APPLICATION NOTE

Atmel AT02602: Migration from AT86RF231 to AT86RF233

Atmel MCU Wireless

Description

This application note is a guide to assist users of Atmel ® AT86RF231 GHz transceiver in converting designs to Atmel AT86RF233. For complete transceiver details, always refer to the most recent version of the AT86RF233 datasheet

[2] .

Errata differences between AT86RF231 and AT86RF233 are not listed in this document refer individual datasheet

[2] [6]

for more details.

AT86RF233 transceiver support is available in Atmel Software Framework version

3.7.3 and above [4]

.

In addition to the migration details, this document also highlights the enhanced features of AT86RF233 transceiver.

Features

•

Hardware consideration while migrating to Atmel AT86RF233

•

Firmware consideration while migrating to AT86RF233

•

Enhanced features of AT86RF233:

• Reduced Power Consumption Mode

• Time-Of-Flight Module (TOM)

• Phase Difference Measurement

• Extended Operating Mode State Transition

• Data Retention after SLEEP State

• RF Channel Selection

• Manual Filter Tuning (FTN)

• Frame Buffer Read Access

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Table of Contents

1.  Migration from Atmel AT86RF231 to AT86RF233 ............................... 3 

1.1

  Hardware Considerations .................................................................................. 3  

1.1.1

1.1.2

1.1.3

1.1.4

  Balun Selection ................................................................................... 3  

  Bypass Capacitor ................................................................................ 3  

  PAD_IO and PAD_IO_CLKM .............................................................. 3  

  PA_BUF_LT and PA_LT ..................................................................... 3  

1.2

  Software Considerations ................................................................................... 4  

1.2.1

  Basic Operating Modes ....................................................................... 4  

1.2.1.1

  Migrating RX_ON_NOCLK to RX_ON State ..................... 4  

1.2.1.2

  Migrating SLEEP to DEEP_SLEEP State ......................... 5  

1.2.2

  Extended Operating Mode .................................................................. 6  

1.2.2.1

  Migration of RX_ AACK_ON_NOCLK State to

RX_AACK_ON .................................................................. 6  

1.2.3

  Improved State Transition Timing ....................................................... 8  

1.2.4

1.2.5

1.2.6

1.2.7

1.2.8

1.2.9

  Part Number and Version Number ...................................................... 8  

  Drive Strength of Digital Pins .............................................................. 8  

  Renamed Registers and Bit Fields ..................................................... 9  

  Digital Interface Timing Specifications ................................................ 9  

Internal PA Buffer Lead Time and Internal PA Lead Time .................. 9

Active Bits Modified To Reserved Bits ................................................ 9

1.2.10

  Register Reset Values ...................................................................... 10  

2.  Enhanced Features of AT86RF233 ................................................... 11 

2.1

  Reduced Power Consumption Mode ............................................................... 11  

2.2

  Time-Of-Flight Module (TOM) ......................................................................... 11  

2.3

  Phase Difference Measurement ...................................................................... 11  

2.4

  Extended Operating Mode State Transition .................................................... 11  

2.5

  Data Retention after SLEEP State .................................................................. 12  

2.6

  RF Channel Selection ..................................................................................... 12  

2.7

  Frame Buffer Read Access ............................................................................. 13  

3.  Typical and Electrical Characteristics ................................................ 14 

4.  Ordering Information .......................................................................... 14 

5.  Contact ….. ........................................................................................ 14 

6.  References ......................................................................................... 14 

7.  Revision History ................................................................................. 15 

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1.

Migration from Atmel AT86RF231 to AT86RF233

This chapter summarizes the modifications that might be required while migrating from AT86RF231 to AT86RF233 transceiver.

1.1

Hardware Considerations

This chapter summarizes the hardware modifications that might be considered while migrating from AT86RF231 to

AT86RF233 transceiver.

1.1.1 Balun Selection

As per the datasheets of AT86RF231 and AT86RF233, we have a change in the recommended Johanson

Technology

[7] Balun part Number as captured in

Table 1-1 .

This Balun part number change is not mandatory during migration from AT86RF231 to AT86RF233. But if

2450BM15A0015 Balun/Filter is used then the BOM cost is reduced as DC capacitor is not required on pin 2.

Table 1-1. Balun Part Number

SMD balun / filter

Part number

AT86RF231

2450FB15L0001

AT86RF233

2450BM15A0015

1.1.2 Bypass Capacitor

Table 1-2

captures the recommended bypass capacitor (CB1/CB3) value changes for AT86RF231 and AT86RF233 transceivers. The capacitor value depends on the custom board design. So, change may not be required during

migration. For more details, refer to section Basic Application Schematic in individual datasheets [2] [6] .

Note: It is recommended to use capacitor values as given in

Table 1-2

for Atmel AT86RF233 for improved state

transition timings (Section 1.2.3

).

Table 1-2. Bypass Capacitor CB1/CB3

Capacitor

CB1

CB3

AT86RF231

1µF

AT86RF233

100nF

1.1.3 PAD_IO and PAD_IO_CLKM

Atmel AT86RF231 controls the drive current of digital output pads and CLKM through register configuration (PAD_IO and PAD_IO_CLKM respectively).

But Atmel AT86RF233 does not support configuration of drive current for digital output pads (MISO and IRQ) and CLKM pin.

For more details, refer to Section 1.2.5 Drive Strength of Digital Pins

.

1.1.4 PA_BUF_LT and PA_LT

Atmel AT86RF231 controls the internal PA buffer lead time and internal PA lead through register configuration

(PA_BUF_LT and PA_LT).

But Atmel AT86RF233 does not support configuring internal PA buffer lead time and internal PA lead time.

For more details, refer to Section 1.2.8 Internal PA Buffer Lead Time and Internal PA Lead Time

.

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1.2

Software Considerations

This chapter summarizes the software modifications that might be required while migrating from Atmel AT86RF231 to

AT86RF233 Transceiver.

1.2.1 Basic Operating Modes

AT86RF231 and AT86RF233 vary in few transceiver states while operating in basic operating mode. Table 1-3

captures the states configurable through register TRX_STATE [4:0] (TRX_CMD).

•

Figure 1-1 depicts the transceiver state which is removed in AT86RF233

•

Figure 1-2 depicts newly added transceiver states in AT86RF233

Table 1-3. Available State through Register Configuration (TRX_CMD)

0x08

0x09

0x10

0x16

0x19

TRX_CMD

0x00

0x02

0x03

0x04

0x06

AT86RF231

NOP

TX_START

FORCE_TRX_OFF

FORCE_PLL_ON

RX_ON

TRX_OFF

PLL_ON

-

RX_AACK_ON

TX_ARET_ON

AT86RF233

NOP

TX_START

FORCE_TRX_OFF

FORCE_PLL_ON

RX_ON

TRX_OFF

PLL_ON

PREP_DEEP_SLEEP

RX_AACK_ON

TX_ARET_ON

1.2.1.1

Migrating RX_ON_NOCLK to RX_ON State

In basic operation mode, RX_ON_NOCLK state shown in the

Figure 1-1 is not supported by the Atmel AT86RF233.

RX_ON_NOCLK state should be migrated to RX_ON state in AT86RF233. For more details, refer to section Basic

Operating Mode in individual datasheets [2] [6]

.

If application requires switching off CLKM in RX_ON state, then it has to be done manually to disable CLKM using register TRX_CTRL [2:0].

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Figure 1-1. Basic Operating Mode State Machine for AT86RF231

1.2.1.2

Migrating SLEEP to DEEP_SLEEP State

Atmel AT86RF231 and AT86RF233 vary in sleep state functionality. In AT86RF231, SLEEP state shown in the

Figure

1-1

is equivalent to DEEP_SLEEP state shown in Figure 1-2

for AT86RF233. Before entering into the DEEP_SLEEP state application should first enter into PREP_DEEP_SLEEP (1) . Below table captures the electrical characteristics of

SLEEP and DEEP_SLEEP states. For more details, refer to section Basic Operating Mode individual datasheets [2] [6]

.

Note: 1. DEEP_SLEEP state can only be entered from PREP_DEEP_SLEEP state.

Table 1-4. Current Consumption Specification

Transceiver

AT86RF231

AT86RF233

Supply current SLEEP state [µA]

0.02

0.2

Supply current DEEP_SLEEP state [µA]

-

0.02

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Figure 1-2. Basic Operating Mode State Machine for AT86RF233

1.2.2 Extended Operating Mode

Atmel AT86RF231 and AT86RF233 vary in few transceiver states while operating in extended operating mode.

Table 1-

3 captures the states configurable through register TRX_STATE [4:0] (TRX_CMD).

Figure 1-3 depicts the transceiver

state removed in AT86RF231.

1.2.2.1

Migration of RX_ AACK_ON_NOCLK State to RX_AACK_ON

In extended operating mode RX_AACK_ON_NOCLK and BUSY_RX_AACK_NOCLK are not supported by AT86RF233 as shown in the

Figure 1-3 . Hence during migration RX_ AACK_ON_NOCLK state should be replaced by

RX_AACK_ON state in AT86RF233. For more details, refer to section Extended Operating Mode in individual datasheets

[2] [6] .

If application requires switching off CLKM in RX_AACK_ON state, then it has to be done manually to disable CLKM using register TRX_CTRL_0 [2:0].

Atmel AT02602: Migration from AT86RF231 to AT86RF233 [APPLICATION NOTE]

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Figure 1-3. Extended Operating Mode State Machine in AT86RF231

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1.2.3 Improved State Transition Timing

Atmel AT86RF233 has improved in timing for few state transitions compared with Atmel AT86RF231.

Table 1-5

captures the state transition timing differences for AT86RF231 and AT86RF233.

Table 1-5. State Transition Timings

State Transition

SLEEP => TRX_OFF

TRX_OFF => PLL_ON

TRX_OFF => RX_ON

RESET => TRX_OFF

Note:

AT86RF231 [µs]

380

110

110

37

AT86RF233 [µs]

210

80

80

26

Above State transition timings for AT86RF233 are only valid when capacitor (CB1/CB3) values are 100nF.

1.2.4 Part Number and Version Number

Atmel AT86RF231 and AT86RF233 vary in part number and version number. If the application firmware checks the

transceiver’s PART_NUM (0x1C) and VERSION_NUM (0x1D) registers, then it has to be changed according to Table

1-6 and Table 1-7

.

Table 1-6. PART_NUM Register

Register name

PART_NUM (0x1C)

AT86RF231

0x03

AT86RF233

0x0B

Table 1-7. VERSION_NUM Register

Register name

VERSION_NUM (0x1D)

AT86RF231

0x02 (Revision A)

AT86RF233

0x01 (Revision A)

1.2.5 Drive Strength of Digital Pins

Atmel AT86RF231 controls the drive current of digital output pads and CLKM through register configuration (PAD_IO and PAD_IO_CLKM respectively). PAD_IO and PAD_IO_CLKM features were removed in Atmel AT86RF233. Hence output driver current of digital output pads and CLKM cannot be controlled through register configuration. Register bit field modifications with respect to AT86RF233 are captured in the below table. For more details, refer to section

Register Reference in individual datasheets

[2] [6] .

Table 1-8. TRX_CRTL_0

Register name

TRX_CRTL_0 (0x03)

Note:

AT86RF231

Register bits

[7:6]

[5:4]

Functionality

PAD_IO

PAD_IO_CLKM

AT86RF233

Register bits

[7]

[6]

[5]

[4]

Functionality

TOM_EN

Reserved

PMU_EN

PMU_IF_INVERSE

AT86RF233 register reset values by default enable PMU_IF_INVERSE bit. Application should disable it during migration.

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1.2.6 Renamed Registers and Bit Fields

AT86RF231 and AT86RF233 vary in the naming convention for the following mention in Table 1-9

.

Table 1-9. Renamed Registers and Bit Fields in AT86RF231 Compared to AT86RF233

Old name as per AT86RF231

BAT_LOW

TRX_UR

TRX_END

RX_START

PLL_UNLOCK

PLL_LOCK

New name as per AT86RF233

IRQ_7_BAT_LOW

IRQ_6_TRX_UR

IRQ_3_TRX_END

IRQ_2_RX_START

IRQ_1_PLL_UNLOCK

IRQ_0_PLL_LOCK

Description

Register bit field has been renamed

Register bit field has been renamed

Register bit field has been renamed

Register bit field has been renamed

Register bit field has been renamed

Register bit field has been renamed

1.2.7 Digital Interface Timing Specifications

AT86RF231 and AT86RF233 vary in few digital interface timing specifications, as captured in Table 1-10

.

Table 1-10. Digital Interface Timing Specification

Symbol Parameter t

2

SCLK falling edge to MISO out t

12

/ t

AES

AES core Cycle time

Condition

AT86RF231

Min. Typ.

Data hold time 10 -

24

-

-

AT86RF233

Min. Typ.

-

23.4

Max.

Unit

25

24 ns ns

1.2.8 Internal PA Buffer Lead Time and Internal PA Lead Time

Atmel AT86RF231 configures the internal PA buffer lead time and internal PA lead time through register configuration

(PA_BUF_LT and PA_LT respectively). PA_BUF_LT and PA_LT were removed in Atmel AT86RF233. Hence lead time configuration for internal PA buffer and internal PA is not possible through register configuration. Register bit field modifications with respect to AT86RF233 are captured in the below table. For more details, refer to section Register

Reference in individual datasheets

[2] [6] .

Table 1-11. PHY_TX_PWR

Register name

PHY_TX_PWR (0x05)

AT86RF231

Register bits

[7:6]

[5:4]

Functionality

PA_BUF_LT

PA_LT

AT86RF233

Register bits

[7:4]

Functionality

Reserved

1.2.9 Active Bits Modified To Reserved Bits

Table 1-12

captures the bits modified to reserved bits in AT86RF233 compared to AT86RF231. In AT86RF233, it is recommended to write reset values to all reserved bits.

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Table 1-12. Active bits modified to reserved bits in AT86RF233 compared to AT86RF231

Register name

TRX_CTRL_0

PHY_TX_PWR

Bit position

[6]

[7:6]

[5:4]

Reset value Description

0x0

0x0

0x0

In AT86RF231, this bit is LSB of PAD_IO (refer to Section 1.2.5

In AT86RF231, these bit acts as PA_BUF_LT[1:0] bits (refer to

section 1.2.8

)

)

In AT86RF231, these bit acts as PA_LT[1:0] bits (refer to section

1.2.8

)

1.2.10 Register Reset Values

AT86RF231 and AT86RF233 vary for few register reset values. AT86RF233 register reset values varied with

AT86RF231’s register reset values are captured in Table 1-13 .

0x03

0x04

0x05

0x06

0x0A

Table 1-13. Register Summary – Reset Values

Address

Reset value

AT86RF231 AT86RF233

0x19 0x09

0x20

0xC0

0x22

0x00

0x00

0xB7

0x60

0x37

0x0C

0x0D

0x16

0x19

0x1C

0x00

0x03

0x00

0x55

0x03

0x02

0x20

0x00

0xC1

0x00

0x0B

0x01

Description: Behavior of the migrated application with

AT86RF233 reset value

PAD_IO_CLKM (Section 1.1.3

) is not supported in AT86RF233.

Hence modified reset value has no effect.

TX_AUTO_CRC_ON and IRQ_MASK_MODE are enabled.

PA_BUF_LT (Section 1.1.4

) is not supported in AT86RF233. Hence modified reset value has no effect.

PHY_RSSI [6:5] denotes RND_VALUE, and is initialized to 0x03.

In AT86RF233 RX_CTRL [7:6] bits are made active

(PEL_SHIFT_VALUE) and the reset value is 0x0.

OQPSK_SCRAM_EN [5] is enabled and OQPSK_DATA_RATE [2:0] is set to 250Kbps.

Reset value for ANT_CTRL is changed to 0x0 and it has no impact.

No effect, RX_RPC_EN is disabled (Section

2.1

)

ARET_FRAME_RETRIES and ARET_CSMA_RETRIES are set to zero.

If application checks for PART_NUM, check should be modified accordingly to new reset value.

If application checks for VERSION_NUM, check should be modified accordingly to new reset value.

0x1D

Legend:

Register reset values modified compared to AT86RF231 and AT86RF233

Register reset values not used in AT86RF231 and used in AT86RF233

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2.

Enhanced Features of AT86RF233

This chapter summarizes the enhancement and additional features of the AT86RF233 compared to the AT86RF231 transceiver.

2.1

Reduced Power Consumption Mode

AT86RF233 RPC offers a variety independent techniques and methods to significantly reduce the power consumption.

RPC is applicable to several operating modes and transparent to other extended features. The Reduced Power

Consumption mode is characterized by:

•

Significant power reduction for several operating modes

• Self-contained, self-calibrating and adaptive power reduction schemes

For more details, refer to Reduced Power Consumption Mode in AT86RF233 datasheet [2]

.

2.2

Time-Of-Flight Module (TOM)

The AT86RF233 includes a set of means to trigger time measurements during message transfer. The time-of-flight measurement functions are characterized by:

•

24-bit Timer/Counter (T/C)

•

Automated T/C start, capturing and reset

• Reference frequency error measurement

• Preamble synchronization monitoring

For more details, refer to section Time-Of-Flight Mode in AT86RF233 datasheet

[2]

.

2.3

2.4

Phase Difference Measurement

The AT86RF233 performs a phase measurement of a received signal relative to an internal reference. The derived value represents the phase delay of the received signal referenced to an internal reference signal in the receiver low-IF domain. The Phase Difference Measurement Unit (PMU) is characterized by:

• Relative phase measurement of received signal

For more details, refer to section Phase Difference Measurement in AT86RF233 datasheet

[2] . Ranging tool box (RTB)

is available for range measurement application

[8] .

Extended Operating Mode State Transition

AT86RF233 supports additional TRX_STATE transitions in extended operating mode (

Figure 2-1 ) as mentioned below:

•

TX_ARET_ON <-> RX_AACK_ON

•

RX_ON <-> RX_AACK_ON

• RX_ON <-> TX_ARET_ON

For more details, refer to section Extended Operating Mode in AT86RF233 datasheet

[2] .

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Figure 2-1. Extended Operating Mode State Machine for Atmel AT86RF233

2.5

Data Retention after SLEEP State

In AT86RF233, after SLEEP state transceiver register contents and AES register contents remain valid while the contents of the Frame Buffer are lost. For more details, refer to Basic Operating Mode in AT86RF233 datasheet

[2] .

2.6

RF Channel Selection

The PLL is designed to support 16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM band with channel spacing of 5MHz according to IEEE

®

802.15.4. Additionally, the PLL supports all frequencies from 2322MHz to 2527MHz with 500kHz frequency spacing.

The frequency is selected by register bits CC_BAND (registers 0x14, CC_CTRL_1) and register bits CC_NUMBER

(registers 0x13, CC_CTRL_0). For more details, refer to section RF Channel Selection in AT86RF233 datasheet [2]

.

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2.7

Frame Buffer Read Access

In AT86RF233, during frame buffer read access two additional bytes ED and RX_STATUS values are appended at the end compared to AT86RF231 as shown in

Figure 2-2 . Hence care should be taken while migrating from Atmel

AT86RF231 to AT86RF233. For more details, refer to section Frame Buffer Access Mode in individual datasheet [2] [6]

.

Figure 2-2. Frame Buffer Read Access Having Additional Information in AT86RF233

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3.

4.

Typical and Electrical Characteristics

A Typical Characteristic section is added in the AT86RF233 datasheet

[2] , which is not available in AT86RF231.

Due to additional features of AT86RF233, electrical characteristics shall be different for both AT86RF231 and

AT86RF233 transceivers. Check the latest datasheet for details

[2]

.

Ordering Information

Table 4-1. Ordering Information

Ordering code Packaging Package Voltage range Temperature range

AT86RF233-ZU Tray QN

AT86RF233-ZUR Tape & Reel QN

1.8V – 3.6V

1.8V – 3.6V

Industrial (-40°C to +85°C) Lead-free/Halogen-free

Industrial (-40°C to +85°C) Lead-free/Halogen-free

Note: Tape & Reel quantity 5,000.

Contact your local Atmel sales office

[3] for more detailed ordering information and minimum quantities.

5.

Contact

Atmel Technical Support - [email protected]

.

6.

References

[1]. Atmel MCU Wireless Transceivers ( www.atmel.com/products/microcontrollers/wireless/transceivers.aspx

).

[2]. Atmel AT86RF233 datasheet ( www.atmel.com/devices/AT86RF233.aspx?tab=documents ).

[3]. Atmel sales office – contact ( www.atmel.com/about/contact/default.aspx?contactType=Online%20Directory ).

[4]. Atmel Software Framework – ( www.atmel.com/tools/AVRSOFTWAREFRAMEWORK.aspx

).

[5]. IEEE Standard 802.15.4™-2003/2006/2011: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer

(PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs).

[6]. AT86RF231 datasheet ( www.atmel.com/devices/AT86RF231.aspx?tab=documents ).

[7].

[8].

Johanson Technology – ( www.johansontechnology.com/integrated-passives/chipset-specific-ipc/atmel.html

).

Atmel AVR ® 2151: RTB Evaluation Application - ( www.atmel.com/devices/AT86RF233.aspx?tab=documents ).

Atmel AT02602: Migration from AT86RF231 to AT86RF233 [APPLICATION NOTE]

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14

7.

Revision History

Doc. Rev.

42221A

Date

11/2013

Comments

Initial document release

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15

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