Symantec 7.6 NetBackup for Oracle Administrator's Guide
Below you will find brief information for NetBackup for Oracle 7.6. This guide covers installing and configuring NetBackup for Oracle, performing backups and restores, and troubleshooting common issues.
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Symantec NetBackup™ for
Oracle Administrator's Guide
UNIX, Windows, and Linux
Release 7.6
Symantec NetBackup™ for Oracle Administrator's
Guide
The software described in this book is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in accordance with the terms of the agreement.
Documentation version: 7.6
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Contents
Technical Support
............................................................................................... 4
Chapter 1 Introduction
......................................................................... 15
What's new about NetBackup for Oracle ........................................... 15
Oracle Intelligent Policy ........................................................... 15
Oracle support for Replication Director ........................................ 17
About NetBackup for Oracle ........................................................... 17
NetBackup for Oracle features ........................................................ 18
NetBackup for Oracle terminology .................................................... 21
NetBackup for Oracle operation using the Oracle Intelligent
Policy ................................................................................... 23
About RMAN ............................................................................... 26
About the Oracle recovery catalog ................................................... 27
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
NetBackup for Oracle QuickStart
.................................... 29
Installing NetBackup for Oracle ....................................................... 29
Registering Oracle instances .......................................................... 30
Creating an Oracle instance group ................................................... 32
Creating an Oracle policy ............................................................... 34
Installing NetBackup for Oracle
....................................... 37
NetBackup server and client requirements for NetBackup for
Oracle .................................................................................. 38
About license keys for NetBackup for Oracle ...................................... 39
About linking Oracle RMAN with NetBackup for UNIX .......................... 39
Verifying environment variables and shutting down Oracle .............. 40
Linking Oracle RMAN with NetBackup for UNIX platforms ............... 41
Contents 8
Chapter 4 Oracle policy configuration
............................................... 48
Preparing for NetBackup for Oracle configuration ................................ 48
About Oracle policy configuration ............................................... 49
User interface terminology ........................................................ 50
Permissions for NetBackup for Oracle log files ............................. 50
NetBackup for Oracle backup types ........................................... 50
Configuring the Maximum jobs per client for NetBackup for
Oracle ............................................................................ 52
Instance management for an Oracle Intelligent Policy .......................... 53
About the NetBackup Discovery Service ..................................... 53
Viewing the Oracle instance repository ....................................... 54
Manually adding an Oracle instance to the repository ..................... 56
Registering an Oracle instance .................................................. 58
About Oracle instance groups ................................................... 60
Adding an instance to an instance group ..................................... 61
Automatic Registration of an instance group ................................ 62
About instance actions ............................................................ 63
About Oracle Intelligent Policies ...................................................... 64
Creating an Oracle Intelligent Policy ........................................... 65
About NetBackup for Oracle schedule properties .......................... 68
Oracle Intelligent Policy - Storage and Retention ........................... 69
Oracle Intelligent Policy master server behavior ............................ 71
Instances tab ......................................................................... 71
Backup Selections tab ............................................................. 73
Oracle tab ............................................................................. 74
About script- or template-based Oracle policies .................................. 76
Adding a new script- or template-based Oracle policy .................... 77
About policy attributes for NetBackup for Oracle ........................... 79
About backup schedules, templates, and scripts ........................... 79
About NetBackup for Oracle schedule properties .......................... 80
Script- or template-based policy - Storage and Retention ................ 81
Adding clients to a NetBackup for Oracle policy ............................ 83
About adding backup selections to an Oracle policy ....................... 84
About configuring the run-time environment ................................. 88
About creating templates and shell scripts ................................... 94
Configuring the logon account for the NetBackup Client Service for
NetBackup for Oracle ............................................................ 102
Testing configuration settings for NetBackup for Oracle ...................... 102
Contents 9
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Performing backups and restores of Oracle
Overview of using NetBackup for Oracle .......................................... 104
Maintaining the RMAN repository ................................................... 104
Querying the RMAN repository ...................................................... 109
About NetBackup for Oracle backups .............................................. 110
Running NetBackup for Oracle templates .................................. 110
Using bpdbsbora to run a backup template ................................ 111
Running the NetBackup for Oracle shell script ............................ 112
Running RMAN .................................................................... 112
Browsing backups using the bplist command .................................... 113
Managing expired backup images .................................................. 114
About NetBackup for Oracle restores .............................................. 115
Starting the recovery wizard .................................................... 116
Using the recovery wizard ...................................................... 117
Using bpdbsbora to run a recovery template ............................... 118
Running RMAN on the client ................................................... 119
Redirecting a restore to a different client .................................... 120
About backups of an Oracle clustered database on
Windows ....................................................................... 124
Bringing the database instance offline on Windows ...................... 124
Bringing the database instance online on Windows ...................... 125
User-directed backup or restore from the Windows client .............. 126
Guided Recovery
................................................................ 127
About OpsCenter Guided Recovery ................................................ 127
Setting up for Guided Recovery cloning ........................................... 128
Guided Recovery cloning pre-operation checks ................................ 128
Performing a Guided Recovery cloning operation .............................. 129
Select a Master Server dialog ........................................................ 131
Select Source Database panel ...................................................... 131
Select Control File Backup panel ................................................... 132
Destination host and login panel .................................................... 132
Destination Parameters panel ....................................................... 133
Selection summary panel ............................................................. 134
Pre-clone check panel ................................................................. 134
Job Details panel ........................................................................ 134
Guided Recovery post-clone operations .......................................... 134
Troubleshooting Guided Recovery ................................................. 135
Contents 10
Chapter 7
NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client
About NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client ............................. 138
Proxy copy .......................................................................... 140
NetBackup for Oracle stream-based operations .......................... 140
NetBackup for Oracle file-based operations ................................ 141
How NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client works ....................... 142
About the NetBackup for Oracle backup operation ....................... 143
About the NetBackup for Oracle restore operation ....................... 143
Database objects supported by advanced backup methods ........... 143
About NetBackup multistreaming ............................................. 144
RMAN multiple channels ........................................................ 144
Restoring data files to a new location ........................................ 144
Redirecting a restore to a different client .................................... 145
Symbolic links and raw data files (UNIX) .................................... 145
Quick I/O data files (UNIX) ...................................................... 145
RMAN incremental backups .................................................... 146
Proxy backup examples ......................................................... 147
About configuring Snapshot Client with NetBackup for Oracle .............. 150
Configuring a snapshot policy for NetBackup for Oracle ................ 151
Restoring NetBackup for Oracle from a snapshot backup .................... 155
How BLI works with NetBackup for Oracle (UNIX) ....................... 159
About the Storage Checkpoint facility and NetBackup for
Oracle .......................................................................... 160
Configuration requirements for BLI backups with NetBackup for
Oracle .......................................................................... 161
Configuring policies for BLI backups with NetBackup for
Oracle .......................................................................... 161
Contents 11
Chapter 8
Appendix A
About Snapshot Client effects ....................................................... 162
How Snapshot Client software affects backup types ..................... 163
How Snapshot Client software affects schedule properties ............ 163
How Snapshot Client software affects templates and scripts .......... 164
About Oracle support for Replication Director ................................... 167
Configuring an Oracle Intelligent Policy ..................................... 168
Configuring a script- or template-based Oracle policy ................... 172
Troubleshooting
................................................................. 178
About troubleshooting NetBackup for Oracle .................................... 179
About NetBackup for Oracle troubleshooting steps ............................ 179
NetBackup debug logs and reports ................................................. 181
Enabling the debug logs for NetBackup for Oracle (Windows) .............. 182
About the NetBackup for Oracle log files .......................................... 184
About RMAN utility logs ............................................................... 186
Troubleshooting RMAN backup or restore errors ............................... 186
Verifying the RMAN script on UNIX ........................................... 187
Troubleshooting each stage of the backup or restore ................... 187
Troubleshooting the UNIX browser interface and wizards .................... 189
Troubleshooting NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client ................ 190
Minimizing timeout failures on large database restores ....................... 191
Minimizing loading and unloading of tapes for database backups for
Windows and UNIX ............................................................... 192
Delays in completion of backup jobs ............................................... 192
Real Application Clusters
................................................. 193
About Real Application Clusters ..................................................... 193
About virtual names and NetBackup for Oracle ................................. 193
About RAC archiving schemes ...................................................... 194
About backing up a database ....................................................... 198
Example of restoring a database .................................................... 198
Troubleshooting database restores (UNIX and Linux) ......................... 199
About restoring archive logs .......................................................... 199
Contents 12
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Best practices for protecting Oracle RAC with
NetBackup
..................................................................... 201
Oracle RAC with NetBackup best practices ...................................... 201
About NetBackup for Oracle operations ........................................... 202
Image catalog configuration for RAC ............................................... 214
Deduplication best practices
.......................................... 218
Configuring a stream-based Oracle backup ...................................... 220
Example RMAN script for a stream-based backup ............................. 221
Example RMAN script for a proxy copy backup ................................. 224
Snapshot Client support of SFRAC
................................ 227
About Snapshot Client support of SFRAC ........................................ 227
NetBackup configuration for an SFRAC environment ......................... 227
Configuring the SFRAC environment for a backup operation ................ 228
Performing a rollback restore in an SFRAC environment ..................... 229
Troubleshooting NetBackup in an SFRAC environment ...................... 231
Script-based block-level incremental (BLI) backups without RMAN on UNIX and Linux systems
About script-based block-level incremental (BLI) backups without
RMAN ................................................................................ 233
About BLI backup and restore operations ........................................ 234
Verifying installation requirements for BLI backups without
RMAN ................................................................................ 234
File system and Storage Checkpoint space management .............. 235
Contents 13
Appendix F
Creating NetBackup policies for script-based BLI backup .................... 236
Number of policies required for BLI backup ................................ 236
About BLI policy attributes ...................................................... 238
About the BLI client list .......................................................... 239
Backup selections list for BLI backups ....................................... 239
About schedules for BLI backup policies .................................... 239
Example Oracle BLI backup policy ........................................... 240
Setting the maximum jobs per client global attribute ..................... 242
About BLI backup methods ..................................................... 242
Creating notify scripts for BLI backups ...................................... 243
Performing backups and restores ................................................... 248
About NetBackup for Oracle agent automatic backups ................. 248
About NetBackup for Oracle manual backups ............................. 248
Backing up Quick I/O files ....................................................... 249
Restoring BLI backup images .................................................. 250
About NetBackup backup and restore logs ................................. 251
About troubleshooting backup or restore errors ................................. 252
Troubleshooting stages of backup and restore operations ............. 252
NetBackup restore and backup status codes .............................. 253
Improving NetBackup backup performance ................................ 254
About BLI backup and database recovery .................................. 255
XML Archiver
...................................................................... 256
NetBackup for Oracle XML export and XML import ............................ 256
XML export archive process .................................................... 257
Sequence of operation: XML export archive ............................... 259
XML import restore process .................................................... 261
Sequence of operation: XML import restore ................................ 262
About XML export templates and shell scripts ................................... 264
Creating an XML export script from a template ............................ 267
Creating XML export scripts manually ....................................... 268
Performing an XML export archive ................................................. 269
Running NetBackup for Oracle XML export templates .................. 270
Using bpdbsbora to run an XML export template ......................... 271
Contents 14
Running bporaexp on the client as an Oracle user ....................... 272
Writing to a directory versus writing to a storage unit .................... 273
About bporaexp parameters .................................................... 275
Browsing XML export archives using bporaimp parameters ................. 278
Browsing XML export archives using bplist ....................................... 279
Restoring an XML export archive ................................................... 280
Running the XML import wizard on the client .............................. 280
Using bpdbsbora to run an XML import template ......................... 282
Running an XML import script on the client ................................ 283
Running bporaimp on the client ............................................... 283
About bporaimp parameters .................................................... 283
Troubleshooting XML export or XML import errors ............................. 289
Checking the logs to determine the source of an error .................. 289
Additional XML export and import logs ............................................ 293
Index
Chapter
1
Introduction
This chapter includes the following topics:
■
What's new about NetBackup for Oracle
■
■
■
NetBackup for Oracle terminology
■
NetBackup for Oracle operation using the Oracle Intelligent Policy
■
NetBackup for Oracle operation using a script- or template-based policy
■
■
About the Oracle recovery catalog
What's new about NetBackup for Oracle
NetBackup for Oracle contains two new features: Oracle Intelligent Policy and
Oracle support for Replication Director.
Oracle Intelligent Policy
The Oracle Intelligent Policy feature is a new method of Oracle policy backup based on Oracle instances. This method precludes the need to create templates and scripts for your Oracle policies. This feature makes the following improvements:
■
■
You can create a single policy to protect multiple Oracle instances that are spread over multiple clients.
A new discovery service discovers Oracle instances throughout the NetBackup environment. The service polls the clients every four hours and sends the
Introduction
What's new about NetBackup for Oracle
16 discovered instances to an instance repository available to you on the NetBackup
Administration Console. You manage instances and instance groups through the NetBackup Administration Console or the nboraadm command.
■
■
■
■
All instances that you want backed up must be registered with credentials. If multiple instances share the same credentials, you can create an instance group for the set of instances with common credentials.
Multiple instance groups can be created for different sets of instances with different credentials. You can create a default instance group for newly discovered instances to be automatically added to the group, ensuring that new instances are protected.
The database administrator can control all instances and instance group credentials by using the nboraadm command on the NetBackup client, which provides improved security throughout the system.
You are not required to know RMAN or to write and use templates and RMAN scripts. Instead, this feature automatically generates the scripts at run-time.
■
■
■
■
■
The Job Details in the Activity Monitor lets you view the backup summary, database state, RMAN input, and RMAN output for the Oracle Intelligent Policy.
Also, the Activity Monitor includes a new Instances column that shows the instance that the associated policy has backed up.
Enhanced error codes enable faster identification, troubleshooting, and correction of problems. You can easily restart a failed job.
You no longer need to create an application backup schedule. You only need to create automatic backup schedules for the data movement, which simplifies how retention works on the backup pieces.
You can manually back up any number of instances or all the instances.
Oracle Intelligent Policy automatically selects parameter settings at run-time that enable optimal deduplication.
■
You can create a new archived log schedule that backs up the archived redo logs in intervals of minutes.
You can select Oracle instances and instance groups to be part of an Oracle backup policy. An Oracle backup policy can be created for the default instance group to ensure that all newly created instances are automatically protected.
Oracle DBAs can use the nboraadm command on the NetBackup client to manage instances, instance groups, and their credentials. This command is particularly useful in environments where the Oracle credentials are known only by the DBAs and not the NetBackup administrators.
Introduction
About NetBackup for Oracle
17
Oracle support for Replication Director
You can use Replication Director to create snapshots of the Oracle database. Then you can replicate the snapshots to the other NetApp disk arrays or backup the snapshot to a storage unit. To use Replication Director, the Oracle database must exist on a NetApp NAS disk array. Replication Director is not supported on SAN storage at this time.
Oracle snapshot backups that use Replication Director are supported on UNIX and
Linux platforms only.
About NetBackup for Oracle
NetBackup integrates the database backup and recovery capabilities of the Oracle
Recovery Manager (RMAN) with the backup and recovery management capabilities of NetBackup.
shows the major components in a NetBackup configuration. The server that hosts the Oracle database must be a NetBackup client. The master server must also have NetBackup for Oracle licensed.
Introduction
NetBackup for Oracle features
18
Figure 1-1
NetBackup for Oracle on a sample network
System containing Oracle database Recovery Catalog
Oracle database to back up or restore
Oracle database software supplies:
– Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN)
– Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
System hosting the Oracle database
NetBackup for Oracle supplies:
- Sample configuration program
- Sample script files
- Symantec I/O library (libobk)
- bporaimp and bporaexp
Additional NetBackup software:
- NetBackup client (required)
Network (TCP/IP)
NetBackup master server or remote media server
NetBackup software:
– NetBackup master server
– NetBackup media server
Storage unit
NetBackup for Oracle features
The following table shows the NetBackup for Oracle main features:
Table 1-1
Feature
Media and device management
NetBackup for Oracle features
Description
All devices that the Media Manager supports are available to
NetBackup for Oracle.
Introduction
NetBackup for Oracle features
19
Table 1-1
Feature
Scheduling facilities
NetBackup for Oracle features (continued)
Description
NetBackup scheduling facilities on the master server can be used to schedule automatic and unattended Oracle backups.
This feature also lets you choose the times when these operations can occur. For example, to prevent interference with normal daytime operations, you can schedule your database backups to occur only at night.
Multiplexed backups and restores
Transparent Oracle and regular file system backup and restore operations
All backups and restores run simultaneously and transparently without any action from the NetBackup administrator. The database administrator can run database backup and restore operations through NetBackup. An administrator or any other authorized user can use NetBackup to run database backups and restores.
If you use the command line interface, templates, or scripts, you must use script- or template-based Oracle policies. These policies use Oracle’s Recovery Manager (RMAN) as if
NetBackup were not present.
Oracle Instance management
NetBackup for Oracle lets you take advantage of NetBackup’s multiplexing capabilities. Multiplexing directs multiple data streams to one backup device, thereby reducing the time necessary to complete the operation.
An Oracle instance discovery service automatically polls the clients throughout the NetBackup environment every four hours.
The service collects the discovered instances in an instance repository. The user can view the instances on the NetBackup
Administration Console or by using the nboraadm command.
You can create instance groups that each contain a set of instances that are registered with a common set of credentials.
A default instance group can be created for newly discovered instances that are then automatically registered into this group.
You select Oracle instances and instance groups to be part of an Oracle backup policy. You can create the policy for the default instance group to make sure that all newly created instances are automatically protected.
Oracle DBAs can use the nboraadm command on the
NetBackup client to manage instances, instance groups, and their credentials. This command is very useful in environments where the Oracle credentials are known only by the DBAs and not by the NetBackup administrators.
Introduction
NetBackup for Oracle features
20
Table 1-1
NetBackup for Oracle features (continued)
Feature Description
Sharing the same storage units used for other file backups
You can share the same devices and media that are used for other backups or give Oracle exclusive use of certain devices and media. NetBackup for Oracle can use the Media Manager, disk, PureDisk storage units, etc.
Centralized and networked backup operations
From the NetBackup master server, you can schedule database backups or start them manually for any client or instance. The
Oracle databases can also reside on the hosts that are different from the devices on which NetBackup stores the backups.
Graphical user interfaces
Templates
Oracle Guided Recovery cloning
NetBackup provides the following graphical user interfaces for client users and administrators:
■
■
■
■
Backup, Archive, and Restore user interface
NetBackup Administration Console for Java
NetBackup Administration Console for Windows
NetBackup OpsCenter
NetBackup OpsCenter is the web-based graphical user interface that is used to perform an Oracle Guided Recovery cloning operation.
See
“About OpsCenter Guided Recovery”
on page 127.
A database administrator or NetBackup administrator can start backup or restore operations for Oracle from the NetBackup graphical user interface on the master server.
The NetBackup for Oracle database wizards can create backup and recovery templates for script- or template-based Oracle policies. You can launch the backup wizard and the recovery wizard from the Backup, Archive, and Restore (BAR) interface.
The wizards generate platform-independent templates containing the configuration information that the software uses when it performs backups and restores.
The wizard-generated templates do not support all the features native to Oracle. You may want to write a customized backup or restore script in a scripting language defined by the operating system. You can use a template as the base for a script.
Guided Recovery clones an Oracle database from a backup, and simplifies the process of creating a new database from backups of an existing database. Guided Recovery uses an
Oracle cloning wizard that executes on the OpsCenter graphical user interface.
Introduction
NetBackup for Oracle terminology
21
Table 1-1
NetBackup for Oracle features (continued)
Feature Description
Parallel backup and restore operations
NetBackup for Oracle supports the parallel backup and restore
RMAN capabilities. For example, you can run more than one tape device at a time for a single Oracle backup or restore.
This capability reduces the time necessary to complete the operation.
Compression Compression increases backup performance over the network and reduces the size of the backup image that NetBackup writes to the storage unit.
NetBackup for Oracle terminology
explains some Oracle terms as they pertain to NetBackup.
Table 1-2
Oracle terms
Term
Full backup
Incremental backup
Definition
A full backup copies all blocks into the backup set, skipping only data file blocks that have never been used. Note that a full backup is not the same as a whole database backup; "full" is an indicator that the backup is not incremental.
A full backup has no effect on subsequent incremental backups, which is why it is not considered part of the incremental strategy. In other words, a full backup does not affect which blocks are included in subsequent incremental backups.
An incremental backup is a backup of only those blocks that have changed since a previous backup. Oracle lets you create and restore incremental backups of data files, tablespaces, and a database. You can include a control file in an incremental backup set, but the control file is always included in its entirety. No blocks are skipped.
Introduction
NetBackup for Oracle terminology
22
Table 1-2
Term
Multilevel incremental backup
Differential incremental backup
Cumulative incremental backup
Oracle terms (continued)
Definition
RMAN lets you create multilevel backups. An integer identifies each level; for example, 0, 1, 2. A level 0 incremental backup, which is the base of subsequent incremental backups, copies all blocks containing data.
When you generate a level n incremental backup in which n is greater than 0, you back up the following:
■
■
All blocks that have been modified since the most recent backup at a level n or lower. This condition is the default type of incremental backup. It is called a differential incremental backup.
All blocks that have been modified since the most recent backup at level n-1 or lower. This condition is called a cumulative incremental backup.
The benefit to performing multilevel incremental backups is that you do not back up all of the blocks all of the time. Incremental backups at a level greater than zero (0) only copy blocks that were modified. Hence, the backup size can be significantly smaller and the backup might require much less time. The size of the backup file depends solely upon the number of blocks that are modified and the incremental backup level.
In a differential level n incremental backup, you back up all blocks that have changed since the most recent backup at level n or lower. For example, in a differential level 2 backup, you back up all blocks that are modified since the last level 2, level 1, or level 0 backup. Incremental backups are differential by default.
In a cumulative level n incremental backup, you back up all blocks that have changed since the most recent backup at level n-1 or lower. For example, in a cumulative level 2 backup, you back up all blocks that are changed since the most recent level 1 or level 0 backup.
Cumulative incremental backups reduce the work that is needed for a restore by ensuring that you only need one incremental backup from any particular level at restore time. Cumulative backups require more space and time than differential incremental backups, however, because they duplicate the work that previous backups did at the same level.
Introduction
NetBackup for Oracle operation using the Oracle Intelligent Policy
23
NetBackup for Oracle operation using the Oracle
Intelligent Policy
The Oracle Intelligent Policy feature lets you create a policy that specifies one or more Oracle instances to be backed up. You manage instances in an instance repository available on the NetBackup Administration Console. The instance repository contains all discovered and manually created Oracle instances that reside in the NetBackup environment. Instance management lets you add, change, delete, and register instances with a set of credentials.
See
“Instance management for an Oracle Intelligent Policy”
on page 53.
To create an Oracle Intelligent Policy, you can use the Policy Configuration Wizard or the Policies utility. The Policy Configuration Wizard is easier to use because it guides you through the setup process by automatically choosing the best values for most configurations. But the wizard does not present all policy configuration options (for example, calendar-based scheduling). After you create a policy, you can use the Policies utility to configure the options that are not part of the wizard.
Policy creation includes assigning instances to the policy. The Oracle Intelligent
Policy does not require you to know how RMAN functions or how to use the templates and scripts. The feature is instance-based and not template-scripting based.
See
“Creating an Oracle Intelligent Policy”
on page 65.
NetBackup for Oracle includes a library of functions that enable RMAN to use
NetBackup. On UNIX, NetBackup uses the RMAN SBT_LIBRARY parameter to link the RMAN server software with the media management API library that
NetBackup for Oracle installs. On Windows, the NetBackup for Oracle library is located in c:\Windows\system32
.
See
“Installing NetBackup for Oracle”
on page 29.
When you back up Oracle database instances, each resultant backup set contains at least one backup piece from the target database. You must give each backup piece a unique name. Several substitution variables are available to aid in generating unique names. The policy utility provides a set of default file name formats for the backup pieces. NetBackup considers the backup piece name as the file being backed up, so this name must be unique in the catalog.
To override any of the default file name formats, select Specify backup file name
formats. You can change the formats for the various backup file names for data files, archived redo logs, the control file, and the Fast Recovery Area (FRA). Ensure that the format that is specified for all RMAN backup piece names ends with
_%t to guarantee that each backup piece has a unique name in the catalog. NetBackup
Introduction
NetBackup for Oracle operation using a script- or template-based policy
24 uses this timestamp as part of its search criteria for catalog images. Without this timestamp, performance may degrade as the NetBackup catalog grows.
For a backup, the following items apply:
■
■
The rman command starts the requested operation on the databases.
When the process requires media to store backup data, RMAN issues a backup request to start a user-directed backup.
■
■
■
■
The NetBackup media server connects to NetBackup for Oracle on the client.
NetBackup for Oracle on the client sends the database data to the NetBackup media server which saves the data to secondary storage. A restore operation works in essentially the same manner except that RMAN issues a restore request. Then NetBackup retrieves the data from secondary storage and sends it to NetBackup for Oracle on the client.
RMAN supports parallel operations, so that a single rman command can start more than one backup, or restore on the NetBackup system.
The status for an RMAN operation is stored in the RMAN catalog or in the database control file. This same status appears in the output of the RMAN command that is used to run the backup or restore. This status is the only status that a database administrator must check to verify that a backup or restore has been successful.
You can see the RMAN script and RMAN output in the details of the controlling job ( bphdb
) in the Activity Monitor.
■
NetBackup also logs status, but only for its own part of the operation. The database administrator cannot use the NetBackup status to determine whether rman was successful. Errors can occur in rman that do not affect NetBackup and are not recorded in its logs.
NetBackup for Oracle operation using a script- or template-based policy
The following are prerequisites for performing Oracle backups to a storage unit:
■
On UNIX, linking with NetBackup
■
■
On Windows, access to the NetBackup library
Generating unique file names
NetBackup users or automatic schedules can start database backups by specifying a template or a shell script in the file list of the Oracle policy. The template or the shell script specifies the backup commands that RMAN performs on the client.
Introduction
NetBackup for Oracle operation using a script- or template-based policy
25
On UNIX, NetBackup for Oracle includes a library of functions that enable RMAN to use NetBackup. You can link to this library.
See
“About linking Oracle RMAN with NetBackup for UNIX”
on page 39.
On Windows, NetBackup for Oracle includes a library of functions that enable RMAN to use NetBackup. This library is in c:\Windows\system32
.
When you use the RMAN backup command, each resulting backup set contains at least one backup piece (data file, data file copy, control file, or archive log) from the target database. You must give each backup piece a unique name using the format operand. Several substitution variables are available to aid in generating unique names. You can specify the format operand in the backup command.
NetBackup considers the backup piece name as the file being backed up, so this name must be unique in the catalog.
For a backup, the following items apply:
■
■
The rman command starts the requested operation on the databases.
When the process requires media to store backup data, RMAN starts a user-directed backup by issuing a backup request.
■
■
■
■
The NetBackup media server connects to NetBackup for Oracle on the client.
NetBackup for Oracle on the client sends the database data to the NetBackup media server which saves the data to secondary storage. A restore operation works in essentially the same manner except that RMAN issues a restore request. Then NetBackup retrieves the data from secondary storage and sends it to NetBackup for Oracle on the client.
RMAN supports parallel operations, so a single rman command can start more than one backup, or restore on the NetBackup system.
The status for an RMAN operation is stored in the RMAN catalog or in the database control file. This same status appears in the output of the RMAN command that runs the backup or restore. This status is the only status that a database administrator must check to verify that a backup or restore has been successful.
NetBackup also logs status, but only for its own part of the operation. The database administrator cannot use the NetBackup status to determine whether rman was successful. Errors can occur in rman that do not affect NetBackup and are not recorded in its logs.
Introduction
About RMAN
26
About RMAN
RMAN performs a wide variety of automated backup and recovery functions. During a backup or a restore, RMAN provides the interface to the databases, and it extracts and inserts data.
To start a database backup or restore, the database administrator runs the rman command. You can run this command from the command line, a script, or an application such as NetBackup. The RMAN script is used as a parameter to the rman command and specifies the operations to be performed (for example, backup or restore). The RMAN script also defines other components of the operation such as the database objects to be backed up or restored.
During a backup or restore, RMAN controls the data streams going into or out of a database. RMAN can access storage devices when it is integrated with a media management system, such as the system that NetBackup provides.
RMAN provides true incremental backups. An incremental backup backs up data files and includes only the blocks that have been changed since the last incremental backup. For more information on the backup and recovery process, see your Oracle documentation.
explains Oracle RMAN terms as they pertain to NetBackup.
Table 1-3 Oracle RMAN terms
Term backup set instance
Definition
A backup set is a backup of one or more data files, control files, SPFILEs, and archived redo log files. Each backup set consists of one or more binary files called backup pieces. Backup pieces are written in a proprietary format that only RMAN can create or restore.
An Oracle database instance consists of a System Global Area (SGA) and the Oracle background processes. When Oracle starts a database, it allocates an SGA and starts Oracle background processes. The SGA is de-allocated when the instance shuts down.
Real application clusters (RAC)
RAC is an option that allows multiple concurrent instances to share a single physical database.
Introduction
About the Oracle recovery catalog
27
Table 1-3
Term
RMAN
RMAN repository
Oracle RMAN terms (continued)
Definition
RMAN backs up, restores, and recovers database files. RMAN starts Oracle server processes on the target database. These Oracle server processes perform the backup and restore. RMAN performs backup and recovery procedures, and it greatly simplifies the tasks that administrators perform during these processes.
However, RMAN cannot directly manage the storage devices and media that are used in its backups. So it must be integrated with an application that has these capabilities. NetBackup for Oracle provides device and media management capabilities by integrating RMAN with NetBackup and its media management software. Also, RMAN can access NetBackup’s automatic scheduling facilities and its graphical interfaces.
An RMAN recovery catalog or the database control file is a repository for the information that RMAN uses and maintains. RMAN uses this information to determine how to run requested backup and restore actions.
The rman command starts an RMAN backup or restore.
rman command
RMAN script The RMAN script specifies the commands for RMAN to perform (for example, backups and restores). For information on RMAN commands and script files, see your Oracle documentation.
The following directory contains example RMAN shell scripts:
UNIX:
/usr/openv/netbackup/ext/db_ext/oracle/samples/rman
Windows:
install_path\NetBackup\dbext\Oracle\samples\rman
These example scripts run RMAN commands and are fully commented to explain the features that are used. You can review these examples and use them as a starting point for developing backup, restore, and recovery scripts.
For more information on RMAN terminology, see your Oracle documentation.
About the Oracle recovery catalog
The recovery catalog is a repository of information. RMAN uses the information in the recovery catalog to determine how to perform requested backup and restore actions.
Introduction
About the Oracle recovery catalog
28
The recovery catalog contains information about the following software components:
■
Data file and archive log backup sets and backup pieces.
■
■
■
Data file copies.
Archived redo logs and their copies.
Tablespaces and data files on the target database.
■
Stored scripts. These are named, user-created sequences of RMAN and SQL commands.
Oracle recommends that you use RMAN with a recovery catalog, especially if you have 20 or more data files. However, you are not required to maintain a recovery catalog with RMAN.
For information on the benefits and disadvantages of using a recovery catalog, see your Oracle documentation.
Chapter
2
NetBackup for Oracle
QuickStart
This chapter includes the following topics:
■
Installing NetBackup for Oracle
■
■
Creating an Oracle instance group
■
Installing NetBackup for Oracle
Before you can create an Oracle Intelligent Policy, you need to install NetBackup for Oracle and use the instance management facility.
NetBackup for Oracle QuickStart
Registering Oracle instances
30
To install NetBackup for Oracle
1
Verify that the NetBackup for Oracle agent is supported on your operating system and platform.
See
“Verifying the operating system and platform compatibility for NetBackup for Oracle”
on page 37.
2
Make sure that you meet the server requirements and client requirements of
NetBackup for Oracle.
See
“NetBackup server and client requirements for NetBackup for Oracle”
on page 38.
3
Install NetBackup if it is not already on your system.
Note: The Oracle database agent is installed as part of the NetBackup client installation.
For more information on NetBackup installation, see the NetBackup Installation
Guide .
Registering Oracle instances
The Oracle Discovery Service discovers Oracle instances in the NetBackup environment and collects them in an instance repository. You must register all the discovered instances that you want to protect by assigning them credentials. An
Oracle policy accepts only registered instances.
You can register instances individually or add them to an instance group where they assume the credentials of the group. You can also manually add an instance and assign it a set of credentials at that time.
Use the NetBackup Administration Console or the nboraadm command on the
CLI to access the repository for instance registration. The nboraadm command is available on the NetBackup master server and the NetBackup clients. This command is available because users such as the DBAs may not have access to the master server. The NetBackup administrator uses nboraadm on the master server to control the list of users and clients that have access to nboraadm on the NetBackup client.
To register Oracle instances
1 In the NetBackup Administration Console, in the left pane, expand
NetBackup Management > Applications > Oracle.
2
The Oracle entry in the left pane contains two items:
NetBackup for Oracle QuickStart
Registering Oracle instances
31
■
Click Instances to display the list of instances. The list includes the names of instances that you have added and the instances that the Oracle
Discovery Service has discovered. The following is an example of the screen that appears:
■
Click Instance Groups to create an instance group to which you can then add instances with the same credentials.
Procedures are available about how to create an instance group.
See
“Creating an Oracle instance group”
on page 32.
3 Select one or more instances on the instance list. Use the Ctrl and Shift keys as needed to select multiple instances.
NetBackup for Oracle QuickStart
Creating an Oracle instance group
32
4 Select Actions > Register. The following Register Instance panel appears.
5 Do one of the following:
■
■
If you have already created an instance group, selectAdd to group and
register using group credentials to add the instance(s) to the group.
Select the instance group name from the Instance Group pulldown menu.
The instance assumes the credentials of the instance group. Click OK to continue.
Click Use Instance Credentials. Enter the instance credentials and click
OK.
6 The credentials are validated and a Validation Report dialog shows the results.
You can save the credentials even if the validation fails. Click OK to display the Instances list again.
7 Verify that the Instances list shows the date-time when you registered the instance. The instance is now available to select for an Oracle Intelligent Policy.
8 Repeat for all other instances that you want registered individually or as part of an instance group.
Creating an Oracle instance group
This procedure lets you create an instance group that includes instances with a common set of credentials. You can create a default instance group for
NetBackup for Oracle QuickStart
Creating an Oracle instance group
33 newly-discovered instances. Then you can create a policy that uses this instance group to automatically protect the new instances.
To create an Oracle instance group
1 In the NetBackup Administration Console, in the left pane, expand
NetBackup Management > Applications > Oracle.
2
Right-click Instance Groups and select New Instance Group. The following
Create Group dialog appears.
3 Enter the Instance Group Name in the text window, then fill in the appropriate credentials, and click OK.
Note: If necessary, contact the Oracle database administrator for the correct set of credentials.
The newly created instance group name appears in the right pane.
Click Help for help entering the appropriate credentials.
4
To assign individual instances to this instance group, click Instances in the left pane to display the list of instances.
NetBackup for Oracle QuickStart
Creating an Oracle policy
34
5 Right-click the desired instance and select Register to display the following
Register Instance panel. You can use the Ctrl and Shift keys to select multiple instances for registering.
6 Make sure Add to group and register using group crendentials is selected.
Use the Instance Group pulldown menu to select the instance group that you want the instance to be added to, then click OK.
7 Repeat for each instance that you want included in the instance group.
8 You may want to make this instance group the default for all newly discovered instances. If so, all newly discovered instances are automatically added to this instance group. More information is available about auto-registering an instance group.
See
“Automatic Registration of an instance group”
on page 62.
Creating an Oracle policy
The easiest method to set up a backup policy is to use the Policy Configuration
Wizard. This wizard guides you through the setup process by automatically choosing the best values for most configurations.
Not all policy configuration options are presented through the wizard (for example, calendar-based scheduling and the Data Classification setting). After the policy is created, modify the policy in the Policies utility to configure the options that are not part of the wizard.
NetBackup for Oracle QuickStart
Creating an Oracle policy
35
Use the following procedure to create a policy using the Policy Configuration Wizard.
To create a policy with the Policy Configuration Wizard
1 In the NetBackup Administration Console, in the left pane, click NetBackup
Management.
2
In the right pane, click Create a Policy to begin the Policy Configuration
Wizard. The first panel of the Policy Configuration Wizard appears.
3 Select Oracle - Backup Oracle data on the panel, then click Next.
4
Follow the prompts. Click Help on any wizard panel for assistance while running the wizard.
Use the following procedure to create a policy without using the Policy Configuration
Wizard.
To create a policy without the Policy Configuration Wizard
1 In the NetBackup Administration Console, in the left pane, expand
NetBackup Management > Policies.
2
On the Actions menu, click New > New Policy.
3 Type a unique name for the new policy in the Add a New Policy dialog box.
If necessary, clear the Use Policy Configuration Wizard check box, then click OK.
The Attributes tab of the Add New Policy dialog box appears along with the following set of tabs across the top of the panel:
4 In the Policy Type pulldown menu, select Oracle. This action causes the tabs across the top of the panel to change to the following:
NetBackup for Oracle QuickStart
Creating an Oracle policy
36
5 The Add New Policy panels contain some default conditions and some parameters that you must specify. The default values are the best values for most configurations. However, you may need to customize the parameter settings on one or more of the tabs.
The dialog contains the following set of tabbed pages:
■
■
Attributes tab. Default values are automatically selected on the Attributes tab. More information is available about these attributes.
See the NetBackup Administrator's Guide, Volume I .
Schedules tab. More information is available about this tab.
See the NetBackup Administrator's Guide, Volume I .
■
Instances tab. On this page, select the instances and instance groups that you want backed up for the policy. More information is available about this tab.
See
on page 71.
■
■
Backup Selections tab. More information is available about the attributes on this tab.
See
on page 73.
Oracle tab. More information is available about the attributes on this tab.
See
on page 74.
6
To protect the newly discovered instances, you may have to create the instance group first, then set up a policy for the default instance group.
See
“Automatic Registration of an instance group”
on page 62.
Chapter
3
Installing NetBackup for
Oracle
This chapter includes the following topics:
■
Verifying the operating system and platform compatibility for NetBackup for
■
NetBackup server and client requirements for NetBackup for Oracle
■
Requirements for installing NetBackup for Oracle in a NetBackup cluster
■
About license keys for NetBackup for Oracle
■
About linking Oracle RMAN with NetBackup for UNIX
Verifying the operating system and platform compatibility for NetBackup for Oracle
Verify that the NetBackup for Oracle agent is supported on your operating system or platform.
To verify operating system and compatibility
1
Go to the Symantec Support webpage: http://www.symantec.com/business/support/index.jsp
2
Click on the link for NetBackup Enterprise Server.
3 In the list of documents, click on the following document:
NetBackup Database Agent Compatibility List
Installing NetBackup for Oracle
NetBackup server and client requirements for NetBackup for Oracle
38
4 For information on supported cluster environments for NetBackup for Oracle, see the following document:
NetBackup Cluster Compatibility List
5 For information on support for Snapshot Client, see the following document:
NetBackup Snapshot Client Compatibility List
NetBackup server and client requirements for
NetBackup for Oracle
Every NetBackup server includes the NetBackup client software by default.
Therefore, you can use NetBackup for Oracle on a NetBackup server or client (if
NetBackup for Oracle is supported on that platform).
Verify that the following requirements are met for the NetBackup server:
■
■
■
The NetBackup server software is installed and operational on the NetBackup server. The NetBackup server platform can be any that NetBackup supports.
See the NetBackup Installation Guide .
One or more Oracle instances must exist.
Make sure that you configure any backup media that the storage unit uses.
The number of media volumes that are required depends on several things:
■
The devices used
■
■
■
The sizes of the databases that you want to back up
The amount of data that you want to archive
The size of your backups
■
■
The frequency of backups or archives
See the NetBackup Administrator’s Guide, Volume I .
Verify that the NetBackup client software is installed on the computer that has the databases you want to back up.
See
“About license keys for NetBackup for Oracle”
on page 39.
Requirements for installing NetBackup for Oracle in a NetBackup cluster
If you plan to use the database agent software on a NetBackup server configured in a NetBackup cluster, verify the following requirements:
Installing NetBackup for Oracle
About license keys for NetBackup for Oracle
39
■
■
■
■
If NetBackup supports your cluster environment:
See
“Verifying the operating system and platform compatibility for NetBackup for Oracle”
on page 37.
The NetBackup server software is installed and configured to work in a
NetBackup cluster.
See the NetBackup Installation Guide .
See the NetBackup Clustered Master Server Administrator's Guide .
The NetBackup client software is installed and operational on each node to which NetBackup can failover.
On each node where NetBackup server resides, add the license key for the database agent.
About license keys for NetBackup for Oracle
The NetBackup for Oracle agent is installed with the NetBackup client software.
No separate installation is required. A valid license for the agent must exist on the master server.
More information is available on how to add license keys.
See the NetBackup Administrator’s Guide, Volume I .
In a NetBackup cluster, add the key on each node where the NetBackup server is installed.
To use NetBackup for Oracle and the features that are supported with the agent, you need the following keys.
Backup type or feature
NetBackup for Oracle agent
Snapshot backups
Replication Director
License required
NetBackup for Oracle
Snapshot Client
NetBackup Replication Director (this option enables Snapshot Client, OpenStorage Disk, and Replication Director)
About linking Oracle RMAN with NetBackup for UNIX
Before writing to a storage unit, link the Oracle Server software with the NetBackup
API library installed by NetBackup for Oracle. Oracle uses this library when it needs to write to or read from the devices that NetBackup media manager supports.
Installing NetBackup for Oracle
About linking Oracle RMAN with NetBackup for UNIX
40
To link your Oracle software with the NetBackup API library, use one of the following methods:
■
Use the SBT_LIBRARY parameter in the PARMS section of the allocate channel in the RMAN script. In the run block of the RMAN script, modify the ALLOCATE statement so that the SBT_LIBRARY parameter points to the NetBackup API library. For example:
ALLOCATE CHANNEL CH00 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' PARMS 'SBT_LIBRARY=
/usr/openv/netbackup/bin/libobk.so64.1';
■
■
Use the linking script that NetBackup provides.
Create the links manually.
The linking process differs depending on your hardware platform, your Oracle Server release level, and your OS level. This topic does not address all the supported combinations, but it specifies OS level differences.
The default location for the NetBackup API library is
/usr/openv/netbackup/bin
.
The name of the NetBackup API library differs depending on your platform.
lists the library names for the supported platforms.
Table 3-1
NetBackup API libraries
Platform
AIX
HP Itanium
HP-UX PARISC
Linux x86
Linux Itanium
IBM pSeries
IBM zSeries
Solaris (SPARC)
Solaris (x86)
Oracle
64-bit
64-bit
64-bit
64-bit
64-bit
64-bit
64-bit
64-bit
64-bit
Library name libobk.a64
libobk.so
libobk.sl64
libobk.so64
libobk.so
libobk.so
libobk.so
libobk.so.64.1
libobk.so.1
Verifying environment variables and shutting down Oracle
The following procedure describes how to correctly define your environment variables and how to shut down the Oracle instances.
Installing NetBackup for Oracle
About linking Oracle RMAN with NetBackup for UNIX
41
To verify environment variables and shutdown Oracle instances
1
Make sure that your Oracle environment variables are defined.
Define the variables as follows:
ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID
The directory path to the Oracle software location.
The name of the Oracle instance.
2 Become the Oracle user.
su - oracle
3 Determine if you need to link or re-link the library with NetBackup.
See
“Linking Oracle RMAN with NetBackup for UNIX platforms”
on page 41.
4 If this installation is an upgrade and the SBT_LIBRARY parameter is not in use, restart the Oracle instance.
Linking Oracle RMAN with NetBackup for UNIX platforms
The procedures in this topic show how to link RMAN with NetBackup. The automatic method is preferred. Use the manual method only if the link script fails or if you receive Oracle messages to indicate that manual linking is required.
Link the library with NetBackup when you license NetBackup for Oracle for the first time.
To automatically link Oracle RMAN with NetBackup
1 Run the oracle_link script that is located in
/usr/openv/netbackup/bin/
.
This script determines the Oracle version level and then links Oracle with the
NetBackup API library. This script writes output to /tmp/make_trace.<pid>. To change the trace file location, change the MAKE_TRACE variable in the oracle_link script.
2 If this installation is an upgrade, restart the Oracle instance.
To manually link Oracle RMAN with NetBackup
◆
Follow the instructions in one of the following platform-specific sub-topics:
■
■
■
See
“Manually linking AIX (64-bit)”
on page 42.
See
“Manually linking HP-UX PARISC (64-bit)”
on page 42.
See
“Manually linking HP Itanium (64-bit)”
on page 43.
■
See
“Manually linking Linux x86 (64-bit)”
on page 44.
Installing NetBackup for Oracle
About linking Oracle RMAN with NetBackup for UNIX
42
■
■
See
“Manually linking IBM pSeries or zSeries”
on page 45.
See
“Manually linking Solaris (Opteron, 64-bit)”
on page 46.
■
See
“Manually linking Solaris SPARC (64-bit)”
on page 46.
Manually linking AIX (64-bit)
Use this procedure for Oracle 10g or later releases.
To manually link AIX (64-bit)
1 Type the following cd
(1) command to change directories:
cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib
2 Type the following ls
(1) command to determine whether the Oracle library exists:
ls -l libobk.*
3 (Conditional) Use the mv
(1) command to move the Oracle library to an alternate location.
Perform this step if the output from step
shows that libobk.a
exists.
For example:
mv libobk.a libobk.a.orig
4 Type the following ln
(1M) command to create a new link:
ln -s /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/libobk.a64 libobk.a
5 If you run into problems and cannot re-link Oracle with the NetBackup API library, you can roll back what you have done. Enter the following: cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib64 mv libobk.so.orig libobk.so
Manually linking HP-UX PARISC (64-bit)
Use this procedure for Oracle 10g or later releases.
Installing NetBackup for Oracle
About linking Oracle RMAN with NetBackup for UNIX
43
To manually link HP-UX (64-bit)
1
Type the following cd
(1) command to change directories:
cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib
2
Type the following ls
(1) command to determine whether the Oracle library exists:
ls -l libobk.*
3
(Conditional) Use the mv
(1) command to move the Oracle library to an alternate location.
Perform this step if the output from step
shows that libobk.sl
or libobk.a
are present.
■
If libobk.sl
exists, type the following command:
mv libobk.sl libobk.sl.orig
■
If libobk.a
exists, type the following command:
mv libobk.a libobk.a.orig
4 Type the following ln
(1) command to create new links:
ln -s /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/libobk.sl64
libobk.sl
5
If you run into problems and cannot re-link Oracle with the NetBackup API library, you can roll back what you have done. Enter the following: cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib64 mv libobk.so.orig libobk.so
Manually linking HP Itanium (64-bit)
Use this procedure for Oracle 10g or later releases.
Installing NetBackup for Oracle
About linking Oracle RMAN with NetBackup for UNIX
44
To manually link HP Itanium (64-bit)
1
Type the following cd
(1) command to change directories:
cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib
2
Type the following ls
(1) command to determine whether the Oracle library exists:
ls -l libobk.so
3
(Conditional) Use the mv
(1) command to move the Oracle library to an alternate location.
Perform this step if the output from step
shows that libobk.so
.
For example:
mv libobk.so libobk.so.orig
4 Type the following ln
(1) command to create new links:
ln -s /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/libobk.so
libobk.so
5 If you run into problems and cannot re-link Oracle with the NetBackup API library, you can roll back what you have done. Enter the following: cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib64 mv libobk.so.orig libobk.so
Manually linking Linux x86 (64-bit)
Use this procedure for Oracle 10g or later releases.
To manually Linux x86 (64-bit)
1 Type the following cd
(1) command to change directories:
cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib
2 Type the following ls
(1) command to determine whether the Oracle library exists:
ls -l libobk.so
Installing NetBackup for Oracle
About linking Oracle RMAN with NetBackup for UNIX
45
3 (Conditional) Use the mv
(1) command to move the Oracle library to an alternate location.
Perform this step if the output from step
shows that libobk.so
is present.
For example:
mv libobk.so libobk.so.orig
4 Type the following ln
(1) command to create a new link:
ln -s /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/libobk.so64 libobk.so
5 If you run into problems and cannot re-link Oracle with the NetBackup API library, you can roll back what you have done. Enter the following: cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib64 mv libobk.so.orig libobk.so
Manually linking IBM pSeries or zSeries
Use this procedure for Oracle 10g R2 or later releases.
To link manually IBM pSeries or zSeries
1 Type the following cd
(1) command to change directories:
cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib
2 Type the following ls
(1) command to determine whether the Oracle library exists:
ls -l libobk.so
3 (Conditional) Use the mv
(1) command to move the Oracle library to an alternate location.
Perform this step if the output from step
shows that libobk.so
is present.
For example:
mv libobk.so libobk.so.orig
Installing NetBackup for Oracle
About linking Oracle RMAN with NetBackup for UNIX
46
4 Type the following ln
(1) command to create a new link:
ln -s /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/libobk.so libobk.so
5 If you run into problems and cannot re-link Oracle with the NetBackup API library, you can roll back what you have done. Enter the following: cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib64 mv libobk.so.orig libobk.so
Manually linking Solaris (Opteron, 64-bit)
Use this procedure for Oracle 10g or later releases.
To manually link Solaris (Opteron, 64-bit)
1
Type the following cd
(1) command to change directories:
cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib
2
Type the following ls
(1) command to determine whether the Oracle library exists:
ls -l libobk.so
3 Use the mv
(1) command to move the Oracle library to an alternate location.
Perform this step if the output from step
shows that libobk.so
is present.
For example:
mv libobk.so libobk.so.orig
4 Type the following ln
(1) command to create a new link:
ln -s /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/libobk.so.1 libobk.so
5 If you run into problems and cannot re-link Oracle with the NetBackup API library, you can roll back what you have done. Enter the following: cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib64 mv libobk.so.orig libobk.so
Manually linking Solaris SPARC (64-bit)
Use this procedure for Oracle 10g or later releases.
Installing NetBackup for Oracle
About linking Oracle RMAN with NetBackup for UNIX
47
To manually link Solaris (64-bit)
1
Type the following cd
(1) command to change directories:
cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib
2
Type the following ls
(1) command to determine whether the Oracle library exists:
ls -l libobk.so
3
(Conditional) Use the mv
(1) command to move the Oracle library to an alternate location.
Perform this step if the output from step
shows that libobk.so
is present.
For example:
mv libobk.so libobk.so.orig
4 Type the following ln
(1) command to create a new link:
ln -s /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/libobk.so64.1 libobk.so
5 If you run into problems and cannot re-link Oracle with the NetBackup API library, you can roll back what you have done. Enter the following: cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib64 mv libobk.so.orig libobk.so
Chapter
4
Oracle policy configuration
This chapter includes the following topics:
■
Preparing for NetBackup for Oracle configuration
■
Instance management for an Oracle Intelligent Policy
■
About Oracle Intelligent Policies
■
About script- or template-based Oracle policies
■
Configuring the logon account for the NetBackup Client Service for NetBackup for Oracle
■
Testing configuration settings for NetBackup for Oracle
Preparing for NetBackup for Oracle configuration
The major part of configuring NetBackup for Oracle is to create and configure the
Oracle policies. The following topics prepare you to configure NetBackup for Oracle policies:
■
■
See
“About Oracle policy configuration”
on page 49.
See
on page 50.
■
■
See
“Permissions for NetBackup for Oracle log files”
on page 50.
See
“NetBackup for Oracle backup types”
on page 50.
■
■
See
“Configuring the logon account for the NetBackup Client Service for
on page 102.
See
“Configuring the Maximum jobs per client for NetBackup for Oracle”
on page 52.
Oracle policy configuration
Preparing for NetBackup for Oracle configuration
49
About Oracle policy configuration
NetBackup offers two ways to configure an Oracle policy.
■
■
■
Oracle Intelligent Policies. This method lets you create a single policy to protect multiple Oracle instances that are spread over multiple clients. You select Oracle instances for a policy from a repository of instances that are automatically discovered in the NetBackup environment. Among the features that these policies provide is the ability to schedule frequent backups of archived redo logs. These backups are accomplished in minutes instead of hours or days.
Script- or template-based policies. This method lets you create an Oracle backup policy by using a script or template that is based on a list of clients.
A backup policy for a database defines the backup criteria for a specific group of instances (Oracle Intelligent Policy) or clients (script- or template-based policy).
The Intelligent Oracle Policy includes the following criteria:
■
Storage unit and media to use
Policy attributes
■
■
Backup schedules. Automatic schedule and archive log schedule.
Instances to be backed up
■
Backup selections: Whole database, tablespaces, data files, FRA
The script- or template-based policy includes the following criteria:
■
■
■
■
Storage unit and media to use
Policy attributes
Backup schedules: Automatic schedule and application schedule.
Clients to be backed up
■
Backup templates or script files to be run on the clients
To back up the database environment, define at least one script- or template-based
Oracle policy with the appropriate schedules and clients. Or, you can configure a single Oracle Intelligent Policy that includes all instances.
Most requirements for database policies are the same as for file system backups.
In addition to the policy attributes for Oracle, other attributes are available that you should consider.
See the NetBackup Administrator’s Guide, Volume I .
Oracle policy configuration
Preparing for NetBackup for Oracle configuration
50
User interface terminology
You perform many configuration steps from the NetBackup Administration Console on the master server. The type of console available depends on your master server platform. NetBackup supports a Java interface for both Windows and UNIX master servers. In addition, NetBackup supports a Windows interface for Windows master servers.
The Java and Windows interfaces are nearly identical. If interface differences exist in the configuration procedures, the term “Windows” or “Java” appears in the procedure to differentiate between the two interfaces.
Permissions for NetBackup for Oracle log files
In UNIX, NetBackup uses the
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs directory tree for the recording of troubleshooting information. NetBackup also uses this directory tree for progress and communication updates to users and other NetBackup applications.
Restrictive permissions on these directories can not only disable the collection of troubleshooting data, but also prevent the application itself from functioning correctly.
Backup operations and restore operations fail when permissions are too restrictive.
We recommend that you make all of the usr/openv/netbackup/logs directories and subdirectories readable and writeable by all users (777 permissions). However, security requirements may prohibit global read-write access. If so, you can restrict permissions of specific directories to a single group or user. If you do restrict permissions, you have to make sure that these restrictions do not affect backup and restore operations. This means that all operations must be initiated using a process that has read and write access to the usr/openv/netbackup/logs directory and subdirectories.
Check that the
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs/user_ops directory tree has 777 permissions. The items in this directory need to be accessible for the applications to operate correctly.
If you restrict permissions on the other directories that are located in
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs
, backup and restore operations are not affected.
However, troubleshooting efforts may be hindered when processes do not have the appropriate permissions to update their designated debug logs.
NetBackup for Oracle backup types
shows the Oracle backup types you can specify.
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Preparing for NetBackup for Oracle configuration
51
Table 4-1
Backup type
Application Backup
Full Backup
Oracle backup types
Description
The Application Backup schedule enables user-controlled
NetBackup operations from the client. These operations include those initiated from the client and those initiated by an automatic schedule on the master server. NetBackup uses the Application
Backup schedule when the user starts a backup manually. Configure at least one Application Backup schedule for each database policy.
The Default-Application-Backup schedule is configured automatically as an Application Backup schedule.
Backs up the files that changed since the last successful incremental
(differential or cumulative) or full backup. All files are backed up if no previous backup was done. Differential incremental backups occur automatically according to schedule criteria. A complete restore requires the last full backup, the last cumulative incremental, and all differential incremental backups that occurred since the last full backup.
Differential Incremental
Backup
A Differential Incremental Backup backs up all blocks that changed since the most recent full or incremental backup at level n or lower.
For example, in a differential level 2 backup, NetBackup backs up all the blocks that were modified since the last level 2, level 1, or level 0 backup. Incremental backups are differential by default.
Cumulative Incremental
Backup
A Cumulative Incremental Backup backs up all blocks that changed since the most recent full backup at level n-1 or lower. For example, in a cumulative level 2 backup, NetBackup backs up all blocks that have changed since the most recent level 1 or level 0 backup.
Cumulative incremental backups reduce the work that is needed for a restore. You need only one cumulative incremental backup from any particular level at restore time. However, cumulative backups typically require more space and time than Differential
Incremental Backups. They duplicate the information in previous backups at the same level.
Archived redo log backup
Oracle RMAN lets you perform conventional stream-based
(non-proxy) backups and proxy backups of archived redo logs.
RMAN can also create snapshots of archived redo logs.
■
■
Oracle Intelligent Policy. Use this policy type to perform stream backups only. You can create an archived log schedule that backs up the archived redo logs in intervals of minutes.
Script- or template-based policy. Use this policy type to perform a stream backup or a proxy backup of the archive logs.
Oracle policy configuration
Preparing for NetBackup for Oracle configuration
52
Table 4-1
Backup type
Control file backup
Oracle backup types (continued)
Description
NetBackup for Oracle must use stream-based backups for Oracle control files.
Configuring the Maximum jobs per client for NetBackup for Oracle
The following procedure shows how to set the Maximum jobs per client attribute.
To configure the maximum jobs per client
1
In the left pane of the NetBackup Administration Console, expand NetBackup
Management > Host Properties.
2 Select Master Server.
3
In the right pane, double-click the server icon.
4 Click Global Attributes.
5
Change the Maximum jobs per client value to 99.
The Maximum jobs per client specifies the maximum number of concurrent backups that are allowed per client. The default is 1.
You can use the following formula to calculate a smaller value for the maximum jobs per client setting:
Maximum jobs per client = number_of_streams X number_of_policies
Refer to the following definitions:
number_of_streams number_of_policies
The number of backup streams between the database server and NetBackup. Each separate stream starts a new backup job on the client.
The number of policies of any type that can back up this client at the same time. This number can be greater than one. For example, a client can be in two policies to back up two different databases. These backup windows can overlap.
For Oracle backups and restores, the number of jobs is difficult to determine. This difficulty exists because Oracle internally determines when and how many streams to run in parallel to optimize performance.
Oracle policy configuration
Instance management for an Oracle Intelligent Policy
53
Note:
Enter a large enough value for the Maximum jobs per client attribute to meet the number of jobs that Oracle runs. You may need to experiment with different values at your site.
Instance management for an Oracle Intelligent Policy
The NetBackup Discovery Service runs on all clients in the environment and reports to the master server when it finds instances of applications. This service helps you to build an Oracle Intelligent Policy. It polls the clients upon NetBackup installation and periodically after installation (every four hours). Instance management collects the discovered instances in an instance repository. The user can access this repository on the NetBackup Administration Console or by using the nboraadm command.
DBAs can run nboraadm on a NetBackup client if the backup administrator enables access to nboraadm by running the following command on the master server:
# nboraadm -add_dba <client_name> <user_name>
See the nboraadm description in the NetBackup Commands Reference Guide .
All instances that you want backed up as part of an Oracle Intelligent Policy must be registered with credentials. Instance management lets you assign credentials to individual instances as well as instance groups. The instances in an instance group share the same set of credentials. You can direct the discovery service to assign the new instances that it discovers to an instance group.
See
“About the NetBackup Discovery Service”
on page 53.
See
“Manually adding an Oracle instance to the repository”
on page 56.
See
“Registering an Oracle instance”
on page 58.
See
“Creating an Oracle instance group”
on page 32.
See
“About Oracle instance groups”
on page 60.
See
“Adding an instance to an instance group”
on page 61.
See
“Automatic Registration of an instance group”
on page 62.
See
on page 63.
See
“About Oracle Intelligent Policies”
on page 64.
About the NetBackup Discovery Service
The NetBackup Discovery Service ( nbdisco
) discovers Oracle instances throughout the NetBackup environment. The discovery service reports to the master server
Oracle policy configuration
Instance management for an Oracle Intelligent Policy
54 when it finds instances of applications to help you build an Oracle Intelligent Policy.
The service polls the clients upon NetBackup installation and periodically after installation (every four hours). Instance management collects the discovered instances in an instance repository. The user can access this repository on the
NetBackup Administration Console or by using the nboraadm command.
By default, this service is enabled to report instances. However, you can use the
REPORT_CLIENT_DISCOVERIES client configuration entry to shut down or restart the service on a particular client. By default,
REPORT_CLIENT_DISCOVERIES is not present in the Windows registry or the UNIX bp.conf
file.
To change the default setting, use bpsetconfig to add or change the entry:
■
In the Windows registry.
■
In the
/usr/openv/netbackup/bp.conf
file on UNIX.
Use the following format:
REPORT_CLIENT_DISCOVERIES = TRUE | FALSE
Set
REPORT_CLIENT_DISCOVERIES to
FALSE to shut down the Discovery Service.
The service shuts down within 10 minutes and remains down on the client. To turn on the Discovery Service on that client, set
REPORT_CLIENT_DISCOVERIES to
TRUE or remove the entire entry. Then run bp.start_all
on the client to restart the service.
To set this value on a client remotely, run the following command from the master server: bpsetconfig -h clientname
Viewing the Oracle instance repository
You can view a complete list of all Oracle instances. In the NetBackup
Administration Console, in the left pane, expand the Applications node, then expand the Oracle node. The two items under the Oracle node are Instances and
Instance Groups.
When you click All Instances, the following is an example of the instance list in the right pane.
Oracle policy configuration
Instance management for an Oracle Intelligent Policy
55
You can click on one of the instances to select it for an operation. You can also select multiple instances for an operation with the following exceptions:
■
You can select only one instance at a time to view properties.
■
You can register multiple instances simultaneously only if the OS type is the same (UNIX or Windows).
The instances are listed with the following column information:
Instance Name
State
Host
OS Type
ORACLE_HOME
TNS_ADMIN
The instance name (ORACLE_SID).
The current state of the instance. Possible values are:
■
■
■
Blank - The instance is not yet registered and cannot be protected using an Intelligent Oracle Policy.
Active - Credentials have been provided for the instance. An
Intelligent Oracle Policy can protect the instance.
Inactive - If the instance is added to a policy, it is not included in the backup. An administrator can inactivate an instance to take it offline (for example, for upgrades).
Specifies the host where the Oracle database resides.
Specifies the operating system of the host. Valid values are
Windows and UNIX.
The file path of the Oracle home directory where the instance resides.
Specifies the location of the network administration directory on the client system if this directory is not in the default location.
Consult your Oracle documentation for the default location of the network administration directory on the client system.
Oracle policy configuration
Instance management for an Oracle Intelligent Policy
56
Instance Group
Registered
Policies
Specifies the Oracle instance group name that this instance is part of. This field is blank if the instance does not belong to an instance group.
Specifies the date and time when a user registered a set of credentials for this instance. This field is blank if the instance has not been given credentials.
The names of the policies that the instance has been assigned to.
Manually adding an Oracle instance to the repository
New instances the instance discovery system finds on the clients are automatically added to the repository. However, you may need to add an instance manually. For example, you do not want to wait for the discovery service to discover the new instance.
Note: If necessary, contact the Oracle database administrator for the correct set of credentials. The DBA can also manually add the instance if the DBA is not willing or allowed to share the credentials with the backup administrator. The DBA can manually add the instance using the nboraadm command on the client.
To manually add an Oracle instance to the repository
1 In the NetBackup Administration Console, in the left pane, expand NetBackup
Management > Applications > Oracle.
2 Click All Instances. All instances in the repository are listed in the right pane.
3 Right-click All Instances and select New instance to display the following:
4 Fill in the Instance Name, Host, and ORACLE_HOME parameters. Click Help to display descriptions of these parameters. For example:
Oracle policy configuration
Instance management for an Oracle Intelligent Policy
57
5 (Conditional) Use the Override Default TNS_ADMIN Path if you need to override the default network administration directory on the client system. Enter the fully qualified path for the network administration directory on this host.
Click Help to display a description of the parameter. Example of the parameter:
6 In the Credentials section of the dialog, click Provide Credentials to display the Register Instance dialog box.
7 Click Use Instance Credentials on the Register Instance dialog box.
8 Enter the OS Credentials. You may have to contact the Oracle DBA for the correct credentials.
9 In the Authentication area, you can optionally click Oracle Authentication to enter specific Oracle credentials. You can also click Use Oracle RMAN
Recovery Catalog to enter credentials for the RMAN recovery catalog. Then click OK.
The system tries to validate the credentials, report its findings, and return you to the Change Instance dialog box. If the client host is not a valid client name,
Validation can fail for the following reasons:
Oracle policy configuration
Instance management for an Oracle Intelligent Policy
58
■
■
If the host name is invalid, the following message appears
Could not validate credentials. Failed to connect to client: <client> (40).
If the host name is correct but you cannot connect to the host because the host is down, the following message appears:
The validation operation timed out waiting for a respond from the client (46)
■
If the host name is correct, but username-password is invalid, the following message appears:
Validation of operating system user/password failed for client: <client> (41).
The error message includes the generated status code which appears in parentheses at the end of the message. The following is an example of an error pop-up window:
Click OK to save the credentials, or you can click Cancel and reenter the credentials. If you save the credentials
Click OK in the Change Instance dialog box.
You have added the instance to the repository and registered the instance with credentials.
Registering an Oracle instance
The NetBackup Discovery Service discovers Oracle instances throughout the
NetBackup environment. The service polls the clients every four hours and collects the discovered instances in an instance repository. The user accesses the repository on the NetBackup Administration Console or by running the nboraadm command.
See the nboraadm description in the NetBackup Commands Reference Guide .
Use the following procedure to register an Oracle instance that the discovery service adds to the instance list.
Oracle policy configuration
Instance management for an Oracle Intelligent Policy
59
To register an Oracle instance
1
In the NetBackup Administration Console, in the left pane, expand NetBackup
Management > Applications > Oracle.
2 Click All Instances. The right pane displays a list of instances. Instances that have previously been registered show a date and time in the Registered column.
3 Double-click the instance that you want to register. The Change Instance dialog box appears. For example, you can select ORAC11 to display the following:
You can select multiple instances to register at the same time.
Oracle policy configuration
Instance management for an Oracle Intelligent Policy
60
4 (Conditional) Use the Override Default TNS_ADMIN Path if you need to override the default network administration directory on the client system. Enter the fully qualified path for the network administration directory on this host.
Click Help to display a description of the parameter. Example of the parameter:
5 In the Credential area, click Edit to display the Oracle Instance Credentials dialog box. For example:
6 In the Oracle Instance Credentials dialog box, click Use Instance
Credentials.
7
Enter the OS Credentials.
8 In the Authentication area, you can optionally click Oracle Authentication to enter specific Oracle credentials. You may need to contact the Oracle DBA for the correct credentials. The system tries to validate the credentials and reports its findings.
You can also click Use Oracle RMAN Recovery Catalog to enter credentials for the RMAN recovery catalog. Then click OK to save the credentials. The
Change Instance dialog box reappears.
Click OK in the Change Instance dialog box.
9
In the right pane of the Applications dialog, check the Registered column to see that the instance is now registered.
10 Repeat for all other instances that you want registered.
About Oracle instance groups
Instance groups can be a major time saver when you create Oracle policies.
Oracle policy configuration
Instance management for an Oracle Intelligent Policy
61
■
■
■
You can configure an instance group to automatically add newly discovered instances to the group.
You need only enter a set of credentials once. Thereafter, all discovered instances can be automatically assigned the same set of credentials, registering instances on the fly.
With the selection of an instance group, you can create a single policy that backs up and restores hundreds and even thousands of instances.
A procedure for creating an instance group is available.
See
“Creating an Oracle instance group”
on page 32.
Adding an instance to an instance group
You can add an instance to an instance group by using the NetBackup Administration
Console or by running the nboraadm command.
See the nboraadm description in the NetBackup Commands Reference Guide .
Note that you may have already registered an instance individually. When you add it to an instance group, its credentials are automatically changed to the group credentials.
To add an instance to an instance group
1 In the NetBackup Administration Console, in the left pane, expand NetBackup
Management > Applications > Oracle.
2
Click All Instances to display all instances in the right pane.
3 Select the instance that you want to be a member of an instance group. You can select multiple instances from the list.
4
On the Actions menu, select Register. The Register Instance dialog appears.
For example:
Oracle policy configuration
Instance management for an Oracle Intelligent Policy
62
5 On the Instance Group pulldown menu, select the desired instance group
(InstanceGroup1 in the example).
6
Click OK. A Validation Report dialog box appears that describes the validation successes and failures.
Automatic Registration of an instance group
The Oracle Discovery Service brings newly discovered instances into the instance repository. Auto Registration is a mechanism that allows a discovered instance to be brought into the repository as a member of an instance group. The instance assumes the credentials of the group and is automatically registered.
To auto-register an instance group
1
In the NetBackup Administration Console, in the left pane, expand NetBackup
Management > Applications > Oracle.
2 Click Instance Groups, then on the Actions menu, select Auto Registration.
The following dialog box appears:
3 In the Automatic Registration dialog box, click the Automatically Register
Newly Discovered Instances. Then select the desired instance group from the pulldown menu.
Oracle policy configuration
Instance management for an Oracle Intelligent Policy
63
4 (Conditional) Use the Override Default Unix TNS_ADMIN Path and or the
Override Default Windows TNS_ADMIN Path if you need to override the default network administration directory on the client system. Enter the fully qualified path for the correct operating system. You can automatically register instances in Windows, UNIX, or a combination of both operating systems. The following dialog box shows an example of this parameter:
5 Click OK to return to the Instances display. All newly discovered instances are automatically added to the specified instance group and registered with the group credentials.
6
A validation report shows if the instances passed or failed. Do one of the following:
■
Click OK to save the credentials anyway. The instance is added to the instance list. However, instances with invalidated credentials cannot be selected as part of an Oracle policy. Their backups fail with a 54xx status error.
■
Click Cancel to go back and change the credentials.
About instance actions
The Actions menu contains several operations that you can perform on the instances in the repository. Another way to perform these actions is to highlight the desired instance or instance group, then right-click and select the operation from the shortcut menu.
describes the actions or operations that you can perform on Oracle instances.
Oracle policy configuration
About Oracle Intelligent Policies
64
Action
New instance
New instance Group
Properties
Register
Delete
Auto Registration
Table 4-2
Instance actions
Description
To create a new instance, select Actions > New > New Instance. A New Instance dialog box appears. Enter the instance properties (instance name, host,
ORACLE_HOME, and credentials).
See
“Manually adding an Oracle instance to the repository”
on page 56.
To create a new instance group, select Actions > New > New Instance Group. A
Create Group (Windows) or Create Instance Group (UNIX) dialog box appears.
See
“About Oracle instance groups”
on page 60.
To display instance or instance group properties, highlight the desired item. Then select
Actions > Properties. The Change Instance appears where you change the instance properties (instance name, host, ORACLE_HOME, and credentials).
To register an instance, highlight the instance, then select Actions > Register. The
Register Instance dialog box appears. Change credentials for the selected item.
See
“Registering an Oracle instance”
on page 58.
See
“Adding an instance to an instance group”
on page 61.
To delete an instance or an instance group from the instances repository list, highlight the item to be deleted, then select Actions > Delete.
You cannot delete an instance or an instance group that is part of a policy. First, use the Instances tab to delete the instance from the policy. Then, in the instances repository list, highlight the instance to be deleted, then select Actions > Delete.
To automatically register newly discovered instances as part of an instance group, highlight Instances in the left pane, then select Actions > Auto Registration.
See
“Automatic Registration of an instance group”
on page 62.
About Oracle Intelligent Policies
Oracle Intelligent Policies are instance-based policies. You can create an Oracle
Intelligent Policy in the following ways:
■
The Policy Configuration Wizard of the NetBackup Administration Console: The wizard guides you through the setup process by automatically choosing the best values for most configurations.
■
The Oracle Policy utility on the NetBackup Administration Console: The Oracle
Policy utility is a set of five tabbed panels that contain all the settings and parameters needed to create or change an Oracle Intelligent Policy.
Oracle policy configuration
About Oracle Intelligent Policies
65
Creating an Oracle Intelligent Policy
The easiest method to set up a backup policy is to use the Policy Configuration
Wizard. This wizard guides you through the setup process by automatically choosing the best values for most configurations.
Not all policy configuration options are presented through the wizard (for example, calendar-based scheduling and the Data Classification setting). After the policy is created, modify the policy in the Policies utility to configure the options that are not part of the wizard.
Use one of the following procedures to create a policy.
To create an Oracle Intelligent Policy with the Policy Configuration Wizard
1
In the left pane of the NetBackup Administration Console, click NetBackup
Management.
2 The right pane displays a set of wizards. Click Create a Policy to begin the
Policy Configuration Wizard.
3
On the first wizard screen, enter the policy name, select Oracle as the policy type, then click Next to continue. Follow the prompts.
4 Follow the prompts. Click Help on any wizard panel for assistance while running the wizard.
Use the following procedure to create a policy by using the Oracle Policy utility instead of the Configuration Wizard.
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About Oracle Intelligent Policies
66
To create an Oracle Intelligent Policy with the Oracle Policy utility
1
In the left pane of the NetBackup Administration Console, expand NetBackup
Management > Policies.
2 Select Actions > New > New Policy or right-click on Policies in the left pane and click New Policy on the shortcut menu. The following dialog box appears:
3 Enter a unique name for the new policy on the Add a New Policy dialog box.
4 If necessary, clear the Use Policy Configuration Wizard check box, because you are not using the wizard in this procedure. Click OK.
5 When the Policies utility Add New Policy dialog box appears. The Attributes tab is displayed in the Add New Policy dialog box.
Oracle policy configuration
About Oracle Intelligent Policies
67
6 In the Policy Type pulldown menu, select Oracle. In the Java GUI, also click the Apply button. This action causes the tabs along the top of the display to change to a unique Oracle tab set. The tab set consists of Attributes,
Schedules, Instances, Backup Selections, and Oracle. The Clients tab is removed. For example:
7
Configure the parameters in these tabs for the new policy.
For information on the Attributes tab, see the NetBackup Administrator's
Guide, Volume I .
For information on the Schedules tab, see the NetBackup Administrator's
Guide, Volume I .
See
on page 71.
See
on page 73.
See
on page 74.
Configuring NetBackup for Oracle automatic backup schedules
Each policy has an automatic backup schedule. These schedules initiate automatic backups and specify when a user can initiate operations.
To configure an automatic backup schedule
1 On the Policy dialog box, click the Schedules tab.
2
Click New.
3 Specify a unique name for the schedule.
Oracle policy configuration
About Oracle Intelligent Policies
68
4 Select the Type of backup.
5
Specify the other properties for the schedule.
See
“About NetBackup for Oracle schedule properties”
on page 80.
6
Click OK.
About NetBackup for Oracle schedule properties
This topic describes the schedule properties that have a different meaning for Oracle
Intelligent Policy backups than for file system backups. Other schedule properties vary according to your specific backup strategy and system configuration. Additional information about other schedule properties is available.
See the NetBackup Administrator’s Guide, Volume I .
Table 4-3
Description of schedule properties
Property
Type of backup
Schedule type
Description
Specifies the type of backup that this schedule controls. The selection list shows only the backup types that apply to the policy you want to configure.
See
“NetBackup for Oracle backup types”
on page 50.
You can schedule a backup in one of the following ways:
■
■
Frequency
This setting is used only for scheduled backups. It is not used for user-directed backups.
Frequency specifies the period of time that can elapse until the next backup or archive operation begins on this schedule. For example, assume that the frequency is seven days and a successful backup occurs on Wednesday. The next full backup does not occur until the following Wednesday. Typically, incremental backups have a shorter frequency than full backups.
Calendar
This setting is used only for scheduled backups. It is not used for user-directed backups.
The Calendar option allows you to schedule backup operations that are based on specific dates, recurring week days, or recurring days of the month.
Oracle policy configuration
About Oracle Intelligent Policies
69
Property
Retention
Multiple copies
Table 4-3
Description of schedule properties (continued)
Description
Specifies a retention period to keep backup copies of files before they are deleted. The retention period for an automatic schedule controls how long NetBackup keeps records of when scheduled backups occurred. Set the time period to retain at least two full backups of your database. In this way, if one full backup is lost, you have another full backup to restore.
The retention period is affected by the type of schedule you select, as follows:
■
■
Frequency-based scheduling
Set a retention period that is longer than the frequency setting for the schedule. For example, if the frequency setting is set to one week, set the retention period to be at least two weeks. The NetBackup scheduler compares the latest record of the automatic backup schedule to the frequency of that automatic backup schedule to determine whether a backup is due. This means that if you set the retention period to expire the record too early, the scheduled backup frequency is unpredictable. However, if you set the retention period to be longer than necessary, the NetBackup catalog accumulates unnecessary records.
Oracle is not notified when NetBackup expires a backup image. Use Oracle RMAN repository maintenance commands to periodically delete expired backup sets from the
Oracle RMAN repository.
Calendar-based scheduling
The retention period setting is not significant for calendar-based scheduling.
If you want to specify multiple copies of a backup for the policy, configure Multiple copies on the application backup schedule.
Oracle Intelligent Policy - Storage and Retention
This topic describes storage and retention properties of the Oracle Intelligent Policy.
See the NetBackup Administrator’s Guide, Volume I .
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70
Table 4-4
Property
Policy is a snapshot type
Description
Storage and retention behavior
If the policy is a snapshot type, the following are the possible scenarios of the retention behavior:
■
■
■
■
If the schedule does not override the policy storage unit, and the policy storage unit is a non-snapshot SLP, the SLP determines the retention period and the policy uses the policy storage unit.
If the schedule does not override the policy storage unit and the policy storage unit is not an SLP, the schedule determines the retention period, and the policy uses the policy storage unit.
If the schedule does override the policy storage unit with an SLP, and it is not a snapshot SLP, the override storage unit takes precedence over the policy storage unit, and the SLP determines the retention period
If the schedule overrides the policy storage unit with a snapshot SLP, the policy storage unit must be a non-snapshot SLP. The SLP on the policy storage unit determines the retention period for the streamed data. Also, the SLP on the schedule determines the retention for the snapshot data.
Policy is not a snapshot type
If the policy is not a snapshot type, the following are the possible scenarios of the retention behavior:
■
■
■
■
If the schedule does not override the policy storage unit and the policy storage unit is not an SLP, the schedule determines the retention period.
If the schedule does not override the policy storage unit and the policy storage unit is an SLP, the SLP determines the retention period.
If the schedule overrides the policy storage unit, and the schedule storage unit is not an SLP, the schedule determines the retention period.
If the schedule overrides the policy storage unit and the schedule storage unit is an SLP, the SLP determines the retention period.
The following are examples of the Oracle Intelligent Policy storage and retention behavior for snapshot-based policy types.
Policy storage
AdvancedDisk
AdvancedDisk
SLP
Tape library -
-
-
SLP
Schedule storage Streamed data retention is derived from:
Snapshot data retention is derived from:
Schedule
SLP
Schedule
SLP
SLP
Schedule
SLP
Schedule
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Policy storage Schedule storage
Non-Snapshot SLP
AdvancedDisk
Snapshot SLP
Snapshot SLP
Streamed data retention is derived from:
Snapshot data retention is derived from:
Non-Snapshot SLP Snapshot SLP
Invalid configuration Invalid configuration
The following are examples of the Oracle Intelligent Policy storage and retention behavior for stream-based policy types.
Policy storage Schedule storage
AdvancedDisk
SLP
AdvancedDisk
SLP
-
AdvancedDisk
-
SLP
Streamed data retention is derived from:
Schedule
Schedule
SLP
SLP
Oracle Intelligent Policy master server behavior
By default for an Oracle Intelligent Policy, the client uses the first server in the server list to start the Oracle backup or restore operation. However, you may want the operation to recognize the master server name that is passed down from the master server. If so, do one of the following:
■
On UNIX, add USE_REQUESTED_MASTER = TRUE to the bp.conf
file, which enables more than one master server to back up the client.
■
On Windows, enter the USE_REQUESTED_MASTER = TRUE statement into a text file (for example, new_config.txt
). Then use the following command on the master or the media server to send this newly created configuration file to the client host:
# bpsetconfig -h myoracleclient new_config.txt
Instances tab
The Instances tab displays all the instances and instance groups that the Oracle
Intelligent Policy is scheduled to back up. Until you select items, the panel is blank.
To add an instance or instance group to the list, click New. If you add a new Oracle policy or change an existing Oracle policy, this tab appears along the top of the dialog.
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Click the Instances tab to display the following categories of items. Note that any existing backup selections and instance selections are erased when you select one of these options.
■
Select instances. All instances are displayed that you want to back up for this policy. To delete all items in this list, click Delete. To add new instances to this list, click New. A new panel appears that displays all registered instances for selection.
If an instance does not appear in this panel because it is unregistered, you can register that instance and add it to the policy later. You can select multiple instances to add to the policy. Click the check boxes next to each instance that you want backed up by the policy. This operation takes effect when you click
OK.
■
■
Select instance groups. This panel displays all instance groups that you have created. All instances that are a part of an instance group at backup time are backed up. To add an instance group to the list of groups that are displayed on this panel, click New. A new panel appears that displays all instance groups for selection.
You can select multiple instance groups to add to the policy. Click the check boxes next to each instance group that you want backed up by the policy. This operation takes effect when you click OK.
To see what instances are backed up if the policy is run for a specified instance group, highlight the group, then click Preview Instances. A panel appears that shows a list of all the instances in the instance group.
Clients. If you want to select the clients that use scripts or templates as the method of configuring an Oracle policy, select Select clients for use with
scripts or templates. The tab set along the top of the dialog changes to be appropriate for script- and template-based Oracle policies.
Table 4-5
Instances tab fields
Field
Instance Name
Description
The listing in the panel window depends on what selection is made at the top of the window.
■
■
■
The Select instances button displays the instances that the policy backs up. Click New. The Select Instances dialog display all the registered instances.
The Select instance groups button displays all instance groups to be backed up by the policy. Click New. The Select Instance
Group dialog displays all instance groups created on this server.
Select clients for use with scripts or templates lets you choose a client to back up.
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Table 4-5
Field
State
Host
OS Type
ORACLE_HOME
Instance Group
Registered
Instances tab fields (continued)
Description
The status of the instance. The following are possible values:
■
■
Active - Credentials have been provided for the instance and an Intelligent Oracle policy can back up the instance.
Inactive - If you added the instance to a policy, the policy does not back up the instance. An administrator may do this action to take the instance offline for some reason (for example, upgrades).
Specifies the host where the Oracle database resides.
Specifies the operating system of the client host. Valid values are
Windows and UNIX.
The file path of the Oracle home directory where the instance resides.
Specifies the Oracle instance group name that this instance is part of. This field is blank if the instance does not belong to an instance group.
Specifies the date and time when a user gave the instance a set of credentials.
Click OK to continue.
Backup Selections tab
The Backup Selections tab lets you change the type of Oracle backup. You can back up the whole database, only the tablespaces, only the data files, or the Fast
Recovery Area (FRA). The following is the selection list:
■
Whole database
■
■
Partial database - Tablespaces
Partial database - Data files
■
Fast Recovery Area - FRA. This option backs up the contents of the FRA. For the Oracle instance to be restored and recovered, make sure that the FRA contains a recoverable image set when it is backed up.
By default, the Whole database option is selected and the backup selections contain the directive WHOLE_DATABASE. If you choose one of the partial options
(tablespaces or data files), you must click the New button to display a new panel.
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74
The panel contains a list of instances from which you can select tablespaces or the data files that the new policy can back up.
When you back up tablespaces or data files for multiple instances, the tablespace or data file selection applies across all instances selected in the policy. If a tablespace is selected for one instance, that tablespace is backed up for all instances in the policy that contains a tablespace with the same name.
Oracle tab
This tab contains options for tablespaces and data files, archived redo logs, and file name formats.
Table 4-6
Oracle tab fields
Field
Tablespace/Datafile
Options
Description
Number of parallel streams is the number of parallel backup streams that can be used in a backup operation.
Select Specify read-only tablespace options to enable read-only tablespace options. Possible values are SKIP and FORCE. SKIP means to skip the read-only tablespace during backup. FORCE means that RMAN backs up all files.
Select Offline (cold) database backup to shut down the Oracle database and put it in the mount state.
Select Skip offline datafiles to direct the backup operation to not access offline data files.
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Table 4-6
Field
Specify maximum limits
Oracle tab fields (continued)
Description
Select Specify maximum limits to access several I/O and backup set limits
Maximum I/O Limits parameters:
■
■
■
Read rate (RATE) specifies the maximum number of kilobytes
(KB) that RMAN reads each second on this channel. This parameter sets an upper limit for bytes read so that RMAN does not consume too much disk bandwidth and degrade performance.
Size of backup piece (MAXPIECESIZE) specifies the maximum size of each backup piece that is created on this channel.
Number of open files (MAXOPENFILES) controls the maximum number of input files that the backup operation can have open at any given time.
Maximum Backup Set Limits parameters:
■
■
Number of files per backup set (FILESPERSET) specifies the maximum number of input files to include in each output backup set.
Size of the backup set (KB) (MAXSETSIZE) specifies a maximum size for a backup set in kilobytes.
Backup set identifier
Backup set identifier (TAG) specifies a user-specified tag name for a backup set, proxy copy, data file copy, or control file copy.
The tag is applied to the output files that the backup generates.
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Table 4-6
Field
Archived redo log options
Oracle tab fields (continued)
Description
Select Include archived redo logs in full and incremental
schedules to include the archived redo logs in the full and the incremental schedule backups.
Select Delete after making copies to delete the archived redo logs after they are successfully backed up.
Number of parallel streams controls the degree of parallelism within a backup. This number specifies the maximum number of connections between RMAN and a database instance. Each connection initiates an Oracle server session on the target instance.
This server session performs the work of backing up backup sets.
Specify Specify maximum limits to set custom limits for the archive redo logs.
■
■
Number of files per backup set specifies the maximum number of archived redo log files to include in each output backup set.
Size of the backup set (KB) (MAXSETSIZE) specifies a maximum size for a backup set of archived redo logs in kilobytes.
User Specified
Backup File Name
Formats
Select Specify backup file name formats to set up formats for various backup file names for data files, archived redo logs, the control file, and Fast Recovery Area (FRA).
Ensure that the format that is specified for all RMAN backup piece names (except for auto-backups of the control file) ends with _%t.
NetBackup uses this timestamp as part of its search criteria for catalog images. Without this timestamp, performance might degrade as the NetBackup catalog grows.
About script- or template-based Oracle policies
NetBackup users or automatic schedules can start database backups by specifying a template or a shell script in the file list of the Oracle policy. The template or the shell script specifies the backup commands that RMAN performs on the client.
On UNIX, NetBackup for Oracle includes a library of functions that enable RMAN to use NetBackup. You can link to this library
See the instructions for how to link to this library.
See
“About linking Oracle RMAN with NetBackup for UNIX”
on page 39.
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77
On Windows, NetBackup for Oracle includes a library of functions that enable RMAN to use NetBackup. This library is in c:\Windows\system32
.
When you use the RMAN backup command, each resulting backup set contains at least one backup piece (data file, data file copy, control file, or archive log) from the target database. You must give each backup piece a unique name using the format operand. Several substitution variables are available to aid in generating unique names. You can specify the format operand in the backup command.
NetBackup considers the backup piece name as the file being backed up, so this name must be unique in the catalog.
For a backup, the following items apply:
■
■
The rman command starts the requested operation on the databases.
When the process requires media to store backup data, RMAN starts a user-directed backup by issuing a backup request.
■
■
■
■
The NetBackup media server connects to NetBackup for Oracle on the client.
NetBackup for Oracle on the client sends the database data to the NetBackup media server which saves the data to secondary storage. A restore works in essentially the same manner except that RMAN issues a restore request. This causes NetBackup to retrieve the data from secondary storage and send it to
NetBackup for Oracle on the client.
RMAN supports parallel operations, so a single rman command can start more than one backup, or restore on the NetBackup system.
The status for an RMAN operation is stored in the RMAN catalog or in the database control file. This same status appears in the output of the RMAN command that is used to run the backup or restore. This status is the only status that a database administrator must check to verify that a backup or restore has been successful.
NetBackup also logs status, but only for its own part of the operation. The database administrator cannot use the NetBackup status to determine whether rman was successful. Errors can occur in rman that do not affect NetBackup and are not recorded in its logs.
Adding a new script- or template-based Oracle policy
This topic describes how to add a new backup policy for a database.
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78
To add a new script- or template-based Oracle policy
1
Log on to the master server as administrator (Windows) or root (UNIX), and start the NetBackup Administration Console.
2 If your site has more than one master server, choose the one on which you want to add the policy.
3
In the NetBackup Administration Console, select NetBackup Management
> Policies. Then select Actions > New > New Policy.
4 In the Add a New Policy dialog box, in the Policy name box, type a unique name for the new policy. Click OK.
5
In the Add New Policy dialog box, in the Policy type list, select Oracle. The tabs along the top of the dialog change to include an Instances tab.
The database agent policy type does not appear in the drop-down list unless your master server has a license key for the database agent.
6
Click the Instances tab and select Select clients for use with scripts or
templates. The tabs along the top of the dialog change again to include a
Clients tab.
7 Click OK to return to the main screen of the NetBackup Administration
Console. Select View > Refresh to refresh the GUI so that the appropriate schedule information appears in the Schedules tab.
8
In the right pane, double-click the policy that you have added.
9 Complete the entries on the Attributes tab.
See
“About policy attributes for NetBackup for Oracle”
on page 79.
10 Add other policy information as follows:
■
■
■
Add schedules.
See
“Configuring NetBackup for Oracle automatic backup schedules”
on page 67.
Add clients. On the Clients tab, click Select clients for use with Scripts
or templates button. Then click New to display a list of all possible clients.
Select new clients from this list, then click OK.
See
“Adding clients to a NetBackup for Oracle policy”
on page 83.
Add templates or scripts to the backup selections list.
See
“About adding backup selections to an Oracle policy”
on page 84.
11 When you have added all the schedules, clients, and backup selections you need, click OK.
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79
About policy attributes for NetBackup for Oracle
With a few exceptions, NetBackup manages a database backup like a file system backup. Other policy attributes vary according to your specific backup strategy and system configuration.
For more information on policy attributes, see the NetBackup Administrator’s Guide,
Volume I .
describes the policy attributes available for a NetBackup for
Oracle policy.
Attribute
Policy type
Table 4-7
Policy attribute descriptions for NetBackup for Oracle policies
Description
Determines the types of clients that can be in the policy. In some cases the policy type determines the types of backups that NetBackup can perform on those clients. To use the
Oracle database agent, you must define at least one policy of type that is Oracle.
Limit jobs per policy
Sets the maximum number of instances that NetBackup can back up concurrently with this policy.
Follow NFS
This option is available for Oracle policies on UNIX. Select this attribute to back up files from
NFS-mounted file systems. If this option is not selected, NetBackup cannot perform a backup of NFS-mounted files.
Also see the NetBackup Administrator's Guide, Volume I .
Note:
This option is not available for snapshot backups.
Keyword phrase
For NetBackup for Oracle, the Keyword phrase entry is ignored.
Snapshot Client and
Replication Director
This group contains the options that enable backups with Snapshot Client and Replication
Director.
About backup schedules, templates, and scripts
Be aware of what may happen if an automatic schedule invokes a script that a user authored. NetBackup does not provide safeguards to prevent an automatic backup schedule, for example, from running a restore or recovery script.
To help guard against such mistakes, use a template instead of a script whenever possible. When a template runs, it detects the backup type on the schedule. You are responsible for specifying a template with the correct operation type (backup or restore) in the policy.
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About NetBackup for Oracle schedule properties
This topic describes the schedule properties that have a different meaning for database backups than for file system backups. Other schedule properties vary according to your specific backup strategy and system configuration. Additional information about other schedule properties is available.
See the NetBackup Administrator’s Guide, Volume I .
Property
Type of backup
Schedule type
Table 4-8
Description of schedule properties
Description
Specifies the type of backup that this schedule controls. The selection list shows only the backup types that apply to the policy you want to configure.
See
“Preparing for NetBackup for Oracle configuration”
on page 48.
You can schedule a backup in one of the following ways:
■
■
Frequency
This setting is used only for automatic schedules. It is not used for application schedules.
Frequency specifies the period of time that can elapse until the next backup operation begins on this schedule. For example, assume that the frequency is seven days and a successful backup occurs on Wednesday. The next full backup does not occur until the following Wednesday. Typically, incremental backups have a shorter frequency than full backups.
Calendar
This setting is used only for schedules. It is not used for application schedules. The
Calendar option allows you to schedule backup operations that are based on specific dates, recurring week days, or recurring days of the month.
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Property
Retention
Multiple copies
Table 4-8
Description of schedule properties (continued)
Description
The retention period for an application backup schedule refers to the length of time that
NetBackup keeps backup images (stream-based backups). The retention period for an automatic schedule controls how long NetBackup keeps records of when scheduled backups occurred (proxy backups). For example, if your database is backed up once every Sunday morning, you should select a retention period of at least 2 weeks.
The retention period is affected by the type of schedule you select, as follows:
■
■
Frequency-based scheduling
Set a retention period that is longer than the frequency setting for the schedule. For example, if the frequency setting is set to one week, set the retention period to be more than one week. The NetBackup scheduler compares the latest record of the automatic backup schedule to the frequency of that automatic backup schedule to determine whether a backup is due. This means that if you set the retention period to expire the record too early, the scheduled backup frequency is unpredictable. However, if you set the retention period to be longer than necessary, the NetBackup catalog accumulates unnecessary records.
Oracle is not notified when NetBackup expires a backup image. Use Oracle RMAN repository maintenance commands to periodically delete expired backup sets from the
Oracle RMAN repository.
Oracle XML export operations create archives for long-term storage and recovery. Set the retention level to a period of years or to infinity.
Calendar-based scheduling
The retention period setting is not significant for calendar-based scheduling.
If you want to specify multiple copies of a backup for the policy, configure Multiple copies on the application backup schedule. If using Snapshot Client , also specify Multiple copies on the automatic schedule.
Script- or template-based policy - Storage and Retention
This topic describes storage and retention properties of the script- and template-based policies.
See the NetBackup Administrator’s Guide, Volume I .
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82
Table 4-9
Property
Policy is a snapshot type
Policy is not a snapshot type
Description
Storage and retention behavior
If the policy is a snapshot type, the following are the possible scenarios of the retention behavior:
■
■
■
■
If a schedule has overridden the policy storage, the override storage on the schedule takes precedence over the policy storage.
If the policy storage is a snapshot SLP, the application schedule must override the policy storage. The storage that is specified on the application schedule may not be a snapshot SLP.
If the storage being used is not an SLP, the schedule determines the retention for the snapshot data.
If you use the policy storage unit as an SLP, the SLP determines the retention for the snapshot data.
Streamed data is processed by using the application schedule. Snapshot data is processed by using the automatic schedule.
If the policy is not a snapshot type, the following are the possible scenarios of the retention behavior:
■
■
■
If the application schedule has overridden the policy storage, the override storage on the schedule takes precedence over the policy storage.
If the storage being used is not an SLP, the retention is derived from the schedule.
If the storage being used is an SLP, the retention is derived from the SLP.
Since all data is streamed, the data is processed using the application schedule.
The following are examples of the script- or template-based policy storage and retention behavior for snapshot-based policy types:
Policy storage
AdvancedDisk
AdvancedDisk -
-
Application schedule storage
Non-Snapshot
SLP
Tape library
AdvancedDisk
Non-Snapshot
SLP
-
-
Full/Incremental schedule storage
Streamed data retention is derived from:
Snapshot data retention is derived from:
Application
Schedule
Full/Incremental
Schedule
-
Non-Snapshot
SLP
Application
Schedule
Application
Schedule
Non-Snapshot
SLP
Non-Snapshot
SLP
Non-Snapshot
SLP
Full/Incremental
Schedule
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Policy storage Application schedule storage
Snapshot SLP AdvancedDisk
(must be specified)
AdvancedDisk -
Non-Snapshot
SLP
AdvancedDisk
-
Non-Snapshot
SLP
Snapshot SLP Non-Snapshot
SLP (must be specified)
-
Full/Incremental schedule storage
Streamed data retention is derived from:
Snapshot data retention is derived from:
Snapshot SLP Application
Schedule
Snapshot SLP on
Full/Incremental
Schedule
Snapshot SLP Snapshot SLP
Snapshot SLP
Snapshot SLP
Application
Schedule
Non-Snapshot
SLP
Non-Snapshot on Application
Schedule
Non-Snapshot on Application
Schedule
Non-Snapshot
SLP
Snapshot SLP on
Full/Incremental
Schedule
Snapshot SLP on
Full/Incremental
Schedule
The following are examples of the script- or template-based policy storage and retention behavior for stream-based policy types:
Policy storage Schedule storage
AdvancedDisk
Non-Snapshot SLP
AdvancedDisk
-
AdvancedDisk
Non-Snapshot SLP
Non-Snapshot SLP
AdvancedDisk
Snapshot SLP
-
-
-
Application schedule storage
Streamed data retention is derived from:
Application Schedule N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Non-Snapshot SLP
AdvancedDisk
Application Schedule
Non-Snapshot SLP
Non-Snapshot SLP
Non-Snapshot SLP
Application Schedule
Adding clients to a NetBackup for Oracle policy
The client list contains a list of the clients on which your scripts are run during an automatic backup, and/or the clients that can send backup requests to the application
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About script- or template-based Oracle policies
84 schedule. A NetBackup client must be in at least one policy but can be in more than one.
NetBackup attempts to run each template in the backup selections list for each client in the client list. If a template is not valid on a particular client, the template is skipped. (For example, if the Oracle home that is specified in the template does not exist on that client.) A policy can contain multiple clients and multiple templates.
Only a subset of the templates needs to be valid on each client. If the valid templates are successful, the entire backup is successful.
For a NetBackup for Oracle policy, clients you want to add must have the following software installed:
■
Oracle
■
NetBackup client or server
■
The backup shell script(s), unless you use templates
To add clients to a NetBackup for Oracle policy
1 To access the Policy dialog box, double-click the policy name in the Policies list in the NetBackup Administration Console.
2 In the Policy dialog box, click the Clients tab.
3 Click New.
4 Type the name of the client and press Enter (Windows) or click Add (Java).
If Oracle is installed in a cluster, specify the virtual Oracle name as the client name.
5 (Windows) To add another client, repeat step
and step
.
6 (Java) To add another client, repeat step
.
7 If this client is the last client you want to add, click OK.
8 (Java) In the Policy dialog box, click Close.
About adding backup selections to an Oracle policy
The backup selections list in a database policy has a different meaning than for non-database policies. For example, in a Standard or MS- Windows policy, the list contains files and directories to be backed up.
In a database policy, you specify templates or scripts to be run.
Observe the following rules when you use templates or scripts:
■
Make sure that the scripts reside on each client in the client list.
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85
■
■
Scripts can reside in any location. Make sure that NetBackup can access the location you choose and that NetBackup can run the scripts.
Note that templates do not reside on the clients. Templates reside on the
NetBackup master server.
NetBackup installs sample scripts when you install the software; you can modify these scripts for your own use.
Write the scripts to a location outside of the original installation location. In this way future NetBackup installations do not overwrite your site’s scripts.
If you use NetBackup for Oracle in a NetBackup server cluster, make sure that the scripts reside in a location that is available after a failover.
Add templates or scripts to the backup selections list only if you want to set up a policy for automatic backups. These templates or scripts are run for manual backups and for automatic schedules as specified under the Schedules tab. NetBackup runs the templates or scripts in the order that the templates or scripts appear in the backup selections list.
Adding a template to the backup selections list from the Java interface
The following procedure describes how to add a template to the backup selections list with the Java interface.
Note: Be sure to specify the correct template name in the backup selections list to prevent an error or a wrong operation.
To add a template to the backup selections list from the Java interface
1 Open the Policy dialog box.
To access the Policy dialog box, double-click the policy name in the Policies list in the NetBackup Administration Console.
2 Click the Backup Selections tab.
3 Click New.
4 From the Template Set list, choose the template type by operation.
5 From the Script or Template list, select a template or type the name of a template.
Include the
.tpl
extension. Do not include the full path. For example, weekly_full_backup.tpl
.
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6 Click Add to add the template to the list.
7
Click OK.
Adding a script to the backup selections list from the Java interface
Note:
Be sure to specify the correct script name in the backup selections list to prevent an error or a wrong operation.
To add a script to the backup selections list from the Java interface
1 Open the Policy dialog box.
To access the Policy dialog box, double-click the policy name in the Policies list in the NetBackup Administration Console.
2 Click the Backup Selections tab.
3 Click New.
4 In the Script or Template box, type the full path name of a script on the client.
For example:
/backup_scripts/db/cold_backup.sh
C:\backup_scripts\db\cold_backup.cmd
5 Click Add to add the script to the list.
6 Click OK.
Adding a template to the backup selections list from the
Windows interface
Note: Be sure to specify the correct template name in the backup selections list to prevent an error or a wrong operation.
To add a template to the backup selections list from the Windows interface
1
In the Policy dialog box, click the Backup Selections tab.
To access the Policy dialog box, double-click the policy name in the Policies list in the NetBackup Administration Console.
2
Click New.
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3 Click the Template button.
Alternatively, you can type the name of the template with the
.tpl
extension.
Do not include the full path. For example, weekly_full_backup.tpl
.
4 From the Template set list, choose the template type by operation.
5 From the Template list, choose the correct template.
6 Click OK.
7 Click OK.
Adding a script to the backup selections list from the Windows interface
Note:
Be sure to specify the correct script name in the backup selections list to prevent an error or a wrong operation. The script must reside on the client before you try to add it to the backup selections list.
To add a script to the backup selections list from the Windows interface
1 In the Policy dialog box, click the Backup Selections tab.
To access the Policy dialog box, double-click the policy name in the Policies list in the NetBackup Administration Console.
2 Click New.
3
Click the Remote Folder button.
Alternatively, you can type the full path name of the script on the client. For example:
/backup_scripts/db/cold_backup.sh
C:\backup_scripts\db\cold_backup.cmd
4
Navigate to and select the script file.
5 Click OK.
6
Click OK.
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88
About configuring the run-time environment
The order for run-time configuration can be slightly different for all backups. The order of precedence is different for backups using templates versus all other types of backups.
A certain order applies when you use scheduled backups with templates. The following is the order of precedence for the run-time configuration variable settings:
■
■
■
Environment variables that NetBackup sets.
UNIX: See
“About the environment variables set by NetBackup for Oracle”
on page 90.
Environment variables that the user sets. For RMAN backups, the user sets these variables with the Oracle RMAN send command and parms operand.
See
“About the Oracle RMAN environment”
on page 88.
User bp.conf
and master bp.conf
on UNIX.
See
“About the bp.conf file on UNIX systems”
on page 93.
A certain order applies when you use Oracle backups other than scheduled backups with templates.
The following is the order of precedence for the run-time configuration variable settings:
■
Environment variables that the user sets.
■
Environment variables that NetBackup sets.
■
User bp.conf
and master bp.conf
on UNIX.
About the Oracle RMAN environment
On UNIX, when RMAN is connected to a database using TNS SQL*Net, the send command defines the RMAN environment. When RMAN is connected to a database through a local connection, the send command or the parms operand defines the environment.
On UNIX, when RMAN is connected to a database through a
LISTENER using
SQL*Net, it takes on the environment of the
LISTENER
. Therefore, the environment that is defined at the system level is not visible when RMAN is running. In this case, the send command is used to modify the run-time environment.
On Windows, because components of RMAN run as services on Windows, special attention should be given to environment variables. The environment that a service runs in is established when the service is started, usually when the system is booted.
Typically, a service is run under the
SYSTEM account so it can take on the system
Oracle policy configuration
About script- or template-based Oracle policies
89 level environment settings. Because a service provides RMAN functionality, an environment variable that is set at run-time is not visible during a backup or restore.
With templates, you specify the NetBackup for Oracle environment variables on the NetBackup for Oracle configuration variables wizard page.
Use the send command or the parms operand to specify NetBackup for Oracle environment variables for use during a backup or restore.
Example 1. Use the send command to specify the policy and server to use for a database backup. As this example shows, specify the variables in the string in the
RMAN script after all channels have been allocated and before the backup command.
run { allocate channel t1 type 'SBT_TAPE'; allocate channel t2 type 'SBT_TAPE'; send 'NB_ORA_POLICY=your_policy, NB_ORA_SERV=your_server'; backup
(database format 'bk_%U_%t'); release channel t1; release channel t2;
}
Example 2. Use the parms operand to specify the policy and server to use for a database backup.
parms is set with each allocate channel command in the shell script.
run { allocate channel t1 DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE'
PARMS "SBT_LIBRARY=/usr/openv/netbackup/bin/libobk.so
ENV=(NB_ORA_POLICY=your_pol, NB_ORA_SERV=your_server)'
NB_ORA_SERV=your_server)"; allocate channel t2 DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE'
PARMS "SBT_LIBRARY=/usr/openv/netbackup/bin/libobk.so
ENV=(NB_ORA_POLICY=your_pol, NB_ORA_SERV=your_server)'
NB_ORA_SERV=your_server)"; backup
(database format 'bk_%s_%p_%t'); release channel t1; release channel t2;
}
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90
About the environment variables set by NetBackup for Oracle
When a schedule runs, NetBackup sets environment variables for templates and shell scripts to use when you perform a NetBackup operation. These variables are set only if the backup is started from the server, either automatically by the
NetBackup scheduler or manually through the administrator interface.
On UNIX, these variables can be used to perform conditional operations.
shows the variables.
Table 4-10
Variables that NetBackup for Oracle sets
Environment variable
NB_ORA_SERV
NB_ORA_POLICY
NB_ORA_CLIENT
NB_ORA_FULL
NB_ORA_INCR
NB_ORA_CINC
Purpose
Name of the NetBackup server.
Name of the Oracle policy.
Name of the NetBackup client that hosts the Oracle database.
Set to 1 for Full backups.
Set to 1 for Differential incremental backups.
Set to 1 for Cumulative incremental backups.
About the RMAN SEND command variables
Oracle SEND command supports several options that are used with NetBackup for
Oracle.
describes the options you can set for the RMAN SEND command.
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91
Table 4-11
Option
BKUP_IMAGE_PERM
NB_ORA_PC_SCHED
Options for the SEND command
Purpose
Lets you set the permissions on a backup image at backup time. Possible values are the following:
USER - set the permissions to 600. Only the original user who backed up the data has access to the backup images.
GROUP - set the permissions to 660. Anyone from the same group as the original user who backed up the data has access to the backup images.
ANY - set the permissions to 664. Anyone has access to the backup images.
If this keyword is not specified, the permissions default to
660.
To specify this keyword, use the send command to set the variable. For example:
SEND 'BKUP_IMAGE_PERM=ANY';
Specifies the name of the Oracle client.
NB_ORA_CLIENT
NB_ORA_COPY_NUMBER
NB_ORA_METADATA
NB_ORA_PARENT_JOBID
NB_ORA_PC_RESTORE
Specifies which copy of the backup to use for the restore.
Enables (YES) and disables (NO) metadata collection for
Guided Recovery operations.
Enables the parent ID of the job ID to be displayed in the
Activity Monitor (only valid if it is a scheduled job).
Specifies a snapshot rollback restore using a script or
RMAN command.
Specifies the NetBackup for the Oracle schedule that
NetBackup uses for a proxy copy file-based backup. (This schedule can be Full, Differential Incremental, or
Cumulative Incremental backup type). For scheduled backups, this variable is passed from the scheduler. When you create an RMAN template with the NetBackup for
Oracle RMAN template generation wizard, this variable is automatically created in the template.
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92
Table 4-11
Option
Options for the SEND command (continued)
NB_ORA_PC_STREAMS
NB_ORA_POLICY
Purpose
Specifies the number of backup streams that NetBackup starts simultaneously in each proxy copy session. When a backup starts, NetBackup groups all data files into a specified number of backup streams that are based on the file sizes. NetBackup tries to create streams of equal size.
The default value for NB_ORA_PC_STREAMS is 1.
Only a user can set this variable. When you create an
RMAN template using the NetBackup for Oracle RMAN template generation wizard, it is automatically created in the template when you provide a value for the number of parallel streams.
Specifies the name of the policy to use for the Oracle backup.
NB_ORA_RESTORE_PRIORITY
Specifies the restore priority in NetBackup.
NB_ORA_SCHED
NB_ORA_SERV
CPF1_BK_CLASS
Specifies the name of the Application Backup schedule to use for the Oracle backup.
Specifies the name of the NetBackup master server.
Backup Policy <%s> to be used for backup copy number
1.
CPF1_BK_POLICY
CPF1_POLICY
CPF1_SCHED
CPF2_BK_CLASS
CPF2_BK_POLICY
CPF2_POLICY
CPF2_SCHED
CPF3_BK_CLASS
Application Backup <%s> to be used for backup copy number 1.
Policy<%s> to be used for backup copy number 1.
Application Backup Schedule <%s> for backup copy number 1.
Backup Policy <%s> to be used for backup copy number
2.
Application Backup <%s> to be used for backup copy number 2.
Policy <%s> to be used for backup copy number 2.
Application Backup Schedule <%s> for backup copy number 2.
Backup Policy <%s> to be used for backup copy number
3.
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93
Table 4-11
Option
CPF3_BK_POLICY
Options for the SEND command (continued)
Purpose
Application Backup <%s> to be used for backup copy number 3.
Policy <%s> to be used for backup copy number 3.
CPF3_POLICY
CPF3_SCHED
CPF4_BK_CLASS
CPF4_BK_POLICY
CPF4_POLICY
CPF4_SCHED
Application Backup Schedule <%s> for backup copy number 3.
Backup Policy <%s> to be used for backup copy number
4.
Application Backup <%s> to be used for backup copy number 4.
Policy<%s> to be used for backup copy number 4.
Application Backup Schedule <%s> for backup copy number 4.
For more information, see the NetBackup System Administrator’s Guide, Volume
I .
About the bp.conf file on UNIX systems
A NetBackup for Oracle user can create an Oracle client bp.conf
file in the Oracle user’s home directory on the NetBackup for Oracle client host. When a NetBackup for Oracle operation is started, the user’s bp.conf
file is searched before the master configuration file (
/usr/openv/netbackup/bp.conf
) on the client. Any option that is found at the user level overrides the same option’s setting at the master level.
shows the options you can set in the user’s bp.conf
file.
Table 4-12
Option
BPBACKUP_POLICY
BPBACKUP_SCHED
CLIENT_NAME
Options for the user bp.conf file
Purpose
This option specifies the name of the policy to use for the Oracle backup.
This option specifies the name of the Application
Backup type of schedule to use for the Oracle backup.
This option specifies the name of the Oracle client.
This name is especially useful for a redirected restore operation.
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About script- or template-based Oracle policies
94
Table 4-12
Option
SERVER
VERBOSE
Options for the user bp.conf file (continued)
CLIENT_READ_TIMEOUT
Purpose
Use this option to increase the number of seconds that the Oracle client initially waits for a response from the
NetBackup server. The default is the greater of 900 or
CLIENT_READ_TIMEOUT
.
This option specifies the name of the NetBackup master server.
This option causes NetBackup to include more information in its logs.
For more information, see the NetBackup System Administrator’s Guide, Volume
I .
The following shows example bp.conf
entries for an Oracle user:
SERVER=jupiter
CLIENT_READ_TIMEOUT=900
VERBOSE=1
About creating templates and shell scripts
RMAN templates and scripts contain the commands that run NetBackup RMAN backup and recovery jobs. Templates and scripts must be created before NetBackup can perform scheduled backups. These are the template files or shell scripts that are specified in policy configuration on the NetBackup server.
Starting the NetBackup Backup, Archive, and Restore interface
To start the NetBackup Backup, Archive, and Restore interface
1 Use operating system methods to log into the client upon which NetBackup for Oracle is installed.
2 Make sure that the Oracle database is in the mount or open state.
3 Start the NetBackup Backup, Archive, and Restore interface on the NetBackup client.
■
From the Windows Start menu, choose All Programs > Symantec
NetBackup > Backup, Archive, and Restore.
■
On UNIX, run the following command:
Oracle policy configuration
About script- or template-based Oracle policies
95
/usr/openv/java/jbpSA &
4 Provide the information that the logon dialog box requests.
On UNIX systems, how you log onto NetBackup depends on how your Oracle authentication is configured:
■
OS authentication for Oracle:
Log on to NetBackup as an Oracle DBA UNIX account that includes sysdba privileges.
■
Oracle authentication by password file:
Log on to NetBackup using any UNIX account, including root. You need to provide additional Oracle logon information later in the backup process.
For the host name, type the name of the client upon which the Oracle database and NetBackup for Oracle reside. Type your user name and password in the other fields. You can log on as a regular user.
On Windows, you do not have to logon as the administrator or as the Oracle administrator.
RMAN templates and shell scripts
You can use templates or shell scripts with the NetBackup for Oracle agent.
The NetBackup for Oracle backup wizard creates backup templates. You can launch this wizard from the NetBackup Backup, Archive, and Restore interface.
See
“Creating RMAN templates using the NetBackup for Oracle RMAN template generation wizard”
on page 96.
The NetBackup for Oracle backup wizard does not support all of the RMAN commands and options that Oracle provides. Write a shell script if a template does not provide all the functionality you require.
Shell scripts that the user writes must conform to RMAN and operating system shell syntax. Sample backup and recovery shell scripts are installed on the client with the NetBackup for Oracle agent. Modify these scripts to meet your individual requirements.
See
“About creating RMAN scripts manually”
on page 98.
NetBackup for Oracle also provides a utility, bpdbsbora
, that can generate a shell script from a backup wizard template. A user can then create a template with the wizard and generate a shell script from the template. The user can then run the shell script or modify the shell script further.
See
“Creating an RMAN script from a template”
on page 97.
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About script- or template-based Oracle policies
96
Creating RMAN templates using the NetBackup for Oracle
RMAN template generation wizard
The NetBackup for Oracle backup wizard stores information about desired RMAN backup operations. The wizard uses the information to create a template that you can run immediately or you can save in a NetBackup location on the master server for later use.
For more information on backup strategies and RMAN functionality, see your Oracle documentation.
If Oracle is installed on a Windows system, the Backup, Archive, and Restore interface on the client displays an Oracle node in the left pane. From the client, expand the Oracle node in the left pane to view an Oracle instance hierarchy. Select a node in the left pane to view details in the right pane.
If your current logon does not have Oracle SYSDBA privileges, the system prompts you to enter your Oracle database logon user name and password with SYSDBA privileges to continue. Optionally, also enter your Net service name (TNS alias).
To create RMAN templates using the NetBackup for Oracle RMAN template generation wizard
1 Log on to NetBackup for Oracle client and start the NetBackup Backup, Archive, and Restore interface.
See
“Starting the NetBackup Backup, Archive, and Restore interface”
on page 94.
2 In the Backup, Archive, and Restore interface, expand an Oracle instance and select the database object(s) (data files, tablespaces, archived redo logs) to back up.
When you select the Oracle instance, you back up the whole database using
RMAN.
3 Choose Actions > Backup.
The NetBackup for Oracle RMAN template generation wizard displays the following screens for you to enter information about the backup operation you want to perform:
■
Welcome (UNIX only)
■
Target Database Logon Credentials
■
■
■
Recovery Catalog Logon Credentials
Archived redo logs
Configuration Options
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97
■
■
Backup Options
Database State
■
■
NetBackup for Oracle Configuration Variables
Backup Limits
If you need an explanation of any of the fields on the wizard screens or more details, click Help on the wizard screen.
4
After you complete the wizard, the Template Summary screen displays the summary of the backup template:
You can run the template immediately after the wizard finishes, save the template to the master server, or both. For explanations of your choices, click
Help.
To save, to run, or to save and run the template, click Finish.
Creating an RMAN script from a template
You can use the bpdbsbora command to create a script from a backup template.
This command generates RMAN shell scripts from the templates that the backup wizard creates.
At the command prompt, type this command in the following format: bpdbsbora -backup -g script_file -t templ_name -S server_name
Where:
-backup
-g script_file
-t templ_name
-S server_name
Specifies the template type.
Specifies the name of the file to which you want bpdbsbora to write the script. Enclose script_file in quotation marks if it contains blanks. This option cannot be used with the -r (run) option.
Specifies the name of the template that you want to use as the basis for the script. Make sure that the template exists .
bpdbsbora retrieves backup templates from a known location on the master server, so specify only the template file name.
Specifies the master server upon which the template resides.
When you specify the bpdbsbora command, it retrieves backup templates from the specified master server.
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About script- or template-based Oracle policies
98
About creating RMAN scripts manually
You can create RMAN scripts manually instead of using the template generation wizard or using a template. When you create a script, you need to specify the type of backup and assign a name to the output file. Keep in mind the following considerations:
Backup type
File names
RMAN supports the following different types of backups:
■
■
■
■
Full backup
Level 0 Backup (Level 0 Incremental)
Level n Backup (Differential incremental backup)
Level n Backup (Cumulative incremental backup)
When generating a data file backup set, you can make either an incremental backup or a full backup. An incremental backup is a backup of one or more data files that contain only those blocks that have been modified since a previous backup. A full backup is a non-incremental backup of one or more data files that contain all blocks of the data files.
Observe the following with regard to file names:
■
■
Each output file must have a unique name. Use the %U format specifier to satisfy this restriction. %U is equivalent to %u_%p_%c, and it guarantees the uniqueness of the backup set name in all circumstances.
Put %t at the end of the backup file name format. NetBackup uses the timestamp as part of its search criteria for catalog images.
Without this timestamp, performance might degrade as the
NetBackup catalog grows.
About the NetBackup for Oracle sample scripts
When you install NetBackup for Oracle, the installation writes example scripts to the following directory:
Windows: install_path\NetBackup\dbext\Oracle\samples\rman
UNIX: install_path/netbackup/ext/db_ext/oracle/samples/rman
The Oracle example scripts are as follows:
Windows: pit_database_restore.cmd
hot_tablespace_backup.cmd
hot_database_backup.cmd
database_restore.cmd
Oracle policy configuration
About script- or template-based Oracle policies
99 cold_duplex_database_backup_full.cmd
cold_database_backup.cmd
UNIX: pit_database_restore.sh
hot_tablespace_backup.sh
hot_database_backup.sh
database_restore.sh
cold_duplex_database_backup_full.sh
cold_database_backup.sh
explains some of the sample scripts that are provided with NetBackup for Oracle.
Table 4-13
NetBackup for Oracle sample scripts
Script Purpose
UNIX: cold_database_backup.sh
Windows: cold_database_backup.cmd
This script sets the environment and calls RMAN with the appropriate commands to perform a whole database backup. It is used for both full backups and incremental backups. When a schedule runs,
NetBackup sets the environment variables that the script uses to perform a backup.
UNIX: hot_database_backup.sh
Windows: hot_database_backup.cmd
This script sets up the environment and calls
RMAN with the appropriate commands to perform a whole database backup. It is used for both full backups and incremental backups. When a schedule runs, NetBackup sets the environment variables that the script uses to perform the backup. With the proper schedules, you can use this script to run a backup every week on Friday night and an incremental backup each night for the rest of the week automatically.
UNIX: cold_duplex_database_backup_full.sh
This script sets up the environment and calls
RMAN to run the commands that make two copies of a cold (consistent) database backup.
Windows: cold_duplex_database_backup_full.cmd
Using the NetBackup for Oracle sample scripts
The following procedure describes how to use the sample scripts to manually create your own script.
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About script- or template-based Oracle policies
100
To use sample scripts provided by NetBackup for Oracle
1
Copy the example scripts to a different directory on your client. Oracle scripts can be located anywhere on the client.
2 Modify each script for your environment.
3
On UNIX, make sure the su command logs into the correct user.
If you do not include an su - user
(user is Oracle administrator account) in your Oracle scripts, they do not run with the proper permissions and environment variables. Problems with your database backups and restores can arise.
About the set duplex command
RMAN provides an API that lets you make up to four backup sets simultaneously, each an exact duplicate of the others. Using NetBackup, for example, you can back up each copy to a different tape to protect against disaster, media damage, or human error. Use the set duplex and the send commands to take advantage of this feature.
The set duplex command specifies the number of copies of each backup piece to create. The set duplex command affects all channels that are allocated after you issue the command. It remains in effect until explicitly disabled or changed during the session. You cannot issue the set duplex command after allocating a channel.
The command syntax is: set duplex = {ON | OFF | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4}
By default, duplex is
OFF
(a single backup set is produced). If you specify
ON
, it produces two identical backup sets.
Note that you must enable the
BACKUP_TAPE_IO_SLAVES initialization parameter to perform duplexed backups. RMAN configures all media as needed for the number of backup copies you request. For more information on
BACKUP_TAPE_IO_SLAVES
, see your Oracle documentation.
Use the send command to specify the policy and schedule to use with each backup.
Because NetBackup uses the policy or schedule to determine what media to use, this information is required for each copy, or an error occurs.
The command syntax is as follows: send 'keyword=value [, keyword=value,...]';
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About script- or template-based Oracle policies
101
The keywords that are used to specify a policy are
CPF1_POLICY
,
CPF2_POLICY
,
CPF3_POLICY
, and
CPF4_POLICY
, which specify the backup policy for duplexed file
1 through duplexed file 4.
The keywords that are used to specify a schedule are
CPF1_SCHED
,
CPF2_SCHED
,
CPF3_SCHED
, and
CPF4_SCHED
, which specify the Application Backup schedule for duplexed file 1 through duplexed file 4.
About storing templates
The NetBackup for Oracle backup saves a template to a NetBackup-specific location on the current NetBackup master server. A backup template is retrieved from the master server as part of a backup (server-directed, scheduled, or user-directed) and is run on the client. Backup templates are associated with a policy by specifying its name in the policy backup selections list. Because backup templates are stored on the server in a known location, server-directed and scheduled backups use the same copy of the template for each client in the policy client list.
Before you run a template on a NetBackup for Oracle client, NetBackup verifies the validity of the template for that client. The verification is done by checking the
Oracle installation information that is stored in that template. Only valid templates are run on each client.
The NetBackup for Oracle recovery saves a template to a user-specified location on the client. The location that is specified should include a fully qualified path to a directory where the user has write access.
Templates store encrypted the passwords that are decrypted at run-time.
About storing shell scripts
Shell scripts must reside on the NetBackup client. Backup shell scripts are associated with a policy by specifying the file name (including path) in the policy backup selections list. For server-directed or scheduled backups, each client in the policy's client list must have a copy of the script with the same name in the same location.
See
“About adding backup selections to an Oracle policy”
on page 84.
The backup and the recovery process sometimes require passwords for Oracle database access or system user accounts. Because a shell interprets the shell scripts, store the passwords in clear text.
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Configuring the logon account for the NetBackup Client Service for NetBackup for Oracle
102
Configuring the logon account for the NetBackup
Client Service for NetBackup for Oracle
This topic applies to those that are running NetBackup for Oracle on a Windows platform.
Because the NetBackup Client Service is started by default under the
SYSTEM account, you must also give special attention to database user authentication. The
SYSTEM account does not have permission to connect to the target database if you use OS authentication instead of passwords.
If you use OS authentication, run the NetBackup client service under an account that has SYSDBA privileges.
For more information on OS authentication, see your Oracle documentation.
Note: In a cluster environment, perform the steps on each database node in the cluster. For an off-host backup, perform the steps on the alternate client.
To configure the logon account for the NetBackup Client Service for NetBackup for
Oracle
1 Open the Windows Services application.
2 Double-click the NetBackup Client Service entry.
3 Click the Log On tab.
4 Type the account name with SYSDBA privileges.
5 Type the password.
6 Click OK.
7 Stop and start the NetBackup Client Service.
8 Close the Services control panel application.
Testing configuration settings for NetBackup for
Oracle
After you configure the servers and clients in your environment, test the configuration settings. Perform a manual backup (or backups) with the automatic backup schedules you created. A description of status codes and other troubleshooting information is available.
See the NetBackup Status Codes Reference Guide .
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103
See the NetBackup Troubleshooting Guide .
Note:
A manual backup creates a real backup. Exchange logs are truncated, if appropriate.
To test the configuration settings
1 Log onto the master server as administrator (Windows) or root (UNIX).
2 Start the NetBackup Administration Console.
3 In the left pane, click Policies.
4 Click the policy you want to test.
5 Select Actions > Manual Backup.
6 The Schedules pane contains the name of possible schedule or schedules that are configured for the policy that you want to test.
For an Oracle Intelligent Policy, an Instances pane contains a list of instances that are configured for the policy. Select one or more of the instances to start the backup.
For a script- or template-based policy, the Clients pane contains the name of the client or clients that are listed in the policy. Select one or more of the clients to start the backup.
7 Follow the directions in the Manual Backup dialog box. Then click OK.
8 To check the status of the backup, click Activity Monitor in the NetBackup
Administration Console.
The Activity Monitor and the script output indicate the status of the backup operation.
Chapter
5
Performing backups and restores of Oracle
This chapter includes the following topics:
■
Overview of using NetBackup for Oracle
■
Maintaining the RMAN repository
■
■
About NetBackup for Oracle backups
■
Browsing backups using the bplist command
■
Managing expired backup images
■
About NetBackup for Oracle restores
■
Using NetBackup for Oracle in a Microsoft Windows cluster environment
Overview of using NetBackup for Oracle
The NetBackup graphical user interfaces and command line interfaces let you perform Oracle backup and recovery operations using Oracle RMAN utilities. You can also use the Oracle Enterprise Manager to perform Oracle backup and recovery operations. The Oracle RMAN command line interface is also used to maintain and query the RMAN repository.
Maintaining the RMAN repository
The RMAN repository is the collection of metadata about your target databases that RMAN uses to conduct its backup, recovery, and maintenance operations. You
Performing backups and restores of Oracle
Maintaining the RMAN repository
105 can either create a recovery catalog in which to store this information or let RMAN store it exclusively in the target database control file. Although RMAN conducts all major backup and recovery operations using only the control file, some RMAN commands function only when you use a recovery catalog.
shows the tasks that are required to maintain the RMAN repository and a subset of the repository maintenance commands that perform the tasks. Some of these commands might not be available with all versions of RMAN.
Table 5-1
Tasks and commands
Task Commands that perform the task
Register a database with the recovery catalog
Before using RMAN with a recovery catalog, register the target database in the recovery catalog. To register, start and mount the target database but do not open it. At the RMAN prompt, issue a register database command.
Reset the incarnation in the recovery catalog
The reset database command directs RMAN to create a new database incarnation record in the recovery catalog.
Performing backups and restores of Oracle
Maintaining the RMAN repository
106
Table 5-1
Tasks and commands (continued)
Task Commands that perform the task
Crosscheck the information in the RMAN repository
Because NetBackup can mark backup images as expired, the RMAN repository can contain outdated information. Run an RMAN crosscheck to ensure that data in the recovery catalog or control file is in sync with data in the backup image catalog. The RMAN crosscheck determines whether a backup set is available or expired. It also deletes expired backup sets, calls the Media Manager about the status of a backup piece, then marks it as available or expired.
Use one of the following commands to check the specified files. You need to run separate commands to delete images or repository records.
■
The change...crosscheck command queries Media Manager to determine if a backup piece is available. If not, RMAN marks the backup piece as expired. If it was expired but is now available, RMAN marks the backup piece as available. The command syntax is as follows: change backuppiece {primary_keylist |
filename_list | tag} crosscheck; change backupset
{primary_keylist} crosscheck;
■
The crosscheck backupset command operates on available and expired backup pieces. RMAN updates their status with the result (available or expired).
To crosscheck a database, start RMAN and connect to the target database and to the recovery catalog (if used). At the rman command prompt, enter the following: allocate channel for maintenance type 'SBT_TAPE'; crosscheck backupset of database;
The length of time that RMAN crosschecks when the maintenance channel is connected to NetBackup depends on several factors:
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
Number of RMAN backup pieces being crosschecked or that are past their NetBackup retention period when NetBackup expires them, not RMAN.
Format of the RMAN backup piece name and if the Symantec recommended _%t appears at the end of the format statement.
Number of Oracle clients.
Number of NetBackup policies of any kind.
Length of time NetBackup retains backups and the number of backup images for the client in the NetBackup catalog.
Scheduling time and the length of time between RMAN catalog maintenance operations.
Speed and accuracy of host name resolution available to the NetBackup master server.
Number and complexity of the operations that the NetBackup master server performs during a catalog request.
Normal performance.
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Table 5-1
Tasks and commands (continued)
Task Commands that perform the task
Delete obsolete backups The DELETE OBSOLETE command deletes the backups that no longer need to satisfy specified recoverability requirements. You can delete obsolete files according to the configured default retention policy, or another retention policy that a DELETE OBSOLETE option specifies. As with other forms of the DELETE command, the deleted files are removed from the backup media. Then they are deleted from the recovery catalog, and marked as
DELETED in the control file.
If you specify the DELETE OBSOLETE command with no arguments, then RMAN deletes all the obsolete backups that the currently configured retention policy defines. For example:
Allocate channel for maintenance type 'SBT_TYPE';
DELETE OBSOLETE;
You can also use the REDUNDANCY or RECOVERY WINDOW clauses with DELETE to delete the backups that are obsolete under a specific retention policy instead of the configured default:
DELETE OBSOLETE REDUNDANCY = 3;
DELETE OBSOLETE RECOVERY WINDOW OR 7 DAYS;
Delete expired backups The delete expired backupset command operates only on the expired backup pieces that are found in the recovery catalog. RMAN removes them from the recovery catalog.
To delete expired backup sets of a database from the recovery catalog, start RMAN and connect to the target and the recovery catalog databases. At the RMAN command prompt, type the following commands: allocate channel for maintenance type
'SBT_TAPE'; delete expired backupset of database;
The crosscheck and delete backupset commands restrict the list of objects operated on to the specified Oracle device type (disk or SBT tape), object type (archived logs or database files), and date range.
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Table 5-1
Tasks and commands (continued)
Task Commands that perform the task
Resynchronize the recovery catalog
RMAN compares the recovery catalog to either the current control file of the target database or a backup control file. It subsequently updates the catalog with the missing information or changed information.
If you are running in ARCHIVELOG mode, do the following: Resynchronize the recovery catalog regularly because the recovery catalog is not updated automatically when a log switch occurs or when a redo log is archived.
You must also resynchronize the recovery catalog after making any change to the physical structure of the target database. As with log archive operations, the recovery catalog is not automatically updated when a physical schema change is made.
The RMAN backup, copy, restore, and switch commands update the recovery catalog automatically when the target database control file is available. The recovery catalog database is available when one of these commands is executed.
If the recovery catalog is unavailable when you issue backup or copy commands, you should resynchronize it manually.
To resynchronize the recovery catalog, start RMAN and issue the resync catalog command.
Change the availability of a backup set or file copy
Periodically, you might need to notify RMAN that the status of a backup set, backup piece, data file copy, or archived redo log has changed. The RMAN change command enables you to make a variety of useful record changes.
The change ... uncatalog command removes references to a backup piece, data file copy, or archive log from the recovery catalog. This command works only with a recovery catalog.
The change ... delete command removes references to a backup piece, data file copy, or archive log from the control file and recovery catalog. It physically deletes the file.
This command works with or without a recovery catalog.
The change ... crosscheck command removes references to a backup piece, data file copy, or archive log from the control file and recovery catalog when that file no longer exists. This command works with or without a recovery catalog.
The change ... unavailable command marks a backup piece, data file copy, or archive log as unavailable. This command works only with a recovery catalog.
Validate the restore of backups
A restore validation executes a restore test run without restoring the files. Test the restore of the entire database or individual tablespaces, data files, or control files.
Use restore ... validate when you want RMAN to choose the backups to test.
Use validate backupset when you want to specify the backup sets to test.
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Querying the RMAN repository
RMAN lets you generate a number of reports relevant for backup and recovery using the report and list commands. The list command lists the contents of the recovery catalog or control file, and the report command performs a more detailed analysis.
Use the report and list commands to determine what you have backed up and what you need to back up. The information is available whether or not you use a recovery catalog.
You can use the report command to answer many different questions.
Some examples are as follows:
■
■
Which files need a backup?
Which files have not had been backed up in awhile?
■
■
■
■
■
Which files are not recoverable due to unrecoverable operations?
Which backup files can be deleted?
■
What was the physical schema of the database at some previous point in time?
The list command queries the recovery catalog and control file and produces a listing of its contents. The primary purpose of the list command is to determine the backups that are available.
You can list the following information:
Backup sets containing a backup of a specified list of data files.
Backup sets containing a backup of any data file that is a member of a specified list of tablespaces.
All backup sets or copies of all data files in the database.
■
■
Backup sets containing a backup of any archive logs with a specified name or within a specified range.
Incarnations of a specified database or of all databases that are known to the recovery catalog.
For more information on querying the RMAN repository, see your Oracle documentation.
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About NetBackup for Oracle backups
You can perform different types of backups using NetBackup. Backups can be run automatically by using the schedules that you determine, or you can run a backup manually. The following table describes these methods of running a backup.
Automatic backups
Manual backups
When the NetBackup scheduler invokes a schedule for an automatic backup, the NetBackup for Oracle backup templates or shell scripts run as follows:
■
■
In the same order as they appear in the file list
On all clients in the client list
The NetBackup for Oracle backup templates or shell scripts start the database backup by running the rman command.
When the backup is started through NetBackup, RMAN performs error checking. The rman command generates an error if it considers a command invalid, but it allows any of the commands it typically considers valid to proceed. When you specify the wrong script file name, you can start an unintended operation.
You can use the NetBackup server software to manually run an automatic backup schedule for the Oracle policy. For more information, see the NetBackup Administrator’s Guide, Volume I .
See
“Testing configuration settings for NetBackup for Oracle”
on page 102.
Running NetBackup for Oracle templates
The Oracle template administration interface is available in the NetBackup Backup,
Archive, and Restore interface.
Use this dialog to run, edit, delete, rename, and view existing backup templates.
These are the templates created by the NetBackup for Oracle RMAN template generation wizard and stored in a predetermined location on the master server.
See
“Creating RMAN templates using the NetBackup for Oracle RMAN template generation wizard”
on page 96.
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To use Oracle template administration
1
In the Backup, Archive, and Restore interface, choose Actions > Administer
Database Templates > Oracle.
The Select Template list shows the names and descriptions of the RMAN backup templates that are stored on the current master server.
2
Select the name of the backup template you want to run.
3 Click Run.
You can use the View Status tool to see the status of the backup. Click Actions
> View Status.
The Oracle template administration window provides the following functions:
Run
Edit
Delete
Rename
View
Runs the selected template.
Changes the contents of an existing template. The selected backup template is loaded into the NetBackup for Oracle RMAN template generation wizard.
Removes the selected template.
On UNIX, you must be the root user or the template creator to delete a template.
On Windows, you must be a system administrator or the template creator to delete a template.
Changes the name of the selected template.
On UNIX, you must be the root user or the template creator to rename a template.
On Windows, you must be a system administrator or the template creator to rename a template.
Displays a summary of the selected template.
Using bpdbsbora to run a backup template
The bpdbsbora command lets you run a backup template that the NetBackup for
Oracle RMAN template generation wizard creates.
At the command prompt, type this command using the following options: bpdbsbora -backup -r -t templ_name [-S srvr_name] [-L prog_file] where:
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112
-backup
-r
-t templ_name
-S server_name
-L prog_file
Specifies the template type.
Runs the template.
Specifies the name of the template that you want to use.
bpdbsbora retrieves backup templates from a known location on the master server, so specify only the template file name.
Optional. Specifies the master server upon which the templates reside. When it is specified, the bpdbsbora command retrieves backup templates from the specified master server.
Optional. Specifies a run-time progress log. Enclose prog_file in quotation marks (" ") if it contains space characters.
For example: bpdbsbora -backup -r -t ORCLMonfull.tpl -S my_mast -L my_prog_log
Running the NetBackup for Oracle shell script
When you run a NetBackup for Oracle shell script on a client to initiate a backup from the command prompt, specify the full path name to the file that contains the script. For example:
UNIX: /oracle/scripts/db_full_backup.sh
Windows: N:\oracle\scripts\db_full_backup.cmd
The shell starts the database backup by running the Oracle shell script. The Oracle shell script contains commands to run rman
.
The NetBackup installation script installs sample scripts in the following location:
UNIX: /usr/openv/netbackup/ext/db_ext/oracle/samples/rman
Windows: install_path\NetBackup\dbext\oracle\samples\rman
Running RMAN
As an Oracle user, you can run the rman command from the command prompt with the RMAN command file as a parameter. This topic describes how to set the master server to hag and the Oracle policy to obk before you start the backup.
On UNIX, type the following at the command prompt:
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# rman target ‘internal/oracle@ORCL’ rcvcat ‘rman/rman@RCAT’
# send "‘NB_ORA_POLICY=obk,NB_ORA_SERV=hag’" cmdfile \
'/oracle/scripts/db_full_backup.rcv"
If you intend to connect to a database using a TNS alias, the RMAN send command specifies the environment variables. The example sets the master server to hag and the Oracle policy to obk before you start the backup.
See
“About the bp.conf file on UNIX systems”
on page 93.
On Windows, RMAN functionality runs as a service, so use the send operand to set up the run-time environment. To start a backup using the rman command from the command prompt, type the following:
# send "‘NB_ORA_POLICY=obk,NB_ORA_SERV=hag’" cmdfile
"N:\oracle\scripts\db_full_backup.rcv"
\
Note: To run script files for database operations other than backups or restores,
Symantec recommends that you run the rman command directly rather than using
NetBackup.
For rman command script syntax and examples, see your Oracle documentation.
Browsing backups using the bplist command
You can use the bplist command to browse Oracle backups. The command returns a list of backup file names.
Before using this command, log onto the master server or the client:
■
On Windows, log on as administrator to the master server and to the client with the appropriate altnames entry.
■
On UNIX, log on as root to the master server and to the client with the appropriate
altnames entry.
The following example uses the command to search all Oracle backups for a client named jupiter
:
# bplist -C jupiter -t 4 -R /
/exb_n2bm5bco_1_1392342936
/exb_mabm02ko_1_1392170136
/exb_lqbltds6_1_1392083334
The
-t 4 on this command specifies the Oracle backups. The
-R specifies the default number (999) of directory levels to search.
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For more information on the bplist command, see the NetBackup Commands
Reference Guide .
You can also use the RMAN report and list commands to browse Oracle backups.
See
“Querying the RMAN repository”
on page 109.
Managing expired backup images
NetBackup and Oracle each maintain a repository of RMAN-initiated backup image information. Automatic expiration of backup images from both repositories is not supported. To manage expired backup images, use the Retention setting in Oracle or in the NetBackup Application Backup schedule to expire the Oracle backup images and then synchronize the NetBackup and Oracle repositories.
To manage expired backup images from the NetBackup repository, access the
Retention setting of the Application backup schedule. Specify the length of time before NetBackup expires a backup image. The retention setting has a slightly different meaning for an Application Backup schedule versus an automatic backup schedule.
See
“About NetBackup for Oracle schedule properties”
on page 80.
You can also manage the expired backup images from the Oracle repository. This method sets the backup retention as an RMAN attribute, rather than a NetBackup attribute. RMAN deletes the obsolete but not the unexpired backups from NetBackup.
The following items are also part of this process:
■
■
■
■
■
■
Set the NetBackup backup retention for Oracle backups to be either infinite or significantly longer than the RMAN retention.
Set the RMAN retention to the number or duration to keep the backup sets in the RMAN catalog. If no RMAN catalog exists, then use SQL to set an appropriate value for "control_file_record_keep_time". The minimum appropriate time is the catalog backup retention time plus the maximum time between catalog maintenance operations.
On a regular basis, run the RMAN delete obsolete command to expire obsolete images from the RMAN catalog, the control file, and from NetBackup.
If a cross-check of the catalog is required, perform the cross-check after RAMN deletes the obsolete backups.
Stagger the initiation of RMAN catalog maintenance functions to limit the number of concurrent checks or deletion requests that RMAN makes of the NetBackup master server.
Perform the RMAN catalog maintenance functions on a more frequent basis to limit the number of NetBackup catalog requests in a single session.
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■
Ensure that the format that is specified for all RMAN backup piece names (except for autobackups of the control file) ends with
_%t
.
■
Avoid the creation of multiple, small backup pieces of database files or archive logs.
You can manually remove references to backup images from the Oracle RMAN repository. Use RMAN repository maintenance commands to remove references to backup files. You can use these commands to delete backup image information from both the Oracle RMAN repository and the NetBackup repository.
More information is available on the RMAN repository maintenance commands.
See
“Maintaining the RMAN repository”
on page 104.
When a request is issued to delete a backup file from the RMAN repository, RMAN sends the request to NetBackup to delete the corresponding image from the
NetBackup repository, regardless of the retention level.
About NetBackup for Oracle restores
Make sure that a backup has completed successfully before you attempt a restore.
An error occurs if a backup history does not exist.
NetBackup for Oracle includes a recovery wizard that solicits information from the user about the desired RMAN restore and recovery operations. The wizard uses the information to create a template.
The recovery wizard saves a recovery template locally in a user-specified location on the NetBackup client. Recovery templates are not stored on the master server because recovery is always user directed, not scheduled. Typically, you run the recovery template immediately and then delete it.
The recovery process sometimes requires passwords for Oracle database access and system user accounts. Templates store the encrypted passwords that are decrypted at run-time.
Because recovery can be a complex process, it might be necessary to perform manual steps as part of the operation. For more information, see your Oracle documentation.
The restore browser is used to display database objects. A hierarchical display is provided where objects can be selected for recovery. The top database node expands to show all of the installed databases.
On UNIX, the oratab file is read to get the names and location of each database.
On Windows, Oracle services are searched for in the Registry to get the names and location of each database.
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The objects (tablespaces and data files) that make up an Oracle database are displayed by expanding an individual database node. This information is gathered from various database tables and views. Since you must be connected to the database before you can access its tables or views, logon criteria must be provided.
When a user selects or expands a database node the wizard first tries to logon to the database using OS authentication. If the authentication fails the user is solicited for a user name and password. Optionally, the user is prompted for the Net Service
Name if the connection is through SQL-Net, which is then used to log on to the database. This user must have a sysdba privilege since the logon credentials that are also used to perform the RMAN restore. The logon fails if the database is not in a mount state or an open state.
On UNIX, the GUI uses the bpubsora utility to access and query the database. If a problem occurs when NetBackup attempts to connect or browse a database, run this utility from the command line to debug the issue.
On Windows, NetBackup uses an API to browse the database. Logging is recorded in the nbwin folder.
The recovery wizard has several limitations:
■
■
■
The database is displayed only in its current state. If objects have been deleted from the database since the last backup, these objects do not appear among the objects you can select for restore. To restore the objects that have been deleted, you need to restore the entire database point in time before the objects were deleted.
Data is restored to the original location. The wizard does not provide a way for the user to specify alternate file names.
The wizard does not restore control files.
Starting the recovery wizard
This topic describes how to start the recovery wizard.
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To start the recovery wizard
1
Start the Backup, Archive, and Restore interface.
On UNIX, run the following command from the command line:
/usr/openv/netbackup/bin/jbpSA &
On Windows, from the Windows Start menu, choose All Programs > Symantec
NetBackup > Backup, Archive, and Restore.
2
(Conditional) Change the policy type.
Perform this step if the Oracle node is not visible.
From the File menu (Windows) or Actions menu (UNIX), choose Specify
NetBackup Machines and Policy Type.
3 On UNIX, click the Restore Files tab.
4
On Windows, click Select for Restore.
5 Expand the Oracle node in the left pane to view an Oracle instance hierarchy.
6
Select a node in the left pane to view details in the right pane.
Using the recovery wizard
When you are ready to perform a recovery, follow these steps to create and run a template with the recovery wizard.
To use the recovery wizard
1
Open the Backup, Archive, and Restore interface.
2 Select the Restore operation:
■
■
On Windows, click Select for Restore
On UNIX, click on the Restore Files tab. In the Restore Type list, select
Normal Backups.
3 In the left pane, select the Oracle instance.
4 In the right pane, select the database object(s) (data files, tablespaces) you want to recover.
If you select the Oracle instance, the wizard recovers the entire database using
RMAN.
5 Click Actions > Restore.
Enter information about the recovery operation you want to perform in the screens that the NetBackup for Oracle recovery wizard displays.
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The screens are as follows:
■
Welcome
■
■
■
Target Database Logon Credentials
Recovery Catalog Logon Credentials
Recovery Options
■
■
■
Restore Options
Recover Limits
Database State
If you need an explanation of any of the fields on the wizard screens, click Help on the wizard screen.
6 When you have completed the wizard, the Selection Summary screen displays the summary of the recovery template. Review this summary. You can choose to run the template immediately after the wizard finishes or save the template locally, or both.
If you need an explanation of any of the fields on the wizard panels, click Help on the wizard panel.
7 Click Finish to run, to save, or to run and save the recovery template.
Using bpdbsbora to run a recovery template
The bpdbsbora command lets you run a recovery template that the NetBackup
Recovery Wizard creates.
At the command prompt, type this command and the following options: bpdbsbora -restore -r -t templ_name [-L progress_file] where:
-restore
-r
-t templ_name
Specifies the template type.
Runs the template.
Specifies the full-path name of the template you want to use.
Unlike backup templates, restore templates do not reside in a predetermined location on the master server. They are considered to be temporary in nature and should reside on the client. If the full path is not specified as part of the restore template name, the file might not be found.
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-L progress_file
Optional. Specifies a run-time process log. Enclose progress_file in quotation marks (" ") if it contains space characters.
For example:
For UNIX: bpdbsbora -restore -r -t /oracle/restore_templs/ORCL_MON_Full.tpl
For Windows: bpdbsbora -restore -r -t H:\oracle\restore_templs\ORCL_MON_Full.tpl
About a NetBackup for Oracle recovery shell script on the client
You can initiate a database recovery from the command prompt by typing the full path to the shell script that performs an Oracle recovery. For example:
UNIX: /oracle/scripts/database_restore.sh
Windows: H:\oracle\scripts\database_restore.cmd
The operating system shell starts the database restore by running the Oracle shell script file. The Oracle shell script file contains commands to run RMAN.
The NetBackup installation script writes sample scripts to the following location:
UNIX: /usr/openv/netbackup/ext/db_ext/oracle/samples/rman
Windows: install_path\Netbackup\dbext\oracle\samples\rman\
Running RMAN on the client
You can run the rman command from a command prompt on the client. Use the appropriate RMAN command file as a parameter.
On UNIX, the following example assumes that you are logged on as an Oracle administrator.
To run the RMAN command on the client:
◆
At the command prompt, type the following:
UNIX: rman target ‘internal/oracle@ORCL’ rcvcat ‘rman/rman@RCAT’ cmdfile ‘/oracle/scripts/database_restore.rcv’
Windows: rman target ‘internal/oracle@ORCL’ rcvcat ‘rman\rman@RCAT’ cmdfile ‘H:\oracle\scripts\database_restore.rcv’
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Redirecting a restore to a different client
With NetBackup for Oracle you have the option to restore a database to a client other than the one that originally performed the backup. The process of restoring data to another client is called a redirected restore.
shows a redirected restore.
Figure 5-1
Redirected restore
1. Client A agents are backed up.
3. The server restores client A backup image to client B.
Server
2. Client B requests restore of client A image to client B.
The user on client A cannot initiate a redirected restore to client B. Only the user on client B, which is the client receiving the backup image, can initiate the redirected restore. Any user who belongs to the database group that performed the backup can restore it, unless the BKUP_IMAGE_PERM variable is set to USER.
Configuring the NetBackup server for redirected restores
To perform redirected restores, configure the NetBackup server to allow this type of restore.
For more information about redirected restore operations, see the NetBackup
Administrator’s Guide, Volume I .
To remove restrictions for all clients, create the following file on the NetBackup master server:
UNIX: /usr/openv/netbackup/db/altnames/No.Restrictions
Windows: install_path\NetBackup\db\altnames\No.Restrictions
To allow clients to restore only from specific clients, create the following file on the
NetBackup master server:
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UNIX: /usr/openv/netbackup/db/altnames/client_name
Windows: install_path\NetBackup\db\altnames\client_name
Where client_name is the name of the client that is allowed to perform the redirected restore (the destination client). To the file, add the name of the NetBackup for Oracle source client.
About performing a redirected restore with RMAN
Perform the following procedure on the destination client host if you want to restore any RMAN backups that another client owns.
The user on client A cannot initiate a redirected restore to client B. Only the user on client B, which is the client receiving the backup image, can initiate the redirected restore. Any user who belongs to the database group that performed the backup can restore it, unless the BKUP_IMAGE_PERM variable is set to USER.
Note:
If the RMAN catalog database has been lost, restore the catalog database first before continuing with the redirected restore.
To perform a redirected restore
1 Enable a network connection to the RMAN catalog database that the source client used.
2 Do one of the following:
■
■
On UNIX, set the
NB_ORA_CLIENT environment variable to the source client.
On Windows, use the rman parms option to set the
NB_ORA_CLIENT environment variable to the source client.
3 On UNIX, check the bp.conf
files on the source client. Make sure that the
CLIENT_NAME variable either is not set or is set to the host name of the source client.
4 Make the init.ora
file of the source client available to the destination client.
Copy the file to the destination client or modify the file on the destination client.
Change all location-specific parameters.
5
On Windows, create and start an Oracle service for the previously set
ORACLE_SID
. Create the folder to which you want to restore the data files.
6 On UNIX, grant write permission to the directory to which you want to restore the data files.
7
Set up a password file for the destination client database.
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8 Start the database in the nomount state.
9
Start RMAN, connecting to the catalog. On Windows, also connect to the target database.
10 On UNIX, set dbid to be the DBID of the source client database. Connect to the target database without using a user ID and password.
11
Run an RMAN restore script. On UNIX, you can alternatively type the RMAN commands for the restore.
■
Example - Performing a redirected restore of Oracle
For example, assume the following:
Source client is camel
■
■
■
Destination client is giraffe
Master server is lion
ORACLE_SID is test
■
■
The user is connected to the Oracle database using a local connection, not
SQL*Net
UNIX user is ora on both camel and giraffe
To perform a redirected restore (example)
1 Create the following file on server lion
:
UNIX:
/usr/openv/netbackup/db/altnames/giraffe
Windows:
install_path\NetBackup\db\altnames\giraffe
Edit giraffe to contain the name camel
:
2 Do one of the following:
■
■
UNIX: Log onto giraffe as ora
. Set
SERVER=lion in
$ORACLE_HOME
/ bp.conf
. This server must be the first server that is listed in the bp.conf
file.
Windows: Use the BAR GUI to set lion as the master server.
3 Modify the network tnsnames.ora
file to enable the RMAN catalog connection.
4 Create inittest.ora.file
.
5 Windows: Using Oracle administration, create and start
ORACLESERVICETEST
.
6 Set the environment variable
ORACLE_SID to test
. On UNIX, also set
NB_ORA_CLIENT to camel
.
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7 Make sure that the destination database directory exists and has appropriate access permissions.
The data files are restored to the directory path with the same name they had when they were backed up.
8 Start the database in a nomount state.
On UNIX, the following is the output:
SQL> startup nomount pfile=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/inittest.ora
%rman catalog rman/rman@rcat
RMAN> set dbid=<dbid of source database on camel
RMAN> connect target/
RMAN> run {
RMAN>
RMAN>
RMAN>
RMAN> }
ALLOCATE CHANNEL CH00 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';
SEND 'NB_ORA_SERV=lion, NB_ORA_CLIENT=camel'; restore controlfile;
SQL> alter database mount;
%orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwtest password=<oracle>
%rman catalog rman/rman@RCVCAT
RMAN>set dbid=<Saved dbID of Source Target>
RMAN>connect target/
RMAN>run {
RMAN>
RMAN>
RMAN>
RMAN>
RMAN>
ALLOCATE CHANNEL CH00 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL CH01 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';
SEND 'NB_ORA_SERV=lion, NB_ORA_CLIENT=camel'; restore database; restore archivelog all;
RMAN> }
SQL>recover database until cancel using backup controlfile;
Now apply the archived logs. Type cancel when you decide to stop recovery.
Using NetBackup for Oracle in a Microsoft Windows cluster environment
To use NetBackup for Oracle in a Microsoft cluster environment, the following must be installed in the cluster nodes:
■
NetBackup client or server (7.6)
Performing backups and restores of Oracle
Using NetBackup for Oracle in a Microsoft Windows cluster environment
124
■
■
NetBackup for Oracle on Windows (7.6)
Oracle Database version 8i Release 8.1.7 or greater
■
Oracle Failsafe 3.11 for Oracle version 8i Release 8.1.7 or greater
NetBackup for Oracle users in a Microsoft cluster environment must take some additional steps to prepare for server-directed backups, user-directed backups, and user-directed restores.
About backups of an Oracle clustered database on Windows
The most convenient way to back up your clustered databases is to set up schedules for automatic backups. NetBackup for Oracle comes with sample scripts for clustered
Oracle databases. The NetBackup for Oracle installation process installs the sample scripts in the following location:
install_path\NetBackup\dbext\oracle\samples\rman\
Modify the scripts to give values to the following variables:
■
Oracle SID
■
■
■
Oracle Home
Cluster Name, Domain
Failsafe Home
■
■
■
Failsafe Userid
Failsafe Password
Failsafe Database Resource Name
Virtual Oracle Database Name
■
You can also manually back up an Oracle policy. Refer to the following procedure:
See
“Testing configuration settings for NetBackup for Oracle”
on page 102.
For more information on how to back up or restore Microsoft cluster using
NetBackup, see the NetBackup Administrator’s Guide, Volume I .
Bringing the database instance offline on Windows
Before you can perform a user-directed backup or restore from the client, you must take the database instance offline. You can use the Failsafe graphical user interface or the Failsafe command line (FSCMD).
Performing backups and restores of Oracle
Using NetBackup for Oracle in a Microsoft Windows cluster environment
125
To take the database instance offline with Failsafe graphical user interface
1
Select the Oracle database resource in the Failsafe graphical user interface.
2 Choose to bring it offline.
To take the database instance offline with Failsafe command line (FSCMD)
◆
Type the following command: fscmd offlineresource salesdb /cluster=curly /offline=immediate
/domain=domainname /user=user /pwd=pwd
To bring the resource offline, the preceding command sets offline=immediate
.
Alternately, you can specify one of the following, based on your need, as the argument: abort immediate normal transactional
Shuts down the database instantaneously by aborting the database instance.
Shuts down the database immediately by terminating SQL statements in progress, rolling back uncommitted transactions and disconnecting users.
Shuts down the database and doesn’t allow new connections after the command was issued. This command waits for the connected users to disconnect before the database is shut down.
Shuts down the database only after all of the current transactions have completed.
Because the offlineresource operation shuts down the Oracle database service, enter the following command to start the Oracle database service: net start OracleService
Bringing the database instance online on Windows
After you perform a user-directed backup or restore from the client, you must bring the database instance online. You can use the Failsafe graphical user interface or the Failsafe command line (FSCMD).
To bring the database instance online with Failsafe graphical user interface
1
Select the resource in the Failsafe graphical user interface.
2 Choose to bring it online.
Performing backups and restores of Oracle
Using NetBackup for Oracle in a Microsoft Windows cluster environment
126
To bring the database instance online with Failsafe command line (FSCMD)
◆ If you use the Failsafe command line (FSCMD), type the following command: fscmd online resource salesdb /cluster=curly
/offline=immediate /domain=domainname /user=user /pwd=pwd
User-directed backup or restore from the Windows client
This section explains the process to prepare a Microsoft Cluster environment for a user-directed backup or restore operation.
Note: When performing user-directed backups, make sure that you are on the node that owns the shared drive where the Oracle database is installed.
Note: When user-directed client restores are performed with different configuration options of NetBackup failover media servers and a UNIX or Windows master server, see the NetBackup Administrator’s Guide, Volume I .
To perform a user-directed backup or restore from the client
1
Take the clustered Oracle database instance offline.
See
“Bringing the database instance offline on Windows”
on page 124.
2
Shut down and then startup the database in mount state.
The sequence is necessary to perform administrative tasks like backup and recovery. Use the svrmgrl or sqlplus utility from Oracle. At the command line, type the following:
Shutdown option [normal, abort, immediate] startup mount
3
Perform the backup or recovery.
See
on page 117.
4
Bring the Oracle database online with failsafe after the desired backup or restore is complete. The database is then enabled to fail over between the configured cluster of nodes.
See
“Bringing the database instance online on Windows”
on page 125.
Chapter
6
Guided Recovery
This chapter includes the following topics:
■
About OpsCenter Guided Recovery
■
Setting up for Guided Recovery cloning
■
Guided Recovery cloning pre-operation checks
■
Performing a Guided Recovery cloning operation
■
■
■
Select Control File Backup panel
■
Destination host and login panel
■
■
■
■
■
Guided Recovery post-clone operations
■
Troubleshooting Guided Recovery
About OpsCenter Guided Recovery
The use of the OpsCenter web-based user interface to guide a user through the
Oracle cloning operation offers several benefits:
■
The process is more automated, making the operation easier to perform.
Guided Recovery
Setting up for Guided Recovery cloning
128
■
■
■
OpsCenter retrieves information for you such as databases and control files, shortening the Oracle clone setup time.
A validation process increases the rate of successfully completing the cloning operation.
You do not need access to the original database to perform the cloning operation.
Setting up for Guided Recovery cloning
Oracle uses metadata cataloging, which enables database information to display in OpsCenter. Metadata cataloging must occur during the backup from the Oracle database to be cloned. The collected metadata displays within the OpsCenter interface to guide the Clone operation to enable metadata collection on the client host.
Do the following before you perform a Guided Recovery cloning operation:
■
On UNIX and Linux systems, ensure that the Oracle metadata parameter in the client's bp.conf
is set at backup time as follows:
ORACLE_METADATA=YES
Or, use the SEND command to set the metadata parameter:
SEND ORACLE_METADATA=YES
■
On Windows systems, first place the following text into a text file (for example, new_config.txt
):
ORACLE_METADATA=YES
Then send this newly created configuration file to the client host by using the following bpsetconfig command on the master or the media server:
# bpsetconfig -h myoracleclient new_config.txt
■ bpsetconfig is located in the
install_path\NetBackup\bin\admincmd directory.
Set up all destination file paths before you run the cloning operation, because the operation does not create new file paths during the process. Ensure that the user has write access to these paths.
Guided Recovery cloning pre-operation checks
Check the following items before you begin the cloning process:
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Performing a Guided Recovery cloning operation
129
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
Ensure that the source and the destination systems and the source and the destination databases are compatible. Examples are Solaris 9 to Solaris 10 and
Oracle 11 to Oracle 11.
The cloning operation does not support offline tablespaces or raw tablespaces.
The cloning operation does not support Oracle Automatic Storage Management
(ASM).
To use a different user or a different group for the clone, you must change what the permissions of the backup image are to be at backup time. Add the
'BKUP_IMAGE_PERM=ANY' to the send commands during the backup of the source database.
See
“About the environment variables set by NetBackup for Oracle”
on page 90.
If the destination client is different than the source client, perform an alternate restore procedure.
See
“Redirecting a restore to a different client”
on page 120.
On Windows systems, if the NetBackup client service runs as the Oracle user, then that user needs to be granted the right to "Replace a process level token".
On Oracle 9 for Windows, run the Oracle service under the Oracle user account.
By default, it runs under the local system. On Oracle 10G systems and later, you can run under the local system.
On Windows systems, if you clone to the same system, shut down the source database to successfully complete the operation. Otherwise, an error indicating the database cannot be mounted in exclusive mode appears.
On UNIX and Linux systems, if the cloning user shares an existing Oracle home, the user must have write access to some directories such as DBS.
On UNIX and Linux systems, shut down the source database before you clone in the following situation: You clone to the same system and you either use the same user or use the same home as the source database.
Performing a Guided Recovery cloning operation
You need to log onto OpsCenter, to perform a cloning operation. OpsCenter is the web GUI that you use to perform all guided recovery operations.
To perform a cloning operation on an Oracle database in OpsCenter
1 When you log onto OpsCenter, the first screen that appears is the Monitor
Overview screen. Along the top of the screen, click Manage > Restore.
2 On the What do you want to restore? screen, click Clone Oracle Database.
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Performing a Guided Recovery cloning operation
130
3 On the small Select a Master Server dialog box, use the drop-down menu to select the master server that you want to work with, then click OK.
See
“Select a Master Server dialog”
on page 131.
4 The Select Source Database screen lets you filter the list of databases by database name, host name, database version, platform, and date. The default condition is to display all databases that are backed up in the default date range. Click Show Databases.
More information is available on this screen.
See
“Select Source Database panel”
on page 131.
5
The databases appear under the filtering part of the same screen. Click option at the left side of the desired database entry to select the database on which you want to perform a cloning operation. Then click Next>.
6 The Select Control File Backup screen shows a timeline view of the control file backups. Select the icon for the desired control file backup from the timeline view. You can hover over the icon to display the control file details. If the icon represents multiple backups, you can hover over the icon to display all versions of the backup for that time periods.
Additional information is available to verify that you have selected the correct control file. The lower left corner of the screen lists three links. More information is available about these links.
See
“Select Control File Backup panel”
on page 132.
Click on the icon of the control file backup you want to restore for the clone of the selected database. The default is the latest backup selected. Then click
Next>.
7 The Destination Host and Login screen contains parameters for the destination of the clone to be created. Enter the destination host name in the text box that is provided or click Browse and select from a list of available hosts. Note the following prerequisites concerning the destination host:
■
■
The platform type of the source and destination must be the same.
A NetBackup client must be installed.
■
A compatible version of Oracle must be installed.
See
“Destination host and login panel”
on page 132.
For operating system authentication, enter a user name, password (Windows), and domain (Windows). Then click Next>.
Guided Recovery
Select a Master Server dialog
131
8 The Define Destination Parameters screen appears. The five tabs on this screen are used to change database attributes, the destination paths of control files, data files, redo logs, and restore options. After you have changed the destination parameters, click Next>.
See
“Destination Parameters panel”
on page 133.
9 The Selection Summary screen lets you scan the information you have entered on the previous screens. Links to the recovery sets and destination database attributes let you view and verify any changes you have made. When you are satisfied with the summary information, click Next>.
See
on page 134.
10 The Pre-clone Check screen lets you validate the database attributes and the file paths. To validate, click the underlined word here. If a directory path does not already exist, the validation check flags the error. If a file already exists, the validation check also flags the error, so that the cloning operation does not overwrite the file.
See
on page 134.
When you are ready to launch the cloning operation, click Launch Cloning
Process. A display appears that is similar to the NetBackup Activity Monitor.
Select a Master Server dialog
From the pulldown menu, select the NetBackup master server that collected the backup information to be used for the cloning operation.
Select Source Database panel
When the Select Source Database screen first appears, the lowest portion of the screen shows a list of the latest backups for all the databases that the master server knows about for the default date range.
The upper portion of the screen shows parameters for filtering the list of databases.
If the list is long, you can filter what databases appear by database name, host name, database version, and date range. Multiple filter parameters can be used at the same time.
For example, to show only the Solaris databases that are backed up between
11/05/2011 and 11/12/2011, select Solaris from the Platform: pulldown menu. Then select the dates from the calendar icons. Then click Show Databases to display the new filtered list of databases.
Guided Recovery
Select Control File Backup panel
132
Select Control File Backup panel
The Guided Recovery Select Control File Backup screen is a timeline view of all the control files that are backed up for the selected database. The timeline displays an icon for each control file that is associated with the backed up database. When you first enter this screen, the latest backup control file is already selected .
Hover over the icon on the timeline to display a popup that shows information about that file: backup name, type of media, the size of the backup, etc.
Multiple control files may be displayed on the timeline. To view all the instances of control files, you may need to increase the scope of the timeline. You can display the timeline in days, weeks, months, or years. If multiple control files were backed up during a single timeline unit, a different icon appears representing more than one control file (for example, if the database was backed up twice in an hour). To select from among these files, hover over the icon. A popup lists each control file in table format. It shows several items including the backup name and the type of media. Click option next to the desired control file.
You can also click one of the links in the lower left of the screen to verify that you have selected the proper control file.
■
■
■
View Database Schema shows the schema of the selected control file. It shows how the database is laid out by listing each data file name, tablespace name, and its size.
View Datafiles Recovery Set shows the data file backups to be used for the restore process. It also shows the backup and image information that is displayed for each data file. The data file recovery set is generated only for the files that are backed up as part of an incremental strategy. Even though files that are backed up as part of a full backup do not appear in this list, the clone still completes successfully.
If the image spans media, only the first media is shown in the list.
View Archived Log Recovery Set shows the archive log backups that may be used to recover the database to the latest point in time of that control file. This set is generated only for the files that are backed up as part of an incremental strategy. Even though files that are backed up as part of a full backup do not appear in this list, the clone still completes successfully.
Destination host and login panel
The Select Destination Parameters screen lets you enter the destination host and the Oracle logon information. For Windows, you are asked for the domain name, user name, and password. For UNIX and Linux, you are asked only for the user name.
Guided Recovery
Destination Parameters panel
133
The following rules apply to the selection of the destination host:
■
The destination must be of the same platform type as the source of the clone.
■
■
A NetBackup client must be installed.
A compatible version of Oracle must be installed.
Destination Parameters panel
Guided Recovery uses many values from the source database as default values for the destination database. You can modify these values if not appropriate for the destination database.
Note: The Windows information you enter on this screen is case-sensitive. Be sure to enter the Windows information appropriately.
The Destination Parameters screen contains the following tabs:
■
■
Database Attributes. This pane appears when you first enter the Database
Attributes screen. Each attribute name has identical source and destination attributes. You can change the destination attribute of the instance name, database name, and database home. Note that the instance name is case-sensitive while the database name is not case-sensitive.
If you use a temporary tablespace or data files, and you plan to write the data files back to the same location, do not modify the path. If you must modify the path, make sure that it is identical to the source path including case (upper, lower, mixed). Otherwise, the clone fails with an error that indicates the temporary file already exists. This limitation does not affect UNIX and Linux systems.
Control File Paths. This pane displays the source path and the destination path for each control file. You can change a control file destination path by clicking in the associated text window and entering the new path. You can also click Browse to navigate to the desired path. When you change a path, a highlight bar appears around the text window as a visual indicator that this path has changed.
■
■
Data File Paths. This pane lets you change the destination path for one or more data files. Enter the path in the text window provided, then select the data files on which to apply it, and press the Apply option.
Redo Log Paths. This pane displays the source path and the destination path for all redo logs. You can type in a new destination path or click Browse to navigate to the desired path. When you change a path, a highlight bar appears around the text window as a visual indicator that this path has changed.
Guided Recovery
Selection summary panel
134
■
Restore Options. This pane displays restore options. The option that is displayed on this pane is Number of parallel streams for restore and recover.
When you are done making changes on this screen, click Next>. All the information from the previous screen is saved in preparation for the cloning operation. All the changes that are made in this screen are temporary and are active only for the cloning session.
Selection summary panel
The following information appears on this screen:
■
The selected master server and the source database attributes.
■
■
The date and time of the selected control file backup, and the backup media type.
The database recovery set and the archived log recovery set.
■
The destination database attributes selected in the previous screen and the database initialization parameters to be used for the cloning operation.
Pre-clone check panel
The Guided Recovery Pre-clone Check screen lets you validate the database attributes and the file paths. To validate, click the underlined word here. If a file path does not already exist, the validation check flags the error. If a file already exists, the validation check also flags the error, so that the cloning operation does not overwrite the file.
You can also specify an email address, so when the cloning process completes, an email is sent to you that gives you the status of the cloning operation along with other pertinent information.
Job Details panel
The Job Details screen is intended to reflect the NetBackup Activity Monitor. More information is available on the Activity Monitor.
For more information, see the NetBackup Administrator's Guide, Volume I .
Guided Recovery post-clone operations
Perform the following after the cloning operation has completed:
Guided Recovery
Troubleshooting Guided Recovery
135
■
■
On UNIX and Linux systems, update the oratab file with the appropriate instance information.
On UNIX and Linux systems, if the cloning operation fails, do the following cleanup:
■
If the database is active, shut down the database.
■
■
Remove init<SID>.ora, spfile<SID>.ora, and any other files that are associated with the SID being used, from the <$ORACLE_HOME>/DBS directory.
Remove all data files.
■
■
On Windows systems, if the cloning operation fails, use the dbca utility to delete the database.
dbca sometimes removes directories, so verify before retrying the operation.
If a cloned Oracle database contains read-only tablespaces or data files, you must make them read-write before RMAN backs them up, or RMAN cannot restore them. After the backup (cloning operation), you can return the items to read-only.
The following shows an example of the sequence of steps in the process:
■
Back up Oracle database A which contains read-only tablespace TABLE1.
■
Clone database A to database B.
■
■
■
Use the Oracle alter tablespace command to make tablespace TABLE1 read-write. You may revert to read-only if you want.
Back up database B.
Use RMAN to restore database B.
Troubleshooting Guided Recovery
Guided Recovery operations are in addition to the normal NetBackup for Oracle operations.
On UNIX and Linux systems, gather all legacy logs at VERBOSE=5. On Windows systems, gather them at General=2, Verbose=5, and Database=5. All unified logs should be gathered at DebugLevel=6 and DiagnosticlLevel=6.
In addition to the troubleshooting methods and evidence that you use for resolving
NetBackup for Oracle operations, there is also information that is required specifically for troubleshooting Guided Recovery when it fails.
For more information about NetBackup debug logs and reports, refer to the
NetBackup Administrator's Guide, Volume I .
Guided Recovery
Troubleshooting Guided Recovery
136
Troubleshooting files for metadata collection operations at the time of the backup
The information in the following log files can be helpful when you troubleshoot
Guided Recovery metadata collection operations.
From the Oracle client host:
■ netbackup/logs/bphdb legacy logs
■
■
■
■ netbackup/logs/dbclient legacy logs (The directory must be writable by the Oracle users.) ncf unified logs, OID 309, New Client Framework ncforautil unified logs, OID 360, New Client Framework Oracle Utility ncforaclepi, OID 348, New Client Framework Oracle Plugin
From the NetBackup media server: netbackup/logs/bpbrm legacy logs
From the NetBackup master server:
■ netbackup/logs/bprd legacy logs
■
■ nbars unified logs, OID 362, NetBackup Agent Request Service dars unified logs, OID 363, Database Agent Request Service
For more information about NetBackup debug logs and reports, refer to the
NetBackup Administrator's Guide, Volume I .
Troubleshooting files for Guided Recovery validation operations
The information in the following log files can be helpful when you troubleshoot
Guided Recovery validation operations.
From the Oracle client host:
■
■ netbackup/logs/vnetd legacy logs ncf unified logs, OID 309, New Client Framework
■ ncfnbcs unified logs, OID 366, New Client Framework NetBackup Client Services
From the NetBackup master server:
■ netbackup/logs/vnetd legacy logs
■ nbars unified logs, OID 362, NetBackup Agent Request Service
■ dars unified logs, OID 363, Database Agent Request Service
From the Symantec OpsCenter server:
■
<SYMCOpsCenterServer>/config/log.conf file
Guided Recovery
Troubleshooting Guided Recovery
137
■ opscenterserver unified logs, OID 148 (The default location is
<SYMCOpsCenterServer >/logs)
■ opscentergui unified log, OID 147 (The default location is
<SYMCOpsCenterGUI>/logs)
For more information about NetBackup debug logs and reports, refer to the
NetBackup Administrator's Guide, Volume I .
Troubleshooting files for Guided Recovery cloning operations
The information in the following log files can helpful when you troubleshoot Guided
Recovery cloning operations.
From the Oracle client host:
■
■
■
■ netbackup/logs/bphdb legacy logs (Includes the obk_stdout and obk_stderr logs.) netbackup/logs/bpdbsbora legacy logs netbackup/logs/dbclient legacy logs (The directory must be writable by the Oracle users.)
A tar of netbackup/logs/user_ops (UNIX/Linux)
■
A compress of NetBackup\Logs\user_ops (Windows)
From the NetBackup master server:
■ netbackup/logs/vnetd legacy logs
■
■
■
■ netbackup/logs/bprd legacy logs nbars unified logs, OID 362, NetBackup Agent Request Service
■ dars unified logs, OID 363, Database Agent Request Service
From the Symantec OpsCenter server:
■
<SYMCOpsCenterServer>/config/log.conf file opscenterserver unified logs, OID 148 (The default location is
<SYMCOpsCenterServer >/logs) opscentergui unified log, OID 147 (The default location is
<SYMCOpsCenterGUI>/logs)
Chapter
7
NetBackup for Oracle with
Snapshot Client
This chapter includes the following topics:
■
About NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client
■
How NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client works
■
About configuring Snapshot Client with NetBackup for Oracle
■
Restoring NetBackup for Oracle from a snapshot backup
■
About configuring NetBackup for Oracle block-level incremental backups on
■
■
About Oracle support for Replication Director
About NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client
To use NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client, NetBackup Snapshot Client and NetBackup for Oracle must both be licensed and installed.
Before you use NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client, confirm that your platform is supported.
See
“Verifying the operating system and platform compatibility for NetBackup for
on page 37.
A snapshot is a disk image of the client’s data that is made almost instantaneously.
When it is used with NetBackup Snapshot Client, NetBackup for Oracle can back up Oracle objects by taking snapshot images of the component files. Later, it backs up the snapshot version to the storage unit.
NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client
About NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client
139
Snapshot backup captures the data at a particular instant without having caused significant client downtime. Client operations and user access continue without interruption during the backup. The resulting capture or snapshot can be backed up without affecting the performance or availability of the database.
The following NetBackup Snapshot Client features are available for use with
NetBackup for Oracle.
Table 7-1
Snapshot Client features used with NetBackup for Oracle
Feature
Instant recovery
Off-host backup
Block-level incremental backup
Proxy copy
Description
This feature enables instant recovery of backups from disk.
It combines snapshot technology with the ability to do rapid disk-based restores. NetBackup creates the image without interrupting user access to data. Optionally, the image is retained on disk as well as backed up to storage. Instant recovery enables block-level restores.
An off-host backup shifts the burden of backup processing onto a separate backup agent, such as an alternate client.
This shift reduces the effect on the client’s computing resources ordinarily caused by a local backup. The backup agent reads the data from the client disk and writes it to storage.
On UNIX, an off-host backup can also be directed to a
NetBackup media server, or third-party copy device.
On UNIX, a Block-Level Incremental (BLI) Backup uses the change tracking capabilities of the Veritas File System (VxFS)
Storage Checkpoint feature. In a BLI backup, only the changed blocks of data are backed up, not the entire file or file system. A BLI backup saves time, decreases the amount of backup media that is required, and significantly reduces
CPU and network overhead during backups.
You can perform a BLI backup with or without RMAN.
A proxy copy is a special type of backup in which the
NetBackup for Oracle agent manages the control of the data transfer. During the backup and restore operations, the proxy copy enables the agent to manage the entire data movement between the disks that contain the data files and the storage devices that NetBackup manages.
Backups and restores remain tightly integrated with Oracle and its catalog, greatly simplifying administration tasks.
NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client
About NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client
140
Table 7-1
Snapshot Client features used with NetBackup for Oracle (continued)
Feature
File-based operations
Stream-based operations
Description
Oracle provides the list of files that require backup or restore to NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client.
More information is available.
See
“NetBackup for Oracle file-based operations”
on page 141.
Stream-based operations are the standard NetBackup implementation of conventional NetBackup for Oracle backup and restore.
More information is available.
See
“NetBackup for Oracle stream-based operations”
on page 140.
Proxy copy
A proxy copy is a special type of backup in which the NetBackup for Oracle agent manages the control of the data transfer. During the backup and restore operations, proxy copy enables the agent to manage the entire data movement between the disks that contain the data files and the storage devices that NetBackup manages.
With proxy copy, RMAN provides a list of files that require backup or restore to the
NetBackup for Oracle agent. The agent determines how the data is moved and when to move the data. Proxy copy is an extension to Oracle’s Media Management
API.
Backups and restores remain tightly integrated with RMAN and its catalog, which greatly simplifies administration tasks.
NetBackup for Oracle stream-based operations
Stream-based operations are the standard NetBackup implementation of conventional RMAN backup and restore. In a stream-based backup, NetBackup moves the data that the server process provides. NetBackup captures the data stream content that RMAN provides. If the user has specified multiple streams, then RMAN opens multiple streams and NetBackup catalogs them as separate images.
represents a stream-based backup or restore.
Figure 7-1
NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client
About NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client
141
NetBackup for Oracle RMAN stream-based backup or restore
Oracle database disk
Oracle Server
Control commands
Data
NetBackup
Oracle database disk
Storage
NetBackup for Oracle file-based operations
File-based operations are the NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client implementation of Oracle proxy copy backups and restores. In a file-based operation,
RMAN provides the list of files that require backup or restore to NetBackup for
Oracle with Snapshot Client. NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client performs the data movement.
represents a file-based backup or restore.
Figure 7-2
NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client
How NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client works
142
NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client file-based backup or restore
Oracle database disk
Oracle Server
Data
Control commands
List of files
NetBackup
Data
Oracle database disk
Storage
How NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client works
NetBackup users or schedules start database backups or restores. The Oracle
Intelligent Policy automatically generates an RMAN script. The script- or template-based policy uses a template or a shell script in the backup selections list of the Oracle policy. A template-based policy uses the template to generate the
RMAN script. The template or the shell script specifies backup or restore commands for the Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN) to use when you perform the backup or restore on the client.
The RMAN backup proxy command initiates a proxy copy backup of the specified objects. The objects that can be backed up using the proxy copy functionality depend on the Oracle version. RMAN translates the objects into the physical file names and provides a list of file names to NetBackup for Oracle.
NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client
How NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client works
143
See
“Database objects supported by advanced backup methods”
on page 143.
The agent checks that the policy it uses for the backup is configured with the appropriate Snapshot Client attributes. The agent then initiates file-based backups of the Oracle files and uses the NetBackup Snapshot Client interface to perform the data movement.
When Oracle performs proxy copy backups, it puts the data files being backed up into backup mode. NetBackup then creates a snapshot of the files. After the snapshot has been created, the NetBackup for Oracle agent signals back to Oracle to take the data files out of backup mode. The data files being backed up are in backup mode only for the period of time necessary to capture a snapshot of the data.
About the NetBackup for Oracle backup operation
For a backup operation, the NetBackup for Oracle agent performs the following steps:
■
Receives a list of files to back up from RMAN.
■
■
■
A unique backup file name identifies each file in the NetBackup catalog. To ensure that this procedure occurs, use the format operand to give each data file a unique name.
Queries the policy to check whether the Snapshot Client policy attributes are specified.
Initiates a configured number of Snapshot Client backups and waits until the jobs are completed.
See
“About NetBackup multistreaming”
on page 144.
About the NetBackup for Oracle restore operation
For a restore operation, the NetBackup for Oracle agent performs the following steps:
■
■
■
Receives a list of files to restore from RMAN.
Sends a restore request to the NetBackup server for all files in the list.
Waits for NetBackup to restore all files in the file list.
Database objects supported by advanced backup methods
Oracle controls the kinds of database objects that can be backed up by proxy copy and, therefore, what NetBackup can back up using Snapshot Client backup methods.
Oracle allows proxy copy backups of databases, tablespaces, and data files. With
Oracle 10g releases and later, Oracle also allows proxy copy backups of archived
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144 redo logs. As a result, NetBackup can use file-based Snapshot Client backup methods to back up these objects.
For control files, Oracle RMAN performs conventional stream-based backups only.
NetBackup for Oracle must use stream-based backups for control files even when you use Snapshot Client methods for the other database objects.
The Oracle Intelligent Policy handles both stream-based and file-based components.
File-based and stream-based backups require different configurations. When configuring your NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client backups, be sure to configure a policy that allows both stream-based and file-based backups.
About NetBackup multistreaming
On the initial call, NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client returns a special entry to RMAN indicating that it supports proxy copy. It also indicates to RMAN that it supports an unlimited number of files to be proxy-copied in a single proxy copy session. The number of channels that are allocated for the RMAN backup proxy command does not control the degree of parallelism for proxy backups. RMAN uses only one channel for proxy copy backups except when a specific configuration is used.
The
NB_ORA_PC_STREAMS variable controls the number of proxy copy backup streams to be started. By default, the agent initiates one backup job for all files. If the RMAN send command passes
NB_ORA_PC_STREAMS
, NetBackup for Oracle splits the files into the number of groups that the variable specifies based on the file size. The agent attempts to create streams of equal size and determines the number of processes that run to perform the backup.
RMAN multiple channels
If you allocate multiple channels for an RMAN proxy copy backup session, RMAN uses only one channel to perform a proxy backup of all objects. All other channels can be used for a stream-based (non-proxy) backup of the control file or archived redo logs. Examples are available.
See
on page 147.
Restoring data files to a new location
NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client can restore the data files that are backed up by proxy to a new location. The new location can be specified by using the RMAN set newname command or
ALTER DATABASE RENAME DATAFILE statement before a restore is initiated. For example, to restore a data file for tablespace
TEST to a new location, you can use the following RMAN commands:
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RUN
{ allocate channel t1 'SBT_TAPE'; sql 'alter tablespace TEST offline immediate'
# restore the datafile to a new location set newname for datafile '/oradata/test.f' to
'/oradata_new/test.f'; restore tablespace TEST;
# make the control file recognize the restored file as current switch datafile all; recover tablespace TEST; release channel t1;
}
The RMAN procedure for the data files that are backed up by proxy is the same as for conventionally backed up data files. RMAN knows that the data files were backed up by proxy, and it issues a proxy restore request to NetBackup for Oracle, which restores the data files to the new location. For more information on the required procedure, see your Oracle documentation.
Redirecting a restore to a different client
The procedure for restoring a proxy backup to a different destination client is the same as the procedure for stream-based, non-proxy backups.
Symbolic links and raw data files (UNIX)
NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client backs up and restores the data files that consist of symbolic links and regular files. Both the symbolic link and the file are backed up and restored. However, if you selected Retain snapshots for instant
recovery then the symbolic link must reside on the same file system as the data file. When you use instant recovery, if the symbolic link resides on a different file system than the data file it points to, the restore fails.
NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client backs up and restores data files created on raw partitions.
Quick I/O data files (UNIX)
NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client backs up and restores Quick I/O Oracle data files. A Quick I/O file consists of two components: a hidden file with space allocated for it and a link that points to the Quick I/O interface of the hidden file.
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On the backup, NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client follows the symbolic link and backs up both components of the Quick I/O file: the symbolic link and the hidden file.
On the restore, NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client restores both components from the backup image. If one or both of the components are missing, NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client creates the missing component(s).
RMAN incremental backups
You can use proxy copy backups as a part of the incremental strategy with conventional non-proxy RMAN backups. RMAN lets you create a proxy copy incremental level 0 backup. This backup can be the base for subsequent RMAN traditional incremental backups (level 1-n). To accomplish this, perform a snapshot proxy copy (file-based) level 0 incremental backup and follow with an RMAN traditional (stream-based) level 1-n incremental backup.
In Oracle 10g it is possible to track changed blocks using a change tracking file.
Enabling change tracking does produce a small amount of database overhead, but it greatly improves the performance of incremental backups. Use the
ALTER
DATABASE ENABLE BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING; sqlplus command to enable block change tracking on the database.
In the following example, the first run command initiates a proxy copy backup of tablespace tbs1
. NetBackup for Oracle uses a snapshot file-based backup to perform a full tablespace backup. RMAN designates this backup as eligible for incremental level 1-n backups. The second run command initiates a traditional non-proxy level 1 incremental backup of the same tablespace tbs1
. In this case,
NetBackup for Oracle performs a stream-based backup.
run { allocate channel t1 type 'SBT_TAPE'; backup incremental level 0 tablespace tbs1; release channel t1;
} proxy format ’bk_%U_%t’ run { allocate channel t1 type 'SBT_TAPE'; backup incremental level 1 format ’bk_%U_%t’
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147 tablespace tbs1; release channel t1;
}
Proxy backup examples
The Oracle Intelligent Policy automatically creates the RMAN proxy script. In some instances, you need to create a custom script specific to your environment.
The following examples show how to use multiple channels in RMAN scripts with proxy backups.
Table 7-2
Proxy backup examples
Backup example Sample script
This RMAN sample script initiates a whole database backup, which includes the control file. RMAN starts one proxy copy backup session by sending a list of all data files to the NetBackup for Oracle agent on channel t1
.
run { allocate channel t1 type 'SBT_TAPE'; send 'NB_ORA_PC_STREAMS=3'; backup proxy format 'bk_%U_%t'
(database); release channel t1;
}
The agent splits the files into three streams and initiates a file-based backup for each stream. After the proxy backup is done, RMAN starts a non-proxy conventional backup of the control file on channel t1.
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Table 7-2
Proxy backup examples (continued)
Backup example Sample script
This RMAN sample script initiates a whole database backup, which includes the control file. RMAN starts one proxy copy backup session by sending a list of all data files to the NetBackup for Oracle agent on channel t1
. The agent splits the files into three streams and initiates a file-based backup for each stream. At the same time, RMAN starts a non-proxy conventional backup of the control file on channel t2.
run { allocate channel t1 type 'SBT_TAPE'; allocate channel t2 type 'SBT_TAPE'; send 'NB_ORA_PC_STREAMS=3'; backup proxy format 'bk_%U_%t'
(database); release channel t1; release channel t2;
}
If the RMAN recovery catalog is not used, the version of the control file being backed up does not contain information about the current backup.
To include the information about the current backup, back up the control file as the last step in the backup operation. This step is not necessary if the recovery catalog is used.
Run { allocate channel t1 type 'SBT_TAPE'; backup format 'cntrl_%s_%p_%t' current controlfile; release channel t1;
}
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Table 7-2
Proxy backup examples (continued)
Backup example Sample script
In this sample script, RMAN initiates two proxy copy backups sequentially on channel t1
. It starts a proxy backup of tablespace tbs1 data files. After the backup is done, it starts another proxy backup of tablespace tbs2 data files.
run { allocate channel t1 type 'SBT_TAPE'; backup proxy format 'bk_%U_%t'
(tablespace tbs1); backup proxy format 'bk_%U_%t'
(tablespace tbs2); release channel t1;
}
This configuration can cause problems if the sequential backups create snapshots on the same or a separate volume that share a snapshot resource specification. In such a situation, issue a single backup command such as the following which specifies both tablespaces rather than two separate backup commands: run { allocate channel t1 type 'SBT_TAPE'; backup proxy format 'bk_%U_%t'
(tablespace tbs1, tbs2); release channel t1;
}
In this example, RMAN distributes proxy copy backups over two channels. It creates two proxy copy backup sessions sending tbs1 data files on channel t1 and tbs2 data files on channel t2. Such a method is useful if you want to specify different
NetBackup configurations for each channel.
In this example, each send command specifies a different policy that is sent to the proxy backups. Each of the proxy backups uses this policy.
run { allocate channel t1 type 'SBT_TAPE'; send ’NB_ORA_POLICY=policy1’; allocate channel t2 type 'SBT_TAPE'; send ’NB_ORA_POLICY=policy2’; backup proxy format 'bk_%U_%t' release channel t1; release channel t2;
}
(tablespace tbs1 channel t1);
(tablespace tbs2 channel t2);
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About configuring Snapshot Client with NetBackup for Oracle
This topic explains how to configure snapshot and instant recovery backups for the
Oracle policy. For information on how a snapshot method is automatically selected and details on the types of backup methods, see the NetBackup Snapshot Client
Administrator’s Guide .
Snapshot backups do not back up all database objects. Your backup configuration must include one or more automatic schedules to perform file-based and one or moew application schedules to perform stream-based backups. This configuration ensures that the entire database can be restored successfully.
For snapshot or instant recovery backups, configure the following policies and schedules as follows:
■
A Oracle policy with the following attributes:
■
Snapshot methods for the file systems in which the database files reside.
■
A backup method on the policy attributes dialog box.
■
■
An Automatic Full Backup schedule to perform file-based snapshot and off-host backups of the database.
(Conditional) For script- or template-based policies: An Application Backup schedule to back up the transaction logs.
To use NAS snapshot with NetBackup for Oracle, the Oracle database must be installed and configured to work in a NAS environment.
If you want to use a SnapVault storage unit, make sure the storage unit is configured before you start to configure the NAS snapshot policy.
For more information about NAS snapshot and SnapVault, see the NetBackup
Snapshot Client Administrator’s Guide .
Configuration requirements for snapshot backups with NetBackup for Oracle
Each agent has its own hardware requirements, software requirements, compatibility with certain features, and the snapshot methods that are supported. Special requirements apply for specific types of backups. See the NetBackup Snapshot
Client Administrator’s Guide and the Symantec Support Web site for more information. Familiarize yourself with this information before you configure any snapshot backups.
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The following list highlights some of the requirements that pertain to database agents:
■
■
Snapshot Client backups do not back up all database objects. Your backup configuration must include policies to perform file-based and stream-based backups. This configuration ensures that the entire database can be restored successfully.
On UNIX, the user identification and group identification numbers (UIDs and
GIDs) associated with the files to be backed up must be available to both the primary client and the alternate backup client. The UID on the primary client and the alternate backup client must be the same. Similarly, the GID on the primary client and the alternate backup client must be the same.
Note:
The UID number can be different than the GID number.
■
■
■
■
Allocate different areas for data files, archived redo logs, and the control file for database activities. Write the data files to their own repository because it is required for an instant recovery point-in-time rollback. Only data files can exist on the volume or the file system that you want to restore.
The hardware and software that is required for the appropriate snapshot method must be installed and configured correctly.
NetBackup Snapshot Client must be installed and configured correctly, and the license key for this option must be registered.
To perform off-host backups, perform any special configuration that is required.
Configuring a snapshot policy for NetBackup for Oracle
The following procedure shows how to configure a snapshot policy with optional instant recovery, snapshot retention, and off-host backup.
Select the policy type
Select appropriate storage unit or storage unit group
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To configure a snapshot policy
1
Open the policy you want to configure.
2 Click on the Attributes tab. The following screen appears.
Click Perform snapshot backups
Click Retain snapshots for instant recovery
Click Perform off-host backup and specify a method
3 Select the Oracle policy type.
4 Select a policy storage unit from the Policy storage list.
Select a policy storage unit in this step even if you plan to select Instant
Recovery Snapshots Only later in this procedure.
NetBackup uses this storage unit for the stream-based backups of the control files and the archived redo logs that are included in this policy.
On UNIX, NetBackup also uses this storage unit if you select Third Party Copy
Device when you configure the schedule.
On UNIX, Any_available is not supported for the following data movers:
NetBackup Media Server or Third-party Copy Device.
5 Click Perform snapshot backups.
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6 (Optional) Click Options to choose a snapshot method.
By default NetBackup chooses a snapshot method for you. To choose a snapshot method, click auto (the default) or click one of the methods that are presented in the list.
The snapshot method that you can use depends on your hardware environment and software environment. Only certain snapshot methods are supported in certain environments. See the NetBackup Snapshot Client Administrator’s
Guide or the supported platforms matrix on the Symantec Support Web site for more information.
You can configure only one snapshot method per policy. For example, assume that you want one snapshot method for clients a, b, and c, and a different method for clients d, e, and f. Then you need to create two policies for each group of clients and select one method for each policy.
7 (Optional) Select Retain snapshot for Instant Recovery or SLP management.
When this option is selected, NetBackup retains the snapshot backup image on disk for later use in recovery.
8 (Optional) Select Perform off-host backup.
By default, the client that hosts the database performs the backup. If you want to reduce the I/O processing load on the client that hosts the database, specify an alternate client to perform the backup.
9 (Conditional) Select an off-host backup method.
The following off-host backup methods are available:
Use Alternate
client (UNIX and
Windows clients)
If you select Alternate client, also specify the name of the client to perform the backup. This option may require additional configuration. The alternate client must be a client that shares the disk array.
Use Data mover
(UNIX clients only).
If you click Data mover, also select one of the following possible data movers:
NetBackup Media Server
Third-Party Copy Device
Network Attached Storage
10 Click the Schedules tab.
11
Click New.
12
Configure a schedule for the database files.
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13 (Conditional) To create only disk images, in the Destination panel, under
Instant Recovery, select Snapshots only.
This setting suppresses NetBackup’s default behavior, which is to copy the snapshot to a storage unit. When you select Snapshots only, NetBackup creates the on-disk snapshot copy of the database, but it does not copy the snapshot to a storage unit. The on-disk snapshot becomes the only backup copy. Note that the on-disk snapshot is not considered to be a replacement for a traditional backup.
14 (Conditional) On the Schedules tab, configure a backup schedule for the control files or archived redo logs.
■
■
Oracle Intelligent Policy backup policy. Configure an Archived Redo Log
Backup schedule for this policy.
Script- or template-based backup policy. Configure an Application Backup schedule for this policy.
NetBackup uses this storage unit for the stream-based backups of the control files and the logs that are included in this policy. NetBackup copies the database’s control files and archived redo logs to the storage unit you select.
For UNIX clients, if you selected Third-Party Copy Device as an off-host backup method, click Override policy storage unit. Then select a non-SAN
Media Manager or other storage unit type that is appropriate to back up the control files and archived redo logs.
15
Configure the Clients, instances, or instance groups.
■
Oracle Intelligent Policy backup policy. On the Instances tab, specify the instances or instance group, to be included in this policy.
■
Script- or template-based backup policy. On the Clients tab, specify the clients to be included in this policy.
16
On the Backup Selections tab, specify the correct setup depending on policy setup.
■
Oracle Intelligent Policy backup policy. Use the radio button to select Whole
Database, Partial database – Tablespaces, Partial database – Datafiles, or Fast Recovery Area when using this type of policy.
■
Script- or template-based backup policy. Specify the template script or backup script when you use this type of policy.
More information is available about how to use templates and scripts for a
NetBackup for Oracle policy with Snapshot Client.
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155
See
“About Snapshot Client effects”
on page 162.
17
Configure other attributes and add any additional schedules and backup selections.
Restoring NetBackup for Oracle from a snapshot backup
The following topics describe how to restore files, volumes, and file systems from a snapshot backup:
■
■
See
“About restoring individual files from a NetBackup for Oracle snapshot backup”
on page 155.
See
“About NetBackup for Oracle restores of volumes and file systems using snapshot rollback”
on page 156.
■
■
See
“Performing a NetBackup for Oracle point-in-time rollback restore from a
on page 157.
See
“Performing a snapshot rollback restore from the Java or Windows interface”
on page 156.
About restoring individual files from a NetBackup for Oracle snapshot backup
Data that is backed up with Snapshot Client methods is restored in the same way as data that is backed up without Snapshot Client methods.
Use this procedure for the files that were backed up with, or without, instant recovery enabled. In all cases, NetBackup determines the files that were backed up, and it initiates a corresponding restore request to the database agent.
If instant recovery is enabled, NetBackup attempts to restore the file by using the unique restore methods available with the instant recovery feature. The type of restore method that NetBackup uses depends on your environment and the type of backup performed. If NetBackup is unable to use any of the instant recovery methods, it restores the file in the typical manner. Data is copied from the snapshot to the primary file system. Information on the instant recovery methods that
NetBackup uses is available.
See the NetBackup Snapshot Client Administrator’s Guide .
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About NetBackup for Oracle restores of volumes and file systems using snapshot rollback
You can request that an entire volume or an entire file system be restored from an instant recovery Snapshot backup. This type of a restore is called a point in time rollback. All the data in the snapshot is restored; single file restore is not available in a rollback.
See the NetBackup Snapshot Client Administrator’s Guide .
The following considerations are relevant for NetBackup for Oracle restores:
■
■
Snapshot rollback overwrites the entire volume.
With NetBackup for Oracle, snapshot rollback always performs file verification.
The agent checks for the following:
■
The requested files (number and names) are identical to those in the snapshot
■
The primary volume does not contain any files that were created after the snapshot was made
If verification fails, the rollback aborts with status 249.
Performing a snapshot rollback restore from the Java or
Windows interface
This topic describes how to perform a snapshot rollback restore from the Java or
Windows interface.
To perform a snapshot rollback restore from the Java or Windows interface
1 Open the Backup, Archive, and Restore interface.
2
Select one of the following:
■
In the Java interface, click the Restore Files tab.
■
In the Windows interface, select File > Select Files and Folders to
Restore.
If the data file you want to restore has not changes since it was backed up, the rollback may fail. Initiate the restore from a script and use the FORCE option.
3 Select Actions > Select Restore Type > Point in Time Rollback.
4 Use the NetBackup for Oracle recovery wizard for the restore.
See
“About NetBackup for Oracle restores”
on page 115.
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Performing a snapshot rollback restore using a script or RMAN command
This topic describes how to perform a snapshot rollback restore using a script or
RMAN command.
Note: If the data file you want to restore has not changed since it was backed up, the rollback may fail. Initiate the restore from a script and use the Oracle FORCE option.
To specify a snapshot rollback restore using a script or RMAN command
◆
If you want to use a shell script or RMAN command, set a new variable,
NB_PC_ORA_RESTORE=rollback.
For example:
RUN { allocate channel t1 'SBT_TAPE'; send 'NB_ORA_PC_RESTORE=rollback'; sql 'alter tablespace TEST offline immediate' restore tablespace TEST; recover tablespace TEST; release channel t1;
}
Performing a NetBackup for Oracle point-in-time rollback restore from a SnapVault backup (UNIX)
When you select a point-in-time rollback restore from a SnapVault backup,
NetBackup restores the entire subvolume (qtree) to a new subvolume (qtree) on the primary host. The restore does not overwrite the existing subvolume. File verification is not performed.
The format of the new subvolume name is as follows:
mountpointname_restore.timestamp
For example: subvol1_restore.2005.05.19.10h49m04s
To perform a NetBackup for Oracle point-in-time rollback restore from a SnapVault backup (UNIX)
1 Unmount the original subvolume, which is the subvolume that the restore process did not overwrite.
2 Rename the original subvolume.
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3 Rename the new subvolume with the name of the original.
4
Mount the new subvolume on the client. Use the
ALTER DATABASE RENAME
DATAFILE command to point to the restored data file on the newly created subvolume.
About configuring NetBackup for Oracle block-level incremental backups on UNIX
If only a small portion of a database changes on a daily basis, full database backups are costly in terms of time and media. The block-level incremental (BLI) backup interface extends the capabilities of NetBackup to back up only changed data blocks.
A database BLI backup is done at the file system block level, which means only changed blocks are backed up. Changed files are not backed up. VxFS Storage
Checkpoint facility identifies changed blocks in real time. BLI backup does not need to search the entire database for the modified blocks. BLI backup saves time, decreases the amount of backup media that is required, and significantly reduces
CPU and network overhead during backups. In addition, BLI backup allows more frequent backups, so backup images are more up to date.
BLI backup is particularly useful for any large databases that are sized in terms of hundreds of gigabytes or terabytes. Most traditional methods for database backup require that any change in the database—no matter how small—requires that the entire database is backed up. With BLI backup, only modified data blocks need to be backed up.
The recommended method for performing BLI backups is the proxy BLI agent with
RMAN. This method supports the other features of NetBackup for Oracle, including the policy types and schedules and the convenience of the RMAN template generation wizard. It also remains tightly integrated with RMAN and its catalog, which greatly simplifies administration tasks.
You can also perform backups with the script-based BLI method without RMAN.
See
“About script-based block-level incremental (BLI) backups without RMAN”
on page 233.
Note: Symantec recommends that Snapshot Client users who want to perform BLI backups use BLI with RMAN. NetBackup for Oracle also provides a method for BLI backup without RMAN that uses scripts to put tablespaces into, and take them out of, backup mode. This method is not recommended, and it requires a significantly different configuration.
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How BLI works with NetBackup for Oracle (UNIX)
NetBackup supports BLI full backups and BLI incremental backups of Oracle databases.
BLI backup supports two types incremental backups: differential and cumulative.
Full, differential incremental, and cumulative incremental backups are specified as part of the backup schedule. When performing a restore, NetBackup restores an appropriate full backup. Then it applies the changed blocks from the incremental backups.
Restoring any of the incremental backup images requires NetBackup to restore the last full backup image and all the subsequent incremental backups until the specified incremental backup image is restored. NetBackup performs this restore process automatically, and it is completely transparent. The media that stored the last full backup and the subsequent incremental backups must be available, or the restore cannot proceed.
Note that restoring a file rewrites all blocks in that file. The first subsequent differential incremental backup and all subsequent cumulative incremental backups back up all the blocks in the restored file. After restoring an entire database, the first subsequent backup results in a full backup.
The restore destination can be a VxFS, UFS (Solaris), JFS (AIX), or HFS (HP-UX) file system. The destination VxFS file system does not need to support the Storage
Checkpoint feature to restore files, but a VxFS file system with the Storage
Checkpoint feature is needed to perform BLI backups of the restored data.
This topic uses the following terms to describe BLI backups:
■
■
■
Full Backup.
A backup in which NetBackup backs up the entire database file, not just data blocks changed since the last full or incremental backup.
Cumulative BLI Backup.
This is a backup of all the data blocks of database files that changed since the last full backup. A cumulative BLI backup image contains only the data blocks of database files that changed since the last full backup, but a cumulative BLI backup can reduce the number of incremental backup images that must be applied to a restore operation. This speeds up the restore process.
Differential BLI backup.
This is a backup in which NetBackup performs a backup of only those data blocks of database files that changed since the last backup of any type (full, cumulative incremental, or differential incremental backup) was performed.
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160
When NetBackup initiates full database backups, followed by BLI backups, it creates, manages, and uses the appropriate Storage Checkpoints of the Oracle data file file systems.
About the Storage Checkpoint facility and NetBackup for Oracle
The BLI backup methodology uses the Storage Checkpoint facility in the Veritas
File System (VxFS). This facility is available through the Storage Foundation for
Oracle.
The VxFS Storage Checkpoint facility keeps track of data blocks modified by the database since the last backup. NetBackup with BLI backup leverages this facility to back up only changed blocks for an incremental backup. The entire database is not backed up.
VxFS Storage Checkpoint is a disk-efficient and I/O-efficient snapshot of file systems.
A Storage Checkpoint provides a consistent, stable view of a file system at the instant when the file system was snapped or checkpointed. Instead of making a physically separate copy of the file system, a Storage Checkpoint identifies and maintains only changed file system blocks. Disk space is saved and I/O overhead is significantly reduced.
Because the changed blocks are tracked, the VxFS Storage Checkpoint enables
BLI backups. VxFS Storage Checkpoint facility provides a consistent view of file systems, which allows BLI backup to freeze the database image during database backups.
The Storage Checkpoint operation is similar to the snapshot file system mechanism.
However, the Storage Checkpoint persists after a system restart which is unlike a snapshot. Also, the Storage Checkpoint operation is totally transparent to administrators. The Checkpoint image is managed and available only through
NetBackup or through the VxDBA utility for database backup available with the
Veritas Storage Foundation.
For more information on Storage Checkpoints, see the NetBackup Commands
Reference Guide documentation.
You can take a Storage Checkpoint while the database is online or offline. To take a Storage Checkpoint while the database is online, you must enable archive log mode. During the creation of the Storage Checkpoint, all tablespaces are placed in backup mode.
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Configuration requirements for BLI backups with NetBackup for
Oracle
Before you configure BLI backups, make sure your configuration meets the following requirements:
■
■
■
NetBackup for Oracle is installed, licensed, and configured.
NetBackup Snapshot Client is installed and configured, and the license key for this option is registered.
Veritas Storage Foundation for Oracle must be installed and configured.
■
Veritas File System must have Storage Checkpoint licensed.
For more information on requirements, see the NetBackup Snapshot Client
Administrator’s Guide .
Configuring policies for BLI backups with NetBackup for Oracle
This topic explains how to configure BLI backups for Oracle policies. BLI backups do not back up all database objects. Include policies to perform file-based and stream-based backups.
Your backup configuration must ensure that the entire database can be successfully restored.
To configure a policy for BLI backups, configure the following:
■
■
■
The BLI backup method on the policy attributes dialog box.
An Automatic Backup schedule to perform full and incremental file-based backups of the data files.
(Conditional) An Application Backup schedule to perform a stream-based backup of control files and archived redo logs. These files are backed up with standard
RMAN operations.
To configure a policy for BLI backups
1
Open the policy you want to configure.
2 Click the Attributes tab.
3
From the Policy Type list, choose Oracle.
4 Select a Policy storage.
5
Select Perform block level incremental backups.
6 To configure schedules, click the Schedules tab.
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Oracle does not support proxy backups of database control files and archived redo logs. To perform a whole database proxy backup, which automatically includes a backup of the control file, configure the following:
■
■
One or more automatic backup schedules to perform proxy BLI backups of the data files.
(Conditional) An Application Backup schedule type to back up the control files and archived redo logs.
7 On the Clients tab, specify clients to be backed up with this policy.
8
On the Backup Selections tab, specify the template or script.
About the types of NetBackup for Oracle BLI backups
NetBackup performs BLI backups with Automatic Full Backup, Automatic Differential
Incremental Backup, and Automatic Cumulative Incremental Backup schedules.
If a user initiates a backup and the proxy schedule name is not specified on the request with the
NB_ORA_PC_SCHED environment variable, the NetBackup server starts an Full Backup schedule by default.
NetBackup for Oracle checks that a full backup was performed before it proceeds with an incremental backup. If the NetBackup scheduler or user initiates an incremental backup, and NetBackup for Oracle finds no record of a full backup using the same policy, it performs a full backup.
To ensure that it has a proper set of images to restore, NetBackup performs a full backup when it encounters the following situations:
■
■
If the number of backup streams that is specified changed from the previous backup. This change can be made in the
NB_ORA_PC_STREAMS environment variable.
If NetBackup does not have a valid full backup image for the same policy in its database. For example, this situation can occur if images were expired.
■
If a new file was added to or deleted from the list of files for an incremental backup.
NetBackup for Oracle always initiates a full backup under these conditions, even if you want to perform an incremental backup.
About Snapshot Client effects
The following topics describe how the Snapshot Client software affects backup types, schedule properties, and templates. Snapshot Client also affects scripts and environment variables.
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How Snapshot Client software affects backup types
The backup types available on the Schedules tab of the policy play a different role for NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client backups.
See
on page 163.
Table 7-3
Backup types for Oracle policies
Backup type Description
Application Backup An application backup applies only to template- or script-based policies.
The Application Backup schedule enables stream-based NetBackup operations. The Default-Application-Backup schedule is automatically configured as an Application Backup schedule.
On UNIX clients, if you want to use Third-party Copy Device or a
NetBackup media server as your data mover, override the policy storage unit. Specify a non-SAN media manager or other storage unit type for the Application Backup schedule. This schedule backs up control files and archived logs.
Full backup
Differential incremental backup,
For file-based proxy copy backups, the full and incremental backup schedule types automatically start the backups by running the
NetBackup for Oracle RMAN scripts or templates.
Cumulative incremental backup
If you specify an incremental backup type for a non-BLI snapshot backup, a full backup is performed. NetBackup supports BLI full backups and BLI incremental backups of Oracle databases.
How Snapshot Client software affects schedule properties
Some schedule properties have a different meaning for Snapshot Client database backups than for a regular database backup. For a description of other schedule properties, see the information that is specific to standard database agent backups.
See
“About NetBackup for Oracle schedule properties”
on page 80.
explains the properties for Snapshot Client backups.
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Table 7-4
Property
Retention
Multiple copies
Schedule properties
Description
The retention period for an Application Backup schedule refers to the length of time that NetBackup keeps stream-based, non-proxy backup images.
Frequency-based scheduling
The retention period for an Application Backup schedule refers to the length of time that NetBackup keeps stream-based, non-proxy backup images.
For proxy backups, NetBackup uses the retention period for the automatic type of backup to specify how long to keep proxy, file-based backup images.
For the proxy backups, NetBackup uses the retention period for the full and the incremental type of backup. The reason is to specify how long to keep the proxy file-based backup images.
Calendar-based scheduling
The retention period for an Application Backup schedule refers to the length of time that NetBackup keeps non-proxy backup images.
For proxy backups, NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client uses the retention period for the full and the incremental type of backup. The reason is to specify how long to keep proxy file-based backup images.
If you specify an incremental backup type for a non-BLI snapshot backup, a full backup is performed. NetBackup supports BLI full backups and BLI incremental backups of Oracle databases.
If you use Multiple copies and want to specify multiple copies of non-proxy stream-based backups for your Oracle policy, configure Multiple copies on the Application Backup schedule.
For proxy file-based backups, configure Multiple copies on the full and incremental backup schedule.
How Snapshot Client software affects templates and scripts
On UNIX systems, you can use a template that the RMAN template generation wizard creates to perform backups with Snapshot Client. After they are created, templates reside on the NetBackup master server and are available for use by other
NetBackup for Oracle clients.
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You can use a template that the NetBackup for Oracle wizard creates to perform backups with Snapshot Client. After they are created, templates reside on the
NetBackup master server and are available for use by other NetBackup for Oracle clients.
See
“About creating templates and shell scripts”
on page 94.
In the RMAN template generation wizard, the Specify Maximum Limits selection options on the backup limits screen are not applicable for proxy backups. RMAN uses these options only for conventional stream-based backups. If the template includes archived redo logs, NetBackup uses this option to back up the logs.
Whether you use a template or script, you must enable the advanced backup method for your clients. Configure this method on the Attributes tab of the policy. At run time, the template checks the policy attributes to determine if a Snapshot Client backup method is configured. Then it initiates the proxy file-based backup. The template defaults to a single channel for proxy copy backups.
If you use a script, the script must reside on each client that is included in the policy.
Include the Oracle backup proxy command in the script to perform the advanced backup method. Sample scripts are included with the installation.
NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client environment variables
You can use environment variables to change the number of streams the proxy copy session uses or to specify an alternate backup schedule.
See
“About configuring the run-time environment”
on page 88.
The following list shows the variables that you can to set that are specific to
NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client:
NB_ORA_PC_SCHED
The NetBackup for Oracle schedule NetBackup uses for a proxy copy file-based backup. (This schedule can be Full,
Differential Incremental, or Cumulative Incremental backup type).
For scheduled backups, this variable is passed from the scheduler. When you create an RMAN template with the
NetBackup for Oracle RMAN template generation wizard, this variable is automatically created in the template.
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NB_ORA_PC_STREAMS
Specifies the number of backup streams that NetBackup starts simultaneously in each proxy copy session. When a backup starts, NetBackup groups all data files into a specified number of backup streams that are based on the file sizes. NetBackup tries to create streams of equal size.
The default value for NB_ORA_PC_STREAMS is 1.
Only a user can set this variable. When you create an
RMAN template using the NetBackup for Oracle RMAN template generation wizard, this variable is automatically created in the template when you provide a value for the
Number of parallel streams.
For NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client, the order of precedence for environment variables is the same as for standard NetBackup for Oracle. Refer to the instructions for how to configure the NetBackup and the user variables.
See
“About configuring the run-time environment”
on page 88.
NetBackup for Oracle installs sample scripts in the following location:
UNIX: /usr/openv/netbackup/ext/db_ext/oracle/samples/rman
Windows: install_path\NetBackup\dbext\oracle\samples\rman
The following are the scripts for NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client that show how to configure the required variables:
UNIX: hot_database_backup_proxy.sh
Windows: hot_database_backup_proxy.cmd
This script sets the environment and calls RMAN with the appropriate command to perform a whole database proxy backup. When NetBackup runs a schedule, it sets the environment variables that
NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client uses.
The script shows how to use the RMAN send command to pass the NetBackup for Oracle with
Snapshot Client variables with a vendor-specific quoted string.
UNIX: hot_tablespace_backup_proxy.sh
Windows: hot_tablespace_backup_proxy.cmd
This script sets the environment and calls RMAN with the appropriate command to perform a tablespace proxy backup.
If you use scripts, use the send command to pass the environment variables to the agent. The following example uses the send command to specify the values for
NB_ORA_PC_SCHED and
NB_ORA_PC_STREAMS
:
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167 run { allocate channel t1 type 'SBT_TAPE'; send 'NB_ORA_PC_SCHED= sched, NB_ORA_PC_STREAMS= number’; backup proxy
(database format 'bk_%U_%t');
}
For more information, see the sample scripts that are provided with the agent.
See
on page 147.
About Oracle support for Replication Director
In NetBackup 7.6, Replication Director can be used to create snapshots of the
Oracle database and replicate the snapshots to other NetApp disk arrays. To use
Replication Director, the Oracle database must exist on a NetApp NAS disk array.
(It is not supported on SAN storage at this time.)
Oracle snapshot backups that use Replication Director are supported on UNIX platforms only.
The administrator can create an Oracle policy to use Replication Director by using either the following methods:
■
■
The Oracle Intelligent Policy (recommended).
See
“Configuring an Oracle Intelligent Policy”
on page 168.
Create a script- or template-based Oracle policy.
See
“Configuring a script- or template-based Oracle policy”
on page 172.
describes the differences between the two methods:
Table 7-5
Differences in Oracle snapshot policy setup
Configuration Oracle Intelligent Policy
Scripts
Script- or template-based Oracle policy
■
■
■
All scripts that are necessary to protect all parts of the database are automatically generated at run-time.
The administrator does not need to know how to configure RMAN scripts.
The retention levels for the different parts of the database are automatically assigned
■
■
■
■
NetBackup can continue to use custom scripts to perform database backups.
The administrator must know how to configure
RMAN scripts.
The administrator must set the retention levels for the different parts of the database correctly.
The administrator must ensure that a snapshot of the proxy data is created.
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Table 7-5
Differences in Oracle snapshot policy setup (continued)
Configuration Oracle Intelligent Policy
Schedules
Backups
Script- or template-based Oracle policy
The administrator configures only one schedule that backs up all parts of the database and sets the correct retention automatically.
The administrator must configure two schedules with two retentions:
■
The Archived Redo Log schedule is not supported with a snapshot backup.
■
One Full Backup schedule to back up the snapshot (proxy) data part of the database.
One Application Backup schedule to back up the stream-based part of the Oracle database.
The Archived Redo Log schedule is available with a configured script.
User-directed backups are not supported. To attempt a user-directed backup (results in a status
240 (no schedules of the correct type exist in this policy).
User-directed backups are supported.
Load balancing RAC load balancing is not supported.
RAC load balancing is supported.
Configuring an Oracle Intelligent Policy
Use the following procedure to configure an Oracle snapshot policy that uses
Replication Director. This procedure uses the Oracle Intelligent Policy, which makes configuration easier.
Only those policy options that are necessary to configure Replication Director are listed in the following procedure. For descriptions of all policy options, see the
NetBackup Administrator's Guide, Volume I or the online Help.
To create an Oracle Intelligent Policy
1 In the NetBackup Administration Console, in the left pane, expand
NetBackup Management > Policies.
2 On the Actions menu, click New > New Policy.
3 Type a unique name for the new policy in the Add a New Policy dialog box and click OK.
Do not use the Policy Configuration Wizard to configure a policy for
Replication Director.
4 Select the Attributes tab. The following items are specific to creating an Oracle policy for snapshots with Replication Director:
■
Policy type
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■
■
For NetBackup to perform Oracle backups, select Oracle. An Oracle tab appears.
Policy storage
Oracle combines snapshots (proxy) and stream-based backups as part of the same backup. The storage indicated here is used for the stream-based part of the Replication Director backup.
Select a storage lifecycle policy that is configured to contain the stream-based (non-snapshot) part of the database backup. The storage must use a storage lifecycle policy that is configured for non-snapshot backups.
Use Replication Director
Enable Use Replication Director to automatically select other options that
Replication Director requires:
■
Perform snapshot backups: Ensures that the policy creates snapshots of the disk array.
■
■
Retain snapshots for Instant Recovery or SLP management: Ensures that the policy retains the snapshot after the backup completes.
Options button
Snapshot
Type
■
■
■
■
Auto (default): The OpenStorage partner uses the best snapshot technology available to that partner to create the snapshot.
Differential: The OpenStorage partner creates a snapshot that is completely dependent on the source. This parameter is based on copy-on-write technology. The device creates a cache object to maintain the original blocks of the snapshot when the blocks are modified.
Plex: The OpenStorage Partner creates a snapshot that is completely independent of the source snapshot. This option is based on mirror-break-off technology. When a mirror device is attached to the source, the contents of the mirror device is exactly the same as the source device. When the relationship is broken between the two, the mirror device is separated from the source. The mirror device acts as a point-in-time copy.
Clone: The OpenStorage Partner creates an independent copy of the volume. The copy process can take some time as the entire copy must be complete. The snapshot that is created is independent of the source.
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Maximum
Snapshots
Sets the maximum number of Instant Recovery snapshots to be retained at one time.
The default setting is one. Choose the number of snapshots that is appropriate for your environment. Note that the maximum number of snapshots on a NetApp volume is 255.
When the maximum is reached, snapshot rotation occurs: The next snapshot causes the oldest to be deleted.
Managed by SLP retention is automatically selected if the Fixed or the Expire after Copy retention is currently selected in the
SLP.
5 Select the Schedules tab. Create one schedule:
■
Type of backup: Select Full Backup. The Full Backup is used for both the snapshot (proxy) part of the database and the non-snapshot
(stream-based) part of the Oracle database.
The Oracle Intelligent Policy does not support the snapshot of an Archived
Redo Log Backup. To take a snapshot of the archived redo logs, use the script- or template-based Oracle policy method.
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Note:
Unless creating Block Level Incremental (BLI) backups, always select
Full Backup to create snapshots of the Oracle database.
■
■
Override policy storage selection: Enable and select the SLP that is configured for snapshot replication. (A snapshot SLP is one in which the first operation is a snapshot operation.) This option must be enabled so that the schedule storage overrides the policy storage with a snapshot SLP.
Retention: The retention for the streamed data is based on the non-snapshot SLP that was indicated as the Policy storage in Step
■
■
The non-snapshot SLP specified on the policy storage in Step
determines the retention for the streamed data.
The snapshot SLP that is specified as the schedule storage (Override
policy storage selection) determines the retention for the snapshot data.
Click OK to save the schedule.
6
Select the Instances tab and specify the instances to back up. The policy must include at least one instance. To continue to use the Oracle Intelligent Policy method, select either Select instances or Select instance groups.
Oracle Intelligent Policy method
Script- or template-based
Oracle policy method
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7 Select the Backup Selections tab. Select the parts of the database to back up. Note that the selection applies to all listed instances.
The following can be selected for the policies that use Replication Director:
■
■
■
■
Whole database: Backs up the entire database (default).
Partial database - Tablespaces: Backs up the tablespaces.
Partial database - Datafiles: Backs up the data files.
Fast Recovery Area - FRA: Do not select for a policy that uses Replication
Director.
Note: If you back up the partial database, and later want to perform a
Point-in-time rollback restore, make sure that you select all of the tablespaces or datafiles from a partition in the Backup Selections.
For copy-back restores, this is not a requirement.
8 Select the Oracle tab to configure Oracle RMAN properties.
9 When the policy configuration is complete, click OK.
Configuring a script- or template-based Oracle policy
Use the following procedure to configure an Oracle snapshot policy that uses
Replication Director. This procedure uses an Oracle policy type, but does not automatically generate the necessary scripts. It allows the administrator to use custom scripts and templates.
Only those policy options that are necessary to configure Replication Director are listed in the following procedure. For descriptions of all policy options, see the
NetBackup Administrator's Guide, Volume I or the online Help. For Oracle-specific information, see the NetBackup for Oracle Administrator’s Guide .
To create a script- or template-based Oracle policy
1 In the NetBackup Administration Console, in the left pane, expand
NetBackup Management > Policies.
2 On the Actions menu, click New > New Policy.
3 Type a unique name for the new policy in the Add a New Policy dialog box and click OK.
Do not use the Policy Configuration Wizard to configure a policy for
Replication Director.
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4 Select the Attributes tab. The following items are specific to creating an Oracle policy for snapshots with Replication Director:
■
■
■
Policy type
For NetBackup to perform Oracle backups, select Oracle. An Oracle tab appears.
Policy storage
Oracle combines snapshots (proxy) and stream-based backups as part of the same backup. The storage that is indicated here is used for the stream-based part of the Replication Director backup.
Select the storage that is configured to contain the stream-based
(non-snapshot) part of the database backup. The storage can be either a storage lifecycle policy that is configured for non-snapshot backups, or a disk or Media Manager unit.
Use Replication Director
Enable Use Replication Director to automatically select other options that
Replication Director requires:
■
Perform snapshot backups: Ensures that the policy creates snapshots of the disk array.
■
■
Retain snapshots for Instant Recovery or SLP management: Ensures that the policy retains the snapshot after the backup completes.
Options button
Snapshot
Type
■
■
■
■
Auto (default): The OpenStorage partner uses the best snapshot technology available to that partner to create the snapshot.
Differential: The OpenStorage partner creates a snapshot that is completely dependent on the source. This parameter is based on copy-on-write technology. The device creates a cache object to maintain the original blocks of the snapshot when the blocks are modified.
Plex: The OpenStorage Partner creates a snapshot that is completely independent of the source snapshot. This option is based on mirror-break-off technology. When a mirror device is attached to the source, the contents of the mirror device is exactly the same as the source device. When the relationship is broken between the two, the mirror device is separated from the source. The mirror device acts as a point-in-time copy.
Clone: The OpenStorage Partner creates an independent copy of the volume. The copy process can take some time as the entire copy must be complete. The snapshot that is created is independent of the source.
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Maximum
Snapshots
Sets the maximum number of Instant Recovery snapshots to be retained at one time.
The default setting is one. Choose the number of snapshots that is appropriate for your environment. Note that the maximum number of snapshots on a NetApp volume is 255.
When the maximum is reached, snapshot rotation occurs: The next snapshot causes the oldest to be deleted.
Managed by SLP retention is automatically selected if the Fixed or the Expire after Copy retention is currently selected in the
SLP.
5 Select the Instances tab and specify the instances to back up. Select Select
clients for use with scripts and templates. If either of the other two are selected, the Oracle Intelligent Policy is used and the scripts are created automatically.
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Oracle Intelligent Policy method
Script- or template-based
Oracle policy method
After selecting the Select clients for use with scripts and templates option, a message appears that describes the effect of this choice:
■
■
■
Existing selections (if any) for this policy are erased.
The Oracle tab is removed from this policy.
Another effect is that the Selections tab turns into the Clients tab.
Click Yes to continue Oracle policy configuration.
6 Click Yes to save and close the entire policy.
7
In the NetBackup Administration Console, select the policy and click the refresh button in the toolbar.
8 Re-open the policy and select the Schedules tab.
Modify the Default-Application-Backup schedule:
■
Override policy storage selection: Enable and select a non-snapshot storage unit or a non-snapshot SLP. This is most likely the storage unit that
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176
■ is specified on the Attributes tab. Indicating it here makes the selection explicit.
Retention: The policy or SLP indicates the retention for the backup:
■
When the storage is an SLP, the SLP determines the retention and no selection is possible here.
■
When the storage is not an SLP, the schedule determines the retention and a selection is possible here.
Click OK to save the schedule.
Create one Full Backup schedule:
■
Name the schedule.
■
Type of backup: Select Full Backup.
Note: Unless creating Block Level Incremental (BLI) backups, always select
Full Backup to create snapshots of the Oracle database.
■
■
Override policy storage selection: Enable and select the SLP that is configured for snapshot replication.
Retention: The SLP indicates the retention for the backup.
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9 Configure the schedule in the Start Window tab and the Exclude Days tab.
Click OK to save and close the schedule.
10 Select the Clients tab. By default, the Select clients for use with scripts or
templates option is selected for this script- or template-based Oracle policy.
11
Add the client name(s) that contain the Oracle database and indicate the operating system of each.
12 Select the Backup Selections tab. Specify the script or the template that
NetBackup should use. Indicate only one script or one template.
13
When the policy configuration is complete, click OK.
Chapter
8
Troubleshooting
This chapter includes the following topics:
■
About troubleshooting NetBackup for Oracle
■
About NetBackup for Oracle troubleshooting steps
■
NetBackup debug logs and reports
■
Enabling the debug logs for NetBackup for Oracle (Windows)
■
Enabling the debug logs for a NetBackup for Oracle for UNIX client
■
About the NetBackup for Oracle log files
■
Setting the debug level on a NetBackup for Oracle Windows client
■
■
■
Troubleshooting RMAN backup or restore errors
■
Troubleshooting the UNIX browser interface and wizards
■
Troubleshooting NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client
■
Minimizing timeout failures on large database restores
■
Minimizing loading and unloading of tapes for database backups for Windows and UNIX
■
Delays in completion of backup jobs
Troubleshooting
About troubleshooting NetBackup for Oracle
179
About troubleshooting NetBackup for Oracle
NetBackup, NetBackup for Oracle, and the Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN) all provide reports on database backup, archive, and restore operations. These reports are useful for finding the errors that are associated with those applications.
For more information about debug logs and reports, refer to the NetBackup
Administrator's Guide, Volume I .
About NetBackup for Oracle troubleshooting steps
When troubleshooting NetBackup for Oracle problems, the following items are referred to as the API:
■
On UNIX, the libobk module is called the API. Many media manager vendors also call the libobk module DMO (Database Module).
■
On Windows, orasbt.dll
is called the API.
To perform this procedure, ensure that NetBackup 7.6 is properly installed and configured:
Troubleshooting
About NetBackup for Oracle troubleshooting steps
180
To perform general troubleshooting steps
1
When verifying your installation, ensure that the NetBackup for Oracle binaries exist.
On UNIX, these are located in
/usr/openv/netbackup/bin
.
The binaries are as follows:
On Windows:
install_path\NetBackup\bin\bphdb.exe
On UNIX: bphdb
The binary resides on the client and both the
NetBackup scheduler and the graphical interface uses the binary to start backups.
The main purpose of bphdb is to run an
Oracle Intelligent Policy or a template or a shell script that calls rman, bporaexp, or bporaimp
.
On Windows: c:\Windows\System32\orasbt.dll
Provides the functions that RMAN can call.
On UNIX: libobk A shared library module that contains the functions that RMAN can call. This library is loaded when RMAN is started. The name of this binary depends on the operating system.
See
“About linking Oracle RMAN with
on page 39.
2 For the Backup, Archive, and Restore interface and the Oracle Intelligent Policy, verify that the following binaries exist.
On Windows:
install_path\NetBackup\bin\bpdbsbora.exe
On Windows:
install_path\NetBackup\bin\bpubsora.exe
On Windows:
install_path\NetBackup\bin\dbsbrman.dll
On UNIX:
/usr/openv/netbackup/bin/bpdbsbora
On UNIX:
/usr/openv/netbackup/bin/bpubsora
On UNIX:
/usr/openv/lib/libdbsbrman.so
( libdbsbrman.sl
on HP-UX)
3
Check that both the NetBackup server and client software work properly. That is, check that normal operating system files can be backed up and restored from the client. The NetBackup client must be running the same version of software as the NetBackup server.
4 The logs can become very large, especially bpdbm
. Ensure that enough free disk space exists in the log directory disk partition.
Troubleshooting
NetBackup debug logs and reports
181
5 Check that the following NetBackup log directories exist:
■
■
■
On the UNIX client: bpdbsbora
, bporaexp
(or boraexp64
), bporaimp
(or boraimp64
), bpubsora
, dbclient
, bphdb
, bpfis
, and bpcd
. These directories must have
777 permissions.
On the Windows client: bpdbsbora
, bporaexp
, bporaimp
, bpubsora
, dbclient
, bphdb
, bpfis
, bplist
, and bpcd
.
On the master server: bprd and bpdbm
.
■
On the host with the storage unit: bpbrm and bptm
.
The
VERBOSE level must be 5.
6
On UNIX, confirm the
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs/user_ops directory and the subdirectories have 777 permissions. They must exist and be accessible for the applications to operate correctly.
See
“Permissions for NetBackup for Oracle log files”
on page 50.
NetBackup debug logs and reports
The NetBackup server and client software let you enable detailed debugging logs.
The information in these log files can help you troubleshoot the problems that occur outside of either the database agent or RMAN.
Note the following with regard to these logs:
■
These logs do not reveal the errors that occur when RMAN is running unless those errors also affect NetBackup. Oracle may (or may not) write errors in the application to the NetBackup logs. Your best sources for Oracle error information are the logs provided by Oracle.
■
Generally, each debug log corresponds to a NetBackup process and executable.
However, for an RMAN backup, the debug log is created in the dbclient directory, which has no corresponding executable.
More detailed information about the debug log files is available.
See the NetBackup Troubleshooting Guide .
Also refer to the following file:
Windows: install_path\NetBackup\logs\README.debug file
UNIX: /usr/openv/netbackup/logs/README.debug file
NetBackup provides other reports that are useful in isolating problems. One such report is All Logs Entries on the server. Information on server reports is available.
Troubleshooting
Enabling the debug logs for NetBackup for Oracle (Windows)
182
See the NetBackup Administrator’s Guide, Volume I .
Enabling the debug logs for NetBackup for Oracle
(Windows)
You can enable debug logging by running a batch file that creates each log directory.
To create all log file directories automatically, run the following:
install_path\NetBackup\logs\mklogdir.bat
Or, you can manually create the directories for the log files you want created.
Creating the NetBackup for Oracle for Windows database agent logs manually
1
Create the following directories on the client in a DOS window:
install_path\NetBackup\logs\bpbackup
install_path\NetBackup\logs\bpbkar32
install_path\NetBackup\logs\bpdbsbora
install_path\NetBackup\logs\bpubsora
install_path\NetBackup\logs\bphdb
install_path\NetBackup\logs\bporaexp
install_path\NetBackup\logs\bporaimp
install_path\NetBackup\logs\bprestore
install_path\NetBackup\logs\tar32
install_path\NetBackup\logs\dbclient
For example: cd install_path\NetBackup\logs
mkdir bphdb
2
Make sure there is share access to the log directories.
3 Enable logging for the nbpem
, nbjm
, and nbrb scheduling processes, which use unified logging.
NetBackup writes unified logs to
install_path\NetBackup\logs
.
You do not need to create log directories for the processes that use unified logging. For information on how to use logs and reports, see the NetBackup
Troubleshooting Guide .
Troubleshooting
Enabling the debug logs for a NetBackup for Oracle for UNIX client
183
Enabling the debug logs for a NetBackup for Oracle for UNIX client
Enabling the NetBackup for Oracle database agent logs manually
1 Create the following directories on the client:
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs/bpbackup
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs/bpbkar
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs/bpdbsbora
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs/bpubsora
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs/bphdb
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs/bporaexp
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs/bporaimp
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs/bprestore
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs/tar
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs/dbclient chmod 777 /usr/openv/netbackup/logs/dbclient
For example:
cd /usr/openv/netbackup/logs mkdir bphdb
2
The user_ops
, each of the log directories, and any subdirectories should have
777 permissions. They must exist and be accessible for the applications to operate correctly.
For example:
chmod 777 bphdb
See
“Permissions for NetBackup for Oracle log files”
on page 50.
3 Enable logging for the nbpem
, nbjm
, and nbrb scheduling processes that use unified logging.
NetBackup writes unified logs to
/usr/openv/logs
.
You do not need to create log directories for processes that use unified logging.
Information on how to use logs and reports is available.
See the NetBackup Troubleshooting Guide .
Troubleshooting
About the NetBackup for Oracle log files
184
About the NetBackup for Oracle log files
describes the logs that are created when you create the log directories.
Use a text editor to view the contents of the logs.
The log are located in the following directories:
UNIX:
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs/<cmd>
Windows:
install_path\NetBackup\logs\<cmd>
For example, the logs for bphdb all appear in the
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs/bphdb directory (UNIX) or the
install_path\NetBackup\logs\bphdb directory (Windows).
Log directory bphdb dbclient
Table 8-1 Log files
Description
The bphdb directory contains the following types of logs:
■
■
■
UNIX: obk_stdout.mmddyy
Windows: obk_stdout.mmddyy.hhmmss.txt
Unless it is redirected elsewhere, NetBackup writes template or shell script output to this file.
UNIX: obk_stderr.mmddyy
Windows: obk_stderr.mmddyy.hhmmss.txt
Unless it is redirected elsewhere, NetBackup writes template or shell script errors to this file.
UNIX: log.mmddyy
Windows: mmddyy.log
This log contains debugging information for the bphdb process. bphdb is the
NetBackup database backup binary. It is invoked when an automatic backup schedule is run. NetBackup for Oracle uses this client process for template or shell script execution.
The dbclient directory contains the following execution log:
■
■
UNIX: log.mmddyy
Windows: mmddyy.log
This log contains debugging information and execution status for the Oracle for
NetBackup client processes.
On UNIX, this library program is libobk.
On Windows, the processes are linked to the library program that is provided with
NetBackup for Oracle.
Troubleshooting
Setting the debug level on a NetBackup for Oracle Windows client
185
Log directory bpdbsbora bporaexp64 bporaimp64
Table 8-1
Log files (continued)
Description
The bpdbsbora directory contains the following execution log:
■
■
UNIX: log.mmddyy
Windows: mmddyy.log
This log contains debugging information and execution status for the NetBackup for
Oracle backup and recovery wizards and for the bpdbsbora command line utility. This log also contains the debugging information and execution status information that is generated when an Oracle template is run from an automatic schedule (when bphdb invokes bpdbsbora to run the template).
The bporaexp (or bporaexp64 on UNIX) directory contains the following execution log:
■
■
UNIX: log.mmddyy.log
Windows: mmddyy.log
The bporaimp (or bporaimp64 on UNIX) directory contains the following execution log:
■
■
UNIX: log.mmddyy
Windows: mmddyy.log
Setting the debug level on a NetBackup for Oracle
Windows client
To control the amount of information that is written to the debug logs, change the
Database debug level. Typically, the default value of 0 is sufficient. However, technical support may ask you to set the value higher to analyze a problem.
The debug logs are located in
install_path\NetBackup\logs
.
To change the amount of debug information in other log directories, set the other debug levels. For instance, Verbose.
To set the debug level on a NetBackup for Oracle for Windows client
1
From the Windows Start menu, choose Programs > Symantec NetBackup
> Backup, Archive, and Restore.
2 Select File > NetBackup Client Properties.
3
Click the Troubleshooting tab.
4 Set the Database debug level.
Troubleshooting
Setting the debug level on a NetBackup for SAP UNIX/Linux clientSetting the debug level on a UNIX client
186
5 Click OK to save your changes.
6
Stop and start the Oracle database services. This action is necessary for orasbt.dll
to pick up the new debug level.
Setting the debug level on a NetBackup for SAP
UNIX/Linux clientSetting the debug level on a UNIX client
To control the amount of information that is written to the debug logs, change the
“Database” debug level. Typically, the default value of 0 is sufficient. However,
Technical Support may ask you to set the value higher to analyze a problem.
The debug logs are located in
/user/openv/netbackup/logs
.
To set the debug level on a UNIX client
◆ Enter the following line in the bp.conf
file.
VERBOSE = X
Where X is the debug level you want.
About RMAN utility logs
RMAN uses a command language interpreter, and it can be run in interactive or batch mode. You can use the following syntax to specify a log file on the command line to record significant RMAN actions: msglog ‘logfile_name’
Troubleshooting RMAN backup or restore errors
An RMAN backup error can originate from NetBackup or from Oracle, as follows:
■
On the NetBackup side, an error can be from the API, from the NetBackup server or client, or from Media Manager.
■
On the Oracle side, an error can be from RMAN or from the target database instance.
Symantec suggests that you use the following steps when troubleshooting a failed operation:
■
Check the logs to determine the source of the error.
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting RMAN backup or restore errors
187
■
Troubleshoot each stage of the backup or restore.
Verifying the RMAN script on UNIX
The following procedure describes how to verify that the RMAN script works correctly.
To verify the RMAN script
1 Use RMAN to make a backup directly to disk. Do not use NetBackup.
2 Use RMAN with NetBackup to create a backup.
3 Check the
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs/dbclient directory permissions.
They should be set to
777
.
4 Look for a log file in
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs/dbclient
If no log file exists, libobk is not linked into Oracle properly.
See
“Testing configuration settings for NetBackup for Oracle”
on page 102.
Troubleshooting each stage of the backup or restore
The following explains the sequence of events for an action initiated by RMAN and suggests solutions for the problems that can occur at each point in the sequence:
■ rman starts.
A backup or restore can be started in any of the following ways:
■
From an RMAN backup or restore initiated from the operating system prompt such as: rman target user/pwd[@TNS_alias] \ rcvcat user/pwd[@TNS_alias]\ cmdfile RMAN_script_file_name
■
Where the RMAN_script_file_name is fully qualified.
Using a template that runs from the NetBackup client interface or from bpdbsbora
.
■
■
Manually from the administrator interface on the master server.
Automatically by an automatic backup schedule.
If an error occurs now, check the RMAN log.
■
RMAN verifies its environment and then issues requests to the API.
On Windows, some information, such as the NetBackup version, API versions, and trace file name, is registered with RMAN. An error now is usually due to a
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting RMAN backup or restore errors
188
■ problem with client and server communication. Check the messages in the bprd and the bpcd logs for clues.
On UNIX, some information, such as the NetBackup version, API versions, trace file name, and NetBackup signal handlers, is registered with RMAN. An error now is usually due to a problem with client and server communication. Check the messages in the bprd and the bpcd logs for clues. Also verify the bp.conf
entries on the client.
RMAN issues a backup or restore request.
The API gathers necessary parameters and sends the backup or restore request to the NetBackup server. The API waits until both the server and client are ready to transfer data before it returns to the request.
The API then sends this information to the master server’s bprd process.
To troubleshoot a problem in this part of the first sequence, examine the following file:
On Windows: install_path\NetBackup\logs\dbclient\mmddyy.log
On UNIX: /usr/openv/netbackup/logs/dbclient/log.mmddyy
If the bprd process failed, check the logs for bprd and bpbrm
.
A failure now is frequently due to bad NetBackup server or Oracle policy configuration parameters.
NetBackup can usually select the correct Oracle policy and schedules. But
NetBackup can select a policy or schedule in error if there are several Oracle policies in its database.
On Windows, try setting the
SERVER and
NB_ORA_POLICY values in the client environment.
On UNIX, try setting the
SERVER and
POLICY values in the bp.conf
file on the client or by setting environment variables.
For example, the following C Shell setenv commands specify the Oracle policy, schedule, and server for NetBackup to use: setenv NB_ORA_POLICY policyname setenv NB_ORA_SCHED application_backup_schedule_name setenv NB_ORA_SERV NetBackup_server
■
■
RMAN issues read or write requests to the API, which then transfers data to or from the NetBackup server.
A failure here is probably due to NetBackup media, network, or timeout errors.
RMAN tells the API to close the session.
The API waits for the server to complete its necessary actions (for example, it verifies the backup image) and then exits.
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting the UNIX browser interface and wizards
189
An error can originate from either NetBackup or RMAN, as follows:
■
■
RMAN aborts if it encounters an error while it reads a data file during the backup (for example, if Oracle blocks are out of sequence). It also aborts if
NetBackup sends a bad backup image during the restore.
NetBackup might return an error code to the API if for some reason it could not complete the backup successfully.
Troubleshooting the UNIX browser interface and wizards
If you do not see the Oracle instance in your Backup, Archive, and Restore interface, verify the following:
■
A NetBackup for Oracle license is installed on the master server.
■
For browsing in the restore window, the policy type must be set to Oracle.
Perform the following actions to change the client policy type:
■
On the Actions menu, select Specify NetBackup Machines and Policy
type.
■
In the Policy type drop-down list, select Oracle.
■
Click OK.
On Windows, to change the client policy type:
■
On the File menu, select Specify NetBackup Machines and Policy Type.
■
■
On the Specify NetBackup Machines dialog, click the Clients/Policy Type tab.
In the Policy Type drop-down list, select Oracle.
■
Click OK.
■
On UNIX, the oratab file is in the correct location (
/etc/oratab or
/var/opt/oracle/oratab
) and contains all of the available Oracle SIDs.
Although Oracle allows the use of wild cards in the oratab file, the NetBackup
BAR GUI requires that each SID be specified.
If you have trouble connecting to the Oracle database, verify the following:
■
■
Make sure that the database is in a mount state or an open state.
Make sure that your login ID and password have Oracle SYSDBA privileges.
Initially, NetBackup for Oracle attempts OS Authentication to log on. If that fails, you are prompted for a user name, password, and an optional Transparent
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client
190
Network Substrate (TNS) alias. The user name and password you enter must have SYSDBA privileges.
■
In a clustered environment, failure to connect to the database can mean a problem with the network configuration. The browser must connect locally.
However, in some environments, all connections are considered to be remote connections, even a connection to a local database. This behavior is true for example in an Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) environment. In such cases, you must make the connection using a TNS alias.
In a Linux environment, Oracle backups and restores fail if the Linux logon is not the Oracle user. In such cases, Oracle generates the following message:
INF - ORA-19554: error allocating device, device type: SBT_TAPE, device name:
INF - ORA-27211: Failed to load Media Management Library
If you want to start an Oracle job as someone other than an Oracle user, augment the default shared library search path. Use the Linux ldconfig
(8) command to add
$ORACLE_HOME/lib to the search path.
Troubleshooting NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot
Client
Debug logs used for troubleshooting the problems that occur with NetBackup and
NetBackup for Oracle have been discussed in previous areas. In addition to those logs, there are debug logs used for troubleshooting NetBackup for Oracle with
Snapshot Client.
Snapshot Client backup and debug messages are written to the following subdirectories of:
UNIX: /usr/openv/netbackup/logs/
Windows: install_path\NetBackup\logs
The logs are as follows:
■
The bpbrm log is on the NetBackup media server.
■
■
The bptm/bpdm log is on the NetBackup media server.
The bpbkar log is on the NetBackup client and alternate client.
■
■
The bpfis log is on the NetBackup client and alternate client.
The bppfi log is on the NetBackup client or alternate client.
Troubleshooting
Minimizing timeout failures on large database restores
191
Snapshot Client restore and debug messages are written to the following subdirectories on the NetBackup master server:
■
■
The bprestore is almost always a client log on the NetBackup host that initiated the restore by using the bprestore command.
The bprd is on the NetBackup master server.
■
■
The bpbrm is on the NetBackup master server.
The bptm/bpdm is on the NetBackup media server. Both the tape and the disk backup log to bptm
, disk backups also log to bpdm
.
The tar is on the NetBackup client or redirected client.
■
Additional help for troubleshooting most installation and other issues is available in the NetBackup Snapshot Client Administrator's Guide .
See
“About NetBackup for Oracle troubleshooting steps”
on page 179.
Minimizing timeout failures on large database restores
Large database restores sometimes fail when multiple restore sessions compete for resources. In this situation, a restore session can be delayed while waiting for media or device access. If the delay is too long, the restore session times out. Use the following procedure to minimize session timeouts and to allow the restores to complete successfully.
To minimize timeout failures on large database restores
1 In the NetBackup Administration Console, expand NetBackup Management
> Host Properties > Clients
2 Set the Client read timeout property to a large value.
The default for the Client read timeout setting is 300 seconds (5 minutes).
For database agent clients, increase the value significantly from the recommended value.
See the NetBackup Administrator’s Guide, Volume 1 .
For example, change this setting to 30-60 minutes to minimize timeout errors.
3 Click OK for each client.
Note:
This change may delay detecting problems during subsequent backups.
Consider putting the original value back in place once any restore that requires a change is complete.
Troubleshooting
Minimizing loading and unloading of tapes for database backups for Windows and UNIX
192
Minimizing loading and unloading of tapes for database backups for Windows and UNIX
You can minimize excessive unloading and reloading of tapes between multistreamed database backups by making changes on the NetBackup media server.
To minimize loading and unloading of tapes
1
For UNIX, in the
/usr/openv/netbackup/bp.conf
file on the NetBackup media server, add the following options:
■
MEDIA_UNMOUNT_DELAY
.
■ MEDIA_REQUEST_DELAY
. Use this variable only with non-robotic drives, such as tape stackers.
See the NetBackup Administration Guide, Volume 1 for details.
2 For Windows, add the options in the WIndows registry.
Select Host Properties > Media Servers (select media server) > Media.
Delays in completion of backup jobs
Sometimes you may see a NetBackup for Oracle backup job complete the data transfer but appear to hang before the job completes. The delay may be due to one of the following:
■
■
Network issues
Storage transfer delays
■
NetBackup server post-backup processing
To determine the cause of the delay, refer to the following article: http://www.symantec.com/docs/TECH198864
Appendix
A
Real Application Clusters
This appendix includes the following topics:
■
About Real Application Clusters
■
About virtual names and NetBackup for Oracle
■
■
■
Example of restoring a database
■
Troubleshooting database restores (UNIX and Linux)
■
About Real Application Clusters
In a Real Application Clusters (RAC) environment, many Oracle instances exist on separate servers, each with direct connectivity to a single Oracle database. All the servers can run transactions concurrently against the same database. Should any single server or instance fail, processing continues on the surviving servers.
RAC supports all Oracle backup features that are available in exclusive mode, including online backups and offline backups of an entire database or individual tablespaces.
About virtual names and NetBackup for Oracle
A virtual name is a network host name resource (mapped to an IP address) that is associated with an application. If it is possible, use virtual names for the clients.
When you use a virtual name for the client, you can specify a single client name
Real Application Clusters
About RAC archiving schemes
194 for all of the Oracle backups. This action lets NetBackup perform a restore to any physical node.
Warning:
Do not use a single virtual client name if the backup is load balanced across more than one node. In a load-balanced configuration, the node that hosts the IP address to which the virtual name resolves, generates successful backups, but the jobs originating from the other nodes fail with status code 54.
If a virtual client name is not used, a regular restore can be performed only from the node that is associated to the client name that is specified on the backup.
Another possible solution in this environment is to use an alternate client restore.
Oracle 11g R2 Grid Infrastructure (CRS) includes the Single Client Access Name
(SCAN) feature. A single host name can resolve to multiple IP addresses each assigned to a different physical node in the cluster.
If a SCAN host name is used in a NetBackup policy that receives the Application
Backup request, this abstraction of the client name causes backup and restore jobs to fail with status code 54. Also, the client side fails with status code 6 (backup) or status code 5 (restore).
Ensure that the client that appears in the NetBackup Oracle policy is not a SCAN.
Also, ensure that any NB_ORA_CLIENT or CLIENT_NAME that the node provides in the backup request is not a SCAN. These names must resolve on both the master server and the media server to an IP address that allows the server processes to connect to the node where the request originated
About RAC archiving schemes
The preferred RAC configuration uses a cluster file system archiving scheme. In this scheme, each node writes to a single Cluster File System (CFS) archived log destination and can read the archived log files of the other nodes.
depicts a CFS archiving scheme.
Real Application Clusters
About RAC archiving schemes
195
Figure A-1
CFS archiving scheme
CFS archive destination
Node 1
Database data files
Node 2
If the CFS solution is not available, Oracle recommends a scheme like that in
Figure A-2 . In Figure A-2 , each node archives to a local directory and writes a copy
to each of the other nodes’ archive directories. The locations are shared between the nodes (with read and write permissions) by NFS mounting the directory (UNIX) or sharing the locations (Windows).
describes non-CFS local archiving scheme with archive sharing.
Figure A-2
Real Application Clusters
About RAC archiving schemes
196
Non-CFS local archiving scheme with archive sharing
Archive destination
1
Archive destination
2
Archive destination
1
Archive destination
2
Database data files
Node 1
NFS mount or Shared location read and write access
Physically attached
Logically attached
Node 2
A scheme similar to the previous one exists if each node archives to a local directory, and the locations are shared (read-only) with the other nodes in the cluster. These locations are shared among the nodes by NFS-mounting the directory (UNIX) or sharing the locations (Windows). Therefore, each node can read each archive destination.
describes non-CFS local archiving scheme with archive read-only sharing.
Figure A-3
Real Application Clusters
About RAC archiving schemes
197
Non-CFS local archiving scheme with archive read-only sharing
Archive destination
1
Archive destination
2
Archive destination
1
Archive destination
2
Database data files
Node 1
NFS mount or Shared location read and write access
Physically attached
Logically attached
Node 2
The simplest archiving scheme is local archiving with no sharing. Each node writes only to the local destination, and no access is given to the other nodes in the cluster.
describes non-CFS local archiving scheme with no archive sharing.
Figure A-4
Non-CFS local archiving scheme with no archive sharing
Archive destination
1
Archive destination
2
Database data files
Node 1 Node 2
Real Application Clusters
About backing up a database
198
For more information about configuration and additional archiving scheme examples see your Oracle documentation.
About backing up a database
If you are in a RAC environment and you chose one of the archive log schemes that are described in the previous topic, you can perform a backup with typical
RMAN scripts.
In the following example, RMAN backs up the database, including all of the archive logs. This example assumes that the archive logs are accessible by each node in the cluster. If they are not, then the archive logs need to be backed up separately on each node.
Note:
This example works only if the backup is not load balanced across multiple nodes, because NB_ORA_CLIENT=$NB_ORA_CLIENT evaluates only to the node on which the RMAN script is executed.
RUN
{
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';
SEND 'NB_ORA_CLIENT=$NB_ORA_CLIENT,NB_ORA_SERV=$NB_ORA_SERV';
BACKUP
DATABASE; sql 'alter system archive log current';
RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';
SEND 'NB_ORA_CLIENT=$NB_ORA_CLIENT,NB_ORA_SERV=$NB_ORA_SERV';
BACKUP
ARCHIVELOG ALL ;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;
}
Example of restoring a database
Restoring the database from the nodes where the backup was performed is straightforward and identical to a typical RMAN restore.
In this example, all of the backup images to be restored must all be accessible via the client name saturn in the image database on the master server jupiter
.
Real Application Clusters
Troubleshooting database restores (UNIX and Linux)
199
The following example restores the entire database from any node:
RUN {
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';
SEND 'NB_ORA_CLIENT=saturn,NB_ORA_SERV=jupiter';
RESTORE
DATABASE;
RECOVER
DATABASE;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;
}
Note:
This example works only if the backup is not load balanced across multiple nodes, because NB_ORA_CLIENT=$NB_ORA_CLIENT evaluates only to the node on which the RMAN script is executed.
Troubleshooting database restores (UNIX and Linux)
An RMAN restore to one node of a cluster can fail with a status code 39 when the following situation is present:
■
The
NB_ORA_CLIENT environment variable is set to the virtual host name of the cluster.
■
The CLIENT_NAME variable in the user or the master bp.conf
file on the client is set to the virtual host name of the cluster.
To remedy this problem, set the CLIENT_NAME variable to the node name.
More information is available on restores and redirected restores.
See
“About NetBackup for Oracle restores”
on page 115.
About restoring archive logs
You can use the typical RMAN script to restore the archive logs under the following circumstances:
■
If the remote archived log destinations allow write access.
See
on page 196.
■
If the archive logs reside on a CFS.
See
on page 195.
Real Application Clusters
About restoring archive logs
200
In the examples that follow, the client is saturn and the server is jupiter. The names jupiter and saturn can be either the physical names or the virtual names of the nodes in the cluster.
The following example restores all of the archive logs:
RUN {
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';
SEND 'NB_ORA_CLIENT=saturn,NB_ORA_SERV=jupiter';
RESTORE
ARCHIVELOG ALL;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;
}
If the remote archive logs destinations do not allow write access, use a script such as the following to restore the archive logs:
RUN {
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';
SEND 'NB_ORA_CLIENT=saturn,NB_ORA_SERV=jupiter';
SET ARCHIVELOG DESTINATION TO <directory>;
RESTORE
ARCHIVELOG ALL;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;
} where <directory> is the directory into which you copied the archive logs.
Use a script like the preceding one if your configuration is like that shown in one of the following topics:
■
See
on page 197.
■
See
on page 197.
Appendix
B
Best practices for protecting Oracle RAC with
NetBackup
This appendix includes the following topics:
■
Oracle RAC with NetBackup best practices
■
About NetBackup for Oracle operations
■
Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP exists and backup is not load balanced
■
Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP exists and backup is load balanced
■
Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP is not available and backup is not load balanced
■
■
■
Image catalog configuration for RAC
Oracle RAC with NetBackup best practices
The Real Application Clusters (RAC) option allows multiple concurrent instances to share a single physical database. This section describes the methods that can be used to balance the backup load across multiple nodes of an Oracle RAC database.
Best practices for protecting Oracle RAC with NetBackup
About NetBackup for Oracle operations
202
Oracle database backup and recovery are more difficult as databases grow in size and greater demands on database availability limit the time to perform backups.
Often the backup time window is too short to accommodate a complete backup process by using only one backup node in the cluster. Database administrators need more efficient methods to complete these large backups in the allotted time.
For the Oracle RAC database, Oracle can split the backups into pieces and send them in parallel from multiple nodes, which shortens the processing time.
About NetBackup for Oracle operations
The following lists what occurs when you initiate RMAN:
■
The NetBackup Oracle policy can contain one or more client names and one or more backup scripts to execute.
Note:
Oracle 11g R2 Grid Infrastructure (CRS) includes the Single Client Access
Name (SCAN) feature. This feature allows a single host name to resolve to multiple IP addresses each assigned to a different physical node in a cluster.
Ensure that the client that appears in the NetBackup Oracle policy is not a SCAN.
Also, ensure that any NB_ORA_CLIENT or CLIENT_NAME provided by the dbclient host in the backup request is not a SCAN. These names must reliably resolve on both the master server and the media server to an IP address that allows the server processes to connect to the dbclient host from which the backup request originated
■
■
If the SCAN host name is used in a NetBackup policy, this abstraction of the client name leads to backup and restore jobs failing with status 54. The client side fails with status 6 (backup) or status 5 (restore).
The NetBackup master server uses the automatic schedules in the Oracle policy to determine when the scripts are run on the clients.
The NetBackup scheduler starts one Automatic Backup job for each client in the policy. The jobs can run concurrently. The scheduler executes each script on each client in the specified sequence. All the scripts for one client run in the same automatic job.
■
■
The backup scripts start RMAN.
If an automatic schedule and script do not exist in the policy, a process on the client can still initiate RMAN when necessary.
The following lists what occurs when RMAN requests the backup:
Best practices for protecting Oracle RAC with NetBackup
Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP exists and backup is not load balanced
203
■
■
■
RMAN connects to the appropriate Oracle instance(s) for the backup. Hence, the script may execute on one host, but the backup may take place on a different host.
RMAN allocates one or more channels according to the backup script.
RMAN sends one or more backup set pieces on each channel, in sequence.
■
■
■
Each channel interacts with NetBackup for Oracle and sends a user-directed backup request to the NetBackup master server for each backup set piece.
Each request becomes a separate NetBackup Application Backup job. Hence there can be one Application Backup job queued or active, concurrently, per allocated channel.
For the Application Backup jobs, by default the NetBackup master server selects the first policy it finds of type Oracle for this client. It also uses the first schedule of type Application Backup within the policy.
■
■
■
The NetBackup master server must be able to match the requesting client name to an Oracle policy and Application Backup schedule, or the job fails.
RMAN can send one or more of the variables NB_ORA_CLIENT,
NB_ORA_POLICY, and NB_ORA_SCHED to the NetBackup master to override the selected defaults for the job.
The following lists how NetBackup receives the data from RMAN:
■
The Application Backup jobs activate and the NetBackup media server processes connect to the provided client name to receive the data. Hence, the client name that is sent in the user-directed request must bring the data connection back to the requesting host.
RMAN sends the appropriate data on the appropriate channel, and the data is transferred to storage.
Note: Symantec recommends that you do not use the NetBackup for Oracle
Template Wizard to implement RAC backups. Templates do not provide the functionality that is needed to ensure that RMAN is started on only one host or that it handles load balancing across several hosts. Start RMAN by using a backup script or an Oracle launch mechanism.
Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP exists and backup is not load balanced
In this configuration, a failover vipname exists such that the NetBackup media server can always reach an available host to execute the backup script. Further, since
Best practices for protecting Oracle RAC with NetBackup
Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP exists and backup is not load balanced
204 load balancing is disabled, RMAN allocates the channels on a single host, typically the same host where the script executes.
The configuration is as follows:
■
Configure the policy to specify the failover vipname as the client name. The automatic schedule then runs the backup script on a host that is currently operational.
■
■
The backup script or an identical copy must be accessible to all hosts in the cluster. The clustered file system is a good location.
Configure the backup script so that RMAN provides to NetBackup the same client name, regardless of the active host. The failover vipname from the policy is ideal since that name is already in the policy. It floats to the active instance-host and ensures successful data transfer, and all the backups are stored under that single client name.
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ... ;
SEND 'NB_ORA_CLIENT=$NB_ORA_CLIENT';
BACKUP ... ;
■
You can also use the failover vipname from the policy instead of
$NB_ORA_CLIENT.
The NetBackup master server configuration must allow the physical host names access to all of the backup images.
cd /usr/openv/netbackup/db/altnames echo "hostname1" >> hostname1 echo "vipname1" >> hostname1 echo "hostname2" >> hostname1 echo "vipname2" >> hostname1 echo "failover_vipname" >> hostname1 cp hostname1 hostname2
■
If the client hosts use REQUIRED_INTERFACE or another means to force
NetBackup to use the IP addresses associated with the vipnames for the outbound user-directed backup requests, then also allow the vipnames to access all of the backup images.
cd /usr/openv/netbackup/db/altnames cp hostname1 vipname1 cp hostname1 vipname2
The backup script then runs on the active host that currently hosts the failover vipname
. RMAN allocates the channels on that host to perform the backup. The
Best practices for protecting Oracle RAC with NetBackup
Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP exists and backup is load balanced
205
Application Backup jobs queue to the failover vipname
, and the NetBackup media server connects back to the failover vipname for the data transfer. The backup images are stored under the failover vipname regardless of which host performed the backup. Restores can take place from either host as long as the restore request is configured to SEND 'NB_ORA_CLIENT=failover vipname
';
Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP exists and backup is load balanced
In this configuration, the NetBackup master server can always use the failover vipname to reach an active host to run the backup script. However, because RMAN allocates the channels on both hosts, the NetBackup media server must connect back to the correct host to obtain the data for each request. Hence, the backup images are stored under two different client names which also differ from the failover vipname that is used to execute the script.
■
■
■
■
Set up the policy to specify the failover vipname as the client name. Thus, the
Automatic schedule executes the backup script on a host that is currently operational.
The backup script or an identical copy must be accessible to all hosts in the cluster. The clustered file system is a good location.
Do not configure the backup script to send a single value for NB_ORA_CLIENT.
The NetBackup media server must connect back to the correct host, which depends on which host originated the user-directed backup request. Select one of the following three methods to accomplish this task:
Configure the backup to provide a host-specific client name with each backup request using one of the following three options:
■
Configure RMAN to bind specific channels to specific instances and send specific client names on each channel for backup image storage and for connect-back to the requesting host for the data transfer. Do not use the failover VIP name, because it is active on only one of the hosts.
ALLOCATE CHANNEL 1 ... PARMS='ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname1)' CONNECT='sys/passwd@vipname1';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL 2 ... PARMS='ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname2)' CONNECT='sys/passwd@vipname2';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL 3 ... PARMS='ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname1)' CONNECT='sys/passwd@vipname1';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL 4 ... PARMS='ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname2)' CONNECT='sys/passwd@vipname2';
Note: If one or more of these nodes are down, these allocation operations fail which causes the backup to fail.
Best practices for protecting Oracle RAC with NetBackup
Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP exists and backup is load balanced
206
■
Alternatively, configure Oracle to bind specific channels to specific hosts.
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' CONNECT 'sys/passwd@vipname1' PARMS
"ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname1)";
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' CONNECT 'sys/passwd@vipname2' PARMS
"ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname2)";
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 3 DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' CONNECT 'sys/passwd@vipname1' PARMS
"ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname1)";
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 4 DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' CONNECT 'sys/passwd@vipname2' PARMS
"ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname2)";
■
By default, the backup uses CLIENT_NAME from the bp.conf file which should be distinct for each host and is typically the physical host name.
■
Because CLIENT_NAME or NB_ORA_CLIENT values must differ from the failover vipname in the policy, the NetBackup master server cannot accept the user-directed backup request unless it implements one of the following options.
Option A: Modify the existing policy and the backup script to handle multiple client names.
■
Add both vipnames to the policy, in addition to the failover vipname
.
■
Modify the script so that it exits with status 0 if the client name is not the failover vipname
.
Option B: Alternatively, use a separate policy to accept the backup requests.
■
Create a second policy to receive the backup requests from RMAN.
■
Set the policy type to be Oracle.
■
■
■
■
Set the policy to contain the VIP, client, or host names as configured for
NB_ORA_CLIENT or CLIENT_NAME in the previous step.
The Application Backup schedule must have an open window to accept the backups.
The policy does not need a backup script or an automatic schedule.
Instead of the policy with the automatic schedule, configure the backup script to provide the name of this policy with each user-directed backup request:
ALLOCATE CHANNEL...PARMS='ENV=(NB_ORA_POLICY=<second_policy_name>)'; or
SEND 'NB_ORA_POLICY=<second_policy_name>';
■
The NetBackup master server configuration must allow the physical host names access to the backup images that are stored under the failover vipnames as follows:
Best practices for protecting Oracle RAC with NetBackup
Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP is not available and backup is not load balanced
207 cd /usr/openv/netbackup/db/altnames echo "failover_vipname" >> hostname1 echo "hostname1" >> hostname1 echo "vipname1" >> hostname1 echo "hostname2" >> hostname1 echo "vipname2" >> hostname1 cp hostname1 hostname2
■
If the client hosts use REQUIRED_INTERFACE or another means to force
NetBackup to use the IP addresses associated with the vipnames for the outbound user-directed backup requests, then also allow the vipnames to access all of the backup images.
cd /usr/openv/netbackup/db/altnames cp hostname1 vipname1 cp hostname1 vipname2
Option A: The NetBackup scheduler starts three automatic jobs, and each runs the backup script (two of them on the same host). The two executions of the backup script that receive the vipnames exit immediately with status 0 to avoid a redundant backup and any retries. The third execution of the backup script that receives the failover_vipname, starts RMAN. RMAN then sends the data for backup by using the appropriate client name for the instance-host. NetBackup stores the backup images under the initiating policy by using both client names.
Option B: The first policy runs the backup script by using the failover vipname
.
RMAN sends the name of the second policy and the configured client names for each channel with the user-directed request from each host. The second policy stores the backup images by using both client names.
Either client can initiate a restore. RMAN must be configured with 'SET
AUTOLOCATE ON;' to request the backup set pieces from the appropriate instance-host that performed the backup. Alternatively, you can restore from either host-instance if you configure each restore request to include the correct client name used at the time the backup set piece was transferred to storage.
SEND 'NB_ORA_CLIENT=client_name_used_by_backup'
Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP is not available and backup is not load balanced
In this configuration, hostname1 or vipname1 and hostname2 or vipname2 allow connections to the respective hosts in the cluster. You need a special configuration
Best practices for protecting Oracle RAC with NetBackup
Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP is not available and backup is not load balanced
208 to ensure that the backup script executes on at least one of the hosts but not on both hosts. Otherwise, a backup may not occur if the specified instance is down, or a redundant backup occurs if both of the specified instances are active.
For ease of discussion, the term primary refers to the instance on which the backup normally occurs and secondary refers to the other instance which may be used if the backup of the primary is unavailable. In addition, because the backup may occur on either host, the backup images have the potential to be stored under both client names depending on the host which is active at the time of the backup. The configuration is as follows:
■
The policy specifies client names for both hosts, either hostname1 and hostname2, or vipname1 and vipname2 to ensure that the backup is attempted on a host which is currently operational.
■
■
The backup script must be accessible to both hosts in the cluster, the clustered file system makes a good location.
The backup script should be customized so that it starts RMAN on exactly one of the clients. If executed on the primary, then start RMAN and perform the backup. If executed on the secondary and the primary is up, then exit with status
0 so that the NetBackup scheduler does not retry this client. If executed on the secondary and the primary is down, then start RMAN and perform the backup.
You can build the script customization around a tnsping to the primary or even a query of the database to see if the other instance is open and able to perform the backup.
$ select INST_ID,STATUS,STARTUP_TIME, HOST_NAME from gv$instance;
INST_ID STATUS STARTUP_T HOST_NAM
---------- ------------ --------- ---------
1 OPEN 13-JAN-09 vipname1
2 OPEN 13-JAN-09 vipname2
■
Each user-directed backup request must use a client name which allows the
NetBackup media server to connect back to the correct host for the data transfer.
By default, the backup uses the CLIENT_NAME from the bp.conf file which will be distinct for each host. A better solution is to configure RMAN to provide the appropriate client name from the policy as follows:
SEND 'NB_ORA_CLIENT=$NB_ORA_CLIENT';
■
Configure the NetBackup master server to give the physical host names access to all of the backup images.
Best practices for protecting Oracle RAC with NetBackup
Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP is not available, and backup is load balanced, one policy with custom script
209 cd /usr/openv/netbackup/db/altnames echo "hostname1" >> hostname1 echo "vipname1" >> hostname1 echo "hostname2" >> hostname1 echo "vipname2" >> hostname1 cp hostname1 hostname2
■
If REQUIRED_INTERFACE or another means is used on the client hosts to force NetBackup to use the IP addresses associated with the vip names for the outbound user-directed backup requests, then the NetBackup master configuration must be extended in the reverse direction.
cd /usr/openv/netbackup/db/altnames cp hostname1 vipname1 cp hostname1 vipname2
Either client can initiate a restore. RMAN must be configured with 'SET
AUTOLOCATE ON;' to request the backupset pieces from the appropriate instance-host that performed the backup. Alternatively, you can restore from either host-instance if you configure each restore request to include the correct client name that is used at the time the backupset piece was transferred to storage.
SEND 'NB_ORA_CLIENT=client_name_used_by_backup'
Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP is not available, and backup is load balanced, one policy with custom script
A load-balanced backup without a failover vipname must overcome the combined challenges of the preceding configurations. Because a failover vipname does not exist, the NetBackup scheduler must attempt to execute the backup script on both hosts and the script must start RMAN on only one of the hosts. Because RMAN may allocate channels on both instances, the user-directed requests must present host specific names so that the connect-back from the NetBackup media server is able to retrieve the data from the correct host.
■
The policy should specify both client names, either hostname1 and hostname2 or vipname1 and vipname2, to ensure that the backup script is executed on a host which is currently operational.
■
The backup script must be accessible to both hosts in the cluster. The clustered file system makes a good location.
Best practices for protecting Oracle RAC with NetBackup
Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP is not available, and backup is load balanced, one policy with custom script
210
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The backup script should be customized so that it starts RMAN on exactly one of the clients. If executed on the primary, then start RMAN and perform the backup. If executed on the secondary and the primary is up, then exit with status
0 so that the NetBackup scheduler does not retry this client. If executed on the secondary and the primary is down, then start RMAN and perform the backup.
The script customization could be built around a tnsping to the primary or even a query of the database to see if the other instance is open and able to perform the backup, e.g.
$ select INST_ID,STATUS,STARTUP_TIME, HOST_NAME from gv$instance;
INST_ID STATUS STARTUP_T HOST_NAM
---------- ------------ --------- ---------
1 OPEN 13-JAN-09 vipname1
2 OPEN 13-JAN-09 vipname2
■
■
The backup script must not be configured to send a single value for
NB_ORA_CLIENT because the NetBackup media server needs to connect back to the correct host depending on which host originated the user-directed backup request.
Configure the backup to provide a host specific client name with each backup request using one of the following three options:
■
Configure RMAN to bind specific channels to specific instances and send specific client names on each channel for backup image storage and for connect-back to the requesting host for the data transfer. Do not use the failover VIP name, because it is active on only one of the hosts.
ALLOCATE CHANNEL 1 ... PARMS='ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname1)' CONNECT='sys/passwd@vipname1';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL 2 ... PARMS='ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname2)' CONNECT='sys/passwd@vipname2';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL 3 ... PARMS='ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname1)' CONNECT='sys/passwd@vipname1';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL 4 ... PARMS='ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname2)' CONNECT='sys/passwd@vipname2';
Note: If one or more of these nodes are down, these allocation operations fail which causes the backup to fail.
■
Alternatively, configure Oracle to bind specific channels to specific hosts.
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' CONNECT 'sys/passwd@vipname1' PARMS
"ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname1)";
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' CONNECT 'sys/passwd@vipname2' PARMS
"ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname2)";
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 3 DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' CONNECT 'sys/passwd@vipname1' PARMS
Best practices for protecting Oracle RAC with NetBackup
Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP is not available, and backup is load balanced, one policy with custom script
211
"ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname1)";
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 4 DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' CONNECT 'sys/passwd@vipname2' PARMS
"ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname2)";
■
By default, the backup uses CLIENT_NAME from the bp.conf file which should be distinct for each host and is typically the physical hostname.
■
Configure the NetBackup master server to allow the physical host names access to all of the backup images.
cd /usr/opnv/netbackup/db/altnames echo "hostname1" >> hostname1 echo "vipname1" >> hostname1 echo "hostname2" >> hostname1 echo "vipname2" >> hostname1 cp hostname1 hostname2
■
If REQUIRED_INTERFACE or another means is used on the client hosts to force NetBackup to use the IP addresses associated with the vip names for the outbound user-directed backup requests, then the NetBackup master configuration must be extended in the reverse direction.
cd /usr/openv/netbackup/db/altnames cp hostname1 vipname1 cp hostname1 vipname2
The net result is that the backup script runs on all of the currently active hosts but only starts RMAN on one host. RMAN allocates channels across the hosts for load balancing. The user-directed backup requests include a NB_ORA_CLIENT or
CLIENT_NAME specific to the requesting host and which matches the policy. The connect-back for data transfer and the backup image are stored under that name.
Either client can initiate a restore and RMAN can be configured with 'SET
AUTOLOCATE ON;' to request the backupset pieces from the appropriate instance/host that performed the backup. Alternatively, restores can take place from either host or instance as long as the restore request is configured to specify the same client name as used at the time of the backup.
SEND 'NB_ORA_CLIENT=client_name_used_by_backup';
Best practices for protecting Oracle RAC with NetBackup
Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP is not available and backup is load balanced, simple script with manual policy failover
212
Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP is not available and backup is load balanced, simple script with manual policy failover
Some implementations of RAC (Linux/Windows) do not include a failover VIP. On sites which do not need a robust backup script that determines the active instance in realtime, use the following configuration to manually initiate a backup from the secondary host when the primary host is down.
■
Create a first Oracle policy with an Application Backup schedule to receive the backup images from both hosts. Configure both vipnames or host names as clients in the policy. Do not configure an Automatic Backup schedule or a Backup
Selection (script).
■
■
Create a second Oracle policy to execute the backup script on the primary host.
Configure the vipname or host name of the primary host in the policy. Configure the pathname to the backup script in the policy. Create an Automatic Backup schedule with an open window in the policy.
Create a third Oracle policy that can be used to manually execute the backup script on the secondary host when the primary host is unavailable. Configure the vipname or host name of the secondary host in the policy. Configure the pathname to the backup script in the policy. Create an Automatic Backup schedule without an open window in the policy.
■
■
The backup script must be accessible to both hosts in the cluster, the clustered file system makes a good location.
Configure the backup to provide a host specific client name with each backup request using one of the following three options:
■
Configure RMAN to bind specific channels to specific instances and send specific client names on each channel for backup image storage and for connect-back to the requesting host for the data transfer. Do not use the failover VIP name, because it is active on only one of the hosts.
ALLOCATE CHANNEL 1 ... PARMS='ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname1)' CONNECT='sys/passwd@vipname1';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL 2 ... PARMS='ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname2)' CONNECT='sys/passwd@vipname2';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL 3 ... PARMS='ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname1)' CONNECT='sys/passwd@vipname1';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL 4 ... PARMS='ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname2)' CONNECT='sys/passwd@vipname2';
Note: If one or more of these nodes are down, these allocation operations fail which causes the backup to fail.
Best practices for protecting Oracle RAC with NetBackup
Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP is not available and backup is load balanced, simple script with manual policy failover
213
■
Alternatively, configure Oracle to bind specific channels to specific hosts.
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' CONNECT 'sys/passwd@vipname1' PARMS
"ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname1)";
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' CONNECT 'sys/passwd@vipname2' PARMS
"ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname2)";
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 3 DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' CONNECT 'sys/passwd@vipname1' PARMS
"ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname1)";
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 4 DEVICE TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' CONNECT 'sys/passwd@vipname2' PARMS
"ENV=(NB_ORA_CLIENT=vipname2)";
■
By default, the backup uses CLIENT_NAME from the bp.conf file which should be distinct for each host and is typically the physical hostname.
■
Configure the NetBackup master server to allow the physical host names access to all of the backup images.
cd /usr/opnv/netbackup/db/altnames echo "hostname1" >> hostname1 echo "vipname1" >> hostname1 echo "hostname2" >> hostname1 echo "vipname2" >> hostname1 cp hostname1 hostname2
If REQUIRED_INTERFACE or another means is being utilized on the client hosts to force NetBackup to use the IP addresses associated with the vipnames for the outbound user-directed backup requests, then also let the vipnames access all of the backup images.
cd /usr/openv/netbackup/db/altnames cp hostname1 vipname1 cp hostname1 vipname2
The second policy executes the backup script on the primary host when it is scheduled. RMAN starts the backup process on all of the hosts, and they send back the appropriate NB_ORA_CLIENT or CLIENT_NAME for that host. If the primary is down, initiate the secondary policy manually from the NetBackup master server and perform a similar backup. You can restore from either host or instance if either of these conditions is true: The 'SET AUTOLOCATE ON'; is enabled for the instance or the restore request is configured to specify the same client name as used when the backupset piece was transferred to storage.
SEND 'NB_ORA_CLIENT=client_name_used_by_backup';
Best practices for protecting Oracle RAC with NetBackup
Image catalog configuration for RAC
214
Image catalog configuration for RAC
Normally, backup images for individual client hosts are stored in uniquely named image directories. In that default configuration, each node in an Oracle Real
Application Cluster (RAC) has its own image directory. This configuration can cause complications when an operation such as crosscheck and redirected restore is performed from an alternate cluster or alternate node within cluster.
The logical name for the cluster is racname and does not need to correspond to any host name or resolve to an IP address. However, if there is a failover host name that is always active on one node in the cluster, then it could be used as the
racname.
You must use network routable host names from the master server and media server to the individual hosts in the RAC. These can be the virtual host names that are used to identify the Oracle instances or the physical host names for the nodes.
The host names must correspond to either the NB_ORA_CLIENT or CLIENT_NAME that the NetBackup for Oracle clients use when a backup request to the master server is queued.
Note: This technique works best when you use the virtual host names for the instances as the racclient names. If you use physical host names, the backup images from file system backups are stored with the Oracle backup images within a single image directory, resulting in two potential problems. First, if the same file name exists on both hosts but with different content, care must be used to select the correct backup image from which to restore. The selection confusion can be eliminated by configuring the file system backup to specify a policy keyword that is specific to the host from which each file system backup is taken. Then use the host-specific keyword to constrain the image search when performing browse and restore. Second, either host can restore the files that were backed up from the other host. Being part of the same cluster, this restore technique is normally not a concern.
But be aware in case there are special considerations for permissions and security restrictions at your site.
The following procedure can be used to centralize storage of the backup images from all nodes in the cluster under one client name. That single client name can then be used for maintenance and restore operations.
In the following procedure, all steps are performed on the master server unless otherwise noted. Also, the procedure uses two examples of network routable host names:
■
racclient1
■
racclient1
Best practices for protecting Oracle RAC with NetBackup
Image catalog configuration for RAC
215
To centralize storage of the backup images from all nodes in the cluster under one client name
1
Check to see if this touch file exists:
UNIX: /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/NOexpire
Windows: <install>\Veritas\NetBackup\bin\NOexpire
If the file does not exist, temporarily create it as an empty file to prevent image cleanup from running before a RAC backup is taken.
2 Check to see if an image directory already exists to hold the image files from all of the nodes in the RAC. If the image directory does not exist, create the directory using the following commands:
UNIX: mkdir /usr/openv/netbackup/db/images/racname
Windows: mkdir <install>\Veritas\NetBackup\db\images\racname
3
Check to see if an image directory already exists for racclient1 or racclient2 using the following commands:
UNIX: ls -ld /usr/openv/netbackup/db/images/racclient1 ls -ld /usr/openv/netbackup/db/images/racclient2
Windows: dir <install>\Veritas\NetBackup\db\images\racclient1 dir <install>\Veritas\NetBackup\db\images\racclient2
If the directories do not exist, skip to step 7.
4
Deactivate any policies and SLP operations from operating on images for
racclient1 and racclient2.
5 Move the racclient1 and or racclient2 image files into the racname directory.
Be sure to include all files in subdirectories and preserve the subdirectory structure.
6
Delete the racclient1 and or racclient2 image directories.
Best practices for protecting Oracle RAC with NetBackup
Image catalog configuration for RAC
216
7 Direct the searches and future backups for racclient1 and or racclient2 to the shared directory that step 2 creates.
To create the symbolic links for UNIX, use the following commands: cd /usr/openv/netbackup/db/images ln -s racname racclient1 ln -s racname racclient2
To create the ALTPATH files for Windows, use the following commands: cd <install>\Veritas\NetBackup\db\images mkdir racclient1 mkdir racclient2 echo <install>\Veritas\NetBackup\db\images\racname > racclient1\ALTPATH echo <install>\Veritas\NetBackup\db\images\racname > racclient2\ALTPATH
8 Create or modify an Oracle policy for the RAC, specify racclient1 and racclient2 as the clients.
9
Ensure that the policy is active and run a manual backup of the RAC with the policy.
10 Re-activate any policies and SLPs that were disabled in step 4.
Best practices for protecting Oracle RAC with NetBackup
Image catalog configuration for RAC
217
11 If the
NOexpire touch file was created in step 1, remove it now. If it was previously in place for other reasons, leave it in place until those reasons are no longer valid.
12
Optionally, allow the client hosts to use NB_ORA_CLIENT=racname during crosscheck and restore operations. These altname files are created on the master server. The peername is the host name to which the master server resolves the source IP address from which each client connects to the master.
The altname is easily determined when you run bpclntcmd -pn on each client host.
UNIX: cd /usr/openv/netbackup/db/altnames echo racname >> peername_racclient1 echo racname >> peername_racclient2
Windows: cd <install>\Veritas\NetBackup\db\altnames echo racname >> peername_racclient1 echo racname >> peername_racclient2
From racclient1, the peername is 'racclient1.com':
$ bpclntcmd -pn expecting response from server mymaster racclient1.com racclient1 192.168.0.11 60108
See
“Oracle RAC with NetBackup best practices”
on page 201.
See
“About NetBackup for Oracle operations”
on page 202.
Appendix
C
Deduplication best practices
This appendix includes the following topics:
■
Optimizing and deduplicating stream-based and proxy copy Oracle backups
■
Configuring a stream-based Oracle backup
■
Example RMAN script for a stream-based backup
■
Editing the RMAN script and configuring NetBackup for Oracle for a proxy copy backup
■
Example RMAN script for a proxy copy backup
Optimizing and deduplicating stream-based and proxy copy Oracle backups
NetBackup enables you to perform optimized deduplication of Oracle databases.
You can perform either a stream-based backup or a proxy copy backup.
Symantec recommends that you perform a proxy copy if the database consists of many small tablespaces, or if the database administrator or the backup administrator does not want to set
FILESPERSET=1
.
To configure a proxy copy Oracle backup, you need to edit the RMAN script and configure NetBackup for Oracle.
See
“Editing the RMAN script and configuring NetBackup for Oracle for a proxy copy backup”
on page 223.
For stream-based backups, Symantec recommends that you specify
FILESPERSET=1 for all Oracle database backups. When
FILESPERSET=1 is specified, Oracle
Deduplication best practices
Optimizing and deduplicating stream-based and proxy copy Oracle backups
219 generates the backup set identically each time, with the same data from the same files in the same sequence each time the database is backed up. This uniformity ensures better deduplication. In addition, when
FILESPERSET=1 is in effect, Oracle does not perform multiplexing, so Oracle includes only one file in each backup set.
If
FILESPERSET is specified with a number other than
1
, Oracle groups files together unpredictably and deduplication rates suffer. You may also want to increase the number of channels that are allocated to the backup, if possible.
Symantec recommends that you test your database backups by running both stream-based backups and proxy copy backups. Measure the deduplication rates and the backup times, and see which method fits best in your environment. The
Oracle database files themselves benefit the most from deduplication. Typically, the archive logs and the control files are unique, so they benefit less from deduplication.
Deduplication performs best when used in the following ways:
Stream deduplication
Snapshot deduplication
The Oracle Intelligent Policy detects both
ASM and non-ASM environments to generate the correct backup scripts ensuring good deduplication rates. In a non-ASM environment, scripts are generated that are a non-snapshot proxy backup. In an ASM environment, scripts are generated that set
FILESPERSET=1 if this command has not been modified in a backup policy.
You may need to create a custom script for your environment. However, in most situations, the Oracle Intelligent Policy creates the script that is needed for your environment.
When you use snapshot deduplication, nothing changes and NetBackup performs a proxy snapshot backup. If SAM is detected, an error is displayed. Snapshot backup is not allowed in an ASM environment.
For information about the backup methods, see the following:
■
See
“Configuring a stream-based Oracle backup”
on page 220.
■
See
“Editing the RMAN script and configuring NetBackup for Oracle for a proxy copy backup”
on page 223.
Deduplication best practices
Configuring a stream-based Oracle backup
220
Configuring a stream-based Oracle backup
The following procedure explains how to reconfigure an existing Oracle RMAN specification to achieve a stream-based, optimized, deduplicated Oracle backup.
To configure a stream-based Oracle backup
1
On the client computer that hosts the Oracle database, open the RMAN backup script in a text editor, and make the following edits:
■
Add the
FILESPERSET=1 parameter to the part of the RMAN script that specifies how you want to back up the database.
Do not add
FILESPERSET=1 to the section of the RMAN script that specifies how to back up the control files or archive logs. Typically, these other data objects are unique to each backup, so there is very little potential gain from optimizing the control file and archive log backups for deduplication.
Example RMAN script after editing:
BACKUP
FILESPERSET=1
%BACKUP_TYPE%
FORMAT 'bk_u%%u_s%%s_p%%p_t%%t'
DATABASE;
The addition of
FILESPERSET=1 suppresses Oracle multiplexing of more than one data file into a backup set. When you suppress Oracle multiplexing,
Oracle creates the backup set identically each time the backup runs.
NetBackup can deduplicate these identical backup sets.
■
Specify parallel backup streams for the database backup.
Specify appropriate
ALLOCATE CHANNEL and
RELEASE CHANNEL parameters in the backup script.
For an example that shows an edited backup script, see the following:
Deduplication best practices
Example RMAN script for a stream-based backup
221
See
“Example RMAN script for a stream-based backup”
on page 221.
2
Disable Oracle's optimization and encryption for the duration of the database backup.
By default, Oracle disables optimization and encryption. If optimization and encryption are enabled, run the following RMAN commands from the command line to disable optimization and encryption:
RMAN> CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF;
RMAN> CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF;
If your site requires encryption, you can specify encryption in the NetBackup for Oracle backup policy.
3
Disable Oracle's compression for the duration of the database backup.
By default, Oracle disables compression. If compression is enabled, Oracle compresses unused sections in streams, and the result is unpredictable deduplication rates. If compression is enabled, run the following RMAN command from the command line to disable compression:
RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE SBT_TAPE BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
If your site requires compression, you can specify compression in the
NetBackup for Oracle backup policy.
4
Configure a NetBackup for Oracle policy.
If you want to compress or encrypt the backup, enable compression and encryption in the NetBackup pd.conf
file.
Run a full database backup as soon as you can. The policy can perform incremental backups until the full backup can be run.
Note: Make sure that Oracle optimization, encryption, and compression are disabled for the entirety of the database backup. Make sure to check specifications outside of the RMAN backup script, too.
Example RMAN script for a stream-based backup
The following is an example fragment from an RMAN script that performs an optimized, deduplicated, stream-based backup of an Oracle database.
RUN {
Deduplication best practices
Example RMAN script for a stream-based backup
222
# Back up the database.
# Use 4 channels as 4 parallel backup streams.
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch01 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch02 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch03 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';
SEND ' NB_ORA_SERV=$NB_ORA_SERV’;
BACKUP
$BACKUP_TYPE
SKIP INACCESSIBLE
TAG hot_db_bk_level0
# The following line sets FILESPERSET to 1 and facilitates database deduplication.
FILESPERSET 1
FORMAT 'bk_%s_%p_%t'
DATABASE; sql 'alter system archive log current';
RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch01;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch02;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch03;
# Back up the archive logs
# The FILESPERSET parameter setting depends on the number of archive logs you have.
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch01 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';
SEND ' NB_ORA_SERV=$NB_ORA_SERV’;
BACKUP
FILESPERSET 20
FORMAT 'al_%s_%p_%t'
ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch01;
#
# Note: During the process of backing up the database, RMAN also backs up the
# control file.
This version of the control file does not contain the
# information about the current backup because "nocatalog" has been specified.
# To include the information about the current backup, the control file should
# be backed up as the last step of the RMAN section.
This step would not be
# necessary if we were using a recovery catalog or auto control file backups.
Deduplication best practices
Editing the RMAN script and configuring NetBackup for Oracle for a proxy copy backup
223
#
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';
SEND ' NB_ORA_SERV=$NB_ORA_SERV’;
BACKUP
FORMAT 'cntrl_%s_%p_%t'
CURRENT CONTROLFILE;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;
}
Editing the RMAN script and configuring NetBackup for Oracle for a proxy copy backup
The following procedure explains how to edit the RMAN script on the client.
To edit the RMAN script
1
On the client computer that hosts the Oracle database, open the RMAN backup script in a text editor, and make the following edits:
■
Add
PROXY to the list of commands that backs up the data files.
Example RMAN script after editing:
BACKUP
FORMAT 'bk_u%u_s%s_p%p_t%t'
PROXY
DATABASE;
■
Specify the
NB_ORA_PC_STREAMS parameter in the database backup script.
The
NB_ORA_PC_STREAMS variable controls the number of proxy copy backup streams to be started. By default, the agent initiates one backup job for all files. If the RMAN send command passes
NB_ORA_PC_STREAMS
, NetBackup for Oracle splits the files into the number of groups that are specified by the variable based on the file size. The agent attempts to create streams of equal size and determines the number of processes that run to perform the backup.
For an example that shows an edited backup script, see the following:
Deduplication best practices
Example RMAN script for a proxy copy backup
224
See
“Example RMAN script for a proxy copy backup”
on page 224.
2
Disable Oracle's optimization and encryption for the duration of the database backup.
By default, Oracle disables optimization and encryption. If the optimization and encryption are enabled, run the following RMAN commands from the command line to disable optimization and encryption:
RMAN> CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF;
RMAN> CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF;
If your site requires encryption, you can specify encryption in the NetBackup for Oracle backup policy.
3
Disable Oracle's compression for the duration of the database backup.
By default, Oracle disables compression. If compression is enabled, Oracle compresses unused sections in streams, and the result is unpredictable deduplication rates. If compression is enabled, run the following RMAN command from the command line to disable compression:
RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE SBT_TAPE BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
If your site requires compression, you can specify compression in the
NetBackup for Oracle backup policy.
4
Configure a NetBackup for Oracle policy.
If you want to compress or encrypt the backup, enable compression and encryption in the NetBackup pd.conf
file.
Run a full database backup as soon as you can. You can perform incremental backups until the full backup can be run.
Note: Make sure that Oracle optimization, encryption, and compression are disabled for the entirety of the database backup. Also, make sure to check specifications outside of the RMAN backup script.
Example RMAN script for a proxy copy backup
The following is an example of an RMAN script that performs an optimized, deduplicated, proxy copy backup of an Oracle database.
RUN {
Deduplication best practices
Example RMAN script for a proxy copy backup
225
# Back up the database.
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';
# Specify 2 streams.
SEND 'NB_ORA_PC_STREAMS=2';
BACKUP
PROXY
SKIP INACCESSIBLE
TAG hot_db_bk_proxy
FORMAT 'bk_%s_%p_%t'
DATABASE; sql 'alter system archive log current';
RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;
# Back up the archive logs.
# The FILESPERSET parameter setting depends on the number of archive logs you have.
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch01 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';
SEND ' NB_ORA_SERV=$NB_ORA_SERV’;
BACKUP
FILESPERSET 20
FORMAT 'al_%s_%p_%t'
ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch01;
#
# Note: During the process of backing up the database, RMAN also backs up the
# control file.
This version of the control file does not contain the
# information about the current backup because "nocatalog" has been specified.
# To include the information about the current backup, the control file should
# be backed up as the last step of the RMAN section.
This step would not be
# necessary if we were using a recovery catalog or auto control file backups.
#
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE';
SEND ' NB_ORA_SERV=$NB_ORA_SERV’;
BACKUP
FORMAT 'cntrl_%s_%p_%t'
CURRENT CONTROLFILE;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;
}
Deduplication best practices
Example RMAN script for a proxy copy backup
226
Appendix
D
Snapshot Client support of
SFRAC
This appendix includes the following topics:
■
About Snapshot Client support of SFRAC
■
NetBackup configuration for an SFRAC environment
■
Configuring the SFRAC environment for a backup operation
■
Performing a rollback restore in an SFRAC environment
■
Troubleshooting NetBackup in an SFRAC environment
About Snapshot Client support of SFRAC
Veritas Storage Foundation for the Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) environment leverages storage management and high availability technologies for deployment of Oracle RAC on UNIX environments.
Storage Foundation is a complete solution for heterogeneous online storage management. Based on VxVM and VxFS, it provides a standard set of integrated tools to centrally manage data growth, maximize storage hardware usage, and provide data protection.
NetBackup configuration for an SFRAC environment
To perform the offhost snapshot backup of Oracle database in the SFRAC environment, the NetBackup client software must be installed on each node of the cluster.
You need to configure the following:
Snapshot Client support of SFRAC
Configuring the SFRAC environment for a backup operation
228
■
■
On the master server or media server that resides outside of the cluster, you must configure the policy to back up the Oracle RAC database.
Configure the alternate client so that the snapshot is taken using that offhost.
The alternate client should not be part of the cluster.
Configuring the SFRAC environment for a backup operation
The backup and rollback operations involve the Oracle Agent and the hardware array. The configuration steps required for both of these operations should also be done before taking the snapshot.
The following lists the prerequisites before you perform a backup in the SFRAC environment.
To configure the SFRAC environment for a backup operation
1
Configure a virtual IP or virtual name over the cluster. NetBackup refers to the client by using this virtual name.
2 The NetBackup client name on each node of the cluster must match the virtual name that is configured on the cluster. Do one of the following:
■
If you have already installed the client, change the CLIENT_NAME entry in the bp.conf
file of the NetBackup directory to the following:
CLIENT_NAME = <virtual_name>
■
Alternatively, add the following parameter to the RMAN script file that you are using for backup and restore, and keep the default CLIENT_NAME as the hostname:
NB_ORA_CLIENT = <host_name>
3 Specify the required host mode options in the storage array that provides the storage LUNs. For example, in the Host group options of an Hitachi array, enter the type of host (for example, Solaris) and enable the VERITAS Database
Edition/Advanced Cluster for Oracle RAC (Solaris) option.
4
Add the following line to the bp.conf
file, on each node in the cluster.
PREFERRED_NETWORK = <virtual-host-name>
This entry is required when running a rollback operation.
Snapshot Client support of SFRAC
Performing a rollback restore in an SFRAC environment
229
5 If the CFS version that you run does not support group quiescence, enable serial quiescence by adding the following lines to the
/usr/openv/lib/vxfi/configfiles/vxfsfi.conf
file.
[QUIESCENCE_INFO]
"QUIESCENCE_SERIAL_QUIESCENCE"=dword:00000001
6
Ensure that the database is in open (read-write) mode.
7 Ensure that the service group for the database in VCS is in the online state.
8
Because only the master node of the cluster supports the rollback restore, change the virtual IP before a rollback operation so that it points to the master node.
9 Configure a snapshot backup policy for the SFRAC environment. In the backup selection tab of the policy, make sure that you provide a path name to the
RMAN script. Make sure that the script resides on all the nodes of the cluster.
Parameters like ORACLE_SID can differ on each of the nodes. For example, on node 1, the ORACLE_SID can be symc1 and on node 2, the ORACLE_SID can be symc2.
Performing a rollback restore in an SFRAC environment
The following procedure describes the manual steps that are needed to restore volumes and file systems by using the snapshot rollback method in an SFRAC environment.
A typical host deployment for running NetBackup for Oracle in an SFRAC environment is as follows: Host A and Host B are in the cluster and Host C is used as an alternate client. The instant recovery snapshot is taken using the Oracle policy and the Hardware Snapshot FIM (frozen image method).
The application I/O stack is built upon the hardware array of VxVM (CVM) and VxFS
(CFS).
The Veritas Cluster Server (VCS) controls the Oracle RAC database and other required essential resources such as shared storage. VCS defines and manages its resources as a single unit called a service group. A service group are contains all the necessary components and resources of an application.
The following are entities in the VCS that monitor the application I/O stack:
■
CFSMount contains the mount points (cfs) where data files, archive logs, and control files are stored.
Snapshot Client support of SFRAC
Performing a rollback restore in an SFRAC environment
230
■
■
CVMVolDg contains all the Volume Groups (cvm) configured on top of the various array LUNs that participate in the hardware snapshot.
The Database Resource Group contains the database instance and assists in failover.
To perform a rollback restore in the SFRAC environment
1
Ensure that you previously created a virtual IP for the clustered node. Point that virtual IP to the master node of the cluster.
2 On all the clustered nodes, take the VCS database service group (Oracle,
CFSMount, and CVMVolDg resources) offline by using the following command:
# hagrp -offline <DB_Service_Group> -any
3
Freeze the database service group.
# hagrp -freeze <DB_Service_Group>
4 Mount the CFSMount points manually outside VCS on the master node. This action helps when you start the database in mount state.
# mount -F vxfs -o cluster <mntPt>
5
Start the database with mount option on the clustered master node
# sqlplus /as sysdba
# startup mount;
6 Run the rollback restore operation from the RMAN script or the client GUI. A sample RMAN script file ( hot_database_backup_proc
) is located in the following directory path:
/usr/openv/netbackup/ext/db_ext/oracle/samples/rman
To perform PIT rollback, add the following parameter to the script:
NB_ORA_PC_RESTORE=rollback
7
Unmount the CFS on the master node.
# umount <mntPt>
Snapshot Client support of SFRAC
Troubleshooting NetBackup in an SFRAC environment
231
8 Unfreeze the VCS database service group.
# hagrp -unfreeze <DB_Service_Group>
9
On all the clustered nodes, take the VCS database service group (Oracle,
CFSMount, and CVMVolDg resources) back online:
# hagrp -online <DB_Service_Group> -any
Troubleshooting NetBackup in an SFRAC environment
The following describes some common errors and how to troubleshoot them:
■
Problem: The backup failed with error code 6 displayed in the GUI. The rman_script.out
file shows the following error:
RMAN-06403: could not obtain a fully authorized session
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
SVR4 Error: 2: No such file or directory
■
Resolution: Check the ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID values.
ORACLE_HOME should not have an extra ‘/’ at the end.
Problem: The backup failed with error code 239. The dbclient logs show the following log statement: serverResponse: ERR - server exited with status 239: the specified client does not exist in the specified policy
01:02:23.844 [4000] <16> CreateNewImage: ERR - serverResponse() fail
■
Resolution: The client name mentioned in the policy and in the bp.conf
file at the client are different.
Problem: The backup failed with error 156. The bpfis logs show the following error.
CVxFSPlugin::vxFreezeAll : ioctl VX_FREEZE_ALL failed with errno : 16
CVxFSPlugin::quiesce - Could not quiesce as VX_FREEZE_ALL failed and
VX_FREEZE is not allowed
Resolution: Add the following lines to the
/usr/openv/lib/vxfi/configfiles/vxfsfi.conf
file: file:[QUIESCENCE_INFO]
"QUIESCENCE_SERIAL_QUIESCENCE"=dword:00000001
Snapshot Client support of SFRAC
Troubleshooting NetBackup in an SFRAC environment
232
■
Problem: The rollback failed with the following error displayed in the GUI:
Failed to process backup file <bk_113_1_728619266>
The dbclient logs show the following error: xbsa_ProcessError: INF - leaving xbsa_QueryObject: ERR - VxBSAQueryObject: Failed with error: Server
Status: client is not validated to use the server xbsa_QueryObject: INF - leaving (3) int_FindBackupImage: INF - leaving int_AddToFileList: ERR - Failed to process backup file
<bk_113_1_728619266>
Resolution : Add the following line in the bp.conf
file on the master node of the cluster PREFERRED_NETWORK = <virtual_name>
Appendix
E
Script-based block-level incremental (BLI) backups without RMAN on UNIX and
Linux systems
This appendix includes the following topics:
■
About script-based block-level incremental (BLI) backups without RMAN
■
About BLI backup and restore operations
■
Verifying installation requirements for BLI backups without RMAN
■
Creating NetBackup policies for script-based BLI backup
■
Performing backups and restores
■
About troubleshooting backup or restore errors
About script-based block-level incremental (BLI) backups without RMAN
NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client extends the capabilities of NetBackup to back up only changed data blocks of Oracle database files. NetBackup recommends using RMAN-based BLI backups, which allow the use of templates and remain tightly integrated with Oracle administration.
If you choose to use script-based BLI backups without RMAN, you can configure
NetBackup for BLI support. A BLI backup backs up only the changed data blocks
Script-based block-level incremental (BLI) backups without RMAN on UNIX and Linux systems
About BLI backup and restore operations
234 of Oracle database files. NetBackup for Oracle script-based BLI performs backups using the Storage Checkpoint facility in the Veritas File System (VxFS) available through the Veritas Storage Foundation for Oracle.
About BLI backup and restore operations
A BLI backup performs database backups by obtaining the changed blocks identified by the Storage Checkpoints. BLI backups can also be performed while the database is online or offline. As with Storage Checkpoints, you must enable archive log mode to perform online BLI backups.
A BLI backup places the tablespaces in backup mode, takes a Storage Checkpoint, and then performs the backup. You specify how and when to back up the database when configuring the NetBackup notify scripts.
For example, suppose at 4:00 p.m. you lost a disk drive and its mirrored drive. A number of user tablespaces reside on the disk drive, and you want to recover all committed transactions up to the time you lost the drive. Because the BLI backup facility lets you perform more frequent backups, you did an online differential incremental backup at 1:00 p.m.
You recover by shutting down the database, installing new replacement disk drives, and restoring all the data files with NetBackup. Then you apply the archive logs to recover the tablespaces on the failed drive. If you used Fulldata Storage
Checkpoints, the extra redo logs generated during an online backup are small, the media recovery part of the database recovery takes very little time. Moreover, because you have a recent backup, the entire recovery is accomplished quickly.
Verifying installation requirements for BLI backups without RMAN
Verify the following requirements before you begin the installation.
To verify the installation requirements
1
Make sure that the following products are properly installed and configured:
■
NetBackup
■
A supported level of Oracle
■
NetBackup for Oracle
Script-based block-level incremental (BLI) backups without RMAN on UNIX and Linux systems
Verifying installation requirements for BLI backups without RMAN
235
■
Veritas Storage Foundation for Oracle
2 Verify licensing.
The products must have valid licenses. To check for licenses, enter the following commands based on your version:
For VxFS versions earlier than 3.5:
# vxlicense -p
For VxFS versions 3.5 or later:
# vxlicrep
The command displays all the valid licenses that are installed on the system.
If you have valid licenses, the Storage Checkpoint feature and the Veritas
Storage Foundation for Oracle appear in the list.
3 Verify that both the NetBackup server (master and media) and client software work properly.
Particularly, verify that you can back up and restore typical operating system files from the client.
File system and Storage Checkpoint space management
To support BLI backups, the VxFS file systems need extra disk space to keep track of the block change information. The space required depends on the database workload while the backup is running. If the database is offline during the entire backup window (a cold database backup) or you use Nodata Storage Checkpoints, the additional space required by each file system is about 1% of the file system size.
If the database is online while the backup is running (a hot database backup or quick freeze database backup using Fulldata Storage Checkpoints), the additional space required by each file system depends on the duration of the backup and the database workload. If the workload is light during the backup or the backup window is relatively short (such as for incremental backups), an additional 10% of the file system size is usually sufficient. If the database has a heavy workload while a full backup is running, the file systems may require more space.
Script-based block-level incremental (BLI) backups without RMAN on UNIX and Linux systems
Creating NetBackup policies for script-based BLI backup
236
Creating NetBackup policies for script-based BLI backup
To allow full and incremental backups, you must add at least one Standard type policy to NetBackup and define the appropriate schedules for that policy. Use the
NetBackup Administration Console to add policies. NetBackup policies define the criteria for the backup.
These criteria include the following:
■
Policy attributes
■
Clients and the files or directories to be backed up on the client
■
Storage unit to use
■
Backup schedules
While most database NetBackup BLI backup policy requirements are the same as for file system backups, the following items have special requirements:
■
■
The number of policies that are required
See
“Number of policies required for BLI backup”
on page 236.
Policy attribute values
See
on page 238.
■
■
■
The BLI client list
See
on page 239.
The list of directories and files to back up
See
“Backup selections list for BLI backups”
on page 239.
Schedules
See
“About schedules for BLI backup policies”
on page 239.
Number of policies required for BLI backup
A database BLI backup requires at least one Standard type policy.
This policy usually includes the following:
■
One full backup schedule
■
■
One incremental backup schedule
One user-directed backup schedule for control files and archive logs
Only one backup stream is initiated for each backup policy during automatic backups.
To enable multiple backup streams, define multiple policies for the same database.
If you have more than one database SID, configure policies for each SID. If you
Script-based block-level incremental (BLI) backups without RMAN on UNIX and Linux systems
Creating NetBackup policies for script-based BLI backup
237 intend to do simultaneous backups of more than one SID on the same file system, use Nodata Storage Checkpoints. Set the
METHOD to
NODATA_CKPT_HOT
.
For example, to back up file systems
F1
,
F2
,
F3
, and
F4 with two streams, you need to define two policies (
P1 and
P2
) with
F1 and
F2 backed up in
P1
, and
F3 and
F4 backed up in
P2
. If you have one large file system that needs to be backed up with multiple streams, divide the files in the file system between different policies. After a file is added to a policy, it should stay in that policy. If you must rearrange the file list, do so only prior to a full backup.
If you have more than one policy defined for an Oracle instance, the instance is grouped by the NetBackup keyword phrase. Identify one of the policies as the
POLICY_IN_CONTROL in the NetBackup notify scripts. This policy performs database shutdowns and restarts. All policies with the same keyword phrase need to be configured to start simultaneously.
Warning: Care must be taken when specifying the keyword phrase. A multistream backup is attempted if the backup process finds more than one policy with the following characteristics: Each policy has the BLI attribute set, each policy is active, each policy contains the same client, and each policy has an identical keyword phrase.
Typical failure status is "74 - timeout waiting for bpstart_notify to complete.
"See
“NetBackup restore and backup status codes”
on page 253.
You can check the file systems on the backup client to see if they are included in one of the NetBackup policies on the server. To see if you need to add any new file systems to the NetBackup policies, run the following commands from the server on a regular basis, perhaps as a cron
(1) job:
# cd /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/goodies/
# ./check_coverage -coverage -client mars -mailid \nbadmin
The preceding command generates the following output and mails it to the specified mailid
:
File System Backup Coverage Report (UNIX only)
-----------------------------------------------
Key: * - Policy is not active
UNCOVERED - Mount Point not covered by an active policy
MULTIPLE - Mount Point covered by multiple active policies
CLIENT: mars
Mount Point Device Backed Up By Policy Notes
Script-based block-level incremental (BLI) backups without RMAN on UNIX and Linux systems
Creating NetBackup policies for script-based BLI backup
238
----------------
/ /dev/vg00/lvol3
/home
/oradata1
/dev/vg00/lvol5
/dev/dsk/c1t0d0
/oradata2
/oradata3
/opt
/oracle
/dev/dsk/c1t0d0
/dev/vg00/lvol6
------------------production_servers production_servers block_incr1 block_incr1
/dev/nbuvg/nbuvol UNCOVERED production_servers
/dev/vg00/oracle production_servers
-----
/stand
/usr
/var
/dev/vg00/lvol1
/dev/vg00/lvol7
/dev/vg00/lvol8 production_servers production_servers production_servers
If there is an
UNCOVERED file system that is used by Oracle, add it to one of the
NetBackup policies so that all the necessary file systems are backed up at the same time.
Note:
After a file system is added to a policy, it is a good idea to keep the file system in that policy. If you change the policy, NetBackup performs a full backup the next time backups are run even if an incremental backup is requested.
About BLI policy attributes
NetBackup applies policy attribute values when it backs up files.
The following attributes must be set for BLI backup:
Policy Type
Perform block level incremental backups
Job Priority
Keyword phrase
Set to Standard.
Select to enable BLI backups. If the BLI attribute is not enabled,
NetBackup uses the standard method to back up the files in the file list.
Set so that the BLI backup policies run before other policies.
Define as the Oracle instance name ($ORACLE_SID) in each of the policies for the same instance. Multistream backups start when all the policies with a particular keyword phrase complete their respective startup scripts. If you have multiple Oracle instances (SIDs) use a separate set of policies for each SID.
If the SIDs are backed up simultaneously and any share a common file system for data files, use Nodata Storage
Checkpoints. Set the METHOD to NODATA_CKPT_HOT.
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Note:
Do not change a keyword phrase after it is set in a policy. The keyword phrase is used in naming Storage Checkpoints. Changing the keyword phrase necessitates a full backup even if an incremental backup is requested.
The NetBackup Administrator’s Guide, Volume I describes other policy attributes and how to configure them.
About the BLI client list
The client list specifies the clients upon which you configured a BLI backup. For a database backup, specify the name of the machine upon which the database resides.
Specify the virtual hostname if clustered.
Backup selections list for BLI backups
The backup selections list specifies a list of directories and files to back up. The list must contain all the database files or their directory names. Using directory names, rather than file names, ensures that new database files added to an existing configuration are backed up without having to update the file list. Use the check_coverage script to make sure all file systems are backed up.
If you are using the Quick I/O interface, you need to specify both the Quick I/O file name and the associated hidden file in the file list (for example, dbfile and
.dbfile
), or you need to specify the directory that contains both files. NetBackup does not follow the symbolic links to automatically back up the hidden file if you enumerate only the dbfile explicitly in the backup selections list. They are both included if you enumerate their common directory.
When the NetBackup scheduler invokes an automatic backup schedule, it backs up the files one at a time, in the same order they appear in the backup selection list.
Oracle does not recommend backing up the online redo log, so it is recommended that you place online redo log files in a different file system than datafiles, archive log files, or database control files. Do not include the online redo log files in the file list.
About schedules for BLI backup policies
The NetBackup server starts these schedule types:
■
■
■
Full Backup
Differential Incremental Backup
Cumulative Incremental Backup
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Each BLI backup policy must include one full backup schedule and at least one incremental backup schedule. In addition, you must designate one of the BLI backup policies as the
POLICY_IN_CONTROL
. The policies for each stream must have the same types of schedules.
The NetBackup Administrator’s Guide, Volume I describes other schedule attributes and how to configure them.
You can configure the following types of schedules:
■
■
User-directed backup schedule. The user-directed backup schedule encompasses all the days and times when user-directed backups are allowed to occur. Set the backup window as described.
The policies for each stream must have the same types of schedules.
Automatically initiated backup schedules. Include server-initiated backup schedules to specify the days and times for NetBackup to automatically start backups of the files specified in the policy file list. Set the backup window as described.
For server-initiated full and incremental backup schedules, set the start times and durations to define the appropriate windows for the backups. Follow the same procedure used to define backup schedules for other policies. For more information on these procedures, see the NetBackup Administrator’s Guide, Volume I .
The backups are started by the scheduler only within the backup window specified.
For the
POLICY_IN_CONTROL
, include in the user-directed backup schedule the time periods when the BLI backup policies complete.
Set the retention level and periods to meet user requirements.
Example Oracle BLI backup policy
The following example shows attributes and schedules for an Oracle BLI backup policy. Use the NetBackup Administration Console to add policies.
Policy Name: oracle_backup1
Policy Type: Standard
Active: yes
Block level incremental: yes
Job Priority: 0
Max Jobs/Policy: 1
Residence: oracle_tapes
Volume Pool: NetBackup
Keyword: ORA1
Client List: Sun4 Solaris2.6 mars
HP9000-800 HP-UX11.00 mars
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Backup Selections List: /oradata/oradata1
Schedule: full
Type:
Frequency:
Full Backup
1 week
Retention Level: 3 (one month)
Daily Windows:
Sunday
Monday
18:00:00
18:00:00
-->
-->
Monday
Tuesday
06:00:00
06:00:00
Tuesday 18:00:00 --> Wednesday 06:00:00
Wednesday 18:00:00 --> Thursday 06:00:00
Schedule:
Thursday 18:00:00 --> Friday
Friday 18:00:00 --> Saturday
06:00:00
06:00:00
Saturday 18:00:00 incr
--> Sunday 06:00:00
Type:
Frequency:
Differential Incremental Backup
1 day
Retention Level: 3 (one month)
Daily Windows:
Sunday
Monday
18:00:00 --> Monday
18:00:00 --> Tuesday
06:00:00
06:00:00
Tuesday 18:00:00 --> Wednesday 06:00:00
Wednesday 18:00:00 --> Thursday 06:00:00
Schedule:
Thursday 18:00:00 --> Friday
Friday 18:00:00 --> Saturday
06:00:00
06:00:00
Saturday 18:00:00 userbkup
--> Sunday 06:00:00
Type: User Backup
Retention Level: 3 (one month)
Daily Windows:
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
00:00:00 --> Sunday
00:00:00 --> Monday
00:00:00 --> Tuesday
24:00:00
24:00:00
24:00:00
Wednesday 00:00:00 --> Wednesday 24:00:00
Thursday 00:00:00 --> Thursday 24:00:00
Friday 00:00:00 --> Friday 24:00:00
Saturday 00:00:00 --> Saturday 24:00:00
In this example, the oracle_backup1 policy backs up all the files in
/oradata/oradata1
. The policy specifies a weekly full backup, a daily differential incremental backup, and a user-directed backup schedule. The archive logs and the control file are backed up using the user-directed schedule at the completion of the full or incremental backup.
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Setting the maximum jobs per client global attribute
Set the Maximum Jobs per Client to the number of policies that have the same keyword phrase. This number can be greater than one when multiple job policies are defined to back up multiple file systems.
About BLI backup methods
You can choose from the following backup methods when configuring BLI notify scripts:
Table E-1
BLI backup terminology
Term cold database backup hot database backup
Definition
A cold database backup is taken while the database is offline or closed.
BLI backup shuts down the database and performs either full or block-level incremental backups. This backup method is also referred to in Oracle documentation as a "consistent whole database backup" or a "closed backup." The data from a cold backup is consistent, resulting in easier recovery procedures.
To select this backup method, set METHOD to
SHUTDOWN_BKUP_RESTART
.
In an offline backup, all database files are consistent to the same point in time (for example, when the database was last shutdown using typical methods). The database must stay shut down while the backup runs.
A hot database backup allows the database to be online and open while the backup is performed. With the Storage Checkpoint facility, this backup method runs database backups in parallel so a database does not need to be in backup mode for a long time.
To select this backup method, set METHOD to ALTER_TABLESPACE.
Hot backups are required if the database must be up and running 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
To use hot backups, the database must be in ARCHIVELOG mode. BLI backup uses the alter tablespace begin backup command and the alter tablespace end backup command to put the database into and take it out of backup mode. Oracle documentation refers to this method as an inconsistent whole database backup or open backup.
Unlike the cold database backup method, the data in hot backups is fuzzy or inconsistent until the appropriate redo log files (online and archived) are applied after the restore operation to make the data consistent.
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Table E-1
Term
Nodata storage checkpoint hot
BLI backup terminology (continued)
Definition
A Nodata storage checkpoint hot backup puts the tablespaces in backup mode for the duration of the backup. It uses a Nodata Storage
Checkpoint to reduce the amount of file system space consumed.
To select this backup method, set METHOD to NODATA_CKPT_HOT.
Use this method if all of the following conditions are present:
■
■
■
You are backing up multiple Oracle instances.
More than one instance shares the file system.
The backup of the instances can overlap in time.
quick freeze database backup
The quick freeze database backup is different than an online database backup, because it requires the database to be brought down briefly to take a snapshot or Fulldata Storage Checkpoint of the database image.
The Fulldata Storage Checkpoint is created in a few seconds and the database can be restarted immediately. A backup image from a quick freeze database backup is equivalent to a backup image from a cold database backup. You can choose this backup method when you configure BLI notify scripts.
To select this backup method, set METHOD to
SHUTDOWN_CKPT_RESTART
.
See
“Creating notify scripts for BLI backups”
on page 243.
If the database is in
ARCHIVELOG mode, you can use all four methods to back up the database. If the database is in
NOARCHIVELOG mode, you can only select the cold backup or quick freeze backup.
When you use the cold and quick freeze database backups, the default shutdown command that you use in the bpstart_notify.oracle_bli
script is shutdown or shutdown normal
. These commands wait for all users to log off before it initiates the shutdown . In some circumstances, even after all interactive users are logged off, processes such as the Oracle Intelligent Agent (Oracle dbsnmp account) can still be connected to the database, preventing the database shutdown. Attempt to use the default shutdown commands to shut down the database cleanly.
Alternatively, you can use shutdown immediate to initiate the database shutdown immediately.
Creating notify scripts for BLI backups
Create notify scripts that run on the clients to synchronize the backup operation and the database operation. You need a set of three notify scripts for each policy
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/usr/openv/netbackup/bin directory on the NetBackup client.
The scripts are named as follows:
■ bpstart_notify.POLICY
■ post_checkpoint_notify.POLICY
■ bpend_notify.POLICY
To create the notify scripts, run the following script as root:
/usr/openv/netbackup/ext/db_ext/oracle/bin/setup_bli_scripts
This script copies the sample notify script templates to
/usr/openv/netbackup/bin and makes the necessary changes based on the information you provide.
The notify script templates are located on the local machine in the following location:
/usr/openv/netbackup/ext/db_ext/oracle/samples
When you run setup_bli_scripts you need to supply the following information:
■
■
■
Identify the POLICY_IN_CONTROL
See
“Identify the POLICY_IN_CONTROL for BLI backups”
on page 244.
Provide the Oracle environment variables
See
“Oracle environment variables for BLI scripts”
on page 244.
Select a backup method
■
Notify scripts for other policies
See
“About BLI notify scripts for other policies”
on page 245.
See the information about how to use the notify scripts to back up your Oracle database.
Identify the POLICY_IN_CONTROL for BLI backups
If you have more than one policy defined on the server for one Oracle instance, identify one of the policies as the
POLICY_IN_CONTROL
. This is the policy that initiates the database shutdown
, startup
, or alter tablespace commands. The
POLICY_IN_CONTROL can be any policy (for example, the first policy defined). This variable is stored in the notify scripts.
Oracle environment variables for BLI scripts
If you create notify scripts, or if you run setup_bli_scripts
, you need to provide values for the Oracle environment variables.
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These variables are as follows:
ORACLE_DBA
ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_LOGS
ORACLE_CNTRL
SQLCMD
ORACLE_INIT
ORACLE_CONFIG
User name of the Oracle database administrator. Typically, oracle
.
$ORACLE_BASE of the Oracle instance.
$ORACLE_HOME of the Oracle instance.
Oracle instance ID ($ORACLE_SID) if it is different from the keyword.
Directory in which the Oracle archive logs reside.
Location to which a copy of the Oracle control file is written so that it can be backed up.
sqldba
, svrmgrl, or sqlplus command to start up or shut down the database.
Path name for the Oracle startup parameter file (INIT.ORA). If you are using an Oracle SPFILE as your parameter file, do not set the ORACLE_INIT environment variable.
Path name for the Oracle configuration file (CONFIG.ORA). Some database configurations use the CONFIG.ORA file to specify values for the database parameters that usually do not change.
The CONFIG.ORA file can be called by the INIT.ORA file using an include statement.
About BLI notify scripts for other policies
If you have more than one policy defined to support multiple backup streams, create a copy of the notify scripts for each policy defined.
For example, assume that you have two policies defined, oracle_backup1 and oracle_backup2
. Also assume that
POLICY_IN_CONTROL is set to oracle_backup1
.
You also need to create notify scripts for policy oracle_backup2
. The setup_bli_scripts script performs this step automatically.
Sample setup_bli_scripts session
The following sample session shows how to use setup_bli_scripts to create the notify scripts.
#/usr/openv/netbackup/ext/db_ext/oracle/bin/setup_bli_scripts
Please enter the user name of your Oracle administrator? orac901
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ORACLE_BASE is the Oracle enviroment variable that identifies the directory at the top of the Oracle software and administrative file structure. The value of this variable is typically
/MOUNTPOINT/app/oracle
Please enter your ORACLE_BASE? /dbhome/oracle/orac901
ORACLE_HOME is the Oracle enviroment variable that identifies the directory containing the Oracle software for a given Oracle server release. The value of this variable is typically
/dbhome/oracle/orac901/product/RELEASE
Please enter your ORACLE_HOME? /dbhome/oracle/orac901 sqlplus will be used.
The default "connect" statement that will be used to connect to the database is:
"connect / as sysdba"
Would you like to modify the connect and use a specific login? (y/n) n
"connect / as sysdba" will be used.
Please enter the Oracle instance (ORACLE_SID) you want to back up? orac901
If you are using a CONFIG.ORA file, you need to specify where it is, so that it can be backed up. If this does not apply apply to your configuration, hit ENTER to go on. If this does apply to your configuration, specify the file path.
Typically this would be:
/dbhome/oracle/orac901/admin/orac901/pfile/configorac901.ora
but this file could not be found.
Enter your Oracle config file path or hit ENTER:
To back up a copy of the Oracle control file, you need to specify a file path where Oracle can write a copy of the control file.
Please enter the file path where Oracle is to write a copy of your control file? /dbhome/oracle/orac901/admin/orac901/pfile/cntrlorac901.ora
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To back up the Oracle archive logs, you need to specify their location.
Enter the directory path to your Oracle archive logs?
/dbhome/oracle/orac901/admin/orac901/arch
Do you have more archive log locations? (y/n): n
Do you want the output of successful executions of the NetBackup scripts mailed to you? y
Please enter the mail address to send it to? [email protected]
Do you want the output of unsuccessful executions of the NetBackup scripts mailed to you? y
Please enter the mail address to send it to? [email protected]
There are 4 backup methods to choose from:
ALTER_TABLESPACE - Use alter tablespace begin backup method
NODATA_CKPT_HOT - Use alter tablespace begin backup with nodata ckpts
SHUTDOWN_CKPT_RESTART - Shutdown, create the ckpt clones, and restart
SHUTDOWN_BKUP_RESTART - Shutdown the DB, backup, and then restart
If one of the methods requiring DB shutdown are selected, you may experience problems with timeouts if the database can't be shut down in a timely manner. You may want to change the shutdown command in the notify scripts to shutdown immediate, or you may have to increase the BPSTART_TIMEOUT value in the bp.conf file on the master server, or you may want to change the backup method to ALTER_TABLESPACE or NODATA_CKPT_HOT.
Note: the default BPSTART_TIMEOUT value is 300 seconds.
Do you want to use the ALTER_TABLESPACE method? y
You now need to decide on how many NetBackup policies you will have backing up simultaneously. The first one you enter will be known as the POLICY_IN_CONTROL in the scripts and will perform any needed
DB operations. When you create the policies on the NetBackup server, you will have to divide the filesystems between these policies.
Please enter the name of the policy that will be the POLICY_IN_CONTROL? BLI_1
Please enter the name of another policy or DONE to stop? BLI_2
Please enter the name of another policy or DONE to stop? BLI_3
Please enter the name of another policy or DONE to stop? BLI_4
Please enter the name of another policy or DONE to stop? BLI_5
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Please enter the name of another policy or DONE to stop? BLI_6
Please enter the name of another policy or DONE to stop? DONE
Performing backups and restores
After the installation and configuration are complete, you can use the NetBackup interfaces to start Oracle backups and restores. You can run backups manually by using schedules that you determine. You can also run a schedule manually.
Note: You must be the root user to perform all operations using the BLI backup software.
About NetBackup for Oracle agent automatic backups
The best way to back up databases is to set up schedules for automatic backups.
Note: You must be the root user to perform all operations using the BLI backup software.
Note:
For HP-UX PA-RISC checkpoints to unmount and be cleaned up, create touch file
/usr/openv/netbackup/AIO_READS_MAX that contains the value 1.
About NetBackup for Oracle manual backups
You can also run an Automatic Backup schedule manually using the NetBackup
Administration Console. For information about performing manual backups of schedules, see the NetBackup Administrator’s Guide, Volume I .
Note: You must be the root user to perform all operations using the BLI backup software.
Note: For HP-UX PA-RISC checkpoints to unmount and be cleaned up, create touch file
/usr/openv/netbackup/AIO_READS_MAX that contains the value 1.
To perform a cold (offline) backup, set the environment variable
METHOD in the bpstart_notify script on the client to
SHUTDOWN_BKUP_RESTART
. The bpstart_notify script shuts down the database before the backup begins and the bpend_notify script restarts the database after the backup completes.
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To perform a hot (online) backup using Fulldata Storage Checkpoints, make sure the database is running in
ARCHIVELOG mode and set the variable
METHOD to
ALTER_TABLESPACE
. The bpstart_notify script changes the tablespaces to online backup mode before the backup begins, and the post_checkpoint_notify script changes the tablespaces back to normal mode after the Fulldata Storage
Checkpoints are created.
To perform a Nodata Storage Checkpoint Hot (online) backup, make sure the database is running in
ARCHIVELOG mode and set the environment variable
METHOD in the bpstart_notify script to
NODATA_CKPT_HOT
. The bpstart_notify script changes the tablespaces to online backup mode before the backup begins. The bpend_notify script changes the tablespaces back to normal mode after the backup completes.
To perform a quick freeze backup, set the environment variable
METHOD in the bpstart_notify script to
SHUTDOWN_CKPT_RESTART
. The bpstart_notify script shuts down the database and the post_checkpoint_notify script restarts it immediately after the Fulldata Storage Checkpoints are created. Taking VxFS
Fulldata Storage Checkpoints is very fast (within a minute), and with the NetBackup queuing delay for scheduling the backup jobs, the database down time is typically only a few minutes.
Backing up Quick I/O files
A Quick I/O file consists of two components: a hidden file with the space allocated for it, and a link that points to the Quick I/O interface of the hidden file. Because
NetBackup does not follow symbolic links, you must specify both the Quick I/O link and its hidden file in the list of files to be backed up.
Note: You must be the root user to perform all operations using the BLI backup software.
For example: ls -la /db02 total 2192 drwxr-xr-x 2 root drwxr-xr-x 9 root root root
96 Jan 20 17:39 .
8192 Jan 20 17:39 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle dba 1048576 Jan 20 17:39 .cust.dbf
lrwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba 22 Jan 20 17:39 cust.dbf ->\
.cust.dbf::cdev:vxfs:
The preceding example shows that you must include both the symbolic link cust.dbf
and the hidden file
.cust.dbf
in the backup file list.
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If you want to back up all Quick I/O files in a directory, you can simplify the process by only specifying the directory to be backed up. In this case, both components of each Quick I/O file is properly backed up. In general, you should specify directories to be backed up unless you only want to back up some, files in those directories.
Note:
For HP-UX PA-RISC checkpoints to unmount and be cleaned up, create touch file
/usr/openv/netbackup/AIO_READS_MAX that contains the value 1.
Restoring BLI backup images
Restoring the backup images that a BLI backup creates is no different than restoring the backup images that are created using the default NetBackup configuration.
Restoring to any of the incremental backup images requires NetBackup to restore the last full backup image and all the subsequent incremental backups until the specified incremental backup image is restored. NetBackup does this automatically.
The media that stored the last full and the subsequent incrementals must be available, or the restore cannot proceed.
You can start the restore operations from the NetBackup client by using the Backup,
Archive, and Restore interface. To restore the latest copy of each file, select either the files or parent directories with the latest backup date, and click Restore. For more information on restoring, see the NetBackup Backup, Archive, and Restore
Getting Started Guide .
If the operation is to restore files from an incremental backup image, NetBackup issues multiple restore operations beginning from the last full backup image and the subsequent incremental backup images until the selected date. The activity of multiple restores is logged in the Progress Log.
If you plan to restore files backed up by another client or to direct a restore to another client, start the restore from the NetBackup server using the Backup, Archive, and
Restore interface. Before you initiate a restore, a backup must have successfully completed or an error occurs during the execution.
For Solaris, the restore destination can be a VxFS or UFS file system. The destination file system does not need to support the Storage Checkpoint feature, but to be able to perform BLI backups of the restored data, a VxFS file system with the Storage Checkpoint feature is required.
For HP-UX, the restore destination can be a VxFS or HFS file system. The destination file system does not need to support the Storage Checkpoint feature to restore files. However, a VxFS file system with the Storage Checkpoint feature is required to perform BLI backups of the restored data.
For AIX, the restore destination can be a VxFS or JFS file system. The destination file system does not need to support the Storage Checkpoint feature to restore files.
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However, a VxFS file system with the Storage Checkpoint feature is required to perform BLI backups of the restored data.
Note that restoring a file causes all blocks in that file to be rewritten. Thus, all the blocks in the file are considered to have been modified. Thus, the first subsequent differential incremental backup and all subsequent cumulative incremental backups back up all of the blocks in the restored file. If you are restoring an entire database or a file system, the first subsequent backup backs up all blocks that are restored.
To restore a Quick I/O file, if both the symbolic link and the hidden file already exist,
NetBackup restores both components from the backup image. If either one of the two components is missing, or both components are missing, NetBackup creates or overwrites as needed.
Oracle database recovery might be necessary after restoring the files. See the
Oracle documentation for more information on doing database recovery.
About NetBackup backup and restore logs
NetBackup provides logs on the database backup and restore operations. These logs are useful for finding problems that are associated with those operations. The following table describes the most useful logs and reports for troubleshooting backup and restore operations.
Log file type
NetBackup progress logs
Table E-2
NetBackup backup and restore logs
Description
For user-directed backups and restores performed with Backup, Archive, and Restore interface, the most convenient log to use for NetBackup is the progress log. The progress log file is written to the user's home directory, by default in
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs/user_ops/username/logs
. This log indicates whether
NetBackup was able to complete its part of the operation. You can view the progress log from the Backup, Archive, and Restore interface, or you can use a file editor such as vi(1).
NetBackup debug logs The NetBackup server and client software provide debug logs for troubleshooting problems that occur outside of BLI backups. To enable these debug logs on the server or client, create the appropriate directories under the following directory:
NetBackup reports
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs
For more information on debug logs, see the NetBackup Troubleshooting Guide or see the
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs/README.debug
file.
In addition to logs, NetBackup provides a set of reports that help isolate problems. One report is All Log Entries on the server. For a description of all reports, see the NetBackup
Administrator’s Guide, Volume I .
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252
About troubleshooting backup or restore errors
A backup or restore error can originate from NetBackup for Oracle, from the
NetBackup server or client, from the Media Manager, or from VxFS. In addition to examining log files and reports, you should determine at which stage of the backup or restore operation the problem occurred. You can also use NetBackup status codes to determine the cause of the problem.
Troubleshooting stages of backup and restore operations
Refer to the following list to determine the source of a backup or restore error:
■
■
A backup or restore can be started in either of the following ways:
■
Manually from the administrator interface on the master server
■
Automatically by a NetBackup server using a full schedule or incremental schedule
If an error occurs during the start operation, examine the Java reports window for the possible cause of the error.
If the backup or restore starts successfully but eventually fails, one of the following can be the cause:
■
■
■
Server/Client communication problem
Schedule error
Media-related error
■
■
■
VxFS errors
For more information, see the NetBackup Troubleshooting Guide .
There can be insufficient disk space for the VxFS Fulldata Storage Checkpoints to keep track of changed block information. Check the
All Log Entries report for errors.
If there is a file system out-of-space condition, increase the size of the file system so it is large enough for Fulldata Storage Checkpoints or use the Nodata Storage
Checkpoint Hot backup method. This error does not affect the integrity of the backup images because a full backup of the affected file system occurs after the condition is fixed.
If an incremental backup is intended, but the whole file system is backed up instead, one of the following conditions might be present:
■
■
Storage Checkpoints that keep track of changes have been removed
The Block level incremental attribute is not selected
■
Other errors with a nonzero status code
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The most common cause of this problem is the file system removed the Storage
Checkpoint that keeps track of the block changes. This action might occur if the file system runs out of space, and there are no volumes available to allocate to the file system. The integrity of the backup images is not affected, because a full backup of the file system occurs at the next backup opportunity after
NetBackup detects that a Storage Checkpoint is missing.
NetBackup restore and backup status codes
The status codes and their meanings are as follows:
■
■
Status Code 9. An extension package is needed but was not installed.
The client does not have the NetBackup binaries required to do BLI backups.
Use update_clients on the server to push out new binaries. Also, use vxlicense -p to verify that the Storage Checkpoint feature [83] and the Veritas
Storage Foundation for Oracle [100] are installed.
Status Code 69. Invalid file list specification.
Look for a message such as the following in the error log on the server:
FTL - /oradata is not in a VxFS file system. A block incremental backup of it is not possible.
■
This indicates that there was an attempt to back up a file system that is not a
VxFS file system with the Block level incremental attribute. This error can also occur if the file system is not mounted.
Status Code 73.
bpstart_notify failed.
When running the notify scripts, the bpstart_notify script exited with a nonzero status code, or the permission bits are set wrong on the bpstart_notify script.
The script must have execute permission. If the permission bits are set, check the bpstart_notify_output.ORACLE_SID file in the
/usr/openv/netbackup/bin/BLOCK_INCR directory.
■
Status Code 74. Client timed out waiting for bpstart_notify to complete.
Check the
BPSTART_TIMEOUT setting on the NetBackup server. The
BPSTART_TIMEOUT specified did not allow enough time for the script to complete.
The shutdown database operation might be taking too long, or the script might be waiting for other streams to start. Check the bpstart_notify_output.ORACLE_SID file and the post_checkpoint_notify_output.ORACLE_SID file in the
/usr/openv/netbackup/bin/BLOCK_INCR directory. Make sure that the policies and schedules are configured with appropriate multiplexing factors and that the required storage units that allow all streams to start at the same time are configured. Check to see if all needed tape drives are working and available.
Script-based block-level incremental (BLI) backups without RMAN on UNIX and Linux systems
About troubleshooting backup or restore errors
254
■
■
Make sure that the database is not processing transactions so that the instance cannot be shut down immediately (if you are using one of the backup methods where the database is shut down).
Finally, make sure that the priority on the BLI policies is higher than other policies, so they get access to the tape drives before the other policies.
Status Code 75. Client timed out waiting for bpend_notify to complete.
Check the
BPEND_TIMEOUT setting on the NetBackup server. The
BPEND_TIMEOUT specified did not allow enough time for the script to complete. The restart database operation might be taking too long, or the script might be waiting for other streams to call the bpend_notify script. Check the bpend_notify_output.ORACLE_SID file and the post_checkpoint_notify_output.ORACLE_SID file in the
/usr/openv/netbackup/bin/BLOCK_INCR directory. Make sure that the policies and schedules are configured with appropriate multiplexing factors and that the required storage units that can allow all streams to be started at the same time are configured. Verify that all needed tape drives are working and available during backup.
Status Code 77. Execution of the specified system command returned a nonzero status code.
Check the post_checkpoint_notify_output.KEYWORD file in the
/usr/openv/netbackup/bin/BLOCK_INCR directory for the possible cause. The post_checkpoint_notify script exited with a nonzero status code.
■
Status Code 143. Invalid command protocol.
Check to see if the Block level incremental policy attribute is selected without a keyword specified. Set the Keyword phrase in the policies to the Oracle instance name (
$ORACLE_SID
).
Improving NetBackup backup performance
If backups are running slowly, check to see if the database has an excessive workload. BLI backups allow hot database backups and quick freeze database backups. Because the database is running during both of these backup methods while NetBackup is backing up the database files, Oracle I/O can affect the backup performance.
If the database is not running with a high transaction volume, troubleshoot
NetBackup. If the incremental backup takes a long time to finish, it could mean that there are more changed blocks since the last incremental backup. Verify whether the size of the incremental backup image has increased, and consider increasing the frequency of incremental backups.
Script-based block-level incremental (BLI) backups without RMAN on UNIX and Linux systems
About troubleshooting backup or restore errors
255
Finally, you can improve the speed at which backup is performed by using multiplexed backups. Assigning multiple policies to the same backup device is helpful when devices are not writing at their maximum capacity.
About BLI backup and database recovery
A BLI backup does not perform automatic database recovery. This process includes restoring the database files from NetBackup images and applying the Oracle redo log files to the database files. Follow the Oracle documentation to perform database recovery after a restore.
Appendix
F
XML Archiver
This appendix includes the following topics:
■
NetBackup for Oracle XML export and XML import
■
About the environment variables set by a user in the XML export parameter file
■
About XML export templates and shell scripts
■
Performing an XML export archive
■
Browsing XML export archives using bporaimp parameters
■
Browsing XML export archives using bplist
■
Restoring an XML export archive
■
Troubleshooting XML export or XML import errors
■
Additional XML export and import logs
NetBackup for Oracle XML export and XML import
While Oracle RMAN performs backup, restore, and recovery of physical Oracle database objects (data files, tablespaces, control files, and archived redo logs), the
NetBackup for Oracle XML export and XML import utilities provide backup and restore of logical database objects (tables, users, and rows).
The XML format is used to provide a self-identifying and system-independent format ideal for database archiving.
NetBackup for Oracle XML export and import archiving features
describes NetBackup for Oracle XML export and XML import archiving features.
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257
Table F-1
NetBackup for Oracle XML export and XML import archiving features
Feature Description
System- and database-independent archive format
NetBackup for Oracle uses the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) standard to represent relational database table data that is extracted from an Oracle database.
The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is a universal format for structured documents and data. The XML 1.0 standards are produced by the World Wide Web Consortium and include the XML
Schema standard.
Unicode UTF-8 is the character set encoding generated by
NetBackup for Oracle. Standard XML processors support UTF-8.
US7ASCII is a strict subset of UTF-8.
Self-identifying archive format
The XML Schema standard is used to describe the table data that is included in an archive. In this way, the archive contains the key to understanding the format of the data as well as the data itself.
Command line interfaces that allow export and import at row-level granularity
Restore destination option
Parameter files specify the table data to include in an archive and the table data to extract from an archive for import into an Oracle database.
NetBackup for Oracle can either restore XML data to an operating system directory or import the data back into the Oracle database.
Flexible archive image searches
The NetBackup catalog contains information on the contents of the archive that can be searched by using flexible search criteria, such as tablename or user.
XML export archive process
shows the XML export archive process.
XML Archiver
NetBackup for Oracle XML export and XML import
258
Figure F-1
XML export archives
Command line
Backup, archive, and restore interface
1
Script or template (bporaexp or bporaexp64)
Table list WHERE clause
NetBackup
Scheduler
2
Query processor
3
Table metadata / Table data
4
5
XML generator
XML schema / XML instances
OCI
Oracle DBMS
6
OS Directory
NetBackup
describes the archive activity.
Table F-2 Archive activity
Activity
Oracle XML archive
Process
NetBackup for Oracle extracts database table data, converts it into XML format, and stores XML data to either of the following types of repositories:
■
■
A directory
A storage unit
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259
Table F-2
Activity
XML export
Archive
Archive activity (continued) bporaexp/bporaexp64 command
Process
NetBackup for Oracle converts Oracle table data to XML format (XML schema, or metadata, and XML instance, or data).
NetBackup stores the XML data on a NetBackup storage unit.
NetBackup for Oracle’s XML export utility converts Oracle database table data into a self-identifying XML schema document and instance document. They can be archived by
NetBackup or redirected to an OS directory.
Sequence of operation: XML export archive
shows data flow.
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260
XML export archive data flow
Figure F-2
XML schema(s), XML instance(s)
XML generator
XML schema(s), XML instance(s)
Option to create XML files on disk
NetBackup
Table(s) metadata, Table(s) data
Oracle DBMS
OCI
Query processor
Table list WHERE clause
Script or template
(bporaexp)
(Parameter file)
Command line
Backup, archive, and restore interface
Scheduler
NetBackup
NetBackup for Oracle users or automatic schedules start database XML export archives by performing a manual backup of an Oracle policy, by invoking the script or template at the command line on the client, or by invoking a template through the Backup, Archive, and Restore interface.
For an XML export archive:
■
The NetBackup for Oracle script or template calls the bporaexp utility with a specified parameter file.
■
■
The query processor uses the parameters in the specified file to build an SQL query for each table.
Oracle’s OCI API executes the queries on the Oracle instance to be archived.
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261
■
■
■
■
The query processor passes the output (including metadata and data for a single table or multiple tables) to the XML Generator.
For each table passed, the XML generator builds one or more sets of XML schema and XML instance documents.
XML data streams are backed up by NetBackup.
Alternately, bporaexp allows the files to be saved to an operating system directory.
XML import restore process
shows the XML import restore process.
Figure F-3 XML import restores
OS Directory
Restore
NetBackup
XML export
XML Format
OS Directory
describes the restore activity.
Table F-3 Restore activity
Activity
Oracle XML Restore
Restore
XML import
Process
NetBackup for Oracle manages the retrieval of archived database table data, the parsing of the XML format, and the insertion of the data back into the Oracle database.
NetBackup retrieves the XML-formatted data from the storage unit.
NetBackup for Oracle parses XML-formatted Oracle table data and inserts data into the Oracle database.
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262
Table F-3
Activity
Restore activity (continued) bporaimp/bporamip64 commands
Process
NetBackup for Oracle’s XML import utility can parse the
XML-formatted data for re-insertion into the database or can redirect the data to an OS directory.
Sequence of operation: XML import restore
shows data flow.
Figure F-4
XML import restore data flow
XML schema(s), XML instance(s)
Option to restore XML files on disk
Oracle DBMS
XML Parser
Table(s) metadata,
Table(s) data
OCI
XML data loader
XML schema(s), XML instance(s)
NetBackup
Archive name
Keyword
Table name
Script or template
( bporaimp)
(Parameter file)
Command line or Backup, Archive, and Restore interface
NetBackup for Oracle users start database XML import restores by invoking a
NetBackup for Oracle script or template at the client command line or by invoking an XML import restore template through the Backup, Archive, and Restore interface.
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263
For an XML import restore:
■
■
The NetBackup for Oracle script or template calls the bporaimp utility with a specified parameter file.
The input parameters that identify the XML archive to restore are passed to
NetBackup.
■
■
■
NetBackup locates and reads the set of XML schema and instance documents from the NetBackup storage unit.
The XML data stream is passed to an XML parser, which passes the data to the XML data loader.
The XML data loader uses Oracle’s OCI API to insert the data into the database.
Optionally, bporaimp allows the XML data stream to bypass the XML parser and be sent to an operating system directory. In addition, users can restore the table metadata only into an operating system directory.
bporaimp also allows import from an operating system directory into Oracle.
About the environment variables set by a user in the
XML export parameter file
You can set the XML export parameter file in the Oracle user’s environment. If you use templates, use the template generation wizard to set these variables.
On UNIX and Linux:
See
“About the environment variables set by a user in the XML export parameter file”
on page 263.
On Windows:
See
“Creating XML export templates using the NetBackup for Oracle wizard
on page 266.
shows the NetBackup for Oracle environment variables.
Table F-4
NetBackup for Oracle environment variables
Environment variable
NB_ORA_SERV
NB_ORA_CLIENT
Purpose
Specifies the name of NetBackup master server.
Specifies the name of the Oracle client.
On Windows, this variable is useful for specifying a virtual client name in a cluster.
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About XML export templates and shell scripts
264
Table F-4
NetBackup for Oracle environment variables (continued)
Environment variable
NB_ORA_POLICY
Purpose
Specifies the name of the policy to use for the Oracle backup.
To define NB_ORA_POLICY, use the RMAN PARMS statement or send statement in Oracle shell scripts. For example:
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch01 TYPE 'SBT_TAPE' ; send 'NB_ORA_POLICY=Oracle_Backup' ;
BACKUP
NB_ORA_SCHED
Specifies the name of the Application Backup schedule to use for the Oracle backup.
About XML export templates and shell scripts
The following sections describe XML export templates and shell scripts. The templates and scripts are as follows:
Templates. The NetBackup for Oracle XML export wizard creates XML export templates. This wizard is initiated from the NetBackup Backup, Archive, and Restore interface.
The NetBackup for Oracle XML export wizard does not support all of the parameters that the command line utility bporaexp provides. You can write a shell script if a template does not provide all of the required functionality.
Shell scripts. The user writes the shell scripts. They must conform to the operating system’s shell syntax. Sample XML export and import shell scripts are installed on the client with the NetBackup for Oracle agent. Modify these scripts to meet your individual requirements.
NetBackup for Oracle also provides a utility, bpdbsbora
, that can generate a shell script from an XML export or import wizard template. A user can then create a template with the wizard and generate a shell script from it. The user can run or modify the shell script.
Creating XML export templates using the NetBackup for Oracle wizard (UNIX and Linux)
NetBackup for Oracle provides a wizard that solicits information about desired XML export operations. The wizard uses the information to create a template that can
XML Archiver
About XML export templates and shell scripts
265 be run immediately or saved in a NetBackup-specific location on the current master server for later use.
To create XML export templates using the NetBackup for Oracle wizard
1 Open the Backup, Archive, and Restore interface.
See
“Starting the NetBackup Backup, Archive, and Restore interface”
on page 94.
2 Click the Backup Files tab.
3
In the left pane of the Backup, Archive, and Restore interface, expand the
Oracle node.
4 In the left pane, select the Oracle instance.
Database objects that can be exported are listed under the Users node. Only the schema owners and objects accessible by the current user logon displays.
5 Expand the Users list to the schema owners of the objects to be exported.
6
In the right pane, select the Oracle objects to export.
7 Choose Actions > Backup to start the wizard.
The NetBackup for Oracle XML export wizard displays the following screens for you to enter information about the export operation you want to perform:
■
■
■
■
Welcome
Target Database Logon Credentials
Configuration Options
Archive Export Options
■
NetBackup Archive Destination Options
If you need an explanation of any of the fields on the wizard screens or more details, click Help on the wizard screen.
8
When you have completed the wizard, the Template Summary screen displays the summary of the XML export template.
You can choose to run the template immediately after the wizard finishes, save the template to the master server, or both. For explanations of your choices, click Help.
To save, to run, or to save and run the template, click Finish.
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266
Creating XML export templates using the NetBackup for Oracle wizard (Windows)
NetBackup for Oracle provides a wizard that solicits information about desired XML export operations. The wizard uses the information to create a template that can be run immediately or saved in a NetBackup-specific location on the current master server for later use.
To create XML export templates by using the NetBackup for Oracle wizard
1
Open the Backup, Archive, and Restore interface.
See
“Starting the NetBackup Backup, Archive, and Restore interface”
on page 94.
2
Choose File > Select Files and Folders to Backup.
3 In the left pane, expand the Oracle node.
Select a node in the left pane to view its details in the right pane.
4 (Optional) Enter your Oracle database logon User name and Password with
SYSDBA privileges.
Perform this step if your current logon does not have Oracle SYSDBA privileges.
Optionally, also enter your Net service name (TNS alias).
5
In the left pane of the Backup, Archive, and Restore interface, select the Oracle instance.
Database objects that can be exported are listed under the Users node. Only the schema owners and objects accessible by the current user logon display.
6
Expand the User list to the schema owners of the objects to export.
7 In the right pane, select the Oracle objects to export.
8
Choose Actions > Backup to start the wizard.
The NetBackup for Oracle XML Export Template Generation Wizard displays the following screens for you to enter information about the export operation that you want:
■
Welcome
■
Target Database Logon Credentials
■
■
■
Configuration Options
Archive Export Options
NetBackup Archive Destination Options
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267
If you need an explanation of any of the fields on the wizard screens or more details, click Help on the wizard screen.
9
After you complete the wizard, the Selection Summary screen displays the summary of the XML export template.
You can run the template immediately after the wizard finishes, save the template to the master server, or both. For explanations of your choices, click
Help.
To save, to run, or to save and run the template, click Finish.
Creating an XML export script from a template
You can use the bpdbsbora command to create a script from an XML export template. This command generates XML export shell scripts from the templates that the XML export wizard creates.
To create an XML export script from a template
◆ At the command prompt, type this command using the following options: bpdbsbora -export -g script_file -t templ_name -S server_name where:
-export
-g script_file
-t templ_name
-S server_name
Specifies the template type.
Specifies the name of the file to which you want bpdbsbora to write the script. Enclose script_file in quotation marks if it contains blanks. This option cannot be used with the -r (run) option.
Specifies the name of the template that you want to use as the basis for the script. Make sure that the template exists . bpdbsbora retrieves XML export templates from a known location on the master server, so specify only the template file name.
Specifies the master server upon which the template resides. When you specify the bpdbsbora command, it retrieves XML export templates from the specified master server.
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About XML export templates and shell scripts
268
Creating XML export scripts manually
When the database agent was initially installed, the installation software wrote example scripts to the following locations:
■
For export:
UNIX/Linux: /usr/openv/netbackup/ext/db_ext/oracle/samples/bporaexp
Windows: install_path\NetBackup\dbext\Oracle\samples\bporaexp
■
For import:
UNIX/Linux: /usr/openv/netbackup/ext/db_ext/oracle/samples/bporaimp
Windows: install_path\NetBackup\dbext\Oracle\samples\bporaimp
The example export scripts that are installed in bporaexp are as follows:
UNIX and Linux: data_archiver_export.sh
Windows: data_archiver_export.cmd
UNIX and Linux: data_archiver_export64.sh
bporaexp_help.param
bporaexp_partitions.param
bporaexp_table_to_files.param
bporaexp_tables.param
bporaexp_tables_rows.param
The example import scripts that are installed in bporaimp are as follows:
UNIX and Linux: data_archiver_import.sh
data_archiver_import64.sh
Windows: data_archiver_import.cmd
bporaimp_archive.param
bporaimp_archive_schema_to_files.param
bporaimp_archive_to_users.param
bporaimp_bfile_table.param
bporaimp_help.param
bporaimp_ignore_rows_table.param
bporaimp_large_table.param
bporaimp_list.param
bporaimp_old_archive.param
bporaimp_partitions.pram
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Performing an XML export archive
269 bporaimp_table_from_files.param
bporaimp_table_to_files.param
bporaimp_table_to_user.param
bporaimp_tables.param
To use the example scripts
1
Copy the example scripts to a different directory on your client. Oracle scripts can be located anywhere on the client.
2 Modify each script for your environment.
3
On UNIX and Linux, make sure that the su command logs into the correct user.
If you do not include an su - user
(user is Oracle administrator account) in your Oracle scripts, they do not run with the proper permissions and environment variables. The result is problems with your database backups and restores.
Performing an XML export archive
The following sections describe how to perform an XML export archive.
Table F-5 Tasks and commands
Task Commands used to accomplish the task
Automatic backup of an
Oracle policy
As with Oracle backups using RMAN, the most convenient way to create Oracle archives that consist of XML exports of data from your database is to set up schedules for automatic backups. The Oracle policy runs NetBackup for Oracle templates or shell scripts. For a backup using RMAN, a backup template is used, and for an XML export, an XML export template is used.
When the NetBackup scheduler invokes a schedule for an automatic backup, the NetBackup for Oracle XML export templates or shell scripts run as follows:
■
■
In the same order as they appear in the file list
On all clients in the client list
The NetBackup for Oracle XML export template or shell scripts start the XML export by running the NetBackup bporaexp or bporaexp64 utility.
Manual backup of an
Oracle policy
The administrator can use the NetBackup server software to manually run an automatic backup schedule for the Oracle policy. For more information, see the NetBackup
Administrator’s Guide, Volume I .
See
“Testing configuration settings for NetBackup for Oracle”
on page 102.
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270
Task
User-directed XML exports from the client
Table F-5
Tasks and commands (continued)
Commands used to accomplish the task
The following sections describe procedures for performing user-directed XML exports.
■
■
■
■
■
■
Running NetBackup for Oracle XML export templates.
See
“Running NetBackup for Oracle XML export templates”
on page 270.
Using bpdbsbora to run an XML export template.
See
“Using bpdbsbora to run an XML export template”
on page 271.
Running the NetBackup for Oracle XML export script on the client.
See
“Running the NetBackup for Oracle XML export script on the client”
on page 272.
Running bporaexp on the client as an Oracle user.
See
“Running bporaexp on the client as an Oracle user”
on page 272.
Writing to a directory versus writing to a storage unit.
See
“Writing to a directory versus writing to a storage unit”
on page 273.
bporaexp parameters
See
on page 275.
Running NetBackup for Oracle XML export templates
The Template Administration interface is available in the Backup, Archive, and
Restore interface.
Use this dialog to run, edit, delete, rename, and view existing XML export templates.
These are the templates created by the NetBackup for Oracle XML Export Wizard and stored in a predetermined location on the master server.
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271
To use Oracle template administration
1
In the Backup, Archive, and Restore interface, click Actions > Administer
Database Templates > Oracle.
The Oracle template administration window appears.
The Select Template list shows the names, descriptions, and types of the
Oracle templates that are stored on the current master server.
2 Select the name of the XML export template you want to run.
3
Click Run.
The Oracle template administration window provides the following functions:
Run
Edit
Delete
Rename
View
Runs the selected template.
Changes the contents of an existing template. The selected XML export template is loaded into the NetBackup for Oracle XML export template generation wizard.
Removes the selected template.
On UNIX and Linux, you must be the root user or the template creator to delete a template.
On Windows, you must be the administrator or the template creator to delete a template.
Changes the name of the selected template.
On UNIX and Linux, you must be the root user or the template creator to rename a template.
On Windows, you must be the administrator or the template creator to rename a template.
Displays a summary of the selected template.
Using bpdbsbora to run an XML export template
The bpdbsbora command lets you run an XML export template that is created by the NetBackup for Oracle XML export wizard.
At the command prompt, type this command using the following options: bpdbsbora -export -r -t templ_name [-S server_name] [-L prog_log]
Where:
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272
-export
-r
-t templ_name
-S server_name
-L prog_log
Specifies the template type.
Runs the template.
Specifies the name of the template that you want to use.
bpdbsbora retrieves XML export templates from a known location on the master server, so specify only the file name.
Optional. Identifies the master server. bpdbsbora retrieves XML export templates from a specific master server when you specify this option.
Optional. Specifies a runtime process log. Enclose prog_log in quotation marks (" ") if it contains space characters.
For example: bpdbsbora -export -r -t sales.tpl -S my_server -L my_progress_log
Running the NetBackup for Oracle XML export script on the client
You can initiate a database XML export from the operating system command prompt:
Type the full path to the shell script that performs the export. For example:
UNIX/Linux: /oracle/scripts/data_archiver_export.sh
Windows: N:\oracle\scripts\data_archiver_export.cmd
The operating system shell starts the database XML export archive by running the
XML export script. The XML export script contains commands to run bporaexp
.
The NetBackup for Oracle installation script installs sample scripts in the following location:
UNIX/Linux: /usr/openv/netbackup/ext/db_ext/oracle/samples/bporaexp
Windows: install_path\NetBackup\dbext\oracle\samples\bporaexp
Running bporaexp on the client as an Oracle user
As an Oracle user you can also run the bporaexp command ( bporaexp64 on some platforms) from the operating system command prompt and specify a parameter file.
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273
To run bporaexp on the client as an Oracle user
1
Create a parameter file that specifies the settings that determine how the backup is to be performed. Information is available about the bporaexp parameters.
See
on page 275.
2
Run the following command to specify the parameter file:
# bporaexp [username/password] parfile = filename | help=y
3
Configure the runtime environment, because this method does not call the full script that includes the runtime configuration.
On UNIX and Linux, check the sample scripts for runtime environment details.
See
“About configuring the run-time environment”
on page 88.
bporaexp creates a set of XML schema and instance documents that can be used to archive Oracle table data. For each archive, one master XML schema (
.xsd
) document is generated. In addition, bporaexp generates a table-specific schema
(
.xsd
) document and a table specific instance (
.xml
) document for each table.
Additional files are created if the table contains
LONG or
LOB columns.
See
“Performing an XML export archive”
on page 269.
Writing to a directory versus writing to a storage unit
One important aspect of the parameter file is the
DIRECTORY parameter. If you specify the
DIRECTORY parameter, the bporaexp
( bpdbsbora64 on some platforms) command writes the backup files to the operating system directory you specify.
NetBackup does not write the files to a storage unit.
For example, assume that the archive test1 contains one table,
USER1
. If the directory parameter is specified, NetBackup creates certain files when you run the bporaexp command.
UNIX/Linux: DIRECTORY=/db/netbackup/xml
Windows: DIRECTORY=\db\netbackup\xml
shows the files NetBackup creates when you run the command.
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274
Table F-6
NetBackup files for example table USER1
File Content
UNIX and Linux: /db/netbackup/xml/test1/test1.xsd
Master XML schema for table
USER1
Windows: \db\netbackup\xml\test1\test1.xsd
Table schema for table
USER1
UNIX and Linux:
/db/netbackup/xml/test1/USER1/TEST1.xsd
Windows:
\db\netbackup\xml\test1\USER1\TEST1.xsd
UNIX and Linux:
/db/netbackup/xml/test1/USER1/TEST1.xml
Windows:
\db\netbackup\xml\test1\USER1\TEST1.xml
XML document for table
USER1
If the
DIRECTORY parameter is not specified, NetBackup writes the backup images to a storage unit. A NetBackup backup set is created and cataloged under the name:
UNIX and Linux: /Oracle/XMLArchive
Windows: \Oracle\XMLArchive
All NetBackup for Oracle bporaexp backups are cataloged using this convention.
Alternatively, if the parameter file does not contain the
DIRECTORY parameter,
NetBackup creates and catalogs the following files:
UNIX and Linux:
/Oracle/XMLArchive/test1/test1.xsd
/Oracle/XMLArchive/test1/USER1/TEST1.xsd
/Oracle/XMLArchive/test1/USER1/TEST1.xml
Windows:
\Oracle\XMLArchive\test1\test1.xsd
\Oracle\XMLArchive\test1\USER1\TEST1.xsd
\Oracle\XMLArchive\test1\USER1\TEST1.xml
In production, do not use the
DIRECTORY parameter in the bporaexp parameter file.
When you write to a storage unit, NetBackup offers the features that include searching and cataloging with the NetBackup catalog and automatic handling of output that exceeds file system limits. With the
DIRECTORY parameter, file system limits, such as a 2 GB maximum, can cause an error.
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To run bporaexp on the client, run the following command: bporaexp [username/password] parfile = filename | help=y
On some UNIX platforms, the bporexp64 command is used.
About bporaexp parameters
This topic describes the available bporaexp
( bporaexp64 on some platforms) parameters.
Note the following:
■
Use the NetBackup parameters
NB_ORA_SERV
,
NB_ORA_CLIENT
,
NB_ORA_POLICY
, and
NB_ORA_SCHED to specify the NetBackup runtime configuration. Otherwise, the order of precedence for the runtime configuration variable settings is used.
■
Some parameters are valid only when you write to a storage unit. Other parameters are valid only when you write to a directory. In the following table, the Target Location column contains either Storage Unit or Directory to indicate whether the parameter in that row applies to writing to a storage unit or to a directory. Parameters that are recognized when you write to a directory are ignored when you write to a storage unit.
shows the available bporaexp parameters with their default values.
Parameter
CONSISTENT
DIRECTORY
HELP
Table F-7
Required?
N
N
N N bporaexp parameters and default values
Default
N no default
Description
Specifies if bporaexp uses the SET
TRANSACTION READ ONLY statement to ensure that the data from all tables is consistent to a single point in time and does not change during the execution of the bporaexp command. If the default of
CONSISTENT=N is used, each table is exported as an independent transaction.
Optionally specifies a directory for the output of the bporaexp utility.
Displays a help message with descriptions of bporaexp parameters. Does not export data if HELP=Y.
Target location
Directory
Directory
Directory
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Table F-7 bporaexp parameters and default values (continued)
Parameter
KEYWORD
LOG
NAME
NB_ORA_SERV
NB_ORA_CLIENT
NB_ORA_POLICY
NB_ORA_SCHED
OWNER
PARTITIONS
Required?
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Default no default
Description
Optionally specifies a keyword phrase that
NetBackup associates with the image being created by the archive operation. Values for
KEYWORD must be in double quotes.
Target location
Storage Unit
Directory no default Optionally specifies a file name to receive informational and error messages. If so, messages are logged on the log file and not displayed to the terminal display.
The name of the master XML schema file.
no default default master server
Optionally specifies the name of the
NetBackup master server.
default client Optionally specifies the name of the
NetBackup for Oracle client.
default Oracle policy
Optionally specifies the name of the
NetBackup for Oracle policy.
default backup policy schedule
Optionally specifies the name of the backup policy schedule to use.
no default
Y
Lists the Oracle schema owners to export.
For each owner, the tables, partitions, and views that are owned by that Oracle account are exported by default. The PARTITIONS and VIEWS parameters can be used to exclude partitions and views.
Optionally specifies whether or not table partitions are included. Only valid when used with the OWNER parameter.
Directory
Storage Unit
Storage Unit
Storage Unit
Storage Unit
Directory
Directory
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Parameter
QUERY
ROW_BUFFER
TABLES
USERID
VIEWS
Table F-7
Required?
N
N
Y
Y
N Y bporaexp parameters and default values (continued)
Default no default
1000 no default no default
Description
Selects a subset of rows from a set of tables.
The value of the query parameter is a string that contains a WHERE clause for a SQL select statement that is applied to all tables and table partitions listed in the TABLES parameter.
For example, if
TABLES = emp
, bonus and
QUERY = "where job = ‘SALESMAN’ and sal < 1600"
, two SQL statements are run:
■
■
SELECT*FROM emp where job=’SALESMAN’ and sal<1600;
SELECT*FROM bonus where job=’SALESMAN’ and sal<1600;
Each query that runs refers to a single table at a time in the FROM clause, so it is illegal to have a join in the WHERE clause.
Specifies the size, in rows, of the buffer used to fetch rows. Tables with LONG columns are fetched one row at a time. The maximum value allowed is 32767.
Lists the table names, view names, and partition names to export. The USERID must have SELECT privilege on the tables and views. The syntax used is:schema.table: partition name or schema.view name
Specifies the username/password (and optional connect string) of the user initiating the export. If a connect string is not provided, the ORACLE_SID environment variable is used.
Optionally specifies whether or not views are included. Only valid when used with the
OWNER parameter.
Target location
Directory
Directory
Directory
Directory
Directory
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Browsing XML export archives using bporaimp parameters
To use the bporaimp
( bporaimp64 on some platforms) command to browse XML export archives created by using bporaexp
( bporaexp64 on some platforms), create a parameter file with the desired search criteria. First, set the variables
LIST=Y and
USERID=username/
. Only the archives created using the Oracle
USERID are listed.
The Oracle password is not required. The operating system account that is running bporaimp has access only to archives that were created using the same account.
Note: Only XML export archives created using NetBackup mode are searched.
Exports stored in an operating system directory using the
DIRECTORY parameter are not searched.
Use the
NB_ORA_SERV and
NB_ORA_CLIENT parameters to specify the NetBackup server and client. Otherwise, the order of precedence for the runtime configuration variable settings is used. You can also include the
LOG parameter.
Information is available on the
LIST
,
LOG
,
NB_ORA_CLIENT
,
NB_ORA_SERV
, and
USERID parameters.
See
on page 283.
shows other parameters you can include in the parameter file.
Parameters you can include in a parameter file Table F-8
Parameter
ARCHIVE_DATE_FROM
ARCHIVE_DATE_TO
KEYWORD
Default no default no default no default
Description
Optionally specifies a start date for the archive search. Used with
ARCHIVE_DATE_TO to specify a range. The date format is
mm/dd/yyyy
[hh:mm:ss].
Optionally specifies an end date for the archive search. Used with
ARCHIVE_DATE_FROM to specify a range. The date format is
mm/dd/yyyy
[hh:mm:ss].
Optionally specifies a keyword phrase for NetBackup to use when searching for archives.
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Table F-8
Parameter
NAME
FROMUSER
TABLES
Parameters you can include in a parameter file (continued)
Default no default no default no default
Description
The name of the master XML schema file.
Optionally specifies a comma-separated list of table owners.
Optionally specifies a list of table and partition names that were included in an archive.
For example, assume you named the list parameter file bporaimp_list.param
. At the command prompt, type the following: bporaimp parfile = bporaimp_list.param
Note: On some UNIX platforms, the bporaimp64 command is used.
Browsing XML export archives using bplist
For a higher level view of the Oracle XML export archive list, you can use the bplist command. The result is the list of XML schema and instance document file names.
Note: Only XML export archives created using NetBackup mode are searched.
Exports stored in an operating system directory using the
DIRECTORY parameter are not searched.
The following UNIX or Linux example uses bplist to search all Oracle archives for a client named jupiter
. The sample output is produced for two archives, test1 and little_sales
, where each archive has one Oracle table ( test1 has
USER1.TEST1
and little_sales has
USER1.LITTLE_SALES
).
/usr/openv/netbackup/bin/bplist -C jupiter -t 4 -R /Oracle/XMLArch/
/Oracle/XMLArchive/test1/test1.xsd
/Oracle/XMLArchive/test1/USER1/TEST1.xsd
/Oracle/XMLArchive/test1/USER1/TEST1.xml
/Oracle/XMLArchive/little_sales/little_sales.xsd
/Oracle/XMLArchive/little_sales/USER1/LITTLE_SALES.xsd
/Oracle/XMLArchive/little_sales/USER1/LITTLE_SALES.xml
/exb_n2bm5bco_1_1392342936
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/exb_mabm02ko_1_1392170136
/exb_lqbltds6_1_1392083334
The following Windows example uses bplist to search all Oracle archives for a client named jupiter
. The sample output is produced for one archive, test
.
install_path\NetBackup\bin\bplist -C jupiter -t 4 -R Oracle:\XMLArch\
Oracle:\XMLArchive\test\test.xsd
Oracle:\XMLArchive\test\SCOTT\BONUS.xsd
Oracle:\XMLArchive\test\SCOTT\BONUS.xml
Oracle:\XMLArchive\test\SCOTT\DEPT.xsd
Oracle:\XMLArchive\test\SCOTT\DEPT.xml
Oracle:\XMLArchive\test\SCOTT\EMP.xsd
Oracle:\XMLArchive\test\SCOTT\EMP.xml
Oracle:\XMLArchive\test\SCOTT\SALGRADE.xsd
Oracle:\XMLArchive\test\SCOTT\SALGRADE.xml
The
-t 4 on this command specifies the Oracle backups or archives. The
-R specifies the default number of directory levels to search, 999.
For more information on this command, see the bplist man page in the NetBackup
Commands Reference Guide .
Restoring an XML export archive
Before you attempt to restore an archive, make sure that the XML archive has successfully completed. You can identify the correct archive to restore by browsing the XML export archives. NetBackup generates an error if an archive backup history does not exist.
Running the XML import wizard on the client
NetBackup for Oracle includes an XML import wizard that solicits information from the user about the desired import operations. The wizard uses the information to create a template. You can use the template immediately, or you can save it for later use.
The NetBackup for Oracle XML import wizard saves an XML import template locally in a user-specified location on the NetBackup client. XML import templates are not stored on the server because a restore is always user directed, not scheduled.
Typically, you run an XML import template immediately and then delete it.
The restore process requires a password for Oracle database access. Templates store encrypted passwords that are decrypted at runtime.
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To start the XML import wizard
1
Start the NetBackup Backup, Archive, and Restore interface.
On UNIX and Linux, from the command line, run the following command:
/usr/openv/netbackup/bin/jbpSA &
2
Do one of the following:
■
On UNIX and Linux: (Conditional) To change the policy type, choose Actions
> Specify NetBackup Machines and Policy Type.
■
On Windows: From the Windows Start menu, choose All Programs >
Symantec NetBackup > Backup, Archive, and Restore. To change the policy type, choose File > Specify NetBackup Machines and Policy Type.
Perform this step if the Oracle node is not visible.
3 Do one of the following:
■
■
On Windows, click Select for Restore.
On UNIX and Linux, click the Restore Files tab.
4
Expand the Oracle node in the left pane to view an Oracle instance hierarchy in the right pane.
To use the XML import wizard
1
In the left pane of the Backup, Archive, and Restore interface, select the Oracle instance.
Database objects that can be imported are listed under the Users node. The tool displays only the schema owners and objects accessible by the current user login.
2
Expand the Users list to the schema owners of the objects to be imported.
3 In the right pane, select database objects that exist in the archive to be restored.
4
Choose Actions > Restore.
5 Enter information about the restore operation you want to perform in the screens that the NetBackup for Oracle XML import wizard displays.
The screens are as follows:
■
■
■
Welcome
Target Database Logon Credentials
Archive Import Options
■
NetBackup Archive Source Options
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■
NetBackup Import Destination Options (Windows)
If you need an explanation of any of the fields on the wizard screens, or more details, click Help on the wizard screen.
6 Review the summary.
When you have completed the wizard, the Selection Summary screen displays the summary of the XML import template.
You can choose to run the template immediately after the wizard finishes, save the template locally, or both. For explanations of your choices, click Help.
Using bpdbsbora to run an XML import template
The bpdbsbora command allows you to run an XML import template created by the NetBackup XML import wizard.
At the command prompt, type this command with the following options: bpdbsbora -import -r -t template_name [-L progress_file] where:
-import
-r
-t template_name
-L progress_file
Specifies the template type.
Runs the template.
Specifies the full path name of the template you want to use.
Unlike backup templates, XML import templates do not reside in a predetermined location on the master server. They are considered to be temporary in nature and should reside on the client. If the full path is not specified as part of the XML import template name, it must reside in the current directory.
Optional. Specifies a run-time progress log. Enclose
progress_file in quotation marks (" ") if it contains space characters.
For example:
UNIX/Linux: bpdbsbora -import -r -t /oracle/imp_tpls/sales_imp.tpl -L prog_file
Windows: bpdbsbora -import -r -t H:\oracle\imp_tpls\sales_imp.tpl -L prog_file
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Running an XML import script on the client
You can initiate a restore from the operating system command prompt by typing the full path to the XML import script that initiates the restore. For example:
UNIX/Linux: /oracle/scripts/data_archiver_import.sh
Windows: H:\oracle\scripts\data_archiver_import.cmd
The operating system shell starts the database restore by running the XML import script file. The XML import script file contains commands to run bporaimp
( bporaimp64 on some platforms).
The NetBackup for Oracle installation script writes sample scripts to the following location:
UNIX/Linux: /usr/openv/netbackup/ext/db_ext/oracle/samples/bporaimp
Windows: install_path\NetBackup\dbext\oracle\samples\bporaimp
Running bporaimp on the client
Run the bporaimp command from the operating system command line on the client using the appropriate parameter file.
The Windows account that runs bporaimp has access only to XML export archives that were created using the same Windows account.
The UNIX account that runs bporaimp has access only to XML export archives that were created using the same UNIX account. Be sure to configure the runtime environment, because this method does not call the full script that includes the runtime configuration. Check the sample scripts for runtime environment details.
To run bporaimp on the client
◆
At the command prompt, type the bporaimp command in the following format: bporaimp [username/password] parfile = filename | help=y
On some UNIX platforms, the bporaimp64 command is used.
See
on page 283.
About bporaimp parameters
Use the NetBackup parameters
NB_ORA_SERV and
NB_ORA_CLIENT to specify the
NetBackup runtime configuration. Otherwise, the order of precedence for the runtime configuration variable settings is used.
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Parameter
ARCHIVE_DATE_FROM
ARCHIVE_DATE_TO
BFILE_DIRECTORY
COMMIT
DIRECTORY
Some parameters are valid only when writing to a storage unit. Other parameters are valid only when writing to a directory. In the following table, the right-most column contains either “Storage Unit” or “Directory” to indicate whether the parameter in that row is applicable for either writing to a storage unit or to a directory. Parameters that are recognized when writing to a directory are ignored when writing to a storage unit.
describes the bporaimp
( bporaimp64 on some platforms) parameters and default values.
Table F-9 bporaimp parameters and default values
Required?
N
Default Description Target location no default Optionally specifies a start date for the archive to be imported. Used with ARCHIVE_DATE_TO to specify a range. If not used, the most recent archive is imported. If the range used results in more than one archive, the most recent from the range is used. The date format is
mm/dd/yyyy [hh:mm:ss]
.
Storage Unit
N
Y (if any table being imported has
BFILE columns) no default Specifies a directory for the output of any BFILE columns being imported. Oracle’s CREATE
DIRECTORY command can be used to create the DIRECTORY in Oracle, and the name should match the name used in the export file.
Directory
N no default Optionally specifies an end date for the archive to be imported. Used with
ARCHIVE_DATE_FROM to specify a range. If not used, the most recent archive is imported.
If the range used results in more than one archive, the most recent from the range is used.
The date format is mm/dd/yyyy [hh:mm:ss].
Storage Unit
N
N Specifies whether bporaimp should commit after each array insert. The size of the array is determined by ROW_BUFFER. By default, bporaimp commits only after loading each table, and performs a rollback when an error occurs, before continuing with the next object.
Directory no default Optionally specifies a directory for the input of the bporaimp utility.
Directory
Parameter
FROMUSER
HELP
IGNORE_ROWS
KEYWORD
LIST
LOG
NAME
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Table F-9 bporaimp parameters and default values (continued)
Required?
N
Default Description Target location no default Optionally specifies a comma-separated list of users to import from an archive containing multiple users’ tables. If not specified, all of the tables are imported.
Directory
N
N
N
N
N
N
Displays a help message with descriptions of bporaimp parameters.
Directory
Specifies whether or not rows should be inserted into a table that is not empty. The default is that the table already exists and that it is empty. If it is not empty, IGNORE_ROWS =
N causes an error to be reported, and the table is skipped with no rows inserted. IGNORE_ROWS
= Y causes rows to be inserted with errors reported in the log file.
Directory
If IGNORE_ROWS = Y and an error such as a primary key constraint violation occurs, no data is inserted if COMMIT = N. However, if COMMIT
= Y
, the array of rows (size determined by
ROW_BUFFER
) is not inserted, but bporaimp continues to process additional row arrays in the order in which they were exported. To cause all rows that do not violate a primary key constraint to be inserted, set COMMIT = Y,
ROW_BUFFER = 1
, and IGNORE_ROWS = Y.
no default Optionally specifies a keyword phrase for
NetBackup to use when searching for archives from which to restore files.
Storage Unit
N
LIST = Y queries the NetBackup catalog and lists the archives available. Does not import the data if LIST = Y.
Storage Unit
N
Y no default Optionally specifies a file name to receive informational and error messages. If this parameter is specified, messages are logged in the log file and not displayed to the terminal display.
Directory no default The name of the master XML schema file. This parameter is required if LIST = N.
Directory
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Parameter
NB_ORA_SERV
NB_ORA_CLIENT
RESTORE_SCHEMA_ONLY
RESTORE_TO_DIRECTORY
ROW_BUFFER
TABLES
TOUSER
Table F-9
Required?
N
N
N
N
N
N
N bporaimp parameters and default values (continued)
Default default master server default client
Description Target location
Optionally specifies the name of the NetBackup master server.
Storage Unit
Optionally specifies the name of the NetBackup for Oracle client.
Storage Unit
N Used with RESTORE_TO_DIRECTORY to restore the XML schema files only to a directory.
Storage Unit no default Optionally specifies a directory for the output of the bporaimp utility. If used, the XML data is not parsed and inserted into Oracle.
Storage Unit
1000 Specifies the size, in rows, of the buffer used to insert rows. Tables with LONG or LOB columns are inserted one row at a time. The maximum value allowed is 32767.
Directory no default Optionally specifies a list of table, view, and partition names to import. If not used, all objects in the archive are imported. The objects must already exist, and the USERID must have
INSERT privilege on the objects. The object names cannot be qualified with owner names, and the FROMUSER parameter is used to specify a particular owner. If a partition name is specified, it indicates the exported partition only and the rows are inserted according to the partitioning scheme of the target table. If the export contains partitions, and the import does not specify them, all are inserted.
Directory no default Optionally specifies a comma-separated list of users to import to that can be used with the
FROMUSER parameter to change the table owners. The TOUSER Oracle accounts must already exist, and the USERID must have
INSERT privilege on the tables that must also exist.
Directory
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Parameter
USERID
Table F-9 bporaimp parameters and default values (continued)
Required?
Y
Default Description Target location no default Specifies the username/password (and optional connect string) of the user initiating the import.
If a connect string is not provided, the
ORACLE_SID environment variable is used.
Directory
About redirecting a restore of an XML export archive to a different client
With NetBackup for Oracle you have the option to restore an XML export archive to a client other than the one that originally performed the XML export. The process of restoring data to another client is called a redirected restore.
Before you redirect the restore, see the following topic:
See
“Configuring the NetBackup server for redirected restores”
on page 120.
illustrates a typical redirected restore.
Figure F-5 Redirected restore of an XML export archive to a different client
1. Client A agents are backed up.
3. The server restores client A backup image to client B.
Server
2. Client B requests restore of client A image to client B.
The user on client A cannot initiate a redirected restore to client B. Only the user on client B, which is the client receiving the backup image, can initiate the redirected restore. Any user who belongs to the database group that performed the backup can restore it, unless the BKUP_IMAGE_PERM variable is set to USER.
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Redirecting a restore of an XML export archive to a new client using bporaimp
On UNIX and Linux, any user who belongs to the database group that performed the archive can restore XML export archive. The BKUP_IMAGE_PERM variable must be set to GROUP or ANY, not USER.
Perform the following procedure on the new client host if you want to restore XML export archives that are owned by another client.
To redirect a restore of an XML export archive to a new client using bporaimp
1 Set the environment variables for bporaimp
( bporaimp64 on some platforms) on the new client, including
ORACLE_HOME and
ORACLE_SID
.
2
In the bporaimp parameter file, include the following lines: nb_ora_serv = NetBackup_server nb_ora_client =
original_client_where_XML_export_occurred.
3 Specify any other bporaimp parameters.
See
“Running bporaimp on the client”
on page 283.
4 Run bporaimp
.
■
Example - Using bporaimp for a redirected restore
For example, assume the following:
Original client is jupiter
■
■
New client is saturn
Server is jupiter
■
■
ORACLE_SID is test on both saturn and jupiter
Windows user is ora on both jupiter and saturn
■
■
UNIX user is ora on both jupiter and saturn
Archive name is sales
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To use bporaimp for a redirected restore (example)
1
Create the following file on server jupiter
:
On UNIX and Linux: /usr/openv/netbackup/db/altnames/saturn
On Windows: install_path\NetBackup\db\altnames\saturn
2 Edit the preceding file to contain the name jupiter
.
3
Log on to saturn as ora
.
4 Create file bporaimp.param
.
Include the following parameters:
NAME = sales
NB_ORA_SERV = jupiter
NB_ORA_CLIENT = jupiter
USERID = orauser/orapasswd
5 Run bporaimp parfile=bporaimp.param
to restore sales archive to saturn and to import the data into the test database on saturn
.
Troubleshooting XML export or XML import errors
An XML export or import error can originate from NetBackup or from Oracle, as follows:
■
On the NetBackup side, an error can be from the bporaexp or bporaimp programs, the NetBackup server or client, or Media Manager.
■
On the Oracle side, an error can be from the target database.
Use the following steps when troubleshooting a failed operation:
■
■
Check the logs to determine the source of the error.
Troubleshoot each stage of the XML export or XML import.
The following sections describe these steps in detail.
On UNIX and Linux, these sections describe the log files from the bporaexp and bporaimp commands. The logs are created in
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs/bporaexp or
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs/bporaimp
.
Checking the logs to determine the source of an error
This topic describes how to check the logs to determine the source of an error.
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290
To check the logs
1
Check the bporaexp or bporaimp log.
If the
LOG parameter is specified in the bporaexp or bporaimp command’s parfile
, the commands write logs to the file that is specified as the argument to the
LOG parameter. The commands write log information to the screen if
LOG is not specified.
For example, incorrect installation or configuration causes the following common problems:
■
The
ORACLE_HOME environment variable was not set.
■
The bporaexp or bporaimp program was unable to connect to the target database.
When bporaexp and bporaimp are being used and the backup images are being written to an operating system directory, these logs are the only source of error logging and tracking.
2 Check the NetBackup logs.
On Windows, the first NetBackup log to check is
install_path\NetBackup\logs\bporaexp\log.mmddyy
or
install_path\NetBackup\logs\bporaimp\log.mmddyy
.
On UNIX, the first NetBackup log to check is
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs/bporaexp/log.mmddyy
or
/usr/openv/netbackup/logs/bporaimp/log.mmddyy
.
Examine these logs for messages that show how to determine the source of an error.
These logs are written by the NetBackup client and contain the following:
■
Requests from bporaexp and bporaimp
■
Activities between bporaexp and bporaimp and NetBackup processes
If the logs do not contain any messages, the following conditions could be present:
■ bporaexp or bporaimp terminated before requesting service from
NetBackup.
■ bphdb
(if started by the scheduler or graphical user interface) did not start the template or shell script successfully. Check the bphdb logs for stderr and stdout files.
Try to run the XML export or XML import template or script file from the command line to determine the problem.
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291
On UNIX, the error is usually due to a file permission problem for bphdb itself or for the export or import script file.
Ensure that the full XML export or import script file name is entered correctly in the Backup Selections list of the Oracle policy configuration, or for templates, that the name is correct.
On UNIX, logs are not created in this directory if the permissions are not set for the Oracle user to write to the directory. The full permissions setting, chmod
777
, is best.
For more information about debug logs and reports, refer to the NetBackup
Administrator’s Guide, Volume I .
Troubleshooting each stage of the XML export or XML import
The information in this section does not apply to you if
DIRECTORY is specified in bporaexp or bporaimp command’s parfile
.
The following explains the sequence of events for an action initiated by bporaexp or bporaimp in NetBackup mode; that is, when
DIRECTORY is not specified in the bporaexp or bporaimp command’s parfile
. It suggests solutions for problems that can occur at each point in the sequence.
To troubleshoot by stage
1 bporaexp or bporaimp starts.
An export or import can be started in any of the following ways:
■
Command line from the system prompt.
For example: bporaexp parfile = parameter_filename bporaimp parfile = parameter_filename
■
Using a template run from the NetBackup client GUI or bpdbsbora
.
■
■
Manually from the NetBackup Administration Console on the master server.
Automatically by an automatic export schedule.
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If an error occurs now, check the bporaexp or bporaimp log
.
2 bporaexp or bporaimp verifies its environment and then connects to Oracle and NetBackup.
Oracle connect errors can be caused by an Oracle environment problem, a database problem, an incorrect userid, or an incorrect password.
A NetBackup error now is usually due to a problem with client and server communication. Check the messages in the bprd and bpcd logs for clues.
Also verify the bp.conf
entries on the UNIX or Linux client.
3 bporaexp or bporaimp issues a backup or restore request.
bporaexp or bporaimp gathers necessary parameters, sends the backup or restore request to the NetBackup server, and waits until both the server and client are ready to transfer data before proceeding.
The NetBackup client interfaces gather information from the following places:
■
■
The environment, including bporaexp and bporaimp parameter files. If you are using templates, the parameter files are generated from the template.
If you are using scripts, you have to generate the parameter file manually.
Server configuration parameters on Windows.
■
The user’s bp.conf
and
/usr/openv/netbackup/bp.conf
files on the UNIX or Linux client.
This information is sent to the master server’s bprd process.
To troubleshoot a backup problem in this part of the sequence, examine the following file:
Windows: install_path\NetBackup\logs\bporaexp\log.mmddyy
UNIX and Linux: /usr/openv/netbackup/logs/bporaexp/log.mmddyy
If the bprd process failed, check the bprd and bpbrm logs.
Frequently, incorrect NetBackup server or Oracle policy configuration parameters cause failures at this point.
NetBackup can usually select the correct Oracle policy and schedules, but
NetBackup can select a policy or schedule in error if there are several Oracle policies in its database.
Try setting the
SERVER and
POLICY values in the client environment or by setting the following bporaexp parameters:
Try setting the
SERVER and
POLICY values in the bp.conf
file on the client or by setting the following bporaexp parameters:
XML Archiver
Additional XML export and import logs
293
NB_ORA_POLICY=policyname
NB_ORA_SCHED=schedule
NB_ORA_SERV=NetBackup_server
NB_ORA_CLIENT=NetBackup_client
To troubleshoot a restore, examine the following log file:
Windows: install_path\NetBackup\logs\bporaimp\mmddyy.log
UNIX and Linux: /usr/openv/netbackup/logs/bporaimp/log.mmddyy
Make sure that the correct NetBackup server and NetBackup client values are being used by setting the following bporaimp parameters:
NB_ORA_SERV=NetBackup_server
NB_ORA_CLIENT=NetBackup_client
Set these parameters to the same values that were used for the XML export operation.
4 bporaexp or bporaimp issues read or write requests to the NetBackup client, which then transfers data to or from the NetBackup server.
bporaexp builds an SQL query for each table being archived, and it uses the
Oracle Call Interface (OCI) to run the query. The query results are translated into XML. The XML output is passed to the NetBackup client interfaces.
The reverse process is used by bporaimp
. That is, XML data is restored, parsed, and inserted into the database.
A failure here is probably due to an Oracle error, or to a NetBackup media, network, or timeout error.
5 bporaexp or bporaimp tells the NetBackup client to close the session and disconnects from the Oracle database.
The NetBackup client waits for the server to complete its necessary actions
(backup image verification and so on) and then exits.
Additional XML export and import logs
The bporaexp and bporaimp utilities perform error logging and tracing in the file that is specified by the
LOG parameter. The log files contain Oracle errors and other errors that are not related to NetBackup.
When bporaexp and bporaimp are used and the backup images are written to a storage unit, these errors are also logged in the NetBackup debug logs. These logs appear in the following directories:
XML Archiver
Additional XML export and import logs
294
Windows:
install_path\NetBackup\logs\bporaexp
install_path\NetBackup\logs\bporaimp
UNIX and Linux:
/user/openv/netbackup/logs/bporaexp
/user/openv/netbackup/logs/bporaimp
When you use bporaexp and bporaimp and the backup images are written to an operating system directory, the file that is specified by the
LOG= parameter is the only source of error logging and tracing.
Index
Symbols
A
API
Application Backup schedule
for block level incremental backups 161
Automatic Cumulative Incremental Backup schedule
Automatic Differential Incremental Backup schedule
Automatic Full Backup schedule
B
backup
backup (continued)
wizard
Backup Selections list
binaries
BLI Backup
BLI no RMAN
block level incremental
attributes 252 troubleshooting 252
block level incremental backup
bpdbsbora
bplist 113 browsing for backups 113
browsing for XML export archives 279
bporaexp 259–260, 272, 275 bporaexp64 275
performing a restore 283 bporaimp64 279, 283
C
client read timeout property 191
clients list, for backup policies 83
commands
crosscheck 106 crosscheck backupset 106
restore 108 resync catalog 108
rman
execute backups 113 execute scripts 113
configuration
database user authentication 102
Copy-on-write technology 169, 173
D
daemons
in /usr/openv/netbackup/logs 183
in install_path\\NetBackup\\bslogs 182
troubleshooting with log files 181
Differential snapshot type 169, 173
DIRECTORY
E
environmental variables
error
examples
F
failed operation
file system
G
Getting Started Wizard 168, 172
Destination host and login screen 132
Index 296
Index 297
Guided Recovery (continued)
Performing a cloning operation 129
Select Control File Backup screen 132
Select Destination Parameters screen 133
Select Master Server dialog 131
H
I
installation
prerequisites for clusters 38 requirements for NetBackup servers 38
instance group
instant recovery
configuration requirements 150
J
K
L
libobk
logs
M
Managed by SLP retention 170, 174
manual archive 269 manual backups 110, 248, 269
Maximum snapshot limit retention type 170, 174
Maximum Snapshots parameter 170, 174
Mirror-break-off technology 169, 173
multiple copies feature 69, 81, 164
multiplexing
N
NB_ORA_CLIENT 263, 275–276, 278, 283, 286
NB_ORA_SERV 263, 275–276, 278, 283, 286
NB_PC_ORA_RESTORE variable 157
nbjm scheduling process 183 nbpem scheduling process 183 nbrb scheduling process 183
NetApp
number of snapshots per volume 170, 174
NetBackup
Client Service log on account configuring 102
server and client requirements 38
O
offhost backup. See Snapshot Client
Oracle
policy for snapshot backups
Oracle (continued) policy for snapshot backups
(continued)
using script- or template-based Oracle policy
Oracle Recovery Manager
P
Point-in-time rollback restores
policies
policy configuration
Policy Configuration Wizard 168, 172
post_checkpoint_notify 244, 254
processes
log files for NetBackup processes 184
scheduling (nbpem nbjm). See nbrb
Q
R
Recovery Wizard
use with Snapshot Client 164–165
See also debug logs
restore
Point-in-time rollback 156 snapshot rollback 156–157
to a different client 120, 287
with Snapshot Client methods 156
restoring
retention period
RMAN
rollback restores
S
schedules
frequency 68–69, 80–81 properties 68–69, 80–81
properties for Snapshot Client 163
retention for Snapshot Client 164
scripts
Index 298
setup_bli_scripts
shared library module
SHUTDOWN_BKUP_RESTART 242, 248
SHUTDOWN_CKPT_RESTART 243, 249
configuration requirements 150 database objects included 150 policy configuration 150
Snapshot Client
effects on policies and schedules 162
overview 139 proxy copy 139–140
Snapshot Type parameter 169, 173
T
tab
templates
creating for XML export 264, 266
testing policy configuration 102
timeout failures
TNS_ADMIN
transaction logs
U
Use Replication Director property 79
V
Veritas Storage Foundation 161
W
wizard
use with Snapshot Client 164–165
wizards
X
XML
instance 259–260, 262, 273 schema 257, 260, 262, 273
Index 299
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Key Features
- Oracle Intelligent Policy
- Oracle support for Replication Director
- Media and device management
- Scheduling facilities
- Multiplexed backups and restores
- Parallel backup and restore operations
- Transparent Oracle and regular file system backup and restore operations
- Oracle Instance management
- Sharing the same storage units used for other file backups
- Centralized and networked backup operations
Frequently Answers and Questions
What are the new features in NetBackup for Oracle 7.6?
What is Oracle Intelligent Policy?
What is Oracle support for Replication Director?
Related manuals
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Table of contents
- 1 Symantec NetBackup™ for Oracle Administrator's Guide
- 4 Technical Support
- 7 Contents
- 15 1. Introduction
- 15 What's new about NetBackup for Oracle
- 15 Oracle Intelligent Policy
- 17 Oracle support for Replication Director
- 17 About NetBackup for Oracle
- 18 NetBackup for Oracle features
- 21 NetBackup for Oracle terminology
- 23 NetBackup for Oracle operation using the Oracle Intelligent Policy
- 24 NetBackup for Oracle operation using a script- or template-based policy
- 26 About RMAN
- 27 About the Oracle recovery catalog
- 29 2. NetBackup for Oracle QuickStart
- 29 Installing NetBackup for Oracle
- 30 Registering Oracle instances
- 32 Creating an Oracle instance group
- 34 Creating an Oracle policy
- 37 3. Installing NetBackup for Oracle
- 37 Verifying the operating system and platform compatibility for NetBackup for Oracle
- 38 NetBackup server and client requirements for NetBackup for Oracle
- 38 Requirements for installing NetBackup for Oracle in a NetBackup cluster
- 39 About license keys for NetBackup for Oracle
- 39 About linking Oracle RMAN with NetBackup for UNIX
- 40 Verifying environment variables and shutting down Oracle
- 41 Linking Oracle RMAN with NetBackup for UNIX platforms
- 48 4. Oracle policy configuration
- 48 Preparing for NetBackup for Oracle configuration
- 49 About Oracle policy configuration
- 50 User interface terminology
- 50 Permissions for NetBackup for Oracle log files
- 50 NetBackup for Oracle backup types
- 52 Configuring the Maximum jobs per client for NetBackup for Oracle
- 53 Instance management for an Oracle Intelligent Policy
- 53 About the NetBackup Discovery Service
- 54 Viewing the Oracle instance repository
- 56 Manually adding an Oracle instance to the repository
- 58 Registering an Oracle instance
- 60 About Oracle instance groups
- 61 Adding an instance to an instance group
- 62 Automatic Registration of an instance group
- 63 About instance actions
- 64 About Oracle Intelligent Policies
- 65 Creating an Oracle Intelligent Policy
- 67 Configuring NetBackup for Oracle automatic backup schedules
- 68 About NetBackup for Oracle schedule properties
- 69 Oracle Intelligent Policy - Storage and Retention
- 71 Oracle Intelligent Policy master server behavior
- 71 Instances tab
- 73 Backup Selections tab
- 74 Oracle tab
- 76 About script- or template-based Oracle policies
- 77 Adding a new script- or template-based Oracle policy
- 79 About policy attributes for NetBackup for Oracle
- 79 About backup schedules, templates, and scripts
- 80 About NetBackup for Oracle schedule properties
- 81 Script- or template-based policy - Storage and Retention
- 83 Adding clients to a NetBackup for Oracle policy
- 84 About adding backup selections to an Oracle policy
- 88 About configuring the run-time environment
- 94 About creating templates and shell scripts
- 102 Configuring the logon account for the NetBackup Client Service for NetBackup for Oracle
- 102 Testing configuration settings for NetBackup for Oracle
- 104 5. Performing backups and restores of Oracle
- 104 Overview of using NetBackup for Oracle
- 104 Maintaining the RMAN repository
- 109 Querying the RMAN repository
- 110 About NetBackup for Oracle backups
- 110 Running NetBackup for Oracle templates
- 111 Using bpdbsbora to run a backup template
- 112 Running the NetBackup for Oracle shell script
- 112 Running RMAN
- 113 Browsing backups using the bplist command
- 114 Managing expired backup images
- 115 About NetBackup for Oracle restores
- 116 Starting the recovery wizard
- 117 Using the recovery wizard
- 118 Using bpdbsbora to run a recovery template
- 119 About a NetBackup for Oracle recovery shell script on the client
- 119 Running RMAN on the client
- 120 Redirecting a restore to a different client
- 123 Using NetBackup for Oracle in a Microsoft Windows cluster environment
- 124 About backups of an Oracle clustered database on Windows
- 124 Bringing the database instance offline on Windows
- 125 Bringing the database instance online on Windows
- 126 User-directed backup or restore from the Windows client
- 127 6. Guided Recovery
- 127 About OpsCenter Guided Recovery
- 128 Setting up for Guided Recovery cloning
- 128 Guided Recovery cloning pre-operation checks
- 129 Performing a Guided Recovery cloning operation
- 131 Select a Master Server dialog
- 131 Select Source Database panel
- 132 Select Control File Backup panel
- 132 Destination host and login panel
- 133 Destination Parameters panel
- 134 Selection summary panel
- 134 Pre-clone check panel
- 134 Job Details panel
- 134 Guided Recovery post-clone operations
- 135 Troubleshooting Guided Recovery
- 136 Troubleshooting files for metadata collection operations at the time of the backup
- 136 Troubleshooting files for Guided Recovery validation operations
- 137 Troubleshooting files for Guided Recovery cloning operations
- 138 7. NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client
- 138 About NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client
- 140 Proxy copy
- 140 NetBackup for Oracle stream-based operations
- 141 NetBackup for Oracle file-based operations
- 142 How NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client works
- 143 About the NetBackup for Oracle backup operation
- 143 About the NetBackup for Oracle restore operation
- 143 Database objects supported by advanced backup methods
- 144 About NetBackup multistreaming
- 144 RMAN multiple channels
- 144 Restoring data files to a new location
- 145 Redirecting a restore to a different client
- 145 Symbolic links and raw data files (UNIX)
- 145 Quick I/O data files (UNIX)
- 146 RMAN incremental backups
- 147 Proxy backup examples
- 150 About configuring Snapshot Client with NetBackup for Oracle
- 150 Configuration requirements for snapshot backups with NetBackup for Oracle
- 151 Configuring a snapshot policy for NetBackup for Oracle
- 155 Restoring NetBackup for Oracle from a snapshot backup
- 155 About restoring individual files from a NetBackup for Oracle snapshot backup
- 156 About NetBackup for Oracle restores of volumes and file systems using snapshot rollback
- 158 About configuring NetBackup for Oracle block-level incremental backups on UNIX
- 159 How BLI works with NetBackup for Oracle (UNIX)
- 160 About the Storage Checkpoint facility and NetBackup for Oracle
- 161 Configuration requirements for BLI backups with NetBackup for Oracle
- 161 Configuring policies for BLI backups with NetBackup for Oracle
- 162 About Snapshot Client effects
- 163 How Snapshot Client software affects backup types
- 163 How Snapshot Client software affects schedule properties
- 164 How Snapshot Client software affects templates and scripts
- 165 NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client environment variables
- 167 About Oracle support for Replication Director
- 168 Configuring an Oracle Intelligent Policy
- 172 Configuring a script- or template-based Oracle policy
- 178 8. Troubleshooting
- 179 About troubleshooting NetBackup for Oracle
- 179 About NetBackup for Oracle troubleshooting steps
- 181 NetBackup debug logs and reports
- 182 Enabling the debug logs for NetBackup for Oracle (Windows)
- 183 Enabling the debug logs for a NetBackup for Oracle for UNIX client
- 184 About the NetBackup for Oracle log files
- 185 Setting the debug level on a NetBackup for Oracle Windows client
- 186 Setting the debug level on a NetBackup for SAP UNIX/Linux clientSetting the debug level on a UNIX client
- 186 About RMAN utility logs
- 186 Troubleshooting RMAN backup or restore errors
- 187 Verifying the RMAN script on UNIX
- 187 Troubleshooting each stage of the backup or restore
- 189 Troubleshooting the UNIX browser interface and wizards
- 190 Troubleshooting NetBackup for Oracle with Snapshot Client
- 191 Minimizing timeout failures on large database restores
- 192 Minimizing loading and unloading of tapes for database backups for Windows and UNIX
- 192 Delays in completion of backup jobs
- 193 A. Real Application Clusters
- 193 About Real Application Clusters
- 193 About virtual names and NetBackup for Oracle
- 194 About RAC archiving schemes
- 198 About backing up a database
- 198 Example of restoring a database
- 199 Troubleshooting database restores (UNIX and Linux)
- 199 About restoring archive logs
- 201 B. Best practices for protecting Oracle RAC with NetBackup
- 201 Oracle RAC with NetBackup best practices
- 202 About NetBackup for Oracle operations
- 203 Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP exists and backup is not load balanced
- 205 Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP exists and backup is load balanced
- 207 Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP is not available and backup is not load balanced
- 209 Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP is not available, and backup is load balanced, one policy with custom script
- 212 Example RAC configuration: Failover VIP is not available and backup is load balanced, simple script with manual policy failover
- 214 Image catalog configuration for RAC
- 218 C. Deduplication best practices
- 218 Optimizing and deduplicating stream-based and proxy copy Oracle backups
- 220 Configuring a stream-based Oracle backup
- 221 Example RMAN script for a stream-based backup
- 223 Editing the RMAN script and configuring NetBackup for Oracle for a proxy copy backup
- 224 Example RMAN script for a proxy copy backup
- 227 D. Snapshot Client support of SFRAC
- 227 About Snapshot Client support of SFRAC
- 227 NetBackup configuration for an SFRAC environment
- 228 Configuring the SFRAC environment for a backup operation
- 229 Performing a rollback restore in an SFRAC environment
- 231 Troubleshooting NetBackup in an SFRAC environment
- 233 E. Script-based block-level incremental (BLI) backups without RMAN on UNIX and Linux systems
- 233 About script-based block-level incremental (BLI) backups without RMAN
- 234 About BLI backup and restore operations
- 234 Verifying installation requirements for BLI backups without RMAN
- 235 File system and Storage Checkpoint space management
- 236 Creating NetBackup policies for script-based BLI backup
- 236 Number of policies required for BLI backup
- 238 About BLI policy attributes
- 239 About the BLI client list
- 239 Backup selections list for BLI backups
- 239 About schedules for BLI backup policies
- 240 Example Oracle BLI backup policy
- 242 Setting the maximum jobs per client global attribute
- 242 About BLI backup methods
- 243 Creating notify scripts for BLI backups
- 248 Performing backups and restores
- 248 About NetBackup for Oracle agent automatic backups
- 248 About NetBackup for Oracle manual backups
- 249 Backing up Quick I/O files
- 250 Restoring BLI backup images
- 251 About NetBackup backup and restore logs
- 252 About troubleshooting backup or restore errors
- 252 Troubleshooting stages of backup and restore operations
- 253 NetBackup restore and backup status codes
- 254 Improving NetBackup backup performance
- 255 About BLI backup and database recovery
- 256 F. XML Archiver
- 256 NetBackup for Oracle XML export and XML import
- 256 NetBackup for Oracle XML export and import archiving features
- 257 XML export archive process
- 259 Sequence of operation: XML export archive
- 261 XML import restore process
- 262 Sequence of operation: XML import restore
- 263 About the environment variables set by a user in the XML export parameter file
- 264 About XML export templates and shell scripts
- 264 Creating XML export templates using the NetBackup for Oracle wizard (UNIX and Linux)
- 266 Creating XML export templates using the NetBackup for Oracle wizard (Windows)
- 267 Creating an XML export script from a template
- 268 Creating XML export scripts manually
- 269 Performing an XML export archive
- 270 Running NetBackup for Oracle XML export templates
- 271 Using bpdbsbora to run an XML export template
- 272 Running the NetBackup for Oracle XML export script on the client
- 272 Running bporaexp on the client as an Oracle user
- 273 Writing to a directory versus writing to a storage unit
- 275 About bporaexp parameters
- 278 Browsing XML export archives using bporaimp parameters
- 279 Browsing XML export archives using bplist
- 280 Restoring an XML export archive
- 280 Running the XML import wizard on the client
- 282 Using bpdbsbora to run an XML import template
- 283 Running an XML import script on the client
- 283 Running bporaimp on the client
- 283 About bporaimp parameters
- 287 About redirecting a restore of an XML export archive to a different client
- 289 Troubleshooting XML export or XML import errors
- 289 Checking the logs to determine the source of an error
- 291 Troubleshooting each stage of the XML export or XML import
- 293 Additional XML export and import logs
- 295 Index