Samsung T Security Camera User manual

Ver 1.80E SPEED DOME CAMERA Samsung-T Protocol User's Manual REV. 1.80E July 2011 Samsung Techwin Co., Ltd. Security Solution Division Copyright(c) 1996-2011 SAMSUNGTECHWIN CO.,LTD Ver 1.80E Preface Samsung Techwin S-Protocol is Samsung Techwin's proprietary intellectual property protected by copyright law. All copy, reprint, and translation to other languages as a part of or all contents of this user's manual without permission of Samsung Techwin Co. Ltd. are expressly prohibited except for fair use within the scope of copyright law. The contents of this manual may change without prior notice for the improvement of product performance. The design and specifications of Samsung Techwin’s products compatible with this protocol also may change without prior notice for the improvement of product performance. Samsung Techwin shall not be liable, directly or indirectly, for any injury, loss, or damage caused by or alleged to be caused by or in connection with the use of the product. Users are solely responsible for using the product and this user’s manual as Samsung Techwin exercises no control over the use of this manual. Document Revision Information Date Description Note 2009,02,21 - Updated to a new document format Ver 1.10 2009,03,17 - English version published Ver 1.10E - Added 'PTZ Trace stop' and 'Target Lock on' of the second chapter. 2009,04,27 - Added 'Track protocol'. Ver 1.20E - Modified errors and Tilt Ranges. 2009,06,30 - PTZ Trace top deleted. Ver 1.30E - Digital Zoom calculation added. - Revised notation errors of '2.8',2.9' command. 2009.09.17 - Revised notation errors of '2.10.6' command. Ver 1.40E - Added '2.11'command. - Protocol name is changed as 'Samsung-T' 2010.08.13 - Revised notation errors of '3. Protocol Samples' - Added parameters about SCP-2120/3120 Ver 1.50E - Revised notation error of '2.1' command 2010.11.08 - In '2,9','2.10', Added Position Range and Zoom Range of SCU-2370 Series Ver 1.60E - In '2,9','2.10', Added Position Range and Zoom Range 2011.03.31 of SCP-2370/2330/2270/3370 Series - In '2.11', Added Special Command2 of SCP-2370/2330/2270/3370 Ver 1.70E Series 2011.07.25 - Added '2.11.2' Call PTZ Position Command - Added '2.12' New Protocol -1- Ver 1.80E Ver 1.80E <Table of Contents> 1.Protocol Frame Structure..................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Transmission Packet Format..................................................................................................3 1.2.Communication Timing Chart..................................................................................................3 1.3.Transmission Packet Format.................................................................................................. 4 2.Command................................................................................................................................................ 5 2.1 Pan/Tilt/Zoom/Focus/Brightness............................................................................................ 5 2.2 OSD Menu Control.................................................................................................................. 5 2.3 Preset Control......................................................................................................................... 6 2.4 Product Initialization................................................................................................................6 2.5 Swing ...................................................................................................................................... 7 2.6 Sequence Command................................................................................................................ 7 2.7 PTZ Trace................................................................................................................................8 2.8 Set Pan/Tilt Position Move 1(Relative Movement)............................................................. 8 2.9 Set Pan/Tilt Position Move 2(Relative Movement)............................................................. 9 2.10 Special Command................................................................................................................ 10 2.11 Special Command 2.............................................................................................................13 2.11.1 Move PTZ Position and Track On/Off(Abs. position move)....................................... 13 2.12 New Protocol....................................................................................................................... 15 3.Protocol Samples.................................................................................................................................17 3.Appendix...............................................................................................................................................18 3.1.SCP-3120 Digital Zoom Parameter..................................................................................... 18 -2- Ver 1.80E 1.Protocol Frame Structure 1.1 Transmission Packet Format -Mode :RS-485/RS-422 Asynchronous Communication -Transmit Direction :Simplex/Half duplex -Start bit :1 bit -Data bit :8 bits -Parity bit :None -Stop bit :1bit -Baud rate :9600 bps 1.2.Communication Timing Chart Pic 1.Pan/Tilt Operation Timing Chart Please note that the Preset commands send a response only at the end of their executions. The recommended minimum period of control signal communications is 70ms. For the Pan/Tilt operation, setting up the communication period shorter than the recommendation may cause protocol loss or extend the response time of the camera. Pic 2. Other Commands Timing Chart Aside from Pan/Tilt, other protocols send a response at the end of their executions depending on the situation; the response time of the camera may take up to 7 seconds. -3- Ver 1.80E 1.3.Transmission Packet Format <Command Packet Format> Byte1 STX Byte2 Byte3 Cam ID Host ID Byte4 Byte5 Byte6 Byte7 Byte8 Byte9 Byte10 Byte11 Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 ETX Checksum -STX(Start of Text): A0h -ETX(End of Text): AFh -Cam ID: Dome ID(01h~FFh) -Host ID: Host Controller ID(default:00h) -Checksum: The value of Modulo 256 equal to a total of Byte2 to Byte9 processed by 'Logical Not(~)' Checksum = ~((Byte 2 +……+ Byte 9) & FFh) <Return Packet Format> Byte1 STX Byte2 Byte3 Host ID Cam ID Byte4 Byte5 Byte6 Byte7 Byte 8 Byte9 Byte10 Byte11 Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Error ETX Checksum -Host ID:Controller ID -Cam ID:Dome ID Number -Error:Bit error codes are listed in the chart below. Description bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0 Camera Module Failure Pan/Tilt Failure RAM of EEPROM Error Unsuitable Data -4- Ver 1.80E 2.Command 2.1 Pan/Tilt/Zoom/Focus/Brightness Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Direction1 Direction2 Pan Speed Tilt Speed Zoom Speed /Focus Speed Data4 XXh The frame above is located at Byte4 to Byte9 in the command packet. -Direction1~2 : Direction1 is to process the Brightness and Focus commands. Command1 bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0 * * * Brighter Darker * Focus Near Focus Far Diredtion2 is to process the Zoom, Pan and Tilt commands as shown in the chart below. Command2 bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0 Zoom Wide Zoom Tele Tilt Down Tilt Up Pan Left Pan Right always 0 Note: For these commands, bit0 must be retained as '0' at all times. Changing it to '1' fails to execute the commands shown in the chart above. The speed of Pan, Tilt, Zoom, and Focus is available as shown below. -Pan: 00h~3Fh -Tilt: 00h~3Fh -Zoom: 01h~08h -Focus: 10h~80h Note: The function of Zoom/Focus Speed, depending on the product, can not be supported. Important!: The Zoom and Focus commands cannot be transmitted simultaneously. 2.2 OSD Menu Control 2.2.1 OSD(On Screen Display) Menu On: Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 00h B1h 00h 00h 00h 00h 2.2.2 OSD Menu Off Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 00h B1h 01h 00h 00h 00h Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 01h 00h 06h 00h 00h 00h 2.2.2 Menu Enter *The Focus command may be activated automatically in Normal (non-OSD Menu) mode. -5- Ver 1.80E 2.2.3 Menu Cancel(Esc) Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 02h 00h 07h 00h 00h 00h *The Focus command may be activated automatically in Normal (non-OSD Menu) mode. 2.3 Preset Control 2.3.1 Set Preset (Saves preset commands.) Send Receive Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 00h 03h P1 00h 00h 00h " " Error Data4 " " " Data4 P1:Preset Number=0~FEh 2.3.2 Clear Preset (Deletes preset commands.) Cmd1 Send Receive Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 00h 05h P1 00h 00h 00h " " " " " Error P1:Preset Number=0~FEh 2.3.3 Goto Preset (Call saved preset commands.) Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send 00h 07h P1 00h 00h 00h Receive " " " " " Error P1:Preset Number=0~FEh The SPD-3300/3000/1000 supports these commands only from 0 to 7Fh. 2.4 Product Initialization 2.4.1 Pan/Tilt Position Initialization Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send 00h 0Dh 00h 00h 00h 00h Receive " " " " " Error 2.4.1 Zoom Module Motor Position Initialization Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send 00h 0Fh 00h 00h 00h 00h Receive " " " " " Error -6- Ver 1.80E 2.5 Swing 2.5.1 Set Swing Speed & Time Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send 00h 13h P1 P2 P3h 00h Return " " " " " Error P1: 00h=Pan Swing 01h=Tilt Swing 02h=Pan/Tilt Swing P2: 00h ~ 40h Swing Speed P3: 00h ~ 7Fh Swing Dwell Time(0 ~ 127sec) 2.5.2 Set Swing Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send 00h 19h P1 P2 P3h 00h Return " " " " " Error P1: 00=Pan Swing 01h=Tilt Swing 02h=Pan/Tilt Swing P2: 00h ~ FEh = First preset position P3: 00h ~ FEh = Second preset position 2.5.3 Run Swing Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send 00h 1Bh P1 00h 00h 00h Return " " " " " Error P1: 00h=Pan Swing 01h=Tilt Swing 02h=Pan/Tilt Swing 2.6 Sequence Command 2.6.1 Run Group Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send 00h 21h P1 00h 00h 00h Return " " " " " Error P1: 00h ~ 05h Group number 2.6.2 Run Tour Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send 00h 25h 00h 00h 00h 00h Return " " " " " Error Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send 00h 2Bh P1 P2 00h 00h Return " " " " " Error 2.6.3 Clear Tour & Group P1: 00h=Clear the data for Tour 01h=Clear the data for Group P2: When P1 is 00h; 00h=Tour number F1h=Clear all Tour When P1 is 01h; 00h~05h=Group number -7- F1h=Clear all Group Ver 1.80E 2.7 PTZ Trace 2.7.1 Set PTZ Trace Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send 00h 71h P1 P2 00h 00h Return " " " " " Error P1: 00h=Memory start 01h=RePlay start 02h=Delete P2: Pattern No.(0~3) 2.7.2 Stop PTZ Trace Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send 00h 73h 00h 00h 00h 00h Return " " " " " Error * It can be stopped by the command 'Enter'. 2.8 Set Pan/Tilt Position Move 1(Relative Movement) Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send 00h 3Bh P1 P2 P3 P4 Return " " " " " Error P1: 00h=Pan 01h=Tilt P2: 00h=Right(or Down) 01h=Left(or Up) P3P4: Relative Movement Value (Resolution: 0.1deg) ->P3:High Byte, P4:Low Byte In case of tilting camera's direction, it is flipped. (1) When upward, the angle will decrease. (2) When downward, the angle is going to increase. -8- Ver 1.80E 2.9 Set Pan/Tilt Position Move 2(Relative Movement) Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send 00h 3Dh P1 P2 P3 P4 Return " " " " " Error P1: 00h=Pan 01h=Tilt P2: 00h=Right(or Down) 01h=Left(or Up) P3P4: Relative Movement Value (Pulse) ->P3:Low Byte, P4:High Byte In case of tilting camera's direction, it is flipped. (1) When upward, the angle will decrease. (2) When downward, the angle is going to increase. Note! Camera Position Range per Model -SPD-2300/3000/3300: Pan Range:0~64000, Tilt Range:794~34556 -SPD-1000: Pan Range:0~16851, Tilt Range:0~7662 -SPD-3700/3750/3350, SCP-2370/2330/2270/3370: Pan Range:0~44799, Tilt Range:0~23672 -SCP-2120/3120: Pan Range:0~38399, Tilt Range:0~16887 -SCU-2370/VAC/9051 Pan Range:0~17999(0°~360°) => Position*50 Tilt Range:0~2000(0°~40°), 61286~65535(-85°~-0°) => Position*50 -9- Ver 1.80E 2.10 Special Command The following special commands are developed in response to SI industrial requests. STX Dome ID Host ID Cmd1 Cmd2 Data ETX CS 0xA0 ID ID E0 Command Data1~Data4 0xAF Check Sum 2.10.1 Call PT Position Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send E0h 01h 00h 00h 00h 00h Return " " P1 P2 P3 P4 P1P2: Pan Position (Pulse) ->P1:High Byte, P2:Low Byte P3P4: Tilt Position (Pulse) ->P3:High Byte, P4:Low Byte Note! Camera Position Range per Model -SPD-2300/3000/3300: Pan Range:0~64000, Tilt Range:794~34556 -SPD-1000: Pan Range:0~16851, Tilt Range:0~7662 -SPD-3700/3750/3350, SCP-2370/2330/2270/3370: Pan Range:0~44799, Tilt Range:0~23672 -SCP-2120/3120: Pan Range:0~38399, Tilt Range:0~16887 -SCU-2370/VAC/9051 Pan Range:0~17999(0°~360°) => Position*50 Tilt Range:0~2000(0°~40°), 61286~65535(-85°~-0°) => Position*50 2.10.2 Call Zoom Position Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send E0h 02h 00h 00h 00h 00h Return " " P1 P2 P3 P4 P1P2: Zoom Position (Pulse) ->P1:High Byte, P2:Low Byte Only for models later than SPD-3750/3350/3700/3310/2700 Ver1.08, P3: * Digital Zoom Digital Zoom Ratio*10 : = 256*10/(P3+1) ex)P3:E7h → 11(1.1x) P3:7Fh → 20(2.0x) In case of the SCP-3120, please refer to Appendix 3.1. For older models and versions P3P4: * Digital Zoom 0~3 bit Flip: 4 bit - 10 - Ver 1.80E 2.10.3 Call Focus Position Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send E0h 03h 00h 00h 00h 00h Return " " P1 P2 " " P1P2: Focus Position (Pulse)->P1:High Byte, P2:Low Byte The Focus value may vary depending on the calibration of lens VCLs. 2.10.4 Move Pan & Tilt Position(Absolute Movement) Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send E0h 04h P1 P2 P3 P4 Return " " " " " " P1P2: Pan Position(Pulse)->P1:High Byte, P2:Low Byte P3P4: Tilt Position(Pulse)->P3:High Byte, P4:Low Byte 2.10.5 Move Pan Position(Absolute Movement) Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send E0h 05h P1 P2 00h 00h Return " " " " " Error P1P2: Pan Position(Pulse)->P1:High Byte, P2:Low Byte 2.10.6 Move Tilt Position(Absolute Movement) Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send E0h 06h 00h 00h P1 P2 Return " " " " " Error P1P2: Tilt Position(Pulse)->P1:High Byte, P2:Low Byte - 11 - Ver 1.80E 2.10.7 Move Zoom Position(Absolute Movement) Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send E0h 07h P1 P2 P3 00h Return " " " " " Error P1P2: Zoom Position ->P1:High Byte, P2:Low Byte P3: Digital Zoom Position =(256/Ratio_X)-1 ex) Digital Zoom Ratio:1.1x → P3: E7h Digital Zoom Ratio:2.0x → P3: 7Fh Only models later than SPD-3750/3350/3700/3310/2700 Ver1.08 support Digital Zoom Position. In case of the SCP-3120, please refer to Appendix 3.1. Note! Camera Zoom Range per Model -SPD-2300:0~1755 -SPD-3000/3300: 0~1770 -SPD-1000:0~1174 -SPD-3700/3750, SCP-2370/3370 : 0~1613 -SPD-3350, SCP-2330 : 0~1608 -SPD-2700, SCP-2270 :0~1589 -SCP-2120:0~921 -SCP-3120:32772~35952 -SCU-2370:0~1613 2.10.8 Move Focus Position(Absolute Movement) Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send E0h 08h P1 P2 00h 00h Return " Error P1P2: Focus Position->P1:High Byte, P2:Low Byte The Focus value may vary depending on the calibration of lens VCLs. 2.10.9 One Shot AF Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send E0h 15h 00h 00h 00h 00h Return " Error 2.10.10 Target Lock On Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send E0h 23h 00h 00h 00h 00h Return " Error - 12 - Ver 1.80E 2.11 Special Command 2 2.11.1 Move PTZ Position and Track On/Off(Abs. position move) Special Command 2 is the protocol for the Auto Track's function. (In case of not having the function of the Auto Track, this protocol is only for the absolute position.) Note! The command can be executable after firmware versions as follows. Model SPD-37XX, SPU-37XX SCP-2370TH/3370TH Dome Version v1.20 v1.00_110130 Track Version v.1.12 v1.00_110316 In case of using the related function with an old version instead of new one, please check the version before the installation in order for avoiding *Send(14 Bytes) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 STX Dome ID CMD Data Size P1 P2 P3 0xA1 Dome ID 24h 09h Pan High Pan Low Pan Speed 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 C/S Tilt High Tilt Low Action check sum Tilt Speed Zoom High Zoom Low P1P2:Pan Absolute Position(Pulse) P3: Pan Speed(00h~40h) P4P5:Tilt Absolute Position(Pulse) P6: Tilt Speed(00h~40h) P7P8:Zoom Position P9: 01h=Track On, 00h=Track Off *Return(11 Bytes) Byte1 Byte2 Byte3 Byte4 Byte5 Byte6 Byte7 Byte8 Byte9 Byte10 Byte11 A0h Host ID Cam ID E0h 24h P1 00h 00h 40h AFh Checksum P1: Action(00h:No Track, 07h:Track On) - 13 - Ver 1.80E 2.11.2 Call PTZ Position (SCP-2370/2330/2270/3370 model only.) 1 2 3 4 5 STX Dome ID CMD Data Size C/s 0xA1 Dome ID 26h 0h Checksum *Return(14 Bytes) Byte1 Byte2 Byte3 Byte4 Byte5 Byte6 Byte7 STX Dome ID CMD Data Size P1 P2 P3 A1h Host ID 26h 07h Pan High Pan Low Byte8 Byte9 Byte10 Byte11 Byte12 P4 P5 P6 P7 C/S Tilt Low Zoom High Zoom Low Digital Zoom Tilt High Checksum P1P2 : Pan Absolute Position(Pulse) P3P4 : Tilt Absolute Position(Pulse) P5P6 : Zoom Position P7: Digital Zoom Position =(256/Ratio_X)-1 ex) Digital Zoom Ratio:1.1x → P3: E7h Digital Zoom Ratio:2.0x → P3: 7Fh Checksum: The value of Modulo 256 equal to a total of Byte2 to Byte11 processed by 'Logical Not(~)' Checksum = ~((Byte 2 +……+ Byte 11) & FFh) Note! Camera Position Range per Model -SPD-2300/3000/3300: Pan Range:0~64000, Tilt Range:794~34556 -SPD-1000: Pan Range:0~16851, Tilt Range:0~7662 -SPD-3700/3750/3350, SCP-2370/2330/2270/3370: Pan Range:0~44799, Tilt Range:0~23672 -SCP-2120/3120: Pan Range:0~38399, Tilt Range:0~16887 -SCU-2370/VAC/9051 Pan Range:0~17999(0°~360°) => Position*50 Tilt Range:0~2000(0°~40°), 61286~65535(-85°~-0°) => Position*50 - 14 - Ver 1.80E Note! Camera Zoom Range per Model -SPD-2300:0~1755 -SPD-3000/3300: 0~1770 -SPD-1000:0~1174 -SPD-3700/3750, SCP-2370/3370 : 0~1613 -SPD-3350, SCP-2330 : 0~1608 -SPD-2700, SCP-2270 :0~1589 -SCP-2120:0~921 -SCP-3120:32772~35952 -SCU-2370:0~1613 2.12 New Protocol The following New protocol are developed in response to SI industrial requests. 2.12.1 Set Home Position Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send 00h 0Bh P1 P2 00h 00h Return " " " " " Error P1 P2 00h=HP Specified 01h=ON/OFF Specified 00h~FEh=Preset Number 00h=OFF / 01h=ON 00h=5Sec / 01h=10Sec / 02h=20Sec 03h=30Sec / 04h=1Min / 05h=2Min 06h=3Min / 07h=4Min 08h=5Min(Initial Value=03h) 02h=Specified of Hour 2.12.2 Set Home Position Status Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send 00h 8Bh P1 00h 00h 00h Return " " P1 P2 " Error P1 00h=HP Specified 01h=ON/OFF Specified 02h=Specified of Hour P2 00h~FEh=Preset Number FFh=No Registration 00h=OFF / 01h=ON 00h=5Sec / 01h=10Sec / 02h=20Sec 03h=30Sec / 04h=1Min / 05h=2Min 06h=3Min / 07h=4Min 08h=5Min(Initial Value=03h) - 15 - Ver 1.80E 2.12.3 Freeze Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send 00h 5Dh 02h P1 00h 00h Return " " " " " Error Cmd1 Cmd2 Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Send 00h B5h P1 P2 00h 00h Return " " " " " Error P1: 00h=OFF / 01h=ON 2.12.4 OSD Setting P1: 00h=Camera ID 03h=Preset Name 01h=Camera Name02h=Preset Number 04h=Sequence Status 05h=Area Name 06h=PTZ Position P2: 00h=ON 01h=ON 2.12.5 Text Display Command Please contact us for more usage. 1 2 3 4 5 STX Dome ID CMD Data Size Data … C/S 0xA1 Dome ID 20h P1 P2 … Checksum P1P2: Zoom Position->P1:High Byte, P2:Low Byte - 16 - N Ver 1.80E 3.Protocol Samples The following commands are examples of protocols with the camera ID set to 01h. Command Protocol Note OSD ON A0 01 00 00 B1 00 00 00 00 AF 4D Menu ON One shot AF A0 01 00 E0 15 00 00 00 00 AF 09 Call Zoom Pos. A0 01 00 E0 02 00 00 00 00 AF 1C Call Pan Pos. A0 01 00 E0 01 00 00 00 00 AF 1D Set Preset 3 A0 01 00 00 03 02 00 00 00 AF F9 Call Preset 3 A0 01 00 00 07 02 00 00 00 AF F5 Zoom Tele A0 01 00 00 20 00 00 07 00 AF D7 Zoom Stop A0 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 AF FE Pan Right A0 01 00 00 02 22 00 00 00 AF DA - 17 - Speed 34 Ver 1.80E 3.Appendix 3.1.SCP-3120 Digital Zoom Parameter Digital Zoom Position Parameter 1.08 0x0a 1.17 0x15 1.25 0x20 1.33 0x2a 1.42 0x35 1.5 0x40 1.58 0x4a 1.67 0x55 1.83 0x6a 1.92 0x75 2 0x80 2.17 0x87 2.42 0x91 2.58 0x99 2.83 0xa3 3 0xab 3.5 0xb5 4 0xc0 5 0xcd 6 0xd6 7 0xdc 8 0xe0 9 0xe4 10 0xe7 11 0xe9 12 0xeb 13 0xed 14 0xee 15 0xef 16 0xf0 - 18 -
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