CHA-P instruction manual

OLY MPUS

POLARIZING MICROSCOPE

I

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

I

, (

- I I

OLYMPUS

This Instruction

manual

has been written

fartbs

use of Otympus Polarizing

Micro-

m p e Madel CHA-F. It is recommended to

read

the manual carafully in order to familierlze youmlf fully with the USB af the mimompe on the polarizing attachment

-we

IMPORTANT

tlta following points carefully:

1. Always handle the microscope with the care it deserves, and avoid abrupt

motions.

2. Avoid exposure of the microscope to direct sunlight, high temperature and humidity, dust and vibration.

If the microscope is used in ambient temperature higher than 40'~ impede its proper function.

3

3. Only use the tension adjustment ring for atbring the tension of the coarse adjustment.

Do not twist the two coarse adjustment knobs in the opposite directions simultane- ously, which might cause damage.

4. Ascertain that the line voltage selector switch on the base plate is set to

conform

with the local mains voltage.

1. Lenses must always i3e kept

clean.

Fine dust on

lens

surfaces should be blown or wiped

off

by maam of an air blower or a clean brush. Carefully wipe off oil or finger- prints deposited on the lens sutfaces with gauze moistened with a small amount of xylem, alcohol or

ether.

2. Do not use organic solutlans to wipe the surFaces of various camponants. Plastic parts, especially, should be cleaned with a neutral devteqent.

3. Never diassemble the microscope for repair.

4. The miwascope should be stored in its container immediately after uw. If this is not possible, it should be

mered

wivth a vinyl dust m r .

5. Disconnect the line cord from the AC power

source

k f o r e fuse replament.

CONTENTS

I

.

STANDARD EQUIPMENT

.....................................

It

.

NOMENCLATURE

..........................................

In

.

~ E M B L Y

N

. lDENTlFlCATlON AND FUNCTION OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS

. . . . . . . .

V

.

OPERATION

..............................................

1

.

Adiustment of Minimum Line Voltage

2

. lnterpupillary Distance and Diopter Adjustments

.

Polarirer Alignment

......................................

8

4

.

Centering the Stage

...................................... g

5

.

Centering the Objectives

6

.

Use of Apenure Irk Diaphragm

7

.

Focusing Adjustment

.....................................

10

8

.

Orthosoopic Observation

9

.

Conompic Observation

...................................

11

Vl

.

OPTICALDATA

............................................

VII

.

TROUBLESHOOTING

12

I. STANDARD EQUIPMENT

Model

Component

Microscope stand with circular rotatable stage

and

quadruple nmpiem

CHA-P-F

Intermediate polarizing attachment AH-PA

Quarter

wave

plate

(retardation 1 47.7.3W AH-TP147

SenltFw tint plate (retardation Wnyr) AH-TP530

Polarizing

monocular

tube (45") CH-PMO

Polarizing binocular tube (30°)

Swing-out polarizing

condenser

H a i m lamp

Halogen bulbs socket

PO

4x

BH-PSI

BH-PUC

CLSH-B

BVIOWHAL

Objectives (strain-f reel W10X

P040X

AH-WF1OX

Evepieces

AH-Miwo WF 1 QX

Spare fuses ( M A for 1110-1 113-12DV or 0.3A for 220-24\11

Vinyl dust c w e r

C H A - P a l

C H A - P a 1

1 1

1

2

1

1

1

1

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

0

1

2 t

1

1

I

0

I

I

1

2

1

I . NOMENCLATURE

Photo: Model CHA-P-651. Model CHA-P-051 is also available by modification of som components.

Revolving nosepiece

Objective axmatior, tube

Intermediate pojwiaing a t m h m t

Microscope stand

Condenser

1

Ill. ASSEMBLY

The picture balow illustrates the sequential procedure of assembly. The numbers indicate the assembly order of various components. Remove dust caps before mounting components.

Take care to keep all

glass

surfaces

ctean,

and avoid watching the surfaces.

Insert tha obbctb 10X into the fixed aperture of tha nos-

P .

@ Eyepiece

Quarter wave plete

Sensitive tint plate

Clamping screw with the lettEtrs "OLYMPUS' facing in front of the mi-

Clamping screw

Microscope stand

@ To AC outlet

Condenser

Q

Q

0 - 0

/

Halogen lamp Socket

Aligning red dots, on con- denser mount and condensas, in- the conderuar Into the

IV. IDENTI FlCATlON AND FUNCTION

OF

VAR

lOUS

COMPONENTS

Observation rube clamping screw

P

Main switch

R h m a t trimmer screw

After swltchlno r-te this wrew wlth a coin until

0mltIon. on. M tb bulb 18 dimly Ilt, n m r y , with the sliding cmtrol lrmrr at mlntmum

/

Line v o l w switch

Set the swltch to conform with the 1-1 mains volmp.

Bertrand tens turret ring

W llght path; "OUT" for remmal of the Barwand lens from the li&t path.

Automatic pre-fowsing lever

Swinwut knob for top lam

Codewer M.A. Is 0.9

(when top lms swln$s out N.A. k

Mechanical tube length adjust- ment rings

I

Bertrand lens focusing ring

Stage centering screw

Aperture iris diaphragm ring

Numerial aperture sale grrd-

Film mount

Amwe 45rnmdlm f llters.

Bulb mount

\

Lamp house clamping knob

The lamp h o w c o w Ean opened by kn&: or cl- pulllw down t

M o r e pushing, twr by pushing it up untll it snaps In plaes. escertaln knob is positiQned aa that the s h m in the picture rlght, markd wilh

Match the line voltage selector switch to Imal mains voltage

Switch on the light source.

Adjust the trimmer screw until the bulb is dimly lit (page 7).

Place a spacimn slide on the stage.

Remove the Bertrand lens and analyzer from the light path.

5).

Coarse

focus with the 1 O X objective.

Make interpupillary and diopter adjustments (paga 7).

Center the stage (page 9 ) .

C e n w objectiw other than 10X (page 9).

Swing in the desired objective.

Set

the

condenser, analyzer and Bertrand lens mrrectly according to your microscopic purpose (page 1

and

1 1).

Adjust light intensity.

Fine focus.

Adjust aperture

Iris

diaphragm {page 9).

Adjustment

of

Illumination System

Microampic r n e t h d

Obiective

O h o s m ~ i c o W a t i o n

ConmopIa observation

4X ,WX

20x to i ~ a x

Bmrand lens

OUT

IN

Condenmr top lens

O W

IN

For biological use, however,

remove

the analyzer, Bertrand lms and sensitive tint plates.

*

Cut off this paae a t dotted line and put it on the wall near the microscop for use as a re- minder of microscopic procadure.

OLYMPUS

V.

OPERATION

1. Adjustmm of Minimum Line Voltage

'

The

mhirnurn vol-

q u i r e d for the light source can be adjusted with

the

rheostat trim mer smw a? the microscope bas plate in accordanw with the line

voltage

and frequency.

The built-in rheostat incorporates a thyristor in its semiconductor circuit for the following advantages:

(a) E x t r e d y fine adjustment of light intensity mn be easily achied.

(b) Flickering of the bulb filament is eliminated and the light inmnsity is stabilized.

(cJ Increased life exp$ctanw of t h ~

For

adiustment

of the minimum line voltam,

ascartain

that the voltage selector switch is

E& to i n f o r m with the I m l mains voltaw, and the sliding control leuera is positioned closest to you (low voltage), and then activate the main switch Q. If the bulb Is dimly lit, the secondary voltage is correct. If it is not lit at all, rotate the rheostat trimmer screw @ gradually with a win, until the bulb is dimly lit; then push the stiding control lever forward in order to obtain optimum light intensity. (Fig. 1)

Fig. 1

2. Interpupiltary Distanm and Diopter A d j m n i s

1)

Insert

lhe

evwieae

@ with cross hairs into the right eyepiem tube positioning slot 21

-, of the binocular t u b , aligning the

Q and positioning an @ i ~ i ~

*

When the eyepiace positioning pin is i n e into the

Ioww dot on the tuba, tha m in the eyepieca

coincida

with the vibration direction of polarizer and analyrer at 0' settings. When slot, the mass lines

In- into the other am at 4 g to the direction of vibration. (This is the same with the monwlar tube.)

Them iwrt the eyepiece into the left tube.

Fig. 2

11

2) Looking through the right eyepiece (with cross hairs) with your right eye, rotate the diopter adjustment ring @ until the

cross

hairs are sharply focused.

(Fig. 3)

3) Looking through the both eyepiems with both

eyes,

adjust the lnterpupillary distance, sliding the knurled dovetail slid- @ of the right and left eyepiece tube,

until parfect binocular vision is obtained.

4) Memorize your interpupillary distanm wring by reading the scale @.

Fig. 3

5 ) Rotate the tube length adjustment ring @ on the right eyepiece tube to match your interpupillary distance wtting which you obtained from the scale.

5) at the image through the right eyepiece with your right eye and focus on the specimen with the coarse and fine adjustment knobs.

7) Look a t the image #rough the left eyepiece with your left eye and rotate the tube length

adjustment

r h g @ to

fucm

on the specimen without using

the

coarse and fine adjust-

ment

knobs.

3. Polariter Alignment

1) Push the analyzer @ into the light path, and maki sure that bod1 polarizer and analyzer are set at posi- tion

"0"

the "Crossed filter" position. Then

loosen

the clamping screw Q of the condenser.

(Fig. 4)

2) R e m * the specimen out of the light path

so

that a transparent area comes into the light path. Kwping the polarizer at

the

"0" position, rotate the polarizer rotation ring @ until the optimum extinction Is obtained, then clamp the ring. (Fig. 4)

Fig. 4

4. Cenbring aha Stage

1 1 Lmking through the eyepi-

and

ob-ive I O X , determine some pwtlarbr point, s you like,

In

the specimen image and coincide this point with the center of the

cross

hairs of the eyepiece.

Rotating

the stage, coincide the center of the rotation of a specimen pojnt with the can- ter of the crass haln by

means

of

the

two centering screws Q.

(Fig.

5)

*

Repear

this prcicdwe untif the m a t i o n is s e a i d .

Circular path of

5. antaring the O$@tim

This

centration is required

for

all PO objectives

except the

objective PO 1 OX.

1)

Imrt

a centering wrench into each centering swew of the

nosapiece.

(Fig. 8)

2 ) B y means of the two

wrenches,

coincide the center of the GTW hairs to the rotation center of the specimen.

I

C

Fig, 6

3) After all objectives

are centered,

remove the centering wrenches.

6. Clae of Aperture Iris Diaphragm

Adjust the opening of the aperture iris diaphragm m r d i n g to various conditions

such

as the numerical aperture of .th objective, i m a s contrast, depth of focus,

and

f l a t n a of field. Generally it is aften prefem b k

to

stop d w v n the aperture iris diaphragm to or 80% of the N. A. of the

objectiw.

70$6

After the tube, eyepisce is mrn& if necmary, look from

through

the &sewation the observation tube and check the opening at the objectiw pupil. of the aperture diaphragm

7. Focusing Mjusfment

1)

Tension

adjustment of coarse adjustment knobs

A Wnsion adjustment ring @ is pmvidd next to the right hand

coarse

adjustment knob. With this device the tension of the maw adjustment is freely adjust- able for either heavy or light movement depending on operator preferma. (Fig. 7)

However, do not l o o m the tension adjustment riw too much,

becausa

the stage drops, or the fins ad- justment

knobs

slip easily. f Be carefut not to mtate the right and I& m r s a adjustment knobs in the opposite directions simul- tanerwdy.

-

-r--l$

-

'

1. 5;

--

. t

Fig. 7

Crr

2) Pre-focusing

Iever

This lewr @ Is

locked

after mars focus has h n aecompiistaed. It prevents further upward travel of the stqe by means of the warse adjustment knobs, and automatically provides a limiting stop if the stage is lowered and then raised again. (Fig. 81

8. Orthaseodc Observation

Fig. 8

1) Swing out the top lens of the condenser.

In princfple, polarized light enters the light path paraitel to the optical axis, to enable obsewatjon of the optical characteristics of the m i m e n . Howww, this method will darken the field of view and lower the resolving power of the objective extremely. Them fore, swing out the top bns of the mndenser, using only the lawer aperture of the lower cundenser lens.

2)

Insert

the analyzer into the light path, and attain crossed filaer position with analymr

and

polarizer at o0 setting. At this posltion, the polarizer vibration is in the nortbouth direction, and the analyzer vibration in the east-west direction. To open the f i k tion, pull out the analyzer roQtion m.

3) the stage until extinction of the image is attained.

From this position, rotate the by 45' to obtain the d i w n a l posi'tion, at which position, the retardation angle is m u r e d .

4) the quarter wave plate or sensitive tint plate into the slot in the intermediate polarizing tube.

*

A Berek compensator is optionally available to measure the birefringence of a specimen.

Sensitha tint pbts

-

Quarter warn plata

7 ) Swing in the top

lens

of the

.wndenser,

and illuminate the mcirnen with no nmd to irnmerm betwen the condenser and specimen slide.

2) Bring the specimen inlo foeus, rotate the Bertrand lens turret ring into the IN position.

3)

Focus

on the interferenw figure formed a t the back fowl plane of the objectim from

20X to 1wx.

The

pinhob

cap provided may be used in place of the eyepiem to d i m l y view the interference figure m~ntioned In this case, the Bertrand lens is disengaged.

VI.

OPTICAL

DATA

ObJective Magnification

W. D. (mm)

F w l length (mml

Resolving pwver (id

K5X

(Field number 21)

WFlOX

(18)

Total magnification

Focfll demh IN)

Field of view Irnrn)

Total magnification

Focal depth ( p )

Field of viaw (mm)

P04X

0.10

18.77

28.45

3.4

20X

300.0

5.25

40X

172.6

4.5

P010X

0.25

6.78

16.08

1.3

50X

48.0

2.1

1KiX

27.60

1.8

W 2 0 X

0.110

1 -58

8.1 3

0.84 lOOX t 556

1.05

2 0 0 X

9.19

0.9

P040X

0.65

0.61

4.33

0.52

(Spring loaded)

200X

4 .W

0.53

400X

3.03

0.45

* W 1 0 0 X

1.30

0.1 1

1.81

0.26

(Spring loaded)

500X

1.05

0.21

1 ,000X

0.66

0.1 8

Immersion

objective. Resolving power is obtained when the objective is used at full aperture diaphragm.

T k eyepieces K5X and WFlOX incorporate a sliding eye

shield.

This shield can be pulled our to prevent glare and

loss

of contrast caused by ambient tight hitting the we.

W.D. (Working distance):

The

distance benveen

the s w i m e n crr

cover

glass and

the

nearsst point of the objective.

0 N.A. (Numerical aprture):

The numerical aperture represents a performance

number

which could be compared to the relative aperture (f-number) of a

camera lens.

M.A. values can t~ used for dimtly comparing the m l v i n g powers of all types of objectives. The larger N.A, the higher

the

resolving power.

0 Resolving power:

The ability of a lens to register small details. The resolving power of a tens is measured by its ability to separate two points.

0

Foal depth:

The distance between the upper and lower limits af sharpness in the image f o n d by an optical system.

0 Field number:

A number that represents the diarne'ter in mm of the image of the field diaphragm that is f o r d by the lens in front of it.

0 Field of view d i a d a r : The actual size of the field of view in mm.

Troubles

1. Optical System

Causes Remedies

(a) With the illuminator The switched on, condenser is lowerd exces- Raise the condenser to the upper the field sively. limit. of view cannot be seen.

Analyzer and polarizer are

"crossed filter" position in the Set them at the position

"0:90"

("0:O").

*'90:0".

(bl The field of view i s cut The nosepiece is

not

click stopped. Slightly rotate the nosepiece until off or illuminated irreg- it clicks into position. ularly.

The

condenser

is not correctly R e - i n ~ r t condenser all the way. mounted on the ring mount.

The sensitive tint plate is stopped Push the plate all the way until it midway. clicks.

In case of orthoscopic observation, Swing it out of the light path. the condenser top lens stays in the light path or stops midway.

(c 1 Dust or dirt is visible in Dust or dirt on the glass surface at the field of view. the light exit on the base.

Dust on condenser top lens.

Clean off the dust or dirt.

Dirty specimens.

Dust on eyepiece.

(d) Excessive imagecontrast. She condenser is lowered exces- Raise the condenser. sively.

The aperture iris diaphragm is stop- Open the diaphragm. ped down excekively.

(e)

0

Resolution problems:

0 Image i s not sharp.

0 Insufficient contrast.

The objective is not correctly posi- Slightly rotate the nosepiece until tioned in the lighf path.

Image

details

lack defini- Dirt on objective front lens. tion. it clicks into position.

Clean the objective.

The immersion objective is used Apply immersion oil. without immersion oil.

Bubbles in the immersion oil. Remove bubbtes.

The Olympus designated oil i s not Use the designated oil. used.

Troubles Causes

D i r t y specimen.

Remedies

Clean.

Dust on condenser lens.

( f ) The field of view is par- tially out of focus.

The objective is n o t correctly po- sitioned in the light path.

Slightly rotate the nosepiece until it clicks into position.

The specimen i s n o t correctly posi- tioned on the stage.

Place the specimen o n the stage and secure it w i t h the specimen clips.

I

(g) The image goes out of focus eccentrically.

The objective is n o t correctly posi- tioned in the light path.

Stightly rotate the nosepiece until it clicks i n t o position.

(h) When objectives are changed, they are n o t parfocal.

The mechanical tube length is n o t correctly adjusted.

Adjust w i t h the tube length adjust- ment rings o n the observation tube.

1

( i ) Light intensity does n o t increase although the voltage is raised.

The condenser i s lowered exces- sively.

Raise the condenser.

Re-mount them correctly.

( j ) The condenser does n o t come to the correct posi- t i o n for optimum extinc- tion.

The observation tube and mndens- er are n o t correct1 y mounted.

I

I

(k) No conoscopic image can

I

The condenser t o p lens is n o t in

(

Swing it in. be seen. the light path.

1

1

1

( I ) The crossed fiiter p o s i t i o n is n o t attained.

I

2. Electric System

The analyzer i s out of the light path.

Push it in.

(a) The illuminator is t o o I bright (or too dark).

The rheostat trimmer screw is not matched to the mains voltage.

Adjust the trimmer screw t o match the mains voltage.

The mains voltage is too high (or t o o low).

Adjust the mains voltage with a variable voltage transformer.

I

I

The rheostat trimmer screw is n o t correct lv adjusted.

Adjust it correctly.

(b) O u t p u t voltage for the il- luminator cannot be reg- ulated.

The voltage selector switch is n o t matched to the mains voltage.

The mains voltage is too l o w or too high.

Adjusr the mains voltage selector

I switch t o the mains voltage.

Adjust the mains voltage w i t h a variable voltage transformer,

1

Troubles Causes Remedies

-.

Use a variable voltage transformer.

( c ) The light flickers and the intensity is unstable.

The mains voltage is unstable.

The filament o f the bulb is likely to burn out.

Replace the bulb.

I Loose electrical connection.

( d ) Fuse burns out t o o o f t e n .

I

The fuse is not a standard fuse.

Secure the connection.

I

Use a standard fuse.

(el Reduced bulb life

The voltage selector switch is not Match the switch t o the mains matched to the mains voltage. voltage.

-

The voltage selector switch is not matched t o the mains voltage.

Match the selector switch to t h e ' mains voltage.

The bulb is not a standard bulb.

I

Use a standard bulb.

1

Mains voltage i s too high.

1

Use variable voltage transformer. i3. Focusing

I

I

1

{a) C o a r ~ too tight.

1 1

Tension adjustment ring is tighten- Loosen the tension adjustment ring ed too much. properly.

,

I

I The user i s trying t o raise the stage over the upper focusing limit imposed by the engaged pre-focus- ing lever.

I

Unlock the pre-focusing lever.

I

(b) The stage drops and the specimen goes o u t of focus.

The tension adjustmer~t ring i s too loose.

Tighten the ring properly.

{ c ) The stage cannot be raised to the upper limit.

Pre-focusing lever is engaged in lower than focusing position.

Unlock the pre-focusing lever.

I

( ( d l The stage cannot be low- ered t o the lower limit of the working range.

{ e ) The objective front lens hits against the specimen.

The condenser mount is lowered too much.

The specimen is mounted o n the stage upside down.

Raise the condenser mount

Reverse the specimen.

4. Observation Tube

- -

(a1 Incomplete binocular vi- lnterpupillary distance is not cor- Correct the interpupillary distance. sion.

I rectly adjusted.

I LA

Troubles Causes Remedies

Diopter adjustment is incomplete. Complete the diopter adjustment.

Right and left eyepieces are not matched.

Use pair of matched eyepieces.

The user is unaccus?omed to binocular observation.

Prior t o looking a t the image of the specimen, try to look at a far away object.

5. Stage

(a 1 The image easily goes out of focus when you touch the stage.

The stage is not correctly clamped. Clamp the stage securely.

(b) The specimen stops mid- way on the east-west traverse.

The specimen is not correctly posi- tioned on the stage.

Adjust the specimen position.