual Cover Page B&B Electronics Mfg Co Inc – 707 Dayton Rd - PO Box 1040 - Ottawa IL 61350 - Ph 815-433-5100 - Fax 815-433-5104 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INFORMATION...........................................1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................1 SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................1 CHAPTER 2: CONNECTIONS ...............................................................3 POWER SUPPLY CONNECTIONS .................................................................3 INPUT VOLTAGE CONNECTIONS ................................................................5 OUTPUT VOLTAGE CONNECTIONS .............................................................6 CHAPTER 3: CONFIGURATION ..........................................................9 OUTPUT OFFSET........................................................................................9 GAIN SELECTION .......................................................................................9 Maximum Gain...................................................................................11 Gain Resistor Determination .............................................................12 Maximum and Minimum Common Mode Voltage..............................13 Maximum Differential ........................................................................14 Example Board Setup.........................................................................15 APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY .................................................................A-1 APPENDIX B: ERROR BUDGET CALCULATIONS ......................B-1 IMPORTANT SPECS @ 25°C: .................................................................B-1 ERROR CONTRIBUTIONS THAT CAN BE REMOVED WITH CALIBRATION .B-1 ERROR CONTRIBUTIONS THAT CANNOT BE REMOVED W/CALIBRATION B-1 SDAIBB1300 Manual Table of Contents i B&B Electronics Mfg Co Inc – 707 Dayton Rd - PO Box 1040 - Ottawa IL 61350 - Ph 815-433-5100 - Fax 815-433-5104 Chapter 1: General Information Introduction The SDAIBB is a data acquisition module with four input buffers with selectable gains and selectable output offsets. The gain can be set from 1 to 1000 with a single resistor change. Gains of 1 and 22.28 are provided. The output can be offset by the provided 0 V for positive ended systems, by the provided 2.5 V for plus/minus applications, or by a user selected amount that is brought in on terminal blocks or solder pads. The SDAIBB is designed to amplify single ended or differential signals in the range of –0.15 to +5.0 V into +0.01 to +5.0 V signals that are compatible with the B&B line of data acquisition products. Sensor and power supply connections are made through terminal blocks or solder pads. A/D connections are made through DB25 connectors and are designed to connect to many of the B&B data acquisition products. All lines on the DB25 connectors are carried through, allowing boards to be “stacked” for expanding the number of channels or bringing other lines in or out. Three SDAIBB boards will fill all 11 channels of the 232SDAxx or 485SDAxx modules. Specifications Number of Channels Gain Max. Gain Error Max. Gain Drift Max. Input Offset Voltage Max. Input Offset Voltage Drift Input Impedance Input Voltage Range Gain = 1 Gain > 1 Output Voltage Range Gain = 1 Gain > 1 SDAIBB1300 Manual 4 1 to 1000 1 and 22.28 provided 0.35% 25 ppm 200 µV 2 µV/°C 2 GΩ, 2pF -0.15 to +5.00 V -0.15 to +4.60 V 0.01 to 5.00 V 0.01 to 4.95 V 1 B&B Electronics Mfg Co Inc – 707 Dayton Rd - PO Box 1040 - Ottawa IL 61350 - Ph 815-433-5100 - Fax 815-433-5104 Power Supply Input Voltage Single Module Three Modules Input Current Current Draw From Precision 5 V Max. Current Throughput Connections Analog Input Analog Output Power Environment Operating Temperature Storage Temperature Size 2 10 to 30 VDC 12 to 30 VDC 8 mA max. per Module 0.5 mA per board 1A Terminal Blocks/Solder Pads DB25 Male Connector and DB25 Female Connector Terminal Blocks/Solder Pads Pins 2 and 7 of the Male DB25 -40 to +85 °C -65 to +125 °C 5.6 x 2.75 in. 14 x 7 cm SDAIBB1300 Manual B&B Electronics Mfg Co Inc – 707 Dayton Rd - PO Box 1040 - Ottawa IL 61350 - Ph 815-433-5100 - Fax 815-433-5104 Chapter 2: Connections Power Supply Connections A single SDAIBB board requires 8 mA at 10 to 30 VDC, and can be brought directly into the board through terminal blocks or solder pads marked POWER and GND or passed from another board connected to the male side of the board. See Figure 1 for a system where the power is brought directly onto the board. When passing power through from another board, POWER is carried through on pin 2 and GND is carried through on pin 7. Powers flows in on the male DB25 connector and out on the female DB25 connector with a 0.5 VDC drop across the board. This allows multiple boards to be powered with a single power supply by cascading them. See Table 4 for a list of B&B data acquisition products that carry power through on pins 2 and 7. Using these devices, you can power an entire system with a single power supply as shown in Figure 2. GAIN C A 1 JP1 GAIN IN+ IN- JP5 OUT. 0V OFF. 2.5V OUT OFF GND IN+ IN- OUT OFF GND R1 22.28/ USER TB 1 D TB 3 JP7 TB 2 R2 JP6 OUT. 0V OFF. 2.5V GAIN JP2 B TB 4 TB 5 22.28/U S E R 1 J P1 1 JP9 J P1 0 R7 JP3 1 22.28/ USER GND OFF OUT OUT. ININ+ 2.5V OFF. 0V GND OFF OUT GND ININ+ OUT. POWER GAIN JP8 JP4 I/O P O R T O tta w a , Illin o is 6 1 3 5 0 D A TA A C Q U IS I T I O N MOD U LE R S -2 3 2 MO D E L 2 3 2 S D A1 0 USER 22.28/ 1 R8 0V P o r t P o w e re d 2.5V OFF. P o we r S u p p ly Figure 1: Port Powered SDA and Powered Board SDAIBB1300 Manual 3 B&B Electronics Mfg Co Inc – 707 Dayton Rd - PO Box 1040 - Ottawa IL 61350 - Ph 815-433-5100 - Fax 815-433-5104 RS-232 Power MODEL 232SDA10 DATA ACQUISITION MODULE Ottawa, Illinois 61350 I/O PORT R8 JP9 USER 22.28/ JP10 1 GAIN JP4 JP11 JP8 0V 2.5V 22.28/USER GAIN OUT. OFF. POWER TB5 R2 GND 0V 2.5V OUT. OFF. JP6 OUT OFF GND TB2 IN+ IN- B ININ+ TB4 GND OFF OUT D JP5 OUT. OFF. 0V 2.5V JP7 0V 2.5V OUT OFF GND OUT. OFF. ININ+ TB3 A IN+ IN- Board 1 1 JP2 C GND OFF OUT TB1 JP3 JP1 GAIN GAIN 1 22.28/ USER 22.28/ USER R1 1 R7 R8 JP9 USER 22.28/ JP10 1 GAIN JP4 JP11 JP8 0V 2.5V 22.28/USER GAIN OUT. OFF. POWER TB5 R2 GND 0V 2.5V OUT. OFF. JP6 OUT OFF GND TB2 IN+ IN- B ININ+ TB4 GND OFF OUT D JP5 OUT. OFF. 0V 2.5V JP7 0V 2.5V OUT OFF GND IN+ IN- OUT. OFF. ININ+ TB3 A Board 2 1 JP2 C GND OFF OUT TB1 JP3 JP1 GAIN GAIN 1 22.28/ USER 22.28/ USER R1 1 R7 R8 JP9 USER 22.28/ JP10 1 GAIN JP4 JP11 JP8 1 0V 2.5V 22.28/USER OUT. OFF. POWER TB5 R2 GND 0V 2.5V OUT. OFF. JP6 OUT OFF GND TB2 IN+ IN- B GND OFF OUT D JP5 OUT. OFF. ININ+ TB4 0V 2.5V JP7 0V 2.5V OUT OFF GND A OUT. OFF. ININ+ TB3 IN+ IN- Board 3 JP2 GAIN C GND OFF OUT TB1 JP3 JP1 GAIN GAIN 1 R1 22.28/ USER 22.28/ USER 1 R7 Figure 2: Single Power Supply System with 11 Channels Supported 4 SDAIBB1300 Manual B&B Electronics Mfg Co Inc – 707 Dayton Rd - PO Box 1040 - Ottawa IL 61350 - Ph 815-433-5100 - Fax 815-433-5104 Input Voltage Connections The SDAIBB can receive signals in the range of –0.15 to +5 VDC when set to unity gain, and –0.15 to +3.5 VDC when set to any other gain. Note: This voltage reading is taken from GND on the SDAIBB to Input+ and GND to Input- voltages. It is not the differential voltage from Input- to Input+. Signals are brought into the buffer by terminal blocks or solder pads. The terminal blocks are labeled Input+, Input-, GND, and Output Offset. See Figures 3, 4, and 5 for typical input configurations. The voltage that will be amplified is the reading taken from Input- to Input+. GND is connected to the ground of the SDAIBB and is provided for making a common reference for the SDAIBB and the input device. The Output Offset is an input that shifts the output of the SDAIBB. This feature is discussed further in Chapter 3, Output Offset. OUT OFF GND IN+ IN- Figure 3: Differential Signal with GND OUT OFF GND S ig n a l GND IN+ IN- Figure 4: Single Ended Signal SDAIBB1300 Manual 5 B&B Electronics Mfg Co Inc – 707 Dayton Rd - PO Box 1040 - Ottawa IL 61350 - Ph 815-433-5100 - Fax 815-433-5104 OUT OFF GND IN+ INFigure 5: Floating Differential Signal Output Voltage Connections The SDAIBB outputs voltages from +0.1 to +5.0 VDC at unity gain, and +0.1 to +4.95 VDC at any other gain. All lines are carried straight through on the DB25 connectors, allowing for the addition of extra channels by connecting on another board. The SDAIBB output connections are jumper selectable to line up with the channels of the B&B line of SDAxx data acquisition devices. When the 4-position shunt is set to JP9, input buffer A is connected to channel 0 on pin 8, B is connected to channel 1 on pin 9, C is connected to channel 2 on pin 10, and buffer D is connected to channel 3 on pin 11. Setting the 4-position shunt to JP10 connects the buffers to channels 4 to 7 (pins 12, 13, 21, and 22 respectively), and setting the shunt to JP11 connects the buffers to channels 8 to 10 (pins 23 to 25). See Table 1 for a list of the connections when the jumper is on JP9, Table 2 for when the jumper is on JP10, and Table 3 for when the jumper is on JP11. Note: When the 4-position jumper is on JP11, buffer D is not connected to any pins on the DB25 connector. For a listing of which modules the SDAIBB can connect to and which channels are compatible on each module, see Table 4. 6 SDAIBB1300 Manual B&B Electronics Mfg Co Inc – 707 Dayton Rd - PO Box 1040 - Ottawa IL 61350 - Ph 815-433-5100 - Fax 815-433-5104 Table 1: Connections when the 4-position shunt is on JP9 Pin Connection 1 --2 Power 3 --4 --5 --6 --7 GND 8 A output 9 B output 10 C output 11 D output 12 --13 --- Pin Connection 14 --15 --16 --17 --18 --19 --20 --21 --22 --23 --24 --25 --- Table 2: Connections when the 4-position shunt is on JP10 Pin Connection 1 --2 Power 3 --4 --5 --6 --7 GND 8 --9 --10 --11 --12 A output 13 B output SDAIBB1300 Manual Pin Connection 14 --15 --16 --17 --18 --19 --20 --21 C output 22 D output 23 --24 --25 --- 7 B&B Electronics Mfg Co Inc – 707 Dayton Rd - PO Box 1040 - Ottawa IL 61350 - Ph 815-433-5100 - Fax 815-433-5104 Table 3: Connections when the 4-position shunt is on JP11 Pin Connection 1 --2 Power 3 --4 --5 --6 --7 GND 8 --9 --10 --11 --12 --13 --- Pin Connection 14 --15 --16 --17 --18 --19 --20 --21 --22 --23 A output 24 B output 25 C output Table 4: Models Compatible with SDAIBB Model 485SDA10 485SDA12 232SDA10 232SDA12 232SPDA 232SPDACL 485SPDA 485SPDACL 232OPSDA ADIO12 ADIO10 Channel Select Power on Channels Jumper Connections pins 2 Supported Supported and 7 JP9, JP10, JP11 JP9, JP10, JP11 JP9, JP10, JP11 JP9, JP10, JP11 JP9 JP9 JP9 JP9 * JP9 JP9 0-10 0-10 0-10 0-10 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 4 and 5 4-7 4-7 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No 2.5V Output Offset Available Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Set the jumper for any position and use the solder pads on the DB25 connector to bring out connections for channels 4 and 5. The other channels already have selectable gains. To support all 11 channels on the SDAxx modules connect 3 SDAIBBs to the I/O port of the SDAxx as shown in Figure 2 on page 4 and set one board to JP9, one to JP10, and the last to JP11. This will provide 11 independent buffered inputs. 8 SDAIBB1300 Manual B&B Electronics Mfg Co Inc – 707 Dayton Rd - PO Box 1040 - Ottawa IL 61350 - Ph 815-433-5100 - Fax 815-433-5104 Chapter 3: Configuration Output Offset The output offset is the amount by which the output is shifted. Equation 1 shows how the output offset affects the output of the buffer. The negative output rail will clip any reading that has a negative input differential unless the buffer’s output offset is raised. For this purpose, output offsets of 0 V and 2.5 V are individually jumper selectable for each channel on the SDAIBB when mated with a compatible data acquisition model. JP5 corresponds to channel A, JP6 corresponds with channel B, JP7 corresponds with channel C, and JP8 corresponds with channel D. An output offset of 0 V is always available. See Table 4 for a list of models that support the 2.5 V output offset. An output offset of 0 V is used for positive only differentials, and an output offset of 2.5 V provides the maximum input range for signals that run equally positive and negative. A different output offset may be brought in on the terminal blocks with the output offset jumper removed on the corresponding channel. Equation 1: Vout = (IN + − IN − )Gain + OutputOffset Gain Selection The gain is individually selectable on each buffer with a twoposition jumper. Gains of 1 and 22.28 are conveniently provided on the unit for each buffer. JP1 controls the gain on channel A, JP2 controls B, JP3 controls C, and JP4 controls D. Unity gain is ideal for eliminating the impedance mismatch between input devices and the data acquisition module. Table 5 shows the maximum voltage ranges that can be amplified by the provided gain of 22.28. To change the gain, leave the jumper in the User/22.28 gain position, remove the through-hole 4.7 kΩ resistor, and replace it with the appropriate value. See Table 6 for some standard inputs, gains, and appropriate resistor values to achieve the expected gain. SDAIBB1300 Manual 9 B&B Electronics Mfg Co Inc – 707 Dayton Rd - PO Box 1040 - Ottawa IL 61350 - Ph 815-433-5100 - Fax 815-433-5104 Table 5: Values for Use with the Provided Gain of 22.28 VCM VDIFF 27.5 mV max +55 mV 0 V ±52 mV 2.5 V ±110 mV Out Ref 0V 2.5 V 2.5 V 1% Resistor Calculated Gain Output Range 22.28 22.28 22.28 0.01 – 1.23 V 1.32 - 3.68 V 0.03 - 4.97 V 4.7 k Ω 4.7 k Ω 4.7 k Ω Table 6: Gains and Resistor Values for Standard Inputs VCM VDIFF 5mV max 50mV max 0.5V max 0V 0V 2.5V 2.5V 2.5V +10 mV +100mV +1 V ±10 mV ±100 mV ±10 mV ±100 mV ±1 V Out Closest 1% Calculated GMAX Ref Resistor Gain 0V 0V 0V 2.5V 2.5V 2.5V 2.5V 2.5V 119 12.8 2.18 118 11.8 247 24.7 2.47 866 Ω 8.66 kΩ 86.6 kΩ 866 Ω 9.31 kΩ 412 Ω 4.32 kΩ 69.8 kΩ 116.47 12.55 2.15 116.47 11.74 243.72 24.15 2.43 Output Range 0.01 - 1.16 V 0.01 - 1.25 V 0.01 - 2.18 V 1.34 - 3.66 V 1.32 - 3.67 V 0.06 - 4.94 V 0.09 - 4.91 V 0.07 - 4.93 V Change R1 to change the gain on channel A, R2 to change channel B, R7 to change channel C, and R8 to change channel D. The following sections explain how to calculate the gain and gain resistor for other input ranges. 10 SDAIBB1300 Manual B&B Electronics Mfg Co Inc – 707 Dayton Rd - PO Box 1040 - Ottawa IL 61350 - Ph 815-433-5100 - Fax 815-433-5104 Maximum Gain The maximum gain for a known differential voltage and common mode voltage can easily be determined using the following set of equations. Equation 5 calculates the maximum gain based on the positive internal rail of the amplifier. Equation 6 gives the maximum gain based on the negative internal rail of the amplifier. Equation 7 calculates the maximum gain without overflowing the output range of the SDAIBB. The smallest maximum gain value calculated using these equations is the maximum gain that may be used. Equation 2: G MAX = 2(4.4V − VCM V DIFF ) Equation 3: G max = 2(V cm + 0.59V ) V DIFF Equation 4: G MAX = 4.94V InputRange G is the gain, Vcm is the common mode voltage, and Vdiff is the differential voltage. Example: Find the maximum allowable gain for a differential voltage of ±10 mV and a common mode voltage of 2.5 V. 2(4.4 − 2.5) = 380 From Equation 5: G MAX = 0.01 2(2.5 + 0.59 ) = 618 From Equation 6: G max = 0.01 From Equation 7: G MAX = 4.94 = 247 0.02 The minimum value calculated is 247, so the maximum allowable gain is 247. Equation 5 Gain MAX = 2(4 Equation 6 Gain max = 2(Vc Equation 7 Gain MAX = 4.94 SDAIBB1300 Manual 11 B&B Electronics Mfg Co Inc – 707 Dayton Rd - PO Box 1040 - Ottawa IL 61350 - Ph 815-433-5100 - Fax 815-433-5104 Gain Resistor Determination Replacing a single resistor changes the gain on each buffer. Change R1 to modify the gain on channel A, R2 to change channel B, R7 to change channel C, and R8 to change channel D. Use Equation 8 to determine the value of the gain resistor to attain a calculated gain. To use this gain value, place the gain jumper corresponding to the correct channel in the User/22.28 position. JP1 corresponds to channel A, JP2 corresponds to channel B, JP3 corresponds to channel C, and JP4 corresponds to channel D. Equation 8: RG = 100kΩ ( G − 1) Equation 9: G = 1 + 100kΩ R G RG is the value of the gain resistor in ohms. Example: Find the appropriate 1% resistor for a maximum gain of 150 and calculate the actual gain. From Equation 8: RG = 100000 (150 − 1) = 671.141 The nearest 1% resistor that will produce a gain of 150 or less is 681Ω. From Equation 9: G = 1 + 100000 = 147.8 681 The nearest 1% resistor is 681Ω with a resulting gain of 147.8. 12 SDAIBB1300 Manual B&B Electronics Mfg Co Inc – 707 Dayton Rd - PO Box 1040 - Ottawa IL 61350 - Ph 815-433-5100 - Fax 815-433-5104 Maximum and Minimum Common Mode Voltage If the differential voltage range and desired gain are known, the maximum and minimum common mode voltage can be determined. Equation 10 is used to calculate the maximum common mode voltage knowing the gain and the differential voltage. Equation 11 is used to calculate the minimum common mode voltage. Remember that when Input+ or Input- is connected to GND on the SDAIBB the common mode voltage changes as the differential voltage changes. Equation 10: VCMMAX = 4.4V − V DIFF × G 2 Equation 11: VCMMIN = −0.590V + V DIFF × G 2 Example: Find the allowable range of the common mode voltage for a input range of ±100 mV with a gain of 10. 0.1 × 10 = 3.9V From Equation 10: VCMMAX = 4.4 − 2 0.1 × 10 = −0.09V From Equation 11: VCMMIN = −0.590 + 2 The common mode voltage must be between –0.09 and 3.9 V. SDAIBB1300 Manual 13 B&B Electronics Mfg Co Inc – 707 Dayton Rd - PO Box 1040 - Ottawa IL 61350 - Ph 815-433-5100 - Fax 815-433-5104 Maximum Differential To determine the maximum differential voltage that can be amplified, the gain and the common mode voltage must be known first. Using this information, the most positive the differential voltage may be is calculated using Equation 12. Equation 13 is used to calculate the most negative that the differential voltage may swing. These two values are still limited by the maximum allowable swing given by Equation 14. Equation 12: V DIFF = 2(4.4 − VCM G Equation 13: V DIFF = 2(VCM + 0.590V ) G Equation 14: InputRange ≤ 4.94V ) G Example: Find the allowable swing of a signal with a common mode voltage of 1V with a gain of 50. 2(4.4 − 1) = 0.136 From Equation 12: V DIFF = 50 2(1 + 0.590 ) From Equation 13: V DIFF = 0.0636 50 From Equation 14: InputRange ≤ 4.94 = 0.0988 50 The differential voltage can swing as negative as –0.0636 V and as positive as 0.136 V. However, this full range cannot be achieved with the same output offset setting due to the 0.0988 V range from Equation 14. To find the output offset voltage that allows the lower end of this range, use Equation 1 with Vout set to 0.01 V. Vout = (IN + − IN − )G + OutputOffset Rearranged to calculate the desired output offset it looks like this OutputOffset = V out − V DIFF × G Substitute in the appropriate values and solve for the output offset. OutputOffset = 0.01 − (− 0.0636)× 50 = 3.19V 14 SDAIBB1300 Manual B&B Electronics Mfg Co Inc – 707 Dayton Rd - PO Box 1040 - Ottawa IL 61350 - Ph 815-433-5100 - Fax 815-433-5104 Example Board Setup Figure 6 is an example of one possible configuration for the SDAIBB without modifying the board. Table 7 lists the setup for each channel. Table 7: Setup for Figure 6 Channel Output Pin Gain Output Offset A 8 22.28 2.5 V B 9 1 0.0 V C 10 1 2.5 V D 11 22.28 0.0 V SDAIBB1300 Manual 15 B&B Electronics Mfg Co Inc – 707 Dayton Rd - PO Box 1040 - Ottawa IL 61350 - Ph 815-433-5100 - Fax 815-433-5104 R8 JP9 USER 22.28/ JP10 1 GAIN JP4 JP11 JP8 1 JP2 0V 2.5V 22.28/USER GAIN POWER TB5 R2 OUT. OFF. GND OUT. 0 V OFF. 2.5V JP6 OUT OFF GND TB2 IN+ IN- B ININ+ TB4 GND OFF OUT D JP5 0V 2.5V JP7 OUT. 0 V OFF. 2.5V OUT OFF GND ININ+ TB3 A IN+ IN- OUT. OFF. C GND OFF OUT TB1 JP3 JP1 GAIN GAIN 1 22.28/ USER 22.28/ USER 1 R7 R1 Figure 6 16 SDAIBB1300 Manual B&B Electronics Mfg Co Inc – 707 Dayton Rd - PO Box 1040 - Ottawa IL 61350 - Ph 815-433-5100 - Fax 815-433-5104 Appendix A: Glossary Common Mode Voltage (VCM ) : The voltage about which a differential voltage swings. When this is measured on the SDAIBB it is calculated with all voltage readings taken in reference to GND of the SDAIBB as (IN + + IN − ) . Note that when one of the inputs is connected to GND of 2 the SDAIBB the common mode voltage changes as the differential voltage changes. Differential Voltage (V DIFF ) : The difference in voltage across two points such as the two leads on a thermocouple. When this is measured on the SDAIBB it is calculated with all voltage readings taken in reference to GND of the SDAIBB as IN + − IN − . Gain (G ) : The amount by which the input is multiplied before it is output. Gain = Vout IN + − IN − Impedance Mismatch: When the output impedance of sensor is different enough from the input impedance of the data acquisition device to cause improper sensor readings. Negative Input Differential: When the voltage and IN- is higher than the voltage at IN-. IN + − IN − ≤ 0 Negative Rail: The lowest possible voltage that can be output. For the SDAIBB there is a negative rail internal to the buffer and a negative rail on the output of the buffer. Positive Rail: The highest possible voltage that can be output. For the SDAIBB there is a positive rail internal to the buffer and a positive rail on the output of the buffer. SDAIBB3599 Manual A-1 B&B Electronics Mfg Co Inc – 707 Dayton Rd - PO Box 1040 - Ottawa IL 61350 - Ph 815-433-5100 - Fax 815-433-5104 Appendix B: Error Budget Calculations Important Specs @ 25°C: V offset in (VOSI ) 200 µV V offset out (VOSO ) 1000 µV I offset (I OS ) Gain Error Gain Nonlinearity 0.1Hz to 10Hz Noise CMR 2nA 0.35% 50ppm 3.0µV p-p 84dB @ 60 Hz Error Contributions that can be Removed With Calibration Equation 15: VOS = Equation 16: I OS = VOSI + VOSO G Vin Sensor Impedance × I os Vin Equation 17: Gain Error = 3500 ppm Equation 18: CMR Error = 4 ppm × VCM Vin Vin is the input voltage. Error Contributions that Cannot be Removed with Calibration Equation 19: Gain Nonlinearity = 50 ppm Equation 20: 0.1Hz - 10Hz noise = 3000nV V SDAIBB3599 Manual in B-1 B&B Electronics Mfg Co Inc – 707 Dayton Rd - PO Box 1040 - Ottawa IL 61350 - Ph 815-433-5100 - Fax 815-433-5104 Example: Calculate the error budget for a 350Ω, 100mV load cell with a common mode voltage of 2.5V using a gain of 22.28. 200µV + 500 µV 22.28 = 2449 ppm From Equation 15: VOS = 100mV From Equation 16: I OS = 350Ω × 2nA = 7 ppm 100mV From Equation 17: Gain Error = 3500 ppm 4 ppm × 2.5V = 100 ppm 100mV From Equation 19: Gain Nonlinearity = 50 ppm From Equation 18: CMR Error = From Equation 20: 0.1Hz - 10Hz noise = 3000nV 100mV = 3 ppm Total Unadjusted Error = 6109ppm Error After Calibration = 53ppm B-2 SDAIBB3599Manual B&B Electronics Mfg Co Inc – 707 Dayton Rd - PO Box 1040 - Ottawa IL 61350 - Ph 815-433-5100 - Fax 815-433-5104 FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFACE STATEMENT Class A Equipment This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at personal expense. FCC Class A Equipment Statement