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For additional Technical Support in your local language, see www.hannainst.com
Instruction Manual
C 214
Multiparameter Bench
Photometer for
Wastewater Treatment
Application
w w w . h a n n a i n s t . c o m
These Instruments are in
Compliance with the CE Directives
Dear Customer,
Thank you for choosing a Hanna product. Please read this instruction manual carefully before using the meter. This manual will provide you with the necessary information for the correct use of the instrument. If you need additional technical information, do not hesitate to e-mail us at [email protected]. These instruments are in compliance with
directives.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION ........... 3
ABBREVIATIONS ............................. 3
GENERAL DESCRIPTION ................... 4
SPECIFICATIONS ............................. 5
PRECISION AND ACCURACY ............. 5
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION ............... 6
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION .............. 8
GUIDE TO DISPLAY CODES .............. 9
TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE
MEASUREMENT ............................ 12
PARAMETERS REFERENCE TABLES .. 17
HEALTH & SAFETY ........................ 19
OPERATIONAL GUIDE .................... 20
AMMONIA LOW RANGE ................. 22
AMMONIA HIGH RANGE ................ 25
CHLORINE, FREE ........................... 28
CHLORINE, TOTAL ......................... 31
NITRATE ....................................... 34
NITROGEN, TOTAL LR .................... 37
NITROGEN, TOTAL HR ................... 42
OXYGEN DEMAND, CHEMICAL LR .... 47
OXYGEN DEMAND, CHEMICAL MR .. 50
OXYGEN DEMAND, CHEMICAL HR ... 53
PHOSPHORUS, REACTIVE .............. 56
PHOSPHORUS, ACID HYDROLYZABLE ... 59
PHOSPHORUS, TOTAL ................... 63
PHOSPHORUS, REACTIVE HR ......... 67
PHOSPHORUS, TOTAL HR .............. 70
INTERFACE WITH PC ..................... 74
STANDARD METHODS ................... 76
BATTERY REPLACEMENT ................ 76
ACCESSORIES ............................... 77
CE DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY .... 78
WARRANTY ................................... 79
HANNA LITERATURE ...................... 79
All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the written consent of the copyright owner, Hanna Instruments Inc.,
Woonsocket, Rhode Island, 02895 , USA.
2
WARRANTY
All Hanna Instruments meters are warranted for two years against defects in workmanship and materials when used for its intended purpose and maintained according to the instructions.
This warranty is limited to repair or replacement free of charge.
Damages due to accident, misuse, tampering or lack of prescribed maintenance are not covered.
If service is required, contact your dealer. If under warranty, report the model number, date of purchase, serial number and the nature of the failure. If the repair is not covered by the warranty, you will be notified of the charges incurred.
If the instrument is to be returned to Hanna Instruments, first obtain a
Returned Goods Authorization Number from the Customer Service
Department and then send it with shipment costs prepaid. When shipping any instrument, make sure it is properly packaged for complete protection.
To validate your warranty, fill out and return the enclosed warranty card within 14 days from the date of purchase.
Hanna Instruments reserves the right to modify the design, construction and appearance of its products without advance notice.
HANNA LITERATURE
Hanna publishes a wide range of catalogs and handbooks for an equally wide range of applications. The reference literature currently covers areas such as:
• Water Treatment
•
Process
•
Swimming Pools
•
Agriculture
•
Food
•
Laboratory and many others. New reference material is constantly being added to the library.
For these and other catalogs, handbooks and leaflets contact your dealer or the Hanna Customer Service Center nearest to you. To find the Hanna Office in your vicinity, check our home page at www.hannainst.com.
79
CE DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
Recommendations for Users
Before using these products, make sure that they are entirely suitable for your specific application and for the environment in which they are used.
Operation of these instruments may cause unacceptable interferences to other electronic equipments, this requiring the operator to take all necessary steps to correct interferences.
Any variation introduced by the user to the supplied equipment may degrade the instruments' EMC performance.
To avoid damages or burns, do not put the instrument in microwave ovens. For yours and the instrument safety do not use or store the instrument in hazardous environments.
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
Please examine this product carefully. Make sure that the instrument is not damaged. If any damage occured during shipment, please notify your Dealer.
Each Meter is supplied complete with:
• Five Sample Vials
• Two 9 V Batteries
• 12 VDC Transformer (
HI 710005 or HI 710006)
• Instruction Manual
Note: Save all packing material until you are sure that the instrument works correctly. Any defective item must be returned in its original packing with the supplied accessories.
ABBREVIATIONS
°C: degree Celsius
COD:
Chemical Oxygen Demand
EPA:
US Environmental Protection Agency
°F: degree Fahrenheit g/L: grams per liter. g/L is equivalent to ppt (part per thoushand)
HR: high range
LR: low range mg/L: milligrams per liter. mg/L is equivalent to ppm (part per million) mL: milliliter
MR: medium range
µg/L: micrograms per liter. µg/L is equivalent to ppb (part per billion)
78 3
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
C 99 & C 200 Series is a line of 17 different bench, microprocessorbased photometers to measure more than 50 different parameters in water and wastewater. These multipurpose meters are manufactured to measure the most important parameters of the application they have been especially designed for:
C 99 Laboratories, with COD C 200 Laboratories
C 203 Aquaculture C 205 Boilers & Cooling Towers
C 206 Environmental Testing C 207 Industrial Wastewater
C 208 Water Conditioning
C 210 Pulp & Paper Mills
C 212 Power Plant Utilities
C 214 Wastewater Treatment Applic. C 215 Nutrient Analyses
C 216 Pool & Spa Applic.
C 218 Environmental Applic.
C 226 Pool & Spa Applic.
C 209 Education
C 211 Chemical Manufacturers
C 213 Municipal Wastewater
The reagents are in liquid or powder form and are supplied in bottles and ready-to-use vials or in packets. The amount of reagent is precisely dosed to ensure the maximum repeatability.
Display codes aid the user in routine operations.
The meters have an auto-shut off feature that will turn off the instrument after 10 minutes of non-use.
The C 99 & C 200 Series can be connected to a personal computer via the HI 920010 three wire RS 232 cable. The HI 92000 Hanna
Windows Compatible Software aids the user to manage all test data.
4
ACCESSORIES
REAGENT SETS
HI 93701-01 100 free chlorine tests
HI 93701-03 300 free chlorine tests
HI 93711-01 100 total chlorine tests
HI 93711-03 300 total chlorine tests
HI 93754A-25 25 COD LR tests
HI 93754B-25 25 COD MR tests
HI 93754C-25 25 COD HR tests
HI 93758A-50 50 reactive phosphorus tests
HI 93758B-50 50 acid hydrolyzable phosphorus tests
HI 93758C-50 50 total phosphorus tests
HI 93763A-50 50 reactive phosphorus HR tests
HI 93763B-50 50 total phosphorus HR tests
HI 93764A-25 25 ammonia LR tests
HI 93764B-25 25 ammonia HR tests
HI 93766-50 50 nitrate tests
HI 93767A-50 50 total nitrogen LR tests
HI 93767B-50 50 total nitrogen HR tests
OTHER ACCESSORIES
C115-00300 5 mL graduated syringe
C9800-01 Hanna Reactor (115 VAC)
C9800-02 Hanna Reactor (230 VAC)
HI 710005
110VAC to 12VDC voltage adapter
HI 710006 220VAC to 12VDC voltage adapter
HI 721310
9V battery (10 pcs)
HI 731311 glass vials with cap (5 pcs)
HI 731318 Tissue for wiping cuvets (4 pcs)
HI 731340 200 µL automatic pipette
HI 731341 1000 µL automatic pipette
HI 731342 2000 µL automatic pipette
HI 731350 tips for 200 µL automatic pipette (25 pcs)
HI 731351 tips for 1000 µL automatic pipette (25 pcs)
HI 731352 tips for 2000 µL automatic pipette (4 pcs)
HI 740142
1 mL graduated syringe
HI 740143 1 mL graduated syringe (6 pcs)
HI 740144 Pipette tip (6 pcs)
HI 740157
Plastic refilling pipette (20 pcs)
HI 740216
Test tube cooling rack (25 holes)
HI 740217
Laboratory bench safety shield
HI 92000
Windows Compatible Software
HI 920010
PC connection cable
HI 93703-50 Cuvets cleaning solution (230 mL)
77
STANDARD METHODS
Description
Ammonia LR
Range
0.00 to 3.00 mg / L
Ammonia HR
Chlorine, Free
Chlorine, Total
Nitrate
Nitrogen, Total
Nitrogen, Total HR
COD LR
COD MR
COD HR
Phosphorus, Reactive
0 to 100 mg / L
0.00 to 5.00 mg / L
0.00 to 5.00 mg / L
0.0 to 30.0 mg / L
0.0 to 25.0 mg / L
10 to 150 mg / L
0 to 150 mg / L
0 to 1500 mg / L
0 to 15000 mg / L
0.00 to 5.00 mg / L
Phosphorus, Acid Hydrolyzable 0.00 to 5.00 mg / L
Phosphorus, Total 0.00 to 3.50 mg / L
Phosphorus, Reactive HR 0.0 to 100.0 mg / L
Phosphorus, Total HR 0.0 to 100.0 mg / L
Method
Nessler
Nessler
DPD
DPD
Chromotropic Acid
Chromotropic Acid
Chromotropic Acid
Dichromate, Mercuric Sulphate
Dichromate, Mercuric Sulphate
Dichromate, Mercuric Sulphate
Ascorbic Acid
Ascorbic Acid
Ascorbic Acid
Vanadomolybdophosphoric Acid
Vanadomolybdophosphoric Acid
BATTERY REPLACEMENT
Besides the 12 VDC supply, this meter can also be fed by two 9V batteries.
To prolong battery life, switch your meter off after use. However, the meter has an auto-shut off feature that will turn itself off after 10 minutes of non-use.
A blinking "LOBAT" on the display, while a measurement is in progress, indicates low voltage and the batteries should be replaced.
If the batteries are not replaced immediately, in order to prevent erroneous readings due to low voltage, "-BA-" is displayed soon afterwards. At this point the batteries must be changed.
Battery replacement must only take place in a non-hazardous area using two 9V alkaline batteries.
Remove the battery cover on the back of photometer, attach two fresh
9V batteries, while paying attention to the correct polarity, and replace the cover.
The meter will turn on automatically when a new battery is connected. You can turn it off by pressing ON/OFF.
76
SPECIFICATIONS
Light Life Life of the instrument
Light Detector Silicon Photocell
Environment
Power Supply 2 x 9 V batteries / 12 to 20 VDC through voltage adapter
Auto-Shut off
Dimensions
Weight
0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F); max 90% RH non-condensing
After 10' of non-use
230 x 165 x 70 mm (9.0 x 6.5 x 2.8")
640 g (22.6 oz.)
For specifications related to each single parameter (e.g. range, precision, etc.), refer to the related measurement section.
PRECISION AND ACCURACY
Precision is how closely repeated measurements agree with each other.
Precision is usually expressed as standard deviation (SD).
Accuracy is defined as the nearness of a test result to the true value.
Although good precision suggests good accuracy, precise results can be inaccurate. The figure explains these definitions.
For each parameter, the precision is expressed in the related measurement section as standard deviation at a specific concentration value of the analite. The standard deviation is obtained with a single instrument using a representative lot of reagents.
5
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Absorption of Light is a typical phenomenon of interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter. When a light beam crosses a substance, some of the radiation may be absorbed by atoms, molecules or crystal lattices.
If pure absorption occurs, the fraction of light absorbed depends both on the optical path length through the matter and on the physicalchemical characteristics of substance according to the Lambert-Beer
Law:
-log
ε
λ c d or
A ε
λ c d
Where:
-log =Absorbance (A)
=intensity of incident light beam
=intensity of light beam after absorption
ε
λ
=molar extinction coefficient at wavelength λ c =molar concentration of the substance d =optical path through the substance
Therefore, the concentration "c" can be calculated from the absorbance of the substance as the other factors are known.
Photometric chemical analysis is based on the possibility to develop an absorbing compound from a specific chemical reaction between sample and reagents.
Given that the absorption of a compound strictly depends on the wavelength of the incident light beam, a narrow spectral bandwidth should be selected as well as a proper central wavelength to optimize measurements.
The optical system of Hanna's C 99 & C 200 Series multiparameter photometers is based on special subminiature tungsten lamps and narrow-band interference filters to guarantee both high performance and reliable results.
Four measuring channels (at four different wavelengths) allow a wide range of tests.
C 200 Series block diagram (optical layout)
6
/PUP - Program Up
/PDN - Program Down
/PTM - Turn Test Mode On
/Brx - Set the baud rate
1 - 300
3 - 1200
/KBL - Lock Keyboard
/KBU - Unlock Keyboard
2 - 600
4 - 2400
?PR# - Send Current Program Number
?BRQ - Send current baud rate
1 - 150 2 - 300
3 - 600
5 - 2400
4 - 1200
?CNQ - Send Concentration (three bytes) conc decimal point unit m - ppm t - ppt h - pH b - ppb u - pcu
?ERR - send error / status information
0 - No error
1 - CAP
2 - HI
3 - ZERO
4 - LO
5 - IDLE
6 - ZERO DONE
7 - TIMED READ
75
INTERFACE WITH PC
To connect your meter to the PC use the optional HI 920010 (available from your Hanna Dealer). Make sure that your meter is switched off and plug the connectors, one into the meter RS 232C socket, the other into the serial port of your PC.
Note: Cables other than HI 920010 may use a different configuration, in which case, communication between the meter and the PC may not be possible.
SETTING THE BAUD RATE
The transmission speed (baud rate) of the meter and the external device must be identical. The meter is factory set to 2400.
If you wish to change this value, please contact your nearest Hanna
Center.
SENDING COMMANDS FROM PC
With terminal programs such as, for example, Telix ® , Windows Terminal ® , it is possible to remotely control your Hanna Instruments bench meter. Use HI 920010 cable to connect the meter to the PC, start the terminal program and set the communication options as follows: 8, N,
1, no flow control.
Command Types
To send a command to the meter the scheme is:
<DLE> < command> <CR>
This line makes the computer send a Data Link Escape character (/ or
?), the command expressed as a number or a 3-character sequence and a CR character.
Note: Windows Terminal ® and all the other terminal programs that support the ANSI escape sequence, represent the DLE character by the string ‘^P’ and the CR character by the string ‘^M’.
Type of Commands
/OFF - Turn the meter OFF
/PDR - Press Read Direct
/PTR - Press Timer
/PZR - Press Zero
Windows ®
TELIX
and Windows Terminal ®
®
Excel © Copyright of "Microsoft Co."
Lotus 1-2-3 © Copyright of "Lotus Co."
is registered Trademark of "Deltacomm"
are registered Trademark of "Microsoft Co."
74
A microprocessor controlled special tungsten lamp emits radiation which is first optically conditioned and beamed to the sample contained in the vial. The optical path is fixed by the diameter of the vial. Then the light is spectrally filtered to a narrow spectral bandwidth, to obtain a light beam of intensity o
or
The photoelectric cell collects the radiation that is not absorbed by the sample and converts it into an electric current, producing a potential in the mV range.
The microprocessor uses this potential to convert the incoming value into the desired measuring unit and to display it on the LCD.
The measurement process is carried out in two phases: first the meter is zeroed and then the actual measurement is performed.
The vial has a very important role because it is an optical element and thus requires particular attention. It is important that both the measurement and the calibration (zeroing) vials are optically identical to provide the same measurement conditions. Most of parameters use the same vial for both. In each case, insert the test vials always in the same position into the holder.
It is necessary that the surface of the vial is clean and not scratched.
This is to avoid measurement interference due to unwanted reflection and absorption of light. It is recommended not to touch the vial walls with hands.
Furthermore, in order to maintain the same conditions during the zeroing and the measuring phases, it is necessary to close the vial to prevent any contamination.
7
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
FRONT PANEL
1) Vial Holder
2) Dual Level Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
3) Programs List
4) READ DIRECT, to perform measurement immediately
5) TIMER, to perform measurement after a preprogrammed countdown
6) ZERO, to zero the meter prior to measurement
7) Program t and s, to select the desired parameter
8) ON/OFF, to turn the meter on and off
REAR PANEL
1) Power Supply 12 VDC 2.5 Watt
2) RS 232 Socket
3) Batteries Compartment
8
• Wait for a few seconds and the display will show “-0.0-”. Now the meter is zeroed and ready for measurement.
• Remove the blank vial.
• Place the sample vial into the holder and push it completely down.
• Press READ DIRECT and "SIP" will blink on the display.
• The instrument directly displays concentration in mg/L of phosphate
(PO
4
3) on the Liquid Crystal Display.
The method detects free (orthophosphate), condensed inorganic forms (meta-, pyro- and other polyphosphates) and organic forms of phosphates present in the sample.
• To convert the reading to mg/L of P
2
0.748.
O
5
, multiply by a factor of
• To convert the reading to mg/L of phosphorus (P) concentration, multiply by a factor of 0.326.
Note: for accurate measurements
1) wash glassware only with phosphate-free detergents
2) clean all glassware with 1 : 1 hydrochloric acid solution and rinse with deionized water.
INTERFERENCES
Arsenate: positive error pH: the sample should have a neutral pH
Temperature: the method is temperature sensitive.
It is recommended to add the Molybdovanadate Reagent and to run measurements at T = 20 to 25 °C:
T < 20 °C causes a negative error
T > 25 °C causes a positive error
Turbidity: turbidity and suspended matter in large amounts may cause interference because the strongly acidic reaction conditions may dissolve suspended matter or cause desorption of phosphates from particles. Before measurement, turbidity or suspended matter should be removed by treatment with active carbon and by prior filtration.
73
Phosphorus, Total HR
• At the end of the digestion place the vials carefully in the test tube rack and allow to cool to room temperature.
Warning: as the vials are still hot, be careful in handling them.
• Select the program number corresponding to Total Phosphorus High
Range on the secondary LCD by pressing PROGRAM t and s.
• Remove the cap from the vials and add exactly 2.0 mL of Sodium
Hydroxide (NaOH) Solution 1,54 N to each vial, while keeping the vials at a 45-degree angle. Replace the cap tightly and mix by inverting the vials a couple of times.
• Remove the cap from the vials and add exactly 0.5 mL of HI
93763B-0 Molybdovanadate Reagent to each vial, while keeping the vial at a 45-degree angle. Replace the cap tightly and mix by inverting the vials a couple of times.
• Place the blank vial into the holder and push it completely down.
• Press TIMER and the display will show the countdown prior to the measurement. Alternatively, wait for 7 minutes and press ZERO. In both cases "SIP" will blink during measurement.
Phosphorus, Total HR
72
GUIDE TO DISPLAY CODES
Note: The secondary LCD below shows a generic "P– –", whereas the meter will indicate the exact program number (e.g. "P1" for
Ammonia LR).
This indicates that the meter is in a ready state and zeroing can be performed.
Sampling in progress. This flashing prompt appears each time the meter is performing a measurement.
The microprocessor is adjusting the light level, indicated by a scrolling "SIP".
This indicates that the meter is in a zeroed state and measurement can be performed.
The instrument is performing an internal check-up.
The blinking "LOBAT" indicates that the battery voltage is getting low and the batteries need to be replaced.
This indicates that the batteries are dead and must be replaced.
Light over range. The vial is not inserted correctly and an eccess ambient light is reaching the detector. If the vial is properly inserted, then contact your dealer or the nearest Hanna Customer Service Center.
9
The lamp is not working properly. Contact your dealer or the nearest Hanna Customer
Service Center.
The lamp is not working properly. Contact your dealer or the nearest Hanna Customer
Service Center.
This indicates that the meter has lost its configuration. Contact your dealer or the nearest Hanna Customer Service Center.
ERROR MESSAGES a) on zero reading:
This indicates that the zeroing procedure failed due to a low signal-to-noise ratio. In this case press ZERO again.
The instrument cannot adjust the light level.
Please check that the vial does not contain any debris.
There is not enough light to perform a measurement. Please check the preparation of the zero vial.
There is too much light to perform a measurement. Please check the preparation of the zero vial.
b) on sample reading:
There is too much light for the sample measurement. Please check if the right sample vial is inserted.
The sample and zero vial are inverted.
10
Reagent Blank Correction: This method needs a reagent blank correction. A single blank vial may be used more than once; the blank vial is stable up to one day (room temperature). For most accurate measurement, run a blank for each set of measurements and always use the same lot of reagents for blank and samples.
• Preheat the Hanna Reactor C 9800 to 150 °C (302°F). For correct use of the reactor follow Reactor Instruction Manual.
Use of the optional HI 740217 safety shield is strongly recommended.
Do not use an oven or microwave because leaking samples can generate a corrosive and possibly explosive atmosphere.
• Remove the cap from two Reagent Vials.
• Add exactly 5.0 mL of sample to one vial (sample vial), and 5.0
mL of deionized water to the other vial (blank vial), while keeping the vials at a 45-degree angle.
• Add the content of one packet of Potassium Persulfate for Phosphorus analysis to each vial. Replace the cap tightly and shake gently the vials until all the powder is completely dissolved.
• Insert the vials into the reactor and heat them for 30 minutes at 150°C.
71
Phosphorus, Total HR
PHOSPHORUS, TOTAL HIGH RANGE
SPECIFICATIONS
Range
Resolution
Precision
0.0 to 100.0 mg/L (as PO
4
3)
0.1 mg/L
±3.0 @ 75.0 mg/L
Typical EMC ±0.1 mg/L
Deviation
Light Source Tungsten lamp with narrow band interference filter
@ 420 nm
Method Adaptation of the Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20 th edition, 4500-P C, vanadomolybdophosphoric acid method. A persulfate digestion converts organic and condensed inorganic forms of phosphates to orthophosphate. Then the reaction between orthophosphate and the reagents causes a yellow tint in the sample.
REQUIRED REAGENTS
Code
*
---
Description
Reagent Vial
Deionized Water
Q.ty/test Q.ty/set
1 vial 50 vials
5 mL 1 bottle
---
---
Potassium Persulfate
NaOH Solution 1.54 N
1 packet 50 packets
2 mL 1 bottle
HI 93763B-0 Molybdovanadate Reagent 0.5 mL 1 bottle
* Reagent Vial identification: P, white cap.
Note: Store the unused vials in their container in a cool and dark place.
REAGENT SET
HI 93763B-50 Reagents for up to 49 tests
For other accessories see page 77.
REQUIRED ACCESSORIES
C 9800-01 Hanna reactor (115 VAC)
C 9800-02 Hanna reactor (230 VAC)
HI 740216 test tube cooling rack (25 holes)
HI 740217 Laboratory bench safety shield
For other accessories see page 77.
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
Before starting to use the reagent kit it is recommended to read carefully all the instructions and the Health & Safety Data Sheet
(HSDS). Pay particular attention to all warnings, cautions and notes. Failure to do so may result in serious injury to the operator.
Phosphorus, Total HR
70
A zero reading was not taken. Follow the instruction described in the measurement procedures for zeroing the meter.
Under range. A blinking "0.00" indicates that the sample absorbs less light than the zero reference. Check the procedure and make sure that you use the same vial for reference (zero) and measurement (unless a reagent blank correction procedure is prescribed).
1) A flashing value of the maximum concentration indicates an over range condition. The concentration of the sample is beyond the programmed range: dilute the sample and rerun the test.
2) A flashing value lower than the maximum concentration indicates a low signal-tonoise ratio condition. In this case accuracy of the result is not guaranteed. Repeat the reading procedure.
11
TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT
The instructions listed below should be carefully followed during testing to ensure most accurate results.
COLLECTING AND MEASURING SAMPLES
• For adding the exact amount of sample or liquid reagent to the reagent vials it is strongly recommended to use the available
Hanna automatic fixed-volume pipettes or class A laboratory pipettes
(symbolized like a generic pipette tip in the following parameter related chapters): pipette code
HI 731340
HI 731341
HI 731342 volume
200 µL
1000 µL
2000 µL
For correct use of the automatic pipette, please follow the related
Instruction Sheet.
Alternatively, it is possible to use the optional HI 740142 1 mL graduated syringe or C115-00300 5 mL graduated syringe. For the correct use of the syringes, see instructions below.
1. In order to measure exactly e.g. 5 mL of reagent with the 5 mL syringe:
(a) push the plunger completely into the syringe and insert the tip into the solution.
(b) pull the plunger up until the lower edge of the seal is exactly on the 5 mL mark.
(c) take out the syringe and clean the outside of the syringe tip.
Be sure that no drops are hanging on the tip of the syringe, if so eliminate them. Then, keeping the syringe in vertical position above the vial, push the plunger completely down into the syringe. Now the exact amount of 5 mL has been added to the vial.
12
• Place the sample vial into the holder and push it completely down.
• Press READ DIRECT and "SIP" will blink on the display.
• The instrument directly displays concentration in mg/L of phosphate
(PO
4
3) on the Liquid Crystal Display.
• To convert the reading to mg/L of P
2
0.748.
O
5
, multiply by a factor of
• To convert the reading to mg/L of phosphorus (P) concentration, multiply by a factor of 0.326.
Note: for accurate measurements
1) wash glassware only with phosphate-free detergents
2) clean all glassware with 1 : 1 hydrochloric acid solution and rinse with deionized water.
INTERFERENCES
Interference may be caused by:
Bismuth: negative error
Fluoride: pH: negative error the sample should have a neutral pH
Sulfide: negative error .
To eliminate sulfide: add Bromine Water drop-wise until a pale yellow color develops; remove Bromine
Water excess by adding Phenol solution drop-wise.
Temperature: the method is temperature sensitive.
It is recommended to run measurements at T = 20 to 25 °C:
T < 20 °C causes a negative error
T > 25 °C causes a positive error
Turbidity: turbidity and suspended matter in large amounts may cause interference because the strongly acidic reaction conditions may dissolve suspended matter or cause desorption of phosphates from particles. Before measurement, turbidity or suspended matter should be removed by treatment with active carbon and by prior filtration.
69
Phosphorus, Reactive HR
• Select the program number corresponding to Reactive Phosphorus
High Range on the secondary LCD by pressing PROGRAM t and s.
• Remove the cap from two Reagent Vials.
• Add exactly 5.0 mL of sample to one vial (sample vial), and 5.0
mL of deionized water to the other vial (blank vial), while keeping the vials at a 45-degree angle.
2. In order to measure exactly e.g. 0.5 mL of reagent with the 1 mL syringe:
(a) push the plunger completely into the syringe and insert the tip into the solution.
(b) pull the plunger up until the lower edge of the seal is exactly on the 0.0 mL mark.
(c) take out the syringe and clean the outside of the syringe tip.
Be sure that no drops are hanging on the tip of the syringe, if so eliminate them. Then, keeping the syringe in vertical position above the vial, push the plunger down into the syringe until the lower edge of the seal is exactly on the 0.5
mL mark. Now the exact amount of 0.5 mL has been added to the vial, even if the tip still contains some solution.
• Replace the cap and mix by inverting each vial a couple of times.
• Place the blank vial into the holder and push it completely down.
• Press TIMER and the display will show the countdown prior to the measurement. Alternatively, wait for 7 minutes and press ZERO. In both cases "SIP" will blink during measurement.
• Wait for a few seconds and the display will show “-0.0-”. Now the meter is zeroed and ready for measurement.
• Remove the blank vial.
Phosphorus, Reactive HR
68
• Color or suspended matter in large amounts may cause interference, therefore, these should be removed by treatment with active carbon and by prior filtration.
USING LIQUID AND POWDER REAGENTS
• Proper use of the dropper:
(a) to get good reproducible results, tap the dropper on the table for several times and wipe the outside of the dropper tip with a cloth.
(b) always keep the dropper bottle in a vertical position while dosing the reagent.
13
• Proper use of the powder reagent packet:
(a) use scissors to open the powder packet;
(b) push the edges of the packet to form a spout;
(c) pour out the content of the packet.
USING VIALS
• Never insert hot vials in the instrument, or the cuvet holder may become damaged.
• In order to avoid reagent leaking and to obtain most accurate results, it is recommended to close the vial tightly with the supplied cap after addition of reagents or sample.
• Shaking the vial can generate bubbles in the sample, causing higher readings. To obtain accurate measurements, remove such bubbles by swirling or by gently tapping the vial.
• Proper mixing is very important for reproducibility of the measurements. The right way of mixing a vial is specified for each parameter in the related chapter.
(a) invert the vial a couple of times or for a specified time: hold the vial in the vertical position with the cap up. Turn the vial upside-down and wait for all of the solution to flow to the cap end, then return the vial to the upright vertical position and wait for all of the solution to flow to the vial bottom. This is one inversion. The right speed of this mixing technic takes 30 seconds to complete 10 inversions.
PHOSPHORUS, REACTIVE HIGH RANGE
SPECIFICATIONS
Range
Resolution
Precision
0.0 to 100.0 mg/L (as PO
4
3)
0.1 mg/L
±3.0 @ 75.0 mg/L
Typical EMC ±0.1 mg/L
Deviation
Light Source Tungsten lamp with narrow band interference filter
@ 420 nm
Method Adaptation of the Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20 th edition, 4500-P C, vanadomolybdophosphoric acid method. The reaction between orthophosphate and the reagents causes a yellow tint in the sample.
REQUIRED REAGENTS
*
Code
---
Description
Reagent Vial
Deionized Water
Q.ty/test Q.ty/set
1 vial 50 vials
5 mL 1 bottle
* Reagent Vial identification: P, green cap.
Note: Store the unused vials in their container in a cool and dark place.
REAGENT SET
HI 93763A-50 Reagents for up to 49 tests
For other accessories see page 77.
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
Before starting to use the reagent kit it is recommended to read carefully all the instructions and the Health &
Safety Data Sheet (HSDS). Pay particular attention to all warnings, cautions and notes. Failure to do so may result in serious injury to the operator.
Reagent Blank Correction: This method needs a reagent blank correction. A single blank vial may be used more than once; the blank vial is stable up to two weeks (room temperature). For most accurate measurement, run a blank for each set of measurements and always use the same lot of reagents for blank and samples.
This mixing technic is indicated like “invert to mix”, with the icon: invert to mix
14 67
Phosphorus, Reactive HR
• Press TIMER and the display will show the countdown prior to the measurement. Alternatively, wait for 3 minutes and press READ
DIRECT. In both cases "SIP" will blink during measurement.
• The instrument directly displays concentration in mg/L of phosphate
(PO
4
3) on the Liquid Crystal Display.
The method detects free (orthophosphate), condensed inorganic forms (meta-, pyro- and other polyphosphates) and organic forms of phosphates present in the sample.
• To convert the reading to mg/L of P
2
0.748.
O
5
, multiply by a factor of
• To convert the reading to mg/L of phosphorus (P) concentration, multiply by a factor of 0.326.
Note: for accurate measurements
1) wash glassware only with phosphate-free detergents
2) clean all glassware with 1 : 1 hydrochloric acid solution and rinse with deionized water.
INTERFERENCES
Interference may be caused by:
Arsenate: at any level
Silica: above 50 mg/L
Sulfide: above 90 mg/L.
Turbidity: turbidity and suspended matter in large amounts may cause interference because the strongly acidic reaction conditions may dissolve suspended matter or cause desorption of phosphates from particles. Before measurement, turbidity or suspended matter should be removed by treatment with active carbon and by prior filtration.
(b) shake the vial: move the vial up and down. The movement may be gentle or vigorous.
This mixing method is indicated like “shake gently” or “shake vigorously”, with the icons: shake gently shake vigorously
• To obtain most reproducible readings, insert the test vial always in the same way into the holder: place an orientation sign by marking the vial with a pencil on the white band. As reference you can use the alignment indicator on the top of the casing.
Pay attention to push the vial completely down in the holder.
Phosphorus, Total
66
• Whenever the vial is placed into the measurement cell, it must be dry outside, and completely free of fingerprints, oil or dirt. Wipe it thoroughly with HI 731318 or a lint-free cloth prior to insertion.
15
• Do not let the reacted sample stand too long after reagent is added, or accuracy will be lost.
• It is possible to take multiple readings in a row, but it is recommended to take a new zero reading for each sample and to use the same vial for zeroing and measurement where possible
(for most precise results follow carefully the measurement procedures).
• All the reaction times reported in this manual are referred to 20°C
(68°F). As a general rule of thumb, they should be doubled at
10°C (50°F) and halved at 30°C (86°F).
DIGESTION
• Some analytical methods do require digestion of the sample. Use for digestion of the vials only the Hanna C9800 block heater.
Use of the optional HI 740217 safety shield is strongly recommended. For correct use of the reactor follow the Reactor
Instruction Manual. At the end of the digestion period, the vials are still hot: allow the vials to cool to room temperature in the optional HI 740216 test tube cooling rack.
REAGENT BLANK CORRECTION
• The measurement procedure of some parameters requires a “reagent blank correction”. The blank and the sample are prepared exactly in the same way, with the only difference that for the blank deionized water is used instead of sample.
A blank vial may be used more than once: stability and storing conditions are described for each parameter in the related chapter.
INTERFERENCES
• In the parameter related measurement sections we have reported the most common interferences that may be present in an average wastewater matrix. It may be that for a particular treatment process other compounds do interfere with the method of analysis.
16
• Replace the cap tightly and mix by inverting the vial a couple of times.
This is the blank.
• Mark the vial with a pencil on the white band to place an orientation sign. Use this sign to insert the test vial always in the same position into the holder.
• Place the vial into the holder and push it completely down.
• Press ZERO and “SIP” will blink on the display.
• Wait for a few seconds and the display will show “-0.0-”. Now the meter is zeroed and ready for measurement.
• Remove the vial.
• Remove the cap and add the content of one packet of HI 93758-0
Phosphorus Reagent.
• Replace the cap tightly and shake gently to mix for about 2 minutes until all the powder is completely dissolved. This is the reacted sample.
• Place the vial into the holder and push it completely down. Ensure that the vial orientation respect to the holder is the same as the blank.
65
Phosphorus, Total
• Preheat the Hanna Reactor C 9800 to 150 °C (302°F). For correct use of the reactor follow Reactor Instruction Manual.
Use of the optional HI 740217 safety shield is strongly recommended.
Do not use an oven or microwave because leaking samples can generate a corrosive and possibly explosive atmosphere.
• Remove the cap from a Reagent
Vial.
• Add exactly 5.0 mL of sample to the vial, while keeping the vial at a 45-degree angle.
• Add the content of one packet of Potassium Persulfate for
Phosphorus analysis. Replace the cap and shake gently the vial until all the powder is completely dissolved.
• Insert the vial into the reactor and heat it for 30 minutes at 150°C.
• At the end of the digestion place the vials carefully in the test tube rack and allow to cool to room temperature.
Warning: as the vials are still hot, be careful in handling them.
• Select the program number corresponding to Total Phosphorus on the secondary LCD by pressing
PROGRAM t and s.
• Remove the cap from the vial and add exactly 2.0 mL of Sodium
Hydroxide (NaOH) Solution 1,54 N, while keeping the vial at a 45-degree angle.
Phosphorus, Total
64
PARAMETERS REFERENCE TABLES
C 214 - WATER TREATMENT APPLICATION
Program n° Parameter Parameter code description
1 HI 93764A Ammonia LR
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Page
HI 93764B Ammonia HR
HI 93701
HI 93711
Chlorine, Free
Chlorine, Total
22
25
HI 93766 Nitrate
HI 93767A Nitrogen, Total LR
HI 93767B Nitrogen, Total HR
HI 93754A Oxygen Demand,
Chemical (COD) LR
HI 93754B Oxygen Demand,
Chemical (COD) MR
43
47
50
HI 93754C Oxygen Demand,
Chemical (COD) HR
HI 93758A Phosphorus, Reactive
53
56
HI 93758B Phosphorus, Acid Hydrolyzable 59
28
31
34
37
13
14
15
HI 93758C Phosphorus, Total
HI 93763A Phosphorus, Reactive HR
HI 93763B Phosphorus, Total HR
63
67
70
VIALS IDENTIFICATION
Vials related to different parameters can be distinguished by mean of a letter printed on the vial (beside the Hanna logo) and the cap color:
17
• The letter refers to:
A
N
: ammonia
: nitrate; total nitrogen
P : phosphorus
(no letter) : chemical oxygen demand (COD) and generic empty vials.
• The cap color allows distinguishing different vials that are used to measure the same analyte (indicated by the letter code), but for a different range, or between different vials used in a single measurement procedure.
Note that different parameters use sometimes the same vials (thus with
Parameter
HI 93764A Ammonia LR
HI 93764B Ammonia HR
HI 93701 Chlorine, Free
HI 93711 Chlorine, Total
HI 93766 Nitrate
HI 93767A Nitrogen, Total LR
HI 93767B Nitrogen, Total HR
Vial letter Vial cap color
A white
A green
(no letter) white
(no letter) white
N white
N green (digestion vial) white (reagent vial)
N red (digestion vial) white (reagent vial)
(no letter) red HI 93754A Oxygen Demand,
Chemical (COD) LR
HI 93754B Oxygen Demand,
Chemical (COD) MR
(no letter) white
HI 93754C Oxygen Demand,
Chemical (COD) HR
HI 93758A Phosphorus, Reactive
(no letter)
HI 93758B Phosphorus,
Acid Hydrolyzable
HI 93758C Phosphorus, Total
HI 93763A Phosphorus, Reactive HR P
P
P
P green red white white green
HI 93763B Phosphorus, Total HR P white
18
PHOSPHORUS, TOTAL
SPECIFICATIONS
Range
Resolution
Precision
0.00 to 3.50 mg/L (as PO
4
3)
0.01 mg/L
±0.06 @ 2.50 mg/L
Typical EMC ±0.01 mg/L
Deviation
Light Source Tungsten lamp with narrow band interference filter
@ 610 nm
Method Adaptation of the EPA method 365.2 and Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, 20 th edition, 4500-P E, ascorbic acid method. A persulfate digestion converts organic and condensed inorganic forms of phosphates to orthophosphate. Then the reaction between orthophosphate and the reagents causes a blue tint in the sample.
REQUIRED REAGENTS
Code
*
---
Description
Reagent Vial
Q.ty/test
1 vial
Q.ty/set
50 vials
Potassium Persulfate 1 packet 50 packets
--NaOH Solution 1.54 N 2 mL 1 bottle
HI 93758-0 Phosphorus Reagent 1 packet 50 packets
*
Reagent Vial identification: P, white cap.
Note: Store the unused vials in their container in a cool and dark place.
REAGENT SET
HI 93758C-50 Reagents for 50 tests
For other accessories see page 77.
REQUIRED ACCESSORIES
C 9800-01 Hanna reactor (115 VAC)
C 9800-02 Hanna reactor (230 VAC)
HI 740216 test tube cooling rack (25 holes)
HI 740217 Laboratory bench safety shield
For other accessories see page 77.
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
Before starting to use the reagent kit it is recommended to read carefully all the instructions and the Health & Safety Data Sheet
(HSDS). Pay particular attention to all warnings, cautions and notes. Failure to do so may result in serious injury to the operator.
63
Phosphorus, Total
• The instrument directly displays concentration in mg/L of phosphate (PO
4
3) on the Liquid Crystal Display.
The method detects free (orthophosphate) and condensed inorganic forms (meta-, pyro- and other polyphosphates) of phosphates present in the sample.
• To convert the reading to mg/L of P
2
0.748.
O
5
, multiply by a factor of
• To convert the reading to mg/L of phosphorus (P) concentration, multiply by a factor of 0.326.
Note: for accurate measurements
1) wash glassware only with phosphate-free detergents
2) clean all glassware with 1 : 1 hydrochloric acid solution and rinse with deionized water.
INTERFERENCES
Interference may be caused by:
Arsenate: at any level
Silica: above 50 mg/L
Sulfide: above 9 mg/L.
To eliminate sulfide: add Bromine Water drop-wise until a pale yellow color develops; remove Bromine Water excess by adding Phenol solution drop-wise.
Turbidity: turbidity and suspended matter in large amounts may cause interference because the strongly acidic reaction conditions may dissolve suspended matter or cause desorption of phosphates from particles. Before measurement, turbidity or suspended matter should be removed by treatment with active carbon and by prior filtration.
HEALTH & SAFETY
The chemicals contained in the reagent kits may be hazardous if improperly handled. Read the Health & Safety
Data Sheet before performing tests.
Safety equipment: Wear suitable eye protection and clothing when required, and follow instructions carefully.
Reagent spills: If reagent spillage occurs, wipe up immediately and rinse with plenty of water.
If reagent contacts skin, rinse the affected area thoroughly with water.
Avoid breathing released vapors.
Reagent vial disposal: Reagents vials may contain different waste pollutants. After use dispose of the reagent vials according to the local regulations.
Phosphorus, Acid Hydrolyzable
62 19
OPERATIONAL GUIDE
POWER CONNECTION
Plug the 12VDC adapter (
HI 710005 - 110VDC, or HI 710006 -
220VDC) into the DC socket. Plug the adapter into the outlet.
Alternatively, remove the battery cover on the back of the meter; attach 2 fresh 9V batteries and replace the cover.
Note: Insure the main line is surge protected.
Note: Always turn the meter off before unplugging it to insure no data is lost.
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
• Turn the meter on by pressing ON/OFF.
• The meter will first perform an LCD auto diagnostic test by displaying a full set of figures.
• Then it will show a scrolling
"c 214 Hanna Inst" message.
• When the LCD displays “----”, the meter is ready. On the secondary LCD "P1" will appear to inform that the first parameter measurement procedure (Ammonia LR) can be performed.
• Press the PROGRAM t and PROGRAM s keys to select the desired parameter.
For the program number, see the parameters reference table on page 17 or look at the list printed on the mask of the meter.
20
• Mark the vial with a pencil on the white band to place an orientation sign. Use this sign to insert the test vial always in the same position into the holder.
• Place the vial into the holder and push it completely down.
• Press ZERO and “SIP” will blink on the display.
• Wait for a few seconds and the display will show “-0.0-”. Now the meter is zeroed and ready for measurement.
• Remove the vial.
• Remove the cap and add the content of one packet of HI 93758-0
Phosphorus Reagent.
• Replace the cap tightly and shake gently to mix for 2 minutes until most of the powder is dissolved. This is the reacted sample.
• Place the vial into the holder and push it completely down. Ensure that the vial orientation respect to the holder is the same of the blank.
• Press TIMER and the display will show the countdown prior to the measurement. Alternatively, wait for 3 minutes and press READ
DIRECT. In both cases "SIP" will blink during measurement.
61
Phosphorus, Acid Hydrolyzable
• Preheat the Hanna Reactor C 9800 to 150 °C (302°F). For correct use of the reactor follow Reactor Instruction Manual.
Use of the optional HI 740217 safety shield is strongly recommended.
Do not use an oven or microwave because leaking samples can generate a corrosive and possibly explosive atmosphere.
• Remove the cap from a Reagent Vial.
• Add exactly 5.0 mL of sample to the vial, while keeping the vial at a 45degree angle.
• Replace the cap and mix by inverting the vial a couple of times.
• Insert the vial into the reactor and heat it for 30 minutes at 150°C.
• At the end of the digestion place the vials carefully in the test tube rack and allow to cool to room temperature.
Warning: as the vials are still hot, be careful in handling them.
• Select the program number corresponding to Acid Hydrolyzable
Phosphorus on the secondary LCD by pressing PROGRAM t and s.
• Remove the cap from the vial and add exactly 2.0 mL of Sodium
Hydroxide (NaOH) Solution 1,20 N, while keeping the vial at a 45-degree angle.
• Replace the cap tightly and mix by inverting the vial a couple of times.
This is the blank.
Phosphorus, Acid Hydrolyzable
60
• After the desired program number appears on the secondary display, follow the measurement procedure described in the related chapter.
• Select a new parameter measurement procedure by pressing the
PROGRAM t and PROGRAM s keys.
Note: in the following measurement sections, a generic "P– –" will be placed on the secondary LCD instead of the exact related message (e.g. "P2" for Ammonia
HR).
• Before performing a test read carefully all the instructions related to the selected parameter.
21
AMMONIA LOW RANGE
SPECIFICATIONS
Range
Resolution
Precision
0.00 to 3.00 mg/L (as NH
3
0.01 mg/L
-N)
±0.03 @ 1.50 mg/L
Typical EMC ±0.01 mg/L
Deviation
Light Source Tungsten lamp with narrow band interference filter
@ 420 nm
Method Adaptation of the ASTM Manual of Water and
Environmental Technology, D1426-92, Nessler method. The reaction between ammonia and reagents causes a yellow tint in the sample.
REQUIRED REAGENTS
Code Description Q.ty/test Q.ty/set
* Reagent Vial 1 vial
HI 93764-0 Nessler Reagent 4 drops
25 vials
1 bottle
*
Reagent Vial identification: A, white cap.
Note: Store the unused vials in their container in a cool and dark place.
REAGENT SET
HI 93764A-25 Reagents for 25 tests
For other accessories see page 77.
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
• Select the program number corresponding to Ammonia LR on the secondary LCD by pressing PROGRAM t and s.
• Remove the cap from a Reagent Vial.
• Add exactly 5.0 mL of sample to the vial, while keeping the vial at a 45degree angle.
• Replace the cap and mix by inverting the vial a couples of times. This is the blank.
Ammonia LR
22
PHOSPHORUS, ACID HYDROLYZABLE
SPECIFICATIONS
Range
Resolution
Precision
0.00 to 5.00 mg/L (as PO
4
3)
0.01 mg/L
±0.06 @ 2.50 mg/L
Typical EMC ±0.01 mg/L
Deviation
Light Source Tungsten lamp with narrow band interference filter
@ 610 nm
Method Adaptation of the EPA method 365.2 and Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, 20 th edition, 4500-P E, ascorbic acid method. A mild acid digestion converts condensed inorganic forms of phosphates to orthophosphate.
Then the reaction between orthophosphate and the reagents causes a blue tint in the sample.
REQUIRED REAGENTS
Code
*
---
Description
Reagent Vial
NaOH Solution 1.20 N
Q.ty/test
1 vial
2 mL
Q.ty/set
50 vials
1 bottle
HI 93758-0 Phosphorus Reagent 1 packet 50 packets
* Reagent Vial identification: P, white cap.
Note: Store the unused vials in their container in a cool and dark place.
REAGENT SET
HI 93758B-50 Reagents for 50 tests
For other accessories see page 77.
REQUIRED ACCESSORIES
C 9800-01 Hanna reactor (115 VAC)
C 9800-02 Hanna reactor (230 VAC)
HI 740216 test tube cooling rack (25 holes)
HI 740217 Laboratory bench safety shield
For other accessories see page 77.
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
Before starting to use the reagent kit it is recommended to read carefully all the instructions and the Health &
Safety Data Sheet (HSDS). Pay particular attention to all warnings, cautions and notes. Failure to do so may result in serious injury to the operator.
59
Phosphorus, Acid Hydrolyzable
• The instrument directly displays concentration in mg/L of phosphate (PO
4
3) on the Liquid Crystal Display.
• To convert the reading to mg/L of P
2
0.748.
O
5
, multiply by a factor of
• To convert the reading to mg/L of phosphorus (P) concentration, multiply by a factor of 0.326.
Note: for accurate measurements
1) wash glassware only with phosphate-free detergents
2) clean all glassware with 1 : 1 hydrochloric acid solution and rinse with deionized water.
INTERFERENCES
Interference may be caused by:
Arsenate: at any level
Silica: above 50 mg/L
Sulfide: above 6 mg/L.
To eliminate sulfide: add Bromine Water drop-wise until a pale yellow color develops; remove Bromine Water excess by adding Phenol solution drop-wise.
Turbidity: turbidity and suspended matter in large amounts may cause interference because the reaction conditions may dissolve suspended matter or cause desorption of phosphates from particles. Turbidity or suspended matter should be removed before measurement by treatment with active carbon and by prior filtration.
Phosphorus, Reactive
58
• Mark the vial with a pencil on the white band to place an orientation sign. Use this sign to insert the test vial always in the same position into the holder.
• Place the vial into the holder and push it completely down.
• Press ZERO and “SIP” will blink on the display.
• Wait for a few seconds and the display will show “-0.0-”. Now the meter is zeroed and ready for measurement.
• Remove the vial.
• Remove the cap and add 4 drops of
HI 93764-0 Nessler Reagent.
• Replace the cap tightly and mix by inverting the vial a couples of times.
This is the sample.
• Place the vial into the holder and push it completely down. Ensure that the vial orientation respect to the holder is the same as the blank.
• Press TIMER and the display will show the countdown prior to the measurement. Alternatively, wait for 3 minutes and 30 seconds and press READ DIRECT. In both cases "SIP" will blink during measurement.
23
Ammonia LR
• The instrument directly displays concentration in mg/L of ammonia nitrogen (NH
3
-N) on the Liquid Crystal Display.
• To convert the reading to mg/L of ammonia (NH
3 factor of 1.214.
), multiply by a
INTERFERENCES
Interference may be caused by:
• Organic compounds like: chloramines, various aliphatic and aromatic amines, glycine or urea above 10 ppm N (positive error).
To eliminate these interferences distillation is required.
• Organic compounds like: aldehydes, alcohols (e.g. ethanol) or acetone above 0.1 % (negative error).
To eliminate these interferences distillation is required.
• Sulfide: may cause turbidity.
• Mark the vial with a pencil on the white band to place an orientation sign. Use this sign to insert the test vial always in the same position into the holder.
• Place the vial into the holder and push it completely down.
• Press ZERO and “SIP” will blink on the display.
• Wait for a few seconds and the display will show “-0.0-”. Now the meter is zeroed and ready for measurement.
• Remove the vial.
• Remove the cap and add the content of one packet of HI 93758-0
Phosphorus Reagent.
• Replace the cap tightly and shake gently to mix for 2 minutes until most of the powder is dissolved. This is the reacted sample.
• Place the vial into the holder and push it completely down. Ensure that the vial orientation respect to the holder is the same as the blank.
• Press TIMER and the display will show the countdown prior to the measurement. Alternatively, wait for 3 minutes and press READ
DIRECT. In both cases "SIP" will blink during measurement.
Ammonia LR
24 57
Phosphorus, Reactive
PHOSPHORUS, REACTIVE
SPECIFICATIONS
Range
Resolution
Precision
0.00 to 5.00 mg/L (as PO
4
3)
0.01 mg/L
±0.05 @ 2.50 mg/L
Typical EMC ±0.01 mg/L
Deviation
Light Source Tungsten lamp with narrow band interference filter
@ 610 nm
Method Adaptation of the EPA method 365.2 and Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, 20 th edition, 4500-P E, ascorbic acid method. The reaction between orthophosphate and the reagent causes a blue tint in the sample.
REQUIRED REAGENTS
*
Code Description
Reagent Vial
Q.ty/test
1 vial
Q.ty/set
50 vials
HI 93758-0 Phosphorus Reagent 1 packet 50 packets
*
Reagent Vial identification: P, red cap.
REAGENT SET
HI 93758A-50 Reagents for 50 tests
For other accessories see page 77.
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
• Select the program number corresponding to Reactive Phosphorus on the secondary LCD by pressing PROGRAM t and s.
• Remove the cap from a Reagent Vial.
• Add exactly 5.0 mL of sample to the vial, while keeping the vial at a 45degree angle.
• Replace the cap and mix by inverting the vial a couple of times. This is the blank.
Phosphorus, Reactive
56
AMMONIA HIGH RANGE
SPECIFICATIONS
Range
Resolution
Precision
0 to 100 mg/L (as NH
3
1 mg/L
-N)
±3 @ 50 mg/L
Typical EMC ±1 mg/L
Deviation
Light Source Tungsten lamp with narrow band interference filter
@ 420 nm
Method Adaptation of the ASTM Manual of Water and
Environmental Technology, D1426-92, Nessler method. The reaction between ammonia and reagents causes a yellow tint in the sample.
REQUIRED REAGENTS
Code Description Q.ty/test Q.ty/set
* Reagent Vial 1 vial
HI 93764-0 Nessler Reagent 4 drops
25 vials
1 bottle
*
Reagent Vial identification: A, green cap.
Note: Store the unused vials in their container in a cool and dark place.
REAGENT SET
HI 93764B-25 Reagents for 25 tests
For other accessories see page 77.
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
• Select the program number corresponding to Ammonia HR on the secondary LCD by pressing PROGRAM t and s.
• Remove the cap from a Reagent Vial.
• Add exactly 1.0 mL of sample to the vial, while keeping the vial at a 45degree angle.
• Replace the cap and mix by inverting the vial a couples of times. This is the blank.
25
Ammonia HR
• Mark the vial with a pencil on the white band to place an orientation sign. Use this sign to insert the test vial always in the same position into the holder.
• Place the vial into the holder and push it completely down.
• Press ZERO and “SIP” will blink on the display.
• Wait for a few seconds and the display will show “-0.0-”. Now the meter is zeroed and ready for measurement.
• Remove the vial.
• Remove the cap and add 4 drops of
HI 93764-0 Nessler Reagent.
• Replace the cap tightly and mix by inverting the vial a couples of times.
This is the sample.
• Place the vial into the holder and push it completely down. Ensure that the vial orientation respect to the holder is the same as the blank.
• Press TIMER and the display will show the countdown prior to the measurement. Alternatively, wait for 3 minutes and 30 seconds and press READ DIRECT. In both cases "SIP" will blink during measurement.
Ammonia HR
26
• Select the program number corresponding to Oxygen Demand,
Chemical HR (COD) on the secondary LCD by pressing PROGRAM t and s.
• Place the blank vial into the holder and push it completely down.
• Press ZERO and "SIP" will blink on the display.
• Wait for a few seconds and the display will show “-0.0-”. Now the meter is zeroed and ready for measurement.
• Remove the blank vial.
• Place the sample vial into the holder and push it completely down.
• Press READ DIRECT and "SIP" will blink during measurement.
• Multiply the reading on the Liquid Crystal Display by 10 to obtain the concentration in mg/L of oxygen demand.
INTERFERENCES
Interference may be caused by:
Chlorides (Cl ): above 20000 mg/L.
Samples with higher chloride concentration should be diluted.
55
COD HR
• Choose a homogeneous sample. Samples containing settleable solids need to be homogenized with a blender.
• Preheat the Hanna Reactor C 9800 to 150 °C (302°F). For correct use of the reactor follow Reactor Instruction Manual.
Use of the optional HI 740217 safety shield is strongly recommended.
Do not use an oven or microwave because leaking samples can generate a corrosive and possibly explosive atmosphere.
• Remove the cap from two Reagent Vials.
• Add exactly 0.2 mL of sample to one vial (sample vial), and 0.2
mL of deionized water to the other vial (blank vial), while keeping the vials at a 45-degree angle. Replace the cap tightly and mix by inverting each vial a couple of times.
Warning: as the vials become very hot during mixing, be careful in handling them.
• The instrument directly displays concentration in mg/L of ammonia nitrogen (NH
3
-N) on the Liquid Crystal Display.
• To convert the reading to mg/L of ammonia (NH
3 factor of 1.214.
), multiply by a
INTERFERENCES
Interference may be caused by:
• Organic compounds like: chloramines, various aliphatic and aromatic amines, glycine or urea above 100 ppm N (positive error).
To eliminate these interferences distillation is required.
• Organic compounds like: aldehydes, alcohols (e.g. ethanol) or acetone above 1 % (negative error).
To eliminate these interferences distillation is required.
• Sulfide: may cause turbidity.
• Insert the vials into the reactor and heat them for 2 hours at 150°C.
• At the end of the digestion period switch off the reactor. Wait for twenty minutes to allow the vials to cool to about 120°C.
• Invert each vial several times while still warm, then place them in the test tube rack.
Warning: as the vials are still hot, be careful in handling them.•
Leave the vials in the tube rack to cool to room temperature. Do not shake or invert them anymore otherwise the samples may become turbid.
COD HR
54 27
Ammonia HR
CHLORINE, FREE
SPECIFICATIONS
Range
Resolution
Precision
Typical EMC
Deviation
0.00 to 5.00 mg/L
0.01 mg/L from 0.00 to 0.99 mg/L;
0.1 mg/L above 0.99 mg/L
±0.04 @ 1.00 mg/L
±0.01 mg/L
Light Source
Tungsten lamp with narrow band interference filter
@ 525 nm
Method Adaptation of the EPA method 330.5 and
Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, 20 th edition, 4500-Cl G, DPD method.
The reaction between free chlorine and the DPD reagent causes a pink tint in the sample.
Standard
REQUIRED REAGENTS
Code
HI 93701-0
Description
DPD Powder Reagent
REAGENT SETS
HI 93701-01 Reagents for 100 tests
HI 93701-03 Reagents for 300 tests
For other accessories see page 77.
Q.ty/test
1 packet
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
• Select the program number corresponding to Free Chlorine on the secondary LCD by pressing PROGRAM t and s.
• Fill an empty sample vial with 10 mL of unreacted sample, up to the center of the white band, then replace the cap. This is the blank.
Note: the exact measurement of the sample volume is not needed: just fill the vial to a level between the lower and the upper edge of the white band.
• Mark the vial with a pencil on the white band to place an orientation sign. Use this sign to insert the test vial always in the same position into the holder.
Chlorine, Free
28
OXYGEN DEMAND, CHEMICAL HIGH RANGE
SPECIFICATIONS
Range
Resolution
Precision
0 to 15000 mg/L
10 mg/L
±220 @ 10000 mg/L
Typical EMC ±10 mg/L
Deviation
Light Source Tungsten lamp with narrow band interference filter
@ 610 nm
Method Adaptation of the USEPA 410.4 approved method for the COD determination on surface waters and wastewaters. Oxidizable organic compounds reduce the dichromate ion (orange) to the chromic ion
(green). The amount of chromic ion formed is determined.
REQUIRED REAGENTS
Code
*
---
Description
Reagent Vial
Deionized Water
Q.ty/test Q.ty/set
1 vial
0.2 mL
25 vials optional
*
Reagent Vial identification: (no letter), green cap.
Note: Store the unused vials in their container in a cool and dark place.
REAGENT SET
HI 93754C-25 Reagents for up to 24 tests
REQUIRED ACCESSORIES
C 9800-01 Hanna reactor (115 VAC)
C 9800-02
Hanna reactor (230 VAC)
HI 740216 Test tube cooling rack (25 holes)
HI 740217 Laboratory bench safety shield
For other accessories see page 77.
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
Before starting to use the reagent kit it is recommended to read carefully all the instructions and the Health &
Safety Data Sheet (HSDS). Pay particular attention to all warnings, cautions and notes. Failure to do so may result in serious injury to the operator.
Reagent Blank Correction: This method needs a reagent blank correction. A single blank vial may be used more than once. The blank vial is stable for several months (room temperature). For most accurate measurement, run a blank for each set of measurements and always use the same lot of reagents for blank and samples.
53
COD HR
• Select the program number corresponding to Oxygen Demand,
Chemical MR (COD) on the secondary LCD by pressing PROGRAM t and s.
• Place the blank vial into the holder and push it completely down.
• Press ZERO and "SIP" will blink on the display.
• Wait for a few seconds and the display will show “-0.0-”. Now the meter is zeroed and ready for measurement.
• Remove the blank vial.
• Place the sample vial into the holder and push it completely down.
• Press READ DIRECT and "SIP" will blink during measurement.
• The instrument directly displays concentration in mg/L of oxygen demand on the Liquid Crystal Display.
INTERFERENCES
Interference may be caused by:
Chlorides (Cl ): above 2000 mg/L.
Samples with higher chloride concentration should be diluted.
COD MR
52
• Place the vial into the holder and push it completely down.
• Press ZERO and “SIP” will blink on the display.
• Wait for a few seconds and the display will show “-0.0-”. Now the meter is zeroed and ready for measurement.
• Remove the vial.
• Remove the cap and add the content of one packet of HI 93701-0 Free
Chlorine Reagent.
• Replace the cap and shake gently to mix for about 20 seconds. This is the reacted sample.
• Place the vial into the holder and push it completely down. Ensure that the vial orientation respect to the holder is the same as the blank.
• Wait for 1 minute and press READ DIRECT. "SIP" will blink during measurement.
• The instrument directly displays concentration in mg/L of free chlorine on the Liquid Crystal Display.
INTERFERENCES
A positive interference may be caused by:
Bromine (Br
2
Iodine (I
)
2
)
29
Chlorine, Free
Oxidized forms of Chromium and Manganese
Ozone (O
3
)
Alkalinity above 250 mg/L CaCO
3 or acidity above 150 mg/L CaCO
3 will not reliably develop the full amount of color or it may rapidly fade. To resolve this, neutralize the sample with diluted HCl or NaOH.
In case of water with hardness greater than 500 mg/L CaCO
3
, shake the sample for approximately 2 minutes after adding the powder reagent.
• Choose a homogeneous sample. Samples containing settleable solids need to be homogenized with a blender.
• Preheat the Hanna Reactor C 9800 to 150 °C (302°F). For correct use of the reactor follow Reactor Instruction Manual.
Use of the optional HI 740217 safety shield is strongly recommended.
Do not use an oven or microwave because leaking samples can generate a corrosive and possibly explosive atmosphere.
• Remove the cap from two Reagent Vials.
• Add exactly 2.0 mL of sample to one vial (sample vial), and 2.0
mL of deionized water to the other vial (blank vial), while keeping the vials at a 45-degree angle. Replace the cap tightly and mix by inverting each vial a couple of times.
Warning: as the vials become very hot during mixing, be careful in handling them.
Chlorine, Free
30
• Insert the vials into the reactor and heat them for 2 hours at 150°C.
• At the end of the digestion period switch off the reactor. Wait for twenty minutes to allow the vials to cool to about 120°C.
• Invert each vial several times while still warm, then place them in a test tube rack.
Warning: as the vials are still hot, be careful in handling them.
• Leave the vials in the tube rack to cool to room temperature. Do not shake or invert them anymore otherwise the samples may become turbid.
51
COD MR
OXYGEN DEMAND, CHEMICAL MEDIUM
R A N G E
SPECIFICATIONS
Range
Resolution
Precision
0 to 1500 mg/L
1 mg/L
±22 @ 1000 mg/L
Typical EMC ±1 mg/L
Deviation
Light Source Tungsten lamp with narrow band interference filter
@ 610 nm
Method Adaptation of the USEPA 410.4 approved method for the COD determination on surface waters and wastewaters. Oxidizable organic compounds reduce the dichromate ion (orange) to the chromic ion
(green). The amount of chromic ion formed is determined.
REQUIRED REAGENTS
Code
*
---
Description
Reagent Vial
Deionized Water
Q.ty/test Q.ty/set
1 vial
2.0 mL
25 vials optional
*
Reagent Vial identification: (no letter), white cap.
Note: Store the unused vials in their container in a cool and dark place.
REAGENT SET
HI 93754B-25 Reagents for up to 24 tests
REQUIRED ACCESSORIES
C 9800-01 Hanna reactor (115 VAC)
C 9800-02
Hanna reactor (230 VAC)
HI 740216 Test tube cooling rack (25 holes)
HI 740217 Laboratory bench safety shield
For other accessories see page 77.
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
Before starting to use the reagent kit it is recommended to read carefully all the instructions and the Health &
Safety Data Sheet (HSDS). Pay particular attention to all warnings, cautions and notes. Failure to do so may result in serious injury to the operator.
Reagent Blank Correction: This method needs a reagent blank correction. A single blank vial may be used more than once. The blank vial is stable for several months (room temperature). For most accurate measurement, run a blank for each set of measurements and always use the same lot of reagents for blank and samples.
COD MR
50
CHLORINE, TOTAL
SPECIFICATIONS
Range
Resolution
Precision
Typical EMC
Deviation
0.00 to 5.00 mg/L
0.01 mg/L from 0.00 to 0.99 mg/L;
0.1 mg/L above 0.99 mg/L
±0.04 @ 1.00 mg/L
±0.01 mg/L
Light Source
Tungsten lamp with narrow band interference filter
@ 525 nm
Method Adaptation of the EPA method 330.5 and
Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, 20 th edition, 4500-Cl G, DPD method.
The reaction between chlorine and the DPD reagent causes a pink tint in the sample.
Standard
REQUIRED REAGENTS
Code
HI 93711-0
Description
DPD Powder Reagent
REAGENT SETS
HI 93711-01 Reagents for 100 tests
HI 93711-03 Reagents for 300 tests
For other accessories see page 77.
Q.ty/test
1 packet
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
• Select the program number corresponding to Total Chlorine on the secondary LCD by pressing PROGRAM t and s.
Fill an empty sample vial with 10 mL of unreacted sample, up to the center of the white band, then replace the cap. This is the blank.
Note: the exact measurement of the sample volume is not needed: just fill the vial to a level between the lower and the upper edge of the white band.
• Mark the vial with a pencil on the white band to place an orientation sign. Use this sign to insert the test vial always in the same position into the holder.
31
Chlorine, Total
• Place the vial into the holder and push it completely down.
• Press ZERO and “SIP” will blink on the display.
• Wait for a few seconds and the display will show “-0.0-”. Now the meter is zeroed and ready for measurement.
• Remove the vial.
• Remove the cap and add the content of one packet of HI 93711-0 Total
Chlorine Reagent.
• Replace the cap and shake gently to mix for about 20 seconds. This is the reacted sample.
• Place the vial into the holder and push it completely down. Ensure that the vial orientation respect to the holder is the same as the blank.
• Press TIMER and the display will show the countdown prior to the measurement. Alternatively, wait for 2 minutes and 30 seconds and press READ DIRECT. In both cases "SIP" will blink during measurement.
• The instrument directly displays concentration in mg/L of total chlorine on the Liquid Crystal Display.
• Select the program number corresponding to Oxygen Demand,
Chemical LR (COD) on the secondary LCD by pressing PROGRAM t and s.
• Place the blank vial into the holder and push it completely down.
• Press ZERO and "SIP" will blink on the display.
• Wait for a few seconds and the display will show “-0.0-”. Now the meter is zeroed and ready for measurement.
• Remove the blank vial.
• Place the sample vial into the holder and push it completely down.
• Press READ DIRECT and "SIP" will blink during measurement.
• The instrument directly displays concentration in mg/L of oxygen demand on the Liquid Crystal Display.
INTERFERENCES
Interference may be caused by:
Chlorides (Cl
-
): above 2000 mg/L.
Samples with higher chloride concentration should be diluted.
Chlorine, Total
32 49
COD LR
• Choose a homogeneous sample. Samples containing settleable solids need to be homogenized with a blender.
• Preheat the Hanna Reactor C 9800 to 150 °C (302°F). For correct use of the reactor follow Reactor Instruction Manual.
Use of the optional HI 740217 safety shield is strongly recommended.
Do not use an oven or microwave because leaking samples can generate a corrosive and possibly explosive atmosphere.
• Remove the cap from two Reagent Vials.
• Add exactly 2.0 mL of sample to one vial (sample vial), and 2.0
mL of deionized water to the other vial (blank vial), while keeping the vials at a 45-degree angle. Replace the cap tightly and mix by inverting each vial a couple of times.
Warning: as the vials become hot during mixing, be careful in handling them.
INTERFERENCES
A positive interference may be caused by:
Bromine (Br
2
Iodine (I
)
2
)
Oxidized forms of Chromium and Manganese
Ozone (O
3
)
Alkalinity above 250 mg/L CaCO
3 or acidity above 150 mg/L CaCO
3 will not reliably develop the full amount of color or it may rapidly fade. To resolve this, neutralize the sample with diluted HCl or NaOH.
In case of water with hardness greater than 500 mg/L CaCO
3
, shake the sample for approximately 2 minutes after adding the powder reagent.
• Insert the vials into the reactor and heat them for 2 hours at 150°C.
• At the end of the digestion period switch off the reactor. Wait for twenty minutes to allow the vials to cool to about 120°C.
• Invert each vial several times while still warm, then place them in the test tube rack.
Warning: as the vials are still hot, be careful in handling them.
• Leave the vials in the tube rack to cool to room temperature. Do not shake or invert them anymore otherwise the samples may become turbid.
COD LR
48 33
Chlorine, Total
NITRATE
SPECIFICATIONS
Range
Resolution
Precision
0.0 to 30.0 mg/L (as NO
3
-N)
0.1 mg/L
±0.5@ 25.0 mg/L
Typical EMC ±0.1 mg/L
Deviation
Light Source Tungsten lamp with narrow band interference filter
@ 420 nm
Method Chromotropic acid method. The reaction between nitrate and the reagents causes a yellow tint in the sample.
REQUIRED REAGENTS
Code Description
* Reagent Vial
HI 93766-0 Nitrate Reagent
*
Reagent Vial identification: N, white cap.
Q.ty/test Q.ty/set
1 vial 50 vials
1 packet 50 packets
Note: Store the unused vials in their container in a cool and dark place.
REAGENT SET
HI 93766-50 Reagents for 50 tests
For other accessories see page 77.
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
Before starting to use the reagent kit it is recommended to read carefully all the instructions and the Health &
Safety Data Sheet (HSDS). Pay particular attention to all warnings, cautions and notes. Failure to do so may result in serious injury to the operator.
• Select the program number corresponding to Nitrate on the secondary LCD by pressing PROGRAM t and s.
• Remove the cap from a Reagent Vial.
• Add exactly 1.0 mL of sample to the vial, while keeping the vial at a
45-degree angle.
Nitrate
34
OXYGEN DEMAND, CHEMICAL LOW RANGE
SPECIFICATIONS
Range
Resolution
Precision
0 to 150 mg/L
1 mg/L
±4 @ 150 mg/L
Typical EMC ±1 mg/L
Deviation
Light Source Tungsten lamp with narrow band interference filter
@ 420 nm
Method Adaptation of the USEPA 410.4 approved method for the COD determination on surface waters and wastewaters. Oxidizable organic compounds reduce the dichromate ion (orange) to the chromic ion
(green). The amount of remaining dichromate is determined.
REQUIRED REAGENTS
Code
*
---
Description
Reagent Vial
Deionized Water
Q.ty/test Q.ty/set
1 vial
2.0 mL
25 vials optional
*
Reagent Vial identification: (no letter), red cap.
Note: Store the unused vials in their container in a cool and dark place.
REAGENT SET
HI 93754A-25 Reagents for up to 24 tests
REQUIRED ACCESSORIES
C 9800-01 Hanna reactor (115 VAC)
C 9800-02
Hanna reactor (230 VAC)
HI 740216 Test tube cooling rack (25 holes)
HI 740217 Laboratory bench safety shield
For other accessories see page 77.
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
Before starting to use the reagent kit it is recommended to read carefully all the instructions and the Health &
Safety Data Sheet (HSDS). Pay particular attention to all warnings, cautions and notes. Failure to do so may result in serious injury to the operator.
Reagent Blank Correction: This method needs a reagent blank correction. A single blank vial may be used more than once. The blank vial is stable for several months (room temperature). For most accurate measurement, run a blank for each set of measurements and always use the same lot of reagents for blank and samples.
47
COD LR
• Place the blank vial into the holder and push it completely down.
• Press TIMER and the display will show the countdown prior to the measurement. Alternatively, wait for 5 minutes and press ZERO. In both cases "SIP" will blink during measurement.
• Wait for a few seconds and the display will show “-0.0-”. Now the meter is zeroed and ready for measurement.
• Remove the blank vial.
• Place the sample vial into the holder and push it completely down.
• Press READ DIRECT and "SIP" will blink on the display.
• The instrument directly displays concentration in mg/L of total nitrogen (N) on the Liquid Crystal Display. The method detects all organic and inorganic forms of nitrogen present in the sample.
• To convert the reading to mg/L of ammonia (NH
3 factor of 1.22.
), multiply by a
• To convert the reading to mg/L of nitrate NO
3 of 4.43.
-
, multiply by a factor
INTERFERENCES
Interference may be caused by:
Bromide (Br ): above 240 mg/L (positive error)
Chloride (Cl ): above 3000 mg/L (positive error)
Chromium (Cr 3+ ): above 0.5 mg/L
Nitrogen, Total HR
46
• Replace the cap tightly and invert the vial 10 times. This is the blank.
Warning: as the vial becomes hot during mixing, be careful in handling it.
Note: the method is technique sensitive: to obtain reproducible results it is strongly recommended to follow carefully the “invert” procedure described on page 14.
• Mark the vial with a pencil on the white band to place an orientation sign. Use this sign to insert the test vial always in the same position into the holder.
• Place the vial into the holder and push it completely down.
• Press ZERO and “SIP” will blink on the display.
• Wait for a few seconds and the display will show “-0.0-”. Now the meter is zeroed and ready for measurement.
• Remove the vial.
• Remove the cap and add the content of one packet of HI 93766-0 Nitrate
Reagent.
• Replace the cap tightly and invert the vial 10 times. This is the reacted sample.
Note: the method is technique sensitive: to obtain most reproducible results it is strongly recommended to follow carefully the “invert” procedure described on page 14.
35
Nitrate
• Place the vial into the holder and push it completely down. Ensure that the vial orientation respect to the holder is the same as the blank.
• Press TIMER and the display will show the countdown prior to the measurement. Alternatively, wait for 5 minutes and press READ
DIRECT. In both cases "SIP" will blink during measurement.
• The instrument directly displays concentration in mg/L of nitratenitrogen (NO
3
-
-N) on the Liquid Crystal Display.
• To convert the reading to mg/L of nitrate NO
3 of 4.43.
, multiply by a factor
INTERFERENCES
Interference may be caused by:
Barium (Ba 2+ ): above 1 mg/L (negative error)
Chloride (Cl ): above 1000 mg/L
Nitrite (NO
2
): above 50 mg/L (positive error).
Samples containing up to 100 mg/L nitrite may be measured after the following treatment: add 400 mg of urea to 10 mL of sample, mix until dissolution is complete, then proceed with the usual measurement procedure.
• Remove the cap from the vials and add the content of one packet of HI 93767-0 Total Nitrogen Reagent to each vial. Replace the cap tightly and shake gently the vials for 15 seconds.
• Wait for 2 minutes (without shaking the vials) to allow the reaction to complete.
• Remove the cap from two Reagent Vials ( white cap vials).
← white cap →
• Add exactly 2.0 mL of digested sample (from the digested red cap sample vial) to one Reagent Vial (sample vial), and 2.0 mL of digested blank (from the digested red cap blank vial) to the other vial (blank vial), while keeping the vials at a 45-degree angle.
Nitrate
36
• Replace the cap tightly and invert the vials 10 times.
Warning: as the vials become hot during mixing, be careful in handling them.
Note: the method is technique sensitive: to obtain most reproducible results it is strongly recommended to follow carefully the “invert” procedure described on page 14.
45
Nitrogen, Total HR
• Replace the cap tightly and shake vigorously the vials for about
30 seconds until all the powder is completely dissolved.
• Insert the vials into the reactor and heat them for 30 minutes at 105°C.
Note: to obtain most accurate results, it is strongly recommended to remove the vials frome the reactor after exactly 30 minutes.
• At the end of the digestion place the vials carefully in the test tube rack and allow to cool to room temperature.
Warning: as the vials are still hot, be careful in handling them.
• Select the program number corresponding to Total Nitrogen HR on the secondary LCD by pressing PROGRAM t and s.
• Remove the cap from the vials and add the content of one packet of Sodium Metabisulfite for Total Nitrogen analysis to each vial.
Replace the cap tightly and shake gently the vials for 15 seconds.
• Wait for 3 minutes (without shaking the vials) to allow the reaction to complete.
Nitrogen, Total HR
44
NITROGEN, TOTAL LOW RANGE
SPECIFICATIONS
Range
Resolution
Precision
0.0 to 25.0 mg/L
0.1 mg/L
±0.5 @ 15.0 mg/L
Typical EMC ±0.1 mg/L
Deviation
Light Source Tungsten lamp with narrow band interference filter
@ 420 nm
Method Chromotropic acid method. A persulfate digestion converts all forms of nitrogen to nitrate. Then the reaction between nitrate and the reagents causes a yellow tint in the sample.
REQUIRED REAGENTS
Code
*
---
Description
Digestion Vial
Deionized Water
Q.ty/test Q.ty/set
1 vial 50 vials
2 mL 1 bottle
---
---
Potassium Persulfate 1 packet 50 packets
Sodium Metabisulfite 1 packet 50 packets
HI 93767-0 Total Nitrogen Reagent 1 packet 50 packets
** Reagent Vial 1 vial 50 vials
*
Digestion Vial identification: N, green cap.
**
Reagent Vial identification: N, white cap.
Note: Store the unused vials in their container in a cool and dark place.
REAGENT SET
HI 93767A-50 Reagents for up to 49 tests. Contains:
Box 1: HI 93767A-50 Reagent Set
Box 2: HI 93767A&B-50 Reagent Set, for both
HI 93767A and HI 93767B parameters.
For other accessories see page 77.
REQUIRED ACCESSORIES
C 9800-01 Hanna reactor (115 VAC)
C 9800-02 Hanna reactor (230 VAC)
HI 740216 test tube cooling rack (25 holes)
HI 740217 Laboratory bench safety shield
For other accessories see page 77.
37
Nitrogen, Total LR
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
Before starting to use the reagent kit it is recommended to read carefully all the instructions and the Health &
Safety Data Sheet (HSDS). Pay particular attention to all warnings, cautions and notes. Failure to do so may result in serious injury to the operator.
Reagent Blank Correction: This method needs a reagent blank correction. A single blank vial may be used more than once; the blank vial is stable up to one week if stored in a dark place at room temperature.
Always use the same lot of reagents for blank and samples. For most accurate measurement run a blank for each set of measurements.
• Preheat the Hanna Reactor C 9800 to 105 °C (221°F). For correct use of the reactor follow Reactor Instruction Manual.
Use of the optional HI 740217 safety shield is strongly recommended.
Do not use an oven or microwave because leaking samples can generate a corrosive and possibly explosive atmosphere.
• Remove the cap from two Digestion Vials ( green cap vials).
← green cap →
• Add the content of one packet of Potassium Persulfate for Total
Nitrogen analysis to each vial.
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
Before starting to use the reagent kit it is recommended to read carefully all the instructions and the Health &
Safety Data Sheet (HSDS). Pay particular attention to all warnings, cautions and notes. Failure to do so may result in serious injury to the operator.
Reagent Blank Correction: This method needs a reagent blank correction. A single blank vial may be used more than once; the blank vial is stable up to one week if stored in a dark place at room temperature.
Always use the same lot of reagents for blank and samples. For most accurate measurement, run a blank for each set of measurements.
• Preheat the Hanna Reactor C 9800 to 105 °C (221°F). For correct use of the reactor follow Reactor Instruction Manual.
Use of the optional HI 740217 safety shield is strongly recommended.
Do not use an oven or microwave because leaking samples can generate a corrosive and possibly explosive atmosphere.
• Remove the cap from two Digestion Vials ( red cap vials).
← red cap →
• Add the content of one packet of Potassium Persulfate for Total
Nitrogen analysis to each vial.
• Add exactly 2.0 mL of sample to one vial (sample vial), and 2.0
mL of deionized water to the other vial (blank vial), while keeping the vials at a 45-degree angle.
• Add exactly 0.5 mL of sample to one vial (sample vial), and 0.5
mL of deionized water to the other vial (blank vial), while keeping the vials at a 45-degree angle.
Nitrogen, Total LR
38 43
Nitrogen, Total HR
NITROGEN, TOTAL HIGH RANGE
SPECIFICATIONS
Range
Resolution
Precision
10 to 150 mg/L
1 mg/L
±3 @ 75 mg/L
Typical EMC ±1 mg/L
Deviation
Light Source Tungsten lamp with narrow band interference filter
@ 420 nm
Method Chromotropic acid method. A persulfate digestion converts all forms of nitrogen to nitrate. Then the reaction between nitrate and the reagents causes a yellow tint in the sample.
REQUIRED REAGENTS
Code
*
---
Description
Digestion Vial
Deionized Water
Q.ty/test Q.ty/set
1 vial 50 vials
0.5 mL 1 bottle
---
---
Potassium Persulfate 1 packet 50 packets
Sodium Metabisulfite 1 packet 50 packets
HI 93767-0 Total Nitrogen Reagent 1 packet 50 packets
** Reagent Vial 1 vial 50 vials
*
Digestion Vial identification: N, red cap.
**
Reagent Vial identification: N, white cap.
Note: Store the unused vials in their container in a cool and dark place.
REAGENT SET
HI 93767B-50 Reagents for up to 49 tests. Contains:
Box 1: HI 93767B-50 Reagent Set
Box 2: HI 93767A&B-50 Reagent Set, for both
HI 93767A and HI 93767B parameter.
For other accessories see page 77.
REQUIRED ACCESSORIES
C 9800-01 Hanna reactor (115 VAC)
C 9800-02 Hanna reactor (230 VAC)
HI 740216 test tube cooling rack (25 holes)
HI 740217 Laboratory bench safety shield
For other accessories see page 77.
Nitrogen, Total HR
42
• Replace the cap tightly and shake the vials vigorously for about
30 seconds until all the powder is completely dissolved.
• Insert the vials into the reactor and heat them for 30 minutes at 105°C.
Note: to obtain most accurate results, it is strongly recommended to remove the vials frome the reactor after exactly 30 minutes.
• At the end of the digestion period switch off the reactor, place the vials carefully in the test tube rack and allow to cool to room temperature.
Warning: as the vials are still hot, be careful in handling them.
• Select the program number corresponding to Total Nitrogen LR on the secondary LCD by pressing PROGRAM t and s.
• Remove the cap from the vials and add the content of one packet of Sodium Metabisulfite for Total Nitrogen analysis to each vial.
Replace the cap tightly and shake gently the vials for 15 seconds.
• Wait for 3 minutes (without shaking the vials) to allow the reaction to complete.
39
Nitrogen, Total LR
• Remove the cap from the vials and add the content of one packet of HI 93767-0 Total Nitrogen Reagent to each vial. Replace the cap tightly and shake gently the vials for 15 seconds.
• Wait for 2 minutes (without shaking the vials) to allow the reaction to complete.
• Remove the cap from two Reagent Vials ( white cap vials).
← white cap
→
• Add exactly 2.0 mL of digested sample (from the digested green cap sample vial) to one Reagent Vial (sample vial), and 2.0 mL of digested blank (from the digested green cap blank vial) to the other Reagent Vial (blank vial), while keeping the vials at a 45degree angle.
• Replace the cap tightly and invert the vials 10 times.
Warning: as the vials become hot during mixing, be careful in handling them.
Note: the method is technique sensitive: to obtain most reproducible results it is strongly recommended to follow carefully the “invert” procedure described on page 14.
Nitrogen, Total LR
40
• Place the blank vial into the holder and push it completely down.
• Press TIMER and the display will show the countdown prior to the measurement. Alternatively, wait for 5 minutes and press ZERO. In both cases "SIP" will blink during measurement.
• Wait for a few seconds and the display will show “-0.0-”. Now the meter is zeroed and ready for measurement.
• Remove the blank vial.
• Place the sample vial into the holder and push it completely down.
• Press READ DIRECT and "SIP" will blink on the display.
• The instrument directly displays concentration in mg/L of total nitrogen (N) on the Liquid Crystal Display. The method detects all organic and inorganic forms of nitrogen present in the sample.
• To convert the reading to mg/L of ammonia (NH
3 factor of 1.22.
), multiply by a
• To convert the reading to mg/L of nitrate NO
3 of 4.43.
, multiply by a factor
INTERFERENCES
Interference may be caused by:
Bromide (Br ): above 60 mg/L (positive error)
Chloride (Cl
-
): above 1000 mg/L (positive error)
Chromium (Cr 3+ ): above 0.5 mg/L
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Nitrogen, Total LR

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