Final Remedial Investigation1 Feasibility Study Sampling and Analysis Plan for Operable Unit No. 10 (Site 35) Refkrence: Contract N612470-89-D-4814 [email protected] December 1993 Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina Prepared For: Department of the Navy Atlantic Division Naval Facilities Engineering Command Norfolk, Virginia Under the LANTDIV CLEAN Program Comprehensive Long-Term Environmental Action Navy FOSTER @) FOSTER WREELBR WHEELI E”YIAESWWSE. WC. SECTION I FINAL REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION/ FEASIBILITY STUDY FIELD SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN FOR OPERABLE UNIT NO. 10 (SITE 35) CAMP MARINE LEJEUNE, CONTRACT CORPS BASE NORTH CAROLINA TASK ORDER 0160 Prepared For: .:: DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY ATLANTIC DIVISION NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND Norfolk, Virginia Under: LANTDIV Contract CLEAN Program N62470-89-D-4814 Prepared BAKER by: ENVIRONMENTAL, Coraopolis, Pennsylvania DECEMBER 1993 INC. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 ................................................... INTRODUCTION Site Description and Setting ..................................... 1.1 1.1.1 Marine Corps Base, Camp Lejeune ........................ 1.1.2 Site 35 . Camp Geiger Area Fuel Farm .................... .............................. Evaluation of Existing Information 1.2 1.2.1 Types and Volumes of Waste and Impacted Media Present ... 1.2.2 Potential Migration and Exposure Pathways ............... 1.2.3 Preliminary Public Health and Environmental Health Impacts ........................... ............................ 1.2.4 Present Database Limitations ..................................... QUALITY OBJECTIVES Stage 1 . Identification of Decision Types ......................... Stage 2 . Identification of Data Needs ............................. Stage 3 - Design Data Collection Program ......................... 2.0 DATA 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.0 ...................... SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND FREQUENCY Soil and Groundwater Sample Screening ......................... 3.1 .............................................. 3.2 Soil Investigation 3.2.1 Surface Soil Sampling ................................... 3.2.2 Subsurface Soil Sampling ................................ ........................................... 3.2.3 Soil Analysis ...................................... Groundwater Investigation 3.3 3.3.1 Shallow Groundwater Wells .............................. 3.3.2 Deep Groundwater Wells ................................ 3.3.3 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis ..................... 3.3.4 Water Level Measurements .............................. ........................... Surface Water/Sediment Investigation 3.4 3.5 Aquatic/Ecological Survey ...................................... 3.6 QA/QC Samples ................................................ DESIGNATION . . . . . . . . . ..*.......................*...*... 4.0 SAMPLE 5.0 .................................. INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURES Soil Sample Collection .......................................... 5.1 5.1.1 Soil Borings Advanced by Hand Auger .................... 5.1.2 Soil Borings and Monitoring Well Boreholes ............... 5.2 Monitoring Well Installation and Well Development ............... ........................................ 5.2.1 Well Installation Groundwater Sample Collection ................................. 5.3 5.4 Surface Water Sample Collection ................................ 5.5 Sediment Sample Collection ..................................... 5.6 Biological and Fish Sample Collection ............................ 5.6.1 Biological Sample Collection ............................. 5.6.2 Fish Collection .......................................... 5.7 Decontamination Procedures .................................... ................. 5.7.1 Field Measurement Sampling Equipment ......................... 5.7.2 Large Machinery and Equipment ii l-l 1-2 l-2 1-12 ‘L-18 :L-18 :L-19 l-20 1-20 2- 1 2-l 2-3 2-5 3-l 3-l 3-4 3-4 3-6 3-8 3-9 3-9 s-11 3-11 38-13 3-13 3-13 3-14 4-3 5-1 5-l 5-l 5-l 5-4 5,-4 5-14 5-15 5”17 5-18 5-18 5-22 5-24 5-24 5-28 TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTENTS) 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 Surveying ..................................................... Handling of Site Investigation Generated Wastes .................. ......................................... 59.1 Responsibilities 5.9.2 Sources of Investigation Derived Wastes (IDW) ............ 5.9.3 Designation of Potentially Hazardous and Nonhazardous IDW 5.9.4 Labeling ............................................... 5.9.5 Container Log .......................................... 5.9.6 Container Storage ....................................... 5.9.7 Container Disposition ................................... 5.9.8 Disposal of Contaminated Materials ...................... Water Level Measurements ..................................... Soil Gas Survey ................................................ 5.11.1 Soil Gas Sampling Procedure ............................. 5.11.2 Analytical Procedures ................................... 5.11.3 QA/QC Procedures ...................................... Drive-Point Groundwater Field Screening (Geoprobe”) ............ 5-30 5-31 5-31 5-32 5-32 5-33 5-34 5,-34 5-35 5-35 5-36 5-36 5-36 5-39 5-41 5-46 6.0 SAMPLING HANDLING AND ANALYSIS .......................... 6.1 Sample Program Operations ..................................... 6.2 Chain-of-Custody ............................................... 6.3 Logbooks and Field Forms ....................................... 6,-l 6,-l 6-l 6-l 7.0 .............................................. SITE MANAGEMENT 7.1 Field Team Responsibilities ..................................... 7.2 Reporting Requirements ........................................ 7-l 7-l 7-l 8.0 REFERENCES 8-,l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..~.. .. . 111 LIST OF FIGURES Number iPap;e l-3 1-4 Camp Lejeune and Site 35 Location Map ................................ Generalized Hydrogeologic Cross Section Jones and Onslow Counties, North Carolina ............................ SitePlan-S&35-CampGeigerAreaFuelFarm ....................... Existing Monitoring Wells and Sampling Location ....................... 3-1 3-2 Proposed Soil Gas and Groundwater Sample Screening Locations Proposed Sampling Locations .......................................... 5-l Typical Above Grade Shallow (Type I) Groundwater Monitoring Well Construction Diagram ................................ Typical Above Grade Shallow (T’ype II) Groundwater Monitoring Well Construction Diagram ........................................... Typical Above Grade Deep Groundwater Monitoring Well Construction Diagram ...................... ..................... l-1 1-2 5-2 5-3 6-l 6-2 6-3 6-4 6-5 6-6 l-4 l-7 l-13 l-17 ;3-3 3-5 ......... 5-7 5-11 5-13 Chain-of-Custody ..................................................... Example Custody Seal ..... ..k ........................................ Example Sample Label ................................................ TestPitRecord ....................................................... Test Boring and Well Construction Record .............................. Field Well Construction Log ........................................... 6-5 6-6 6-i’ 6-9 6t-10 6-11 LIST OF TABLES l-1 Geologic and Hydrogeologic Units in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina 2-1 2-2 Conceptual Site Model and RI/FS Objectives for Operable Unit No. 10 ..... Summary of Data Types and Data Quality Levels ........................ 2-2 26 6-1 Summary of Sampling and Analytical 6-2 Programs at Site 35 ............... LIST OF APPENDICES A Justification Criteria For Use Of PVC As Well Casing Material iv ___-.____ .,,,--_.- .---_- ._... -- _. 1-6 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ARARs AST ATEC AWQC Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements aboveground storage tanks ATEC Associates, Inc. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Baker ks BOD BRA BTEX Baker Environmental, Inc. below ground surface biological oxygen demand Baseline Risk Assessment benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylenes CERCLA CLEAN CLP COD COPC CRP cs CSA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act Comprehensive Long-Term Environmental Action Navy Contract Laboratory Program chemical oxygen demand contaminants of potential concern Community Relations Plan Confirmation Study Comprehensive Site Assessment 1,2-DCE 1,2-Dichloroethene DON D&OS Department of the Navy data quality objectives EDB EPA ESE ethylene dibromide United States Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc. FSAP FFA FFS FS Field Sampling and Analysis Plan Federal Facilities Agreement Focused Feasibility Study Feasibility Study GC gas chromatograph IAS Initial Assessment Study LANTDIV LAW Atlantic Division, Naval Facilities Engineering Command Law Engineering, Inc. MCB MCL msl MTBE Marine Corps Base Maximum Contaminant Level mean sea level methyl tertiary butyl ether NCDEHNR North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources North Carolina Water Quality Standard NCWQS V ““-, NPL National Priorities List ou Operable Unit ppb parts per billion QAPP QA/QC Quality Assurance/Quality Control Quality Assurance Project Plan RA RCRA RI/FS Risk Assessment Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study SARA svocs Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Semivolatile Organic Compounds TAL TCE TCL TCLP TDS TSS TOC TPH TRC Target Analyte List trichloroethylene Target Compound List Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure total dissolved solids total suspended solids total organic carbon total petroleum hydrocarbons Technical Review Committee USEPA USGS UST United States Environmental Protection Agency United States Geological Survey underground storage tank vocs volatile organic compounds WAR Water and Air Research, Inc. vi Act 1.0 INTRODUCTION Marine Corps Base (MCB), Camp Lejeune was placed on the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), National Priorities effective November 4,1989 (54 Federal Register 41015, October 4,1989). listing, the United States Environmental Carolina Department of Environment, United States Department investigated Subsequent to this Protection Agency (USEPA) RegionIV, Health and Natural the North Resources (NCDEHNR), of the Navy (DON) entered into a Federal Facilities (FFA) for MCB, Camp Lejeune. The primary environmental List (NPL) and the Agreement purpose of the FFA was to ensure that impacts associated with past and present activities at the MCB are thoroughly and appropriate CERCLA response/Resource Conservation (RCRA) corrective action alternatives are developed and implemented as necessary to protect the public health, welfare and the environment (FFA, 1989). The scope of the FFA included the implementation Study (RI/FS) at 23 sites throughout and Recove,ry Act of a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility MCB, Camp Lejeune. Remedial investigations will be implemented at these sites to determine fully the nature and extent of the threat to the public health and welfare, or to the environment hazardous substances, pollutants, caused by the release and threatened contaminants or constituents at the site and to establish requirements for the performance of feasibility studies. Feasibility to identify, for the appropriate evaluate, and select alternatives prevent, mitigate, or abate the release or threatened pollutants, contaminants, release of studies will be coniducted CERCLA responses to release of hazardous substances, or constituents at the site in accordance with CERCLABuperfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) and applicable state law (FFA, 1989). This Field Sampling and Analysis Plan (FSAP) describes the proposed RI field activities that are to be conducted at Operable Unit No. 10: Site 35 - Camp Geiger Area Fuel Farm at MCB, Camp Lejeune. The primary purpose of the FSAP is to provide guidance for all field activities by describing in detail the sampling and data collection methods to be used to implement the various field tasks identified in the RI/FS Work Plan for Operable Unit No. 10 (Baker, 1993). The guidance also helps to ensure that sampling and data collection activities are carried out in accordance with EPA Region IV and Navy Energy and Environmental practices so that data obtained during the field investigation quality to evaluate the nature and magnitude of contamination l-l Support Activity are of sufficient (NEESA) quantity and in various media, estimate human health and environmental risks, and to evaluate potential technologies for remediation of contaminated media. The remaining portion of this section presents the background and setting of each of the sites. Section 2.0 identifies the Data Quality Objectives (DQOs) for each of the field sampling programs described in the RI/FS Work Plan. The media, number and types of samples, and the frequency of sampling are discussed in Section 3.0 (Sampling Locations Section 4.0 (Sample Designation) identifying groundwater and tracking describes the sample numbering the samples. sampling, decontamination, The investigative and Frequency). scheme to be followed for procedures (e.g., drilling, etc.) are presented in Section 5.0 (Investigative Procedures). Sample handling and analysis is described in Section 6.0 (Sample Handling Analysis). Section 7.0 (Site Management) focuses on the organization and responsibilities and of personnel associated with the field sampling events. In addition, background documents associated with Operable Unit No. 10 have been summarized in the RI/FS Work Plan that is associated with this document. 1.1 Site Description and Setting This section briefly describes the description and setting of Operable Unit No. 10. A more detailed description is provided in Section 2.0 in the RhFS Work Plan associated with this document. 1.1.1 Marine Corps Base, Camp Lejeune This section provides an overview of the physical features associated with MCB, Camp Lejeune. 1.1.1.1 Location and Setting MCB, Camp Lejeune is located within County, North Carolina. the Coastal Plain Physiographic The facility covers approximately Province in Onslow 170 square miles and is bisected by the New River, which flows in a southeasterly direction and forms a large estuary before entering the Atlantic Ocean. l-2 The eastern border of MCB, Camp Lejeune is the Atlantic northwestern Jacksonville, Ocean shoreline. The western and boundaries are U.S. Route 17 and State Route 24, respectively. The City of North Carolina, borders MCB, Camp Lejeune to the north. MCB, Camp Lejeune is depicted in Figure l-l. 1.1.1.2 Construction History of MCB, Camp Lejeune began in 1941 with the objective of develolping the ‘Worlds Most Complete Amphibious Training Base.” Construction of the Base started at Hadnot Point, where the major functions of the Base are centered. Development at the Camp Lejeune complex is primarily Command. in five geographical locations under the jurisdiction of the Base These areas include Camp Geiger, Montford Point, Courthouse Bay, Mainside, and the Rifle Range Area. Site 35 is located in the Camp Geiger Area in the northwest quadrant of the Base. 1.1.1.3 Topographv and Surface Drainage The generally flat topography of MCB, Camp Lejeune is typical of the seaward portions of the North Carolina Coastal Plain. Elevations on the Base vary from sea level to 72 feet above mean sea level (msl); however, the elevation of most of Camp Lejeune is between 20 and 40 feet above msl. Drainage at Camp Lejeune is generally toward the New River, except in areas near the coast which drain through the Intracoastal Waterway. In developed areas, natural drainage has been altered by asphalt cover, storm sewers, and drainage ditches. Approximately of Camp Lejeune is in broad, flat interstream 70 percent areas. Drainage is poor in these areas and the soils are often wet (Water and Air Research, 1983). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has mapped the limits of loo-year floodplain alt Camp Lejeune at 7.0 feet above msl in the upper reaches of the New River (Water and Air Research, 1983); this increases downstream to 11 feet above msl near the coastal area (Water and Air Research, 1983). Site 35 does not lie within the loo-year floodplain of the New River. l-3 1.1.1.4 Regional Geology MCB, Camp Lejeune is located in the Atlantic sediments of the Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province. The Coastal Plain consist of interbedded sands, clays, calcareous clays, shell beds, sandstone, and limestone. These sediments lay in interfingering beds and lenses that gently dip and thicken to the southeast (ESE, 1991). These sediments were deposited in marine or near-marine environments and range in age from early Cretaceous to Quaternary time and overlie igneous and metamorphic basement rocks of pre-Cretaceous age. Talble l-l presents a generalized stratigraphic 1.1.1.5 column for this area (ESE, 1991). Regional Hvdrogeoloay United States Geological Survey (USGS) studies at MCB Camp Lejeune indicate that the Base is underlain by seven sand and limestone aquifers separated by confining units of silt and clay. These include the water table tsurficial), Castle Hayne, Beaufort, Peedee, Black Creek, and upper and lower Cape Fear aquifers. The combined thickness approximately of these sediments 1,500 feet. Less permeable clay and silt beds function as confining is units or semi-confining units which separate the aquifers and impede the flow of groundwater between aquifers. A generalized hydrogeologic which illustrates the relationship cross-section of this area is presented in Figure l-2 between the aquifers in this area (ESE, 1992). The surficial aquifer is a series of sediments, primarily to depths of 50 to 100 feet. No laterally in this interval sand and clay, which commonly extend extensive clay confining units have been encountered during previous subsurface investigations. This unit is not used for water supply in this part of the Base. In some areas, the surficial aquifer is reported to contain water contaminated by waste disposal practices, particularly in the northern and north-central developed areas of the Base (USGS, 1989). The principal water-supply aquifer for the Base is the series of sand and limestone beds that occur between 50 and 300 feet below land surface. This series of sediments generally is known as the Castle Hayne aquifer. The Castle Hayne aquifer is about 150 to 350 feet thick in the area and is the most productive investigations aquifer in North Carolina (USGS, 1989). Previous in this area indicate that the Castle Hayne aquifer (defined as deeper than 50 to 100 feet) and the surficial aquifer (defined as less than 50 to 100 feet) are in hydraulic communication. l-5 APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF HADNOT POINT INDUSTRIAL AREA NORTH JONES COUNTY --zuu SEA LEVEL 200 I ’ ONSLOW COUNM I SURFICIAL AQUIFER t CASTLE HAYNE AQUIFER ----_ \ . . ..rn 400 600 BLACK CREEK AQUIFER 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 10 KILOMETERS 1,600 _ VERTICAL SCALE GREATLY EXAGGERATED 1,800 SECTION LOCATED IN FIGURE 4 2.000 60-515 FIGURE l-2 GENERALIZED HYD,ROGEOLOGICCROSS-SECT!ON JONES AND ONSLOW COUNTIES, NORTH CAROLINA REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION CTO-0160 SOURCE: HARNED, et. al., 1989 MARINE CORPS BASE, CAMP LEJEUNE NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH r .-\ Onslow County and Camp Lejeune lie in an area where the Castle Hayne aquifer contains freshwater, although the proximity of saltwater in deeper layers just below this aquifer and in the New River estuary is of concern in managing water withdrawals from the aquifer since overpumping of the deeper parts of the aquifer could cause saltwater intrusion. presently contains water having less than 250 mg/L (milligrams The aquifer per liter) chloride throughout the area of the Base (USGS, 1989). The aquifers that lie below the Castle Hayne consist of a thick sequence of sand and clay. Although some of these aquifers are used for water supply elsewhere in the Coastal Plai.n, they contain saltwater in the Camp Lejeune area (USGS, 1989). Rainfall that occurs in the Camp Lejeune area (and does not exit the site as surface runoff) enters the ground in recharge areas, infiltrates the soil, and moves downward until it reaches the water table, which is the top of the saturated zone. In the saturated zone, ground water flows in the direction of lower hydraulic like the New River and its tributaries ,i--. head, moving through the system to discharge areas or the ocean (USGS, 1989). Water levels in wells tapping the surficial aquifer vary seasonally. The surticial aquifer receives more recharge in the winter than in the summer when much of the precipitation evaporates or is transpired by plants before it can reach the water table. Therefore, the water table generally is highest in the winter months and lowest in summer or ear’ly fall (USGS, 1989). 1.1.1.6 Surface Water Hvdrologv The dominant surface water feature at MCB Camp Lejeune is the New River. It receives drainage from most of the base. The New River is short, with a course of approximately miles on the central coastal plain of North Carolina. confined to a relatively South of Jacksonville, 50 Over most of its course, the New River is narrow channel entrenched in the Eocene and Oligocene limestones. the river widens dramatically as it flows across less resistant sands, clays, and marls. At MCB Camp Lejeune, the New River flows in a southerly direction and empties into the Atlantic Ocean through the New River Inlet. Several small coastal creeks drain the area of MCB Camp Lejeune that is not drained by the New River and its tribu.taries. These creeks flow into the Intracoastal Waterway, which is connected to the Atlantic /-m. Bear Inlet, Brown’s Inlet, and the New River Inlet. (WAR, 1983). l-8 Ocean by /P-Y, 1.1.1.7 Climatology MCB Camp Lejeune is located within Carolina. the Coastal Plain physiographic division of North Coastal Plain elevations range from 200 feet above msl at the western boundary to generally 30 feet or less in areas of tidal influence to the east. The tidal portion of the (Coastal Plain, where Camp Lejeune is situated, is generally flat and swampy. Although coastal North Carolina lacks distinct wet and dry seasons, there is some seasonal variation in average precipitation. July tends to receive the most precipitation and rainfall amounts during summer are generally the greatest. Daily showers during the summer are not uncommon, nor are periods of one or two weeks without thunderstorms contribute to the variability of precipitation October tends to receive the least amount of precipitation, and spring months precipitation rain. occurs primarily during effectively reduces the average daily fluctuation the summer months. in the form of migratory Coastal Plain temperatures are moderated by the proximity showers and on average. Throughout storms. Camp Lejeune’s average yearly rainfall is approximately ,/.--. Convective low pressure 52 inches. of the Atlantic of temperature. the winter Ocean. The ocean Lying 50 miles offshore at its nearest point, the Gulf Stream tends to have little direct effect on coastal temperatures. The southern reaches of the cold Labrador Current offsets any warming effect the Gulf Stream might otherwise provide. Camp Lejeune experiences hot and humid summers; however, ocean breezes frequently produce a cooling effect. The winter months tend to be mild, with occasional brief cold spells. Average daily temperatures range from 38” F to 58” F in January and 72” F to 86” F in July. The average relative humidity, between 75 and 85 percent, does not vary greatly from season to season. Observations of sky conditions indicate yearly averages of approximately 112 days clear, 105 partly cloudy, and 148 cloudy. Measurable amounts of rainfall occur 120 days per year, on the average. Prevailing winds are generally from the south-southwest and from the north-northwest 10 months of the year, during September and October. The average wind speed for MCAS New River is 6.9 m.p.h. 1-9 1.1.1.8 Natural Resources and Ecological Features The Camp Lejeune complex is predominantly (shortleaf, longleaf, pond, and primarily species. Approximately management. tree-covered, with large amounts of softwood loblolly pines) and substantial stands of hardwood 60,000 of the 112,000 acres of Camp Lejeune are under forestry Timber producing areas are under even-aged management with the exception of those areas along streams and swamps. These areas are managed to provide both wildlife habitat and erosion control. Forest management provides wood production, increased wildlife populations, enhancement of natural beauty, soil protection, prevention of stream pollution, and protection of endangered species (WAR, 1983). Upland game species including black bear, whitetail deer, gray squirrel, fox squirrel,, quail, turkey, and migratory waterfowl are abundant and are considered in the wildlife management programs (WAR, 1983). Aquatic ecosystems on MCB Camp Lejeune consist of small lakes, the New River estuary, numerous tributaries, creeks, and part of the Intracoastal Waterway. A wide variety of freshwater and saltwater fish species exist here. Freshwater ponds are under management to produce optimum yields and ensure continued harvest of desirable fish species. Freshwater fish in the streams and ponds include largemouth bass, redbreast sunfish, bluegill, chain pickerel, yellow perch, and catfish. Reptiles include alligators, turtles, and snakes (including venomous) (WAR, 1983). Wetland ecosystems at MCB Camp Lejeune can be categorized into five habitat types: pond pine or pocosin; sweet gum/water oakcypress and tupelo; sweet bay/swamp black gum and red maple; tidal marshes; and coastal beaches. Pocosins provide excellent habitat for bear and deer because these areas are seldom disturbed by humans. habitat at Camp Lejeune is primarily The presence of pocosin type responsible for the continued existence of black bear in the area, Many of the pocosins are overgrown with brush and pine species that would :not be profitable to harvest. Sweet gum/water oak/cypress and tupelo habitat is found in the rich, moist bottomlands along streams and rivers. Dear, bear, turkey, and waterfowl This habitat extends to the marine shorehnes. are commonly found in this type of habitat. Sweet bay/swamp black gum and red maple habitat exist in the floodplain areas of Camp Lejeune. Fauna including waterfowl, mink, otter, raccoon, deer, bear, and gray squirrel frequent this habitat. The tidal marsh at the mouth of the New River is one of the few remaining Carolina coastal areas relatively free from filling l-10 North or other manmade changes. This habitat, which consists of marsh and aquatic plants such as algae, cattails, bulrush, and spikerush, alligators, provides wildlife raccoons, and river with food and cover. otter exist in this habitat. saltgrass, Migratory cordgrass, waterfowl, Coastal beaches along the intracoastal waterway and along the outer banks of Camp Lejeune are used for recreation and to house a small military command unit. Basic assault training maneuvers are also conducted along these beaches. Training regulations ecological sensitive coastal barrier dunes. presently restrict activities that would impact The coastal beaches provide habitat for many shorebirds (WAR, 1983). The Natural Resources and Environmental the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Affairs (NREA) Division of MCB Camp Lejeune, Service, and the North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission have entered into an agreement for the protection of endangered and threatened species that might inhabit MCB Camp Lejeune. Habitats are maintained at MCB Camp Lejeune for the preservation and protection of rare and endangered species through the base’s forest and wildlife management programs. Full protection is provided to such species and critical habitat is designated in management plans to prevent or mitigate adverse effects of base activities. Special emphasis is placed on habitat and sightings of alligators, osprey, bald eagles, cougars, dusky seaside sparrows, and red-cockaded woodpeckers (WAR, 1983). Within 15 miles of Camp Lejeune are three publicly owned forests: Croatan National Forest; Hofmann Forest; and Camp Davis Forest. The remaining land surrounding primarily used for agriculture. Camp Lejeune is Typical crops include soybeans, small grains, and tobacco (WAR, 1983). 1.1.1.9 Land Use Camp Lejeune presently covers an area of approximately civilian population is approximately a training 170 square miles. Military and 60,000. During World War II, Camp Lejeune was used as area to prepare Marines for combat. This has been a continuing function of the facility during the Korean and Vietnam conflicts, and the recent Gulf War (i.e., Desert Storm). Toward the end of World War II, the camp was designated as a home base for the Second Marine Division, Since that time, Fleet Marine Force (FMF) units also have been stationed here as tenant commands. l-11 1.1.1.10 Water Supple MCB Camp Lejeune water is supplied entirely from groundwater. from approximately 90 water supply wells and treated. Groundwater is obtained There are eight water treatment plants with a total capacity of 15.821 million gallons per day (MGD). Groundwater ‘usage is estimated at over 7 MGD (USGS, 1989). The water supply wells are all located within the boundaries of the Base. The average water supply well at the base has a depth of 162 feet, a casing diameter of 8 inches, and yields 174 gpm (USGS, 1989). All of the water supply wells utilize the Castle Hayne aquifer. The Castle Hayne aquifer is a highly permeable, semiconfined aquifer that is capable of yielding gallons per minute in municipal and industrial several hundred to 1,000 wells in the Camp Lejeune area. The water retrieved is typically a hard, calcium bicarbonate type. 1.1.2 Site 35 - Camp Geiger Area Fuel Farm This section addresses the background previous investigations 1.1.2.1 and setting of Site 35. In addition, is presented. Site Location and Setting Camp Geiger is located at the extreme northwest County. a summary of corner of MCB, Camp Lejeune, Cnslow The main entrance to Camp Geiger is off U.S. Route 17, approximately southeast of the City of Jacksonville, Farm refers primarily North Carolina. to five, X,000-gallon 3.5 miles Site 35, the Camp Geiger Area Fuel aboveground storage tanks (ASTs), a pump house, and a fuel unloading pad situated within Camp Geiger just north of the intersection of Fourth and “G” Streets. Previous environmental fuel distribution investigations at the site identified underground piping that connect the ASTs to existing and former underground storage tanks (USTs) and expanded the area referred to as Site 35. To date, the Site 35 study area has been roughly bounded on the west by D Street, on the north by Second Street, on the east by Brinson Creek, and on the south by Fourth Street and Building No. TC-4’74 (see Figure l-3). The ASTs at Site 35 are used to dispense gasoline, diesel and kerosene to government vehicles and to supply USTs in use at Camp Geiger and the nearby New River Marine l-12 Corps Air Station. The ASTs are supplied by commercial carrier trucks which deliver product to fill ports located on the fuel unloading (120 feet maximum), underground from the unloading pad at the southern end of the facility. fuel lines are currently pad to the ASTs. Six, sb.ort-run utilized to distribute the product Product is dispensed from the ASTs via trucks and underground piping. The site is underlain by layers of silty sand with interbedded layers of clayey sand, coarse sand and gravel. Investigations performed to date have provided subsurface stratigraphic data to a depth of 44.5 feet. Shallow groundwater is encountered at 8 to 10 feet bgs. Surface topography is characterized as generally flat with a gentle slope to the northeast toward Brinson Crmeek. 1.1.2.2 Construction Site Historv of Camp Geiger was completed in 1945, four years after construction Camp Lejeune was initiated. Originally, Available of MCB, drawings date Site 35 back to at least July 1941. the ASTs were used for the storage of No. 6 fuel oil, but, were later converted (date unknown) for storage of other petroleum products including unleaded gasoline, diesel fuel, and kerosene. The ASTs currently in use at the site are reported to be the original tanks. Formerly, the ASTs at Site 35 supplied a gasoline filling station which was located on the northeast corner of the intersection of “F” and Fourth Streets. A leak in the underground line from the ASTs to the dispensing island was reportedly responsible for the loss of roughly 30 gallons per day of gasoline over an unspecified period (Law, 19921. The leaking line was subsequently sealed and replaced. Reports of a Mogas release in an underground distribution to 1957-58 (ESE, 19901. Apparently, line near one of the ASTs date back the leak occurred as the result of damage to a dispensing pump. At that time the Camp Lejeune Fire Department estimated that thousands of gallons of fuel were released although records of the incident have since been destroyed. The fuel migrated to the east and northeast into Brinson Creek. Interceptor trenches were excavated and the captured fuel was ignited and burned as was the product which discharged into Brinson Creek. Another abandoned underground distribution line extended from the ASTs to the former Mess Hall Heating Plant, located adjacent to “D” Street, between Third and Fourth Streets. The underground line dispensed No. 6 Fuel Oil to an UST which fueled the Mess Hall boiler. The l-14 Mess Hall, located across “D” Street to the west, is believed to have been demolished along with its Heating Plant in the 1960’s. 1.1.2.3 Site Geoloav and Hvdrogeology The following information has been excerpted from Comprehensive Site Assessment (CSA) Report (Law, 1992). Selected portions of this report are included in Appendix A of the Work Plan for reference. The soil and stratigraphic borings drilled to date have penetrated three distinctive first unit is a fine- to medium-grained, from 15 to 30 feet. Law Engineering size distribution, units. The unconsolidated sand. The thickness of this unit ranges selected two samples of this unit to be analyzed for grain- including samples from MW-23, collected from a depth of 8.5 to 10.5 feet, and from MW-24, collected from a depth of 13.5 to 15.5 feet. These analyses revealed that the samples generally contain 96 percent sand and 4 percent silt and clay. The second unit is an oolitic, fossiliferous limestone which ranges in thickness from 6.5 to 20 feet. The fossils consist of fragments of mollusks; the matrix consists of fine-grained sand, fine-grained phosphate grains and lime mud. Under the Folk classification (Blatt et al,, 1972), this unit is a biosparite. The third unit is an unconsolidated, dark gray to black silty, clayey sand. Because this unit may be a confining unit separating the surficial and Castle Hayne aquifers, Law Engineering did not attempt to completely penetrate this clayey sand, and therefore, the thickness is not known. This unit was sampled in SB-1, SB-2, SB-3 and MW-19 and where it was observed to be up to 4 feet thick in SB-2. Grain-size analysis of a sample from this unit revealed that the sample contained 79 percent fine sand, 9 percent silt and 12 percent clay. This clayey sand is probably the same described by Harned, et al (1989) as one of the confining units occurring in the surficial aquifer and the Castle Hayne. Baker’s experience at Camp Lejeune sites east of the New River is that this unit is not a confining unit in that area because it is thin and discontinuous. This report noted, however, that the unit appears to be thicker and more continuous in the northwestern Law Engineering to its relatively part of Camp Lejeune, where the Site 35 is located. believes that this clayey sand acts as a confining unit in the study area due high percentage of silt and clay. It is believed that this unit separates the surficial aquifer from the underlying Castle Hayne aquifer. l-15 Groundwater in the surfmial aquifer generally flows cross the project site to the east, towards Brinson Creek. September 3,199l As indicated by comparing between “shallow” water level elevations and “deep” screened intervals, surficial aquifer generally moves laterally recorded on ground water in the across the project site with no significant vertical gradient. The rate or~:average linear velocity of groundwater function of the hydraulic conductivity movement across the project site is a (K) of the aquifer medium, the effective porosity (n) of the aquifer medium and the hydraulic gradient (dh/dl) that exists in the suficial hydraulic conductivity to be approximately aquifer. The of the unconsolidated sands within the surficial aquifer was calculated 28 feet/day. Law calculated a range of average, linear velocities of between 0.99 feet/day (n=25 percent) and 1.66 feet/day (n = 15 percent) using values for effective porosity of 15 percent to 25 percent for fine sand, as estimated by Walton (1984). 1.1.2.4 Results of Previous Investigations Previous investigations performed at Site 35 include the following: o Initial Assessment Study (IAS) by Water and Air Research, Inc. (WAR), dated 1983; l Confirmation Study (CS) by Engineering Science and Environmental, Inc. (ESE), dated 1990; l Focused Feasibility Study (FSS) by NUS Corporation (NUS), dated 1990; a Comprehensive Site Assessment (CSA) by Law Engineering, Inc. (LAW), dated 1992; and, l Addendum to the CSA by Law, dated 1993. The locations of various data points (i.e., monitoring investigations are depicted in Figure l-4. l-16 wells,soil borings, etc.) from previous I ’ (‘INrn) I FIGURE l-l CAMP LEJEUNE AND Sl:TE 35 LOCATION MAP MARlNE CORPS l3ASE, CAMP LEJEUNE NORTH ,CAROLINA MONITORING WELL INSTALLED SOIL BORING SURFACE DRILLED UNDER UNDER CS (1983) CS (1984) WATER AND SEDIMENT BY ESE. BY ESE. GROLJNDWATER SAMPLE SAMPLING LOCATIONS MONITORING WELL INSTALLED BY NUS (1990). MONITORING WELL INSTALLED UNDER CSA (1991) MONITORING WELL INSTALLED UNDER UNDER CS (1964) SOIL BORING HP-15MW-13 * 8 SOIL BORING DRILLED UST INVESTIGATION DRfLLED HAND-AUGERED *HYDROPUNCH” EXISTING (1992) BY ATEC. SAMPLING IL I THIRD STREET HP- \ I Koo -GAL. e i UNDER CSA (1991) BY LAW. POINT UNDER CSA (1991) BY IAW (EXPOSED / MW-3 0 I i ,-- OF FLOW FOR BRINSON POTEHTIAL OIL AND FUEL CONTAMINATION POTENTIAL HALOGENATED POTENTIAL OIL. ORGANIC DRAIN (POTENTIAL SOURCE) SOURCE CONTAMINATION / PARKING AREA SOURCE ORGANIC HALOGENATED i CONTAMINATION SOURCE ORGANIC \ / \ / I MW-S MESS HALL HEATlhG PLANT r CREEK FUEL AND HALOGENATED I NC. 6 FUEL 3lL UST FOUNDATION) DIRECTION DIESEL AST (A~AN~~NEJ) BY LAW. STRUCTURE BURItiD STORM CONTAMINATION EMW-I CSA (1991) (1993) BY LAW. CSA (1991) BORING DRILLED FORMER STRUCTURE + UNDER UNDER BY ESE. BY LAW. MONlrORlNG WELL INSTALLED UNDER CSM FOLLOW-UP INVESTIGATION BY uw. (NOTE: Pw-28 REFERS TO A PUMPING TEST WELL.) STRATIGRAPHIC OBTAINED. t FOURTH STREET \ m * / , UW-26 8 VEHICLE a uw-10 MAlNTENAhCE FORMER GAS STATION I c L FOOTBALL \ FI:-D I 7 ‘WAREHOUSE WAREHOUSE r 1 Ii I- G534 i i /‘, I FIFTH STREET \ l h I 80’ DRAWN WJH/REL S.O.# i ’ ’ \ ’ ‘\ ’ \ II NORTH 1 II REMEDIALINVESTIGATION/FEASIBILITYSTUDY CTO-0160 MARINE CORPS BASE, CAMP NORTH CAROLINA LEJEUNE REVIEWED DLB ’ ‘1 \ ‘1 nis5;IONED DATE OCTOBER 1993 SCALE l”= WAREHOUSE 5 i /- 6ARRACKS II ‘“, a t ‘1,. ’ \ ‘1 ’ \ 0, WAREHOUSE \ 19160-43-SRN CADD# 160515SP BAKER ENVIROTu‘MENTAL,Inc. Coraopolis, Pennsylvania EXISTING MONITORING WELLS AND SAMPLING LOCATIONS - CAMP GEIGER AREA FUEL FARM l”= 80’ DATE OCTOBER 1993 FIGURE No. The results of the investigations hydrocarbon constituents performed to date identify in both soil and groundwater areas of elevated petroleum at Site 35. The petroleum hydrocarbons encountered in these media are the result of past operations and uncontrolled releases of oil and fuel at the site. In addition to petroleum hydrocarbons, elevated levels of halogenated organics were encountered in shallow groundwater samples at the site. The origin of these contaminants has not been determined to date. Soil samples from Site 35 were not analyzed for halogenated organic constituents The extent of contaminated under any of the previous investigation. soil and groundwater based on data obtained to date was identified in the CSA (Law, 1992). This data is attached to the RIDS Work Plan for Site 35 (Baker, 1993) in Appendix B. 1.2 Evaluation of Existing Information This section describes the types and volume of known wastes and impacted media at Site 35, potential migration impacts, preliminary and exposure pathways, preliminary ARARs (Applicable or Relevant public health and environmental and Appropriate Requirements) applicable to the site, potential remedial technologies, and data limitations. 1.2.1 Types and Volumes of Waste and Impacted Information available from previous investigations Media Present indicates that Site 35 has been impacted by past releases of oils and fuels associated with the site and by halogenated compounds from a source(s) that has yet to be determined. organic No records are availalble to document quantities; however, a release of thousands of gallons of gasoline was reported. in the late 1950s. More recently, there was a report that a buried fuel line released 30 gallons per day over an unspecified period of time. Based on the results of the investigations performed to date it is estimated that 35,.000 to 60,000 cubic yards of oil and fuel impacted soil are present at the site. Shallow groundwater plumes impacted with halogenated and non-halogenated compounds are known to extend over an area of approximately investigation is needed to define the vertical and horizontal extent of halogenated organic contamination in organic groundwater c ,.s--. 16 acres. The source of the halogenated shallow groundwater contamination has yet to be determined. and attempt a source delineation. organic shallow groundwater contamination Additional The source of the non-halogenated has been determined to be past site operations at 1-18 the fuel farm. The horizontal contamination has been adequately Additional 1.2.2 extent of the non-halogenated organic shallow groundwater defined via the results of previous investigation. data is required to define the vertical extent of this contamination. Potential Migration and Exposure Pathways Based on the evaluation of existing conditions at Site 35, the following potential contaminant migration and exposure pathways have been identified. Transport Pathways l Overland surface soil runoff to drainage ditches. l Leaching of contaminants in subsurface soil to groundwater. l Groundwater tributaries l discharge to nearby drainage ditches/springs or streams (unnamed to Brinson Creek, Brinson Creek, and the New River). Groundwater infiltration from shallow aquifer to deep aquifer. Exposure Pathways a Current military personnel and civilian base employees traversing through t,he area could be exposed to surface soil, sediments, and standing water. l Future human residential exposure by incidental soil ingestion. l Future human residential dermal exposure by direct contact with soil. l Future potential use of shallow and deep groundwater (shallow impacted groundwater in this area is not currently used as a potable water supply). l Wildlife (deer, mammals), fish and fowl exposure to surface and subsurface Isoil and surface water. (Note: Hunting is prohibited in this area.) 1-19 l Benthic and pelagic populations on the unnamed tributaries and the New River could be exposed to contaminants. 1.2.3 Preliminary A preliminary Public Health and Environmental risk evaluation of Site 35 has concluded that there may be potential human and ecological risk to receptors due to the contamination and civilian Health Impacts contractors have been identified detected at this site. Military personnel as the probable human receptors. Th.e non- human population of receptors includes, but is not limited to, small mammals such as raccoon and fox, deer, birds, reptiles, and aquatic organisms, such as fish. 1.2.4 Present Database Limitations The purpose of this section is to define data limitations the site, assessing human health and environmental technologies. with respect to either characterizing risks, or evaluating potential feasible Site-specific RUFS objectives and sampling strategies for resolving these data deficiencies are subsequently identified in Sections 4.0 and 5.0 of this RI/FS Work Plan. Site Characterization 1.2.4.1 A review of the data obtained under previous investigations gaps which do not afford a full characterization of the nature and extent of contamina.tion the site. The data gaps include lack of definition halogenated organic contamination source(s) of this contamination, information of the vertical in groundwater, and definition organic groundwater contamination. indicates the presence (of data and horizontal and identification of the vertical Existing monitoring at extent of of the possible extent of non-halogenated wells and sampling locations, the from which have led to a present site understanding, are depicted on Figure l-4. Other data gaps include those associated with site soil, surface water, and sediment. The data gaps for each media are discussed below. Groundwater Additional groundwater data is required in the vicinity of monitoring southwest corner of Fourth and “E” Streets) and monitoring southeast of the ASTs and northeast of Building identified halogenated organic contamination. wells MW-10 (near the wells EM-7 and MW-19 (located TC474) to identify the extent of previously In the case of MW-10, where elevated levels of l-20 TCE were reported (Law 19921, there is no data available to assess whether a plume extends to the east, south, or west. Similarly, the extent of the TCE plume was not identified south, east, or north of wells EM-7 and MW-19. No data is available to assess the vertical limits of the TCE plume since elevated levels of TCE were identified at several of the deepest wells (i.e., base of well screens set as deep as 35 feet bgs) previously installed including wells MW-10, MW-19, and EM-7. Additional data is required in the vicinity of monitoring wells MW-2 (at former Mess Hall Heating Plant), MW-21 and MW-25 to assess the vertical extent of non-halogenated shallow groundwater contamination. organic BTEX compounds were detected in samples obtained from the deepest wells previously installed at these locations. In general, sufficient data has been obtained to date to characterize the horizontal contamination organic in the shallow groundwater. Groundwater Contamination Additional extent of the non-halogenated Sources soil and groundwater halogenated organic groundwater data is required to identify contamination. and assess the source of the Possible sources include: Building TC474 where vehicle maintenance was performed as late as 1988; the former Mess Hall Heating Plant where solvents may have been used for maintenance; the storm drain conduit system along Fourth Street that may have served as a conveyance system for solvents generated at an unknown off-site location; and any of the past or present buildings whose complete histories of use are not known, but, could have included the handling and storage of solvents. The horizontal extent of oil and fuel impacted soils has, for the most part, been sufficiently defined under previous investigations performed at the site. Additional data is required, along the drainage channels that extend from “F” Street and the ASTs to Brinson Creek. This data will be obtained under the Interim RUFS the focus of which will be the oil and fuel im:pacted soils at this site. The project plans for the Interim RID’S are being prepared separately under this Contract Task Order. No soil samples obtained to date at Site 35 have been analyzed for halogenated compounds. As a consequence, there is no data pertaining to the possible presence of these compounds at areas where these compounds have been identified 1-21 organic in shallow groundwater. Additional soil sampling is required to identify the presence, if any, and extent of halogenated organic compounds in vadose zone soil in the vicinity of the shallow groundwater impacted with these contaminants under previous investigations. under the Interim RI/FS at areas where contaminated under previous investigations. Additional identified as This data will be obtained groundwater and soil was identified soil samples obtained in areas not investigated to date will be analyzed for halogenated organic compounds. Surface Water and Sediment To date only two surface water and sediment samples have been obtained from Brinson Creek. These samples were analyzed for lead, EDB, and oil and grease. Laboratory results of the surface water samples indicated no detections while lead and oil and grease were detected in sediment samples. Additional surface water and sediment samples are needed along Elrinson Creek at locations upgradient, downgradient, and adjacent to Site 35, to support the b,aseline risk assessment. Risk Assessment 1.2.4.2 No previous investigation performed to date has included the performance of a quantitative baseline human health and ecological risk assessment (RA). The chemical characteristics surface soil, surface water, and sediment samples obtained from throughout principal data needed to support the baseline human health RA. Site 35 are the Additional selected existing groundwater wells is also needed to provide analytical of samp’ling of results for full TAL organics and TCL inorganic parameters across the site. Fish and benthic samples are .needed from various locations along Brinson Creek for use in the ecological RA. 1.2.4.3 Engineering Typically, Entineering data is used to support the evaluation this data refers to the engineering particle size distribution of remedial alternatives characteristics under the FS. of subsurface soils such as or the hydraulic characteristics of the subsurface aquifer (pump test data). This type of data has been provided in previous reports (Law, 1992 and 1993) prepared for Site 35. Additional engineering data required includes information used directly in the design of groundwater treatment systems such as, but not limited to, BOD (biological oxygen de:mand), 1-22 COD (chemical oxygen demand), TSS (total suspended solids), TDS (total dissolved solids), and TOC (total organic carbon). 1-23 2.0 DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES Data Quality Objectives (DQOs) are qualitative data of known and appropriate quality and quantitative statements that ensure that are obtained during the RI and FS and will support remedial decisions (EPA, 198’7). DQOs associated with each field collection program are discussed and presented in this Section. DQOs were developed using the following three stage process: l Stage 1 - Identify decision types l Stage 2 - Identify data needs l Stage 3 - Design data collection program Stage 1 of the DQO process takes place during the scoping of the RUFS. This stage ilnvolves the evaluation of existing information, development of a conceptual model for the site to identify contaminant transport and exposure pathways, and the development of objectives for further data collection efforts. Stage 2 of the DQO process involves definition of the quality and quantity of data that will be required to meet the objectives established in Stage 1. Stage 3 involves design of a data collection program to meet the requirements identified in Stage 2. The remaining portions of this Section document the establishment of DQOs for the RI/FS at Operable Unit No. 10. 2.1 Stage 1 - Identification of Decision Types As part of the Stage 1 DQO process, available information from previous site investigations and other sources (e.g., USGS) were reviewed in order to describe the current site conditions, evaluate existing data, and assess the adequacy of the data. This review has been documented in Section 2.0 of the RI/l% Work Plan and summarized in Sections 1.1, and 1.2 of this FSAP. From this review and evaluation, identifying a conceptual site model was developed for Site 35 by the potential sources of contamination, the contaminant migration pathwa:ys, and potential receptors. A conceptual site model for Site 35 is presented in Table 2-l. Based. on the conceptual contaminant transport/migration model for this site, specific RI/F’S objectives have 2-l B TA ifi 2-1 ) CONCEPTIJALSITEMODELANDRUFSOBJEC!lTlVESFOROPERABLEUNlTNO.10 MCBCAMPLEJEUNE,NORTHCAROLINA Site Potential Exposure and Migration Pathways Medium or Area of Concern 35 Soil Camp Geiger Fuel Farm l l l Groundwater Camp Geiger Fuel Farm Site-Specific RI/FS Objectives Surface soil runoff from Site 35 to Brinson Creek Direct contact with surface soils by humans and animals Direct contact with subsurface soils by burrowing animals l l l l Migration/leaching of contaminants in the fuel farm area to the soil a Human exposure from future potential groundwater ingestion or dermal contact l Migration/Leaching of contaminants in the fuel farm area to the groundwater l Assess the nature and extent of shallow aquifer contamination l Vertical groundwater migration to the deep aquifer (1) l Evaluate groundwater quality in the deep aquifer (1) Identify physical properties of the aquifers and their physical relationship between one another Evaluate off-site groundwater quality in the shallow aquifer Determine the nature and extent of contamination in surface water/sediment in Brinson Creek Assess groundwater quality near the fuel farm area Assess the level and nature of contamination in surface water/sediment Assess the level and nature of contamination in sediment and surface water Assess the level and nature of contamination in surface water/sediment near this portion of Site 35 Characterize surface water quality l l l l Surface Water/Sediment Camp Geiger Fuel Farm l OR-site groundwater migration l l Migration/Leaching of contaminants from the fuel farm to the surface water l l Groundwater discharge to surface water (Brinson Creek) l l e l I Assess the horizontal extent of surface soil contamination near the fuel farm area Assess the level and nature of contamination in surface soils at and near the fuel farm area Assess the level and nature of contamination in subsurface soils at and near the fuel farm area Assess the vertical extent of soil contamination within the fuel farm area Identify physical properties of soil Assess the nature and extent of shallow aquifer contamination Terrestrial wildlife - dermal exposure to contaminants in surface water and sediment Direct contact with surface water/sediment by humans and animals e l -1 due to I-Iuman exposure to -VWLs l volatilization from surface water ._.-- ..lte: (1)The “Deep Aquifer“ refers to the substratum below the clay layer identified in borings SB-1, SB-2, and SB-3 (Law, 1992) at depths ranging from 35 to 43 feet bgs. This clay layer may represent the confining aquitard that separates the shallow water table aquifer from the regionally significant Castle-Hayne Formation (seeWork Plan Section 5.3.4). 0 1 been developed to (1) determine the nature and extent of the threat posed by the release or potential release of hazardous substances, (2) assess human health and environmental and (3) identify and evaluate remedial alternatives. The identification risks, of these objectives, which are also presented in Table 2-1, is the first step toward the development of a program for collection of sufficient data for decision making. The following section identifies the data requirements to meet the site-specific! RI/FS objectives. Stage 2 - Identification 2.2 of Data Needs In Stage 2 of the DQO process, the data quality and quantity objectives developed during Stage 1 are identified. required to support the RUFS Data collected during the RI/FS for Site 35 will be used for: human ecological risk assessment; site characterization; evaluating alternatives; screening and and remedial design. With respect to the RUFS objectives identified in the previous section, data will be required to address the following: l The extent of surface and subsurface soil contamination within reported disposal areas. l The extent of surface soil contamination due to surface runoff. a The physical properties of the soil to evaluate migration potentials and remedial technologies. l The chemical properties of soil to assess potential human health and environmental risks, and to evaluate remedial technologies. l The chemical properties associated with disposal and treatment requirements. Groundwater l The extent and nature of on site and off-site groundwater and/or deep aquifers. 2-3 contamination in shallow l The physical properties of the aquifers and their physical relationship. l The flow direction and discharge patterns of the aquifers. l The chemical properties to assess potential human health risks. l The chemical properties to evaluate compliance with State and Federal drinking water standards. The chemical/physical l properties that may affect the treatability of the groundwater. Sediments The extent and nature of sediment contamination l in drainage areas pote,ntially impacted by site runoff, groundwater discharge, or tidal effects. The chemical properties to assess human health and environmental l risks due to exposure. l Evaluate physical/chemical stress to fish or benthic aquatic communities. Surface Water l The extent and nature of surface water potentially impacted by site runoff, groundwater discharge, or tidal effects. l The chemical properties to assess human health and environmental risks. AST Fuel Farm Area l The extent of subsurface soil contamination l The chemical/physical at suspected source areas. properties to assess disposal and treatment requirements. 2-4 Halogenated Organic Source Area l The extent of subsurface soil contamination l The chemical/physical at suspected source areas. properties to assess disposal and treatment requirements. The type of data and the quality of data to meet the criteria listed above are summarized on Table 2-2. The data quality levels differ with respect to the end use of the data. Level IV data quality are generally required in risk assessments, characterizing contamination, and to support the record of decision (ROD). appropriate for evaluating treatment alternatives. field screening (i.e., geophysical investigations, the nature and extent of Level III data quality Level II data quality is appropriate is for soil gas). Level I data is appropriate for field measurements such as dissolved oxygen, temperature, specific conductance, and pH. The analytical method also differs with respect to the end use of the data. For purposes of assessing health risks and to compare contaminant levels against Federal or State standards, it will be necessary to obtain lower detection levels for selected parameters such as volatile organics. For this RI/F’S, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) methods and Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) protocols will be used when applicable. The quantity of samples collected is based on obtaining characterize the nature and extent of contamination, risks, and develop and evaluate remedial alternatives. a representative measure to assess human health and environnnental For the various field investigations for Operable Unit No. 10, the number and location of samples was determined based on best engineering estimates, visual evaluation of the sites, and a review and evaluation of background information. 2.3 Stage 3 -Design Data Collection Program The data collection programs for Operable Unit No. 10 have been designed to meet the objectives identified in Table 2-1. Section 5.3 of the RI/FS Work Plan provides a general description of the various sampling programs for Site 35. Sections 3.0 through FSAP provide the specific details of these sampling programs. 2-5 5.0 of this TABLE 2-2 SUMMARY OF DATA TYPES AND DATA QUALITY LEVELS OPERABLE UNIT NO. 10, MCB CAMP LEJEUNE, NORTH CAROLINA Medium Sampling Criteria/Purpose soil l l Groundwater l Identify physical properties of soil to evaluate migration potentials and remedial technologies l Identify chemical properties of soil to assesspotential human health and environmental risks, and to evaluate remedial technologies l Identify chemical properties associated with disposal and treatment requirements l Assess extent and nature of onsite and offsite groundwater contamination in shallow and/or deep aquifers l * Note: Assess extent of surface and subsurface soil contamination within reported impacted areas Assess extent of surface soil contamination due to surface runoff Identify physical properties of the aquifers and their physical relationship between one another (1) Existing information will be reviewed (USGS publications) Data Types TCL VOAs and SVOAs TAL Inorganics (Metals) TCL VOAs and SVOAs TAL Inorganics (Metals) Atterburg Limits Grain Size Constant Head permeability TOC Microbial Enumeration Phosphorous Nitrogen TCL VOAs and SVOAs TAL Inorganics (Metals) TPH Total TCLP Reactivity Corrosivity Ignitability Volatiles (EPA 601/602) TCL SVOAs TAL Inorganics (Metals) Surface Features (lithologic samples) Water Level Elevations (static) Hydraulic Conductivity(l) w.., “--:-A-‘++) ~larillAwJaLvlby Data Quality Level E E III III III III III III III E II III III III III :v” Iv II II II ii TABLE 2-2 (Continued) SUMMARY OF DATA TYPES AND DATA QUALITY LEVELS OPERABLE UNIT NO. 10, MCB CAMP LEJEUNE, NORTH CAROLINA Medium Sampling Criteria/Purpose Groundwater (continued) l o Identify chemical properties to assesspotential human health risks l Identify chemical properties to evaluate compliance with State or Federal drinking water standards Identify chemical/physical properties that may affect treatment l Sediment o l Identify flow direction and discharge patterns of the aquifers Assess extent and nature of sediment contamination in surface water bodies potentially impacted by site runoff, groundwater discharge, or tidal effects Identify chemical properties to assesshuman health and environmental risks due to exposure Data Types Data Quality Level Surface Features (lithologic samples) Water Level Elevations (static and pumping) Hydraulic Conductivity Transmissivity Volatiles (EPA 601/602) TCL SVOAS TAL Inorganics (Metals) Volatiles (EPA 601/602) TAL Inorganics (Metals) Total Suspended Solids Biological Oxygen Demand Chemical Oxygen Demand Total Dissolved Solids Temperature Specific Conductance PH Microbial Enumeration Phosphorous Nitrogen TOC Alkalinity TCL Organics TAL Inorganics (Metals) :; TCL Organics TAL Inorganics (Metals) IV IV II II II II IV i-T Iv Iv III III III III I I I:1 III III III III TABLE 2-2 (Continued) SUMMARY OF DATA TYPES AND DATA QUALITY LEVELS OPERABLE UNIT NO. 10, MCB CAMP LEJEUNE, NORTH CAROLINA Medium Sampling Criteria/Purpose Surface Water l l l Waste r 00 Notes: TCL TAL TOC TcLI? - Assess extent and nature of surface water potentially impacted by site runoff, groundwater discharge, or tidal effects Identify chemical properties to assesshuman health and environmental risks Identify physical/chemical properties to assesspotential impacts to aquatic life l Assess extent of subsurface soil contamination at former disposal areas l Identify chemical/physical properties to assessdisposal and treatment requirements Target Compound List Target Analyte List Total Organic Carbon Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure Data Types TCL Organics TAL Inorganics (Metals) TCL Organics TAL Inorganics (Metals) Dissolved Oxygen Specific Conductance Temperature PH TCL Organics TAL Inorganics (Metals) Total TCLF’ Reactivity Ignitability Corrosivity Data Quality Level E it : I I Iv IV III III III III 3.0 SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND FREQUENCY This section identifies each sample matrix to be collected and the constituents to be analyzed under this RI/FS. The media from which samples will be obtained include soil, groundwater, surface water, sediment, benthics and fish. (Note: Table 6-l provides a summary of the sampling and analyses to be conducted at Site 35 under this RIiFS.1 3.1 Soil and Groundwater Sample Screening The effort to determine the source, nature and extent of halogenated organic groundwater contamination will be initiated screening refers to the utilization Geoprobe) groundwater approximate via soil gas and groundwater sample screening. In this case of soil gas and drive-point (e.g., tradenames Hydropunch sampling techniques. or These techniques can be calibrated to provide results regarding the presence or absence of a variety of chemical com.pounds. Both techniques are restricted primarily to the measurement of VOAs. Soil gas and groundwater samples will both be obtained by driving a small diameter stainless , *m--“1*, steel rod into the unsaturated and saturated zones, respectively. Groundwater samples will be obtained in the saturated zone at or near the shallow groundwater surface. Soil gas samples will be obtained in the unsaturated zone just above the groundwater gas and groundwater surface. Collected soil samples will be analyzed on site using a portable gas chromatograph (GC). Benzene and TCE will be used as the indicator compounds for analysis. Sampling procedures for each technique are detailed in Section 5.0. The purpose of screening using these techniques is to provide data to afford the optimal placement of soil borings/monitoring wells from which additional soil and groundwater samples can be obtained and shipped off site for analysis. These techniques are referred to as “screening” methods because the level of QA/QC is significantly standard laboratory analytical methods. less than that applied to Therefore, the results provided by screening are considered approximate only and subject to laboratory verification. Soil gas analysis shall be performed by an experienced chemist under controlled conditions (i.e., mobile laboratory) in accordance with Data Quality Level II. The focus of the soil and groundwater sample screening will be the areas in the vicinity 1) monitoring of: well MW-10 and the storm drain conduit along Fourth Street; 2) monitoring wells EMW-7 and MW-19, and Building m-474, and 3) the area surrounding the former Mess 3-1 Hall Hearing Plant. A total of 55 locations will be sampled from the three areas combined, as shown on Figure 3-1 and as discussed below. The largest area of soil gas and groundwater sample screening sampling points (35SG-13 through 35SG-34) is located south of Fourth Street from Building Building TC-460, including the storm drain conduit along Fourth Street, and north Street in the vicinity G533 extending of east to Fourth of the former gas station (see Figure 3-1, sample locations 13 through 34), The concentration of sampling points south of Fourth Street was deemed necessary because, unlike the area north of Fourth Street, very little data was obtained under previous Previous investigations. sampling in this area indicated elevated concentrations of halogenated organic compounds, including TCE, in groundwater samples collected from MW- 10, MW-14, and EMW-3 (see Figure l-4 for existing monitoring well locations). and groundwater contamination screening in this area is designed to delineate the horizontal The soil gas extent of this south of Fourth Street as well as the source, if possible. Additional sample locations may be selected in this area based on the results of the initial sampling. The second largest concentration concentration, Building of sampling points will be used to identify the presence and if any, of contaminants of concern in soil and groundwater in the vicinity TC-474, monitoring wells EMW-7 and MW-19, and Brinson Creek. Building of TC-474 is a warehouse and former auto maintenance facility that is suspected of being the potential source of halogenated organic contamination 19. The initial detected in monitoring wells EMW-7 and MW- soil gas and groundwater sampling grid for this area will consist of 21 sampling locations (35 through 55) spaced as shown on Figure 3-l. Additional sample locations may be selected in this area based on the results of the initial sampling. The third sampling grid will be placed in the vicinity because halogenated maintenance. of the former Mess Hall Heating Plant solvents may have been used at this facility as part of routine Elevated concentrations of non-halogenated organic compounds were detected in soil samples collected from boring B-4, adjacent to the abandoned No. 6 fuel oil UST. The initial sampling grid for this area will consist of 12 sampling locations (1 through 12) spaced as shown on Figure 3-1. Additional sample locations may be selected in this area basedi on the results of the initial sampling. As indicated above, additional soil gas and groundwater based on the results of the initial screening samples will he olbtained sampling until the limits of the impacted areas can be determined. 3-2 The results of the soil and groundwater screening will be mapped and used as the basis for placement of soil boring and monitoring wells, as discussed in the following sections. 3.2 Soil Investigation Soil sampling at Site 35 will be comprised of two elements including: surface soil sampling across the site to provide data to support the baseline risk assessment; and subsurface soil sampling at soil boring and shallow groundwater monitoring well locations determined via soil gas and groundwater field screening and at deep groundwater monitoring well locations. Each of these elements is discussed below: 3.2.1 Surface Soil Sampling A total of 14 surface soil samples (SS-1 through SS-141, including two background samples (SS-1 and SS-2) will be obtained from the locations depicted on Figure 3-2. samples are defined as those obtained from the interval Surface soil between the ground surface and 12 inches below the ground surface (bgs). The sampling locations were selected based on the limits of soil and groundwater investigations contamination established via the results of previous (Law, 1992 and ATEC, 1993). Background samples SS-1 and SS-2 are located topographically upslope contamination. and hydrogeologically The area of contamination upgradient of previously identified nearest to the background sample locations is associated with the former Mess Hall Heating Plant situated roughly 150 feet and 350 feet southeast of SS-1 and SS-2, respectively. The remaining groundwater surface soil samples are located within and/or soils have been identified. areas where contaminated Surface soil samples SS-3 and SS4 are situated in the area of the former Mess Hall Heating Plant where elevated petroleum hydrocarbons were detected in subsurface soil and shallow groundwater (Law, 1992 and ATEC, 1993). Surface soil samples SS-5 and SS-6 are located at the southwest corner of Fourth and “E” Streets where elevated levels of halogenated organics were detected at a monitoring (MW-10) installed in 1991 by Law. 3-4 well Surface soil samples SS-7 and SS-8 are located north of Fourth Street. SS-7 is situated between “F” Street and the parking lot for building TC480 while SS-8 is situated near monitori:ng well MW-25. The locations of these surface soil samples are within an area where el.evated petroleum hydrocarbons were previously detected in subsurface soil and shallow groundwater samples (Law, 1992). Surface soil samples SS-9 and SS-10 are located north of Fourth Street and between “F” Street and the Fuel Farm (TC362 and STC369). The results of previous sampling and analysis in this area identified shallow groundwater elevated levels of halogenated organics (Law, 1992). Surface soil samples SS-11 and SS-12 are situated in the vicinity of the Fuel Farm (TC362 and STC369) located north of the corner of Fourth and “G” Streets. Elevated levels of petroleum hydrocarbons were detected in shallow groundwater area. Past reported leaks from underground samples previously obtained from this lines in this area make them the primary suspected source of contamination. Soil samples SS-13 and SS-14 are located east of “G” Street. Sample SS-13 is situated in an area where elevated levels of halogenated organics were detected previously groundwater samples (MW-19 and EMW-7). wall of building TC474 which previously Sample SS-14 is situated adjacent to the east served as a vehicle maintenance facility suspected source of the groundwater contamination Additional in shallow and is a in this area. samples may be obtained based on the results of soil gas and groundwater sample screening which is being conducted as a tool to aid in defining the limits of the halogenated organic contamination previously detected in shallow groundwater. samples, if required, will be established in the field. additional The locations of these It is assumed that approximately five surface soil samples (SS-15 through SS-191 will be needed. These additional five surface soil samples will be obtained from five of the 13 subsurface soil borings (B-7 through B19) to be drilled under this RI/l% as described in the following subsection. 3.2.2 Subsurface Soil Sampling Subsurface soil samples will be obtained from 28 soil borings drilled under this RVFS. This includes 13 soil borings drilled exclusively for the purpose of obtaining subsurface soil data and 15 soil borings to be completed as monitoring wells. [Note: seven additional 3-6 soil borings (PSB-29 through PSB-35) are to be drilled under the Interim Remedial Action RI/FS to provide subsurface soil data at areas where petroleum-based contamination and/or groundwater under a previous investigation. provided in the Interim It h.as been soil borings (B-7 through B-19: Borings B-l through B-6 were installed by Law in 1991), five additional (MW-29A,B in soil The detailed rationale for these borings is Remedial Action RVFS Project Plan (Baker, 1993)l. assumed that 13 additional locations was identified through two-well cluster shallow groundwater MW-33A,B: monitoring wells MW-1 through monitoring MW-27 and pumping well PW-28 were installed by Law in 1991 and 1992) and five deep groundwater monitoring wells (GWD-1 through GWD-5) will be included under this RI/FS. Only the deep well locations are depicted on Figure 3-2 because the soil boring and shallow monitoring cluster locations will be determined by the results of the soil gas and groundwater well sample screening. The locations of the 13 soil borings and five two-well cluster shallow groundwater monitoring well locations will be determined based on the resultsof the soil gas and groundwater Sample screening results screening. contamination indicative sample of both the presence and absence of will be used. That is, it is anticipated that several borings and wells will be positioned in areas where positive soil gas and/or groundwater sampling results are obtained to confirm the presence or absence of contamination in these areas. Several borings and wells will also be positioned in areas where no positive soil gas and/or groundwater sampling results are obtained to confirm the presence or absence of contamination and establish the perimeter of the unimpacted area. Each subsurface soil boring will be drilled to the top of the shallow groundwater surface (assumed to be 8 to 10 feet bgs based on measurements from existing wells) and sampled at continuous 2-foot intervals via split-spoon using ASTM Method 1586-84. One subsurface sample for laboratory analysis will be obtained from each of the 13 soil borings that will not be completed as monitoring wells. Upon opening the split-spoon sampler, each soil sample will be field screened for volatile organic emissions via photoionization vapor analyzer (OVA). The soil sample exhibiting selected for laboratory analysis. visually contaminated detector (PID) or organic the highest PID or OVA reading will be The field geologist can exercise discretion and substitute sample for the sample exhibiting a the highest PID or OVA reading. Five of the 13 soil borings will be selected to provide surface soil (0 to 12 inches bgs) samples for laboratory analysis. The selection of the borings to provide these samples will be at the discretion of the field geologist. 3-7 f-7-a. Additional subsurface soil samples will be collected at each of the five shallow and five deep groundwater monitoring the unsaturated rationale soil interval located immediately above the static groundwater surface. The for obtaining contamination exhibiting well locations. These subsurface soil samples will be obtained from these samples is that it can provide a correlation and groundwater contamination between soil and is likely to be, along with the sample the highest PID or OVA reading, the most contaminated sample in the borehole. Additional soil borings and shallow groundwater monitoring wells may be required based on the results of the soil gas and groundwater sample screening. 3.2.3 Soil Analysis All surface soil samples obtained under this RUFS will be analyzed for TCL VOAs and SVOAs, and TAL Metals. The data from these samples will be used to support the baseline risk assessment. Subsurface soil samples obtained from soil borings to be completed as deep groundwater /+-v monitoring wells (GWD-1 through GWD-5) will be analyzed for TCL VOAs and SVOAs, and TAL metals. The data from these samples, which will be obtained from areas of previously identified contamination and from areas not previously investigated, the baseline risk assessment and to provide additional will be used to support data pertaining to the presence or absence and vertical extent of soil contamination. Subsurface soil samples obtained from soil borings (B-7 through B-19) and shallow monitoring well borings (MW-29A,B through MW-33A,B) designed to delineate the nature and e:xtent of the previously identified halogenated organic groundwater contamination will be analyzed only for TCL VOAs. One undisturbed subsurface soil sample (ASTM D1587-83) will background deep groundwater parameters including monitoring particle size distribution representative corresponding of a confining aquitard. from the well boring GWD-1 and analyzed for engineering (ASTM D4943-89), and constant head permeability obtained from the interval be obtained (ASTM D422-631, Atterberg Limits (ASTM D2435-68). The soil sample will be with the underlying clay layer that may be It is preferred that the sample be obtained from the background well to ensure an unimpacted sample is sent to the geotechnical laboratory. The performance of the above physical analyses will aid in the classification of the material which, 3-8 in turn, will afford an empirical estimate of the hydraulic conductivity compared to the results of the permeability test. One subsurface soil sample will be obtained from deep groundwater GWD-3 and analyzed for RCRA hazardous characteristics ignitability, contamination reactivity). of this zone tha.t may be monitoring well boring (i.e., full TCLP, corrosivity, This well is located in an area where halogenated was previously detected in shallow groundwater. organic In addition, subsurface soil samples will be collected for the evaluation of other engineering parameters including TOC, phosphorous, nitrogen, and microbial enumeration. 3.3 Groundwater Investigation The groundwater investigation to be conducted under this RIFS will include the installation of both shallow and deep groundwater monitoring wells. The rationale for the installation of these wells is presented below. 3.3.1 Shallow Groundwater Wells Five two-well cluster shallow groundwater monitoring well locations (MW-29A,B through MW-29A,B: MW-1 through -27 and pumping well PW-28 were installed by Law in 1’991 and 1992) will be installed under this RI/FS to define the horizontal organic contamination identified (Law, 1992). Specifically, in groundwater extent of the halogenated samples obtained under previous studies the extent of this contamination has not been defined south of Fourth Street where elevated levels were encountered at monitoring vicinity well MW-10 or in the of building TC474 where nearby wells MW-19 and EMW-7 exhibited elevated l.evels of TCE. The locations of the shallow monitoring well clusters will be determined based on the results of soil gas and groundwater sample screening. Several of the well clusters will be positioned to confirm the presence or absence of shallow groundwater positive screening results were obtained. contamination at areas where Conversely, a couple of the shallow wells will be positioned in areas where no positive screening results were obtained so as to delineate the limits of the shallow groundwater contamination. Five two-well shallow groundwater monitoring clusters (MW-29A,B through MW..33A,B: MW-1 through -27 and pumping well PW-28 were installed by Law in 1991 and 1992) will be 3-9 installed under this RI/L% to define the horizontal contamination identified 1992). Specifically, in groundwater extent of the halogenated organic samples obtained under previous studies (Law, the extent of this contamination has not been defkd Street where elevated levels were encountered at monitoring south of Fourth well MW-10 or in the vicinity of building TC474 where nearby wells MW-19 and EMW-7 exhibited elevated levels of TCE. The locations of the shallow monitoring well clusters will be determined in the field based on the results of soil gas and groundwater sample screening. Several of the well clusters will be positioned to confirm the presence or absence of shallow groundwater contamination where positive screening results were obtained. <atareas Conversely, a couple of the shallow well clusters will be positioned in areas where negative screening results were obtained so as to delineate the limits of the shallow groundwater contamination. At each shallow monitoring well cluster location, two X-inch diameter, schedule 40 PVC wells will be installed. obtaining underlying The purpose of the two-well cluster concept is to provide the means for groundwater data at the shallow groundwater surface and immediately ablove the confining layer. These intervals are monitored by existing double-nested shallow wells previously installed by Law. According to the results of previous investigations conducted by Law, the shallow groundwater surface can be expected to be encountered across the topographically flatter portions of the site at 8 to 10 feet bgs. Data provided lby Law indicates the top of the confining layer is located from 35 to 43 feet bgs. Each well in the two-well clusters will be provided with either an “A” or “B” designation (e.g., MW-29A and MW-29B). The “A” will identify the well screened at the groundwater surface, whereas “B” will identify the well screened at the top of the underlying confining layer. Each well will be constructed with 2-inch diameter, schedule 40 PVC casings and No. 10 slot, Z-inch diameter PVC screens. The groundwater surface monitoring well screened interval will be 10 feet long while a B-foot long screen will be set in the deeper shallow groundwater drilled to just above the confining layer. Detailed well construction information well and well installation procedures are provided in Section 5.0 Additional wells may be required based on the results of the soil gas and groundwater field screening. 3-10 3.3.2 Deep Groundwater Five deep groundwater Wells wells (GWD-1 through GWD-5) are to be installed under this RUFS below the clay layer identified in borings SB-1, SB-2, and SB-3 (Law, 1992) at depths, ranging from 35 to 43 feet bgs. This clay layer may represent the confining aquitard that separates the shallow water table aquifer from the regionally significant Castle Hayne formation. The proposed locations are shown on Figure 3-2. The deep well screens will be set immediately below the clay layer. In effect, the screens for these deep wells would be set only a few feet deeper than the deeper shallow groundwater monitoring wells and would be separated only by the underlying clay confining layer. The purpose of the deep wells is to provide data to define the vertical extent of contamination in areas where analytical investigations results of shallow groundwater have identified samples obtained under previous elevated levels of organic contaminants. One of the five deep wells (GWD-1) will be installed in an area suspected to not have been impacted (i.e., at the northwest corner of the intersection Two of the remaining of Third and “D” Streets) to provide background data. four deep wells (GWD-3 and GWD-5) are located adjacent to existing double-nested wells MW-10 and MW-19 previously installed by law. Elevated levels of halogenated organics were detected in the lower portions of these double-nested wells that are screened from 25.5 feet to 29.5 feet and from 22.5 feet to 24.5 feet, respectively. The other two deep wells (GWD-2 and GWD-4) are located near wells MW-2 at the former Mess Hall Heating Plant and MW-25 located north of the Fuel Farm (buildings TC362 and STC369). Both of these wells are located in areas where elevated levels of petroleum hydrocarbons were identified in previous studies (ATEC, 1993 and Law, 1992). The deep wells will be constructed of 2-inch diameter, schedule 40, PVC casings. Well screens will be 5 feet in length and will be constructed of No. 10 slotted PVC. It is assumed that all of the deep wells will be constructed with stick-up (2 to 3 feet) steel casings, locking ca.ps, and protective bollards. Detailed well construction information and well installation pro’cedures are provided in Section 5.0. 3.3.3 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis One round of groundwater samples will be collected from each well installed under this RI/FS. This will result in 10 samples from newly installed shallow monitoring wells and five samples from the deep wells. 3-11 Samples from four of the five shallow groundwater cluster wells (MW-29A,B MW-32A,B) will be analyzed for VOAs via EPA Method 6Ol/602 including tertiary through MTBE (methyl butyl ether)as these wells will be installed to provide data regarding the source and extent of the previously identified halogenated organic shallow groundwater contamination. In addition, the samples from well MW-33A and MW-33B will be analyzed for full-scan TCL organics and TAL inorganics. Samples from four of the five newly-installed deep groundwater monitoring wells (GWD-1 through GWD-4) will be analyzed for VOAs via EPA Method 6011602 including MTBE, TCL SVOAs, and TAL Metals. A sample from well GWD-5 will be analyzed for full-scan TCL organics and TAL inorganics. This data will be used to support the baseline risk assessment and to provide information regarding the vertical extent of groundwater contamination. In addition to the groundwater monitoring samples obtained from the newly installed shallow and deep wells, a single round of 21 groundwater samples will be obtained from a iselected number (12) of existing shallow groundwater monitoring wells to provide comparative data and for use in the baseline risk assessment. The existing wells to be sampled include shallow double-nested wells MW-2, -9, -10, -14, -16, -19, -21, -22, and -25, and single shallow wells EMW-3, -5, and -7. The selection of these 12 wells was based on the results of previous investigations (Law, 1992 and ATEC, 1993). Six of the wells (MW-10, -14, and -19, and EMW-3, -5, and 7) were identified as the only wells exhibiting halogenated organic compound TCE (trichloroethylene). elevated levels of the The remaining six wells (MW-2, -9, -16, -21, -22, and -25) include wells where elevated levels of petroleum hydrocarbons were detected. All of the selected shallow wells are double-nested wells except for EMW-3, -5, and -7 which are single wells. Each of the 21 samples obtained under this RUFS from the 12 existing groundwater identified above will be analyzed for VOAs via EPA Method 6011602 including wells MTBE, TCL SVOAs, and TAL metals as this data will be used to support the baseline risk assessm8ent. In addition, the sample obtained from double-nested well MW-21 will be analyzed for full-scan TCL organics and TAL inorganics in lieu of the above methods and for various engineering parameters including microbial enumeration, TOC, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorous and alkalinity. 3-12 3.3.4 Water Level Measurements Static water level measurements (minimum two rounds) will be collected from each existing and newly installed monitoring well during the groundwater measurements shall be collected from all of the wells within investigation. Water level a four hour period, if possible. This data will be used to evaluate groundwater flow direction. 3.4 Surface Water/Sediment Investigation Surface water and sediment investigations will be conducted along Brinson Creek possible impacts from Site 35 and to support the baseline risk assessment. stations will be established adjacent/downstream along Brinson Creek including assess Six sampling one upstream locations between the site and the New River. ho and five The locations are depicted and described on Figure 3-2. The exact sampling locations are to be determined in the field and are to correspond roughly with aquatic/ecological survey sampling locations. One surface water and two sediment samples (near bank: 0 to 6 inches and 6 to 121inches below the sediment surfaces) will be obtained from each location. The surface water and sediment samples will be analyzed for TCL organics and TAL metals. 3.5 Aquatic/Ecological Aquatic/ecological Survey surveys will be conducted in Brinson Creek to evaluate the potential ecological impacts from past activities at Site 35. The surveys will include the collection of benthic macroinvertebrate and fish samples to assess environmental -To assess ecological stresses to the aquatic community densities, species richness, macroinvertebrates and species diversity at each sampling station. stresses posed by Site 35. posed by stream quality, will be determined for fauna1 benthic Fish samples will be collected for each. of the population statistics and subsequent laboratory analysis of whole body parts and fillets. Crab samples will be collected for subsequent analysis of edible body parts. Each fish sam.ple for chemical analysis will represent different trophic levels, if possible, as follows: top carnivores, forage fish, and bottom feeders. All fish and crab analytical samples will be analyzed for TCL organics and TAL metals. Benthic macroinvertebrates and fish samples will be collected from three 500-foot stretches (i.e., sampling locations) along Brinson Creek; upgradient 3-13 of Site 35; roughly adjacent to i-- Site 35; and downgradient of Site 35 (see Figure 3-2). The stations will be located to roughly correspond to the surface water/sediment sampling locations. Benthic macroinvertebrates utilizing will be collected with a Standard Ponar. Fish will be collected electroshocking procedures, seining, or gill nets and/or other fish collecting techniques. Specific sampling procedures are detailed in Section 5.0. QA/QC Samples 3.6 QA/QC requirements for this investigation are presented in the Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) which is Section II of this SAP. The following QA/QC samples will be collected at each of the three sites during field sampling activities: l Trip Blanks Trip blanks are defined as samples which originate from analyte-free /--=X from the laboratory volatile to the sampling site and returned to the laboratory organic analysis (VOA) samples. cooler containing water taken with the One trip blank should accompany each samples for volatile organics analysis Trip blanks shall only be analyzed for volatile organics. l Equipment Rinsates Equipment rinsates decontamination are the final analyte-free water rinse from equipment procedures. Equipment rinsate blanks will be collected daily during each sampling event. Initially, samples from every other day should be analyzed. If analytes pertinent to the project are found in the rinsate, the remaining samples must be analyzed. The results from the blanks will be used to evaluate the decontamination methods. This comparison is made during data validation analyzed for the same parameters as the related samples. One equipment rinsate will be collected per day of field sampling. 3-14 and the rinsates are Field Blanks l Field blanks consist of the source water procedures. At a minimum, one drilling used in equipment decontamination one field blank for each event, each source of water and fluid sample per event must be collected and analyzed for the same parameters as the related samples. Information regarding the type and source of other well construction material (i.e., filter pack, grout, bentonite, etc.) must be recorded in the field logbook. Two field blanks (ambient condition blanks) will be prepared at the commencement of each sampling event. The field blanks will be prepared by pouring organic-free water brought to the field in sealed containers (used for decontamination purposes) :into one set of sample bottles and deionized water directly into an additional set of sample bottles. o Field Duplicates Field duplicates for soil samples are collected, homogenized, and split. All samples except VOAs are homogenized and split. Volatiles are not mixed, but select segments of soil are taken from the length of the core and placed in 40-ml. glass vials. duplicates for water samples should be collected simultaneously. The The water samples will not be composited. Field duplicates will be collected at a frequency of 10 percent. l Matrix Spike/Matrix Spike Duplicates (MWMSD) MSLMSDs are not field sampling activities, they are laboratory derived. MS/MSD samples are collected to evaluate the matrix effect of the sample upon the analytical methodology. A matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate performed for each group of samples of a similar matrix. MS/MSD samples will be collected at a frequency of 5 percent. 3-15 must be 4.0 SAMPLE DESIGNATION All samples collected during this investigation, including &AI&C samples, will be designated with a unique number. The number will serve to identify the investigation, within the site, the area the site, the sample media, sampling location, the depth (soil) or round (groundwater) of sample, and QA/QC qualifiers. The sample designation format is as follows: Site # - Media - Location - Depth/Round <&A/Q0 An explanation of each of these identifiers is given below. Site # This investigation Media SB GW MW= EMW SW SD WT = = includes Site 35. Soil Boring (soil sample from a boring) Groundwater Groundwater Groundwater Surface Water Sediment Waste = = = = Location The location numbers identify the sampling location. This would include station number for soil location or monitoring well numlber for groundwater. Each grid station will be identified with a unique identification number. Depth/Round Depth indicators will be used for soil samples. The number will refer to the depth of the top of the sampled interval. For example: 00 = top of sample at ground surface 01 = top of sample is 1 foot below surface 07 = top of sample is 7 feet below surface Round indicator will be used for groundwater samples (round one and round two). For example: QNQC - (FBI 03 (TB) (ER) = = = = Field Blank Duplicate Sample TripBlank Equipment Rinsate 4-l d----, Under this sample designation format the sample number 35-GW3-OlD refers to: g-GW-3-OlD Site 35 35-GJ-3-OlD Groundwater sample 35-GW-&OlD Monitoring 35GW-3-OLD Round 1 35-GW-3-OlD Duplicate (QA/QC) sample well #3 This sample designation format will be followed throughout the project. Required deviations to this format in response to field conditions will be documented. 4-2 5.0 INVESTIGATIVE The investigative procedures to be used for Operable Unit (OU) No. 10 (Site 35) will discussed in the following installation PROCEDURES sections. This includes: soil sample collection, monitoring (both shallow and deep), staff gauge installation, procedures, surveying, handling of site investigation water level measurements. Branch Standard (ECBSOPQAM), February American sample collection, generated wastes, and Note that all of these procedures will follow the field methods described in the USEPA, Region IV, Environmental Compliance well groundwater sample collection, surface water sample collection, sediment sample collection, fish/benthic decontamination be Operating Procedures 1, 1991. Additional Society for Testing Materials Services Division (ESDI, Environmental and Qualitv Assurance Manual guidance from other sources such :as the (ASTM) may be used, but if the ASTM and ESD methods are in conflict, the ESD procedure will be used. 5.1 Soil Sample Collection Surface and subsurface soil samples will be collected throughout OU No. 10. The majority of the soil samples will be collected from borings advanced by a drilling installation rig and during the of monitoring wells. Soil samples may also be collected from borings advanced by hand auger or power auger. 5.1.1 Soil Borings Advanced by Hand Auger Hand augering is the most common manual method used to collect subsurface samples. Typically, 4-inch diameter bucket augers with cutting heads are pushed and twisted into the ground and removed as the buckets are filled. time. The practical depth of investigation sampled. In this investigation, The auger holes are advanced one bucket at a using a hand auger is related to the material being hand augers will be used to collect discrete grab samples of soil from the 0 to la-inch intervals. The bucket auger will be decontaminated between samples as outlined in Section 5.7. 5.1.2 Soil Borings and Monitoring WeII Boreholes Soil samples from soil borings advanced by a drilling rig will be collected using a split-spoon sampler. A split-spoon sampler is a steel tube, split in half lengthwise, with the halves held 5-l together by threaded collars at either end of the tube. unconsolidated materials This device can be driven using a drive weight connected to the drilling split-spoon sampler (used for performing Standard Penetration rig. into A standard Tests) is two inches outer diameter (O.D.) and l-3/8 inches inner diameter (I.D.). This standard spoon is available in two common lengths providing either 20-inch or 26-inch internal obtaining M-inch or 24-inch long samples, respectively. longitudinal clearance for Split spoons capable of obtaining 24- inch long samples will be utilized during this investigation. Split-spoon samples will be collected continuously water table in each soil boring. wells (monitoring from the ground surface to the ground Soil borings that will be converted into shallow monitoring well boreholes) will be advanced to the desired depth past the water table. The physical characteristics of the samples will be described by the site geologist. The soil in the sampler will be classified according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). Soil sample descriptions will be recorded in the field geologist’s notebook. Selected split-spoon samples will be submitted to the laboratory for analysis. In generai, soil samples will be collected at a-foot intervals to the top of the water table. Surface soil samples will not be collected using a split-spoon sampler because a suffmient quantity of sample cannot be retained from 0 to 6 inches using this sampling device. Hence, surface samples will be collected using a stainless-steel spoon, hand auger, or by advancing the augers and retaining the cuttings. For borings only, split-spoon samples will be collected from approximately foot bgs to the top of the water table; for borings advanced for monitoring one well installation, split spoon samples will be collected from ground surface (no surface samples will be collected) to the bottom of the borehole. The following procedures for collecting soil samples in split-spoons will be used: 1. The surface sample will be collected by driving the split-spoon with blows from a 140-pound hammer falling 30 inches in accordance with ASTM D1586-84, Standard Penetration Test. Only the top 6 inches will be submitted to the laboratory for analyses. 2. Advance the borehole to the desired depth using techniques. hollow stem auger d.rilling The split-spoon will be lowered into the borehole inside the hollow stem auger (this will ensure that undisturbed material will be sampled). 5-2 3. Drive the split-spoon using procedures outlined in 1 above. 4. Repeat this operation until the borehole has been advanced to the selected depth. 5. Record in the field logbook the number of blows required to effect each six inches of penetration or fraction thereof. The first six inches is considered to be a seating drive. The sum of the number of blows required for the second and third six inches of penetration is termed the penetration resistance, N. If the sampler is driven less than 18 inches, the penetration resistance is that for the last one foot of penetration. (If less than one foot is penetrated, the logs shall state the number of blows and the fraction of one foot penetrated.) In cases where samples are driven 24 inches, the sum of second and third 6-inch increments will be used to calculate the penetration (Refusal of the SPT will be noted as 50 blows over an interval resistance. equal to or less than 6 inches; the interval driven will be noted with the blow count.) 6. Bring the sampler to the surface and remove both ends and one half of the split,-spoon such that the soil recovered rests in the remaining /,-h‘. recovery (length), composition, structure, half of the barrel. Describe the consistency, color, condition, etc., of the recovered soil; then put into sample jars. Record the level of volatile emissions of each sample via PID or OVA in the field logbook. 7. Split-spoon samplers shall be decontaminated after each use and prior to the initial use at a site according to procedures outlined in Section 5.6. The following procedures are to be used for soil samples submitted to the laboratory: 1. After sample collection, remove the soil from the split-spoon sampler. Prior to filling laboratory containers, the soil sample should be mixed thoroughly ensure that the sample is as representative samples for volatile as possible to as possible of the sample interval. organic compounds should & be mixed. Further, Soil sample containers for volatile organic compounds analyses should be filled completely without head space remaining in the container to minimize volatilization. 2. Record all pertinent sampling information ,/+--.. such as soil description, sample depth, PID or OVA reading, sample number, sample location, and time of sample collection in the 5-3 field logbook. In addition, label, tag, and number the sample bottle(s) as outlined in Section 6.0. 3. Pack the samples for shipping. Attach seal to the shipping package. Chain-of-Custody Forms and Sample Request Forms will be properly filled out and enclosed or attached (Section 6.0). 4. Decontaminate the split-spoon sample as described in Section 5.6. Replace disposable latex gloves between sample stations to prevent cross-contamination 5.2 Monitoring Well Installation 5.2.1 Well Installation Shallow and deep monitoring of samples, and Well Development wells will be installed to monitor the water-bearing zones located above and below a previously identified clay encountered 35 to 40 feet bgs. Shallow wells will be installed in two-well clusters that include a groundwater surface well with a lofoot long well screen set to span the interval from two feet above the groundwater surface to eight below the groundwater surface and a deeper well with a five-foot long well screen set just above the underlying clay layer. The deep wells will be drilled shallow wells to provide stratigraphic underlying data regarding and installed the location before the and thickness of the clay layer. The deep wells will be constructed with five-foot long well screens, the tops of which will be set immediately below the base of the clay layer. Procedures for the installation and construction of shallow, groundwater surface monitoring wells are presented below: l Activity personnel will approve all monitoring free of underground or overhead utility l well locations. These locations will be lines. A borehole will be advanced by a drilling rig using hollow stem augers. Initially, the boreholes will be advanced with 3-l/4 inch I.D. augers. After the borehole has been advanced to its final depth, the borehole will be over-drilled with 10-l/4 augers (for well installation only). 5-4 inch I.D. l Soil (split spoon) samples will be collected continuously during borehole advancement. Samples will be collected according to the procedures outlined in Section 5.1.2. l Upon completion of the borehole to the desired depth, monitoring well construction materials will be installed (inside the hollow stem augers). l PVC is the material selected for monitoring well construction. basis of its low cost, ease of use and flexibility. EPA Region IV requires justification using PVC. Appendix A is a project-specific justification existing groundwater quality information) It was selected on the of for use of PVC (based on presented in the EPA Region IV required format. l Ten feet of 2-inch I.D., Schedule 40, #lO slot (0.010~inch) screen with a bottom cap. The top of the well screen will be connected to a threaded, flush-joint, PVC riser. The screen will extend two to three above the seasonal high static groundwater surface. The riser will extend to approximately l table six inches below the ground surface. The annular space around the screen will be backfilled with a well-graded medium to coarse sand (No. 1 or No. 2 Silica Sand) as the hollow-stem withdrawn augers are being from the borehole. Sand shall be placed from the bottom of the boring to approximately two feet above the top of the screened interval. A lesser distance above the top of the screened interval may be packed with sand if the well is very shallow to allow for placement of sealing materials. l A sodium bentonite seal at least 24-inch thick, unless shallow groundwater consditions are encountered, will be placed above the sand pack. The bentonite shall be allowed to hydrate for at least 2 hours before further completion of the well. l The depth intervals of all backfill materials shall be measured with a weighted measuring tape to the nearest 0.1 foot and recorded in the field logbook. l The monitoring wells will be completed at the surface. The aboveground section of the PVC riser pipe will be protected by installation of a 4-inch diameter, 5-foot long steel casing (with locking cap and lock) into the cement grout. The bottom of the surface casing will be placed at a minimum ground surface, as space permits. of 2-l/2, but not more than 3-l/2 feet below the For very shallow wells, a steel casing of less than 5-5 5 feet in length may be used, as space permits. The protective steel casing shlall not fully penetrate the bentonite seal. a The top of each well will be protected with the installation of four, 3-inch diameter, &foot long steel pipes which will be installed around the outside of the concrete apron. The steel pipes shall be embedded to a minimum depth of 2.5 feet in 3,000 psi concrete. Each pipe shall also be filled with concrete. A concrete pad shall be placed at th.e same time the pipes are installed. The pad will be a minimum of 4-feet by 4-feet by 6-inches, extending two feet below the ground surface in the annular space and set two inches into the ground elsewhere. The protective casing and steel pipes will be painted with day-glo yellow paint, or equivalent. l If necessary, in high-traffic areas, the monitoring well shall be completed at the surface using a “flush’ man-hole type cover. If the well is installed through a paved or concrete surface, the annular space shall be grouted to a depth of at least 2.5feet and the well shall be finished with a concrete collar. If the well has not been in.stalled through a paved or concrete surface, the well shall be completed by construction concrete pad, a minimum of a of 4-feet by g-inches, extending two feet below the ground surface in the annular space and set two inches into the ground elsewhere. If water table conditions prevent having a 24-inch bentonite seal and the concrete pad as specified, the concrete pad depth should be decreased. Two weep holes will be drilled into opposite sides of the protective casing just above the concrete pad. The concrete shall be crowned to meet the finished grade of the surrounding pavement, as relquired. If appropriate, the vault around the buried wellhead will have a water drain to the surrounding soil and a watertight l cover. All wells will have a locking cap connected to the protective casing. Each well will be tagged which will contain general well construction information and marked as “Test Well - Not For Consumptive Use.” Figure 5-1 is a typical above grade shallow (Type I) groundwater monitoring well. Procedures for the installation and construction of shallow monitoring wells with screens set below the groundwater surface and above the confining clay layer are presented below: 5-6 r PROTECTIVE STEEL SLEEVE WITH LOCKING CAP 160525WP CONCRETE PAD 3 PROTECTIVE STEEL BOLLARDS (TYP.) rlu, GROUND SURFACE 7 CEMENT/BENTONITE GROUT THREADED PVC CASING BENTONITE PELLET SEAL ..:: . . .’ ,.; ‘. .. . : f,. .._ ., 1.. .i ., . ,: .! :\: THREADED PVC WELL SCREEN-W/O.01 IN. SLOT FILTER SAND PACK - ,. ?:, ,,. _ \ ,:...: .‘. _ <::: __ .;‘.:.,~(‘ - :1.... . /THREADED PVC..WELL BOTTOM OF BOREHOLE TYPICAL FIGURE 5- 1 ABOVE GRADE SHALLOW (TYPE I) GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL CONSTRUCTION DIAGRAM SITE 35 MARINE CORPS BASE, CAMP LEJEUNE NORTH CAROLINA 5-7 IPLUG Activity l personnel will approve all monitoring well locations. These locations will be installed free of underground or overhead utility A borehole will be advanced initially l lines. using hollow stem augers to just below the water table (so that samples can be collected for laboratory analysis). The augers, will be nominal 3/4-inch I.D. Continuous 2-foot split-spoon samples will be collected while the borehole is advanced. Samples will be collected according to the procedures outlined in Section 5.1.2. After advancing the borehole to the desired depth, the borehole will be overdrilled with 6-l/4 inch I.D. augers, prior to well installation. Split-spoon samples will be collected continuously during borehole advancement until l the underlying layer is encountered. The expected depth of the underlying will be based primarily on data obtained from previous investigations clay layer and the well logs for deep wells GWD-1 through GWD-5 which will have already been completed. Samples will be collected according to the procedures outlined in Section 5.1.2. l ,,---_ PVC is the material selected for monitoring well construction. basis of its low cost, ease of use and flexibility. EPA Region IV requires justification using PVC. Appendix A is a projected-specific justification existing groundwater quality information) It was selected on the of for use of PVC (based on presented in the EPA Region IV required format. l Five feet of 2-inch I.D., Schedule 40, # 10 slot (0.010 inch) screen with a bottom cap will be installed. the underlying l The base of the well screen will be set immediately above the top of clay layer. The annular space around the screen will be backfilled with a well-graded medium to coarse sand as (No. 1 or No. 2 silica sand) as the hollow-stem augers are being withdrawn from the borehole. Sand shall be placed from the bottom of the b’oring to approximately two feet above the top of the screened interval. A lesser distance above the top of the screened interval may be packed with sand if the well is very shallow to allow for placement of sealing materials. Monitoring wells greater than 50 feet deep shall have the sand pack installed via tremie method. l A sodium bentonite seal (typically bentonite pellets) at least 24-inch thick, unless shallow groundwater conditions are encountered, will be placed above the sand pack. 5-8 The bentonite shall be allowed to hydrate for at least 2 hours before further completion of the well. l The annular space above the bentonite seal will be backfilled with a cement-bentonite grout consisting of either two parts sand per one part of cement and water, or three to four percent bentonite powder (by dry weight) and seven gallons of potable water per 94 pound bag of portland cement. The bentonite seal shall be installed using a .tremie pipe, if applicable depths are anticipated (i.e., greater than 25 feet). a The depth intervals of all backfill materials shall be measured with a weighted measuring tape to the nearest 0.1 foot and recorded in the field logbook. l The monitoring wells will be completed at the surface. The aboveground section of the PVC riser pipe will be protected by installation of a 4-inch diameter, 5-foot long steel casing (with locking cap and lock) into the cement grout. The bottom of the surface casing will be placed at a minimum of 2-l/2, but not more than 3-l/2 feet below the ground surface, as space permits. For very shallow wells, a steel casing of less than 5 feet in length may be used, as space permits. The protective steel casing shall not fully penetrate the bentonite seal. l The top of each well will be protected with the installation 5 foot long steel pipes which will be installed of four, 3-inch diameter, around the concrete apron. The steel pipes shall be embedded to a minimum depth of 2.5 feet in 3,000 psi concrete. Each pipe shall also be filled with concrete. A concrete pad shall be placed at the same time the pipes are installed. The pad will be a minimum of 4-feet by 4-feet by 6-inches, extending two feet below the ground surface in the annular space and set two inches into the ground elsewhere. The finished pad shall be sloped so that the drainage will flow away from the protective casing and off the pad. The protective casing and steel pipes will be painted with day-glo yellow paint, or equivalent. l If necessary, in high-traffic areas, the monitoring well shall be completed at the surface using a “flush” man-hole type cover. If the well is installed through a paved or concrete surface, the annular space shall be grouted to a depth of at least 2.5 feet and the well shall be finished with a concrete collar. If the well has not been irrstalled through a paved or concrete surface, the well shall be completed by construction of a concrete pad, a minimum of 4-feet by 6-inches, extending two feet below the ground 5-9 surface in the annular space and set two inches into the ground elsewhere. If water table conditions prevent having a 24-inch bentonite seal and the concrete pad as specified, the concrete pad depth should be decreased. Two weep holes will be (drilled into opposite sides of the protective casing just above the concrete pad. The coincrete shall be crowned to meet the finished grade of the surrounding pavement, as required. If appropriate, the vault around the buried wellhead will have a water drain to the surrounding soil and a watertight l cover. All wells will have a locking cap connected to the protective casing. Each well will be tagged which will contain general well construction information and marked as “Test Well - Not for Consumptive Use.” Figure 5-2 is a typical above grade shallow (Type II) groundwater monitoring well construction diagram. Procedures for the installation and construction of deep wells are presented below. In general, the borehole will be advanced and samples collected as described above. Additionally, well materials are the same as those described above. l If a clay layer (i.e., layer which exhibits a low enough hydraulic may impede the vertical migration advancement, split-spoon of contamination) conductivity which is encountered during borehole samples will be collected at continuous intervals to determine the thickness of the layer. l If the clay layer is determined to have low enough hydraulic conductivity (based on visual observations) and is at least two feet thick, then the well will be completed as a deep well (also commonly referred to as a double-cased well). a Once it is determined that the clay layer meets the criteria mentioned above, the clay will be cased-off. Eight-inch steel casing will be installed at least one foot into the clay layer. The casing will then be grouted in place. The grout shall consist of a cementbentonite mixture consisting of either two parts sand per one part of cement and water, or three to four percent bentonite powder (by dry weight) and seven gallons of potable water per 94 pound bag of portland cement. 5-10 r PROTECTIVE SLEEVE WITH LOCKING CAP 160523SP CONCRETE PAD 4 PROTECTIVE STEEL BOLLARDS (TYP.) GROUND SURFACE CEMENT/BENTONITE GROUT GROU$?EyATER---, BENTONITE SEAL -THREADED CASING -A PELLET PVC v -- THREADED PVC WELL SCREEN-W/O.01 IN. SLOT FILTER SAND PACK BOTTOM OF \ BORE:HOl-E .I ..‘-. .’..‘..... . .. “,.\ . : .,: -;,;... : “., ;:: :, t 2, ,;,.::. .. ; .. ; ..,.” .’ ., ...*I,. .:.i......4. *,i” ..: ... . r THREADED PVC WELL PLUG CLAY LAYER N. T. S. TYPICAL Baker Envirornmtal, ko. FIGURE 5-2 ABOVE GRADE SHALLOW (TYPE II) GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL CONSTRUCTION DIAGRAM SITE 35 MARINE CORPS BASE, CAMP LEJEUNE NORTH CAROLINA 5-11 l The grout will be allowed to set-up for a minimum of 24-hours before the borehole is further advanced. l Upon completion of the borehole to the desired depth, monitoring well construction materials will be installed as described above. Figure 5-3 is a typical above grade deep monitoring well construction diagram. All monitoring wells will be developed as specified in the ECBSOPQAM. The purposes of well development is to stabilize and increase the permeability screen, to restore the permeability drilling of the filter pack around the well of the formation which may have been reduced by the operations, and to remove fine-g-rained materials that may have entered the well or filter pack during installation. based on drilling The selection of the well development method typically methods, well construction and installation is details, and the characteristics of the formation. Well development shall not be initiated until a minimum of 48 hours has elapsed subsequent well completion. This time period will allow the cement grout to set. Shallow wells typically are developed using bailers or low-yield pumping in combination with surging using a surge block. Deep monitoring in combination wells are developed using compressed air (equipped with an air filter) with surging. Selection of a development device will be dependent on conditions encountered during monitoring well installation. All wells shall be developed until well water runs relatively clear of fine-grained Note that the water in some wells does not clear with continued development. materials. Typical limits placed on well development may include any one of the following: l Clarity of water based on visual determination l A maximum time period (typically one hour for shallow wells) l A maximum well volume (typically three to five well volumes) l Stability of specific conductance and temperature measurements (typically 10 percent change between three successive measurements) 5-12 less than WATERTIGHT LOCKABLE I CONCRETE PAD 160524SP 4 PROTECTIVE STEEL BOLLARDS (TYP.) GROUND SURFACE 7 r OUTER BOREHOLE WALL -_ SOIL GROUND WATERLEVEL OUTER THREADED PVC CASING THREADED PVC CEMENT/BENTONITE GROUT CLAY LAYER BENTONITE PELLET FILTER SAND PACK THREADED PVC WELL SCREEN-W/O.01 IN. SLOT PVC WELL PLIJG BOTTOM OF BOREHOLE h? T. S. FIGURE 5-3 TYPICAL ABOVE GRADE DEEP GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL CONSTRUCTION DIAGRAM SITE 35 MARINE CORPS BASE, CAMP LEJEUNE NORTH CAROLINA 5-13 BakerEnvironmental k Clarity based on turbidity l i--” measurements [typically less than 50 Net Turbidity Units (NTU)I A record of the well development shall be completed to document the development process, Usually, a minimum period of one to two weeks should elapse between the end of initial development and the first sampling This equilibration event for a well. groundwater unaffected by the installation of the well to occupy the vicinity period allows of the screened interval. 5.3 Groundwater Sample Collection Groundwater samples will be collected from existing and newly installed monitoring wells on site. The collection of a groundwater sample includes the following steps: i”-‘T” 1. First open the well cap and use volatile organic detection equipment (HNu or OVA) on the escaping gases at the well head to determine the need for respiratory protection. This task is usually performed by the Field Team Leader, Health and Safety Officer, or other designee. 2. When proper respiratory protection has been donned, sound the well for total depth and water level (decontaminated equipment) and record these data in the field logbook. Calculate the fluid volume in the well. 3. Lower purging equipment (bailer or submersible pump) into the well to a. short distance below the water level and begin water removal. temporarily Purged water will stored in DOT-approved 55-gallon drums. Final containment be of purged water is addressed in Section 5.9.1. 4. Measure the rate of discharge using a bucket and stopwatch. 5. Purge a minimum of three to five well volumes before sampling. In low permeability strata (i.e., if the well is pumped to dryness), one volume will suffice. Allow the well to 5-14 recharge as necessary, but preferably to 70 percent of the static water level, and then sample. 6. Record measurements of specific conductance, temperature, and pH during purging to ensure the groundwater stabilizes. Generally, these measurements are mad.e after three, four, and five well volumes. 7. Lower the closed top teflon bailer into the well, submerge into the groundwat,er, and retrieve. A teflon coated line (only the portion in contact with the water table) will be used for lowering the bailer. Pour groundwater from the bailer into the laboratory- supplied sample bottles. 8. Samples for VOC analysis will be collected first, followed by semivolatiles, pesticides, and metals. Sample bottles will be filled PCBs, in the same order for all monitoring wells. 9. Samples will be collected for total (unfiltered) and dissolved (filtered) metal analysis. Samples collected for dissolved metals analysis will be filtered in the field prior to being submitted for analysis. Filtering will be conducted using a 45-micron filter. Sample preservation handling procedures are outlined in Section 6.0. 5.4 Surface Water Sample Collection The following procedures will be used for the collection of surface water samples at stations located on site. At each station, samples will be collected at the approximate mid-vertical point or near the bank of the surface water body. Care will be taken to ensure that the sampler does not contact and/or stir up the sediments, while still being relatively close to the sediment-water interface. The surface water samples will be collected by dipping the laboratory-supplied directly into the water. Clean PVC gloves will be worn by sampling sample bottles personnel at each sampling station. For those sample bottles that contain preservative (e.g., sulfuric acid), the water will be collected in a clean, decontaminated transferred into the appropriate laboratory-supplied 5-15 sampling container, sample bottle. and then slowly The water samples will be collected from near mid-stream at each station. Water samples at the furthest downstream station will be collected first, with subsequent samples taken at the next upstream station(s). Sediment samples will be collected after the water samples to minimize sediment disturbance and suspension. All sample containers not containing preservative will be rinsed at least once with the sample water prior to final sample collection. In addition, the sampling container used to transfer the water into sample bottles containing preservatives will be rinsed once with sample water. Care will be taken when collecting samples for analysis of volatile organics compounds8(VOCs) to avoid excessive agitation that could result in loss of VOCs. VOC samples will be collected prior to the collection of the samples for analysis of the other parameters. Sample bottles (40 milliliter septum vials with screw-on caps with teflon-silicon disks) will be tilled in the same order at all sampling stations. The sample bottles will be filled by pouring down the si.de until the container is completely filled leaving no head space. Each filled bottle will be checked for bubbles and rejected if encountered. Temperature, pH, specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen of the surface water will be measured in the field at each sampling location (at each sampling depth), immediately following sample collection. The sampling location will be marked by placing a wooden stake and bright colored flagging at the nearest bank or shore. The sampling location will be marked with indelible ink on the stake. In addition, the distance from the shore and the approximate location will be estimated using triangulation methods, and recorded and sketched in the field log book. If permission is granted, photographs will be taken to document the physical and biological characteristics the sampling location. The following information will be recorded in the field logbook: l Project location, date and time a Weather l Sample location, number, and identification l Flow conditions (i.e., high, low, in flood, etc.) 0 On site water quality measurements l Visual description of water (i.e., clear, cloudy, muddy, etc.) 5-16 number of Sketch of sampling location including l boundaries of the water body, sample location (and depth), relative position with respect to the site, location of wood identifier a Names of sampling personnel l Sampling technique, procedure, and equipment used stake Sample preservation and handling procedures are outlined in Section 6.0. 5.5 Sediment Sample Collection The following procedures will be used for the collection of sediment samples at stations located on site. At each station, surface and near surface sediment samples will be collected at :adepth of O-6 inches, and 6-12 inches. These intervals of sediment will be collected using a stainless steel hand-held coring instrument. A new or decontaminated stainless steel liner tube, fitted with an eggshell catcher to prevent sample loss, will be used at each station. The coring device will be pushed into the sediments to a minimum depth of fifteen inches, or until refusal, whichever is encountered first. The sediments in the 0 to g-inch interval and 6 to la-inch interval will be extruded with a decontaminated extruder into the appropriate sample containers. If less than twelve inches of sediments are obtained, the first six inches will be placed in the 0 to g-inch container, and the remaining sediment will be placed into the 6 to 12-inch container. The sampling procedures for using the hand-held coring instrument are outlined below: 1. Inspect and prepare the corer: a. Inspect the core tube and, if one is being used, the core liner. liner must be firmly in place, free of obstruction throughout Core tube a:nd core its length. IBottom edge of core tube, or of the nose piece, should be sharp and free of nicks or de:nts. b. Check the flutter valve for ease of movement. c. Check the flutter valve seat to make sure it is clear of any obstruction tha.t could prevent a tight closure. 5-17 d. Attach a line securely to the core sampler. The line should be free of any frayed or worn sections, and sufficiently long to reach bottom. 2. Get in position for the sampling operation -- keeping in mind that, if the purpose is to obtain samples containing fauna or stratified sediments, disturbance of the bottom area to be sampled should be avoided. 3. Line up the sampler, aiming it vertically for the point where the sample is to be taken. 4. Push the core sampler, in a smooth and continuous movement, through the water and into the sediments -- increasing the thrust as necessary to obtain the penet,ration desired. 5. If the corer has not been completely submerged, close the flutter valve by hand and press it shut while the sample is retrieved. Warning: the flutter valve must be kept very wet if it is to seal properly. 6. Lift the core sampler clear of the water, keeping it as nearly vertical as possible, and handle the sample according to the type of core tube. 7. Secure and identify the new sample. Unscrew the nose cone. Pull the liner out. Push out any extra sediments (greater than 12 inches). Push out the sediments within the 6 to 12 inch interval and place it in a sample jar. Push out the 0 to 6 inch sediment interval into another sample jar. 8. Seal all sample jars tightly. 9. Label all samples. 5.6 Biological and Fish Sample Collection 5.6.1 Biological Sample Collection Biological samples collected at the stations will consist of fish and benthic macroinverte’brates. Prior to initiating the sampling event, the following sampling area description infor:mation will be recorded at each station: 5-18 l Project location, date and time l Tide (low vs. high) l Weather l Sample location, number, and identification l Flow conditions (i.e., high, low, in flood, etc.) 0 On site water quality measurements l Visual description of water (i.e., clear, cloudy, muddy, etc.) a Sketch of sampling location including number boundaries of the water body, sample location (and depth), relative position with respect to the site, location of wood identifier l Names of sampling personnel l Sampling technique, procedure, and equipment used l Average width, depth and velocity of the water body l Description of substrate l Descriptions of other “abiotic” characteristics stake of the reach such as pools, riffles, runs, channel shape, degree of bank erosion, and shade/sun exposure l Description of biotic community (i.e., flora, fauna, etc.) l Description of other “biotic” characteristics of the reach including aquatic and riparian vegetation and wetlands After the habitat review is complete, the field team leader will define and locate the stations for biological sampling. Every attempt will be made to define stations to exclude atypical 5-19 habitats such as bridges and mouths of tributaries. In addition, upstream and downstream locations will be selected to be as ecologically similar as possible in their biotic and abiotic characteristics. Field water quality measurements will be conducted at each station, prior to collection of the samples. These measurements conductivity instructions temperature, All instruments and salinity. manufacturers’ include pH, dissolved will be calibrated prior to conducting oxygen, specific in accordance with the measurements. the All measurelments, including the calibration procedures, will be recorded on field data sheets. 5.6.1.1 Benthic Macroinvertebrate Benthic macroinvertebrates Sample Collection will be collected at each station using a Standard Ponar Grab Sampler. Each station will consist of three replicate samples with one grab per replicate. After the sediments are collected, the contents of the sample will be placed into a small1 tub. The sediments in the tub will be transferred to a No. 35 sieve (0.500 mm) and washed with water to remove small sediment particles. transferred into sample jars. The remaining Approximately contents in the sieve vvill be half of the sample jar will be filled with the sample, and 10 percent (by weight) buffered formalin will be added to fill the remainder of the jar. A 100 percent cotton paper label will be placed inside the jar, identifying the station location and replicate number. The label will be marked with a pencil. The outside of the jar will be labeled using a black permanent marker with the station location and sample number. All the sample jars will be stored in large plastic tubs until transfer to Baker Ecological Services Laboratory in Coraopolis, Pennsylvania. 5.6.1.2 Processing of Macroinvertebrate Samples The samples will be returned to the Baker Ecological Services Laboratory for final processing. The samples will be rewashed using a No. 35 sieve (0.500 mm), to remove any remaining fine sediments, and the remaining portion of the sample will be transferred back into the sample jar containing fresh 90 percent ethanol. The sediment sample will be sorted under a dissecting microscope. Using a pair of forceps all the remaining containing organisms will 90 percent ethanol. be removed from the sample and placed into glass vials After all the organisms in a given sample are sorted, 100 5-20 percent cotton paper labels will be placed inside the vials and/or jars, identifying The labels will be marked with a pencil. location and replicate number. sealed with cotton, and placed into a sample jar containing the station The vials will be 90 percent ethanol. The date, sorting time, and the name of the person who sorted the sample will be recorded on a log sheet. The same sorting procedures outlined above will be repeated as a QA/QC measure, with any additional species identified, being placed into their respective vials. An environmental scientist will perform this QA/QC measure. Fifty percent of the sample will be resorted. more than five percent of the individuals are missed during the initial sorting, then the rest of the sample will be resorted. If less than five percent of the individuals initial If are missed during the sorting, then the rest of the sample will not be resorted. Any changes to this procedure will be approved by the project manager. The number of additional individuals sample will be recorded. The date, sorting time, number of additional found in the individuals fou.nd and the percent of the sample that was QA/QCed will be recorded on a log sheet. All collected individuals will be sent to the appropriate laboratory for taxonomic identification. 5.6.1.3 Analysis of Macroinvertebrates Results of the benthic macroinvertebrate collection will be used to prepare the following descriptive statistics on a station-by-station basis: (1) a list of taxa collected; (2) a table of numbers of each taxa collected by replicate; and (3) relative pollution tolerance of the species. The benthic macroinvertebrate expression of community they condense a substantial communities will structure (i.e., diversity be examined index). Diversity using a mathematical data are useful because amount of laboratory data into a single value. Separate values of the diversity index will be computed for sampling areas within the upstream, downstream and adjacent reaches. Analysis of the species diversity will be used to compare the community structure between the stations as well as evaluate the impact that the contaminants from the site may be having on the aquatic community. The species collected during biological community relevance, the aquatic and pollution may be indicated macroinvertebrate surveys will be evaluated tolerance. by the Biological absence species such as Ephemeroptera, dominance by any one particular to determine impairment of generally Plecoptera, their of the benthic pollution-sensitive and Trichoptera; excess taxon; low overall taxa richness; or appreciable shifts in community composition relative to the reference condition. 5-21 In addition, a Macroinvertebrate Biotic Index, based on North Carolina Biotic Index of benthic macroinvertebrates, will lbe used to assess stream quality, as appropriate. 5.6.2 Fish Collection Fish will be collected at the designated electrofishing, stations using a combination seining, gill nets, and/or other fish collecting of the following: techniques. The following paragraphs discuss the procedures that will be used for collecting the fish. The fish sampled via electroshocking will be collected using either a boat-mounted Smith- Root, Inc. electrofisher powered by a 5,000-watt portable generator, or a Smith-Root, Inc. backpack electrofisher. The boat-mounted unit will be utilized for deeper waters, whdle the backpack unit will be utilized in shallow waters. Stunned fish will be collected with one-inch mesh or smaller dip nets handled by members of the field sampling team. The length of shocking time per subsection will be recorded as seconds of applied current. At each station where haul seines are utilized, a minimum of two haul seines will be conducted. The haul seine will be deployed with one person securing the seine on the shore and another person walking out in a loop. The bottom of the net will be kept in contact with the sediment to prevent fish from swimming under the net. Other field personnel will. aid in removing snags from the net and preventing fish from jumping over the net. When the person deploying the net arrives back at shore, the net will be pulled in, making sure the bottom of the net remains in the sediment. After the bag in the middle of the seine reaches the shore, the bag will be lifted and the fish will be carefully transferred into plastic tubs filled with water. Gill nets also may be used to collect fish. The nets will be deployed either in the evening or the morning and they will be checked for fish within twelve hours after being deployed. After each fish collection event, the fish will be placed into plastic tubs tilled with water. Aerators will be placed into the tubs and the water in the tubs will be replaced periodically often to minimize fish mortality. The collected fish will be separated into different species, and then measured and counted. The small fish (less than 20 mm) will be weighed in groups of 10 or 20 because of their low individual The proportion of individuals weight; the larger fish will be weighed individually. as hybrids and the proportion of individuals tumors, fin damage, and skeletal anomalies will be recorded at each station. 5-22 with disease, Most of the fish species will be processed in the field and returned Specimens that present taxonomic difficulties, or are too numerous to the water body. for effective field processing, will be preserved in 10 percent formalin and transported to the Baker Ecological Services Laboratory for taxonomic work. At a minimum, one representative fuh from each species will be preserved in 10 percent formalin as a voucher specimen. Three different species will be collected at each station for the tissue analysis (whole-body and fillet). An attempt will be made to collect ten individuals each species being a representative of a different trophic level, if possible. The following are the desired trophic levels for collection: top carnivores, forage fish, and bottom feeders. However, based on Baker’s experience from previous sampling variability from three different species, with sampling at MCB Camp Lejeune, may prevent the same species of fish from being sampled at each station, because either the preferred species will not be captured, or adequate numbers of uniform-size individuals will not be captured. Therefore, if the preferred species are not successfully collected to satisfy the above requirements, a substitute species will be collected that, if possible, exhibited a similar trophic position in the ecosystem. Specimens submitted to the laboratory for chemical analysis will be placed into sealed plastic bags. A lOOpercent cotton label will be placed inside the bag, identifying the station number. A pencil will be used to mark the label. The outside of the bag also will be labeled with the station number using a black permanent marker. The bags will then be placed on ice in coolers. 5.6.2.1 Analysis of Fish Species At each station, fish will be collected for population statistics and tissue analysis. All fish will be weighed to the nearest gram and measured to the nearest tenth of a centimeter. Thte total length of the fish will be measured (i.e., the distance in a straight line from the anterior-most projecting part of the head to the farthest tip of the caudal fin when its rays are squeezed together). Results of the fish collection effort will be used to prepare the following descriptive statistics on a station by station basis: 1) a list of fishes collected, 2) a table of numbers of each ispecies collected by station (including hybrid and pathology statistics), 3) a table of fish population 5-23 estimates in numbers per unit effort, and 4) a table of fish biomass estimates in weight per unit effort. The fish will be processed (e.g., filleted, chemical analyses. homogenized) by the laboratory If the time between sampling and preparation will conducting the be longer than 48 hours, the fish will be frozen. At least ten individuals from each species, if available, will be cornposited and analyzed for whole body burdens of chemicals. In addition, fillets of at least ten individuals, if available, from each edible species will be cornposited and analyzed for chemical constituents. adequate individuals If from each species are not collected for both whole-body analysis and fillet analysis, only the fillets will be analyzed. Decontamination 5.7 Procedures Equipment and materials utilized during this investigation that will require decontamination fall into two broad categories: Field measurement and sampling equipment: l water level meters, bailers, split-spoon samplers, hand auger buckets, stainless-steel spoons, etc. l 5.7.1 5.7.1.1 Large machinery and equipment: drilling rigs and drilling Field Measurement Sampling equipment, backhoes, etc. Equipment Cleaning Procedures for [email protected] or Glass Field Sampling Equipment used for the Collection of Samples for Trace Organic Compounds and/or Metals Analvses 1. Equipment will be washed thoroughly with laboratory detergent and hot water using a brush to remove any particulate matter or surface film. 2. The equipment will be rinsed thoroughly with hot tap water. 3. Rinse equipment with at least a 10 percent nitric acid solution. 4. Rinse equipment thoroughly with deionized water. 5-24 6. Rinse equipment twice with solvent and allow to air dry for at least 24 hours. 7. Wrap equipment in one layer of aluminum foil. Roll edges of foil into a “tab” to allow for easy removal. Seal the foil wrapped equipment in plastic and date. 8. Rinse the [email protected] or glass sampling equipment thoroughly with tap water in the field as soon as possible after use. When this sampling equipment is used to collect samples that contain oil, grease, or other hard to remove materials, it may be necessary to rinse the equipment several times with pesticide-grade acetone or hexane to remove the materials before proceeding with Step 1. In extreme cases, it may be necessary to steam clean the field equipment before proceeding with Step 1. If the field equipment cannot be cleaned utilizing these procedures, it should be discarded. Small and awkward equipment such as vacuum bottle inserts and well bailers may be soaked in the nitric acid solution instead of being rinsed with it. Fresh nitric acid solution should be prepared for each cleaning session. 5.7.1.2 Cleaning Procedures for Stainless Steel or Metal Sampling Equipment u.sed for the Collection of Samples for Trace Organic Compounds and/or Metals Analgses 1. Wash equipment thoroughly with laboratory detergent and hot water using a brush to remove any particulate matter or surface film. 2. Rinse equipment thoroughly with hot tap water. 3. Rinse equipment thoroughly with deionized water. 4. Rinse equipment twice with solvent and allow to air dry for at least 24 hours. 5. Wrap equipment in one layer of aluminum foil. Roll edges of foil into a “tab” to allow for easy removal. Seal the foil wrapped equipment in plastic and date. 5-25 6. Rinse the stainless steel or metal sampling equipment thoroughly with tap water in the field as soon as possible after use. When this sampling equipment is used to collect samples that contain oil, grease, hard to remove materials, 01: other it may be necessary to rinse the equipment several times with pesticide-grade acetone or hexane to remove the materials before proceeding with Step 1. In extreme cases, when equipment is painted, badly rusted, or coated with materials that are difficult to remove, it may be necessary to steam clean, wire brush, or sandblast equipment before proceeding with Step 1. Any metal sampling equipment that cannot be cleaned1using these procedures should be discarded. 5.7.1.3 Reusable Glass Composite Sample Containers 1. Wash containers thoroughly with hot tap water and laboratory bottle brush to remove particulate 2. Rinse containers thoroughly detergent, using a matter and surface film. with hot tap water. 3. Rinse containers with at least 10 percent nitric acid. 4. Rinse containers thoroughly with tap water. 5. Rinse containers thoroughly with deionized water. 6. Rinse twice with solvent and allow to air dry for at least 24 hours. 7. Cap with aluminum foil or [email protected] film. 8. After using, rinse with tap water in the field, seal with aluminum foil to keep the interior of the container wet, and return to the laboratory. When these containers are used to collect samples that contain oil, grease, or other h.ard to remove materials, it may be necessary to rinse the container several times with pesticidegrade acetone before proceeding with Step 1. If these materials cannot be removed with acetone, the container should be discarded. Glass reusable composite containers collect samples at pesticide, herbicide, or other chemical manufacturing 5-26 used to facilities that produce toxic or noxious compounds shall be properly disposed of (preferably at the facility) at the conclusion of sampling activities and shall not be returned for cleaning. Also, glass composite containers used to collect in-process wastewater samples at industrial discarded after sampling. Any bottles that have a visible facilities shall be film, scale, or discoloration remaining after this cleaning procedure shall also be discarded. 5.7.1.4 Plastic Reusable Composite Sample Containers 1. Proceed with the cleaning procedures as outlined in Section 5.7.1.3 but omit the solvent rinse. Plastic reusable sample containers used to collect samples from facilities that produce toxic or noxious compounds or are used to collect in-process waste stream samples at industrial facilities will be properly disposed (preferably at the facility) sampling activities and will not be returned for cleaning. of at the conclusion of the Any plastic composite sample containers that have a visible film, scale, or other discoloration remaining after this cleaning procedure will be discarded. 5.7.1.5 Well Sounders or Tapes Used to Measure Ground Water Levels 1. Wash with laboratory detergent and tap water. 2. Rinse with tap water. 3. Rinse with deionized water. 4. Allow to air dry overnight. 5. Wrap equipment in aluminum foil (with tab for easy removal), seal in plastic, and date. 5.7.1.6 Submersible Pumps and Hoses Used to Purge Ground Water Wells 1. Using a brush, scrub the exterior of the contaminated water A 5-27 hose and pump with soanv 2. Rinse the soap from the outside of pump and hose with tap water. 3. Rinse the tap water residue from the outside of pump and hose with deionized water. 4. Equipment should be placed in a polyethylene to prevent contamination bag or wrapped with polyethylene film during storage or transit. 5. The submersible pump to be used is a “Redi-Flo 2”. 5.7.2 Large Machinery All drilling rigs, drilling equipment involved and Equipment and sampling in the drilling equipment, and sampling backhoes, and all other asso,ciated activities shall be cleaned and decontaminated before entering the designated drill site. All equipment should be inspected before entering the site to ensure that there are no fluids leaking and that all gaskets and seals are intact. contaminants All drilling and associated equipment entering a site shall be clean of any that may have been transported from another hazardous waste site, thereby minimizing the potential for cross-contamination. all drilling equipment shall be thoroughly cleaning/decontamination adhered to on all drilling Before site drilling activities are initiated, cleaned and decontaminated at the designated area. The following requirements and procedures are to be strictly activities. Any portion of the drill rig, backhoe, etc., that is over the borehole (kelly bar or mast, backhoe buckets, drilling platform, hoist or chain pulldowns, spindles, cathead, etc.) shall be steam cleaned before being brought on the site to remove all rust, soil and other material which may have come from other hazardous waste sites. The drill rig and/or other equipment associated with the drilling and sampling activities shall be inspected to insure that all oil, grease, hydraulic fluid, etc., have been removed, and all seals and gaskets are intact and there are no fluid leaks. No oils or grease shall be used to lubricate drill stem threads or any other drilling equipment being used over the borehole or in the borehole without EPA approval. stems have a tendency to tighten during drilling If drill [email protected] string can be used on the drill stem threads. The drill rig(s) shall be steam cleaned prior to drilling each borehole. In addition, all downhole sampling equipment that will come into contact with the downhole equipment and sample medium shall be cleaned and decontaminated by the following procedures. 5-28 1. Clean with tap water and laboratory grade, phosphate-free detergent, using a blrush, if necessary, to remove particulate matter and surface films. Steam cleaning and/or high pressure hot water washing may be necessary to remove matter that is difficult to remove with the brush. Hollow-stem augers, drill rods, Shelby tubes, etc., that are hollow or have holes that transmit water or drilling fluids, shall be cleaned on the inside and outside. The steam cleaner and/or high pressure hot water washer shall be capable of generating a pressure of at least 2500 PSI and producing hot water and/or steam (200°F plus). 2. Rinse thoroughly NOTE: with tap water (potable). Tap water (potable) may be applied with a pump sprayer. decontamination however, liquids (D.I. All other water, organic-free water, and solvents), must be applied with noninterferring containers. These containers shall be made of glass, [email protected], or stainless steel. This aspect of the decontamination site geologist procedures used by the driller will be inspected by the and/or other responsible person prior to beginning of operations. 3. Rinse thoroughly with deionized water, 4. Rinse twice with solvent (pesticide grade isopropanol). 5. Rinse thoroughly with organic-free water and allow to air dry. Do not rinse with deionized or distilled water. Organic-free water can be processed on site by purchasing deionization-organic filtration or leasing a lmobile system. In some cases when no organic-free water is available, it is permissible (with approval) to leave off the organic-free water rinse and allow the equipment air dry before use. 6. Wrap with aluminum foil, if appropriate, to prevent contamination going to be stored or transported. if equipment is Clean plastic can be used to wrap augers, drill stems, casings, etc., if they have been air dried. 5-29 7. All downhole augering, drilling and sampling equipment shall be sandblasted before Step #l if painted, and/or if there is a buildup of rust, hard or caked matter, etc., that cannot be removed by steam and/or high pressure cleaning. All sandblasting shall be performed prior to arrival on site. 8. All well casing, tremie tubing, etc., that arrive on site with printing them shall be removed before Step #l. remove the printing and/or writing. materials without the printing and/or writing on Emery cloth or sand paper can be used to Most well material suppliers can supply and/or writing if specified when materials are ordered. 9. Well casing, tremie tubing, etc., that are made of plastic (PVC) shall not be solvent rinsed during the cleaning and decontamination process. Used plastic materials that cannot be cleaned are not acceptable and shall be discarded. Cleaning and decontamination of all equipment shall occur at a designated area on the site, downgradient, and downwind from the clean equipment drying and storage area. All cleaning of drill rods, auger fights, well screen and casing, etc., will be conducted above the Iplastic sheeting using saw horses or other appropriate means. At the completion of the drilling activities, the pit shall be backfilled with the appropriate material designated by the Site Manager, but only after the pit has been sampled, and the waste/rinse water has been pumped into 55-gallon drums. No solvent rinsates will be placed in the pit unless prior approval is granted. All solvent rinsates shall be collected in separate containers for proper disposal. Surveying 5.8 All surveying activities will be conducted by a qualified surveying subcontractor licen.sed in the State of North Carolina. l Surveying activities will include the following: Resurveying areas at the sites which may have undergone physical changes due to recent construction activities l Surveying sampling grid for soil investigation. l Surveying nongrid sampling points (monitoring locations). 5-30 wells, surface water/sediment All grid intersections will be marked with a wooden stake and will be numbered Iby the surveyor with a unique location number. All newly-installed monitoring wells will be surveyed. The vertical accuracy sb.al 1 be surveyed to 0.01 feet and the horizontal accuracy within 0.1 foot. In addition, other sampling stations (test pit, surface water/sediment) will be surveyed for horizontal control within 1 foot accuracy. Control will be established by use of horizontal and vertical control points near the site that are tied into the North Carolina State Plane Coordinate System. If control points cannot be located, two benchmarks/monuments equivalent) benchmarks. will be surveyed from the closest USGS (or The 1929 msl datum will be used as a reference for the vertical elevation. Surveying of surface water sampling stations may be difficult, especially in deep water. The field team will estimate all locations and mark them on a field map during sampling. 5.9 Handling 5.9.1 Responsibilities LANTDIV of Site Investigation - LANTDIV Generated Wastes or the facility must ultimately of site wastes. As such, a LANTDIV representative be responsible for the final disposition will usually prepare and sign waste disposal manifests as the generator of the material, in the event off-site disposal is required. However, it may be the responsibility during execution of the investigation of Baker, depending on the contingency discussions to provide assistance to LANTDIV in arranging for final disposition and preparing the manifests. Proiect Manager LANTDIV - It is the responsibility EIC in determining of the Project the final disposition of site investigation Manager will relay the results and implications associated material, Manager the wastes. The Project of the chemical analysis of the waste or and advise on the regulatory appropriate to the disposition of the material. to work with requirements and prudent measures The Project Manager also is responsible for ensuring that field personnel involved in site investigation waste handling are familia:r with the procedures to be implemented in the field, and that all required field documentation been completed. 5-31 has Field Team Leader - The Field Team Leader is responsible for the on site supervision of the waste handling procedures during the site investigations. The Field Team Leader also is responsible for ensuring that all other field personnel are familiar with these procedures. Sources of Investigation 5.9.2 Field investigation contaminated environment, activities materials Derived Wastes (IDW) often result in the generation that must be properly and handling of potentially managed to protect the public as well as to meet legal requirements. and the These wastes may be either hazardous or nonhazardous in nature. The nature of the waste (hazardous or nonhazardous) will determine how the wastes will be handled during the field investigation. The sources of waste material depend on the site activities planned for a project. The following types of activities (or sources), typical of site investigations, may result in the generation of waste material which must be properly handled: l Drilling and monitoring well construction (drill cuttings) l Monitoring l Groundwater sampling (purge water) l Heavy equipment decontamination a Sampling equipment decontamination l Personal protective equipment (health and safety disposables) a Mud rotary drilling Designation 5.9.3 well development (development water) (decontamination fluids) (decontamination fluids) (contaminated mud) of Potentially Hazardous Wastes generated during the field investigation and Nonhazardous can be categorized IDW as either potentially hazardous or nonhazardous in nature. The designation of such wastes will determine how the wastes will be handled. The criteria for determining the nature of the waste, and the subsequent handling of the waste is described below for each type of investigative 5.9.3.1 Drill waste.. Drill Cuttings cuttings will be generated during the augering of test borings and monitoring well boreholes. All drill cuttings will be containerized in 55-gallon drums or in lined roll-off boxes. As the borehole is augered, and soil samples collected, the site geologist will monit,or the 5-32 cuttings/samples with an HNu photoionization (PID) unit for organic vapors. In addition, the site geologist will describe the soils in a field log book. Upon completion, the soil borings will be backfilled with a cement-bentonite grout. 5.9.3.2 Monitorinp Well Development and Purge Water All development and purge waters shall be containerized in tankers, or large (250-gallon) containers. 5.9.3.3 Decontamination Fluids Equipment and personal decontamination fluids shall be containerized The fluids shall be collected from the decomwash pads. If military in 55gallon drums. vehicle wash racks are used to decon the heavy equipment, no collection of these wastewaters will be necessary since the decontamination waters will be treated at one of the Camp Lejeune treatment facilities (depending upon the location of the vehicle wash racks). 5.9.3.4 Personal Protective Equipment All personal protective equipment (tyvek, gloves, and other health and safety disposables) shall be placed in the dump box, which will be provided by Camp Lejeune. Camp Lejeune will dispose of these materials when the box is full. 5.9.4 Labeling If 55-gallon drums are used to containerize drill cuttings, the containers will be consequently numbered and labeled by the field team during the site investigation. be legible and of an indelible Information Container labels shall medium (waterproof marker, paint stick, or similar means). shall be recorded both on the container lid and its side. Container labels shall include, as a minimum: l LANTDIV CT0 (number) 0 Project name l Drum number l Boring or well number l Date 5-33 l Source a Contents If laboratory analysis reveals that containerized materials are hazardous or contain PCBs, additional labeling of, containers may be required. LANTDIV in additional from the facility. The project management will assist labeling procedures, if necessary, after departure of the field team These additional labeling procedures will be based upon the identification material present; EPA regulations of applicable to labeling hazardous and PCB wastes are contained in 40 CFR Parts 261,262 and 761. 5.9.5 Container Log A container log shall be maintained in the site log book. The container log shall contain the same information as the container label plus any additional remarks or information. additional information may include the identification number of a representative Such laboratory sample. 5.9.6 Container Storage Containers of site investigation wastes shall be stored in a specially designated, secure area that is managed by the Camp Lejeune Environmental is determined. Management Division until disposition All containers shall be covered with plastic sheeting to provide protectio:n from weather. If the laboratory analysis reveal that the containers additionally required storage security investigation team, these will be the responsibility hold hazardous may be implemented; of LANTDIV or PCB waste, in the absence of the or the facility, as confIrmed by the contingency discussions. Baker will assist LANTDIV in devising the storage requirements, which may include the drums being staged on wooden pallets or other structures to prevent contact with the ground and being staged to provide easy access. Weekly inspections by facility temporary storage area may also be required. integrity personnel of the These inspections may assess the structural of the containers and proper container labeling. Also, precipitation that may accumulate in the storage area may need to be removed. These weekly inspections by facility personnel of the temporary storage area may also be required. 5-34 These inspections may assess the structural integrity of the containers and proper container labeling. Also, precipitation that may accumulate in the storage area may need to be removed. These weekly inspections and whatever precipitation 5.9.7 Container removal shall be recorded in the site logbook. Disposition The disposition of containers of site investigation LANTDIV, generated wastes shall be determined by with the assistance of Baker, as necessary. Container disposition shall be based on quantity of materials, types of materials, and analytical results. If necessary, specific samples of contained materials may be collected identify disposition. container disposition applicable Typically, analytical results; these results completion of the filed investigation 5.9.8 will Disposal of Contaminated further characteristics which may affect not be addressed until are usually not available after receipt of until long after at the facility. Materials Actual disposal methods for contaminated materials disturbed during a site investigation are the same as for other PCB or hazardous substances: incineration, and so forth. The responsibility landfilling, treatment, for disposal must be determined and agreed upon by all involved parties during negotiations addressing this contingency. The usual course will be a contractor specialist retained to conduct the disposal. However, regardless of the mechanism used, all applicable Federal, state and local regulations shall be observed. F’CB or EPA regulations applicable to generating, storing and transporting hazardous wastes are contained in 40 CFR Parts 262,263 and 761. Another consideration in selecting the method of disposal of contaminated whether the disposal can be incorporated into subsequent site cleanup activities. materials is For example, if construction of a suitable on-site disposal or treatment structure is expected, contaminated materials generated treatment/disposal during the site investigation with other site materials. may be stored In this case, the initial at the site for containment (drums or other containers) shall be evaluated for use as long-term storage. Also, other site conditions, such as drainage control, security and soil types must be considered in order to provide proper storage. 5-35 Water Level Measurements 5.10 Water level measurements will be collected from soil borings (during drilling), locations, test pits and monitoring hydropunch wells. Static water levels will be measured to the nearest 0.01 foot with a decontaminated electronic water level indicator (E-tape). Water levels is monitoring wells will be measured from the top of the PVC casing riser. All other water level measurements will be taken from ground surface. Soil Gas Survey 5.11 The following subsections are from the standard operating procedures provided by Tracer Research Corporation (TRC). They outline the soil gas survey and soil gas sample collection procedures. 5.11.1 Soil Gas Sampling Procedure Probe Placement A. A clean probe (pipe) is removed from the storage tube on top of the van. B. The soil gas probe is placed in the jaws of hydraulic pusher/puller mechanism. C. A sampling point is put on the bottom of the probe. D. The hydraulic pushing mechanism is used to push the probe into the ground. E. If the pusher mechanism will not push the probe into the ground a sufficient depth for sampling, the hydraulic hammer is used to pound the probe into the ground. Samnle Extraction A. An adaptor is put onto the top of the soil gas probe. B. The vacuum pump is hooked onto the adaptor. 5-36 C. The vacuum pump is turned on and used to evacuate soil gas. D. Evacuation will be at least 30 seconds, but never more than 5 minutes for samples lhaving evacuation pressures less than 15 inches of mercury. Evacuation 1 minute, but no more than 5 minutes for probes reading times will be at least greater than 15 inches of mercury. E. Gauges on the vacuum pump are checked for inches of mercury. 1. Gauge must read at least 2 inches of mercury less than maximum vacuum to be extracting sufficient soil gas to collect a valid sample. Sample Collection A. With vacuum pump running, a hypodermic syringe needle is inserted through the silicone rubber and down into the metal tubing of adaptor. B. Gas samples should only contact metal surfaces and never contact potentially sorbing materials (i.e., tubing, hose, pump diaphragm). C. The syringe is purged with soil gas then, without removing syringe needle from ada,pter, a 2-10 mL soil gas sample is collected. D. The syringe and needle are removed from the adaptor and the end of the needle is capped. E. If necessary, a second 10 mL sample is collected using the same procedure. Deactivation of Sampling Apparatus A. The vacuum pump is turned off and unhooked from the adaptor. B. The adaptor is removed and stored with equipment to be cleaned. C. Using the hydraulic puller mechanism, the probe is removed from the ground. D. The probe is stored in the “dirty” probe tube on top of the van. 5-37 E. The probe hole is backfilled, if required. Lost Book and U.S. EPA Field Sheet Notations for Sampling A. Time (military notation). B. Sample number (use client’s numbering system). C. Location (approximate description - i.e., street names). D. Sampling depth. E. Evacuation time before sampling. F. Inches of mercury on vacuum pump gauge. G. Probe and adaptor numbers. H. Number of sampling points used. I. Observations (i.e., ground conditions, concrete, asphalt, soil appearance, surface water, odors, vegetation, etc.). J. Backfill procedure and materials, if needed. Other Recordkeeping A. Client-provided data sheets are filled out, if required. B. Sample location is marked on the site map. Determination A. Initial of Sampling Locations sample locations will be determined by client (perhaps after consultation personnel) prior to start of job. 5-38 with TRC B. Remaining sample locations may be determined by: 1. Client a. Entire job sampling locations set up on grid system. b. Client decides location of remaining sample locations based on results of initial study, or 2. Client and TRC personnel a. Client and TRC personnel decide location of remaining results of initial 5.11.2 Analytical sample locations based on sample locations. Procedures Varian 3300 Gas Cbromatograph A. Equipped with Electron Capture Detectors (ECD), Flame Ionization Photo Ionization Detectors (PID) and/or Thermal Conductivity B. The chromatographic Detectors (FID), (TC) Detectors. column used by TRC for the analysis of halocarbons is a l/&inch diameter packed column containing tri-chloro and’tetra-chloro Alltech OV-101. This nicely separates most of the compounds that are encountered in soil gas investigations. The di-chloro compounds tend to elute ahead of the tri-chloro and tetra-chloro compound.s, thus creating no interference. particular In the event that assurance of the identity of a compound in any sample is needed, it will be analyzed on a SP-1000 column after the OV-101 analysis. Two Spectra Phvsics SP4270 Computing Integrators The integrators are used to plot the chromatogram and measure the size of the chromatographic peaks. The integrators compute and record the area of each peak. Thle peak areas are used directly in calculation of contaminant concentration. 5-39 Chemical Standards from ChemServices, Inc. of Westchester, Pennsvlvania A. TRC uses analytical standards that are preanalyzed, of certified purities and lot numbered for quality control assurance. Each vial is marked with an expiration date. All analytical standards are the highest grade available. B. The Quality Assurance procedures Certified purities are typically 99percent. used by ChemServices were described ‘by the Laboratory Supervisor, Dr. Lyle Phipher: 1. The primary measurement equipment at ChemServices, the analytical balance, is serviced by the Mettler Balance Company on an annual basis and recalibrated with NBS traceable weights. 2. All chemicals purchased for use in making the standards are checked for purity by means of gas chromatography using a thermal conductivity detector. Their chemicals are purified as needed. 3. The information on the purification and analysis of the standards is made available upon request for any item they ship when the item is identified by lot number. All standards and chemicals are shipped with their lot numbers printed on them. The standards used by TRC are made up in a two-step dilution of the pure chemical furnished by ChemServices. Analvtical Supplies A. Sufficient 2 and 10 cc glass and Hamilton syringes, so that none have to be reused without first being cleaned. B. Disposable lab supplies, where appropriate. C. Glassware to prepare aqueous standards. D. Miscellaneous laboratory supplies. 5-40 5.11.3 QAIQC Procedures Standards A. A fresh standard is prepared each day. The standards are made by serial dilution. 1. First, a stock solution containing the standard in methanol is prepared at TRC offices in Tucson. The stock solution is prepared by pipetting the pure chemical into 250 mL of methanol in a volumetric flask at room temperature. The absolute m.ass is determined from the product of volume and density calculated at room temperature. Hamilton microliter syringes, 1 percent, are used for pipetting. with a manufacturer’s Information Handbook of Physics and Chemistry. stated accuracy of + of - on density is obtained from the CRC Once the stock solution is prepared, typicsally in concentration range of 50-1000 mg/L, a working standard is prepared in water each day. The solute in the stock solution has a strong affinity to remain in methanol so there is no need to refrigerate the stock solution. Additionally, the solute tends not to biodegrade or volatilize out of the stock solution. 2. The working standards are prepared in 40 mL VOA septum vials by diluting the appropriate pg/L quantity of the standard solution in 40 mL of water. B. The standard water is analyzed for contamination before making the aqueous standard each day. C. The aqueous standard is prepared in a clean vial using the same syringe each day. The syringe should only be used for that standard. D. Final dilution of the calibration standards are made in water in a volatile organic analysis (VOA) vial having a [email protected] septum cap instead of in a volumetric flask in order to have the standard in a container with no air exposure. The VOA bottle permits mixing of the standard solution and subsequent syringe sampling all day long without opening the bottle or exposing it to air. The measurement uncertainty bottle instead of a volumetric flask is approximately inherent in the use of a VOA + or - 1 percent. E. The aqueous standard will contain the compounds of interest in the range of 5 to 100 pg& depending on the detectability of the individual 5-41 components. The standard will be analyzed at least three times at the beginning of each day to determine the mean response factor (RF) for each component. The standard will be injected again after every fifth sample to check detector response and chromatographic performance of the instrument throughout the day. F. The RF allows conversion of peak areas into concentrations interest. for the contaminants The RF used is changed if the standard response varies 25 percent. of If the standard injections vary by more than 25 percent, the standard injections are repeated. If the mean of the two standard injections represents greater than 25 percent difference, then a third standard is injected and a new RF is calculated from the three standard injections. A new data sheet is started with the new RFs and calibration data. % difference = A area - B area A area A = mean peak area of standard injection from first calibration. Where: B = peak area of subsequent standard injection. G. The low pg/L aqueous standards that are made fresh daily need not be refrigerated during the day because they do not change significantly numerous occasions the unrefrigerated in a 24-hour period. On 24-hour old standards have been compared with fresh standards and no difference has been measurable. If the standards were made at high ppm levels in water, the problem of volatilization would proba.bly be more pronounced in the absence of refrigeration. H. Primary standards are kept in the hotel room when on a project. I. A client may provide analytical standards for additional calibration and verification. Svstem Blanks A. System blanks are ambient air drawn through the probe and complete sampling apparatus (probe adaptor and 10 cc syringe) and analyzed by the same procedure as a soil gas sample. The probe is above the ground. 5-42 One system blank is run at the beginning of each day and compared to a concurrently B. sampled air analysis. A system blank is run before reusing any sampling system component. C. Ambient Air Samples Ambient air samples are collected and analyzed a minimum A. monitor safety of the work environment of two times d.aily to and to establish site background concentrations, if any, for contaminants of interest. All ambient air samples shall be documented. B. Samples A. All unknown samples will be analyzed at least twice. B. More unknown samples will be run until reproducibility is within 25 percent, computed as follows: Difference = Where: A-B (A + BY2 A is first measurement result. B is second measurement result. If the difference is greater than .25, a subsequent sample will be run until two measurements are made that have a difference of .25 or less. Those two measurements will be used in the final calculation for that sample. C. The injection volume should be adjusted so that mass of analyte is as near as possible to that which is contained in the standard, at least within a factor of ten. 5-43 D. Whenever possible, the attenuation for unknown samples is kept constant through the day (so as to provide a visual check of integrations). E. A water plug is used as a gas seal in pL syringes. F. A seal is established between syringes when subsampling. G. At very high concentrations, air dilutions are acceptable once concentration of contaminants in air have been established. H. All sample analysis are documents. I. Separate data sheets are used if chromatographic J. Everything conditions change. is labeled in pg/L, mg/L, etc., parts per million (ppm) and parts per billion (ppb) notations are to be avoided. Dailv Svstem Preparation A. Integrators parameters are initialized. 1. Pt. evaluation 2. Attenuation 3. Peak markers 4. Auto zero 5. Baseline offset (min. lopercent of full scale) B. The baseline is checked for drift, noise, etc. C. System parameters are set. 1. Gas flows (Note: N,(nitrogen), 2. Temperatures air, Hz (hydrogen), tank pressure) . a. Injector b. Column 5-44 c. Detector D. After last analysis of the day, conditioned septa are rotated into injection ports used during the day and replaced with fresh septa. E. Column and injector temperatures are run up to bake out residual contamination. F. Syringes are cleaned each,day. 1. 2 and 10 cc syringes are cleaned with Alconox or equivalent detergent and brush.. 2. pL syringes are cleaned daily with IPA or methanol (MeOH) and purged with Nz. Syringe Kleen is used to remove metal deposits in the barrel. 3. Syringes are baked out overnight in the oven of the gas chromatograph at a minimum temperature of 60°C. Sample Splits If desired, TRC’s clients or any party, with the approval of TRC’s client, may use sample splits to verify TRC’s soil gas or groundwater sampling results. A. Sample splits may be collected in two valve, flow-through-type, all-glass or internally electroplated, stainless steel containers for analysis within 10 days of collection. 1. Flow-through sample collection bottles should be cleaned by purging with nitrogen at 100°C for at least 30 minutes. Once clean, the bottles should be stored, filled with nitrogen at ambient pressure. 2. Sample bottles are filled by placing them in the sample stream between the probe and the vacuum pump. Five sample bottle volumes should be drawn through the container before the final sample is collected. The sample should be at ambient pressure. B. Sample splits can be provided in 10 cc glass syringes for immediate analysis in the .field by the party requesting the sample splits. 5-45 C. Splits of the aqueous standards or the methanol standards used by TRC for instrument calibration may be analyzed by the party requesting sample splits. 5.12 Drive-Point Groundwater Field Screening (Geoprobe”) The drive-point sampling technique can sample and analyze subsurface contamination gas, soil, and groundwater. drive-point During the initial phase of the investigation system will be utilized to collect and analyze groundwater determining the extent of contamination migration. This information in soil at Site 35 the samples to assist in in the surficial aquifer, as well as the direction of will aid in determining optimum locations for the proposed thirteen soil borings and five nested wells. One round of groundwater samples will be collected at each sampling location. The groundwater samples will be collected and analyzed by a gas chromatograph (GC) in an on-site laboratory equipped van. The on-site GC will be used to scan the groundwater samples and will be able to relay results to the field crew on a same-day basis so that field decisions can be made regarding the placement of soil borings and nested wells. EPA Method 601 (modified) will be utilized to analyze trichloroethylene based on previous analytical results. Subsequent to collecting the groundwater samples, the probe will be removed and the hole will be backfilled to the ground surface with a cementbentonite grout mixture. that the drive-point will be advanced in both asphalt and grass cover. 5-46 It is anticipated ,/‘“h, 6.0 ~AMPLEHANDLINGANDANALYSIS 6.1 Sample Program Field activities Environmental will Operations be conducted according to the guidance of USEPA Region IV Compliance Branch Standard Operating Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual (February 1,1991). The number of samples (including laboratory turnaround QA/QC samples), analytical times are included in Table 6-l. method, data quality level and Preservation requirements, bottle requirements and holding times are included in Section 7.0 of the QAPP which is Section II of this SAP. Collection procedures for field QA/QC samples are outlined in Section 3.3. 6.2 Chain-of-Custody Chain-of-custody procedures will be followed to ensure a documented, traceable link between measurement results and the sample/parameter I ..h that they represent. These procedures are intended to provide a legally acceptable record of sample preparation, storage and analysis. To track sample custody transfers before ultimate disposition, documented using the chain-of-custody form shown in Figure 6-l. sample custody will A chain-of-custody be seal is shown in Figure 6-2. A sample label is shown in Figure 6-3. A chain-of-custody shipped. form will be completed for each container in which the samples are The shipping containers will usually be coolers. After the samples are properly packaged, the coolers will be sealed and prepared for shipment. Custody seals will be placed on the outside ofthe coolers to ensure that the samples are not disturbed prior to reaching the laboratory. A field notebook will be maintained for the site. 6.3 Logbooks and Field Forms Field notebooks will be used to record sampling activities will be bound, field survey books. and information. Field notebooks Notebooks will be copied and submitted 6-1 to the field TABLE 6-1 SUMMARY OF SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROGRAMS AT SITE 35 REMEDIALINVESTIGATION CTO-0160 MCB CAMP LEJEUNE. NORTH CAROLTNA Baseline No. of Samples(l) Groundwater 4 11 samples from existing wells (shallow: MW-2,9,10,14,16, 19,22,26; EMW-3,6,7) Volatiles @PA 601/602) TCL SVOAs TAL Metals 8 samples from existing wells lint.swmn~iato* ,^__II~...“...UYI. MW-2, g, 10, 14,16,19,22,25) Volatiles (EPA 601/602) TCL SVGAa TAL Metals xl! ::: t 7 2 samples from existing well(shallow double-nested: TCL Organics TAL Metals IV IV 4,5,6 Mw-21p4) ; Routine 2 Routine 1 Routine 0 ; 7, 1 TABLE 6-l (Continued) SUMMARY OF SAMPLING AND ANALYTICALPROGRAMS REMEDIALINVESTIGATION CTO-0160 MCB CAMP LEJEUNE, NORTH CAROLINA Study Area 3ite 35 Investigation Groundwater (Continued) AT SITE 35 Baseline No. of Sample& Analysis Data Quality Level 4 samples from newly installed shallow wells (MW-29A, 30A, 31A, 32A) Volatiles (EPA 601/602) Iv 4 samples from newly installed shallow wells (deep: MW-29B, 30B, 31B, 32B) Volatiles 2 samples from newly installed shallow well cluster MW-33A and MW-33B TCL Organics TAL Metals z 4 samples from newly installed deep wells (GWD-1,2,3,4) Volatiles (EPA 601/602) 1 sample from newly installed deep well GWD-6 TCL Organics TAL Metals 1 sample (shallow): from one existing shallow well (MW21) BOD COD TOC TSS TDS Nitrogen (TKN) Total Phosphorous Microbial Enumeration Alkalinity 2 III : EPA 351.2 EPA 365.2 SM 907 EPA 310.1 (EPA 601/602) Iv Analytical Method 4 Laboratory Turnaround [email protected]) Routine 4 Field QA/QC Samples (9) Field Duplicate 1 Routine 1 4,5,6 7 Routine 0 Iv 4 Routine 1 z 4,5,6 7 Routine 0 ii 8 8 8 Routine Routine Routine Routine Routine Routine Routine Routine Routine NA if: iii Surface Water Brinson Creek 6 samples TCL Organics TAL Metals iz 49% 6 7 Routine 1 Sediment Brinson Creek 12 samples (O-6”) (6-12”) TCL Organics TAL Metals 4,5,6 7 Routine 1 E IDW=‘) (GW) 1 sample from 5,000-gallon ..--I--.. bUIIKlS TCL Organics ‘TAL Metals Iv IV 4,&F 7 14 days NA IDW (Soil) 1 composite sample from rolloff boxes Total TCLP Corrosivity Ignitability Reactivity III 40 CFR 40 CFR 40 CFR 40 CFR 14 days NA E: Iv 261 261 261 261 “ /9 ‘3 TABLE 6-1 (Continued) SUMMARY (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) OF SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROGRAMS REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION CTO-0160 MCB CAMP LEJEUNE, NORTH CAROLINA AT SITE 35 Baseline number of samples do not include field QA/QC samples. Surface soil samples shall be obtained from the interval 0 to 12 inches bgs. Routine analytical turnaround is 28 days following receipt of sample. Purgeable Organic Compounds - EPA 824O/EPA 624 (EPA 601/602 for groundwater only) Base/Neutral Acid Extractables - EPA 3510/EPA 625 Pesticides and PCBs - EPA 3510/355O/EPA 608 TAL Inorganics: EPA 3OlO/EPA ZOO.7 EPA 3010/EPA 200.7 EPA 3010/EPA 200.7 Potassium Aluminum Cobalt EPA 302O/EPA 270.2 EPA 301O/EPA 200.7 Selenium Antimony EPA 301O/EPA 200.7 Copper EPA 301O/EPA 200.7 EPA 302O/EPA 206 EPA 301O/EPA 200.7 Silver Arsenic Iron EPA 3020iEPA 239 EPA 3010/EPA 200.7 EPA 30101EPA 200.7 Lead Sodium Barium Thallium EPA 302O/EPA 279 EPA 3OlO/EPA 200.7 EPA 3OlO/EPA 200.7 Beryllium Magnesium EPA 3OlOIEPA 200.7 Vanadium EPA 3OlO/EPA 200.7 Cadmium EPA 3OlO/EPA 200.7 Manganese EPA 3010,‘EPA 200.7 EPA 3OlO/EPA 200.7 Mercury EPA 3OlOtEPA 245.1 Zinc Calcium EPA 30101EPA 200.7 EPA 3OlO/EPA 200.7 Chromium Nickel TDS - Total Dissolved Solids (EPA 160.1) (8) BOD - Biological Oxygen Demand (SM 5210) 9 TOC - Total Organic Carbon (EPA 415.1) COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand (EPA 410.1) lh. TSS - Total Suspended Solids (EPA 160.2) (9) Trip Blank - 1 per cooler (VOCs only) Equipment Rinsate - 1 per day for each matrix sampled Matrix Spike/Matrix Spike Duplicate - 1 per 20 samples (10) One soil sample per boring is assumed. Selected sample will have exhibited highest PID or OVA reading. The field geologist can exercise discretion and substitute a visually contaminated sample in lieu of the sample exhibiting the highest PID or OVA reading. (11) One soil sample per boring to be obtained from the unsaturated soil interval located immediately above the static groundwater surface. (12) This soil sample shall be obtained undisturbed via Shelby Tube (ASTM D1587-83) from the underlying clay stratum that reportedly lies roughly 35 to 40 feet bgs. (13) This soil sample shall be obtained from somewhere within the unsaturated zone at the discretion of the field geologist. (14) Two samples refers to one sample from each of the two screened intervals within the double-nested well. (1%IDW = Investigation Derived Waste ‘4 ,’9 > FIGURE 6-1 PROJECT NO.: SITE NAME: REMARKS SAMPLERS (SIGNATURE): sT;yN DATE TIME COMP GRAB STATION LOCATION I I I I I I I I I I I RELWQUISHED t BY (SIGNATU~): I DATE/TIiifE: RECEIVED BY (SIGNATURE): RELINQUISHED BY (SIGNATURE): DA’IWI’IME: RECEIVED BY (SIGNATURE): ---1.. -9:PLM”TT’C-” ~“A”1u.lYU DVI <“Tn.*. ,on.s~un*uLlJs,. DATE7IlME: RETCEIVETDBY (SIGNATURE): RELINQUISHED BY (SIGNATURE): DATE/TIME: &CEIVED R ELINQUISHED DATE/TIME: RECEIVED FOR LABORATORY BY (SIGNATUm): DATE/TIME: BY (SIGNATURE): REMARKS: BY (SIGNATURE): FIGURE EXAMPLE 6-2 CUSTODY SEAL II I/ Date Date Signature Signature CUSTODY SEAL CUSTODY SEAL 6-6 - FIGURE EXAMPLE 6-3 SAMPLE LABEL Baker Environmental Inc. Airport Office Park, Bldg. 3 420 Rouser Road Coraopolis, PA 15108 Project: Sample Description: Date: CT0 No.: 0026 19026-SRN 09/17/92 Groundwater Sampler: Time: 0944 Analysis: TAL Metals (CAP) Project Sample No.: ABC Preservation: HN08 CAX-GW-04 Note: Typically, sample labels are provided by the analytical laboratory and may be used instead of the above. However, samplers should make sure all pertinent information can be affixed to the label used. 6-7 sampling task leader, for filing upon completion of the assignment. The cover of each logbook will contain: l The name of the person to whom the book is assigned a The book number a The project name l Entry start date l Entry completion date Entries will include general sampling information The beginning of each entry will include so that site activities may be reconstructed. the date, sampling site, start time, weather conditions, field personnel present and level of personal protection. would be names and purpose of any visitors conditions to the vicinity which might impact the interpretation Other possible entries during of the subsequent sampling, unusual sampling daita, or problems with the sampling equipment. All entries will be in ink with no erasures. Incorrect entries will be crossed out with a single strike and initialed. Field forms used in association with the logbooks include: Test Pit Record (Figure 6-41, Field Test Boring Record (Figure 6-51, and Test Boring and Well Construction Record (Figure 6-6). ,“” 6-8 FIGURE 6-4 TEST PIT RECORD PROJECT: SO. NO.: COORDINATES: EAST SURFACE ELEVATION: WEATHER: DEFINITIONS HNU = Photo Ionization Detector Reading OVA = Organic Vapor Analyzer Reading Depth (Ft.) impk LPe and NO. NU or )VA) ppm - eld ead lace TEST PIT NO.: NORTH: WATER LEVEL: DATE: Lab Class. = USCS(ASTM D-2487) or AASHTO (ASTM D-3282) Lab Moist. = Moisture Content (ASTM D-2216) Dry Weight Basis Visual Description -ab. :lass. .ab. loist % Ellevation (Principal Constituents, Gradation, Color, Moisture Content, Organic Content, Plasticity, and Other Observations) 1 2 3 J 4 5 6 -I 7- 8910ll12131415161718. CONTRACTOR: EQUIPMENT: 6-9 BAKER REP.: TEST PIT NO.: _ SHEET&OF1 FIGURE 6-5 TEST BORING AND WELL CONSTRUCTION RECOR[ PROJECT: S.O. NO.: COORDINATES: EAST: ELEVATION: SURFACE: BORING NO.: NORTH: TOP OF PVC CASING: UG: SPLIT SPOON CASING AUGERS CORE BARREL DATE PROGRESS VT) WEATHER TIME IZE (DIAM.) ENGTH YPE IAMMERWT. ALL TICK UP IEMARKS: S T R D Depth (Ft.1 = = = = SAMPLE TYPE A =Auger Split Spoon W = Wash ShelbyTube C = Core Air Rotary P = Piston Denison N = NoSample tmpli ype snd No. . Samp Rec. Ft. & % IPT )r IQD Lab. lass. or Pen. Rate PID wm Visual Description Well installation Detail Elevation Ft. MSL l- 23456789o- Match to Sheet 2 . DRILLING CO.: DRILLER: BAKER REP.: BORING NO.: 6-10 SHEET I_ OF -2 FIGURE 6-6 FIELD WELL CONSTRUCTION LOG PROJECT: S.O. NO.: COORDINATES: EAST: ELEVATION: SURFACE: BORING NO.: NORTH: TOP OF STEEL CASING: _ Well Development I Pay Items Quantity Item WELL INFORMATION Remarks Unit DIAM. (INCHES) TYPE .,I%,., Well Casing Well Screen Well Installation Backfill Key Cement Rubber Packer (#l) (#4) Detail Well Key l23- Cement/ Bentonite Solid Casing 4- (43 Sand Bentonite (#5) (#7) 56- w4 Slotted Screen 7..m. . . . . ..m . . . . . . . . . Drill Cuttings /““’ (#3) . . . Gravel W) l!!!I DRILLING CO.: DRILLER: WI 8- . 910 BAKER REP.: BORING NO.: 6-11 SIHEET _ OF - 7.0 SITE MANAGEMENT This section outlines the responsibilities and reporting requirements of on-site personnel. Field Team Responsibilities 7.1 The field portion of this project will consist of one field team. All field activities will be coordinated by a Site Manager. The Field Team will employ one or more drilling installation. rigs for soil boring and monitoring The rig(s) will be supervised by a Baker geologist. well Two sampling technicians will be assigned to the field team. A Site Manager (or Field Team Leader) will be assigned to manage all field activities. The Site Manager will ensure that all field activities are conducted in accordance with the ,project plans (the Work Plan, this Field Sampling and Analysis Plan, the Quality Assurance IProject Plan, and the Health and Safety Plan). Reporting 7.2 Requirements The Site Manager will report a summary of each day’s field activities to the Project Manager or his/her designee. This may be done by telephone or telefax. The Site Manager will include, at a minimum, the following in his/her daily report: l Baker personnel on site. l Other personnel on site. l Major activities of the day. l Subcontractor quantities (e.g., drilling l Samples collected. l Problems encountered. l Planned activities. footages). The Site Manager will receive direction from the Project Manager regarding changes in scope of the investigation. This will be especially critical as the rapid-turnaround laboratory results become available since additional sample locations may be added to the program. 7-l ,[email protected]*\ 8.0 REFERENCES Camp Lejeune Federal Facility Agreement (FFA). December 6,1989. ATEC, 1992. Underground Storage Tank Site Check. Investigation Report, Former Mess Hall Heating Plant. Marine Corps Base, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. ESE, 1990. Final Community Relations Plan for MCB Camp Leieune. ESE Project :No. 49- 02036, September 1990. ESE, 1992. Final Site Assessment Report for Sites 6,48, and 69 - Characterization Determine Existence and Possible MiPration of Specific Chemicals In Situ. Studv to Marine Corps Base, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. Harned, D.A., Lloyd, O.B. Jr., and Treece, M.W. Jr., 1989. Assessment of Hvdrologic Hvdrogeologic Data at Camp Leieune Marine Corns Base, North Carolina. Resources Investigations and USGS. Water Report 89-4096. Law, 1992. Final Report, Underground Fuel Investigation, Camp Geiger Fuel Farm. IMarine Corps Base, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. Law, 1993. Addendum to Report of Underground Fuel Investigation and Comprehensive Site Assessment. Camp Geiger Fuel Farm, Marine Corps Base, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. NUS, 1990. Draft Field Investigation/Focused Feasibilitv Study. Camp Geiger Fuel Spill Site. Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. U.S. Environmental Investigations Protection and Feasibility Agency, 1988. Guidance Studies Under CERCLA. for Conducting Remedial Gffice of Emergency and Remedial Response, OSWER Directive 9355.3-01, October 1988. Water and Air Research, Inc., 1983. Initial Assessment Study of Marine Corps Base, Camp Leieune. North Carolina. Prepared for Naval Energy and Environmental 8-l Support Activity. /-h- APPENDIX A JUSTIFICATION CRITERIA FOR USE OF PVC AS WELL CASING MATERIAL The following is EPA Region IV minimum seven point information use of PVC as an alternate casing material for groundwater justification requirements to justify the monitoring wells. If requested, of the use of PVC should be developed by addressing each of the following items: 1. The DQOs for the groundwater samples to be collected. Level IV DQOs will be used for analyses of groundwater project. Analytical of contamination 2. The anticipated samples collected during this parameters have been selected to characterize the presence or absence and to assess any associated risks to human health or the environment. (organic) compounds. Maximum Groundwater Organic Concentrations (l&L) Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene Total Xylenes MTBE Trans-1,2-DCE TCE PCE Vinyl chloride 2,300 280 590 1,100 46 110 810 1.0 6.0 The concentrations listed above represent maximums at each site. These compounds are not necessarily present in all wells at a site. There are two primary concerns regarding sample bias associated with use of PVC well casing under these conditions. One is that organic contaminants will leach from the PVC well casing. The other is that organic contaminants that may be present in the groundwater would adsorb onto the PVC. Either of these could result in biased analytical results. It is important to note that all stagnant water from inside the well casing is purged immediately before sample collection. The time required to do this is expected to be much less than that required for groundwater sampling bias phenomena (adsorbing/leaching) A-l to develop. 3. The anticipated residence time of the sample in the well and the aquifer’s productivity. Samples collected immediately Aquifer productivity: conductivity after purging (i.e “fresh” from the aquifer). Subsurface soil samples are mostly fine sand. Hydraulic is estimated at 0.0001 to 0.01 cm/set. The wells should recharge (enough to sample) before any sorbing/leaching of organics can occur. Aquifer tests conducted by O’Brien and Gere (1988) provided information transmissivity: well yield: saturated thickness: radius of influence: of the following aquifer characteristics: 500 gpd/ft. h-pm 19-22 ft. 300-400 ft. 4. The reasons for not using other casing materials. Costs associated with use of stainless steel and teflon casing materials are prohibitive, particularly investigation. in 4-inch monitoring Existing organic materials groundwater from/onto wells. PVC strength quality will data indicate be sufficient for this that leaching/sorbing the PVC will not be extensive of enough to bias future groundwater analysis. PVC is lighter and more flexible than stainless steel. 5. Literature on the adsorption characteristics of the compounds and elements of interest. The following was originally presented in National Water Well Association (NWWA, 1989): Miller (1982) conducted a study to determine if PVC exhibited potential contaminants from solution. Trichloroethene any tendency t,o sorb and 1,1,2-trichloroethane did not sorb to PVC. Reynolds and Gillham (1985) found that 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane to PVC. The sorption was slow enough that groundwater could sorb sampling bias would not be significant if well development (purging the well of stagnant water) and sampling were to take place in the same day. A-2 6. Whether the wall thickness space when compared It will not, of the PVC casing would to other well construction interfere annular operations will be of sufficient of the PVC casing. 7. The type of PVC to be used and, if available, an assurance a larger materials. Hollow stem augers used during drilling diameter for installation require the manufacturers specifications, and that the PVC to be used does not leach, mask, react or otherwise with the contaminants being monitored Baker will request the appropriate manufacturers this requirement. within the limits of the D&OS. specifications and assurances regarding This material will be supplied to Baker by the drilling subcontractor. References for Appendix A: National Water Well Association, 1989, Handbook of Sucrpested Practices for the :Design and Installation of Ground-Water Monitoring Wells, Dublin, Ohio, 398 pp. Miller, G.D., 1982, Uptake of lead, chromium and trace level volatile organics exposed to svnthetic well casings, Proceedings Restoration and Ground-Water of the Second National Monitoring, National Symposium on A.quifer Water Well Association, Dublin, Ohio, pp. 236-245. Reynolds, G.W. and Robert W. Gillham, 1985, Absorption of halogenated organic compounds by polvmer materials commonly used in ground-water monitors, Proceedings of the Second Canadian/American National Conference on Hydrogeology, Association, Dublin, Ohio, pp. 125-132. A-3 Water Well r:- APPENDI:X A JUSTIFICATION CRITERIA FOR TJSE OF PVC AS WELL CASING MATERIAL The following is EPA Region IV minimum seven point information use of PVC as an alternate casing material for groundwater justification requirements to justify the monitoring wells. If requested, of the use of PVC should be developed by addressing each of the following items: 1. The DQOs for the groundwater samples to be collected. Level IV DQOs will be used for analyses of groundwater project. Analytical of contamination 2. The anticipated samples collected during this parameters have been selected to characterize the presence or absence and to assess any associated risks to human health or the environment. (organic) compounds. Maximum Groundwater Organic Concentrations (UdL) Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene Total Xylenes MTBE Trans-1,2-DCE TCE PCE Vinyl chloride 2,300 280 590 1,100 46 110 810 1.0 6.0 The concentrations listed above represent maximums at each site. These compounds are not necessarily present in all wells at a site. There are two primary concerns regarding sample bias associated with use of PVC well casing under these conditions. One is that organic contaminants will leach from the PVC well casing. The other is that organic contaminants that may be present in the groundwater would a.dsorb onto the PVC. Either of these could result in biased analytical results. It is important to note that all stagnant water from inside the well casing is purged immediately before sample collection. The time required to do this is expected to be much less than that required for groundwater sampling bias phenomena (adsorbing/leaching) to develop. /----. 3. The anticipated residence time of the sample in the well and the aquifer’s productivity. Samples collected immediately Aquifer productivity: conductivity after purging (i.e “fresh” from the aquifer). Subsurface soil samples are mostly fine sand. Hydraulic is estimated at 0.0001 to 0.01 cm/set. The wells should recharge (enough to sample) before any sorbing/leaching of organics can occur. Aquifer tests conducted by O’Brien and Gere (1988) provided information transmissivity: well yield: saturated thickness: radius of influence: of the following aquifer characteristics: 500 gpd/ft. h-pm 19-22 ft. 300-400 ft. 4. The reasons for not using other casing materials. Costs associated with use of stainless steel and teflon casing materials ,/I ^-\ particularly investigation. in 4-inch monitoring Existing organic materials groundwater from/onto wells. PVC strength quality the PVC will will data indicate are prohibitive, be sufficient for this that leaching/sorbing not be extensive of enough to bias future groundwater analysis. PVC is lighter and more flexible than stainless steel. 5. Literature on the adsorption characteristics of the compounds and elements of interest. The following was originally presented in National Water Well Association (N’WWA, 1989): Miller (1982) conducted a study to determine if PVC exhibited potential contaminants from solution. Trichloroethene any tendency to sorb and 1,1,2-trichloroethane did not sorb to PVC. Reynolds and Gillham (1985) found that 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane to PVC. The sorption was slow enough that groundwater could sorb sampling bias would not be significant if well development (purging the well of stagnant water) and sampling were to take place in the same day. A-2 6. Whether the wall thickness space when compared It will not. of the PVC casing would to other well construction interfere annular operations will be of sufficient of the PVC casing. 7. The type of PVC to be used and, if available, an assurance a larger materials. Hollow stem augers used during drilling diameter for installation require the manufacturers specifications, and that the PVC to be used does not leach, mask, react or otherwise with the contaminants being monitored within the limits of the DQOs. Baker will request the appropriate manufacturers specifications and assurances regarding this requirement. This material will be supplied to Baker by the drilling subcontractor. References for Appendix A: National Water Well Association, 1989, Handbook of Suggested Practices for the IDesign and Installation of Ground-Water Monitoring Wells, Dublin, Ohio, 398 pp. Miller, G.D., 1982, Uptake of lead. chromium and trace level volatile organics exposed to svnthetic well casings, Proceedings Restoration and Ground-Water of the Second National Monitoring, National Symposium on A.quifer Water Well Association, Dublin, Ohio, pp. 236-245. Reynolds, G.W. and Robert W. Gillham, 1985, Absorption of halogenated organic compounds bv polymer materials commonly used in mound-water monitors, Proceedings of the Second Canadian/American National Conference on Hydrogeology, Association, Dublin, Ohio, pp. 125-132. A-3 Water Well SECTION II DRAFT REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION/ FEASIBILITY STUDY QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN FOR OPERABLE UNIT NO. 10 (SITE 35) MARINE CORPS BASE, CAMP LEJEUNE, NORTH CAROLINA CONTRACT TASK Prepared ORDEIFi: 0160. For: DEPARTMENT OF TSHE NAVY ATLANTIC DIVISION NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING .COMMAND Norfolk, Virginia LANTDIV Contract CLEAN Program N62470-89-D-4814 Prepared BAKER by: ENVIRONMENTAL, Coraopolis, Pennsylvania JULY 7,199s INC. , TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 SCOPE OF QUALITY 3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 4.0 PROJECT ORGANIZATION 5.0 5.1 5.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES FOR DATA MEASUREMENT Project Quality Assurance Objectives ................................... DataQuaIityObjectives ............................................... 5-l 5-l 5-2 6.0 SAMPLING 6-1 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 SAMPLE AND DOCUMENT CUSTODY PROCEDURES SamplingHandling ................................................... Chain-of-Custody Procedures .......................................... Document Custody Procedures ......................................... 8.0 8.1 8.2 CALIBRATION PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY FieldInstruments .................................................... LaboratoryInstruments ............................................... 9.0 9.1 9.2 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES ..................................... Field Analysis ....................................................... Laboratory Analysis .................................................. 10.0 10.1 10.2 DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION, AND REPORTING Field Data Procedures ................................................ LaboratoryDataProcedures ........................................... ................................................... ASSURANCE PROCEDURES PROJECT l-l PLAN .............. .......................................... 2-1 3-1 ........................................ 4-l ........................................ ............ ................ 7-1 7-1 7-l 7-6 8-l 8-l 8-l 9-l 9-l 9-1 ............ 10-l 10-l 10-l 11.0 INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS ........................ 11.1 Field Internal Quality Control Checks .................................. 11.2 TypesofQCSamples .................................................. 11.3 Laboratory Control Limits ............................................ 11.4 Quality Assurance Review of Reports, Plans, and Specifications ........... 11.5 Laboratory Quality Assurance ......................................... 11-l 11-l 11-1 11-4 11-7 11-8 12.0 PERFORMANCE 12-1 13.0 13.1 13.2 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE .................................... FieldMaintenance ................................................... LaboratoryMaintenance .............................................. AND SYSTEM AUDITS ii ........................... 13-1 13-l 13-2 TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES 14.0 DATA MEASUREMENT 14.1 Overall Project Assessment ............................................ 14.2 Field Quality Assessment ............................................. 14.3 Laboratory Data Quality Assessment ................................... 14.4 Laboratory Data Validation ........................................... ............ 15.0 CORRECTIVE ACTION ............................................ 15.1 Corrective Action ..................................................... 15.2 Limits of Operation ................................................... 16.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORTING PROCEDURES 14-1 14-l 14-1 14-1 14-3 15-1 15-l 15-2 ............. 16-1 APPENDIX A Field Water Quality Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*.*...a... A-l f‘” ‘, LIST OF FIGURES Number 4-l Project Organization Chart Ps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o. . . . 4-2 LIST OF TABLES Number 5-l Definitions of Data Quality Indicators 7-l Summary of Containers, Preservation, and Holding Times for Water Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..a............... . . ...*. Summary of Containers, Preservation, and Holding Times forSoil./SedimentSamples ...... .. . ...... .. .... ... .. . ... .. ......... .... Method Performance Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2 9-l . ...... ...... ..... .. .... ...... .... 5-3 7-2 7-3 9-2 1 l-l QC Analysis Frequency . . . . . . . . . . ..I.... ,............................. 11-2 QA/QC Sample Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3 11-8 12-1 System Audit Checklist - Project Office 12-2 .................. iv ............... 1.0 INTRODUCTION This Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) has been developed for the field investigation of the following site at Marine Corps Base, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina: l Site 35 - Camp Geiger Area Fuel Farm The preparation of this QAPP, and other related project plans, is being performed under the Navy CLEAN Contract Task Order 0160. Baker Environmental, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Michael Baker Corporation, is the prime contractor for the implementation of this project. This QAPP addresses the quality assurance and quality control steps and procedures that will be administered for the sample collection and analysis for this Remedial Investigation Detailed information regarding sample handling Sections 6.0 and 9.0, respectively. and analytical (RI). methods are provided in Sample collection procedures are provided in the Field Sampling and Analysis Plan (FSAP). )/--.. l-l 2.0 SCOPE OF QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN This Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) addresses sample collection and analysis to be conducted for the field investigation of Site 35 of Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. TheeQAPP has been developed for the Department of Navy (DON) in accordance with U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidelines. Contractors will follow QA/QC practices and procedures, including chain-of-custody procedures, while conducting all sample collection and analysis activities. In order to provide adequate QA/QC, this investigation 1. Use of a NEESA-certified will require: analytical laboratory; 2. Use of accepted analytical methods for the samples outlined in the Field Sampling and Analysis Plan (FSAP). Analysis of samples for hazardous constituents parameters will be performed using the following documents: 0 “Statement of Work for Organic Analysis,” USEPA, OLM01.6, June 1991; l “Statement of Work for Inorganic Analysis,” USEPA, ILMO2.0, March 1990; l “Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Waste,“ USEPA, 1979, Revised March 1983; l “Environmental Pollutants,” l Protection Agency Regulations on Test Procedures for An.alysis of USEPA, 40 CFR 136; “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,” USEPA, November 1986,3rd Edition; and 0 “Hazardous Waste Management System; Identification Waste; Toxicity Characteristics 3. Field audit(s) during initial and Listing of Hazardous Revisions; Final Rule,” USEPA, 52 FR 26886. sampling activities performed according to the Plan. 2-1 to verify that sampling is being The structure of this QAPP and the QA elements addressed are: 0 Title Page l Table of Contents l Introduction 0 QAPP Scope l Project Description 0 Project Organization l QA Objectives for Data Measurement l Sampling Procedures l Sample and Document Custody l Calibration Procedures and Frequency l Analytical Procedures l Data Reduction,Validation, l Internal QC Checks l Performance and System Audits l Preventive Maintenance l Data Measurement Assessment Procedures l Corrective Action l QA Reports to Management and Reporting 2-2 3.0 PROJECT An introduction DESCRIPTION to the field investigation of Site 35 describing the project objectives and scope are given in Sections 4.0 and 5.0 of the RYFS Work Plan. These sections discuss the objectives of the RI, and the various field sampling and analytical the field investigations, including programs. A detailed description of sample location and designation, sampling procedures and frequency, is presented in Sections 3.0,4.0, and 5.0 of the FSAP. 3-l 4.0 PROJECT ORGANIZATION Technical performance of the investigation responsible for quality assurance throughout of Site 35 at Camp Lejeune and key personnel its duration are described in Section 6.0 of the RI/FS Work Plan. The contractor will utilize subcontractors to perform laboratory analysis, data validation, drilling and monitoring well installation, Specific subcontractors have not yet been identified. organization, lines of authority, ordnance clearance, and surveying. Figure and support personnel/organizations. 4-l 4-1 shows the project FIGURE 4-1 PROJECT ORGANIZATION RI/FS AT OPERABLE UNIT NO. 10 SITE 35 MCB CAMP LEJEUNE, NORTH CAROLINA Linda Berry LANTDIV EIC Fj ----------- l--------------------------- {-yq Raymond P, Wattras MCB Camp Lejeune Activity Coordinator I Daniel L. Bonk Project Manager John Barone QNQC William D. Trimbath John W, Mentz Technical Advisors Richard F. Hoff Risk Assessment Specialist 1 Drilling Subcontractors Peter A. Monday Site Manager Site Engineer Site Geologist 5.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES FOR DATA MEASUREMENT The purpose of a QA Program is to establish policies for the implementation requirements and to provide an internal of regulatory means for control and review so that the work performed is of the highest professional standards. 5.1 Project Quality Assurance Objectives Project QA objectives are: l Scientific data will be of a quality sufficient to meet scientific and legal scrutiny; l Data will be gathered/developed in accordance with procedures appropriate for the intended use of the data; and 0 Data will be of acceptable precision, accuracy, completeness, representativeness, and comparability The fundamental as required by the project. mechanisms that will be employed to achieve these quality goals can be categorized as prevention, assessment, and correction: l Prevention of errors through planning, documented instructions and procedures, and careful selection and training of skilled, qualified personnel; 0 Assessment of all quality assurance sampling reports furnished by the contract laboratory; 0 Assessment of data through data validation, and of procedures through laboratory and field audits; and a Correction for prevention of reoccurrence of conditions adverse to quality. This QAPP, prepared in direct response to these goals, describes the QA Program to be implemented and the quality control (QO procedures to be followed by the laboratory during the course of the project. 5-l This QAPP presents the project organization and specifies or references technical procedures, documentation requirements, sample custody requirements, audit, and corrective provisions to be applied to provide confidence that all activities action meet the intent of the QA program. This QAPP has been prepared in accordance with USEPA guidance as presented in “Interim Guidelines and Specifications for Preparing Quality Assurance Project Plans,” QAMS-005/80. The procedures contained or referred to herein have been taken from: l “Statement of Work for Organic Analysis,” USEPA , OLM01.6, June 1991.; l “Statement of Work for Inorganic Analysis,” USEPA , ILMO2.0, March 19190; l “Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Waste,” USEPA, 1979, Revised March 1983; l “Environmental of Pollutants,” l Protection Agency Regulations on Test Procedures for Analysis USEPA, 40 CFR 136; “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,” USEPA, November 1986, 3rd Edition; l “Hazardous Waste Management System; Identification Waste; Toxicity Characteristics and Listing of Hazardous Revisions; Final Rule,” USEPA, 52 FR 26886; and l “Interim Guidelines and Specifications for Preparing Quality Assurance Project Plans,” USEPA, (QAMS 005180). 5.2 Data Quality Objectives Data quality objectives (D&OS) are qualitative or quantitative statements developed by the data users to specify the quality of data needed from a particular support a specific decision. representativeness, data collection activity The DQOs are expressed in terms of precision, completeness, and comparability. for the more general term uncertainty, Definitions are given in Table 5-1. 5-2 to accuracy, for these terms, a.s well as TABLE 5-l DEFINITIONS OF DATA QUALITY INDICATORS PRECISION - A measure of mutual agreement among individual measurements of the same property, usually under prescribed similar conditions. Precision is expressed in terms of the standard deviation. Comparison of replicate values is best. expressed as the relative percent difference (RPD). Various measures of precision. exist depending upon the “prescribed similar conditions”. ACCURACY - The degree of agreement of a measurement (or an average of replicate measurements), X, with an accepted reference or true value, T, expressed as the difference between the two values, X-T. Accuracy is a measure of the bias in a. system. REPRESENTATIVENESS - Expresses the degree to which data accurately and1 precisely represent a characteristic of a population, parameter variations at ai sampling point, a process condition, or an environmental concern. COMPLETENESS - A measure of the amount of the valid data obtained from the measurement system compared to the amount that was expected under “normal” conditions. COMPARABILITY - Expresses the confidence with which one data set can be compared with another. UNCERTAINTY decision. - The likelihood of all types of errors associated with a particular 5-3 The Project Manager, in conjunction with the Navy Engineer-in-Charge for defining the DQOs. The intended use of the data, analytical (EIC), is responsible measurements, and the availability of resources are integral in development of DQOs. DQOs define the level of uncertainty in the data that is acceptable for each specific activity during the investigation. This uncertainty includes both field sampling error and analytical zero uncertainty is the goal; however, the variables associated with sampling and analysis contribute to a degree of uncertainty to keep the total uncertainty instrument error. Ideally, in any data generated. It is an overall program objective within an acceptable range, so as not to hinder the intended use of the data. To achieve this objective, specific data quality requirements limits, criteria for accuracy and precision, sample representativeness, such as detection data comparability, and data completeness have been specified. The data collected during the course of the site investigation will be used: 0 To assess potential human health and environmental risks; 0 To monitor health and safety conditions during field activities; 0 To identify releases or suspected releases of hazardous waste and/or constituents; 0 To characterize the wastes contained and/or managed; and, 0 To screen from further investigation those areas which do not pose a threat to human health or environment. All samples for characterizing selecting remedial alternatives the site, assessing human health and environmental risks, or will be analyzed and reported by the laboratory as L,evel IV data. Samples collected to evaluate process options (e.g., TOC, TSS, etc.) will be analyzed and reported by the laboratory as Level III data quality. Field parameters including (aqueous only) and specific conductance will be Level I data quality. studies are conducted, sample analyses will be Level III or IV quality. 5-4 temperature In the event treatability 6.0 SAMPLING Descriptions PROCEDURES of the procedures to be used for sampling the groundwater, surface water, sediment and soil at the site are provided in Section 5.0 of the FSAP. The number of samples, sampling locations, and sampling rationale by media also are presented in the FSAP. 6-l SAMPLE AND DOCUMENT 7.0 CUSTODY PROCEDURES Sample custody procedures outlined in this section have been developed from “User’s Guide to the Contract Laboratory Program,” December 1988, OSWER Directive No. 9240.0-01. These procedures are in accordance with “EPA NEIC Policies and Procedure Manual,“ revised November 1984, EPA 330-78-001-R and “Interim May 1978, Guidelines and Specifications for Preparing Quality Assurance Project Plans,” December 1980, QAMS-005180. The purpose of this section is to outline the sample handling procedures to be used during implementation of the FSAP. and sample documentation The objective of the sample handling procedures is to deliver representative samples to the laboratories for analysis. The objectives of the sample documentation procedures are to: (1) ensure complete analysis of the requested parameters within the required turnaround times; and (2) document the sample from the point of collection to the final data report. 7.1 ,-. Sampling Handling New polyethylene or glass bottles containing the proper preservatives will be provided by the laboratory for sample collection. In addition to the chemical preservatives, samples will be stored on ice at 4°C in a waterproof metal or sturdy plastic cooler, if required (see Tables 7-l through 7-2 for summaries of containers, preservation, and holding times for water and soil/sediment respectively). 7.2 Chain-of-Custody Procedures A sample is considered to be in an individual’s 0 possession if: It is in the sampler’s possession or it is in the sampler’s view after being i.n his or her possession; 0 It was in the sampler’s possession and then locked or sealed to prevent tampering; or l It is in a secure area. 7-1 TABLE7-1 SUMMARYOFCONTAINERS,PRESERVATION,ANDHOLDINGTIMESFORAQUEOUSSAMPLES Parameter Container Preservation Holding Time Two 40-ml vials with teflon septum caps Cool, 4°C HCl pH c2 14 days (7 days ifunpreserved) TCL Semivolatiles l-liter amber glass bottle with teflon caps Cool, 4°C 7 days to extraction; 40 days from extraction to analysis TCL Pesticides/PCBs l-liter amber glass bottle with teflon caps Cool, 4°C 7 days to extraction; 40 days after extraction for analysis TAL Metals l-500 ml polyethylene bottle HNOspH<2 6 months; Mercury 28 days TAL Cyanide l-liter polyethylene bottle NaOHpH>12 Cool, 4°C 14 days TCL Volatiles TOC TSS TDS I I I I I l-liter polyethylene bottle I Cool to 4% HCl or H2SO4 to pH < 2 I I 28 days l-liter polyethylene bottle I Cool, 4°C I 7 days l-liter polyethylene bottle 1 Cool, 4°C I 7 days BOD l-liter polyethylene bottle Cool, 4°C 48 hours COD l-liter polyethylene bottle Cool, 4°C H2SO4 pH <2 28 days TCL - Target Contaminant List TAL - Target Analyte List TOC - Total Organic Carbon TSS - Totai Suspended S0iids TVS - Total Volatile Solids TDS - Total Dissolved Solids BOD - Biological Oxygen Demand COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand TABLE7-2 SUMMARYOFCONTAMERS,PRESERVATION,ANDHOLDINGTIMESFOR SOILANDSEDIMENTSAMPLES . Parameter Container Preservation Holding Time TCL Volatiles Two 4-ounce wide-mouth glass jars Cool, 4°C 10 days (7 days ifunpreserved) TCL Semivolatiles One &ounce wide-mouth glass jar Cool, 4°C 7 days to extraction; 40 days from extraction to analysis TCL PesticidesIPCBs One S-ounce wide-mouth glass jar Cool, 4°C 7 days to extraction; 40 days after extraction for analysis TAL Metals One 8-ounce wide-mouth glass jar Cool, 4°C 6 months; Mercury, 28 days TAL Cyanide One S-ounce wide-mouth glass jar Cool, 4°C 14 days Total TCLP Two S-ounce wide-mouth glass jar 14 days Chloride One 4-ounce wide-mouth glass jar Cool, 4°C -_ 28 days Fluoride One 4-ounce wide-mouth glass jar None 28 days Alkalinity One 4-ounce wide-mouth glass jar Cool, 4°C 14 days rot One 4-ounce wide-mouth glass jar Cool, 4°C 28 days IPH One-4 ounce wide-mouth glass jar Cool, 4°C 28 days Sorrosivity One 4-ounce wide-mouth glass jar Cool, 4°C NA [gnitability One 4-ounce wide-mouth glass jar Cool, 4°C NA 1Reactivity . One 8-ounce wide-mouth glass jar Cool, 4°C NA NOTE: Samples to be tested for TCLP should undergo minimal disturbance prior to analysis. TOC -Total Organic Carbon TCL - Target Contaminant List TPH - Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons TAL - Target Analyte List TCLP - Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure Five kinds of documentation will be used in tracking and shipping the analytical samples: l Field log book; 0 Sample labels; 0 Chain-of-Custody (COC) records; 0 Custody seals; and 0 Commercial carrier airbills. At a minimum, the label for each sample bottle will contain the following information: l Site name; 0 Sample number; l Date and time of collection; 0 Sample type (grab or composite); 0 Matrix; and 0 Sampler’s initials. The sample information, as well as the analysis to be performed on the sample, will be entered in the field log book for each sampling point. Additionally, the following items will be entered: Dates and times of entry; Names of field personnel on site; Names of visitors on site; Field conditions; Description of activities; Sampling remarks and observations; QA/QC samples collected, List of photographs taken; and Sketch of site conditions. Custody of the samples will be maintained by field personnel from the time of sampling until the time they are forwarded to the analytical laboratory. The sample custody is documented using Chain-of-Custody (CO0 records. Field personnel will complete a COC record, in waterproof ink, to accompany each cooler forwarded from the site to the laboratory. Chemical reagents used to preserve the samples will be recorded on the 7-4 COC record. Any errors on the COC records will not be erased; instead, a line will be drawn through the error and initialed by the person completing the form. The original copy will be placed in a sealable plastic bag and put inside the appropriate cooler, secured to the cooler’s lid. If the sample cooler is to be shipped by commercial air carrier, the cooler must be secured with custody seals so that the seals would be broken if the cooler was opened. The commercial carrier is not required to sign the COC record as long as the custody seals remain intact and the COC record stays in the cooler. The only other documentation required is the completed airbill. If the sample shipment is hand delivered to the laboratory by field personnel or retrieved by laboratory personnel at the site, then the custody seals are not necessary. The laboratory sample custodian, or his/her designee accepting the sample shipment, whether it is from the air carrier or the field personnel, signs and dates the COC record upon sample receipt. The original COC record will be returned along with the final data report. The laboratory will be responsible for maintaining internal log books and records that provide a custody record during sample preparation and analysis. Laboratory Chain-of-Custody Procedures Upon sample receipt the steps below are performed. 0 Samples are received and unpacked in the laboratory where the staff checks for bottle integrity 0 (loose caps, broken bottles, etc.). Samples are verified with incoming paperwork (packing slip, etc.) by type of bottle and stabilizer. l Information The paperwork is either signed or initialed. concerning the sample (from the sampling record, Chain-of-Custody, and observation) is recorded along with parameters to be analyzed, date of sampling, and date the sample is received in the laboratory. l Samples are placed in an appropriate until analysis. 7-5 secured storage area, e.g. refrigeration, 0 When analysis is complete, samples are stored for a 30-day period unless otherwise specified. If collected samples arrive without Chain-of-Custody or incorrect Chain-of-Custody records, the following steps are taken: l The laboratory prepares a nonconformance form stating the problem; l The site supervisor and Project Manager are notified; and l If the missing information cannot be reconstructed by the Project Manager or field staff, the samples affected are removed from the sampling program. Primary considerations for sample storage are: l Secured storage; l Maintain prescribed temperature, if required, which is typically four degrees Celsius; and l Extract and/or analyze samples within the prescribed holding time for the parameters of interest. 7.3 Document Custody Procedures Project records are necessary to support the validity of the work, to allow it to be recreated if necessary, and to furnish documentary evidence of quality. The evident&y dependent upon the proper maintenance of quality and retrieval value of data is assurance records. Therefore, procedures are established to assure that all documents attesting to the validity of work are accounted for when the work is completed. Records are legible, tilled out completely, and adequately identified as to the item or activity involved. Records are considered valid only if initialed, and dated by authorized personnel. signed, or otherwise authenticated These records may either be originals or reproduced copies. Records submitted to the files, with the exception of correspondence, are bound, placed in folders or binders, or otherwise secured for filing. 7-6 Following receipt of information of reports or other transmittals, addition, records transmitted from external sources, completion of analyses, and issuance associated records are submitted to the proper file. In are adequately protected from damage and loss during transfer (e.g, hand carrying or making copies prior to shipment). The following documents will be transferred to the proper files during the course of this project: calculations and checkprints; reports and other data transmittals; copies of proposals, purchase orders for project services, and contracts; correspondence including incoming and outgoing letters, memoranda, and telephone records; and reference material. All individuals on the project staff are responsible for reporting obsolete or superseded project- related information to the Project Manager. In turn, the Project Manager notifies the project and laboratory staffs of the resulting status change in project documents, such as drawings and project procedures. In general, outdated drawings and other documents are marked “void.” However, the Project Manager may request the copies be destroyed. One copy of void documents is maintained in the project files with the reasons for, and date of voiding clearly indicated. Documents are marked “preliminary” to denote calculations and other material which have not been formally checked, or based on information contribute to final project information. 7-7 which has not been checked, or do not 8.0 CALIBRATION 8.1 Field Instruments PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY One field instrument will be used for health and safety monitoring: photoionizer. These instruments manufacturer’s instructions will be calibrated the HNu System portable on site daily in addition to the factory calibration according to the it will receive prior to the start of site sampling. The calibration standards will be recorded in the field log book. Specific procedures for the calibration of water quality instruments are given in Appendix A of this document. A pH meter and a conductivity samples. meter will be used to analyze groundwater and surface water Procedures from “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,” USEPA, SW-846, November 1986,3rd Edition will be used to calibrate these meters. Specific procedures for the calibration 8.2 of water quality instruments Laboratory are given in Appendix A of this document Instruments i-- The laboratory’s procedures for calibration and related quality control measures are .to be in accordance with the protocols presented in the following documents: l “Statement of Work for Organic Analysis,” USEPA, OLM01.6, June 1991; 0 “Statement of Work for Inorganic Analysis,” USEPA, ILMO2.0, March 1990; 0 “Methods for Organic Chemical AnaIysis of Municipal and Industrial Wastewater,” USEPA, July 1982; 0 “Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Waste,” USEPA, 1979, Revised March 1983; 0 “Environmental Pollutants,” 0 Protection Agency Regulations on Test Procedures for Analysis of USEPA, 40 CFR 136; “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,” USEPA, November 1986,3rd Edition; and 8-1 0 “Hazardous Waste Management System; Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; Toxicity Characteristics Revisions; Final Rule,” USEPA, 52 FR 26886. Formal calibration procedures are established to ensure that instrumentation used for sample analysis are accurately calibrated and properly functioning. apply to all instruments and equipment quantities. All calibrations and equipment These procedures are performed by laboratory personnel or external agencies using standard reference materials. All calibrations are recorded on in-house calibration forms or instrument vendor forms or in dedicated bound notebooks. The following data are recorded for all calibrations: target readings, actual readings, instrument identification the date, number, and the analyst’s initials. Other data may be recorded depending upon the calibration performed. Only properly calibrated and operating equipment and instrumentation and instrumentation not meeting the specified calibration are used. Equipment criteria are to be segregated from Such equipment is repaired and recalibrated active equipment whenever possible. before reuse. All equipment is uniquely identified, either by serial number or internal calibration to allow traceability between equipment and calibration records. number, Recognized procedures (ASTM, USEPA, or manufacturer’s procedures) are used for calibration whenever available. 8.2.1 Method Calibration Method calibration curves, tuning). is performed as part of the laboratory analytical Calibration procedure (calibration curves are prepared using five standards in graduated amounts across the appropriate range of analysis. New calibration curves are prepared whenever new reagents or standards are prepared or yearly, whichever is more frequent. 8.2.2 GUMS System Calibration This section outlines determination Procedure the requirements for the calibration of GCiMS systems for the of organic compounds. The following operations are performed in support of these requirements: 8-2 l Documentation of GClMS mass calibration and abundance pattern; l Documentation of CC/MS response factor stability; and l Internal standard response and retention time monitoring. Tuning and Mass Calibration It is necessary to establish that a given GC/MS system meets the standard mass spectral abundance criteria prior to initiating analysis of p-bromofluorobenzene phenylphosphine data collection. This is accomplished (BFB) for volatile compounds through the or decaflu.orotri- (DFTPP) for semivolatile compounds. The BFB or DFTPP criteria are met before any blanks, standards, or samples are analyzed. A GCYMS system used for organic compound analysis is tuned to meet the criteria specified for BFB analysis (volatile compounds) or DFTPP (semivolatile nanograms (ng) of BFB or DFTPP. blank analysis. subtraction, compounds) for an injection of 50 The analysis is performed separately from standard or These criteria are demonstrated every 12 hours of operation. if required, is straight background ions. Calibration forward documentation to eliminate Background column bleed or instrument is in the form of a bar graph spectrum and a mass listing. GC/MS &stem Calibration After tuning criteria initially have been met and prior to sample analysis, calibrated at five concentrations utilizing the linearity of response. Internal the GC/MS system is the compounds to be analyzed to determine and surrogate standards are used with each calibration standard. Standards are analyzed under the same conditions as the samples. l Relative Response Factor (RRF) Calculation - The USEPA specifies the internal standard to be used on a compound-by-compound basis for quantification. The relative response factor (RRF) is calculated for each compound at each concentration level. l Continuing volatile Calibration - A calibration compounds and surrogates performance calibration check is performed. check standard containing all semivolatile is run each 12 hours of analysis. The criteria 8-3 A system are the same as for the initial system performance check. A calibration percent difference is determined for each CCC. or check is also performed. The The percent Difference for each CCC must be less than or equal to 25.0 percent. The system performance check and calibration check criteria must be met before sample analysis can be performed. The continuing calibration 8.2.3 GC System Calibration is recorded on the continuing calibration forms. Procedure This section outlines the requirements for the calibration of GC systems for the determination of pesticides/PCBs. The following operations are performed in support of these requirements: Three types of analyses are used to verify performance. The analyses of instrument and the mid-point concentration the calibration and evaluate blanks, Performance Evaluation of the the individual instrument mixtures (PEMs), standard mixtures A and B constitute the continuing calibration. l It is necessary to establish resolution criteria by performing a Resolution Check Mixture where the depth of the valley of two adjacent peaks must be greater than or equal to 60.0 percent of the height of the shorter peak. l The breakdown of DDT and Endrin in both of the PEMs must be less than 20.0 percent and the combined breakdown of DDT and Endrin must be less than 30.0 percent. All peaks in both the Performance Evaluation Mixtures must be 100 percent resolved on both columns. l The absolute retention times of each of the single component pesticides and surrogates in both of the PEMs must be within the retention time windows determined from the three point initial calibration. l The relative percent difference of the calculated amount and the true amount for each of the single component pesticides and surrogates in both of the PEMs must be less than or equivalent to 25.0 percent. l At least one chromatogram concentrations of Individual between any two adjacent peaks in the midpoint Standard Mixtures A and B in the initial calibration be greater than or equal to 90 .Opercent. 8-4 must /---- 8.2.4 System Calibration Procedure The system must be calibrated daily for GC Purgable by external Halocarbons calibration. A minimum concentration levels, of each parameter, is used to prepare a calibration calibration and Aromatics of three curve. The working curve must be verified on each working day by the measurement of one or more calibration standards. If the response for any parameter varies from the predicted reslponse by more than plus or minus ten percent, the test must be repeated using a fresh cal.ibration standard. The laboratory must spike and analyze a minimum of ten percent of all samples to monitor continuing laboratory performance. Prior to analysis, the system must be demonstrated to be free from contamination, under the conditions of the analysis, by running a laboratory reagent blank. The retention time window used to make the identification should be based upon measurements of actual retention time variations of standards over the course of the day. If the response peak exceeds the working range of the system, prepare a dilution of the sample with reagent water and reanalyze. 8.2.5 System Calibration Procedure This section outlines the requirements Inductively for Metals Analysis for the calibration of atomic absorption Coupled Plasma (ICP) systems for the determination (AA) and of metals. The following are performed in support of these requirements: l Documentation of standard response; and 0 Correlation coefficient monitoring. The AA system utilized for direct aspiration technique analysis is initially calibration blank and five calibration as follows. ,-. calibrated with a standards. The standard concentrations are determined One standard is at a concentration near, but above, the MDL. The other concentrations correspond to the expected range of concentrations found in the actual samples. This five-point calibration is performed daily. 8-5 The AA system utilized for graphite furnace technique analysis is initially calibration blank and three calibration The standard standards. calibrated with a concentrations are determined as follows. One standard is at a concentration at the Contract Required Detection Limit (CRDL). The other concentrations correspond to the expected range of concentrations found in the actual samples. This three-point calibration is performed daily. For AA systems, the calibration standards are prepared fresh each time an analysis is to be performed and discarded after use. The standards contain the same reagents at the same concentrations as will result in the samples following preparation. The ICP system is calibrated initially This calibration linearity is performed daily. with a calibration In addition, blank and one calibration standard. ICP systems must undergo quarterly checks. Correlation Coefficient Calculation The data points of the blank and the five calibration standards are utilized to calculate the slope, the intercept, of the best fit line. correlation and the correlation coefficient coefficient must be achieved before sample analysis may begin. An acceptable An acceptable correlation coefficient is > 0.995 for AA analyses and > 0.995 for ICP analysis. Calibration Verification The initial calibration curve is verified on each working day by the measurement of one mid- range calibration standard. The calibration verification acceptance criterion is as follows: l ICEP/GFAA - 90 to 110 percent of true value; and l Cold Vapor AA - 80 to 120 percent of true value. When measurements exceed the control limits, corrected, the instrument the analysis is terminated, recalibrated, and the calibration reverified. 8-6 the problem 8.2.6 System Calibration Procedure for Inorganic Analyses This section outlines the requirements that are used for calibration of calorimetric systems for analyses of inorganic The following parameters. are performed in support of these standards. Standard requirements: l Documentation of standard response; and 0 Correlation coefficient monitoring. The system is initially calibrated with a blank and five calibration concentrations are one standard at a concentration near, but above, the MDL with additional concentrations corresponding to the expected range of concentrations found in actual samples. Standards contain the same reagents at the same concentrations as will be present in samples following preparation. Correlation Coefficient Calculation //---, Data points of the blank and five calibration standards are utilized to calculate slope, intercept, and correlation coefficient of a best fit line. An acceptable correlation coefficient is achieved before sample analysis may begin. An acceptable correlation coefficient is > 0.995 for all systems. Calibration Verification The initial calibration calibration standards. One standard is at a concentration near the low end of the calibration curve is verified on each working day by the measurement, of two curve and one standard is at the high end of the curve. The acceptance criteria for recovery of verification standards is within 15 percent of the expected recovery for cyanide analyses and 10 percent of the expected recovery for other inorganic analyses. When measurements exceed control limits, analysis is terminated, the problem is corrected, the instrument and calibration 8.2.7 ,,H”‘- Periodic is recalibrated, is reverified. Calibration Periodic calibration is performed on equipment calibrated as part of the analytical methodology. 8-7 required in analyses but not Equipment that falls within routinely this category includes ovens, refrigerators, and balances. The calibration is recorded either on specified forms or in bound notebooks. Discussed below are the equipment, the calibration and the frequency at which the calibration performed, is performed. l Balances are calibrated weekly with class S weights, l The pH Meter meter is calibrated daily with pH 4 and 7 buffer solutions and checked with pH 10 buffer solution. l The temperatures of the refrigerators are recorded daily. o All liquid in glass thermometers thermometer. l are calibrated annually with the N.B.S. certified Dial thermometers are calibrated quarterly. The N.B.S. Certtied Thermometer is checked annually at the ice point. The following equipment must maintain the following temperatures: l Sample Storage and Refrigerators - within 2 degrees of 4 degrees Celsius; and l Water Bath, Mercury - within 2 degrees of 95 degrees Celsius. 8-8 /I--, 9.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 9.1 Field Analysis An HNu PI-101 will be used to analyze ambient air for health and safety monitoring, as to screen soil during the soil sampling. instrument as well The HNu PI-101 detects total organic vapor. This will be operated in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The pH, temperature, and specific conductivity of aqueous samples also will be measured in the field. These analyses will be obtained in accordance with “Handbook for Sampling and Sample Preservation of Water and Wastewater,” September 1982, EPA/600/4-82-029. 9.2 Laboratory Analysis The samples that will be collected during the investigation will be analyzed for constituents listed in Table 9-l. Parameters will be analyzed using USEPA methods as noted in Table 9-l. Compounds and the corresponding method performance limits also are listed in Table 9-1 9-1 TABLE 9-1 METHOD Ethyl Benzene Stvrene Xylenes (total) PERFORMANCE LIMITS 5 5 5 5 5 (1) Contract Required Quantitation Limit, taken from “Statement of Work for Organic Analysis,” USEPA Contract Laboratory Program, OLM01.6, June 1991. 9-2 TABLE 9-1 (Continued) METHOD PERFORMANCE LIMITS Water CRQL(1) Q-lg/w Soil/Sediment CRQL(r) Wg~g) Semivolatiles Phenol 10 330 bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether 2-Chlorophenol 1,3-Dichlorobenzene 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Benzyl alcohol 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 10 10 10 10 10 10 330 330 330 330 330 330 Compound Method CLP protocols - sow 1991 (1) Contract Required Quantitation Limit, taken from “Statement of Work for Organic: Analysis,” USEPA Contract Laboratory Program, OLM01.6, June 1991. 9-3 TABLE 9-1 (Continued) METHOD PERFORMANCE LIMITS (1) Contract Required Quantitation Limit, taken from “Statement of Work for Organic Analysis,” USEPA Contract Laboratory Program, OLM01.6, June 1991. 9-4 TABLE 9-1 (Continued) METHOD PERFORMANCE LIMITS (1) Contract Required Quantitation Limit, taken from “Statement of Work for Organic Analysis,” USEPA Contract Laboratory Program, OLM01.6, June 1991. 9-5 TABLE 9-l (Continued) METHOD Analyte Method Number(l) Aluminum 200.7 Antimony 200.7 204.2 Arsenic 200.7 206.2 Barium 200.7 Beryllium 200.7 210.2 Cadmium 200.7 213.2 Calcium 200.7 215.1 Chromium 200.7 218.2 Cobalt 200.7 Copper PERFORMANCE CRDL(2) (PGJ LIMITS Method Description 200 Inductively Coupled Plasma 60 Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique 10 Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique 200 Inductively Coupled Plasma 5 Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique 5 Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique 5000 Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Absorption, Direct Aspiration 10 Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique 50 Inductively Coupled Plasma Inductively Coupled Plasma Inductively Coupled Plasma 25 200.7 Iron 200.7 Lead 100 3 200.7 239.2 Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique (1) Methods taken from “Statement of Work for Inorganic Analysis,” USEPA Contract Laboratory Program, ILM02.0, March 1990. (2) Contract Required Detection Limit. (3) Extraction method for arsenic, lead, selenium, and thallium taken from USEPA Method 3020, “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,” USEPA, November 1986, 3rd Edition. (4) Extraction method for all other metals taken from USEPA Method 3010, “Test, Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,” USEPA, November 1986,3rd Edition. 9-6 TABLE 9-1 (Continued) METHOD Analyte Magnesium Manganese Mercury Nickel Potassium Selenium Silver Sodium Thallium Vanadium Zinc Cyanide Method Number(l) 200.7 242.1 PERFORMANCE CRDLt2) o-%~) LIMITS Method Description 5000 Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Absorption, Direct Aspiration 15 200.7 Inductively Coupled Plasma 0.2 245.1 245.2 245.5 Water by manual cold vapor technique Water by automated cold vapor technique Soil/sediment by manual cold vapor technique 40 Inductively 200.7 Coupled Plasma 5000 200.7 258.1 Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Absorption, Direct Aspiration 5 Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique 200.7 270.2 10 Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique 200.7 272.2 5000 Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Absorption, Direct Aspiration 200.7 273.1 200.7 279.2 10 Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique 50 200.7 20 200.7 335.2 10 Inductively Coupled Plasma Inductively Coupled Plasma Titrimetric, Spectrophotometric (1) Methods taken from “Statement of Work for Inorganic Analysis,” USEPA Contract Laboratory Program, ILMO2.0, March 1990. (2) Contract Required Detection Limit. (3) Extraction method for arsenic, lead, selenium, and thallium taken from USEPA Method 3020, “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,” USEPA, November 1986, 3rd Edition. (4) Extraction method for all other metals taken from USEPA Method 3010, “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,” USEPA, November 1986,3rd Edition. 9-7 TABLE 9-1 (Continued) METHOD Parameter Pesticides Chlordane Endrin Heptachor (and its hydroxide) Lindane Methoxychlor Toxaphene Herbicides 2,4-D 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) Volatiles Benzene Carbon Tetrachloride Chlorobenzene Chloroform 1,2-Dichloroethane l,l-Dichloroethylene Methyl ethyl ketone Tetrachloroethylene Trichloroethylene Vinyl Chloride PERFORMANCE LIMITS Water PQL(1) h-wL) Soil PQL(1) ww 0.14 0.06 0.03 0.04 1.8 2.4 9.4 4.0 2.0) 2.7 120 160 EPA Method 8080 12 1.7 800 110 EPA Method 8150 5 5 5 5 5 5 N/A 10 5 5 5 5 5 N/A 5 5 10 EPA Method 8240 5 5 10 Method - (1) Practical Quantitation Limit taken from “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,” USEPA, November 1986. N/A - Not Applicable Note: These methods will be used to analyze the Toxicity Characteristic Leading Procedure (TCLP) extract. The extract will be prepared using Method 1311, described in “Hazardous Waste Management System; Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; Toxicity Characteristics Revisions; Final Rule,” USEPA, 52FR 26886. 9-8 TABLE 9-1 (Continued) METHOD Parameter Semivolatiles o-Cresol m-Cresol p-Cresol Cresol 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 2,4-Dinitrotoluene Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobutadiene Hexachloroethane Nitrobenzene Pentachlorophenol Pyridine 2,4,5-tiichlorophenol 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol PERFORMANCE LIMITS Water PQL(rJ (I.lg/L) Soil PQL(L) hw-k) 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 50 50 10 10 660 660 660 660 660 660 660 660 660 660 3300 660 660 660 Method EPA Method 8270 (1) Practical Quantitation Limit taken from “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,” USEPA, November 1986. Note: These methods will be used to analyze the Toxicity Characteristic Leading Procedure (TCLP) extract. The extract will be prepared using Method 1311, described in “Hazardous Waste Management System; Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; Toxicity Characteristics Revisions; Final Rule,” USEPA, 52FR 26886. 9-9 TABLE 9-1 (Continued) METHOD Soil PQL(1) Water PQL(v km Analyte 10 30 Barium Cadmium 20 1 1 2 Chromium 20 4 Lead 10 2 Mercury 2 0.002 Selenium Silver 2o LIMITS Method Method Description 6010 7060 6010 6010 7131 6010 7191 Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique Inductively Coupled Plasma Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique Water by manual cold vapor technique Water by automated cold vapor technique Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Absorption, Furnace Technique- (mgflrg) Metals Arsenic I PERFORMANCE I 4o 6010 7421 7470 6010 7740 6010 7760 (1) Practical Quantitation Limit, taken from “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,” USEPA, November 1986. Note: These methods will be used to analyze the Toxicity Characteristic Leading Procedure (TCLP) extract. The extract will be prepared using Method 1311, described in “Hazardous Waste Management System; Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; Toxicity Characteristics Revisions; Final Rule,” USEPA, 52FR 26886. 9-10 TABLE 9-l (Continued) METHOD Parameter RCRA Soil pHKorrosivity Ignitability Reactive Cyanide Reactive Sulfide Engineerinp/FS Parameters Ammonium Nitrogen Sulfate Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Total Volatile Solids (TVS) Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) Chloride Alkalinity (Total) Nitrogen, Organic (as N) Total Fluoride Particle Size Distribution Microbial Count Atterberg Limits Total Phosphorus PERFORMANCE LIMITS Water PQL Soil PQL Method N/A N/A N/A 10 mg/L(l) 50 mg/L(l) N/A 10 mg/lq$) 50 mglkg SW 9045 SW 1010 SW 9012 SW 9030 N/A 15 mg/L(2) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 35 mg/L N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 15 mg/kg’2’ N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 65 mgtkg N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A EPA 160.1 EPA 160.4 EPA 415.1 EPA 503013550 SW9251 SM 2320-B EPA 351.3 EPA 340.2 ASTM D422 N/A N/A NtA N/A N/A SM 907 ASTM D-4943-89 EPA 365.2 N/A EPA EPA EPA EPA EPA 350.2 375.1 410.1 405.1160.2 (1) Practical Quantitation Limit taken from “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,” USEPA, November 1986. (2) Method Detection Limit taken from “Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes,” USEPA, 1979, Revised March 1983. N/A - Not Applicable 9-11 /“m 10.0 DATA REDUCTION, 10.1 Field Data Procedures VALIDATION AND REPORTING Data validation practices as described by “Laboratory Data Validation for Evaluating Functional Functional Inorganic Analyses,” USEPA, June 1988, and “Laboratory Guidelines for Evaluating Guidelines Data Validation Organic Analyses - Draft,” USEPA, June 1991 will be followed to insure that raw data are not altered and that an audit trail is developed for those data which require reduction. The documentation bound field log books in which all information ink. Appropriate information of sample collection will include th.e use of on sample collection will be entered in i:ndelible will be entered to reconstruct the sampling event, including: site name (top of each page), sample identification, brief description of sample, date and time of collection, sampling methodology, field measurements and observations, and sa.mpler’s initials (bottom of each page, and dated). A rigorous data control program will insure that all documents for the investigations are accounted for when they are completed. Accountable documents include items such as log books, field data records, correspondence, chain-of-custody records, analytical reports, data packages, photographs, computer disks, and reports. The project manager is responsible for maintaining a project file in which all accountable documents will be inventoried. The project records will be retained for a period of three years after project close-out; then the files will be forwarded to the Navy. All the field data, such as those generated during field measurements, observations and field instrument calibrations, will be entered directly into a bound field notebook. team member will be responsible for proofing all data transfers Each project made, and the Project Manager or his designee will proof at least ten percent of all data transfers. 10.2 Laboratory Data Procedures The following procedures summarize the practices routinely reduction, validation, and reporting. used by laboratory staff for data Numerical analyses, including manual calculations, are documented and subjected to quality control review. Records of numerical analyses are legible and complete enough to permit reconstruction of the work by a qualified individual the originator. 10-l other than Laboratory Data Validation Data validation begins with data reduction and continues through to the reporting of data. Data processing is checked by an individual other than the analyst who performed the data processing. The checker reviews the data for the following: l Utilization of the proper equations; 0 Correctness of numerical input; l Correctness of computations; and l Correct interpretation of raw data (chromatographs, strip charts, etc.). The checking process is thorough enough to verify the results. All entries made in benchbooks, data sheets, computation sheets, input sheets, etc. are made in ink. No entry will be rendered unreadable. Analytical Reports The items listed below are required of analytical reports. l Data is presented in a tabular format. l Analytical a The following information reports are approved by appropriate laboratory personnel. is included on the report: client name and address, report date, sample date, analysis dates, number of samples, purchase order number, project number, and project type. All pages are numbered. l The sample numbers and corresponding laboratory numbers are identified. l The parameters analyzed, report units, and values are identified. l Method, trip, and field blank results are reported. l Matrix spike, matrix spike duplicate, and replicate recoveries are reported. 10-2 l Calibration summaries are reported. l Surrogate recoveries are reported. l Holding times and sample analysis dates are reported. l The detection limit of the procedure is identified. l Consistent significant figures are used. l Referenced footnotes are used when applicable. l A letter of transmittal accompanies the report if any anomalies are associated with the data. The letter specifies these anomalies. LO-3 11.0 INTERNAL 11.1 Field Internal Field internal quality QUALITY Quality CONTROL Control CHECKS Checks control checks to be used during this investigation duplicates, equipment rinsates, field blanks, and trip blanks. include field The results from the field quality control samples will be used by the data validator to determine the overall quality of the data. 11.2 Types of QC Samples Documentation of the analyses of the following types of QC samples is maintained in the laboratory bench notebooks and/or the specific client or project files. Field Duplicates Duplicates for soil samples are collected, homogenized, and split. All samples except VOCs are I”-- homogenized, and split. Volatiles are not mixed, but select segments of the soil are taken from the length of the core and placed in 40 ml glass vials. Cores may be sealed and shipped to the laboratory for subsampling if the project deems this appropriate. samples should be collected simultaneously. Field duplicates The duplicate for water should be collected at a frequency of 10% per sample matrix for levels IV and III. All the duplicates should be sent to the primary laboratory responsible for analysis. shall be split by the laboratory The same samples used for field duplicates and used by the laboratory as the laboratory duplicate or matrix spike. This means that for the duplicate sample, there will be analyses of the normal sample, the field duplicate, and the laboratory matrix spike/duplicate. Equipment Rinsates Equipment rinsates are the final organic-free deionized water rinse from equipment cleaning collected daily during a sampling event. Initially, samples from every other day should be analyzed. If analytes pertinent to the project are found in the rinsate, the remaining samples must be analyzed. The results of the blanks will be used to flag or assess levels of analytes in the samples. This comparison is made during validation. !“- same parameters as the related samples. 11-1 The rinsates are analyzeld for the P”--’ I Field Blanks Field blanks consist of the source water used in decontamination, steam cleaning, and drilling. At a minimum, one field blank from each vent and each source of water must be collected and analyzed for the same parameters as the related samples. Organic-free deionized water is taken to the field in sealed containers and poured into the appropriate sample containers at predesignated locations. This is done to determine if any contaminants present in the area may have an affect on the sample integrity. Trip Blank Analysis of trip blanks is performed to monitor possible contamination collection of samples. Trip blanks are initiated in the laboratory during shipment and prior to the shipping of sample packs. A corresponding trip blank is prepared for each set of samples to be analyzed for volatile organic compounds. Trip blank samples are prepared by adding four drops of concentrated hydrochloric .,>J--. ( acid and then tilling the container with organic-free deionized water (ASTM Type II). The trip blanks accompany the samples through shipment to the sample site, sample collection, shipment to the laboratory, and storage of the samples. If the analyses indicate contamination of the trip blank, the sample sources may be resampled. If the extent and nature of the contamination does not warrant such actions, the data will be accepted as valid. Method Blank Analysis of method blanks is performed contamination to verify that method interferences caused by in reagents, glassware, solvents, etc. are minimized and known. Method blanks are initiated by the analyst prior to the preparation and/or analysis of the sample set. A method blank consists of a volume of organic-free deionized water equal to the sample volume which is carried through the entire analytical procedure. For solid samples to be analyzed by GUMS, the method blank consists of a purified solid matrix approximately equal to the sample weight. A method blank is analyzed with each set of samples or at the very least, daily. If the analytical data of the method blank indicates excessive contamination, 11-z the source of contaminant will be determined, The samples may be re-analyzed or the data may be processed as is depending upon the nature and extent of the contamination. Replicate Sample Analysis Replicate sample analysis is performed to demonstrate the precision interlaboratory replicate sample is initiated carried through the entire analytical of an analysis. An by the analyst prior to sample preparation and procedure. The frequency of inter-laboratory replicate analysis for each analyte is summarized in Table 11-l. Spike Analysis Spike analysis is performed to demonstrate the accuracy of an analysis. The analyst initiates the spike prior to sample preparation and analysis by adding a known amount of analyte(s) to a sample. The spike sample is carried through the entire analytical procedure. The frequency of spike analysis for each analyte(s) is summarized in Table 11-l. TABLE QC ANALYSIS 11-l FREQUENCY Parameter Replicate Spike Organic All analyses by GUMS All analyses by GC 5% 5% 5% 5% Metals Liquids by flame AA or ICP Solids by flame AA or ICP All analyses by furnace AA 5% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% ~General Chemistry Cyanide Nitrate Sulfide 11-3 Surrogate Standards Surrogate standard analysis is performed to monitor the preparation and analyses of samples. All samples and blanks analyzed by GUMS are fortified with a surrogate spiking solution prior to extraction or purging. Internal Standards Internal standard analyses are performed to monitor system stability. Prior to injection or purging, internal standards are added to all blanks and samples analyzed by GC/MS (refer to Section 5.1.1.). Matrix Spikes and Matrix Spike Duplicates A matrix spike is an aliquot of a matrix (water or soil) fortified (spiked) with known quantities of specific compounds and subjected to the entire analytical appropriateness of the method for the matrix procedure in order to indicate the by measuring recovery. A matrix spike duplicate is a second aliquot of the same matrix as the matrix spike that is spiked in order to determine the precision of the method. A matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate will be performed at a frequency of 1 per 20 samples for organics. 11.3 Laboratorv Control Limits Control limits are established for QC checks (spikes, duplicates, blanks, etc.). CLP control limits for surrogate standards spikes, and duplicates associated with CC/MS analyses and Pesticide/PCB analyses are adopted. samples are determined internally Control limits for spikes, duplicates, and reference through statistical analysis. Whenever an out-of-control situation occurs, the cause is determined. actions are taken. 11-i Any needed corrective Method Blanks For metals analyses, the criteria below are used for method blank analysis. l If the concentration of the method blank is less than or equal to the detection level, no correction of sample results is performed. l If the concentration of the blank is above the detection level for any group of samples associated with a particular blank, the concentration of the sample with the least concentrated analyte must be ten times the blank concentration. Otherwise, all samples associated with the blank and less than ten times the blank concentration must be redigested (reprepared) and reanalyzed, if possible. If the affected samples cannot be reprepared and reanalyzed within method holding times, the flagged sample result and the blank result are both to be reported. The sample value is not corrected for the blank value. For GC/MS, GC analyses, the criteria below are used for method blank analysis. l A method blank for volatiles analysis must contain no greater than five times the detection limit of common laboratory solvents (common laboratory solvents are: methylene chloride, acetone, toluene, 2-butanone, and chloroform). l A method blank for semivolatiles analysis must contain no greater than five times the detection limit of common phthalate esters. l For all other compounds not listed above, the method blank must contain less than the detection limit of any single compound. If a method blank exceeds the criteria, the analytical system is considered to be out of control. The source of the contamination investigated is and appropriate corrective measures are taken and documented before sample analysis proceeds. All samples processed with a method blank that is out of control (i.e., contaminated), are reextracted/repurged If the affected samples cannot be reextractedirepurged and reanalyzed, when possible. and reanalyzed within method holding times, the flagged sample result and the blank result are both to be reported. The sample value is not corrected for the blank value. 11-5 l No positive result for pesticides/PCBs should be reported unless the concentration of the compound exceeds five times the amount in the blank. l A method blank for pesticides/PCBs must contain no greater than five times the detection limit for any pesticides/PCBs. Surrogate Standards For method blank surrogate standard analysis, corrective action is taken if any one of the conditions below exist. l Recovery of any one surrogate compound in the volatile fraction is outside the required surrogate standard recovery limit. l Recovery of any one surrogate compound in the semivolatile fraction is outside surrogate standard recovery limits. Corrective action will include steps listed below. l A check of: the calculations for errors; the internal solutions for degradation, contamination, l Recalculation or reinjectiomrepurging standard and surrogate spiking etc.; and instrument performance. of the blank or extract if the above corrective actions fail to solve the problem. l Reextraction and reanalysis of the blank. For sample surrogate standard analysis, corrective action is taken if any one of the following conditions exist: ) Recovery of any one surrogate compounds in the volatile fraction is outside the surrogate spike recovery limits; ) Recovery of any one surrogate compound in either semivolatile fr.action is below ten percent; or ) Recoveries of two or more surrogate compounds in either semivolatile fraction are outside surrogate spike recovery limits. 11-6 Corrective action will include the steps listed below. a A check of: the calculations for errors; of the internal solutions for degradation, contamination, l standard and surrogate spiking etc.; and of instrument performance. Recalculating or reanalysis the sample or extract if the above corrective action fails to solve the problem. l 11.4 Reextraction and reanalysis of the sample if none of the above are a problem. Quality Assurance Review of Reports, Plans, and Specifications Prior to issuance of a final report, it is reviewed by senior-level Manager, or a designated representative. l program staff, the Project This review addresses whether: The report satisfies the scope of work, client requirements, and pertinent regulatory requirements; l Assumptions are clearly stated, justified, and documented; l A reference is cited for any information utilized in report preparation that was originated outside the project; l The report correctly and accurately presents the results obtained by the work; l The tables and figures presented in the report are prepared, checked, and approved according to requirements; l The report figures are signed and dated by the appropriate members of the project staff and project management; and l The typed report has been proofread and punctuation, spelling are correct. 11-7 grammar, capitalization, and 11.5 Laboratory Quality Assurance Field Quality Assurance Four types of field quality laboratory: assurance/quality control samples will be submitted trip blanks, equipment rinsates, field blanks, and field duplicates. to the A breakdown by type of sample with which the QA/QC samples will be submitted to the laboratories is given in Table 11-2. A summary of the number of environmental and QAIQC samples to be submitted for analysis is given in the FSAP. TABLE QA/QC SAMPLE 11-2 FREQUENCY Organic Metal Type of Sample Trip Blank (for volatiles only) NA( 1) One per cooler or one per shipping day Equipment Rinsate(2) One per day One per day Field Blank One per source per eventPI Field Duplicate(8 (1) I 10% I 10% I Not Applicable (2) Samples are collected daily; however, only samples from every other day are analyzed. Other samples are held and analyzed only if evidence of contamination exists. (3) Source water includes water used in decontamination, (4) The duplicate must be taken from the same sample which will become the laboratory matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate for organics or for the sample used as a duplicate in inorganic analysis. 11-S steam cleaning, and drilling. ,fi. 12.0 PERFORMANCE AND SYSTEM AUDITS A field audit will be conducted during the field investigation performed according to the plan. completion of the audit. to verify that sampling is being A report will be submitted within Serious deficiencies will be reported within 30 calendar days of 24 hours of th,e time of discovery of the deficiency, including actions taken or to be taken to correct such deficiencies. The following table (Table 12-l) is used for audits. At the appropriate Manager or Program QA/QC designee will conduct field audits. ,/--\ 12-1 time, the Project TABLE 12-l SYSTEM AUDIT CHECKLIST - FIELD OPERATIONS Project No. Date Project Name & Location Name & Signature of Auditor Team Members Name & Signature of Field Team Yes No 1. Is there a set of accountable field documents checked out to the Site Manager? Comments: Yes No- 2. Is the transfer of field operations from the Site Manager to field participants documented in a log book? Comments: Yes No.----- 3. Is there a written descriptions? Comments: Yes No----- 4. Are samples collected as stated in the project plan or as directed by the Site Manager? Comments: Yes No-----. 5. Are samples collected in the type of container specified in the project plan or as directed by the Site Manager? Comments: Yes No- 6. Are samples preserved as specified in the project plan or as directed by the Site Manager? Comments: 12-2 list of sampling locations and TABLE 12-1 SYSTEM AUDIT CHECKLIST PAGE TWO - FIELD OPERATIONS Yes No----- 7. Are the number, frequency and type of samples collected as specified in the project plan or as directed by tlhe Site Manager? Comments: Yes No---- 8. Are the number, frequency and type of measurements taken as specified in the project plan or as directed1 by the Site Manager? Comments: Yes No- 9. Are samples identified with sample labels? Comments: Yes No- 10. Are blank and duplicate samples properly identified? Comments: Yes No- 11. Are sample and serial numbers for samples split with other organizations recorded in a log book or on a clhain-ofcustody record? Comments: Yes No---- 12. Are samples listed on a chain-of-custody record? Comments: Yes No- 13. Is chain-of-custody documented and maintained? Comments: Yes No----- 14. Are quality assurance checks performed as directed‘? Comments: 12-3 TABLE 12-1 SYSTEM AUDIT CHECKLIST PAGE THREE - FIELD OPERATIONS Yes NO- 15. Are photographs documented in logbooks as required? Comments: Yes No- 16. Are all documents accounted for? Comments: Yes No---- 17. Have any documents been voided or destroyed? Comme&s: 12-4 ,6--- _ 13.0 PREVENTIVE 13.1 Field Maintenance MAINTENANCE The HNu PI-101 is to be used in site characterization the manufacturer’s instructions. and will be maintained as described by The pH and specific conductance meters to be used1during sampling will be maintained according to Appendix A, Field Water Quality Instruments. 13.2 Laboratory Preventive Maintenance maintenance is an organized program of actions to prevent equipment from failing during use and to maintain instruments and proper performance of equipm.ent and instruments. A comprehensive preventive maintenance program is implemented to increase the reliability of the measurement system. The preventive maintenance program addresses the following: l Schedules of important preventive maintenance tasks that are carried out to minimize downtime; and rl Lists of critical spare parts that are available to minimize downtime. The laboratory Trouble maintains shooting, Instruments histories, in instrument/equipment maintenance, and equipment described in individual and spare parts inventory are maintained analytical logs, of all major equipment. periodically methods, manufacturer’s are recorded in the logs. in accordance with procedures recommendation, and/o:r service contracts. The modern analytical laboratory depends heavily upon instrumentation and equipment; therefore, cleaning and preventive maintenance are primary considerations in the sustained production of satisfactory instrumentation data. Specific requirements for proper care of laboratory and equipment are contained in the manufacturer’s instructions; however, some general guidelines are considered, and are listed below. l Special precautions are taken to avoid spillage of corrosive chemicals on or around equipment and instrumentation not only to extend the life of the item, but also to eliminate contamination. 13-1 l Where available, covers are placed on instrumentation l Instrument parts are cleaned as required (i.e., mirrors, probes, detector cells). 13-2 when not in use. /,.“v”. 14.0 DATA MEASUREMENT 14.1 Overall Project Assessment Overall data quality ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES will be assessed by a thorough understanding of the data quality objectives which are stated during the design phase of the investigation. By maintaining thorough documentation of all decisions made during each phase of sampling, performing field and laboratory audits, thoroughly reviewing the analytical laboratory, and providing data as they are generated by the appropriate feedback as problems arise in the field 01: at the laboratory, data accuracy, precision, and completeness will be closely monitored. 14.2 Field Quality Assessment To assure that all field data are collected accurately and correctly, specific written inst:ructions will be issued to all personnel involved in field data acquisition by the Project Manager. Project Manager will perform field audit(s) during the investigation to document that the appropriate procedures are being followed with respect to sample (and blank) / -- The collection. These audits will include a thorough review of the field books used by the project personnel to insure that all tasks were performed as specified in the instructions. The field audits will necessarily enable the data quality to be assessed with regard to the field operations. The evaluation (data review) of field blanks, and other field QC samples will provide definitive indications of the data quality. If a problem that can be isolated arises, corrective actions can be instituted for future field efforts. 14.3 Laboratory Data Quality As part of the analytical Assessment QA/QC program, the laboratory applies precision and accuracy criteria for each parameter that is analyzed. When analysis of a sample set is completed, QC data generated are reviewed and evaluated to ensure acceptance criteria are met. These criteria are method and matrix specific. QA.tQC data review is based on the following criteria: l Method Blank Evaluation characteristic - The method blank results are evaluated for high readings of background contamination. 14-l If high blank values are observed, laboratory glassware and reagents are checked for contamination ,J--- future samples halted until the system can be brought and the an.alysis of under control. A high background is defined as a background value sufficient to result in a difference in the sample values, if not corrected, greater than or equal to the smallest significant known to be valid. digit A method blank must contain no greater than two times the parameter detection limit for most parameters. l Trin Blank Evaluation - Trip blank results are evaluated for high readings similar to the method blanks described above. If high trip blank readings are encountered (i.e. a value sufficient to result in a difference in sample values, if not corrected, greater than or equal to the smallest significant digit known to be valid), procedures for sample collection, shipment, and laboratory analysis are reviewed. If both the method. and the trip blanks exhibit significant background contamination, is probably within the laboratory. the source of contamination Ambient air in the laboratory and reagents are checked as possible sources of contamination. l Standard calibration “*. Calibration Curve Verification - The calibration curve or midpoint standard (check standard) is evaluated daily to determine curve hnearity through its full range and that sample values are within the range defined by the low and high standards. If the curve is not linear, sample values are corrected. If average response factors are used to calculate sample concentrations, these factors are verified on a daily basis. accomplished Verification of calibration when the evaluated curves and response response for any parameter factors is varies from the calibrated response by less than ranges specified in Section 7.0. l Duplicate Sample Analyses - Duplicate sample analyses are used to determine the precision of the analytical method for the sample matrix. Two types of duplicate samples are analyzed for this project, field, and interlaboratory. Duplicate results are used to calculate precision as defined by the RPD. If interlaboratory duplicate values exceeds the control limit, the sample set are reanalyzed for the parameter in question. Precision limits are updated periodically following review of data. l Reference Samnle Analvses - The results of reference sample analysis are compared with true values, and the percent recovery of the reference sample is calculated. If correction is required (excessive or inadequate percent recovery), the reference sample is reanalyzed to demonstrate that the corrective action has been successful. 14-2 l Surrogate Standard Analyses - Surrogate standard determinations are performed on all samples and blanks for GUMS analyses. All samples and blanks are fortitied with surrogate spiking compounds before purging or extraction to monitor preparation and analysis of samples. Recoveries must meet specific criteria. If acceptance criteria are not met, corrective action is taken to correct the problem and the affected sample is reanalyzed. l Matrix Spike Analyses - The observed recovery of spike versus theoretical1 spike recovery is used to calculate accuracy as defined by the percent recovery. If the accuracy value exceeds the control limit for the given parameter, the appropriate laboratory personnel notified and corrective action is taken before the sample set is reanalyzed for the parameter in question. For completeness, it is expected that the methodology proposed for chemical characterization of the samples will meet QC acceptance criteria for at least 95 percent of all sample data. To ensure this completeness goal, sample data that does not meet the established criteria1 will be recollected, reextracted, or reanalyzed. Data representativeness will be ensured through the use of appropriate analytical procedures, and analysis of samples performed within the allowed holding times. Comparability is a qualitative characteristic of the data. By using standard methods for sampling and analyses, data generated in past or future investigations with this investigation 14.4 Laboratory will be comparable data. Data Validation Review of analyses will be performed. A preliminary review will be performed by the project manager to verify all necessary paperwork (e.g., chain-of-custodies, traffic reports, analytical reports, and laboratory personnel signatures) and deliverables are present. A detailed, quality assurance review will qualitative be performed and quantitative reliability detailed review and interpretation by a data validation of the data presented. subcontractor established criteria, and professional judgment. 14-3 the This review will include of all data generated by the laboratory. which will be used by experienced data validation to verify a The primary tools personnel will be guidance documents, A quality assurance report stating the qualitative and quantitative reliability of the analytical data will be prepared for NEESA. This report will consist of a general introduction section, followed by qualifying analytical statements that should be taken into consideration results to be best utilized. The report will for the reference NEESA 20.2-047B for applicable guidance, format, and standards. During the data review, a data support documentation package will be prepared which will provide the back-up information that will accompany all qualifying quality assurance review. 14-4 statements present in the 15.0 CORRECTIVE ACTION Corrective action is taken whenever a nonconformance occurs. A nonconformance is defined as an event which is beyond the limits established for a particular Nonconformances can occur in a number of activities. procedures, sample receipt, sample storage, operation by the plan. Such activities sample analysis, include sampling data reporting, and computations, The following personnel are responsible for detecting and reporting nonconformances: l Project Staff - during testing and preparation and verification of numerical analyses; and l Laboratory Staff - during the preparation for analyses, performance of analytical procedures, calibration of equipment, and quality control activities. 15.1 Corrective Action Nonconformances are documented by the person originating or identifying it. Documentation includes the following: l Identification of the individual(s) l Description of the nonconformance; l Any required approval signatures (initials); l Corrective action taken; and a Corrective action completion date. The NEESA contract representative originating or identifying the nonconformance; (NCR), along with the contract project director. will be notified of a nonconformance and corrective action taken, if one of the following is true: l A nonconformance causes a delay in work beyond the schedule completion date; l A nonconformance affects information l A nonconformance affects the validity of the data. already reported; and 15-1 15.2 Limits of Operation The limits of operation that are used to identify nonconformances are established contents of the plan and by control limits produced by statistical analyses. 15-2 by the 16.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORTING PROCEDURES The Project Manager will be responsible for assessing the performance systems and data quality related to the field investigation. maintained of laboratory of: the results A written QC reports and other periodic of measurement record will be assessments of measurement, data accuracy, precision, and completeness; performance and system. audits; and any significant QA problems and recommended solutions. Each deliverable will contain a QAIQC assessment section. Also, a QAIQC assessment will be performed any time a significant problem is identified. The Project Manager will keep in contact with the Navy Engineer-in-Charge through informal, verbal reports during the project as well as through monthly progress reports. 16-1 . APPENDIX FIELD WATER QUALITY A. Calibration Activity Field and Preventive A INSTRUMENTS Maintenance Before Site Visit meters to be used conductance/thermistor during sampling, specifically the pH and specific meters will be checked against the contractor laboratory meters to insure proper calibration and precision response. Thermometers will be checked against a precision thermometer certified by the National Bureau of Standards. These activities will be performed by the contractor laboratory manager. In addition, buffer solutions and standard KC1 solutions to be used to field calibrate the pH and conductivity meters will be laboratory tested to insure accuracy. The preparation date of standard solutions will be clearly :marked on each of the containers to be taken into the field. A log which documents problems experienced with the instrument, corrective measures taken, battery replacement dateis, when used and by whom for each meter and thermometer will be maintained by the contractor’s laboratory manager. Appropriate new batteries will be purchased and kept with the m,eters to facilitate immediate replacement, when necessary in the field. All equipment to be utilized during the field sampling will be examined to certify that it is in operating condition. instructions This includes checking the manufacturer’s with each instrument operating manuals and the to ensure that all maintenance items are being observed. A spare electrode will be sent with each pH meter that is to be used for field measurements. Two thermometers will be sent to each field site where measurement of temperature including those sites where a specific conductance/thermistor Activity is required, meter is required. at Site The pH meter must be calibrated a minimum of twice each day using at least two different pH buffer solutions expected to bracket the pH range of field samples. Rinse the probe thoroughly between buffer measurements with distilled water and again after calibration is completed. Record in the field log book what buffer solutions were used. When the meter is moved, check pH reading by measuring the pH value of the buffer solution closest to the expected range of the sample. If the reading deviates from the known value by more than 0.1 standard units, A-l recalibrate the instrument as described above. If unacceptable deviations still occur, consult the operating manual for remedial course of action. The specific conductance/thermistor meter is less likely to exhibit random fluctuations and will only require daily checks against a known KC1 solution, which should be chosen to be within the expected conductivity range. Note that specific conductance is temperature- dependent and, therefore, the meter readings must be adjusted to reflect the temperature of the standard solution. Thoroughly rinse the probe with distilled water after immersing in KC1 standard solution. In addition to daily checks of the conductivity readings, the thermistor readings must also be checked daily. This is accomplished by taking a temperature reading of the KC1 standard solution with both the conductivity Before use, visually column. probe and a mercury thermometer. inspect the thermometer to assure there is no break in the mercury If there is a break, visually inspect the spare thermometer. If both thermometers have a break in the mercury, neither can be used until the break is corrected. This may be done by cooling the bulb until the mercury is all contained in the bulb. 33. Analytical Methods All field measurements will be obtained in accordance with “Handbook for Sampling and Sample Preservation of Water and Wastewater,” EPA-600/4-82-029, September 1982 or “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes,” SW-846, November 1986. The quality procedures for field analysis and equipment are detailed in these documents cited. A-2 assurance
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