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61202.070L1-1A
May 1998
Express L128 and
Express L128T
ISDN Router/Bridge
USER MANUAL
Express L128, Data Only 1202070L1
Express L128T with POTS Option 1202070L2
Trademark:
DMS-100 is a trademark of Northern Telecom, Inc.
Ethernet is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel Corporation, and Xerox Corporation.
ExpertISDN (patent number 5,715,241) is a trademark of ADTRAN, Inc.
Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
Novell, NetWare, and Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc.
Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
5ESS is a registered trademark of LUCENT.
The Express L128 and Express L128T incorporate Synchronous Data Compression based on either IBM or hi/fn proprietary intellectual property depending on the time of manufacture. The following trademarks and copyrights are applicable:
Stacker LZS Compression
Copyright © 1989 Carnegie Mellon University
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, advertising materials, and other materials related to such distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed by Carnegie Mellon
University. The name of the University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. This software is provided “as is” and without any express or implied warranties, including, without limitation, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
hi/fn
5993 Avenida Encinas
Carlsbad, CA
901 Explorer Boulevard
P.O. Box 140000
Huntsville, AL 35814-4000
Phone: (256) 963-8000
© 1998 ADTRAN, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Printed in USA.
FCC regulations require that the following information be provided in this manual:
1. If this equipment causes harm to the telephone network, the telephone company may temporarily discontinue service. If possible, advance notification is given; otherwise, notification is given as soon as possible. The telephone company will advise the customer of the right to file a complaint with the FCC.
2. The telephone company may make changes in its facilities, equipment, operations, or procedures that could affect the proper operation of this equipment; advance notification and the opportunity to maintain uninterrupted service are given.
3. If experiencing difficulty with this equipment, back cover) please contact ADTRAN (see inside for repair and warranty information. The telephone company may require this equipment to be disconnected from the network until the problem is corrected, or it is certain the equipment is not malfunctioning.
4. This unit contains no user serviceable parts.
To ADTRAN service personnel: For continued protection against risk of fire, replace F1 with the same type and rating of fuse only: .2A, 250 V.
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STATEMENT
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio or TV reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on. The user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by ADTRAN will void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
CANADIAN EMISSIONS REQUIREMENTS
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard entitled
"Digital Apparatus," ICES-003 of the Department of Communications.
Cet appareil nuerique respecte les limites de bruits radioelectriques applicables aux appareils numeriques de Class B prescrites dans la norme sur le materiel brouilleur:
"Appareils Numeriques," NMB-003 edictee par le ministre des Communications.
CANADIAN EQUIPMENT LIMITATIONS
Notice: The Canadian Industry and Science Canada label identifies certified equipment. This certification means that the equipment meets certain telecommunications network protective, operational, and safety requirements. The Department does not guarantee the equipment will operate to the user’s satisfaction.
Before installing this equipment, ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the facilities of the local telecommunications company. The equipment must also be installed using an acceptable method of connection. In some cases, the company’s inside wiring associated with a single-line individual service may be extended by means of a certified connector assembly (telephone extension cord). Compliance with the above conditions may not prevent degradation of service in some situations.
Repairs to certified equipment should be made by an authorized Canadian maintenance facility designated by the supplier. Any repairs or alterations made by the user to this equipment, or equipment malfunctions, may give the telecommunications company cause to request the user to disconnect the equipment.
Users should ensure for their own protection that the electrical ground connections of the power utility, telephone lines, and internal metallic water pipe system, if present, are connected together. This precaution may be particularly important in rural areas.
Users should not attempt to make such connections themselves, but should contact the appropriate electric inspection authority, or an electrician, as appropriate.
The Load Number (LN) assigned to each terminal device denotes the percentage of the total load to be connected to a telephone loop which is used by the device, to prevent overloading. The termination on a loop may consist of any combination of devices subject only to the requirement that the total of the Load Numbers of all devices does not exceed 100.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
When using your telephone equipment, basic safety precautions should always be followed to reduce the risk of fire, electric shock and injury to persons.
The precautions are listed below.
1. Do not use this product near water (for example, near a bath tub, wash bowl, kitchen sink or laundry tub, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool).
2. Avoid using a telephone (other than a cordless type) during an electrical storm. There may be a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
3. Do not use the telephone to report a gas leak in the vicinity of the leak.
4. Use only the power cord, power supply, and/or batteries indicated in the manual. Do not dispose of batteries in a fire. They may explode. Check local codes for any special disposal instructions.
SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS.
Table of Contents
Quick Startup Guide ......................................................................................................... 1
Setting up the ISDN Line................................................................................................... 1
Connecting to an Internet Service Provider.................................................................... 2
Internet Access using Network Address Translation (NAT) ................................ 2
Multiprotocol Routing Between Two LANS ................................................................. 3
Remote/Home Office Accessing the Corporate LAN............................................ 3
Chapter 1. Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T................................. 7
ISDN Overview................................................................................................................... 7
THE Express L128/L128T ................................................................................................. 7
Applications.................................................................................................................. 8
Single User to Corporate LAN..................................................................... 8
Single User IP to Internet Service Provider (ISP) using
Network Address Translation (NAT)....................................................... 9
Multiple Users to Internet Service Provider (ISP) using NAT................ 10
Small Office - Home Office (SOHO) to Corporate LAN.......................... 11
Demand Routing and Bridging with the Express L128/L128T ............................ 12
Factory Default ..................................................................................................... 12
Bridging ................................................................................................................. 13
IP Routing.............................................................................................................. 14
IPX Routing ........................................................................................................... 15
Connection List - Simplifying and Enhancing the Dial Function ................. 15
Concurrent Routing and Bridging............................................................................. 15
Routing over PPP Bridging ........................................................................................ 15
Network Address Translation Mode ........................................................................ 16
Front Panel .................................................................................................................... 16
LAN Indicators ..................................................................................................... 16
WAN Indicators ................................................................................................... 17
Test Indicators....................................................................................................... 17
ISDN Connection ......................................................................................................... 18
Ordering ISDN ............................................................................................................. 19
Interoperability............................................................................................................. 19
Connecting to the Internet .......................................................................................... 19
Configuration ............................................................................................................... 20
Security .......................................................................................................................... 20
Chapter 2. Installation ...................................................................................................... 21
ISDN Network Connection ............................................................................................... 21
Local Area Network Connection...................................................................................... 21
Telephone Connection (L128T Only)............................................................................... 22
Basic Telephone Service .............................................................................................. 22
Supplementary Services.............................................................................................. 22
DTMF Keypad .............................................................................................................. 22
Customer Premises Wiring......................................................................................... 23
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual i
Table of Contents
Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure ................................................. 27
Terminal Menu Structure .................................................................................................. 27
Configuration ............................................................................................................... 27
Dial................................................................................................................................. 27
Status ............................................................................................................................. 29
Test................................................................................................................................. 29
Logs................................................................................................................................ 29
Utilities .......................................................................................................................... 29
Navigating the Terminal Menus ...................................................................................... 30
General Layout............................................................................................................. 30
Menu Path..................................................................................................................... 30
Moving Around ........................................................................................................... 30
Submenus [+] or [DATA] ............................................................................. 30
Activation Field <+> ..................................................................................... 30
Editable Data Field ........................................................................................ 30
Read-Only Field............................................................................................. 30
Navigation with the Keyboard.................................................................... 31
Security Levels ............................................................................................................. 33
Configuration Menu .......................................................................................................... 34
Configuration/System Info........................................................................................ 34
System Name ........................................................................................................ 34
System Location ................................................................................................... 34
System Contact ..................................................................................................... 35
Firmware Revision............................................................................................... 35
System Uptime ..................................................................................................... 35
Date/Time............................................................................................................. 35
Configuration/WAN .................................................................................................. 36
WAN/ISDN.......................................................................................................... 36
ISDN/Dial Line ............................................................................................. 36
Dial Line/ExpertISDN .......................................................................... 36
Dial Line/Switch Protocol .................................................................... 37
Dial Line/Area Code .............................................................................. 37
Dial Line/SPID 1 ..................................................................................... 37
Dial Line/LDN 1 or 2 ............................................................................. 38
ISDN/Leased Line ........................................................................................ 38
Leased Line/Clock Mode ...................................................................... 38
Leased Line/Channel Rate .................................................................... 38
ISDN/NEBEs ................................................................................................. 38
ISDN/FEBEs .................................................................................................. 39
WAN/POTS.......................................................................................................... 39
POTS/POTS Assignment ............................................................................. 39
POTS/NI-1 Conference FI............................................................................ 39
POTS/NI-1 Transfer FI ................................................................................. 39
POTS/Speech Calltype Routing.................................................................. 39
Configuration/IP ......................................................................................................... 40
IP/IP Address....................................................................................................... 40
IP/Subnet Mask ................................................................................................... 40
IP/Default Gateway ............................................................................................ 41 ii Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Table of Contents
IP/Static Routes ................................................................................................... 41
Static Routes/Active ..................................................................................... 41
Static Routes/IP Address............................................................................. 41
Static Routes/Subnet Mask.......................................................................... 41
Static Routes/Gateway................................................................................. 41
Static Routes/Hops....................................................................................... 41
Static Routes/Private.................................................................................... 42
IP/IP Router ......................................................................................................... 42
IP Router/Mode ............................................................................................ 42
IP/RIP ............................................................................................................. 42
RIP/Mode ................................................................................................ 42
RIP/Protocol............................................................................................ 42
RIP/Method............................................................................................. 43
RIP/Direction .......................................................................................... 43
RIP/V2 Secret .......................................................................................... 43
IP/NAT ................................................................................................................. 43
NAT/DHCP Mode ....................................................................................... 43
NAT/DHCP Renewal Time ........................................................................ 44
NAT/Web Server .......................................................................................... 44
IP/DNS.................................................................................................................. 44
DNS/Domain Name..................................................................................... 44
DNS/Server 1 ................................................................................................ 44
DNS/Server 2 ................................................................................................ 45
IP/UDP Relay....................................................................................................... 45
UDP Relay/Mode ......................................................................................... 45
UDP Relay/UDP Relay List......................................................................... 45
UDP Relay List/Relay Address ............................................................ 45
UDP Relay List/UDP Port Type........................................................... 45
UDP Relay List/UDP Port 1, UDP Port 2, UDP Port 3 ..................... 46
IP/Proxy ARP ...................................................................................................... 46
Configuration/IPX ...................................................................................................... 47
IPX/Mode ............................................................................................................. 47
IPX/Network........................................................................................................ 47
IPX/Frame Type .................................................................................................. 48
IPX/Seed Status ................................................................................................... 48
IPX/RIP Timer ..................................................................................................... 48
IPX/SAP Timer .................................................................................................... 49
Configuration/Bridge................................................................................................. 50
Bridge/Mode........................................................................................................ 50
Bridge/WAN IP Bridge ...................................................................................... 50
WAN IP Bridge/Network ........................................................................... 51
WAN IP Bridge/Netmask ........................................................................... 51
WAN IP Bridge/Triggered.......................................................................... 51
WAN IP Bridge/Proxy ARP........................................................................ 51
Bridge/WAN IPX Bridge ................................................................................... 51
WAN IPX Bridge/Network......................................................................... 52
WAN IPX Bridge/Frame Type ................................................................... 52
WAN IPX Bridge/Seed Status .................................................................... 52
WAN IPX Bridge/Triggered ....................................................................... 52
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual iii
Table of Contents iv
Bridge/Spanning Tree......................................................................................... 52
Spanning Tree/Mode ................................................................................... 52
Spanning Tree/Priority ................................................................................ 53
Spanning Tree/Maximum Age ................................................................... 53
Spanning Tree/Hello Time .......................................................................... 53
Spanning Tree/Forward Delay ................................................................... 53
Spanning Tree/LAN Port ............................................................................ 53
LAN Port/Active .................................................................................... 53
LAN Port/Path Cost............................................................................... 54
LAN Port/Priority .................................................................................. 54
Spanning Tree/WAN Port 0........................................................................ 54
WAN Port 0/Active................................................................................ 54
WAN Port 0/Path Cost .......................................................................... 54
WAN Port 0/Priority.............................................................................. 54
Spanning Tree/WAN Port 1........................................................................ 54
WAN Port 1/Active................................................................................ 55
WAN Port 1/Path Cost .......................................................................... 55
WAN Port 1/Priority.............................................................................. 55
Bridge/Address Table......................................................................................... 55
Address Table/Aging................................................................................... 55
Address Table/Forward Policy................................................................... 55
Configuration/Security .............................................................................................. 56
Security/Authentication ..................................................................................... 56
Security/When ..................................................................................................... 57
Security/Radius Server....................................................................................... 57
Radius Server/Primary Server .................................................................... 57
Radius Server/Secondary Server................................................................ 57
Radius Server/UDP Port.............................................................................. 57
Radius Server/Secret .................................................................................... 57
Radius Server/Retry Count ......................................................................... 58
Security/PPP ........................................................................................................ 58
Security/Filter Defines........................................................................................ 59
Filter Defines /MAC Filter Defines ............................................................ 59
Filter Defines /Pattern Filter Defines ......................................................... 60
Filter Defines /IP Filter Defines .................................................................. 60
Filter Defines /IPX Filter Defines................................................................ 61
Configuration/Connection List................................................................................. 63
Connection List/Description.............................................................................. 64
Connection List/Active....................................................................................... 64
Connection List/Authentication........................................................................ 64
Authentication/Tx Method ......................................................................... 65
Authentication/Tx Username ..................................................................... 66
Authentication/Tx Password ...................................................................... 66
Authentication/Rx Username ..................................................................... 66
Authentication/Rx Password...................................................................... 66
Authentication/Caller ID............................................................................. 66
Authentication/Call ID 1 ............................................................................. 67
Authentication/Call ID 2 ............................................................................. 67
Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Table of Contents
61202.070L1-1
Connection List/IP .............................................................................................. 67
IP/Mode ......................................................................................................... 67
IP/NAT........................................................................................................... 67
IP/Route ......................................................................................................... 67
Route/IP/Net.......................................................................................... 68
Route/Netmask ...................................................................................... 68
Route/Static Route ................................................................................. 68
Route/Private.......................................................................................... 68
Route/Hops............................................................................................. 68
Route/Force IP ........................................................................................ 68
IP/RIP ............................................................................................................. 69
RIP/Mode ................................................................................................ 69
RIP/Protocol............................................................................................ 69
RIP/Method............................................................................................. 69
RIP/Direction .......................................................................................... 69
RIP/Triggered ......................................................................................... 69
RIP/Retain ............................................................................................... 70
Connection List/IPX ........................................................................................... 70
IPX/Mode....................................................................................................... 70
IPX/Remote Network .................................................................................. 70
IPX/Triggered ............................................................................................... 70
IPX/Retain ..................................................................................................... 71
IPX/Type 20 Packets..................................................................................... 71
Connection List/Bridge ...................................................................................... 72
Bridge/Mode ................................................................................................. 72
Connection List/Probe........................................................................................ 72
Probe/Active ................................................................................................. 72
Probe/Interval ............................................................................................... 72
Probe/Update Window ............................................................................... 73
Connection List/PPP........................................................................................... 73
PPP/Multilink ............................................................................................... 73
Multilink/Mode ...................................................................................... 73
Multilink/Fragment ............................................................................... 73
Multilink/BACP ..................................................................................... 74
PPP/Compression......................................................................................... 74
PPP/VJ Compression ................................................................................... 74
PPP/Max Config ........................................................................................... 74
PPP/Max Timer............................................................................................. 75
PPP/Max Failure........................................................................................... 75
Connection List/Dial Out................................................................................... 75
Dial Out/Number 1 ...................................................................................... 75
Dial Out/Number 2 ...................................................................................... 75
Dial Out/Call Type....................................................................................... 75
Dial Out/Redial at 56K ................................................................................ 76
Dial Out/Delay.............................................................................................. 76
Dial Out/Connection Timeout.................................................................... 76
Dial Out/Attempts ....................................................................................... 77
Dial Out/Initial Channels ............................................................................ 77
Express L128/L128T User Manual v
Table of Contents
Connection List/Bandwidth .............................................................................. 77
Bandwidth/On Demand .............................................................................. 77
Bandwidth/Mode ................................................................................... 77
Bandwidth/Idle Timeout....................................................................... 77
Bandwidth/Preempt Time .................................................................... 77
Bandwidth/Upper Threshold............................................................... 78
Bandwidth/Lower Threshold............................................................... 78
Bandwidth/Min Channels..................................................................... 78
Bandwidth/Max Channels .................................................................... 78
Bandwidth/Samples ..................................................................................... 78
Samples/Sample Rate ............................................................................ 78
Samples/Samples.................................................................................... 79
Samples/Time Between Changes......................................................... 79
Connection List/Filters ....................................................................................... 79
Filters/WAN-to-LAN (In)............................................................................ 79
Filters/In Exceptions..................................................................................... 80
Filters/LAN-to-WAN (Out) ........................................................................ 80
Filters/Out Exceptions ................................................................................. 81
Filters/Demand Dial..................................................................................... 81
Filters/Dem Dial Exceptions ....................................................................... 82
Configuration/Management ..................................................................................... 83
Management/Telnet............................................................................................ 83
Telnet/Server Access .................................................................................... 83
Telnet/User List............................................................................................. 84
User List/Name....................................................................................... 84
User List/Authen Method ..................................................................... 84
User List/Password ................................................................................ 84
User List/Idle Time ................................................................................ 84
User List/Level........................................................................................ 84
Management/SNMP ........................................................................................... 85
SNMP Access ................................................................................................. 85
SNMP/Communities.................................................................................... 85
Communities/Name .............................................................................. 85
Communities/Privilege ......................................................................... 85
Communities/Manager IP..................................................................... 85
SNMP/Traps.................................................................................................. 85
Traps/Manager Name ........................................................................... 86
Traps/Manager IP .................................................................................. 86
Management/Maint Port.................................................................................... 86
Maint Port/Password Protect...................................................................... 86
Maint Port/Password ................................................................................... 86
Maint Port/Baud Rate .................................................................................. 86
Maint Port/Data Bits .................................................................................... 86
Maint Port/Parity.......................................................................................... 87
Maint Port/Stop Bits..................................................................................... 87
Configuration/Terminal Mode ................................................................................. 87
Dial Menu ............................................................................................................................ 88
Dial/Description.......................................................................................................... 88 vi Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Table of Contents
Dial/Dial....................................................................................................................... 88
Dial/Hang Up.............................................................................................................. 89
Dial/Status ................................................................................................................... 89
Dial/Channels.............................................................................................................. 89
Dial/Number 1 ............................................................................................................ 89
Dial/Number 2 ............................................................................................................ 89
Status Menu ........................................................................................................................ 90
Status/Call Sessions.................................................................................................... 90
Call Sessions/Session1 and Call Sessions/Session2....................................... 91
Call Sessions/Spanning Tree ............................................................................. 92
Status/ARP Cache....................................................................................................... 92
Status/Bridge Table .................................................................................................... 93
Status/IP Routes.......................................................................................................... 93
Status/IPX Routes ....................................................................................................... 94
Status/IPX Servers ...................................................................................................... 95
Status/WAN Stats ....................................................................................................... 95
Status/LAN Stats ........................................................................................................ 96
Status/IP Stats.............................................................................................................. 96
Test Menu............................................................................................................................ 98
Test Menu/Echo Request ........................................................................................... 98
Test Menu/Dial Self.................................................................................................... 98
Logs Menu........................................................................................................................... 99
Logs/Sys log Host ....................................................................................................... 99
Logs/PPP Log .............................................................................................................. 99
PPP Log/Active ................................................................................................... 100
PPP Log/Wrap..................................................................................................... 100
PPP Log/Level ..................................................................................................... 100
PPP Log/View ..................................................................................................... 100
PPP Log/Clear ..................................................................................................... 100
Logs/Call Log .............................................................................................................. 100
Call Log/Active ................................................................................................... 100
Call Log/Wrap..................................................................................................... 101
Call Log/Level ..................................................................................................... 101
Call Log/View...................................................................................................... 101
Call Log/Clear ..................................................................................................... 101
Logs/Network Log ..................................................................................................... 101
Network Log/Active........................................................................................... 101
Network Log/Wrap ............................................................................................ 101
Network Log/Level ............................................................................................ 102
Network Log/View............................................................................................. 102
Network Log/Clear............................................................................................. 102
Utilities Menu ..................................................................................................................... 103
Utilities/Ping ............................................................................................................... 103
Utilities/Telnet Client................................................................................................. 104
Utilities/Upgrade Menu ............................................................................................ 104
Upgrade/Transfer Method ................................................................................ 104
Upgrade/TFTP Host ........................................................................................... 104
Upgrade/Filename .............................................................................................. 104
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual vii
Table of Contents
Upgrade/Status.................................................................................................... 104
Upgrade/Start Transfer ...................................................................................... 105
Upgrade/Abort Transfer .................................................................................... 105
Upgrade/TFTP Server......................................................................................... 105
Utilities/Exit................................................................................................................. 105
Chapter 4. Troubleshooting............................................................................................. 107
If Self-Test Fails................................................................................................................... 107
If the Express L128/L128T does not read Ready........................................................... 107
If you are unable to connect calls ..................................................................................... 113
Chapter 5. Specifications ................................................................................................. 115
Specifications and Features............................................................................................... 115
Network Interface.......................................................................................... 115
Ethernet Interface (LAN).............................................................................. 115
Switch Compatibility .................................................................................... 115
Dual POTS Interface...................................................................................... 115
Display ............................................................................................................ 116
Environmental ............................................................................................... 116
Physical ........................................................................................................... 116
Power............................................................................................................... 116
Appendix A. Loop Status Messages .............................................................................. 117
Appendix B. Log Messages.............................................................................................. 121
Appendix C. SNMP........................................................................................................... 139
Appendix D. Connector Pinouts .................................................................................... 143
Appendix E. Terminal Mode Commands..................................................................... 145
Appendix F. Frame Relay Firmware Version............................................................... 149
Glossary............................................................................................................................... 161
Acronyms ............................................................................................................................ 171
Index .................................................................................................................................... 173 viii Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
List of Figures
Figure 1-1: Express L128/L128T ...................................................................................... 7
Figure 1-2: Single User to Corporate LAN ..................................................................... 8
Figure 1-3: Single User to Internet Service Provider ..................................................... 9
Figure 1-4: Multiple User to Internet Service Provider................................................. 10
Figure 1-5: SOHO to Corporate LAN.............................................................................. 11
Figure 1-6: Express L128/L128T LEDs............................................................................ 17
Figure 1-7: Express L128/L128T Rear Panel .................................................................. 18
Figure 2-1: Wiring Scheme 1............................................................................................. 24
Figure 2-2: Wiring Scheme 2............................................................................................. 25
Figure 3-1: Top Level Terminal Menu............................................................................. 28
Figure 3-2: Configuration/System Info Screen.............................................................. 34
Figure 3-3: Configuration/WAN Screen ........................................................................ 36
Figure 3-4: Configuration/IP Screen ............................................................................... 40
Figure 3-5: Configuration/IPX Screen ............................................................................ 47
Figure 3-6: Configuration/Bridge Screen ....................................................................... 50
Figure 3-7: Configuration/Security Screen .................................................................... 56
Figure 3-8: Configuration/Connection List Screen....................................................... 63
Figure 3-9: Configuration/Management Screen............................................................ 83
Figure 3-10: Dial Screen..................................................................................................... 88
Figure 3-11: Status Screen ................................................................................................. 90
Figure 3-12: Test Screen ..................................................................................................... 98
Figure 3-13: Logs Screen.................................................................................................... 99
Figure 3-14: Utilities Screen .............................................................................................. 103
Figure F-01: Configuration/Frame Relay Screen .......................................................... 149
Figure F-02: Status/Sessions Screen (with Frame Relay) ............................................. 157
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual ix
List of Figures x Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
List of Tables
Table 2-A: Using the Flash-Hook..................................................................................... 23
Table 4-A: Troubleshooting Calls .................................................................................... 113
Table D-A: IBM/AT Style EIA-232 Interface ................................................................. 143
Table D-B: RJ-45 ISDN ....................................................................................................... 143
Table D-C: RJ-11 POTS ...................................................................................................... 144
Table D-D: 10BaseT Ethernet............................................................................................ 144
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual xi
List of Tables xii Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Quick Startup Guide
SETTING UP THE ISDN LINE
Before configuring the Express L128/L128T, ensure that the telephone service has provided the switch type, service profile identification (SPID), and local directory number (LDN).
Example: Switch Type National ISDN-1
SPID1 20555512120100
SPID2
LDN1
LDN2
20555512130100
5551212
5551213
1.
Connect a VT 100 async terminal, or personal computer with a terminal emulator running 9600 N-8-1, to the MAINTENANCE port.
2.
Hold down the Control key and press R ; then press Enter to display the top menu.
3.
Using the arrow keys and Enter key to navigate the menu, go to the Configuration/WAN/ISDN/Dial Line menu. Enter the SPIDs, LDNs, and switch type.
4.
Use the left arrow key or the Escape key to go back up the menu tree.
When asked to save ISDN parameters, type y .
5.
Connect the ISDN line to the RJ-45 jack labeled ISDN on the rear panel.
6.
When the PWR LED remains solid, the Express L128/L128T is ready for calling.
7.
If using a POTS phone with the Express L128T, connect the POTS telephone to the POTS port.
If the SPID(s) does not work or is unknown, try activating the ExpertISDN ™
First enter the area code and local directory number(s); then press the Enter the ExpertISDN activator.
feature. key over
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 1
Quick Startup Guide
CONNECTING TO AN INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER
Internet Access using Network Address Translation (NAT)
1.
Connect the 10BaseT cable from the PC’s network card to the Express
L128/L128T. Select TO NIC on the Express L128/L128T back panel.
2.
Go to the Configuration/Connection List menu, and then press the right arrow key to place the cursor on the Num column.
3.
Type I to insert a new Connection List entry.
4.
Using the arrow keys, move the cursor over the Num column for the inserted entry. Press Enter to place the subentries into the right pane.
5.
Set the Description to an identifiable name (i.e., ISP).
6.
Go into the Authentication field and select PAP or CHAP for the Tx
Method .
7.
Enter your user name and password (provided by your ISP) into the Tx
Username and Tx Password fields.
8.
Move the cursor to the left pane and highlight the IP parameters.
9.
Set the NAT item to Yes . This is a very important step. The Express L128/
L128T will need to translate the “fake” IP address(es) on the PC(s) to the
“real” address provided dynamically by the ISP. See IP/NAT on page 43 for more details.
10. All other IP parameters should be left at their default settings. Navigate over to the Dial Out parameters.
11. Enter the number into Number 1 . If configured for two B-channel (PPP
Multilink) by the ISP, enter Number 2 if it exists and set Initial Channels to 2 .
12. Arrow left until the message Save Connection List Changes appears.
Type y to save.
13. Go to the Configuration/IP menu and enter an IP address and net mask into the IP Address and Subnet Mask fields. The factory default setting will work just as well (10.0.0.1, 255.255.255.0).
14. Go into the Configuration/IP/NAT submenu and set DHCP Mode to On .
15. Arrow left to save the configuration.
16. Go into the Dial menu.
17. Set the cursor over the Dial parameter for the Connection List profile you just set up.
18. Press Enter ; the Express L128/L128T will start dialing.
2 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Quick Startup Guide
19. If the call is successful, the Status column will read active . If not, make sure the number(s) are correct or reference Chapter 4 on page 107 (the troubleshooting chapter) before going on to the next step.
20. Once the call is up, the PC must generate a DHCP request to obtain the IP parameters needed to get on the Internet. Refer to your PC’s user manual or help screen.
MULTIPROTOCOL ROUTING BETWEEN TWO LANS
Remote/Home Office Accessing the Corporate LAN
The following steps can be used to set up the Express L128/L128T on a remote
LAN to access a corporate or central LAN using demand dial and dynamic bandwidth management.
1.
Connect the 10BaseT cable from the hub to the Express L128/L128T. Select TO HUB on the Express L128/L128T back panel. The LI indicator should be illuminated.
2.
Set the IP address and Subnet Mask assigned by the network administrator in the Configuration/IP menu.
3.
For the Default Gateway , enter the IP address of the access server at the remote site. This creates a default route in the IP routing table that will be used with the dial-on-demand feature in the Express L128/L128T.
4.
Use the arrow keys to get to the Configuration/IPX menu. Set the Network value to the IPX network supplied by the network administrator.
Set the Seed Status to Seed . Arrow left and save the changes with a y when prompted.
5.
Move to the Configuration/Connection List . Use the arrow keys to move the cursor over the Num column. Type I to insert a new entry.
6.
Move the cursor over the Description field and press Enter. A pop up window appears in which to enter a name for this Connection List profile.
7.
Move the cursor over the Authentication menu and press Return. This will place the authentication parameters into the right pane.
8.
Enter the username and password under Tx Username and Tx Password.
These items should be provided by the administrator at the site being dialed.
9.
Use the down arrow to display the IP menu parameters in the right pane.
10. Move the cursor over the Route menu and press Return.
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 3
Quick Startup Guide
11. Enter the IP address and Netmask parameters of the access server at the remote site. This creates a static route to the access server’s network which is entered into the Express L128/L128T’s IP route table.
12. Move the cursor over the RIP menu. Check with the network administrator for the type of routing protocol used. The Express L128/L128T supports RIP versions 1 and 2. The protocol is set in the Protocol parameter.
13. Select Yes for the Triggered parameter. This will prevent periodic RIP updates that keep the ISDN link from going “idle.”
14. Select Yes for the Retain parameter. This will allow the routes learned from the access server to be saved in the IP routing table. Access to any of those networks from the workstation will cause this profile to be dialed.
15. Use the left arrow to get back to the previous menu. Use the down arrow to view the IPX menu parameters in the right pane.
16. This is similar to steps 13 and 14. Select Yes for Triggered and Yes for Re- tain . This will allow the ISDN link to go to an idle state and permit the
Express L128/L128T to “spoof” the server information obtained from the access server. A similar configuration must be selected on the access server.
17. Use the arrows to get the Dial Out menu parameters for this profile.
18. Enter the phone number of the access server in Number 1. If configured by the administrator to use two B-channels using Multilink PPP, set the
Initial Channels field to 2. Some PPP protocols, if they exist in the access server, will allow the second channel to come into play only if the bandwidth is needed. If this is the case, the Express L128/L128T will automatically negotiate this with the access server.
19. Now move to the Bandwidth menu for this profile. Once there, use the right arrow to move to the On Demand submenu.
20. Set the Mode parameter to On. This enables the dynamic bandwidth features of the Express L128/L128T.
21. Select the Idle Timeout parameter and enter the number of seconds the
Express L128/L128T should wait before hanging up the connection when no traffic is present. A value of 120 seconds is typical. A value of 0 means never idle the link.
22. All the parameters for this Connection List profile are complete. To save them, press the left arrow to get to the top (main) menu; when prompted
Save Connection List changes?
enter y.
23. Set up the computer workstation’s IP and IPX parameters as instructed by the network administrator. The Express L128/L128T’s IP address should be the computer’s default gateway.
4 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Quick Startup Guide
When the computer which is attached to the local LAN attempts to access a host on the access server, the Express L128/L128T will dial the number provided in the Connection List profile. The Express L128/L128T will provide one of two B-channels based on traffic demand and POTS port usage (Express
XLT model only). If no packet traffic is transmitted or received for the specified number of seconds, the Express L128/L128T will disconnect the link until a computer on the local LAN again attempts to access a host on the access server.
If Novell’s IPX protocol is being used, the link must be dialed first in the Dial menu to obtain the server and route information needed by the computer to boot up. Advanced users can use the Express L128/L128T’s Probe feature to periodically dial the access server to obtain the route and server information, thereby removing the need to manually dial the first time.
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 5
Quick Startup Guide
6 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Chapter 1
Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T
ISDN OVERVIEW
The Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a public or private switched digital network. ISDN is an international standard for digital communications, allowing a full range of enhanced services supporting voice, data, and image applications through standard interfaces over a single telephone wire.
ISDN provides a means of integrating these services and modernizing communication networks for information movement and management efficiency.
THE EXPRESS L128/L128T
The Express L128/L128T is a standalone device that links two Local Area Networks (LANs) using a high-speed ISDN public network or leased two-wire line. Optionally, the Express L128T has two plain old telephone service
(POTS) connectors used for voice/modem applications
See Figure 1-1 for an illustration of the Express L128/L128T. The 10BaseT connector operates at 10 megabits per second half duplex and accepts standard
Ethernet packets encapsulated using IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet II (DIX). Because the 10BaseT is a four-wire interface, a crossover switch permits the user to connect to either a hub-concentrator or network interface card without the need for special cabling. The maintenance port can connect to any asynchronous terminal emulating a VT 100 terminal for configuration.
EXPRESS L128T
LI
TX/RX
B1 B2
TEST
PWR
LINE
Express L128/L128T User Manual
Figure 1-1
Express L128/L128T
7 61202.070L1-1
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T
Applications
Single User to Corporate LAN
• Telecommuter/Home Office Access to the corporate LAN
• Single device access
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP) broadcasts are “relayed” to corporate
LAN.
• Client device can obtain the Internet Protocol (IP) address dynamically using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
• Compatible with popular central site LAN access devices
ISDN
Router
1
POWER O 10 BASE T
TO
HUB
TO
NIC
EIA232
OFF
ON
2 1 ISDN
10 BT
10 BT
Server
Figure 1-2
Single User to Corporate LAN
8 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T
Single User IP to Internet Service Provider (ISP) using Network Address Translation (NAT)
• Provides high speed home access to the Internet
• NAT provides translation from user assigned IP addresses to ISP assigned
IP addresses.
• The PC’s IP address can be dynamically assigned by the Express L128/
L128T.
• Overcomes the serial port speed limitations of current terminal adapter solutions
• Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) plus compression yields effective throughput greater than 256 kbps.
• Compatible with popular ISP access devices
ISDN
INTERNET
61202.070L1-1
1
POWER O 10 BASE T
TO
HUB
TO
NIC
EIA232
OFF
ON
2 1 ISDN
10 BT
10 BT
Figure 1-3
Single User to Internet Service Provider
Express L128/L128T User Manual 9
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T
Multiple Users to Internet Service Provider (ISP) using NAT
• Provides high speed home access to the Internet
• Multiple and simultaneous access
• The PC’s IP address can by dynamically assigned by the Express L128/
L128T.
• On-demand Internet access
• Multilink PPP plus compression yields effective throughput greater than
256 kbps.
• Compatible with popular ISP access devices
INTERNET
1
POWER O 10 BASE T
TO
HUB
TO
NIC
EIA232
OFF
ON
2 1 ISDN
10 BT
Hub
ISDN
10
Figure 1-4
Multiple User to Internet Service Provider
Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T
Small Office - Home Office (SOHO) to Corporate LAN
• Connects the small office or home office to the corporate LAN
• Routes IP and Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) traffic from multiple devices to the corporate LAN
• Bridges all non-routed traffic (e.g., AppleTalk)
• Provides dedicated or on-demand services
• Low-cost alternative to buying a high-end router
• Compatible with popular central site LAN access devices
1
POWER O 10 BASE T
TO
HUB
TO
NIC
EIA232
OFF
ON
2 1 ISDN
10 BT
Hub
Router
Server
Figure 1-5
SOHO to Corporate LAN
The Express L128/L128T provides the following basic functions:
1.
LAN Bridge: Bridging provides a point-to-point connection between two
LANs. The bridge learning function scans the source and destination media access control (MAC) addresses of all packets on its local LAN and determines which packets should be transmitted over the ISDN link.
Applications include connectivity between single user or small offices to corporate LANs. The Express L128/L128T uses the Spanning Tree Algorithm (IEEE 802.1d-ISO/IEC10038), which provides a loop-free topology and redundancy.
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 11
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T
2.
IP Router: The Express L128/L128T can function as an IP router using the
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) for advertising and learning routes among other routers. Static routes may also be entered into the routing table.
3.
IPX Router: IPX routers and services can be exchanged between the Express L128/L128T and other devices using RIP and Service Advertising
Protocol (SAP). Watch dog serialization filtering and spoofing can permit the ISDN to be idle during no application traffic periods.
4.
Network Address Translation (NAT): Single networks can connect to the
Internet with this function. The Express L128/L128T translates outgoing
IP packets over the ISDN to the IP router at the Internet Service Provider.
Popular Internet applications are supported.
5.
POTS: The POTS interfaces can be used for interfacing to dual tone multifrequency (DTMF) analog devices such as telephones, modems, fax machines, etc. The Express L128T POTS option is available on part number
1202070L2 only.
Demand Routing and Bridging with the Express L128/L128T
The Express L128/L128T is a dial-up ISDN IP Router and Transparent Learning Bridge that provides Dial-On-Demand and Dynamic Bandwidth Management. Its features can be easily configured and used once several basic concepts are understood.
Factory Default
The Express L128/L128T comes from the factory configured for MAC Bridging, IP routing, and IPX routing with no filters or connection information defined. An IP address of 10.0.0.1 with a network mask of 255.255.255.0 is preloaded. Dynamic Bandwidth Management features are disabled. Although dynamic assignment of a B-channel for the analog (POTS) ports on the
Express L128T model is always available, link idle time-out and adding/removing of B-channels based on traffic is initially disabled.
12 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T
Bridging
In Bridge Mode, the Express L128/L128T can communicate with two remote networks at a time. The destination is dialed by setting up a Connection List profile and choosing Dial on the Dial menu. See Configuration/Connection List on page 63 for instructions on setting up a Connection List profile.
During a two B-channel PPP Multilink call, the Express L128T automatically drops one B-channel and provides it to the POTS port when a telephone call is placed or answered. When a POTS telephone call terminates, the Express L128 redials the second B-channel and supplies the bandwidth back to the LAN connection. Since other bandwidth management features are disabled in the factory default configuration, the dialed links remain active until the Hang-up command is entered from the Dial menu, terminating the session with the selected remote network.
The Connection List described in the next section may be used to automate dialing and to store additional information specific to the remote site being dialed (phone numbers, number of B-channels to dial, authentication information, Caller ID, etc.). In addition, to reduce line charges, Demand Dialing may be enabled to allow idle links to disconnect when not being used .
Simple Demand Bridging may be configured by enabling the Idle Time-Out parameter under the Configuration/ Connection List [1]/Bandwidth/On De- mand option on the Connection List. Setting this parameter to a non-zero value allows a bridge connection to disconnect after the specified number of seconds with no traffic crossing the ISDN link. Bandwidth can be controlled using the Express L128/L128T’s advanced filtering capability. When new traffic needs to be transmitted, the Express L128/L128T will run each packet through its Demand filters defined for each Connection List profile. If a packet can pass through the filter, then the numbers for that profile are dialed. In addition, when both B-channels are selected for use, the link may be configured to add/remove the second B-channel based on the amount of traffic crossing the link. The bridged connection is terminated when the Hang-up option is selected from the Dial menu, but will redial if the demand filter condition is met.
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 13
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T
IP Routing
The Express L128/L128T operates as a dial-up IP router when the Configura- tion/IP/IP Router/Mode option is configured to On. The Express L128/L128T uses an IP unnumbered WAN interface; the IP address and mask assigned to the unit’s LAN interface apply to all routing and IP operations for the unit. If a default gateway is specified on the network of the Ethernet interface, the unit attempts to reach the gateway through that interface. If the gateway is specified on an unknown network, the unknown network is assigned to the router table and remains unused until that gateway becomes the peer on a WAN connection. If no default gateway is specified, the first connected peer on the
WAN interface becomes the default gateway (recommended for remote applications when there are no other routers on the remote LAN).
For each profile in the Connection List that includes an IP address and has the
Configuration/Connection List/IP/Route/Static Route option set to Yes, the
Network Address of the specified IP address is added to the router table with the Host Address as the gateway. If the Configuration/Connection List/IP/
Route/Private option is set to No, the route is advertised at the specified metric through the unit’s interfaces as if a connection is active to that network. These routes are referred to as spoofed routes.
Attempts by any computer connected to the LAN interface to access a host on a spoofed network causes a connection to be attempted using the information from that Connection List profile. Once connected, routes advertised by the peer router are learned and advertised to the local LAN. If Bandwidth-On-Demand is enabled and an Idle Time-out value is specified, expiration of the Idle
Timer causes the link to be disconnected; the routes learned from the peer router are retained if the Configuration/Connection List/IP/RIP/Retain option is set to Yes and advertised as if the connection is still active. These routes are referred to as retained routes. Attempts by any connected computer to access a host on any of the retained routes causes the link to be redialed. If Hang
Up is activated from the Dial menu when the link is down, the retained routes are removed.
The Express L128/L128T can be connected to two WAN destinations at the same time. Each B-channel is dialed to a different location. Routes learned from one WAN destination are advertised to the other using RIP.
14 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T
IPX Routing
Like IP routing, the Express L128/L128T can connect to two different sites and exchange IPX packets. Network routes and services are learned and advertised using Novell’s RIP and SAP. Routes and services learned from a separate site can be retained in the Express L128/L128T when the connection goes idle.
While retained, the Express L128/L128T can spoof RIP/SAP and watch-dog and filter serialization packets that would normally be required between the
Novell server and client.
Connection List - Simplifying and Enhancing the Dial Function
The Connection List, which is accessed from the Configuration menu, provides a location to define information regarding 15 individual destinations that may be dialed. A Connection List entry is required for each destination since authentication information (method, username, password), number of
B-channels, telephone numbers, Caller ID, IP, or IPX address (for routed connections), and other information can be stored for each destination defined.
Defined destinations may be dialed by selecting the Dial activator in the Dial menu or by demand for the desired Connection List profile.
Concurrent Routing and Bridging
The Express L128/L128T can route IP and IPX as well as bridge non-IP/IPX packets simultaneously. The Connection List profile will by default negotiate
PPP network protocols to support the transmission and reception of IP, IPX, and Bridge packets. If the PPP peer does not accept a protocol, the Express
L128/L128T will fall back to any combination of routing and bridging.
Routing over PPP Bridging
The Express L128/L128T can support legacy equipment which does not support PPP IP (IPCP) or IPX (IPXCP) protocols by allowing routing packets over the WAN connection using PPP Bridging (BCP). To perform this, the Express
L128/L128T uses a “virtual” Ethernet port. This port is set up under the Con- figuration/Bridge menu.
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 15
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T
Network Address Translation Mode
NAT is a special mode of operation in which the Express L128/L128T obtains a dynamically assigned IP address from the peer router (typically an Internet
Service Provider). This allows a network of computers to benefit from Ethernet to ISDN speeds while still appearing to the Internet Service Provider (or central site router) as a single IP address, which is typical of PC based serial dial-up solutions.
A call is initiated to the ISP using the Dial menu or demand for a Connection
List profile that has the IP parameter NAT set to Yes. The network computer’s
IP stack may use DHCP to request an IP address, default gateway address, and domain name server addresses from the Express L128/L128T.
Front Panel
Figure 1-6 on page 17 shows the front panel of the Express L128/L128T. The indicators are divided into LAN functions, WAN functions, and Test functions.
LAN Indicators
TX/RX
LI
Flashes green when transmitting data onto the 10BaseT connector.
Flashes yellow when receiving data from the 10BaseT connector.
Link integrity. Illuminates when there is a good connection between the Express L128/L128T and the Hub/NIC card.
16 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T
WAN Indicators
PWR
B1
B2
Flashes when the link is inactive; solid when the link is active.
Flashes green when the link is being negotiated; off when the link is active. After the link is active, B1 flashes green when a call on B1 channel is in progress; solid green when a call is connected.
Flashes green when the link is being negotiated; off when the link is active. After the link is active, B2 flashes green when a call on B2 channel is in progress; solid green when a call is connected.
Test Indicators
B1/B2 A slow amber flash indicates test in progress; a fast amber flash indicates test has failed.
EXPRESS L128T
LI
TX/RX
B1
B2
TEST
PWR
LINE
Figure 1-6
Express L128/L128T LEDs
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 17
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T
ISDN Connection
From the network, ISDN is delivered by a single 2-wire 2B1Q U-interface which is connected directly to the Express L128/L128T. ISDN network termination is designed into the Express L128/L128T, eliminating the need and expense of a separate NT1. For network testing, the Express L128/L128T responds to NT1 test commands from the telephone company central office
(CO).
The Express L128/L128T has one RJ-45 jack, labeled ISDN, on the rear panel for network connection (see Figure 1-7). ISDN basic rate service divides a standard telephone line into three digital channels capable of simultaneous voice and data transmission. The three channels are comprised of two bearer (B) channels at 64 kbps and one data (D) channel at 16 kbps, known as 2B+D.
The Express L128/L128T also supports a leased digital connection allowing data to be transferred at up to 144 kbps over a 2-wire facility using the same
RJ-45 jack. This type of service is a permanent connection between endpoints and is sometimes referred to as a leased connection, a dedicated connection, a nailed-up connection, or a private circuit. Leased connection or leased line is used in this manual to represent these types of services.
1
POWER O 10 BASE T
TO
HUB
TO
NIC
EIA232
OFF
ON
1 2 3 4
ISDN
1202070L1
1
POWER O 10 BASE T
TO
HUB
TO
NIC
EIA232
OFF
ON
1 2 3 4
2 1 ISDN
1202070L2
Figure 1-7
Express L128/L128T Rear Panel
18 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T
Ordering ISDN
When ordering ISDN from the telephone company, request EZ-ISDN 1 (Capability Package U) to ensure it is set up properly. EZ-ISDN 1 is recommended by the industry for most home office/small business applications. If this is not available from your service provider or you would like more information regarding ordering ISDN, see the ADTRAN document Ordering ISDN Service
User Guide part number 60000.015-8 or contact your telephone company for alternative line configurations. The Ordering ISDN Service User Guide is available on the ADTRAN home page at http://www.adtran.com or by calling
ADTRAN.
Interoperability
The Express L128/L128T is standards based and uses PPP developed by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). PPP provides a standard method of transporting multiprotocol datagrams over point-to-point links. PPP is widely accepted by many ISDN bridge/router manufacturers. The Express L128/
L128T will negotiate Multilink PPP when connecting both B-channels. The
Bandwidth Allocation Protocol (BAP) may also negotiate, which enhances the management of adding and removing a B-channel. Data compression is also supported using LZS ® technology from hi/fn™.
Connecting to the Internet
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) assign an IP address to use when connected to their service using PPP negotiation. This assignment is based on the assumption that the user has an ISDN terminal adapter running PPP async-tosync conversion or another rate adaption where the PPP negotiation is terminated inside the PC’s IP stack. However, if an ISDN-Ethernet gateway device is used, the ISP must preassign the customer a subnet which uses multiple IP addresses. This may result in a much higher cost to the user.
The Express L128/L128T permits the user to assign any IP addresses to the unit and computers. Operations on the network can occur normally. In fact, one B-channel can connect to the ISP using NAT while the other B-channel connects to another “private” or “fake” network. All packets transmitted or received over the ISP connection are translated. The Express L128/L128T keeps track of the computers that request services over the Internet. A web server address can be assigned under the Configuration/IP/NAT menu that allows
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 19
Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T incoming HTTP, FTP, and mail server requests from the Internet to be translated and forwarded to this address on the user network.
Configuration
The Express L128/L128T is configured using a menu-based interface. This interface can be accessed via the maintenance port using any asynchronous VT
100 terminal or personal computer running a terminal emulation program, or via the LAN using a Telnet client program. To use the Telnet interface, the Express L128/L128T must first have an IP address programmed into it via the maintenance port. The factory default is 10.0.0.1.
Security
Security on network devices is a major concern for almost anyone with a network. The Express L128/L128T provides many tools for securing the local network from hostile users. Incoming calls can be authenticated using passwords and Caller ID. A RADIUS client can also be used.
The Telnet configuration can also be protected using the same authentication methods. Each menu item in the Express L128/L128T has a security level associated with it. A Telnet session is assigned a privilege level which determines which menu items are accessible to the Telnet client. See Security Levels on page 33 (in Chapter 3) for more information on menu security levels.
Filters can be defined to prevent certain addresses or protocols from being transferred from LAN-to-WAN, WAN-to-LAN, or WAN-to-WAN.
20 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Chapter 2
Installation
After unpacking the unit, immediately inspect it for possible shipping damage. If damage is discovered, file a claim immediately with the shipping carrier; then contact the ADTRAN Repair and Return department.
ISDN NETWORK CONNECTION
The Express L128/L128T supports either dial or leased operation. A single RJ-
45 modular jack labeled ISDN on the rear panel provides connection to either network service.
Dial operation allows the user to dial out or receive calls over the public network.
The leased operation mode supports dedicated 2B1Q data service at rates up to 144 kbps by using a nailed up circuit, or a permanent connection between endpoints.
See Appendix D on page 143 for ISDN network connector pin assignments.
LOCAL AREA NETWORK CONNECTION
The Express L128/L128T has a 10BaseT connector that provides half-duplex
10 Mbps operation over a 4-wire twisted pair. Place the switch in the TO HUB position when connecting to a 10BaseT concentrator or Hub. Place the switch in the TO NIC position when connecting directly to a computer’s 10BaseT network interface card.
Other types of Ethernet interfaces (i.e., AUI, 10Base2, etc.) can be accommodated by obtaining an appropriate converter.
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 21
Chapter 2: Installation
TELEPHONE CONNECTION (L128T ONLY)
Basic Telephone Service
The Express L128T supports an analog DTMF telephone type (AT&T 2500) with the POTS interface, part number 1202070L2. Two telephones or other analog devices (like a fax machine or modem) plug into either RJ-11 jack (labeled with drawings of telephones) on the rear of the unit. Using a multipoint line allows the POTS and data port to have unique phone numbers.
Supplementary Services
Supplementary services such as call holding, three- or six-way conferencing, call transfer, and call waiting are fully supported by the Express L128/L128T on a touch-tone telephone. Table 2-A explains how the flash-hook is used for handling multi-call situations.
DTMF Keypad
The following functions are performed on a touch-tone phone:
• Disable call waiting:
• Enable call waiting:
• Redial last number:
• Enable ExpertISDN:
• Enter Area Code:
• Enter Phone Number 1:
• Enter Phone Number 2:
Press **0
Press **1
Press **5
Press **6
Press **7XXX
(where XXX is a 3-digit area code.
This must be entered first, before enabling ExpertISDN.)
Press **8XXXXXXX
(where XXXXXXX is the 7- digit phone number. This must be entered before enabling ExpertISDN.)
Press **9XXXXXXX
(where XXXXXXX is the 7-digit phone number. If only one phone number is assigned, this does not have to be entered.)
22 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Chapter 2: Installation
Table 2-A
Using the Flash-Hook
Calling a second party with an active call.
Flash-hook to place active call on hold and dial new number. Hanging up will terminate the call.
Answering an incoming call with an active call at call waiting.
Flash-hook to place active call on hold and answer incoming call. Hanging up will terminate both calls.
Conferencing Calls.
With an outgoing call on hold, and a second outgoing call active, flash-hook to conference calls. Hanging up will transfer second call.
With an incoming call on hold, and outgoing call active, flash-hook to conference calls. Hanging up will transfer calls.
With two incoming calls (one on hold and one active) flash-hook to conference calls. Hanging up transfers calls.
Answering calls on hold, and holding incoming active calls.
Flash-hook places the incoming call on hold and reconnects to outgoing call.
Hanging up will terminate both calls.
When connecting to a National ISDN 1 switch, call conferencing and call transferring are assigned a unique feature identifier number. This number may not be the same in all areas. The Configuration/WAN/POTS menu contains the feature identifier numbers for conference and transfer. If these features do not work, contact your ISDN provider. They can determine the numbers for these features that can then be programmed into the Express L128/L128T.
Customer Premises Wiring
Customer premises wiring requirements for the Express L128/L128T vary depending on the application and existing wiring. It may be simpler for the
ISDN provider to deliver another line to your location. This would eliminate the need to modify existing wiring. Figures 2-1 and 2-2 illustrate two wiring scheme possibilities.
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 23
Chapter 2: Installation
To
Telephone
Company
Yellow
Red
Green
Black
New Wiring Scheme
24
To
Telephone
Company
Personal
Computer
Express L128/L128T
10-Base-T Phone U
Yellow
Red
Green
Black
Figure 2-1
Wiring Scheme 1:
Use existing analog telephone equipment, but replace single analog telephone service with ISDN service
Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Chapter 2: Installation
To
Telephone
Company
Yellow
Red
Green
Black
New Wiring Scheme
To
Telephone
Company
61202.070L1-1
Personal
Computer
Express L128/L128T
10-Base-T Phone U
Red Green
Yellow
Red
Green
Black
W A R N I N G
Ensure other yellow and black wire functions are removed before using this wiring scheme.
Figure 2-2
Wiring Scheme 2:
Retain single analog telephone service and add ISDN service
Express L128/L128T User Manual 25
Chapter 2: Installation
26 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Chapter 3
Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
TERMINAL MENU STRUCTURE
The Express L128/L128T uses a multilevel menu structure containing both menu items and data fields. All menu operations and data display in the terminal menu window. The Express L128/L128T is shipped in the Factory Default configuration. Connect any VT 100 or VT 220 type terminal emulator to the maintenance port. The default rate is 9600 baud 8-N-1. The terminal emulator can flow the Express L128/L128T off using software flow control. Hardware flow control is not used.
The opening menu (the Main menu, or top-level menu) is the access point to all other operations. Each Main menu item has several functions and submenus to identify and access specific parameters. Figure 3-1 on page 28 shows the top-level terminal menu.
In order to edit items in the terminal menus, you must have the appropriate security level. Each menu description in this section indicates the required security level required for write access. The maintenance port is always at security level 0, giving full access to all configuration items.
The Main menu contains the following options.
Configuration
The Configuration menu provides options to set up the operational configuration for the Express L128/L128T. See the section Configuration Menu on page 34 for detailed information on the available options.
Dial
The Dial menu is used to connect to different sites based on the Connection
List. See the section Dial Menu on page 88 for more details.
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 27
Menu Path
Describes the current position in the terminal menu structure.
Right Pane
Lists available submenus. Additional submenus available through this pane are indicated by the [+] and [DATA] symbols.
Left Pane
Lists available menus.
Mode
Describes current operating mode.
Loop Status
Displays current status of ISDN line.
B-channel Status
Displays current status of each B channel.
Navigation Help
Displays list of characters you can use to navigate the terminal menus.
Press Control-Z.
System Time
Displays the current time. See Date/
Time on page 35 for details on setting the time.
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Status
The Status menu provides options to review and monitor the status of the Express L128/L128T system. See the section Status Menu on page 90 for detailed information on the available options.
Test
The Test menu can be used for performing diagnostic testing of the Express
L128/L128T. See the section Test Menu on page 98 for detailed information on the tests available.
Logs
The Logs menu can be used for viewing the operational logs for the Express
L128/L128T. See the section Logs Menu on page 99 for detailed information on the available options.
Utilities
The Utilities menu provides tools for system diagnostics and upgrading the
Express L128/L128T. See the section Utilities Menu on page 103 for detailed information on the available options.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
NAVIGATING THE TERMINAL MENUS
The following sections provide information on how to navigate through the terminal menus.
General Layout
When you first start a terminal mode session, the window shown in Figure 3-
1 on page 28 displays. The screen is divided into left and right panes. The left pane shows the current list of submenus, while the right pane shows the contents of a selected submenu.
Menu Path
The top line of the display shows this session’s current position (path) in the menu tree. Figure 3-1 shows the top menu level with the cursor on the Configuration submenu, so the path display shows Express L128T/Configuration.
Moving Around
Press Tab or the right arrow key to move the cursor from the left pane to the right pane. Press Tab or the left arrow key to move the cursor from the right pane back to the left pane. Use the up and down arrows to move around within each pane. Press Enter to activate a menu. Press the left arrow key or the Es- cape key to go back up the menu. The following options display throughout the menus.
Submenus [+] or [DATA]
Menus that display [+] or [DATA] indicate that more items are available when selected.
Activation Field <+>
Menus that display <+> indicate that an action is to be taken, such as activating a test.
Editable Data Field
A highlighted menu item indicates that you can enter data in that field.
Read-Only Field
An underlined field is a display field that contains read-only information.
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Navigation with the Keyboard
You can use different keystrokes to navigate through the terminal menu. Press
Control-Z to activate a pop-up screen with the available keystrokes. The following section provides a list of the available keystrokes and the results:
H
J
General Navigation
Returns to the home screen.
Jumps between two menu items. Press J while on a menu item of interest, and you will jump back to the main screen. Go to another menu item of interest, Press J, and you will jump back to the screen that was displayed the first time you pressed J. Press J anytime you want to jump between these items.
Arrow Keys Selects items and moves between the left and right panes. The left arrow key allows you to go back up the menu.
Enter
Escape
Activates an item or moves into submenu.
Cancels an edit. Allows you to go back up the menu.
Also will dismiss the pop-up help screens.
Tab
A
Z
Backspace
Moves between the left and right panes.
Moves to the top of a screen.
Moves to the bottom of a screen.
Ascends one menu level.
Control-L
Control-S
Control-R
Session Management
Logs out of the session.
Invalidates the password entry and returns to the login screen. The Password prompt will display.
Refreshes the screen. To save time, only the portion of the screen that has changed is refreshed. This option should be necessary only if the display picks up incorrect characters.
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 31
P
>
<
I
D
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
F
C
ConÞguration
Restores factory default settings. This setting restores the factory defaults based on the location of the cursor.
Entire submenus can be factory defaulted.
Copies selected items to the clipboard. The amount of information you can copy depends on the cursor location when you press C. For example, if the cursor is over an editable field, only that item is copied. If the cursor is over the index number of a list, then all of the items in the row of the list are copied. For example, if the cursor is over the Num field in the Connection List screen, all of the information associated with the Connection List entry is copied.
Pastes the item stored in the clipboard, if the information in compatible. You must confirm all pastes except those to a single editable field.
For certain types of fields, when you paste information into the field, the value increments by 1.
For certain types of fields, when you paste information into the field, the value decrements by 1.
Inserts a new item in a list. For example, add a new item to the Connection List by pressing I while the cursor is over the index number.
Deletes a list item. For example, delete an item from the
Connection List by pressing D while the index number is active.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Security Levels
Each menu item on the configuration screens has an associated security level.
The security level ranges from 0 (highest security level) to 5 (lowest security level). This level determines whether a Telnet session can access that menu item. The Telnet session is assigned a security level set by the user. Passwords can only be accessed as security level 0. The maintenance port is always at security level 0.
3
4
5
The security levels are assigned as follows:
Level
0
1
2
Access all parameters including passwords
Access all parameters except passwords
Access all parameters except passwords and authentication methods
Access all parameters except passwords, authentication methods, and ISDN parameters
Access only test and status menus
Access status menus only
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
CONFIGURATION MENU
Configuration/System Info
The System Info menu provides basic information about the unit and displays data fields for editing information. Figure 3-2 displays the submenus available under this menu item.
34
Figure 3-2
Configuration/System Info Screen
System Name
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Provides a user configurable text string for the name of the Express L128/
L128T. This name can help distinguish between different installations. You can enter up to 31 alpha-numeric characters in this field, including spaces and special characters (such as an under bar). The system name is also used for
PPP authentication and IPX service name.
System Location
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Provides a user configurable text string for the location of the Express L128/
L128T. This helps to keep track of the physical location of the unit. You can
Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure enter up to 31 alpha-numeric characters in this field, including spaces and special characters (such as an under bar).
System Contact
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Provides a user configurable text string for the contact name. This field can contain a name, phone number, or e-mail address of a person responsible for the Express L128/L128T. You can enter up to 31 alpha-numeric characters in this field, including spaces and special characters (such as an under bar).
Firmware Revision
Read security: 5
Displays the current firmware revision level of the Express L128/L128T. This field is a read-only field.
System Uptime
Read security: 5
Displays the length of time the Express L128/L128T has been running since power up or reset. This field is a read-only field.
Date/Time
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Displays the current date and time as programmed in the real time clock. This field can be edited. Enter the time in 24-hour format (such as 23:00:00 to represent 11:00 PM). Enter the date in mm-dd-yyyy format (for example, 09-30-
1997).
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Configuration/WAN
The WAN menu is used to set up the ISDN parameters for the Express L128/
L128T. Also, for the Express L128T, a POTS menu is provided. Figure 3-3 shows the WAN menu.
You can run the L128/L128T with Frame Relay if you obtain the appropriate firm-
ware. See Appendix F on page 149 for information.
36
Figure 3-3
Configuration/WAN Screen
WAN/ISDN
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
Selects the mode the ISDN line is in. If connecting to the public network, select
Dial (def). If connecting to a leased wire for back-to-back operation, select
Leased .
ISDN/Dial Line
Dial Line parameters are entered under this menu.
Dial Line/ExpertISDN
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The ExpertISDN option allows automatic determination of Service Profile
Identifier (SPID) 1 and SPID 2 with entry of the Local Directory Number(s)
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
(LDN(s)) and area code. Enter the 7-digit LDN in LDN 1 and LDN 2 (if a second number exists). The area code must be entered. The message Auto Spid
Success will appear in the Call Log to indicate success in determining the
SPID. See Appendix B on page 121 for additional messages and their definitions.
Dial Line/Switch Protocol
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
Find out what kind of ISDN switch protocol the local CO is using by asking the local telephone administrator or the telephone company representative.
The Express L128/L128T can be configured for the following:
LUCENT 5ESS (def) LUCENT 5ESS© Custom
DMS-100 Northern Telecom DMS-100™ Custom
National ISDN1
NEC
National ISDN-1 (could be a NorTel,
LUCENT,or Siemens EWSD)
Nippon Electric Company Switch
Dial Line/Area Code
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
Enter 3-digit area code when using ExpertISDN.
Dial Line/SPID 1
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The SPID is a sequence of digits used to identify ISDN terminal equipment to the ISDN switch. The SPID is assigned by the local phone company when the
ISDN line is installed and it usually looks similar to the phone number. Obtain
SPIDs from the telephone administrator or local telephone representative.
The number of SPIDs required (0, 1, or 2) depends on how your ISDN line is configured. For instance, a point-to-point line has no SPID. Multipoint lines may have one or two SPIDs. The Express L128/L128T uses the presence of
SPID 1 to determine if the line is multipoint. If the line has only one SPID, then it must be entered in SPID 1.
SPID 1 = 0 1 5 5 5 1 2 1 2 0
SPID 2 = 0 1 5 5 5 1 2 1 3 0
National ISDN1 switches require the addition of a two-digit terminal identifier (TID) at the end of the SPID.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Dial Line/LDN 1 or 2
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This option allows the entry of 0, 1, or 2 LDNs. The LDN is used when placing or receiving calls. The LDN is the local phone number assigned to the line.
LDN 1 = 5 5 5 1 2 1 2
LDN 2 = 5 5 5 1 2 1 3
Disconnect the network interface from the unit before initially entering or altering the
SPIDs and LDNs.
ISDN/Leased Line
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
Leased Line parameters are entered under this menu. Leased mode would be used for permanent circuits.
Leased Line/Clock Mode
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The clock mode determines which unit will supply the clock for synchronization. If the two units are connected through channel banks, both units should be configured for Slave mode.
Slave (def)
Master
Timing is derived from the master unit.
Timing is derived from this unit.
Leased Line/Channel Rate
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
64k
2x64k
128k (def)
144k
ISDN/NEBEs
Only B1 is used.
B1 and B2 go to different locations.
B1 and B2 are used together.
B1, B2 and D are used together.
Read security: 5
This contains the number of Near-End-Block-Errors (NEBEs) that have been detected by the Express L128/L128T’s ISDN circuitry. Continuous errors can indicate a line problem, but a burst at one time is normal.
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ISDN/FEBEs
Read security: 5
This contains the number of Far-End-Block-Errors (FEBEs) that have been detected by the ISDN circuitry on the other end of the link. Continuous errors can indicate a line problem, but a burst at one time is normal.
WAN/POTS
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
POTS parameters are under this menu. They appear only under the Express
L128T version.
POTS/POTS Assignment
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The Express L128T can assign the POTS interface either POTS1 to LDN 1 and
POTS2 to LDN 2 (def), or POTS2 to LDN 1 and POTS1 to LDN 2 . Once assigned, all incoming and outgoing calls on a particular port are placed to/from the assigned number.
POTS/NI-1 Conference FI
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
National ISDN Conference feature indication number is placed here. Most
COs use the default of 60.
POTS/NI-1 Transfer FI
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
National ISDN Transfer feature indication number is placed here. Most COs use the default of 61.
POTS/Speech Calltype Routing
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This allows the Express L128T to treat incoming calls as “data over speech” when selected as LAN. Otherwise, when set to POTS (def), incoming speech calls are sent to the POTS when the destination number is the same as the
POTS assignment.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Configuration/IP
The IP menu is used to set up the IP parameters for the Express L128/L128T.
Any general IP-related configuration item is under this menu. Figure 3-4 shows the IP menu.
40
Figure 3-4
Configuration/IP Screen
IP/IP Address
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The IP address assigned to the Express L128/L128T’s Ethernet port is set here.
This address must be unique within the network. Factory default is 10.0.0.1.
IP/Subnet Mask
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The IP network mask to be applied to the Express L128/L128T’s Ethernet port is set here. Factory default is 255.255.255.0.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
IP/Default Gateway
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The default gateway is used by the Express L128/L128T for sending IP packets whose destination address is not found in the route table. If this address is all zeros, then the first WAN connection becomes the default gateway. If the address entered is not on the Ethernet segment, then an “idle route” entry is added to the route table.
IP/Static Routes
Static Routes can be inserted under this menu.
Static Routes/Active
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
Adds this static route entry to the IP routing table when set to Yes (def) and removes it (if it was previously added) if set to No.
Static Routes/IP Address
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
This is the IP address of the host or network address of the network.
Static Routes/Subnet Mask
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
This mask determines the bits in the previous IP address that are used. If this is to be a host route, it must be set to all ones (255.255.255.255).
Static Routes/Gateway
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
This is the IP address of the router to receive the forwarded IP packet.
Static Routes/Hops
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
This is the number of router hops required to get to the network or host. Maximum distance is 15 hops.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Static Routes/Private
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
When set to No, the Express L128/L128T will advertise this static route using
RIP. Otherwise, setting to Yes means that the route is kept private.
IP/IP Router
The IP router is configured under this menu as follows.
IP Router/Mode
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this option is set to On (def), the Express L128/L128T will advertise and listen to routes from other IP routers. If Off, the route table is still used but only static routes are used for routing IP packets and only the Ethernet port is used. IP packets can be sent over the WAN, but only when bridged.
IP/RIP
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is supported by the Express L128/
L128T. The following parameters are required for setting up the mode on the
Ethernet port:
RIP/Mode
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This option turns RIP On (def) or Off.
RIP/Protocol
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Version can be V1 (def) or V2.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
RIP/Method
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Split Horizon - Only routes not learned on the Ethernet port are advertised.
Poison Reverse (def) - All routes are advertised, including routes learned from the Ethernet port. These routes are poisoned.
None - All routes are advertised, including routes learned from the Ethernet port. No attempt is made to poison these routes.
RIP/Direction
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Tx and Rx (def)- RIP advertisements are transmitted and listened to on the Ethernet port.
Tx only - RIP advertisements are transmitted and not listened to.
Rx only - RIP advertisements are listened to but not transmitted.
RIP/V2 Secret
Write security: 0; Read security: 0
This is a text string used for authenticating advertised routes.
IP/NAT
The Network Address Translation general parameters are set up under this menu.
NAT/DHCP Mode
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this option is set to On, the Express L128/L128T acts as a DHCP server and will dynamically assign IP, network mask, default gateway, and DNS addresses to any device which transmits a broadcast DHCP request. The addresses assigned are based on the Express L128/L128T’s own IP address and will be within the same network. This mode is most commonly used with the
NAT functionality. The default is Off.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
NAT/DHCP Renewal Time
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the number of hours that the DHCP server should allow the device before it is required to send a new DHCP request. The default is 15 hours, and 0 represents an infinite lease.
NAT/Web Server
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the IP address of a web server on the Ethernet network. When an active
NAT connection is made to the Internet, any HTTP, FTP, or Mail server requests from the WAN are translated and sent to this web server.
IP/DNS
The Domain Name Server parameters used by the Express L128/L128T are specified here. The DNS server addresses can be exchanged between PPP peers. When a connection occurs and IPCP is negotiated, the Express L128/
L128T will get the DNS server addresses from the PPP peer. If the configured
DNS server addresses (Server 1 and Server 2) are all zeros, the addresses from the PPP peer are used. In NAT mode, the PPP peer’s DNS addresses are always used. The DNS addresses set in Server 1 and Server 2 are offered to a PPP peer if so requested.
DNS/Domain Name
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is a text string used to represent the domain name used by the Express
L128/L128T.
DNS/Server 1
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the IP address for the primary DNS device. It is the first server that domain name requests are sent.
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DNS/Server 2
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the IP address for the secondary DNS device. It is used a back-up in case the primary address does not respond to the request.
IP/UDP Relay
The Express L128/L128T can be configured as a relay agent for UDP broadcast packets. Normally, a router will not forward UDP broadcast packets. However, many network applications use UDP broadcasts to configure addresses, host names, and other information. If hosts using these protocols are not on the same network segment as the servers providing the information, the client programs will not receive a response without enabling the UDP relay agent.
UDP Relay/Mode
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this option is set to On (def), the Express L128/L128T will act as a relay agent.
UDP Relay/UDP Relay List
Up to four relay destination servers can be specified in this list.
UDP Relay List/Relay Address
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the IP address of the server that will receive the relay packet.
UDP Relay List/UDP Port Type
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Standard (def) - The following standard UDP protocols are relayed when set: DHCP, TFTP, DNS, NTP (Network
Time Protocol, port 123). NBNS (NetBIOS Name Server, port 137),
NBDG (NetBIOS Datagram, port 138), and BootP.
Specified - When set, the UDP port (1 to 65535) can be specified in the UDP Port columns. (up to a maximum of three per server)
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
UDP Relay List/UDP Port 1, UDP Port 2, UDP Port 3
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
UDP Port 1, UDP Port 2, and UDP Port 3 are used for specifying UDP ports to be relayed. These fields only apply when UDP Port Type is set to Specified.
IP/Proxy ARP
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
This feature allows the network portion of a group of addresses to be shared between several physical network segments. The ARP protocol itself provides a way for devices to create a mapping between physical (i.e., Ethernet) addresses and logical IP addresses. Proxy ARP makes use of this mapping feature by instructing a router to answer ARP requests as a “proxy” for the IP addresses behind one of its ports. The device which sent the ARP request will then correctly assume that it can reach the requested IP address by sending packets to the physical address that was returned to it. This technique effectively hides the fact that a network has been (further) subnetted. If this option is set to Yes (def), when an ARP request is received on the Ethernet port the address is looked up in the IP routing table. If the forwarding port is not on the
Ethernet port and the route is not the default route, the Express L128/L128T will answer the request with its own hardware address. If set to No, the Express L128/L128T will only respond to ARP requests received for its own IP address.
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Configuration/IPX
The IPX menu is used to set up the IPX parameters for the Express L128/
L128T. Any general IPX-related configuration item can be found under this menu. Figure 3-5 shows the IPX menu.
Figure 3-5
Configuration/IPX Screen
IPX/Mode
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
When this option is set to On (def), the Express L128/L128T will route IPX.
Setting it to Off will disable all IPX functionality.
IPX/Network
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The IPX network address for the Ethernet port is set here. This is an eight-digit hexadecimal value that uniquely identifies the network segment of the Ethernet port. Accidental selection of an IPX network which is already in use on another network segment may cause hard-to-diagnose problems. IPX network numbers should be carefully tracked.
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IPX/Frame Type
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The Express L128/L128T supports all four defined IPX frame types. The possible frame types are: Ether Type II (def), Ether 802.3 (Raw), Ether 802.2, or
Ether SNAP (802.2 SNAP). Only one frame type can be used at one time.
IPX/Seed Status
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The seed status defines what the Express L128/L128T is to do with the network information on the selected frame type during startup. There are three possible seeding selections specified:
Seed - The Express L128/L128T will listen for an IPX network number being sent by another router (including Novell software routers residing on servers) on the Ethernet segment connected to this port and use this number if it exists. If it doesn’t discover a number in use, the Express L128/L128T will use the configured IPX network number for the Ethernet segment.
Non-Seed (def) - The Express L128/L128T will listen for an IPX network number being sent by another router (including Novell software routers residing on servers) on the Ethernet segment connected to this port and use this number if it exists. If it doesn’t discover a number in use, the Express L128/L128T will wait indefinitely until a number is sent by another router on the Ethernet segment.
Auto-Seed - The Express L128/L128T will listen for an IPX network number being sent by another router (including Novell software routers residing on servers) on the Ethernet segment connected to this port and use this number if it exists. If it doesn’t discover a number in use, the Express L128/L128T will auto-generate a valid number using its routing tables.
IPX/RIP Timer
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This value specifies how often the Express L128/L128T sends out IPX RIP packets on the network segment attached to the Ethernet port. The RIP packets sent contain routing information about the networks for which this Express
L128/L128T is responsible. The default value is 60 seconds.
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IPX/SAP Timer
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This value specifies how often the Express L128/L128T sends out IPX SAP
(Service Access Protocol) packets on the network segment attached to the
Ethernet port. The SAP packets sent contain information about the services
(such as servers, printers, etc.) for which this Express L128/L128T is responsible. The default value is 60 seconds.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Configuration/Bridge
The Bridge menu is used to set up the bridge parameters for the Express L128/
L128T. The bridging function runs at the Media Access Control (MAC) level which allows any protocol packets that run over Ethernet to be forwarded.
Bridging can run concurrently with the IP and IPX routing. However, certain rules apply for when packets are bridged across a WAN connection. When IP routing is active, IP packets (which include ARP packets) are not bridged.
When IPX routing is active, IPX packets are not bridged. Also, the WAN IP
Bridge and WAN IPX Bridge menus allow the WAN connection to bridge packets to the Express L128/L128T but get routed as soon as they arrive at the unit. Figure 3-6 shows the Bridge menu.
Figure 3-6
Configuration/Bridge Screen
Bridge/Mode
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
When this option is set to On (def), the Express L128/L128T bridge function will be enabled. Setting it to Off will disable all bridge functionality.
50
Bridge/WAN IP Bridge
When IP routing is active, the Express L128/L128T will allow another WAN device to bridge IP packets to it using PPP BCP. Normally, two IP routers
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Ethernet port connected only to a WAN device which has negotiated PPP BCP.
This menu allows the IP parameters for this virtual Ethernet to be set up.
WAN IP Bridge/Network
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is the IP address of the virtual Ethernet port.
WAN IP Bridge/Netmask
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is the network mask to be applied to the virtual Ethernet port.
WAN IP Bridge/Triggered
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
When set to Yes, only IP RIP updates are sent when the routing table has changed. When set to No (def), updates are sent periodically. RIP version, method, and direction are determined by the Ethernet parameters set in the
Configuration/IP/IP Router/RIP menu.
WAN IP Bridge/Proxy ARP
If this option is set to Yes (def), the Express L128/L128T will proxy ARP on the bridge IP port. See the section IP/Proxy ARP on page 46 for an explanation of the proxy ARP function.
Bridge/WAN IPX Bridge
When IPX routing is active, the Express L128/L128T will allow another WAN device to bridge IPX packets to it using PPP BCP. Normally, two IPX routers would negotiate PPP IPXCP to exchange IPX packets. However, if a device can only support PPP BCP, IPX packets are encapsulated by the device as bridge packets. The Express L128/L128T can treat the WAN IPX Bridge as a virtual Ethernet port connected only to a WAN device which has negotiated
PPP BCP. This menu allows the IPX parameters for this virtual Ethernet to be setup.
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WAN IPX Bridge/Network
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is the network address of the virtual Ethernet port. See IPX/Network on page 47 for an explanation of the IPX network number.
WAN IPX Bridge/Frame Type
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is the frame type used for the virtual Ethernet port. See IPX/Frame Type on page 48 for an explanation of the IPX frame type.
WAN IPX Bridge/Seed Status
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is the seed status used for the virtual Ethernet port. See IPX/Seed Status on page 48 menu for an explanation of the IPX seed status.
WAN IPX Bridge/Triggered
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
When set to Yes, only IPX RIP and SAP updates are sent when the routing or service table has changed. When set to No (def), updates are sent at the same rate set for the Ethernet port (see IPX/RIP Timer on page 48 and IPX/SAP Timer on page 49).
Bridge/Spanning Tree
The Spanning Tree Algorithm and Protocol ensures a loop-free topology and provides redundancy. The protocol parameters can be specifically tuned from their defaults, though most applications require no adjustment.
Spanning Tree/Mode
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
When the mode is set to On, the Express L128/L128T will participate in the
Spanning Tree Protocol between other bridges. When Off (def), all bridge ports remain permanently open for forwarding.
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Spanning Tree/Priority
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This assigns a priority to the Express L128/L128T that permits the relative priority of multiple bridges to be managed. The range is 0 to 65535 with a default of 32768.
Spanning Tree/Maximum Age
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is the timeout value used by the Express L128/L128T to test against the root device. The value is in one-tenth seconds with a range between 60 (6.0 seconds) and 400 (40.0 seconds). The default is 200 (20.0 seconds).
Spanning Tree/Hello Time
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is the time between the generation of configuration BPDUs (Bridging Protocol Data Units) by the root bridge. The value is in one-tenth seconds with a range between 10 (1.0 second) and 100 (10.0 seconds). The default is 20 (2.0 seconds).
Spanning Tree/Forward Delay
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is the time spent in the listening and learning state while moving from the blocking state to the forwarding state. The value is in one-tenth seconds with a range between 40 (4.0 seconds) and 300 (30.0 seconds). The default is 150
(15.0 seconds).
Spanning Tree/LAN Port
The path cost and priority parameters for the Ethernet port are specified under this menu.
LAN Port/Active
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The Ethernet port can be disabled when set to No. In this mode, no bridge traffic will be forwarded in or out. Setting to Yes (def) allows the port to participate in the spanning tree topology.
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LAN Port/Path Cost
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is the cost of using the Ethernet port in the total cost of the path. The range is from 1 to 65535 with a default of 100 (for 10 Mbits/second).
LAN Port/Priority
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The priority adjusts the relative priority of the Ethernet port among the multiple bridge ports. The range is 0 to 255 with a default of 128.
Spanning Tree/WAN Port 0
The WAN port 0 is considered to be the first PPP BCP connection that occurs over the ISDN link. It can be a single B channel or two B channels running PPP
Multilink.
WAN Port 0/Active
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The WAN 0 port can be disabled when set to No. In this mode, no bridge traffic will be forwarded in or out. Setting to Yes (def) allows the port to participate in the spanning tree topology.
WAN Port 0/Path Cost
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is the cost of using the WAN port 0 in the total cost of the path. The range is from 1 to 65535 with a default of 15625 (for 64 kbits/second). Note that when running over two B channels using PPP Multilink, the range does not adjust itself. If it is known that the only WAN port will be WAN port 0 over two B-channels, then the path cost for this port should be changed to 7812 (128
Kbits/second).
WAN Port 0/Priority
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The priority adjusts the relative priority of the WAN port 0 among the multiple bridge ports. The range is 0 to 255 with a default of 128.
Spanning Tree/WAN Port 1
WAN port 1 is considered to be the second B channel PPP BCP connection made. This port is only used when the first B channel (WAN Port 0) is going to an entirely different bridge.
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WAN Port 1/Active
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This setup is exactly like WAN Port 0 above.
WAN Port 1/Path Cost
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This setup is exactly like WAN Port 0 above.
WAN Port 1/Priority
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This setup is exactly like WAN Port 0 above.
Bridge/Address Table
The Express L128/L128T automatically maintains a table of MAC addresses detected and associates those addresses with the LAN, WAN0, or WAN1 port from which they were received. This menu permits the user to adjust the parameters or rules for the table as addresses are learned.
Address Table/Aging
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the maximum time an idle MAC address remains in the table before being removed. The value is in minutes and can range from 0 (which means never age) to 65535. The default is 5.
Address Table/Forward Policy
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this parameter is set to Unknown (def), any bridge packet with a destination MAC address that is not in the bridge table is forwarded to all other ports. When set to Known, the packet with the unknown destination MAC address is dropped and is not forwarded.
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Configuration/Security
The Security menu is used to set up the authentication parameters needed to authenticate PPP connection over the ISDN B-channels. Also, the filter defines are placed under this menu. Figure 3-7 shows the Security menu.
56
Figure 3-7
Configuration/Security Screen
Security/Authentication
Write security: 1; Read security: 2
The method used for authenticating the PPP peer is selected here. The possible values are:
None (def) - No attempt is made to authenticate the PPP peer.
Radius - The Express L128/L128T will act as a RADIUS client and authenticate the PPP peer using the RADIUS server. The Radius server parameters must be set up properly for this to work.
Connection List - The Connection List profile is used to authenticate the PPP peer.
See Configuration/Connection List on page 63 for more information on authenticating.
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Security/When
Write security: 1; Read security: 2
The Express L128/L128T can be configured to authenticate the PPP peer (using the above method) for incoming calls using Answer Only (def), or for outgoing and incoming calls using Originate and Answer.
Security/Radius Server
The parameters for the radius server are configured in this menu. The RADI-
US server can be used for authenticating a PPP peer (if defined under Security/
Authentication ) and for Telnet server sessions.
Radius Server/Primary Server
Write security: 1; Read security: 2
This is the IP address of the first RADIUS server that the Express L128/L128T should attempt to communicate with when authenticating a PPP peer.
Radius Server/Secondary Server
Write security: 1; Read security: 2
This is the IP address of the back-up RADIUS server that the Express L128/
L128T should attempt to communicate with when the primary server does not respond.
Radius Server/UDP Port
Write security: 1; Read security: 2
This is the UDP port that the Express L128/L128T should use when communicating with the RADIUS server. The default is 1645, which is the commonly used port.
Radius Server/Secret
Write security: 0; Read security: 1
The RADIUS server and Express L128/L128T share this text string, which is used by the RADIUS server to authenticate the Express L128/L128T that is the
RADIUS client. The factory default is to not use a secret.
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Radius Server/Retry Count
Write security: 1; Read security: 2
This is the number of times the Express L128/L128T should send a request packet to the RADIUS server without a response before giving up. If the number of attempts to communicate with the primary server is equal to the retry count, the secondary server (if defined) is tried. If the secondary server does not respond within the retry count, the PPP peer (or Telnet session) is not authenticated and is dropped. The default is 5.
Security/PPP
Write security: 1; Read security: 2
The PPP peer can be authenticated using three standard methods: PAP (Password Authentication Protocol), CHAP (Challenge Handshake Protocol) and
EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol). The strength of the authentication is determined in the order EAP, CHAP, followed by PAP, where EAP is the strongest and PAP is the weakest. PAP is a clear-text protocol, which means it is sent over the PPP link in a readable format. Care must be taken not to allow highly sensitive passwords to become compromised using this method.
CHAP and EAP use a one-way hashing algorithm which makes it virtually impossible to determine the password. EAP has other capabilities which allow more flexibility than CHAP.
The following selections are possible:
PAP, CHAP, or EAP (def) - The Express L128/L128T will ask for EAP during the first PPP LCP negotiation and allow the PPP peer to negotiate down to CHAP or PAP.
CHAP or EAP - The Express L128/L128T will ask for EAP during the first PPP LCP negotiation and allow the PPP peer to negotiate down to CHAP but not PAP.
EAP - The Express L128/L128T will only allow EAP to be negotiated.
If the PPP peer is not capable of doing EAP, then the connection will not succeed.
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Security/Filter Defines
The Express L128/L128T can filter packets based on certain parameters within the packet. The method used by the Express L128/L128T allows the highest flexibility for defining filters and assigning them to a Connection List profile.
The filters are set up in two steps: (1) defining the packet types, and (2) adding them to a list under the Connection List profile. See the section Connection List/
Filters on page 79 for examples of how to set up filter profiles. This menu is used to define the individual filter defines based on packet type.
Filter Defines /MAC Filter Defines
Write security: 2; Read security: 3
The MAC filter is applied to bridge packets only. Bridge packets which are forwarded by the bridge functionality of the Express L128/L128T are defined here. Up to 32 MAC defines can be specified.
Name
Src Addr
Src Mask
Dest Addr
Dest Mask
MAC Type
Type Msk
Identifies the filter entry
48-bit MAC source address used for comparison.
(hexadecimal format)
Bits in the MAC source address which are compared. (hexadecimal format)
48-bit MAC destination address used for comparison. (hexadecimal format)
Bits in the MAC destination address used for comparison. (hexadecimal format)
16-bit MAC type field used for comparison.
(hexadecimal format)
Bits in the MAC type field used for comparison.
(hexadecimal format)
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Filter Defines /Pattern Filter Defines
Write security: 2; Read security: 3
The pattern filter is applied to bridge packets only. That is any packet which is forwarded by the bridge functionality of the Express L128/L128T. Up to 32 pattern defines can be specified.
Name
Offset
Pattern
Mask
Identifies the filter entry
Offset from beginning of packet of where to start the pattern comparison
64 bits used for comparison.
(hexadecimal format)
Bits in the pattern to be compared.
(hexadecimal format)
Filter Defines /IP Filter Defines
Write security: 2; Read security: 3
The IP filter defines apply to any IP packet, whether it is routed or bridged. Up to 32 IP defines can be specified.
Name
IP Src
Src Mask
IP Dest
Identifies the filter entry
IP address compared to the source address.
(dotted decimal format)
Bits which are used in the source comparison.
(dotted decimal format)
IP address compared to the destination address.
(dotted decimal format)
Bits which are used in the destination Dest Mask
Src Port comparison. (dotted decimal format)
IP source port number used for comparison
Range: 0 to 65535. (decimal format)
Src Port Cmpr Type of comparison that is performed
Dst Port
= - means ports equal to not = - means port not equal to
> - means port greater than
< - means port less than
None - means the source port is not compared
IP destination port number used for comparison Range: 0 to 65535. (decimal format)
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Dst Port Cmpr Type of comparison that is performed
= - means ports equal to not = - means port not equal to
> - means port greater than
Proto
< - means port less than
None - means the destination port is not compared
Protocol used for comparison. Range: 0 to 255.
Proto Cmpr
TCP Est
(decimal format)
Type of comparison that is performed
= - means protocols equal to not = - means protocols not equal to
> - means protocols greater than
< - means protocols less than
None - means the protocol is not compared
Yes - only when TCP established
No - only when TCP not established
Ignore - ignore TCP flags
Filter Defines /IPX Filter Defines
Write security: 2; Read security: 3
The IPX filter defines apply to any IPX packet whether it is routed or bridged.
Also, any IPX encapsulation type will be accounted for. Up to 32 IPX defines can be specified.
Name
Src Net
Src Mask
Dest Net
Dest Mask
Dest Socket
Identifies the filter entry (15 characters max)
32-bit source network address
Bits in the source network address which are compared. (hexadecimal format)
32-bit destination network address
Bits in the destination network address which are compared. (hexadecimal format)
16-bit value which is the source socket. Src Socket
Range is 0-65535.
Src Socket Comp Type of comparison that is performed:
= - means socket equal to
Not = - means socket not equal to
> - means socket greater than
< - means socket less than
None - no comparison is done on source socket
16-bit value which is the destination socket. Range is 0-65535.
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Dest Socket Comp Type of comparison that is performed:
= - means socket equal to
Not = - means socket not equal to
> - means socket greater than
Type
Type Comp
< - means socket less than
None - no comparison is done on destination
socket
8-bit value which is the IPX type
Type of comparison that is performed:
= - means type equal to
Not = - means type not equal to
> - means type greater than
< - means type less than
None - no comparison is done on IPX type
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Configuration/Connection List
The Express L128/L128T uses the Connection List to specify the profile each user or group of users are to have when connected. Each profile or item in the
Connection List has many configurable parameters giving high flexibility on a per user basis.
Up to 15 profiles can be defined in the Connection List. Calls cannot be originated or answered unless a Connection List profile is defined. The Express
L128/L128T factory defaults with one profile called DEFAULT. This profile is used for any incoming calls when Configuration/Security/Authentication
= None or when the username of the connecting PPP peer is not found in the
Connection List.
To insert a new profile, press the I key when over the Num column. A new inserted profile will always be set up with the default parameters. To copy parameters from an old profile to this newly inserted profile, use the copy (C) and paste (P) keys. Entire configuration trees can be copied with this method.
Figure 3-8 shows the Connection List menu.
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Figure 3-8
Configuration/Connection List Screen
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Connection List/Description
Write security: 3; Read security: 4
The description is a text string that identifies the profile.
Connection List/Active
Write security: 3; Read security: 4
When set to Yes (def), this profile is used for authentication and user association of incoming calls. Setting to No is the same as deleting the item but allows the information of the profile to be saved.
To delete an unused profile, use the D key when the cursor is over the number in the
Num column. Once deleted, the profile is gone permanently as soon as the Connection
List is saved. Items may be deleted when DEL appears below the status bar.
Connection List/Authentication
The authentication menu contains the required parameters for the authentication of the PPP peer and for being authenticated by the PPP peer.
Authentication is applied between the Express L128/L128T and the PPP peer as follows:
1.
The Express L128/L128T as the authenticator:
• When answering an incoming call:
- Express L128/L128T uses PPP method configured in
Configuration/Security/PPP .
- Authenticatee’s username is looked up in all active
Connection List profiles (Rx Username).
- If found, the Rx Password is used for authenticating.
- If not found, DEFAULT entry’s Rx Password is used if
Rx Username is blank.
When answering a call, the Express L128/L128T does not know who the PPP peer is until the authentication phase is completed. Two PPP protocols (EAP and CHAP) require the authenticator to transmit a username which the authenticatee uses to cross reference the password to use. Since the PPP peer is unknown before the authentication phase is over, the Express L128/L128T uses the Tx Username in the DEFAULT profile to identify itself. If Tx Username is blank, Configuration/System Info/Sys- tem Name is used. If that is blank, then the word “ADTRAN” is used.
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• When originating an outgoing call:
- Express L128/L128T uses PPP method configured in
Configuration/Security/PPP .
- Authenticatee’s username is compared to profile used to dial.
• Authenticating with RADIUS:
- When Configuration/Security/Authentication is set to Radius, authentication is performed by the RADIUS server.
- The Express L128/L128T uses the DEFAULT Connection List profile for all other parameters not supported by RADIUS attributes.
- RADIUS attributes currently supported are: framed ip, framed netmask, framed ipx network, framed routing, framed compression, and idle timeout.
2.
The Express L128/L128T as the authenticatee:
• When answering an incoming call:
- If the Configuration/Security/Authentication parameter is set to None, the DEFAULT profile’s Tx Username and Tx Password are used by the Express L128/L128T for authenticating itself.
- If the Configuration/Security/Authentication parameter is set to Connection List or RADIUS, the Express L128/L128T will wait until the PPP peer is authenticated before authenticating itself
(except when CHAP or EAP is used). If CHAP or EAP is used, the username transmitted by the PPP peer’s authentication challenge packet is looked up in the Connection List. If found, the Express
L128/L128T responds with the profile’s Tx Username and Tx
Password parameters. If not found, the DEFAULT profile’s Tx
Username and Tx Password parameters are used.
• When originating an outgoing call:
- The dial-out profile Tx Username and Tx Password are used regardless of the PPP peer’s username received if CHAP or EAP is used.
Authentication/Tx Method
Write security: 2; Read security: 3
This parameter specifies how the Express L128/L128T is to be authenticated by the PPP peer. There are four possible selections. See Security/PPP on page 58 for an explanation of the three PPP standard authentication types.
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None (def) - The connection will not allow the PPP peer to authenticate it.
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PAP, CHAP or EAP - The connection can be authenticated using PAP, CHAP or EAP.
CHAP or EAP - The connection can be authenticated using CHAP or EAP only.
EAP - The connection will only allow authentication by the peer using EAP.
Authentication/Tx Username
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
This is the username that is used when being authenticated by the PPP peer.
Authentication/Tx Password
Write security: 0; Read security: 1
This is the password or secret that is used when being authenticated by the
PPP peer.
Authentication/Rx Username
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
This is the username that is used to match the user to the Connection List profile. During an incoming call, the Express L128/L128T will scan all active connection profiles and match the received PPP peer’s username. If the name is not found, then the DEFAULT profile is used, if and only if the DEFAULT profile has nothing in the Rx Username parameter. During an outgoing call, this username does not have to match the username reported by the PPP peer.
Authentication/Rx Password
Write security: 0; Read security: 1
This is the password or secret that is used to authenticate the PPP peer. This is only necessary when Configuration/Security/Authentication = Connec- tion List .
Authentication/Caller ID
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
Incoming calls can be verified using the ISDN supplied caller identifier when this is set to Yes. When set to No (def), the caller identifier is not checked.
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Authentication/Call ID 1
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
The caller identification from the ISDN incoming call is compared to this number, starting from the right digits.
Authentication/Call ID 2
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
The caller identification from the ISDN incoming call is compared to this number, starting from the right digits.
Connection List/IP
The IP menu contains the parameters for exchanging IP data with the PPP peer. Static routes can also be created from here for IP dial-on-demand applications.
IP/Mode
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Setting to On (def) will permit this connection profile to negotiate PPP IPCP with the PPP peer for exchanging of IP packets.
IP/NAT
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The Express L128/L128T can perform Network Address Translation. This feature is most widely used when connecting to the Internet. The Ethernet network can consist of private network numbers. When this profile is connected, all IP addresses on the Ethernet side are translated into the one real IP address negotiated with the PPP peer (ISP). Multiple stations on the Ethernet side can access the Internet simultaneously. See the section IP/NAT on page 43 for more global options. Setting this option to On will cause the Express L128/
L128T to perform NAT. In the Off (def) position, the unit will route across the connection normally.
IP/Route
The IP parameters are configured in this menu. Adjusting these parameters is only necessary for certain dial-on-demand applications. Usually the Express L128/
L128T will automatically discover the PPP peer’s networks using PPP IPCP and/or RIP.
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Route/IP/Net
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The PPP peer’s IP address or network can be set here, if known. Leaving this at 0.0.0.0 means that the Express L128/L128T will determine the PPP peer’s IP and network using the PPP IPCP.
Route/Netmask
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This network mask is applied to the IP/NET address for determining the PPP peer’s network. If left as 0.0.0.0, a standard network mask is used.
Route/Static Route
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to Yes (def), the Express L128/L128T will add the network defined above as an idle route in the IP routing table. When an IP packet is routed to this idle route, the Express L128/L128T will dial using this profile. When set to No, an idle route is not placed in the table. This is necessary for dial-on-demand applications and if the probe feature is not used.
Route/Private
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to Yes, the Express L128/L128T will not advertise this static route entry. A setting of No (def) means any static route added for this profile is advertised using RIP.
Route/Hops
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This value is the metric or number of hops that RIP will use in advertising the static route. The range is 1 to 16 where 1 is the default. The value 16 is considered an infinite distance in RIP and is, in effect, poisoning the route.
Route/Force IP
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to Yes, the Express L128/L128T will force the PPP peer to use the IP address in the IP/Net for this profile as its WAN IP address. Normally this is set in the No (def) position.
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IP/RIP
The RIP parameters can be adjusted from their defaults under this menu. The
RIP parameters for all WAN connections are set on a per-session basis.
RIP/Mode
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The Express L128/L128T will perform RIP over the WAN connection when this is set to On (def).
RIP/Protocol
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The Express L128/L128T can perform version 1, V1 (def), or version 2, V2, of
RIP on this WAN connection.
RIP/Method
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Split Horizon - Only routes not learned on the WAN connection are advertised.
Poison Reverse (def) - All routes are advertised, including routes learned from the WAN connection. These routes are poisoned.
None - All routes are advertised, including routes learned from the WAN connection. No attempt is made to poison these routes.
RIP/Direction
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Tx and Rx (def)- RIP advertisements are transmitted and listened to on the WAN connection.
Tx only - RIP advertisements are transmitted and not listened to.
Rx only - RIP advertisements are listened to but not transmitted.
RIP/Triggered
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to Yes, only IP RIP updates are sent when the routing table has changed and learned routes are not “aged.” When set to No (def), updates are sent periodically.
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RIP/Retain
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this Connection List entry is disconnected and this parameter is set to
Yes , all routes learned from this WAN connection are retained and their routing interface is set to idle. This permits dial-on-demand to occur using this profile for any IP network that might have been advertised by the particular
PPP peer. The idle routes can be flushed or “zombied” from the routing table if a manual hangup is performed when this WAN connection is not active. See
Dial/Hang Up on page 89. When this Connection List entry is disconnected and this parameter is set to No (def), routes learned from this session are “zombied” and are not retained.
Connection List/IPX
The IPX menu contains the parameters for exchanging IPX data with the PPP peer.
IPX/Mode
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Setting to On (def) will permit this connection profile to negotiate PPP IPXCP with the PPP peer for exchanging of IPX packets.
IPX/Remote Network
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
A non-zero value in this remote network number will allow the Express L128/
L128T to add a route to the PPP peer’s network to the routing table.
The Express L128/L128T normally will treat the WAN network as an unnumbered link. This is usually referred to as being a “half-router.” However, a
PPP peer which wants to assign a network address to the WAN link can do so, in which case the Express L128/L128T will go into “full-router” mode.
IPX/Triggered
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to Yes, only IPX RIP and SAP updates are sent when the routing or service table has changed and learned routes are not “aged.” When set to No
(def), updates are sent periodically based on the RIP and SAP timers set in
Configuration/IPX/RIP Timer and Configuration/IPX/SAP Timer.
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IPX/Retain
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this Connection List entry is disconnected and this parameter is set to
Yes , all routes learned from this WAN connection are retained and their routing interface is set to idle. This permits dial-on-demand to occur using this profile for any IPX network or service that might have been advertised by the particular PPP peer. The idle routes can be flushed or “zombied” from the routing table if a manual hangup is performed when this WAN connection is not active. See Dial /Hang up. When this Connection List entry is disconnected and this parameter is set to No (def), IPX routes and services learned from this session are “zombied” and are not retained.
IPX/Type 20 Packets
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
In order for certain protocol implementations, like NetBIOS, to function in the
NetWare environment, routes must allow a broadcast packet to be propagated throughout the IPX networks. The Type 20 IPX packet is used specifically for this purpose. This causes special handling of this packet by the Express L128/
L128T. When a router receives this type of packet, it rebroadcasts it across all interfaces except the one it is received on and includes the network number of that interface in the data portion of the packet. The IPX Router Specification from Novell notes that Type 20 packets should not be propagated across slower links with bandwidths of less than 1Mbps (like ISDN). However, when set to Pass (def), the Express L128/L128T will allow these packets to propagate over the WAN connection. This facilitates dial-on-demand applications.
When set to Block, all Type 20 packets are not propagated across the WAN connection.
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Connection List/Bridge
The Bridge menu contains the parameters needed for exchanging bridged packets with the PPP peer.
Bridge/Mode
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to On (def), the Express L128/L128T will attempt to negotiate PPP
BCP with the PPP peer. Bridging can be used even in route mode only if the
PPP peer cannot support certain PPP protocols for that particular routing protocol. See Bridge/WAN IP Bridge on page 50 and Bridge/WAN IPX Bridge on page 51 for further details.
Connection List/Probe
The Probe feature on the Express L128/L128T is mainly used for allowing a network to have multiple virtual network connections to many destinations using the single ISDN link. The Express L128/L128T can periodically obtain routing information from various locations and retain this in the routing tables, thereby permitting the LAN connection to be aware of the networks at this location. Probe helps keep route tables updated. When a service or network connection is required, the Express L128/L128T can demand dial that location. This can be beneficial for remote IPX workstations that cannot boot up properly without knowing the IPX services that would be in the Express L128/
L128T’s SAP table.
Probe/Active
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to Yes, the Express L128/L128T will periodically dial this profiles dial-out number to get routing and service table updates. The default is No.
Probe/Interval
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the time the Express L128/L128T waits between probes. The value is in minutes and ranges from 1 to 240. The default is 15 minutes.
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Probe/Update Window
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the time the Express L128/L128T stays connected during a probe. Normally route and service tables are exchanged immediately after connection.
However, some routers could wait until their regular RIP or SAP time period has been reached before they advertise their routes or services to the Express
L128/L128T. The value is in seconds and ranges from 5 to 180. The default is
5 seconds and assumes that a routing update is received upon connection.
Connection List/PPP
The Express L128/L128T supports the IETF standards for the Point-to-Point
Protocol. The PPP state machine running in the Express L128/L128T can be fine-tuned to support many applications that can be employed. The configurable items under this menu can be changed from their default values for special cases.
PPP/Multilink
Multilink PPP allows the two B-channels to be used together for increased bandwidth.
Multilink/Mode
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this item is set to On (def), Multilink PPP is negotiated with the PPP peer. When Off, the Express L128/L128T will only allow one B-channel for this connection.
Multilink/Fragment
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this item is set to Yes (def), the Express L128/L128T will split outgoing packets greater than 128 bytes into two Multilink fragments and simultaneously transmit them one per B-channel. The receiving PPP peer will then reassemble them. This decreases the transport delay. However, some legacy equipment might have trouble handling fragmented packets, in which case this option should be set to No.
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Multilink/BACP
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol (BACP) and Bandwidth Allocation Protocol (BAP) are used to enhance Multilink PPP. Together, they allow phone numbers to be exchanged when more bandwidth is needed and member links to be dropped when bandwidth is to be decreased. When this item is set to On, BACP is negotiated with the PPP peer. When Off, the Express
L128/L128T will not run BACP/BAP but dynamic bandwidth can still be operated.
Certain rules for bandwidth-on-demand apply, depending on whether BACP is negotiated. If BACP is not negotiated, the originator of the call will perform the dynamic bandwidth adjustments on its own. If BACP is negotiated, the decisions are made on either side but the call is always from the originator.
PPP/Compression
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The Express L128/L128T uses LZS ® technology from hi/fn
TM
(formerly known as STAC) for data compression. The Ascend Communications version of this compression is also supported. The Express L128/L128T will automatically select the type of compression. Compression is negotiated when this item is set to STAC (def). No compression will be attempted when set to None.
PPP/VJ Compression
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this item is set to On, the Express L128/L128T will perform TCP/IP header compression known as Van Jacobson compression to the PPP peer.
Normally, this is not necessary over ISDN connections and can be set to Off
(def) to disable it.
PPP/Max Config
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This value is the number of unanswered configuration-requests that should be transmitted before giving up on a call. The possible values are 5, 10 (def), 15 and 20.
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PPP/Max Timer
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This value is the number of seconds to wait between unanswered configuration-requests. The possible values are 1 sec, 2 secs (def), 3 secs, 5 secs and 10 secs.
PPP/Max Failure
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Due to the nature of PPP, configuration options may not be agreed upon between two PPP peers. This value is the number of configuration-naks that should occur before an option is configuration-rejected. This allows a connection to succeed that might otherwise fail. The possible values are 5 (def), 10, 15 and 20.
Connection List/Dial Out
The dialing parameters for establishing this connection are defined under this menu.
Dial Out/Number 1
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the first number used for dialing up this connection.
Dial Out/Number 2
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the second number used for dialing a second B-channel when adding bandwidth. If BACP/BAP is negotiated, this number is not necessary. If this number is not specified and BACP/BAP is not used, the Number 1 number is re-dialed when adding bandwidth.
Dial Out/Call Type
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The call type can be configured in four different ways:
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Speech - Speech directs the call control software to request a
Mu-law encoded speech circuit as the bearer capability for the outgoing calls. The speech option is used with an ISDN line
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Audio - Audio directs the call control software to request a
3.1 kHz audio circuit as the bearer capability for the outgoing calls. The audio option is used with an ISDN line configured for voice service. In some areas, audio service costs less than data services. An audio call type does guarantee a digital end-to-end digital connection.
56K - 56K directs the call control software to request a 64 kbps data circuit that is rate-adapted to 56 kbps. Data 56 kbps is intended for use in circumstances where interoperability with
Switched 56 service is desired.
64K (def) - The default call type for ISDN service is Data 64 kbps.
This directs the call control software to request an unrestricted
64 kbps circuit.
Dial Out/Redial at 56K
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Selecting Yes (def) causes the Express L128/L128T to re-dial a call at the 56K call type if a 64K call type was unsuccessful. This will not occur if set to No or if the original call type was other than 64K.
Dial Out/Delay
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the number of seconds between unsuccessful call attempts made during dial-on-demand or during dynamic bandwidth. The range is between 0 and 255, with a default of 15 seconds.
Dial Out/Connection Timeout
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the amount of time the Express L128/L128T waits for a call to be answered before giving up the attempt. Possible values are 15 secs (def), 30 secs,
1 min, 2 mins and 4 mins.
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Dial Out/Attempts
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This value is the number of attempts the Express L128/L128T will make before giving up on the connection. This is effective for manual dialing or dynamic bandwidth calls only. The range is from 1 (def) to 255.
Dial Out/Initial Channels
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the number of B-channels to dial-up on the initial connection. Possible choices are 1 (def) and 2.
Connection List/Bandwidth
The bandwidth parameters that govern this connection are set here.
Bandwidth/On Demand
The parameters under this menu control the data rates required to change bandwidth.
Bandwidth/Mode
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this option is set to On, the Express L128/L128T will apply its bandwidth-on-demand features for this Connection List profile. If set to Off, none are performed.
Bandwidth/Idle Timeout
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the number of seconds the ISDN line must be idle before hanging up this connection. A value of 0 (def) means the Express L128/L128T will never drop the link based on the idle timer. The range is 0 to 255.
Bandwidth/Preempt Time
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Occasionally an application will require to connect to a different location before the current connection’s idle timer has timed out. This causes the application to have to wait for idle timer before it can use the B-channel. This preempt time allows the Connection List that is active to be dropped sooner than the normal idle time. The value ranges from 0 to 255 and is in seconds.
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When bandwidth is needed for another application, the idle timer is compared to this preempt time. If the idle timer is greater, the connection is preempted.
If set to 255 (def), the connection is never preempted. If set to 0, the connection is disconnected immediately when another application is requested.
Bandwidth/Upper Threshold
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the percentage of bandwidth that must be at least present on one Bchannel before a second B-channel is added. The range is 0 to 100 and is in percentages. The default is 80%, which is equivalent to 51.2 kbps. See the section
Bandwidth/Samples (below) for more information on how the bandwidth rate is calculated.
Bandwidth/Lower Threshold
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the percentage of maximum bandwidth the bit rate must go below on two B-channels before one is dropped. The range is 0 to 100 and is in percentages. The default is 30%, which is equivalent to 38.4 kbps. See the section
Bandwidth/Samples (below) for more information on how the bandwidth rate is calculated.
Bandwidth/Min Channels
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This represents the minimum number of B-channels that must be up for this
Connection List profile. This value ranges from 0 to 2. The default is 0.
Bandwidth/Max Channels
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This represents the maximum number of B-channels this Connection List profile can have. The allowed values are 1 and 2. The default is 2. A value of 1 means that no extra bandwidth can be obtained for this connection.
Bandwidth/Samples
The parameters under this menu control the rate at which the Express L128/
L128T samples the bandwidth on the B-channel(s).
Samples/Sample Rate
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the time between samples used for calculating data rates on the ISDN call. The value is in seconds and ranges from 1 to 255. The default is 5 seconds.
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Samples/Samples
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the number of WAN data rate samples taken before a decision to change bandwidth is performed. The range is 1 (def) to 255 samples.
Samples/Time Between Changes
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This value is the minimum time between bandwidth changes for this Connection List profile. The range is 0 to 255 seconds. The default is 60 seconds.
Connection List/Filters
The Express L128/L128T can block packets in and out of a WAN port by use of the filters. These filters are set up on a per-Connection List profile basis.
They are set up in two steps: 1) define the types of packets that would be of interest in the Configuration/Security/Filter Defines menu, and 2) set up the filter type and combination of defines that will cause a packet block.
Filters/WAN-to-LAN (In)
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The packets which come into the Express L128/L128T can be filtered in three ways:
Disabled (def) - Turns off packet input filtering. No incoming packets are blocked.
Block All - All incoming packets from the WAN are blocked except as defined in the Filters/In Exceptions list.
Forward All - All incoming packets from the WAN are not blocked except as defined in the Filters/In Exceptions list.
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Filters/In Exceptions
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is a list of up to 32 filter entries which can be combined using the operations field. The operations are performed in the order they appear on the list.
Active - Turns this entry active when set to On.
Type - Selects the filter define list to reference:
MAC from the Configuration/Security/Filter
Defines/MAC Filter Defines list.
Pattern
IP
IPX the
Defines/Pattern Filter Defines list.
the
Defines/IP Filter Defines list.
the
Defines/IPX Filter Defines list.
Filter List Name - Selects between filters defined in the list.
Next Oper - The next operation to use to combine with the next filter in the list:
END
AND
OR
the last filter to combination.
logically AND this filter with the next filter in the list.
logically OR this filter with the next filter in the list.
Filters/LAN-to-WAN (Out)
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The packets which come out toward the WAN from the Express L128/L128T can be filtered in three ways:
Disabled (def) - Turns off packet output filtering. No outgoing packets are blocked.
Block All - All outgoing packets to the WAN are blocked except as defined in the Filters/Out Exceptions list.
Forward All - All outgoing packets to the WAN are not blocked except as defined in the Filters/Out Exceptions list.
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Filters/Out Exceptions
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is a list of up to 32 filter entries. The setup is exactly the same as the Filter/
In Exceptions list.
Filters/Demand Dial
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The demand dial filters have two purposes: 1) cause the Express L128/L128T in Bridge mode to dial this Connection List profile, and 2) determine which traffic will cause the idle timer to be reset, keeping the connection active. The latter is used in Bridge or IP/IPX Router mode. The idle timer is a timer in the
Express L128/L128T which continually increments until it reaches the idle time-out parameters value set in the Connection List, at which point the connection is hung-up.
When this filter is enabled, direct control can be placed over which packets are considered as demand and which are ignored. Packets that are ignored cause a connection not to be dialed and do not reset the idle timer of an active connection. This is especially helpful for bridged connections since bridges cannot easily distinguish true demand traffic from overhead traffic like certain broadcast and multicast packets. There are three possible selections for this parameter:
Disabled (def) - Turns off demand dial filtering. No packets cause demand dialing for this profile and all outgoing and incoming packets reset the idle timer.
Ignore All - When connected in any mode (Bridge, IP Router, or
IPX router), the idle timer is reset only when there is a match in the Filters/Dem Dial Exceptions list. When not connected in
Bridge mode only, causes the Express L128/L128T to dial using this
Connection List profile if there is a match in the Filters/Dem Dial
Exceptions .
Demand All - When connected in any mode (Bridge, IP Router, or
IPX router), the idle timer is always reset except when there is a match in the Filters/Dem Dial Exceptions list. When not connected in Bridge mode only, causes the Express L128/L128T to dial using this Connection List profile if there is NOT a match in the Filters/Dem Dial Exceptions list.
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Filters/Dem Dial Exceptions
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is a list of up to 32 filter entries. The setup is exactly the same as the Filter/
In Exceptions list.
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Configuration/Management
The Express L128/L128T can be managed using Telnet, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), or the maintenance port. SNMP support is limited to MIB definitions. See Appendix C on page 139 for a description of the MIBs supported by the Express L128/L128T. Each of the three methods can be protected using authentication. Figure 3-9 shows the Configuration/Management menu.
Figure 3-9
Configuration/Management Screen
Management/Telnet
Any telnet client application can bring up a session to the Express L128/
L128T’s Telnet server using the standard telnet TCP port. Only one session is supported at a time. All sessions require a user name and password.
Telnet/Server Access
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This option must be set to On (def) to access the Express L128/L128T via Telnet. Turning it Off means that access is denied.
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Telnet/User List
Up to four users can be configured for access to the Express L128/L128T. Each user can be assigned a privilege and time out.
User List/Name
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
A text string of the user name for this session.
User List/Authen Method
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
The user can be authenticated in two ways:
Password - The Password field is used to authenticate the user.
Radius - The Radius client is used for authenticating the user.
User List/Password
Write security: 0; Read security: 3
When the authenticating method is password, this text string is used for the password.
User List/Idle Time
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
When set to non-zero, the session is automatically logged out when no activity occurs for this amount of time. The range is 0 to 255 and is in minutes. The default is 10 minutes, and a setting of 0 will never time out the session. When a timeout occurs during an edit session, all changes are saved.
User List/Level
Write security: 0; Read security: 1
This is the security level privilege that is assigned for this user. See Security
Levels on page 33 for an explanation of what those levels imply. Level 0 is the default.
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Management/SNMP
The Express L128/L128T is an SNMP agent. It can respond to Get-Requests and generate traps. These two lists set up the manager, communities, and levels. See Appendix C on page 139 for more information on SNMP.
SNMP Access
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to No, SNMP access is denied. When set to On (def), the Express
L128/L128T will respond to SNMP managers based on the following lists.
SNMP/Communities
This list is used to set up to eight SNMP communities names that the Express
L128/L128T will allow. Factory default sets the community “public” with
“Get” privileges.
Communities/Name
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
This is a text string for the community name.
Communities/Privilege
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
The access for this manager can be assigned three levels.
None - No access is allowed for this community or manager.
Get - Manager can only read items.
Get/Set - Manager can read and set items.
Communities/Manager IP
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
This is the IP address of SNMP manager. If set to 0.0.0.0, any SNMP manager can access the Express L128/L128T for this community.
SNMP/Traps
The Express L128/L128T can generate SNMP traps. See Appendix C on page 139 for trap types supported. This list allows up to four managers to be listed to receive traps.
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Traps/Manager Name
Write security: 2; Read security: 4
This is the text string describing the name of the entry. It is intended for easy reference and has no bearing on the SNMP trap function.
Traps/Manager IP
Write security: 2; Read security: 4
This is the IP address of the manager that is to receive the traps.
Management/Maint Port
The Express L128/L128T has an EIA-232 connector on the back of the unit.
The setup for that port is under this menu.
Maint Port/Password Protect
Write security: 0; Read security: 1
When set to No, the maintenance port is not password protected. When On
(def), the Express L128/L128T will prompt for a password upon startup.
Maint Port/Password
Write security: 0; Read security: 1
This is the text string that is used for comparison when password protecting the maintenance port. By default, no password is entered.
The security level for the maintenance port is always set to 0. This gives full access to all menus.
Maint Port/Baud Rate
Write security: 5; Read security: 5
This is the asynchronous rate that the maintenance port will run. The possible values are 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 (def), 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200.
Maint Port/Data Bits
Write security: 5; Read security: 5
This is the asynchronous bit rate that the maintenance port will run. The possible values are 7 or 8 (def) bits.
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Maint Port/Parity
Write security: 5; Read security: 5
This is the asynchronous parity that the maintenance port will run. The possible values are None (def), Odd, or Even.
Maint Port/Stop Bits
Write security:5; Read security:5
This is the stop bit used for the maintenance port. The possible values are 1
(def), 1.5 or 2.
Configuration/Terminal Mode
This is an activator which places the Express L128/L128T terminal session into a command prompt mode. All menu options are accessible during this mode.
See Appendix E on page 145 for the command structure and command list.
Type exit to leave the terminal mode and return to the menus.
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DIAL MENU
The Dial menu is used for dialing the Connection List profile setup under Con- figuration/Connection List and for checking the status of each Connection
List. This list is in the same order as the Connection List entries. Figure 3-10 shows the Dial menu.
Figure 3-10
Dial Screen
Dial/Description
Read security: 5
This read-only field is the name entered for the profile under Configuration/
Connection List/Description .
Dial/Dial
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
This is an activator used for dialing the phone numbers in the profile. Place the cursor over the field and press Enter to activate the dialing function.
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Dial/Hang Up
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
This is an activator used for hanging up a Connection List entry. It also removes retained routes from the IP and IPX routing tables when the call is not connected. Place the cursor over the field and press Enter to activate the hang up function.
Dial/Status
Read security: 5
This reflects the current status of the call:
No call - No call is active for this Connection List profile.
Connecting - Outgoing call is being placed for this profile.
Ringing - Incoming call is being answered with this profile.
PPP negotiating - Call is connected and is bringing up PPP.
Active - A session with this profile is active.
Dial/Channels
Read security: 5
This is the number of B-channels being used for this call.
Dial/Number 1
Read security: 5
This read-only field is the number entered for the profile under Configura- tion/Connection List/Dial Out/Number 1 .
Dial/Number 2
Read security: 5
This read-only field is the number entered for the profile under Configura- tion/Connection List/Dial Out/Number 2 .
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STATUS MENU
The Express L128/L128T’s Status menu contains comprehensive status and diagnostic information used in verifying configuration and identifying problems. The menus are divided into protocol types and sessions. Figure 3-11 shows the Status menu.
Figure 3-11
Status Screen
Status/Call Sessions
This menu contains the current status of all dial-in sessions and spanning tree ports.
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Call Sessions/Session1 and Call Sessions/Session2
Read security: 5
The Express L128/L128T can support up to two active connections at one time.
These two menus reflect the results of PPP negotiations, user name, time connected, idle timer, and data rates for the session.
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PPP Links - Reflects LCP layers active
BCP - Shows UP if PPP Bridge Control Protocol has negotiated successfully
IPCP - Shows UP if PPP IP Control Protocol has negotiated successfully
IPXCP - Shows UP if PPP IPX Control Protocol has negotiated successfully
CCP - Shows UP if PPP Compression Control Protocol has negotiated successfully
BACP - Shows UP if PPP Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol has negotiated successfully
User - Displays the user name of the PPP peer
Number(s) - Shows the phone number dialed if outgoing call or caller
ID if incoming call
Connect Time - Shows the date and time when the call last connected
Up Time - Displays how long the call has been connected
Idle Timer - Current value of the idle timer (number of seconds since filtered packet was passed through)
Tx Pkts - Number of packets transmitted
Rx Pkts - Number of packets received
Tx Bytes - Number of bytes transmitted
Rx Bytes - Number of bytes received
Tx Rate - Current application data transmission rate
Rx Rate - Current application data reception rate
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Tx Link Rate - Current actual data transmission rate
Rx Link Rate - Current actual data reception rate
Tx Comp Ratio - Current transmission compression ratio
Rx Comp Ratio - Current reception compression ratio
Call Sessions/Spanning Tree
Read security: 5
When Bridge mode and Spanning Tree mode are active, this reflects the current state of the LAN and WAN ports. The following can appear:
Off - Appears when spanning tree mode is disabled
Disabled - Port is not connected (for WAN) or disabled in configuration
Listening - Port is in the listening state
Learning - Port is in the learning state
Forwarding - Port is in the forwarding state with the following possible properties: root - is the root port designated - is designated port
Blocking - Port is in the blocked state
Status/ARP Cache
Read security: 5
This lists the contents of the Express L128/L128T’s ARP table. All resolved cache entries time out after 20 minutes. Unresolved entries time out in 3 minutes.
ARP Cache/IP Address - IP address used for resolving MAC address
ARP Cache /MAC Address - Ethernet address resolved
(0=no resolution)
ARP Cache/Time - Minutes since entry was first entered
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Status/Bridge Table
Read security: 5
This lists the contents of the Express L128/L128T’s bridge table.
Bridge Cache/MAC Address - Ethernet address for device learned
Bridge Cache/Port - Port device learned from: LAN, WAN0, or WAN1
Bridge Cache/TTL - Seconds until address is removed from table
Status/IP Routes
Read security: 5
This lists the contents of the Express L128/L128T’s IP router table.
IP Routes /IP Address - Network or host destination address
IP Routes /Netmask - Network mask applied to the destination address
IP Routes /Gateway - Host or router to receive this packet
IP Routes /Port - Port gateway is located on: local - sent directly to the Express L128/L128T router eth0 - Express L128/L128T’s ethernet port wan0 - Express L128/L128T’s first PPP bundle wan1 - Express L128/L128T’s second PPP bundle idle - non-connected or “spoofed” route used for dial-on-demand
IP Routes /Use - Number of times the Express L128/L128T has referenced the route
IP Routes/Flags - Important tags associated with this route entry
H - route is a host route
G - route is a gateway route
D - route learned dynamically from RIP
I - route learned from an ICMP redirect
P - route is private and is not advertised with RIP
T - route is to a triggered port (updates only when table changes)
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IP Routes/Hops - Number of routers that must go through to get to destination. Ranges from 0-15 or 16 for infinite (can’t get there from here).
IP Routes/TTL - Seconds until address is removed from table or
“zombied.” Value of 999 means route is static.
Status/IPX Routes
Read security: 5
This lists the contents of the Express L128/L128T’s IPX router table.
IPX Routes /Network - Network destination address
IPX Routes /Gateway - Node or Ethernet address of gateway to receive this packet
IPX Routes /Port - Port gateway is located on: local - sent directly to the Express L128/L128T router eth0 - Express L128/L128T’s ethernet port wan0 - Express L128/L128T’s first PPP bundle wan1 - Express L128/L128T’s second PPP bundle idle - non-connected or “spoofed” route used for dial-on-demand
IPX Routes /Use - Number of times the Express L128/L128T has referenced the route
IPX Routes/Hops - Number of routers that must go through to get to destination. Ranges from 0-15 or 16 for infinite (can’t get there from here).
IPX Routes/Ticks - Router determined value for representing time packets take to reach the network destination. One tick is equivalent to one-eighteenth of a second.
IPX Routes/TTL - Seconds until address is removed from table.
Value of 999 means route is static.
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Status/IPX Servers
Read security: 5
This lists the contents of the Express L128/L128T’s IPX server table.
IPX Servers/Type - The server type
IPX Servers/Name - The server name
IPX Servers/Network - The server network address
IPX Servers /Address - The servers node address
IPX Servers/Socket - The servers socket address
IPX Servers/Hops - Number of routers that must go through to get to server. Ranges from 0-15 or 16 for infinite.
IPX Servers/TTL - Seconds until address is removed from table.
Value of 999 means server is static.
Status/WAN Stats
Read security: 5
This menu contains generic WAN statistics on both B-channel HDLC hardware ports.
HDLC Port 1
Tx Bytes - total number of raw bytes sent out HDLC port 1
Rx Bytes - total number of raw bytes received in HDLC port 1
Rx CRCs - total number of CRC errors detected on HDLC port 1
HDLC Port 2
Tx Bytes - total number of raw bytes sent out HDLC port 2
Rx Bytes - total number of raw bytes received in HDLC port 2
Rx CRCs - total number of CRC errors detected on HDLC port 2
Clear Counts - When activated, clears all WAN stat counts
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Status/LAN Stats
Read security: 5
This menu contains statistics for the Ethernet port.
Tx Packets - Packets transmitted out the Ethernet port
Rx Packets - Packets received from the Ethernet port
Tx Errors - Total transmit errors encountered on Ethernet port
Single Collisions - total single collisions before successful transmission
Multiple Collisions - total multiple collisions before successful transmission
Excessive Collisions - total collisions that resulted in packet being dropped
Deferred Transmissions - total packets deferred due to collisions
Carrier Sense Errors - total carrier sense errors encountered (no link integrity)
Rx Errors - Total packets received in error and dropped
CRCs - total packets detected with CRC errors
Giants - total packets received that were greater than 1518 bytes
Runts - total packets received that were less than 64 bytes
Rx Collisions - total collision occurred during reception
Clear Counts - When activated, clears all LAN Stat counts.
Status/IP Stats
Read security: 5
This menu contains IP statistics that can be useful when diagnosing problems.
All are taken from the SNMP MIB-2 variables.
96
TCP failed attempts
TCP passive connections
TCP current connections
TCP segments sent
TCP segments received
Total TCP resets
Active TCP connections
Total TCP retransmits
UDP datagrams sent
No application at dest. port
UDP datagrams received
UDP bad packets
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ICMP redirected messages
ICMP packet errors
ICMP timeouts received
ICMP messages sent
ICMP messages received
ICMP specif if errors
IP datagrams reassembled
IP datagrams sent
IP datagrams received
Total forwarded datagrams
IP reassembly timeout
Discarded routing entries
Total IP fragments
Failed fragments
IP reassembly failures
Disassembled fragments
Errorfree discards
Routeless discards
Default TTL
Bad IP addresses
Successful fragments
Bad header packets
Sent datagrams to upper layers
Datagrams discarded
Bad protocol discards
Clear Counts - clears all IP stats
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
TEST MENU
The Express L128/L128T’s Test menu contains built in tests that can be used to diagnose problems. Figure 3-12 shows the Test menu screen.
Figure 3-12
Test Screen
The following tests can be run:
Test Menu/Echo Request
Write security: 4, Read security: 5
When activated, the echo request test will begin sending continuous PPP echo request packets to any open LCP ports. Results are displayed on the screen.
At least one PPP session must be up.
Test Menu/Dial Self
Write security: 4, Read security: 5
The dial self-test can be activated to check the ISDN parameters set under the
Configuration/WAN/ISDN menu. This test starts the Express L128/L128T dialing itself using the configured LDN numbers. Once a connection is established, it will send PPP echo request until the test is terminated. Any error or success messages will appear on the screen.
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LOGS MENU
The Logs menu contain logs displaying important information about the running condition of the Express L128/L128T. The logs can be set to capture diagnostics of error conditions only by way of a log level. The levels are divided up as follows: level 0 - Fatal event (causes reset) level 1 - Critical event level 2 - Error event level 3 - Warning event level 4 - Notify event level 5 - Informational event level 6 - Debugging event
Figure 3-13 shows the Logs menu. The three logs available are listed after the figure.
Figure 3-13
Logs Screen
Logs/Sys log Host
Set this to the IP address or domain name (if DNS configured) of the sys log host device. All log events are sent to this device.
Logs/PPP Log
Information pertaining to the PPP negotiation and authentication will be logged here.
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PPP Log/Active
When set to Yes (def), PPP events below or equal the log level are logged into the log.
PPP Log/Wrap
When set to Yes (def), new PPP events will overwrite old PPP events when the log is full. All logging will stop when the log is full and set to No.
PPP Log/Level
In order to log events, they must be at or below this level. Range is 0 to 6. The default is 3.
PPP Log/View
This menu displays the log list. The fields are as follows:
Date/Time - Date and time event occurred.
Level - Level associated with this event (0-6).
Message - Text message for this event. If message is too long to fit on the line, another event appears below it continuing the message.
PPP Log/Clear
This clears the log when activated.
Logs/Call Log
Information pertaining to the call placement and answering over the ISDN link.
Call Log/Active
When set to Yes (def), call events below or equal the log level are logged into the log.
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Call Log/Wrap
When set to Yes (def), new Call events will overwrite old Call events when the log is full. All logging will stop when the log is full and set to No.
Call Log/Level
In order to log events, they must be at or below this level. Range is 0 to 6. The default is 3.
Call Log/View
This menu displays the log list. The fields are as follows:
Date/Time - Date and time event occurred.
Level - Level associated with this event (0-6).
Message - Text message for this event. If message is too long to fit on the line, another event appears below it continuing the message.
Call Log/Clear
This clears the log when activated.
Logs/Network Log
Information pertaining to the routing protocols is placed in this log.
Network Log/Active
When set to Yes (def), call events below or equal the log level are logged into the log.
Network Log/Wrap
When set to Yes (def), new Network events will overwrite old Network events when the log is full. All logging will stop when the log is full and set to No.
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Network Log/Level
In order to log events, they must be at or below this level. Range is 0 to 6. The default is 3.
Network Log/View
This menu displays the log list. The fields are as follows:
Date/Time - Date and time event occurred.
Level - Level associated with this event (0-6).
Message - Text message for this event. If message is too long to fit on the line, another event appears below it continuing the message.
Network Log/Clear
This clears the log when activated.
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UTILITIES MENU
The Express L128/L128T has utilities embedded in it to help manage and test the network and to facilitate software upgrades. Figure 3-14 shows the Utilities menu.
Figure 3-14
Utilities Screen
Utilities/Ping
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
The ping menu is used to send ICMP ping messages to hosts. The following items are under this menu:
Start/Stop - Activator to start and cancel a ping test.
Host Address - IP address or domain name (if DNS is configured) of device to receive the ping
Size - Total size of ping to send. Range is 40 (def) to 1500 bytes.
# of Packets - Total packets to send every two seconds
# of Transmits - Total packets sent (read only)
# of Receives - Total packets received (read only)
% Loss - Percentage loss based on ping returned form host (read only)
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Utilities/Telnet Client
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
The Telnet menu can be used to activate the telnet client function in the Express L128/L128T.
Host - IP address or domain name (if DNS is configured) of Telnet server.
Activate - Starts Telnet client function. The key combination Control ] cancels the session.
Utilities/Upgrade Menu
Write security: 2; Read security: 3
The Express L128/L128T’s firmware can be upgraded using this menu.
Upgrade/Transfer Method
The two methods for upgrading are TFTP and XMODEM. TFTP requires a
TFTP server running somewhere on the network. The Express L128/L128T starts a TFTP client function which gets the upgrade code from the TFTP server. Selecting XMODEM will load the upgrade code through the maintenance port using any PC terminal emulator with xmodem capability.
Upgrade/TFTP Host
This is required when the transfer method is TFTP. It is the IP address or domain name (if DNS is configured) of the TFTP server.
Upgrade/Filename
This is required when the transfer method is TFTP. It is the case-sensitive file name which is the upgrade code.
Upgrade/Status
This appears when TFTP is used. It displays the status of the transfer as it happens. Any error or success message will be displayed here.
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Upgrade/Start Transfer
This activator is used when the configurable items in this menu are complete.
Once started, the Express L128/L128T will prompt for erasing the flash. When the flash is erased and the upgrade transfer fails, do not turn off the unit. Retry the transfer until successful. Otherwise, if power is removed before upgrade has finished, the upgrade will have to occur from the maintenance port using XMODEM. If this happens, set a PC terminal emulation program to 9600 baud and attach to the Express
L128/L128T’s maintenance port. Press Return to display a simple terminal menu for upgrading. This menu appears when the flash code has been erased or is corrupt. The menu will also appear if you power up and hold down the SELECT key for at least five seconds.
Upgrade/Abort Transfer
Use this activator to cancel any TFTP transfer in progress.
Upgrade/TFTP Server
Setting this to Yes allows another Express L128/L128T to upgrade its code using TFTP client. This, in effect, turns on the Express L128/L128T TFTP server function and allows its code to be “cloned.” Setting to No (def) will deny any request from TFTP clients.
Utilities/Exit
Write security: 5; Read security: 5
Activating this feature will exit the terminal session from the maintenance port or telnet. It is equivalent to the key combination Control L.
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Chapter 4
Troubleshooting
When the Express L128/L128T powers up, it performs an internal self-test.
This takes about 10 seconds. At the end of the test, the PWR LED should flash.
IF SELF-TEST FAILS
If the PWR LED is not on or continuously flashes, the following steps will verify whether or not the problem can be fixed locally.
1.
Ensure the Express L128/L128T is receiving power.
2.
Power off the Express L128/L128T. Place switch 2 in the off position; then power back up. This will reset all internal settings to their factory default.
3.
If the Express L128/L128T still does not pass self-test, call ADTRAN Technical Support for assistance. See the inside back cover of this manual for information on contacting ADTRAN.
IF THE EXPRESS L128/L128T DOES NOT READ READY
When the Express L128/L128T has been set up and connected to a line, but the
PWR LED does not remain on after a few minutes, proceed with the following steps:
1.
Cycle power on the Express L128/L128T, leaving it off for a minimum of two seconds; then turn the power on for one minute to ensure the PWR
LED still doesn’t stay on.
2.
Disconnect the Express L128/L128T. From a functioning voice phone, call the local directory number(s) provided with your line. Calling a good
ISDN line with nothing connected usually results in a ring or fast busy tone. If someone answers, or you get a not-in-service intercept, there is
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Chapter 4: Troubleshooting probably something wrong with the translation of the line. The phone service provider should be able to help.
3.
If the PWR LED still flashes, there is a physical problem with the phone line (more than likely, a problem with the Layer 1 setup). The problem is in one or more of the places listed below:
• The Express L128/L128T software setup
• The Express L128/L128T hardware
• The wiring on your premises
• The telephone service provider’s wiring
• The telephone service provider’s hardware
• The telephone service provider’s software setup
To isolate the problem, perform the following procedure:
A. Ensure the line is plugged into the Express L128/L128T connector marked ISDN on the back of the Express L128/
L128T.
B. Make sure the Express L128/L128T is configured for Dial line service.
C. If possible, try another piece of functioning ISDN equipment with a U-interface on the line.
D. Talk to your service provider and ensure you have an
ISDN Basic Rate U-Interface with 2B1Q line coding.
(Wrong options are an S or T interface or AMI line coding).
E. Ensure that your phone line is connected to the actual telephone line (U-interface) provided by your telephone company. Make sure your line is not connected through another piece of equipment such as an NT1 in a wiring closet.
F. Make sure nothing else is bridged across the line pair.
G. With a minimum of extra wiring, try connecting to the line pair at the point where the service provider’s wiring ends.
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H. With the Express L128/L128T connected to the line and powered up, talk to your service provider’s repair group and inform them that your ISDN basic rate line has a physical Layer 1 problem. Ask them to check the line.
Tell them that you have an NT1-like device at the end of the line.
4.
If the Loop Status in the Express L128/L128T Status menu continuously reads Getting TEI #1, then the Express L128/L128T is physically connected to your local telephone service provider but is unable to establish logical layer 2. The problem is in one or more of the places listed below:
• The Express L128/L128T software setup
• The telephone service provider’s software setup
• Hardware configuration, if the line is extended from the switch
To isolate the problem, perform the following procedure:
A. Ensure the Express L128/L128T is setup for the correct switch type.
B. Ensure the quality of your line is satisfactory by checking for near and far end block errors (NEBEs and FEBEs). If the counts are non-zero, there may be a physical link problem as described in step 3.
C. If possible, try another piece of functioning ISDN equipment with a U-interface on the line.
D. With the Express L128/L128T connected to the line and powered up, talk to your service provider’s repair group and tell them you have an ISDN basic rate line that appears physically okay but has no terminal endpoint identifier (TEI). Ask them to check the line translation and ensure that the line supports dynamic TEI allocation. Tell them that you have an NT1 and terminal adapter device connected to the line.
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5.
If the Loop Status in the Express L128/L128T Status menu continuously reads Register SPID #1, then the Express L128/L128T is physically connected to your local telephone service provider and has established logical layer 2. The Express L128/L128T is unable to establish layer 3. The problem is in one or both of the following places:
• The Express L128/L128T software setup
• The telephone service provider’s software setup
To isolate the problem, perform the following procedure:
A. Ensure the Express L128/L128T is set up for the correct switch type.
B. Make sure the line is multipoint.
C. Make sure the Express L128/L128T is set up with the correct SPID and LDN. For example:
SPID1 = 20572270460101
SPID2 = 20572270470101
LDN 1 = 7227046
LDN 2 = 7227047
D. If possible, try another piece of functioning ISDN equipment with a U-interface on the line.
E. With the Express L128/L128T connected to the line and powered up, talk to your service provider’s repair group and tell them you have an ISDN basic rate line that appears physically okay but is unable to register its SPID(s).
Ask them to check the line translation, ensure the line supports dynamic TEI allocation, and verify the SPIDs.
Tell them that you have an NT1 and terminal adapter device connected to the line.
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6.
If the Loop Status in the Express L128/L128T Status menu continuously reads Getting TEI #2, the Express L128/L128T has completely initialized the first phone number but is unable to establish logical layer 2 for the second phone number. The problem is in one or both of the following places:
• The Express L128/L128T software setup
• The telephone service provider’s software setup
To isolate the problem, perform the following procedure:
A. Ensure the line is multipoint with two phone numbers.
B. Ensure that the Express L128/L128T is set up with the correct SPID and LDN. For example:
SPID1 = 20572270460101
SPID2 = 20572270470101
LDN 1 = 7227046
LDN 2 = 7227047
C. Try swapping SPID1 with SPID2 and LDN1 with LDN2.
Determine if the problem is the second phone number or the quantity of phone numbers.
D. If possible, try another piece of functioning ISDN equipment with a U-interface on the line.
E. With the Express L128/L128T connected to the line and powered up, talk to your service provider’s repair group and tell them you have an ISDN basic rate line that appears physically okay but is unable to register its SPID(s).
Ask them to check the line translation, ensure the line supports dynamic TEI allocation, and verify the SPIDs.
Tell them that you have an NT1 and terminal adapter device connected to the line.
7.
If the Loop Status in the Express L128/L128T Status Menu continuously reads
Register SPID #2 , the Express L128/L128T has completely initialized the first phone number but is unable to establish logical layer 3 for the second phone number. The problem is in one or both of the following places:
• The Express L128/L128T software setup
• The telephone service provider’s software setup
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To isolate the problem, perform the following procedure:
A. Ensure the line is multipoint with two phone numbers.
B. Ensure that the Express L128/L128T is set up with the correct SPID and LDN. For example:
SPID1 = 20572270460101
SPID2 = 20572270470101
LDN 1 = 7227046
LDN 2 = 7227047
C. Try swapping SPID1 with SPID2 and LDN1 with LDN2.
Determine if the problem is with the second phone number or the quantity of phone numbers.
D. If possible, try another piece of functioning ISDN equipment with a U-interface on the line.
E. With the Express L128/L128T connected to the line and powered up, talk to your service provider’s repair group and tell them you have an ISDN basic rate line that appears physically okay but is unable to register its SPIDs.
Ask them to check the line translation, ensure the line supports dynamic TEI allocation, and verify the SPIDs.
Tell them that you have an NT1 and terminal adapter device connected to the line.
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IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO CONNECT CALLS
See Table 4-A for corrective actions if you cannot connect calls.
Table 4-A
Troubleshooting Calls
Condition Corrective Action
The PWR LED remains on, but calls cannot be placed.
Most likely a problem exists in the software setup (translation) at the
CO switch, or the network setup in the Express L128.
The line is probably not set up to support data calls.
Local voice calls can be transmitted, but data calls to the same exchange cannot.
Local data calls go through, but long distance data calls do not.
Ensure the far end is working. If not already doing so, place the call explicitly specifying the prefix of the long distance service (for example, 10288 for AT&T). If this does not work, then most likely the problem is that the long distance service provider is not providing long distance access.
Single B-channel calls can be made, but two B-channel calls cannot.
There is most likely a problem in the software setup (translation) at the
CO switch, or the network setup in the Express L128.
If the line has two phone numbers, make sure the second SPID and
LDN are entered correctly in SPID2 and LDN2 in the Express L128.
Check with the local service provider to ensure that the line supports two data calls. The Express L128 status log buffer shows what sequence of events occurred. What you need to know is which piece of equipment first caused the Multilink PPP process to terminate. The status logs from both ends may be necessary to determine this.
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Chapter 5
Specifications
SPECIFICATIONS AND FEATURES
This section describes the standard specifications and features incorporated in the Express L128/L128T.
Network Interface
RJ-45 for ISDN Basic Rate U-Interface or RJ-45 for leased 2B1Q service.
Ethernet Interface (LAN)
Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 10BaseT.
Switch Compatibility
• LUCENT 5ESS
• NTI DMS-100
• National ISDN-1
Dual POTS Interface
• Maximum REN = 3
• Caller ID
• Ringing Signal Amplitude = 185 Vp-p (+/- 5V)
• Ringing Signal Frequency = 20 Hz (+/- 3 Hz)
• Supports 3 phones
(18 mA loop current each) at 1,000 ft, 24 AWG
• Supports 2 phones
(26 mA loop current each) at 1,000 ft, 24 AWG
• Supports 1 phone
(49 mA loop current each) at 1,000 ft, 24 AWG
• Supports 4 phones
(14 mA loop current each) at 600 ft, 24 AWG
• Supports 3 phones
(18 mA loop current each) at 600 ft, 24 AWG
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Chapter 5: Specifications
• Supports 2 phones
(27 mA loop current each) at 600 ft, 24 AWG
• Supports 5 phones
(12 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG
• Supports 4 phones
(15 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG
• Supports 3 phones
(19 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG
• Supports 2 phones
(28 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG
• Supports 1 phone
(53 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG
• Supports 5 phones
(12 mA loop current each) at 100 ft, 24 AWG
• Supports 4 phones
(15 mA loop current each) at 100 ft, 24 AWG
• Supports 3 phones
(20 mA loop current each) at 100 ft, 24 AWG
• Supports 5 phones (13 mA loop current each) at 8 ft, 24 AWG
• Supports 4 phones (16 mA loop current each) at 8 ft, 24 AWG
• Supports 3 phones (21 mA loop current each) at 8 ft, 24 AWG
Display
Available through terminal interface or Telnet session
Environmental
• Operating Temperature: 0 - 50
°
C
• Storage Temperature: 20 - 70
°
C
• Relative Humidity: Up to 95% non-condensing
Physical
• Dimensions: 1.625" H x 9.0" W x 6.375" D
• Weight: 2.5 lbs
Power
• 120 VAC, 60 Hz, 7.5 W typical dissipation with POTS
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Appendix A
Loop Status Messages
The Express L128/L128T displays current loop status of the ISDN on the bottom center line of the terminal screen. The following messages are defined:
AutoSpid Download
The Express L128/L128T is performing the LUCENT SPID download feature.
AutoSpid X
A SPID is being attempted by ExpertISDN. X starts at 0 and counts up for each
SPID format.
CALL <number>
The Express L128/L128T is dialing the number.
Call Connect B1
Bearer channel B1 is active with a call.
Call Connect B2
Bearer channel B2 is active with a call.
Call Connect B1/B2
Bearer channels B1 and B2 are active with a call.
Connected 64K/2X64K/128K/144K
When the Express L128/L128T is in leased mode, this will appear when the link’s layer 1 is up. The rate is determined by what it is configured for under
Configuration/WAN/ISDN/Leased/Rate.
DISCONNECTING
A call is in the process of being disconnected.
DMS-100 Ready
The ISDN link layers 1 through 3 are up against a Nortel DMS-100 switch and is ready for calls.
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Appendix A: Loop Status Messages
Echo: Tx: X Rx: Y
The current transmit and receive count for the PPP echo request test.
Getting TEI #1
The Express L128/L128T’s ISDN layer 1 is up and is now getting the first TEI from the ISDN network.
Getting TEI #2
The Express L128/L128T’s ISDN layer 1 is up and one TEI is obtained. It is now getting the second TEI from the ISDN network.
ISDN-1 Ready
The ISDN link layers 1 through 3 are up against a switch running the ISDN-1 protocol and is ready for calls.
Layer 1 up
The Express L128/L128T’s ISDN layer 1 is up.
Link down
The ISDN link is not synchronized.
Link In Sync
The ISDN link is synchronized but layer 1 is not up.
LUCENT-5ESS Ready
The ISDN link layers 1 through 3 are up against an LUCENT 5E switch and is ready for calls.
NET EOC LOOPBACK
Express L128/L128T has received an ISDN EOC loopback command from the switch.
Register SPID #1
The Express L128/L128T’s ISDN layer 1 and 2 is up and is now registering
SPID 1 with the ISDN network.
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Appendix A: Loop Status Messages
Register SPID #1
The Express L128/L128T’s ISDN layer 1 and 2 is up and is now registering
SPID 2 with the ISDN network.
RINGING
An incoming call is ringing.
B1 and B2 Bearer Channel Status Messages
56K
Connected at 56K call type.
64K
Connected at 64K call type.
Audio
Connected at audio call type.
Dialing
Dialing out.
Holding
Connection is on hold.
Idle
No call up.
Speech
Connected at speech call type.
Release
Call being hung up.
Retriv
Held call being retrieved.
Ringing
Incoming call.
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Appendix A: Loop Status Messages
Routing
Incoming call state in transition .
Waiting
Call is between states or waiting for switch.
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Appendix B
Log Messages
The Express L128/L128T Logs menu contains messages of events that occur.
The definitions for some of those log messages are as follows:
PPP Log Messages
B-Channels bundled level 5
Both B-channels are bundled under multilink PPP going to a single PPP peer.
BACP <X> down level 5
Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol port <X> has been dropped between
Express L128/L128T and PPP peer.
BACP <X> up level 5
Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol port <X> has been successfully negotiated between Express L128/L128T and PPP peer.
BCP <X> down level 5
Bridge Control Protocol port <X> has been dropped between Express L128/
L128T and PPP peer.
BCP <X> up level 5
Bridge Control Protocol port <X> has been successfully negotiated between
Express L128/L128T and PPP peer.
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 121
Appendix B: Log Messages
Can't find user profile level 2
The Express L128/L128T could not find an appropriate user profile for an incoming call. Make sure that a profile has been entered under Configuration/
Connection List or that a default profile exists. A default profile is one which has the name DEFAULT in the description field.
CCP <X> down level 5
Compression Control Protocol port <X> has been dropped between Express
L128/L128T and PPP peer.
CCP <X> up level 5
Compression Control Protocol port <X> has been successfully negotiated between Express L128/L128T and PPP peer.
CHAP authen failed level 3
The PPP peer has rejected the Express L128/L128T’s username and/or password used for authenticating. Check to make sure the Configuration/Con- nection List/Authentication parameters Tx Method, Tx Username, and Tx
Password are correct.
EAP authen failed level 3
The PPP peer has rejected the Express L128/L128T’s username and/or password used for authenticating. Check to make sure the Configuration/Con- nection List/Authentication parameters Tx Method, Tx Username, and Tx
Password are correct.
IPCP <X> down level 5
IP Control Protocol port <X> has been dropped between Express L128/L128T and PPP peer.
IPCP <X> up level 5
IP Control Protocol port <X> has been successfully negotiated between Express L128/L128T and PPP peer.
122 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Appendix B: Log Messages
IPXCP <X> down level 5
IPX Control Protocol port <X> has been dropped between Express L128/
L128T and PPP peer.
IPXCP <X> up level 5
IPX Control Protocol port <X> has been successfully negotiated between Express L128/L128T and PPP peer.
LCP <X> down level 5
Link Control Protocol port <X> has been dropped between Express L128/
L128T and PPP peer.
LCP <X> up level 5
Link Control Protocol port <X> has been successfully negotiated between Express L128/L128T and PPP peer.
Link is looped back level 3
The Express L128/L128T has dialed a location which is looping back all data.
Essentially, it has negotiated PPP with itself.
MP options not the same level 2
It is required that when LCP links are bundled that specific PPP options (MR-
RU and short sequence header format) be negotiated the same for all LCP links. This message occurs when those options mismatch. Probably due to misconfiguration of the PPP peer.
Negot not converging level 2
Negotiation of the LCP layer is unattainable due to misconfiguration or the Express L128/L128T or PPP peer is requiring authentication and the other is refusing.
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 123
Appendix B: Log Messages
No IP addr for peer level 2
The Express L128/L128T cannot continue the connection because there was no
IP address received from the PPP peer or it was not set in Configuration/Con- nection List/IP/Route/IP/Net parameter.
No more bundles avail level 3
The Express L128/L128T cannot bundle more than two Multilink sessions at one time.
No Response from peer level 2
The Express L128/L128T has dialed or answered a call and no PPP negotiation packets were seen.
PAP authen failed level 3
The PPP peer has rejected the Express L128/L128T’s username and/or password used for authenticating. Check to make sure the Configuration/Con- nection List/Authentication parameters Tx Method, Tx Username, and Tx
Password are correct.
Peer failed CHAP authen level 3
The PPP peer’s reported CHAP username and/or password does not match the Express L128/L128T’s parameters. This is most likely caused by PPP peer sending an incorrect username and/or password. Make sure the Configura- tion/Connection List/Authentication parameters Rx Username and Rx Pass- word are correctly entered. Also, if using RADIUS, check that the server is configured and running properly.
Peer failed EAP authen level 3
The PPP peer’s reported EAP username and/or password does not match the
Express L128/L128T’s parameters. This is most likely caused by PPP peer sending incorrect username and/or password. Make sure the Configuration/
Connection List/Authentication parameters Rx Username and Rx Password are correctly entered. Also, if using RADIUS, check that the server is configured and running properly.
124 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Appendix B: Log Messages
Peer failed PAP authen level 3
The PPP peer’s reported PAP username and/or password does not match the
Express L128/L128T’s parameters. This is most likely caused by PPP peer sending incorrect username and/or password. Make sure the Configuration/
Connection List/Authentication parameters Rx Username and Rx Password are correctly entered. Also, if using RADIUS, check that the server is configured and running properly.
Peer refused authen level 3
The PPP peer would not allow the Express L128/L128T to authenticate it using the method set in Configuration/Security/PPP.
Peer refused SpanTree level 4
The PPP peer would not participate in the Spanning Tree protocol. This is a warning message only. Bridging will still occur across the WAN port so care must be taken that no loop topologies exist across the connection.
PPPtx[x] … level 6
Advance debugging decode of transmitted PPP configuration packets.
PPPrx[x] … level 6
Advanced debugging decode of received PPP configuration packets.
Call Log Messages
Answer <number> level 5
An incoming call from <number> was answered. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line then <number> will be blank.
AutoSpid Download Not Available level 4
Lucent AutoSpid download is not available from this ISDN switch.
AutoSpid Download Pass level 4
Lucent AutoSpid download feature has successfully installed the SPIDs.
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 125
Appendix B: Log Messages
AutoSpid Download Started level 4
Lucent AutoSpid download feature has started.
AutoSpid Failed level 2
ExpertISDN has failed trying to determine the ISDN line’s SPID format. This can occur if the telephone company is not using standard SPID formats.
AutoSpid Passed level 4
ExpertISDN has finished and has determined the ISDN line’s SPID format.
AutoSpid Retry level 4
ExpertISDN is attempting another SPID format.
AutoSwitch LUCENT level 4
ExpertISDN has determined that the switch protocol is LUCENT 5E custom.
AutoSwitch DMS level 4
ExpertISDN has determined that the switch protocol is Nortel DMS-100.
AutoSwitch NI-1 level 4
ExpertISDN has determined that the switch protocol is National ISDN 1.
Bad call type level 1
Internal error as a result of outgoing call attempt.
Bad Host_Call_ID level 1
Internal error as a result of call control.
Bad phone number level 2
An outgoing call was attempted with a badly formatted or empty phone number.
126 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Appendix B: Log Messages
Bandwidth drop level 4
The Express L128/L128T is dropping a B-channel call in order to reduce bandwidth.
Bandwidth request level 4
The Express L128/L128T is dialing another B-channel in order to increase bandwidth.
Bandwidth Restore level 4
The Express L128/L128T is re-dialing destination to restore original bandwidth after POTS call bump or unexpected call drop.
Bearer Info Cap Incorrect level 2
The bearer capability received in an information element from the switch was invalid.
Bearer Mode Incorrect level 2
The bearer mode received in an information element from the switch was invalid.
BUSY level 2
Called location was busy.
Call lost <number> level 5
The Express L128/L128T attemptedto retrieve a previously held call but the call was lost for unknown reasons. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line, then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
Caller ID mismatch level 3
The caller ID number did not match the numbers placed in Configuration/
Connection List/Authentication parameters Call ID 1 or Call ID 2.
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 127
Appendix B: Log Messages
128
CallID 1 in use level 2
An outgoing call on LDN 1 was dumped because it was already busy with a call.
CallID 2 in use level 2
A outgoing call on LDN 2 was dumped because it was already busy with a call.
Can't answer, Call not ringing level 1
Internal error as a result of trying to answer a non-existent incoming call.
Cause: ‘<cause>’ diag=<num> level 3
The ISDN switch has sent a Cause information element describing the reason reported from the ISDN switch as <cause> for a call failure. The value <num> is the diagnostic which can be helpful for diagnosing by the telephone company or ADTRAN technical support. The following will be reported for the
<cause> value:
BAD_INFO_ELEM
BEAR_CAP_NOT_AVAIL
BEARER_CAP_NOT_AUTH
CALL_REJECTED
CAP_NOT_IMPLEMENTED
CHAN_DOES_NOT_EXIST
CHAN_NOT_IMPLEMENTED
CHANNEL_UNACCEPTABLE
DEST_OUT_OF_ORDER
FACILITY_NOT_IMPLEMENT
FACILITY_NOT_SUBSCRIBED
FACILITY_REJECTED
INCOMING_CALL_BARRED
INCOMPATIBLE_DEST
INVALID_CALL_REF
INVALID_ELEM_CONTENTS
INVALID_MSG_UNSPEC
INVALID_NUMBER_FORMAT
MANDATORY_IE_LEN_ERR
MANDATORY_IE_MISSING
Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Appendix B: Log Messages
NETWORK_CONGESTION
NETWORK_OUT_OF_ORDER
NO_CIRCUIT_AVAILABLE
NO_ROUTE
NO_ROUTE_TO_DEST
NO_USER_RESPONDING
NON_SEL_USER_CLEAR
NONEXISTENT_MSG
NORMAL_CLEARING
NUMBER_CHANGED
OUTGOING_CALL_BARRED
PRE_EMPTED
PROTOCOL_ERROR
REQ_CHANNEL_NOT_AVAIL
RESOURCE_UNAVAIL
SERVICE_NOT_AVAIL
SERVICE_OPER_VIOLATED
TEMPORARY_FAILURE
TIMER_EXPIRY
UNASSIGNED_NUMBER
USER_ALERT_NO_ANS
USER_BUSY
WRONG_MESSAGE
WRONG_MSG_FOR_STATE
Conference <number> level 5
The Express L128/L128T has conferenced the held call with the active call. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
Conference Rej <number> level 5
The Express L128/L128T attempted to conference but was reject by the ISDN switch. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line, then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
Connect Timeout level 3
An outgoing call attempt has failed because the call was not answered or it was not routed through the ISDN network.
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 129
Appendix B: Log Messages
Connected <number> level 5
A call from or to <number> was connected. If no caller ID is available for the
ISDN line then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
Demand calling ‘<user>’ level 4
A new call is being placed due to incoming packet routed to “idle” interface or bridge packet passing through demand filter. The Connection List profile used is the one with <user> in the description field.
DEST NOT ISDN level 4
The number dialed is not ISDN. This is a warning and is most often seen for
POTS calls.
Dial <number> level 5
The Express L128/L128T is dialing <number>.
Dialing ...
level 5
A phone on the Express L128/L128T POTS port is dialing.
Disconnect <number> level 5
A call from or to <number> was disconnected. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line, then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
Dump <number> level 5
A call or call attempt to or from <number> has been refused. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line, then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
Dump call level 3
The Express L128/L128T has dropped an incoming call because it was busy with calls.
130 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Appendix B: Log Messages
Fallback to 56K level 4
The Express L128/L128T is re-dialing the same destination at 56K call type because the 64K call type failed.
FarDN=<number> level 5
This is far-end directory number for an incoming call.
Hangup <number> level 5
A call from or to <number> was hung up. If no caller ID is available for the
ISDN line, then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
Hold <number> level 5
The Express L128/L128T has placed a call on hold. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line, then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
Hold Reject <number> level 5
The Express L128/L128T attempted to put a call on hold and it was rejected by the ISDN switch. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line, then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
Idle timeout level 4
The Express L128/L128T’s idle timer has expired and the current session has dropped.
L1 not up level 2
A call attempt was stopped because ISDN layer 1 is down.
L2 not up level 2
A call attempt was stopped because ISDN layer 2 is down trying to get first
TEI.
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 131
Appendix B: Log Messages
L2 #2 not up level 2
A call attempt was stopped because ISDN layer 2 is down trying to get second
TEI.
L3 not up level 2
A call attempt was stopped because ISDN layer 3 is down trying to register first SPID.
L3 #2 not up level 2
A call attempt was stopped because ISDN layer 3 is down trying to register second SPID.
LDN TOO LONG level 1
The number in either LDN 1 or LDN 2 is longer than 20 characters.
NETWORK BUSY level 2
Called location was busy or network could not route call.
Network down level 4
The ISDN network is unavailable due to layers 1,2 or 3 dropping.
Network up level 4
The ISDN network layer 3 is up and is ready for calls.
No calling ID level 2
An incoming call did not provide the caller ID number required for authentication.
No previous number level 1
An internal error occurred with dial-on-demand function.
132 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Appendix B: Log Messages
NOT end2end ISDN level 4
The path that the call was routed over is not ISDN from end-to-end. This is a warning and is most often seen for POTS calls.
Power Up - last down cause: <reason> level 0 (displayed as level 1 after the unit is reset)
This is the <reason> for the last reset. Most are caused by internal errors. Possible reasons are:
Bus Error - Bad address occurred on the internal bus
Kernel error - General operating system error
No SBCs - Mail resources used up or lost
Router stack error - Fatal error in protocol stack general panic - general error no rip - rip tasks could not start out of memory - out of available memory out of TCP ports - all TCP ports are used up unknown error - unknown fatal error has occurred
Set timer error - Cannot set real time clock
Software Watch Dog Reset - Software watchdog was not updated
Probe: all ports busy level 3
All ports were busy when it was time to probe. An attempt will be made on the next probe interval.
Probe failed level 2
An attempt to connect to a probe site failed.
Probing <name> level 4
The Express L128/L128T is making an outgoing call to the destination specified by the description in the Connection List in order to get an update on routes.
POTS call bump level 4
The Express L128/L128T has dropped bandwidth on an existing data call so that a POTS call can be connected.
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 133
Appendix B: Log Messages
Retrieved <number> level 5
The Express L128/L128T has retrieved a previously held call. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line, then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
Ring <number> level 5
An incoming call from <number> was ringing. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line then <number> will be blank.
SOURCE NOT ISDN level 4
The incoming calling party is not ISDN. This is a warning and is most often seen for POTS calls.
Signal 0xNN level 4
A signal information element was received from the ISDN switch with the value NN in hexadecimal.
Transfer <number> level 5
The Express L128/L128T has transferred the held call with the active call. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line, then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
Transfer Rej <number> level 5
The Express L128/L128T attempted to transfer but was rejected by the ISDN switch. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line, then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
Network Log Messages
Attempting to add bad IP iface route: ifnum=<inter> dest=<ip> level 4
An IP address <ip> could not be used for the interface number <inter>.
134
DHCP couldn't alloc mem level 1
A DHCP response could not be generated due to memory allocation problems.
Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Appendix B: Log Messages
DHCP response sent level 4
A DHCP response was successfully sent to requesting device.
DHCP socket failed level 1
Internal error occurred when attempting to start DHCP server.
DHCP: Host not added to ARP table level 2
The DHCP server could not add requesting host to ARP table.
Installing bad default route: ifnum=<inter> metric=<hops> gw=<ip> level 6
The Express L128/L128T did not install a default route because the <inter> or
<hops> was zero.
Rejecting packet with Source Routing option - src=<srcip> dest=<destip> level 4
The Express L128/L128T has dropped a source routed IP packet due to invalid parameters.
setmask: local IP iface(0), not done level 6
Debug error used in determining router stack problems.
syslog: bad host level 2
Syslog function cannot use host name or IP set in Configuration/Logs/Syslog
Host.
syslog: no port level 2
Syslog function cannot open port to send Log entries.
TEL: Telnet Session Closed level 4
Telnet server session has been closed.
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 135
Appendix B: Log Messages
136 telclient bad host level 2
Telnet client could not use host name or IP address set in Configuration/Utilities/Telnet Client/Host.
telclient bad init level 2
Telnet client could not initialize a session.
Telnet Client: Clr TCBF_BUFFER flag failed level 6
Debugging message related to Telnet client function.
Telnet Client: Set TCBF_DONTBLOCK flag failed level 6
Debugging message related to Telnet client function.
Telnet Client socket failed level 2
Telnet client function could not open TCP socket.
Telnet server connect to <ip> level 4
Telnet server has connected to Telnet client with IP address <ip>.
Telnet Session Closed level 4
Telnet server has closed connection.
Telnet Session failed, error <errnum> level 2
Telnet server could not connect to Telnet client due to error.
TELNETD: accept failed level 2
Telnet server could not open TCP socket to incoming Telnet client.
TELNETD: Set TCPC_LISTENQ failed level 6
Debugging message related to Telnet server function.
Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Appendix B: Log Messages
TELNETD: Clr TCBF_BUFFER flag failed level 6
Debugging message related to Telnet client function.
TELNETD: could not obtain peer ip level 2
Telnet server function could not get IP address of Telnet client.
TELNETD: Session failed, error level 2
A Telnet server session has failed because of an error.
TELNETD: Set TCBF_DONTBLOCK flag failed level 6
Debugging message related to Telnet client function.
TELNETD: SOCKET creation error level 2
Telnet server could not be started due to TCP socket error.
TFTP: can't get to host level 2
TFTP client could not get to host.
TFTP client: unable to open port level 2
TFTP client function could not open a UDP port.
TFTP: error rcvd - <message>" level 2
Received error with <message> from TFTP server.
TFTP: lost communication level 2
Lost communication to TFTP client or server during transfer.
TFTP server: unable to open port level 2
TFTP server function could not open a UDP port.
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 137
Appendix B: Log Messages
138 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Appendix C
SNMP
Understanding SNMP
As Local Area Network (LAN) environments became standardized over the past ten years, multi-vendor equipment grew with competition. It became necessary to manage the various vendor equipment from a single control console. Thus, the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) emerged as the de facto standard for managing commercial Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networks.
The term SNMP broadly refers to the message protocols used to exchange information between the network and the managed devices, as well as to the structure of network management databases. SNMP has three basic components:
• Network Manager: This is a control program that collects, controls, and presents data pertinent to the operation of the network devices. It resides on a network management station.
• Agent: This is a control program that responds to queries and commands from the network manager and returns requested information or invokes configuration changes initiated by the manager. It resides in each network device connected.
• MIB: This is an index to the organized data within a network device. It defines the operating parameters that can be controlled or monitored.
When requesting the network manager to retrieve or modify a particular piece of information about a network device, the network manager transmits the request to that network device. The agent in that device interprets the incoming request, performs the requested task, and sends its response to the network manager. The network manager collects all the data from the various network devices and presents it in a consistent form.
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 139
Appendix C: SNMP
Using SNMP Version 1, the network manager can issue three types of commands:
• GetRequest : This command retrieves a single item or the first in a series from a network device.
• GetNextRequest : This command retrieves the next item in a series from a network device.
• SetRequest : This command writes information to a network device.
The network device issues two types of messages:
• GetResponse : This message is the response to a network manager GetRe- quest or GetNextRequest command.
• Trap : This is an unsolicited message issued by a network device to report an operational anomaly or an alarm condition to the network manager.
These messages are typically encased within informational packets and transported over the LAN or WAN.
SNMP Embedded Agent
The Express L128/L128T supports the following groups from MIB-II: (RFC
1213)
• System Group
• UDP Group
• Interfaces Group
• ICMP Group
• Address Translation Group
• IP Group
• TCP Group
Also, the Ethernet transmission MIB is supported (RFC 1643).
The following manager requests are supported:
• Get object
• Get next object
• Set object
140 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Appendix C: SNMP
Communities
The Express L128/L128T permits up to eight communities to be defined. The privilege level of each community can be set. The default community is public with read-only privileges. When the IP address is all zeros, any manager of the community can access the Express L128/L128T.
Traps
Up to four hosts can be set to receive traps. Each host entry requires an IP address of the manager.
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 141
Appendix C: SNMP
142 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Appendix D
Connector Pinouts
Table D-A
IBM/AT Style EIA-232 Interface
I = Input
EIA-232
O = Output
5
6
3
4
Pin
1
2
7
8
9
Name
CD
RD
TD
DTR
GND
DSR
RTS
CTS
RI
N/A = Not Applicable
I/O
N/C
O
I
N/C
N/A
N/C
I
O
N/C
Description
Carrier Detect
Receive Data
Transmit Data
Data Terminal Ready
Signal Ground
Data Set Ready
Request to Send
Clear to Send
Ring Indicator
N/C = Not Connected
Table D-B
RJ-45 ISDN
ISDN
Pin 4
Pin 5
Ring
Tip
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 143
Appendix D: Connector Pinouts
10BT
PHONE
Pin 3
Pin 4
Pin 1
Pin 2
Pin 3
Pin 6
Table D-C
RJ-11 POTS
Ring
Tip
Table D-D
10BaseT Ethernet
Switch Position
TO NIC
TX1
TO HUB
RX1
TX2
RX1
RX2
RX2
TX1
TX2
The switch position can be set for either TO NIC or TO HUB on the back panel of the
Express L128/L128T. The rear panel is illustrated in Figure 1-7 on page 18.
144 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Appendix E
Terminal Mode Commands
The Express L128/L128T supports a command line interface. All menu options are configurable and readable from the terminal mode. Additional commands are also available.
Menu Commands
Every menu item in the menu structure can be accessed through the terminal mode interface. Terminal commands are as follows: top_menu sub_menu1 sub_menu2 … config_item
Each config_item is entered as shown below.
TYPE: string password
IP address
Hex enum unsigned date time date/time activator list array
ENTERED AS: printable characters within double quotes printable characters within double quotes xx.xx.xx.xx (0..9) separated by ‘.’ xx:xx:xx:xx (0..9,a..f) separated by ‘:’ sub-string or [#index] digits (0..9) mm-dd-yyyy hh:mm:ss mm-dd-yyyy hh:mm:ss read only followed by index with first record being 1 followed by index with first record being 1
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 145
Appendix E: Terminal Mode Commands info snmp maint dial status test logs util isdn pots ip ipx bridge security connect telnet
One of the following key words must be used first:
Goes directly to ConÞguration/System Info menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/WAN/ISDN menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/WAN/POTS menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/IP menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/IPX menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/Bridge menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/Security menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/Connection List menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/Management/Telnet menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/Management/SNMP menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/Management/Maint menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/Dial menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/Status menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/Test menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/Logs menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/Utilities menu.
146
Some examples are listed below: isdn spid_1 20555512340101 telnet user 1 name ÒguestÓ dial 3 dial status ip 1 gateway sets spid 1 sets user name for telnet user list entry 1 to “guest” dials the numbers for connection list profile number 3 returns the gateway address for IP route table entry 1
Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Appendix E: Terminal Mode Commands
Additional Commands
Other commands available from the terminal mode are given below: save mac version reset exit download
Saves the configuration to non-volatile RAM (flash).
Returns the MAC address for the Express L128/L128T.
Returns the firmware version and routing stack version.
Resets the unit.
Leaves terminal mode and returns to menus.
Downloads complete configuration to the terminal screen for capture.
Download/Uploading Configuration
The Express L128/L128T’s configuration can be captured to a text file using the download command. The text file can be edited if required. Upload of the configuration can be accomplished by sending the text file to the Express
L128/L128T in terminal mode. A baud rate of 9600 is strongly recommended when uploading. As soon as the upload has been completed, type “save” to save the new configuration to flash. A “reset” command or power cycle 10 seconds after the save command is recommended to ensure that the new configuration is complete.
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 147
Appendix E: Terminal Mode Commands
148 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Appendix F
Frame Relay Firmware Version
The L128/L128T can be used with Frame Relay if you obtain the appropriate firmware by calling ADTRAN Technical Support at the number listed in the back of this manual.
Configuration/Frame Relay
Figure F-01 shows the Configuration/Frame Relay menu that appears when using this firmware. The additional menu choices available with this option are described following the figure.
61202.070L1-1
Figure F-01
Configuration/Frame Relay Screen
Express L128/L128T User Manual 149
Appendix F: Frame Relay Firmware Version
150
Frame Relay/Maintenance Protocol
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
The Frame Relay maintenance protocol is used on the WAN port. The maintenance protocol is used to send link status and virtual circuit information between Frame Relay switches and other devices (such as routers) that communicate with them. Possible choices are listed below.
Annex D (def) - This is an ANSI standard and is the most commonly used standard in the US.
Annex A - This is the CCITT European standard.
LMI - This was developed by a vendor consortium and is also known as the “consortium” management interface specification. It is still used by some carriers in the U.S.
Static - This should be selected when there is no Frame Relay switch in the circuit. The DLCIs are assigned in the DLCI Mapping and must be the same for the device it will communicate with.
Frame Relay/Polling Frequency
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
This parameter is the interval that the Express L128/L128T polls the Frame Relay switch using the maintenance protocol selected above. The Express L128/
L128T is required to poll the Frame Relay switch periodically to determine whether the link is active. The value is in seconds and ranges from 5 to 30 seconds with a default of 15 seconds.
Frame Relay/DLCI Mapping
This menu allows each DLCI to be mapped to a particular Frame Relay maintenance protocol. Each protocol parameter can be individually configured for each DLCI. By factory default, the DLCI map is empty.
When empty and a maintenance protocol other than static is used, the Express
L128/L128T will poll the switch to determine which DLCIs are active. These active DLCIs will attempt to determine the IP and IPX addresses on the other end of the virtual circuit using Inverse ARP (IARP). If there is a response, the network learned will be added to the router tables and the virtual circuit will be treated as an unnumbered interface. Bridge mode is not attemped in this case.
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When more than one DLCI mapping is listed, the Express L128/L128T will try to match the DLCIs learned from the Frame Relay switch with the DLCI values in the map. If there is a match, the protocols specified in the map are used.
However, if an active DLCI is not in the list it looks for an entry that has 0 in the DLCI field. This entry is considered the default entry to use when no match occurs. If this default entry is not present, the Express L128/L128T falls back to using IARP as in the previous paragraph to determine the protocols to use with that particular virtual circuit. If a static maintenance protocol is used, at least one DLCI mapping must be specified.
To insert a new profile, press the I key when over the Num column. A new inserted profile will always be set up with the default parameters. To copy parameters from an old profile to this newly inserted profile, use the copy (C) and paste (P) keys. Entire configuration trees can be copied with this method.
To delete an unused profile, use the D key when the cursor is over the number in the
Num column. Once deleted, the profile is gone permanently as soon as the DLCI Mapping is saved. Items may be deleted when DEL appears below the status bar.
DLCI Mapping/Active
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
When this parameter is set to Yes (def), the mapping is used to determine the protocols used. If set to No, the Express L128/L128T will ignore the virtual circuit with this DLCI.
DLCI Mapping/DLCI
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
This is the DLCI associated with this virtual circuit. This value can range from
16 to 1007.
DLCI Mapping/IP Map
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
This menu represents the IP protocol mapping that is to take place for this DL-
CI.
IP Map/Active
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
When this is set to Yes (def), the Express L128/L128T will attempt to transport
IP packets for this DLCI. A setting of No means that no IP traffic or route will be exchanged.
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IP Map/IARP
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
When this is set to Yes (def), the Express L128/L128T will send Inverse ARP packets in order to determine the IP address on the other end of the virtual circuit. If the IARP is responded to, a route is placed in the IP route table. A setting of No means that the route address is to be assigned statically using the
IP Map/Far-End IP Address parameter. The Express L128/L128T will always respond to Inverse ARP requests.
IP Map/Far-End IP Address
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
This is the IP address of the device on the other end of the virtual circuit.
When this DLCI becomes active, the Express L128/L128T will add a route in the IP routing table.
IP Map/IP Netmask
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
The IP network mask to apply to the Far-End IP Address and Link IP Address is specified here.
IP Map/Link IP Address
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
The virtual circuit may require an IP address to be specified at this DLCI interface. This is called a numbered interface. This address is used by the Express
L128/L128T to respond to Inverse ARP requests. If this IP address is left as
0.0.0.0, the link is treated as unnumbered and the Express L128/L128T responds to the Inverse ARP with its Ethernet IP address.
IP Map/RIP Protocol
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
The RIP protocol can be specified per DLCI. The possible selections are Off
(meaning no RIP packets are listened to or sent), V1 (def) (which is RIP version
1) or V2 (which is RIP version 2).
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IP Map/RIP Method
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
The way the RIP protocol sends out its advertisements is specified here:
None - All routes in the router table are advertised out this virtual circuit with no modification of the metrics.
Split Horizon (def) - Only routes not learned from this particular virtual circuit are advertised.
Poison Reverse - All routes are advertised, but the routes learned from this port are “poisoned” with an infinite metric.
IP Map/RIP Direction
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
This parameter allows the direction at which RIP advertisements are sent and listened to be specified.
Tx and Rx (def) - RIP advertisements are periodically transmitted and are listened to on this virtual circuit.
Tx Only - RIP advertisements are periodically transmitted but are not listened to on this virtual circuit.
Rx Only - RIP is not transmitted on this virtual circuit but they are listened to.
IP Map/NAT
The Express L128/L128T can perform Network Address Translation over a
PVC. Setting this option to On will cause the Express L128/L128T to translate between the Ethernet addresses and the configured Link IP Address. Only one PVC may be used for translation at one time. If more than one IP Map is configured for NAT, the first PVC which is activated becomes the NAT port.
DLCI Mapping/IPX Map
This menu represents the IPX protocol mapping that is to take place for this
DLCI.
IPX Map/Active
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
When this is set to Yes (def), the Express L128/L128T will attempt to transport
IPX packets for this DLCI. A setting of No means that no IPX traffic or route will be exchanged.
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154
IPX Map/IARP
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
When this is set to Yes (def), the Express L128/L128T will send Inverse ARP packets to determine the IPX network on the other end of the virtual circuit. If the IARP is responded to, a route is placed in the IPX route table. A setting of
No means that the IPX network is to be assigned to the link statically using the
IPX Map/Link Network parameter. The Express L128/L128T will always respond to Inverse ARP requests.
IPX Map/Link Network
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
This is the IPX network of the link or of the other device’s LAN. When this
DLCI becomes active, the Express L128/L128T will add a route to this network in the IPX routing table. This address is also used by the Express L128/L128T to respond to Inverse ARP requests. If this IPX address is left as 0, the link is treated as unnumbered and the Express L128/L128T responds to the Inverse
ARP with its Ethernet IPX address.
DLCI Mapping/Bridge Map
This menu is used to permit bridging of packets over this DLCI. Each DLCI or virtual circuit must be assigned a bridge group. The bridge group treats all virtual circuits as one circuit. Bridge packets destined to be transmitted out a particular bridge group are copied and transmitted individually out each
DLCI in the bridge group. However, incoming bridge packets received from one DLCI are not retransmitted out the other DLCIs in the same bridge group.
Any device in the bridge group must transmit to each DLCI. This requires a fully meshed circuit, meaning each device has a virtual circuit to each other.
Bridge Map/Active
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
When this is set to Yes (def), the Express L128/L128T will bridge packets to and from this DLCI. Bridge packets are any packets that are not IP or IPX packets except when the router is turned off, in which case that particular router’s protocol packets are bridged. A setting of No means that no bridging will occur.
Bridge Map/Bridge Group
Write security: 3, Read security: 5
The bridge group that this DLCI is part of is specified here as Group 1 or
Group 2 . These groups correspond to the spanning tree protocols Bridge
Group 1 and Bridge Group 2.
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DLCI Mapping/Filters
The Express L128/L128T can block packets in and out of a PVC port by use of the filters. They are set up in two steps: 1) define the types of packets that would be of interest in the Configuration/Security/Filter Defines menu, and
2) set up the filter type and combination of defines that will cause a packet block.
Filters/In from PVC
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The packets which come into the Express L128/L128T via this PVC can be filtered in three ways:
Disabled (def) - Turns off packet input filtering. No incoming packets from this PVC are blocked.
Block All - All incoming packets from this PVC are blocked except as defined in the Filters/In Exceptions list.
Forward All - All incoming packets from this PVC are not blocked except as defined in the Filters/In Exceptions list.
Filters/In Exceptions
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is a list of up to 32 filter entries which can be combined using the operations field. The operations are performed in the order they appear on the list.
Active - Turns this entry active when set to On.
Type - Selects the filter define list to reference:
MAC from the Configuration/Security/Filter
Defines/MAC Filter Defines list.
Pattern
IP
IPX the
Defines/Pattern Filter Defines list.
the
Defines/IP Filter Defines list.
the
Defines/IPX Filter Defines list.
Filter List Name - Selects between filters defined in the list.
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Next Oper - The next operation to use to combine with the next filter in the list:
END
AND
OR
the last filter to combination.
logically AND this filter with the next filter in the list.
logically OR this filter with the next filter in the list.
Filters/Out to PVC
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The packets which transmit out this PVC from the Express L128/L128T can be filtered in three ways:
Disabled (def) - Turns off packet output filtering. No outgoing packets to this PVC are blocked.
Block All - All outgoing packets to this PVC are blocked except as defined in the Filters/Out Exceptions list.
Forward All - All outgoing packets to this PVC are not blocked except as defined in the Filters/Out Exceptions list.
Filters/Out Exceptions
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is a list of up to 32 filter entries. The setup is exactly the same as the Filter/
In Exceptions list.
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Status/Sessions
Figure F-02 shows the Status/Sessions menu that appears when using the
Frame Relay firmware. The additional menu choices available with this option are described following the figure.
Figure F-02
Status/Sessions Screen (with Frame Relay)
Sessions/PPP Session
Read security: 5
This menu reflects the results of PPP negotiations, user name, time connected, and data rates for the session.
PPP Links - Reflects LCP layer active
BCP - Shows UP if PPP Bridge Control Protocol has negotiated successfully
IPCP - Shows UP if PPP IP Control Protocol has negotiated successfully
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IPXCP - Shows UP if PPP IPX Control Protocol has negotiated successfully
User - Displays the user name of the PPP peer
Number(s) - Shows the phone number dialed if outgoing call or caller
ID if incoming call.
Connect Time - Shows the date and time when the call last connected.
Up Time - Displays how long the call has been connected.
Tx Pkts - Number of packets transmitted
Rx Pkts - Number of packets received
Tx Bytes - Number of bytes transmitted
Rx Bytes - Number of bytes received
Tx Rate - Current application data transmission rate
Rx Rate - Current application data reception rate
Tx Link Rate - Current actual data transmission rate
Rx Link Rate - Current actual data reception rate
Sessions/DLCI Table
The status of all virtual circuits is displayed here.
DLCI - The DLCI that is associated with this virtual circuit.
State - The state of the virtual circuit:
Inactive - means the circuit exists but has been deactivated by the Frame Relay switch.
Exists - means the circuit exists at this point and should be activated soon.
Active - means the circuit is fully active.
Off - means the circuit has been turned of by the DLCI mapping active selection.
Tx Frames - Number of Frame Relay packets that have been transmitted via this DLCI.
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Rx Frames - Number of Frame Relay packets that have been received via this DLCI.
Tx Bytes - Number of Frame Relay bytes that have been transmitted via this DLCI.
Rx Bytes - Number of Frame Relay bytes that have been received via this DLCI.
IP SubIfc - The IP router port assigned for this DLCI.
Possible ports are fr0, fr1, … , fr9. None means that this DLCI not used for routing IP.
IPX SubIfc - The IPX router port assigned for this DLCI.
Possible ports are fr0, fr1, … , fr9. None means that this DLCI not used for routing IPX.
Bridge Group - The bridge group that this DLCI belongs to
(Group 1 or Group 2). None means that this DLCI is not used for bridging.
Sessions/Spanning Tree
Read security: 5
This option was discussed in the section Call Sessions/Spanning Tree on page 92.
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Glossary
10Base2
IEEE 802.3 specification, similar to Ethernet, using thin coaxial cable that runs at 10 Mbps, with a maximum distance of 185 meters per segment. Also known as Thin Ethernet or Thinwire Ethernet.
10BaseT
IEEE 802.3 specification, using unshielded twisted-pair cabling and running at
10 Mbps.
AEP
AppleTalk Echo Protocol. Allows a node on an AppleTalk network to send a packet to another node and in return, receive an echoed copy of the packet.
B-Channel
64 kbps bearer channel used for voice, circuit, or packet switched data.
bearer service
As defined by CCITT standards, a type of telecommunication service that provides the capability for the transmission of information between user-to-network interfaces. Bearer services defined for ISDN are circuit mode and packet mode.
BOOTP
The Bootstrap Protocol allows a network node to determine certain startup information such as its IP address.
Bridge
A data communications device that connects two or more networks. A bridge stores and forwards complete packets between the networks. Bridges operate at the data-link layer of the OSI model.
CCITT
Consultative Committee on International Telephony and Telegraphy. A body of the International Telegraph Union (ITU) which prepares recommendations, commonly referred to as international standards, to resolve technical telegraph and telephone problems.
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Glossary central office (CO)
In telephony, the phone company switching facility or center, usually a Class
5 end office, at which subscribers local loops terminate. Handles a specific geographic area, identified by the first three digits of the local telephone number. Usually the facilities of the local BOC.
CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detect. A channel access mechanism where devices check the channel for a carrier before transmitting. If no carrier is sensed for the specified period of time, the device can transmit. If two devices transmit at once, a collision occurs and is detected by all colliding devices. This collision subsequently delays their retransmissions for a random length of time. CSMA/CD is used by Ethernet and IEEE 802.3.
D-channel
The ISDN channel that carriers signalling information to control the call setup, teardown, or invocation of supplementary services. The D-Channel may also be used to provide packet mode data service.
DDS
Dataphone Digital Service. AT&T private line service for transmitting data over a digital system. The digital transmission system transmits electrical signals directly, instead of translating the signals into tones of varied frequencies as with traditional analog transmission systems. Digital techniques provide more efficient use of transmission facilities, resulting in lower error rates and costs than analog systems.
digital hub
Designated office where DDS channels are interconnected and where synchronous network timing, testing access, and additional service features are provided.
Ethernet
A local area network used for connecting computers, printers, workstations, a terminals, servers, etc., within the same building or campus. Ethernet operates over twisted wire and coaxial cable at speeds up to 10 Mbps. Ethernet specifies a CSMA/CD. four-wire circuits
Telephone lines using two wires for transmitting and two wires for receiving, offering much higher quality than a 2-wire circuit. All long distance circuits are 4-wire. Almost all local phone lines and analog phones are 2-wire. group 4
A high-speed (56 kbps) facsimile protocol specific to ISDN.
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Glosssary hop count
A routing metric used to measure the distance between a source and a destination. Particularly used by RIP.
hub
(1) Communications center, (2) Major routing station for connecting channels,
(3) DDS connecting center.
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. Professional organization that defines network standards. IEEE LAN standards are the predominant LAN standards today and include protocols similar or virtually equivalent to Ethernet and Token Ring.
IEEE 802.1d
An algorithm used to prevent bridging loops by creating a spanning tree.
IEEE 802.2
An IEEE LAN protocol that specifies an implementation of the LLC sublayer of the data link layer. It handles errors, framing, flow control, network layer
(Layer 3) service interface, and is used in LANs.
IEEE 802.3
A physical layer standard specifying a linear bus network LAN with a CSMA/
CD access method on a bus topology. Ethernet follows the 802.3 standard, transmitting at 10 megabits per second. This is the most common local area network specification. Physical variations of IEEE 802.3 include 10Base2 and
10BaseT.
in-band signalling
Signalling made up of tones which pass within the voice frequency band and are carried along the same circuit as the talk path being established by the signals. Virtually all signalling (request for service, dialing, disconnect, etc.) in the U.S. is in-band signalling. Most of that signalling is MF (Multi-Frequency) dialing. The more modern form of signalling is out-of-band.
interexchange carrier
Since divestiture, any carrier registered with the FCC authorized to carry customer transmissions between LATAs interstate, or if approved by a state public utility commission, intrastate. Includes carriers such as AT&T
Communications, Satellite Business Systems, GTE Telenet, GTE Sprint, and
MCI.
information element
The name for the data fields within an ISDN Layer 3 message.
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Glossary interworking
Communication between two types of networks or end equipment. This may or may not involve a difference in signalling or protocol elements supported.
Internet Protocol
A TCP/IP protocol describing software that tracks the Internet address of nodes, routes outgoing message, and recognizes incoming messages. Used in gateways to connect networks at OSI network Level 3 and above.
IPX
Internetwork Packet Exchange. A Novell NetWare protocol used to move information across networks.
ISDN jabber
An error condition in which a network device continually transmits garbage onto the network. In IEEE 802.3, a data packet whose length exceeds that prescribed in the standard.
jitter
Integrated Services Digital Network. A network architecture that enables endto-end digital connections. The network supports diverse services through integrated access arrangements and defines a limited set of standard, multipurpose interfaces for equipment vendors, network providers, and customers.
Interworking with a public switched telephone network is retained.
The slight movement of a transmission signal in time or phase that can introduce errors and loss of synchronization for high-speed synchronous communications. See phase jitter.
LATA
Local Access and Transport Area. One of 161 local telephone serving areas in the United States, generally encompassing the largest standard statistical metropolitan areas. Subdivisions established as a result of the AT&T divestiture that now distinguish local from long distance service. Circuits with both endpoints within the LATA (intraLATA) are generally the sole responsibility of the local telephone company, while circuits that cross outside the LATA (interLATA) are passed on to an interexchange carrier.
loopback
A diagnostic procedure where data is sent to the device being tested, and the output of the device is fed directly back to its input, looped around, and the returning data is checked against that which was sent.
Media Access Control (MAC)
As defined by the IEEE, the lower of the two sublayers of the OSI reference model data link layer. The MAC sublayer is concerned with media access issues, such as whether token passing or contention is used.
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Glosssary message
The Layer 3 information that is passed between the CPE and SPCS for signalling.
multipoint line
A communications line having multiple cable access points.
Name Binding Protocol (NBP)
The AppleTalk transport-level protocol that translates a character string name into the internet address of the corresponding socket client; NBP enables AppleTalk protocols to understand user-defined zones and device names by providing and maintaining translation tables that map these names to corresponding socket addresses.
NAT
Network Address Translation occurs at the borders of stub domains. Its purpose is to translate the IP address of passing packets by changing all references of one IP address to another. Translation is performed as per RFC 1631.
netmask
A 32-bit bit mask which shows how an Internet address is to be divided into network, subnet, and host parts. The netmask has ones in the bit positions in the 32-bit address which are to be used for the network and subnet parts, and zeros for the host part. The mask should contain at least the standard network portion (as determined by the address's class), and the subnet field should be contiguous with the network portion. non-ISDN line
Any connection from a CPE to a SPCS that is not served by D-Channel signalling.
non-ISDN trunk
Any trunk not served by either SS7 or D-Channel signalling.
NT1
Network Termination 1. A unit that provides physical and electromagnetic termination of the U-interface 2-wire transmission line, converts between Layer 1 formats used at the U- and T- reference points, and performs some maintenance functions.
phase jitter
In telephony, the measurement in degrees out-of-phase that an analog signal deviates from the reference phase of the main data-carrying signal. Often caused by alternating current components in a telecommunications network.
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Glossary point-to-point protocol (PPP)
An implementation of TCP/IP which is intended for transmission using telephone lines. PPP provides router-to-router and host-to-network connections over both synchronous and asynchronous circuits.
poison routes
Routes which have an infinite metric which to other routers means the network for the route is inaccessible.
PRA
Primary Rate Access. Connects high-capacity CPE, such as PBXs, to the network. In the US, this is composed of twenty-three 64 kbps channels and one
64 kbps D-channel. Also known as Primary Rate Interface (PRI).
RIP
Routing Information Protocol. A protocol used to exchange routing information among a set of computers connected by a LAN. RIP uses hop counts as a routing metric.
router
An interface which finds the best route between two networks. Routers forward packets from one network to another, based on network layer information.
routing metric
The method by which a routing algorithm determines one route is better than another. This information is stored in routing tables. Such tables include reliability, delay bandwidth, load, MTUs, communication costs, and hop count.
RS-232-C
An EIA-specified physical interface with associated electrical signalling between DCE and DTE. The most commonly employed interface between computer devices and modems.
RTMP
Routing Table Maintenance Protocol. The AppleTalk protocol used to establish and maintain the routing information that is required by internet routers in order to route datagrams from any source socket to any destination socket in the internet. Using RTMP, internet routers dynamically maintain routing tables to reflect changes in internet topology.
service advertising protocol (SAP)
An IPX protocol through which network resources such as servers become known to clients.
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Glosssary serving area
Region surrounding a broadcasting station where signal strength is at or above a stated minimum. The geographic area handled by a telephone central office facility. Generally equivalent to a LATA.
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol. SNMP provides a means to monitor and set network configuration and runtime parameters.
spanning tree
A loop-free subset of the topology of a network.
SPCS
Stored Program Controlled Switch. A digital switch that supports call control, routing, and supplementary services provision under software control. All
ISDN switches are SPCSs.
spoofing
Spoofing reduces the required bandwidth by having devices, such as bridges or routers, answer for the remote devices. This causes the remote LAN to appear as if it is still connected to the LAN device even though it is not. The spoofing saves the WAN bandwidth, because no packet is ever sent out on the
WAN.
synchronous
(1) The condition occurring when two events happen in a specific time relationship with each other, both under control of a master clock; (2) A method of data transmission requiring the transmission of timing pulses to keep the sender and receiver synchronized in their communication used to send blocks of information. Synchronous data transmission is used in high speed data circuits because there is less overhead than asynchronous transmission of characters which contain two extra bits per character to effect timing.
T1
Also T-1. A digital transmission link with a capacity of 1.544 Mbps. T1 uses two pairs of normal twisted wires. T1 normally can handle 24 voice conversations with each conversation being digitized at 64 kbps. With more advanced digital voice encoding techniques, it can handle more voice channels. T1 is a standard for digital transmission in North America.
TA
Terminal Adaptor. A DCE that connects to the ISDN S-Interface and enables non-ISDN terminal equipment to communicate over the ISDN.
TE1
Terminal Equipment Type 1. ISDN-compatible terminals.
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Glossary
Telnet
The TCP/IP standard protocol for remote terminal connection service. Telnet allows a user at one site to interact with a remote timesharing system at another site as if the user's terminal were connected directly to the remote machine.
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. A set of protocols developed by the Department of Defense to link dissimilar computers across many kinds of networks.
twisted pair
Two wires twisted around each other to reduce induction (interference) from one wire to the other. Several sets of twisted pair wires may be enclosed in a single cable. Twisted pair is the normal cabling from a central office to your home or office, or from your PBX to your office phone. Twisted pair wiring comes in various thicknesses. As a general rule, the thicker the cable is, the better the quality of the conversation and the longer cable can be and still get acceptable conversation quality. However, the thicker it is, the more it costs.
2B+D
The Basic Rate Interface (BRI) in ISDN. A single ISDN circuit divided into two
64 kbps digital channels for voice or data and one 16 kbps channel for low speed data (up to 9,600 baud) and signalling. 2B+D is carried on one or two pairs of wires depending on the interface, the same wire pairs that today bring a single voice circuit into your home or office. See ISDN.
23B+D
In ISDN, also known as the Primary Rate Interface. A circuit with a wide range of frequencies that is divided in twenty-three 64 kbps paths for carrying voice, data, video, or other information simultaneously. It bears a remarkable similarity to today’s T1 link, except that T1 carries 24 voice channels. In ISDN,
23B+D gives twenty-three channels and one D channel for out-of-band signalling. However, in T1, signalling is handled in-band. See ISDN.
two-wire circuit
A transmission circuit composed of two wires, signal and ground, used to both send and receive information. In contrast, a 4-wire circuit consists of two pairs. One pair is used to send and one pair is used to receive. All trunk circuits (long distance) are 4-wire. A 4-wire circuit delivers better reception, but also costs more. All local loop circuits (those coming from a Class 5 central office to the subscriber’s phone system) are 2-wire, unless a 4-wire circuit is requested.
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Glosssary
U-interface
A twisted pair subscriber loop that connects the NT1 reference point to the
ISDN network, as defined in the I.411 Recommendation. This interface provides Basic Rate Access with an operating frequency of 160 kbps and an information rate of 144 kbps. Under U.S. regulations, this also marks the line of demarcation between customer-owned equipment and the public network.
ZIP
Zone Information Protocol. The AppleTalk session-layer protocol used to maintain and discover the internet-wide mapping of network number ranges to zone names.
Zombie Routes
Routes that have been identified by the router to be deleted. They remain in the router’s route table for a specified amount of time with an infinite metric so that all other routers will learn of this router’s intention to delete them.
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Glossary
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Acronyms
AEP ................... AppleTalk Echo Protocol
AMI ................... Alternate Mark Inversion
ARP ................... Address Resolution Protocol
B (Channel) .... A 64 kbps digital information channel
BCP ................... Bridge Control Protocol
BONDING ...... Bandwidth On Demand Interoperability Group
BOOTP ............. Bootstrap Protocol
BPDU ................ Bridging Protocol Data Unit bps ..................... Bits per second
Bps .................... Bytes per second
BRI .................... Basic Rate Interface
CA ..................... Call Appearance
CCP ................... Compression Control Protocol
CCITT ............... Consultative Committee for International Telegraphy and
Telephony
CD ..................... Carrier Detect
CPE .................... Customer Premises Equipment
CRC ................... Cyclic Redundancy Check
CSMA/CD ........ Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detect
DHCP ............... Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DMS .................. Digital Multiplex Switching
DTE ................... Data Terminal Equipment
DTMF ............... Dual Tone Multi-Frequency
EKTS ................. Electronic Key Telephone Service
ESS .................... Electronic Switching System
FAX ................... Facsimile
FEBE .................. Far End Block Errors
FTP .................... File Transfer Protocol
ICMP ................ Internet Control Message Protocol
ID ...................... Identification
IETF .................. Internet Engineering Task Force
I/O ..................... Input/Output
IP ....................... Internet Protocol
IPCP .................. Internet Protocol Control Protocol
IPX ..................... Internetwork Packet Exchange
I 2 L ...................... Integrated Injected Logic
IEC .................... Inter-Exchange Carrier
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 171
Acronyms
ISDN ..................Integrated Services Digital Network
ISO .....................International Standardization Organization
ISP ......................Internet Service Provider kbps ...................Kilobits per second kHz ....................Kilohertz
LAN ...................Local Area Network
LCP ....................Link Control Protocol
LDN ...................Local Directory Number
MAC ..................Media Access Control
MIB ....................Management Information Base
MP ......................Multilink Protocol
MRU ..................Maximum Receivable Unit
MRRU ...............Maximum Receivable Reconstructable Unit
NBP ....................Name Binding Protocol
NEBE .................Near End Block Errors
NIC ....................Network Interface Card
NI-1 ....................National ISDN-1
NT ......................Network Termination
PBX ....................Private Branch Exchange
PC .......................Personal Computer
PING ..................Packet InterNet Groper
POTS .................Plain Old Telephone Service
PPP ....................Point-to-Point Protocol
PRI .....................Primary Rate Interface
RFC ....................Request For Comments
RIP ....................Routing Information Packet, Routing Information Protocol
RTMF ................Routing Table Maintenance Protocol
SAP ....................Service Advertising Protocol
SNMP ................ Simple Network Monitoring Protocol
SPCS ..................Stored Program Controlled Switching System
SPID ..................Service Profile Identifier
TCP ....................Transmission Control Protocol
TEI ......................Terminal Endpoint Identifier
TFTP ..................Trivial File Transfer Protocol
UDP ...................User Datagram Protocol
WAN ..................Wide Area Network
ZIP ......................Zone Information Protocol
172 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Numerics
10-base-T interface 144
56K 76
64K 76
A address table 55 address table/aging 55 address table/forward policy 55 agent 139, 140 applications multiple users to ISP using NAT 10 single user to corporate LAN 8 single user to ISP using NAT 9
SOHO to corporate LAN 11 area code 37
ARP cache 92
AT&T 5ESS 37 audio 76 authentication 56, 64 with Express L128/L128T as authenticatee 65 with Express L128/L128T as authenticator 64 authentication/call ID 1 67 authentication/call ID 2 67 authentication/caller ID 66 authentication/Rx password 66 authentication/Rx username 66 authentication/Tx method 65 authentication/Tx password 66 authentication/Tx username 66 autospid 37
B
B1 and B2 bearer channel status
messages 119
BACP 74 bandwidth 77 bandwidth on demand 13 bandwidth/idle timeout 77 bandwidth/lower threshold 78 bandwidth/max channels 78 bandwidth/min channels 78 bandwidth/mode 77 bandwidth/on demand 77 bandwidth/preempt time 77 bandwidth/samples 78 bandwidth/upper threshold 78
BAP 19, 74 basic telephone service 22 baud rate 86 bridge 72 bridge map/active 154 bridge map/bridge group 154 bridge menu 15, 50 bridge table 93 bridge/address table 55 bridge/mode 50, 72 bridge/spanning tree 52 bridge/WAN IP bridge 50
Index
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 173
Index bridge/WAN IPX bridge bridging
C
13 demand 12
51 concurrent routing and bridging 15 call log 100 call log messages 125 call log/active 100 call log/clear 101 call log/level 101 call log/view 101 call log/wrap 101 call sessions 90 call sessions/session1 and session2 91 call sessions/spanning tree 92 call type 75 call waiting 23 caller ID 66 channel rate 38
CHAP 58, 66 clock mode 38 command line interface 145 command prompt mode 87 commands 147 communities 141 communities/manager IP 85 communities/name 85 communities/privilege 85 compression 74 concurrent routing and bridging 15 conferencing calls 23 configuration 20 downloading/uploading 147 configuration menu 27, 34 configuration/bridge 50 configuration/connection list 63 configuration/IP 40 configuration/IPX 47
174
D data bits 86 date/time 35 default gateway 41 demand bridging 12 demand dial filters 81 demand routing 12
DHCP mode 43 dial 15, 37
Express L128/L128T User Manual configuration/management 83 configuration/management menu 83 configuration/security 56 configuration/system info 34 configuration/terminal mode 87 configuration/WAN 36 configuration/WAN screen 149 connecting to the Internet 19 connection
ISDN 18
LAN 21 telephone 22 connection list 13, 15, 56, 63 connection list profile deleting 64, 151 inserting 63 connection list/active 64 connection list/authentication 64 connection list/bandwidth 77 connection list/bridge 72 connection list/description 64 connection list/dial out 75 connection list/filters 79 connection list/IP 67 connection list/IPX 70 connection list/PPP 73 connection list/probe 72 connector pinouts 143 corporate LAN 3, 8, 11 customer premises wiring 23
61202.070L1-1
Index dial line 36 dial line/area code 37 dial line/ExpertISDN 36 dial line/LDN 1 or 2 38 dial line/SPID 1 37 dial line/switch protocol 37 dial menu 27, 88 dial out 75 dial out/attempts 77 dial out/call type 75 dial out/connection timeout 76 dial out/delay 76 dial out/initial channels 77 dial out/number 1 75 dial out/number 2 75 dial out/redial at 56K 76 dial self 98 dial/channels 89 dial/description 88 dial/dial 88 dial/hang up 89 dial/number 1 89 dial/number 2 89 dial/status 89 display 116
DLCI mapping 150
DLCI mapping/active 151
DLCI mapping/bridge map 154
DLCI mapping/DLCI 151
DLCI Mapping/filters 155
DLCI mapping/IP map 151
DLCI mapping/IPX map 153
DLCI table 158
DMS-100 37
DNS 44
DNS server 44
DNS/domain name 44
DNS/server 1 44
DNS/server 2 45 domain name 44
61202.070L1-1 download/uploading configuration 147
DTMF keypad 22
E
EAP 58, 66 echo request 98
EIA-232 interface 143 embedded agent 140 environmental specifications 116
Ethernet interface 144
Ethernet interface (LAN) 115
ExpertISDN 1, 22, 36
Express L128/L128T overview 7
F factory default 12 features 115
FEBE 39 filter defines 59 filter defines /IP filter defines 60 filter defines /IPX filter defines 61 filter defines /MAC filter defines 59 filter defines /pattern filter defines 60 filters 155 setting up 59, 79 filters/dem dial exceptions 82 filters/demand dial 81 filters/in exceptions 80, 155 filters/In from PVC 155 filters/LAN-to-WAN (out) 80 filters/out exceptions 81, 156 filters/Out to PVC 156 filters/WAN-to-LAN (in) 79 firmware 149 firmware revision 35 flash-hook 23 forward delay 53 frame relay 149, 157
Express L128/L128T User Manual 175
Index frame relay/DLCI mapping 150 frame relay/maintenance protocol 150 frame relay/polling frequency 150 frame type 48 front panel 16
G
GetNextRequest 140
H
I hang up 14 hang-up 13 hello time 53 idle timeout 13
IETF 19 if the Express L128/L128T does not read ready 107 if you are unable to connect calls 113 indicators
LAN 16 test 17
WAN 17 installation 21 interface
Ethernet 115 network 115
POTS (dual) 115 internet connecting to 19 internet access using NAT 2 internet service provider connecting 2 interoperability 19
IP filter defines 60
IP map/active 151
IP map/far-end IP address 152
176 Express L128/L128T User Manual
IP map/IARP 152
IP map/IP netmask 152
IP map/link IP address 152
IP Map/NAT 153
IP map/RIP direction 153
IP map/RIP method 153
IP map/RIP protocol 152
IP menu 40
IP router 12, 42
IP router/mode 42
IP routes 93
IP routing 14
IP stats 96
IP/default gateway 41
IP/DNS 44
IP/IP address 40
IP/IP router 42
IP/mode 67
IP/NAT 43, 67
IP/proxy ARP 46
IP/RIP 42, 69
IP/route 67
IP/static routes 41
IP/subnet mask 40
IP/UDP relay 45
IPX filter defines 61
IPX map/active 153
IPX map/IARP 154
IPX map/link network 154
IPX menu 47
IPX protocol 5
IPX router 12
IPX routes 94
IPX routing 15
IPX servers 95
IPX/frame type 48
IPX/mode 47, 70
IPX/network 47
IPX/remote network 70
IPX/retain 71
61202.070L1-1
IPX/RIP timer 48
IPX/SAP timer 49
IPX/seed status 48
IPX/triggered 70
IPX/type 20 packets 71
ISDN connection 18 network connection 21 ordering 19 overview 7 setting up the line 1
ISDN line selecting mode 36
ISDN/dial line 36
ISDN/FEBEs 39
ISDN/leased line 38
ISDN/NEBEs 38
ISP 19
L
LAN bridge 11
LAN connection 21
LAN indicators 16
LAN port 53
LAN port/active 53
LAN port/path cost 54
LAN port/priority 54
LAN stats 96
LDN 38 leased line 38 leased line/channel rate 38 leased line/clock mode 38
LEDs 17 log messages 121 logs menu 29, 99 logs/call log 100 logs/network log 101 logs/PPP log 99 logs/sys log host 99 loop status messages 117
61202.070L1-1
Index
M
MAC addresses 11
MAC bridging 12
MAC filter defines 59 maint port/baud rate 86 maint port/data bits 86 maint port/parity 87 maint port/password 86 maint port/password protect 86 maint port/stop bits 87 maintenance port 86 maintenance protocol 150 management 83 management/maint port 86 management/SNMP 85 management/Telnet 83 master mode 38 maximum age 53 menu commands 145 menu structure 27
MIB 83, 139 mode 14 multilink 73 multilink call 13 multilink/BACP 74 multilink/fragment 73 multilink/mode 73 multiprotocol routing 3
N
NAT 9, 10, 12, 43, 44
NAT mode 16
NAT/DHCP mode 43
NAT/DHCP renewal time 44
NAT/web server 44
National ISDN1 37
NEBE 38
NEC 37 network address translation (NAT)
Express L128/L128T User Manual 177
Index internet access using 2 network connection
ISDN 21 network device
GetResponse 140 network interface 115 network log 101 network log messages 134 network log/active 101 network log/clear 102 network log/level 102 network log/view 102 network log/wrap 101 network manager 139
GetRequest 140 none 43
Novell 15
IPX protocol 5
O ordering ISDN
P
19 power requirements 116
PPP 19, 58, 73
PPP log 99
PPP log messages 121
PPP log/active 100
PPP log/clear 100
PPP log/level 100
PPP log/view 100
PPP log/wrap 100
PPP peer 44
PPP/compression 74
PPP/max config 74
PPP/max failure 75
PPP/max timer 75
PPP/multilink 73
PPP/VJ compression 74 private 14 probe 72 probe/ update window 73 probe/active 72 probe/interval 72 proxy ARP 46
Q packets filtering 59
PAP 58, 66 parity 87 password 84, 86 pattern filter defines 60 physical specifications 116 ping 103 poison reverse 43, 69 polling frequency 150
POTS 12, 39
POTS interface (dual) 115
POTS/NI-1 conference FI 39
POTS/NI-1 transfer FI 39
POTS/POTS assignment 39
POTS/speech calltype routing 39
178 quick startup guide
R
1
Radius 56, 84
Radius server 57 radius server/primary server 57 radius server/retry count 58 radius server/secondary server 57 radius server/secret 57 radius server/UDP port 57 rear panel 18 redial at 56K 76 remote/home office accessing corporate LAN 3 retain 14
Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Index
RIP 12, 15, 42, 69
RIP timer 48
RIP/direction 43, 69
RIP/method 43, 69
RIP/mode 42, 69
RIP/protocol 42, 69
RIP/retain 70
RIP/triggered 69
RIP/V2 secret 43
RJ-11 interface 144
RJ-45 interface 143 route/force IP 68 route/hops 68 route/IP/net 68 route/netmask 68 route/private 68 route/static route 68 routing concurrent routing and bridging 15 demand 12
IP 14
IPX 15 multiprotocol 3 over PPP bridging 15
Rx only 43
S samples/sample rate 78 samples/samples 79 samples/time between changes 79
SAP 12, 15
SAP timer 49 security 20 security levels 33 security menu 56 security/authentication 56 security/filter defines 59 security/PPP 58 security/radius server 57
61202.070L1-1 security/when 57 seed status 48 self test if self test fails 107 sessions/DLCI table 158 sessions/PPP session 157 sessions/spanning tree 159
SetRequest 140 slave mode 38
SNMP 85, 139
SNMP access 85
SNMP/communities 85
SNMP/traps 85
SOHO (small office - home office) 11 spanning tree 52, 92, 159 spanning tree algorithm 11, 52 spanning tree/forward delay 53 spanning tree/hello time 53 spanning tree/LAN port 53 spanning tree/maximum age 53 spanning tree/mode 52 spanning tree/priority 53 spanning tree/WAN port 0 54 spanning tree/WAN port 1 54 specifications 115 environmental 116 physical 116 speech 75 speech calltype routing 39
SPID 37 split horizon 43, 69 static route 14 static routes/active 41 static routes/gateway 41 static routes/hops 41 static routes/IP address 41 static routes/private 42 static routes/subnet mask 41 status menu 29, 90 status/ARP cache 92
Express L128/L128T User Manual 179
Index status/bridge table 93 status/call sessions 90 status/IP routes 93 status/IP stats 96 status/IPX routes 94 status/IPX servers 95 status/LAN stats 96 status/sessions 157 status/sessions screen 157 status/WAN stats 95 stop bits 87 subnet mask 40 supplementary services 22 switch compatibility 115 switch position 144 switch protocol 37 system contact 35 system info menu 34 system location 34 system mame 34 system uptime 35
T telephone connection 22
Telnet 20, 83
Telnet client 104
Telnet/server access 83
Telnet/user list 84 terminal menu navigating 30 structure 27 top level 28 terminal mode 87 terminal mode commands 145 test indicators 17 test menu 29, 98 test menu/dial self 98 test menu/echo request 98
TFTP 104
180
TFTP host 104 transfer methods 104
Trap 140 traps 141 traps/manager IP 86 traps/manager name 86 troubleshooting 107 calls 113 if self test fails 107 if the Express L128/L128T does not read ready 107 if you are unable to connect calls 113
Tx and Rx 43
Tx methods 65
Tx only 43 type 20 packets 71
U
UDP port type 46
UDP relay 45
UDP relay list 45
UDP relay list/relay address 45
UDP relay list/UDP port type 45
UDP relay list/UDP ports 1, 2, 3 46
UDP relay/mode 45
UDP relay/UDP relay list 45 upgrade menu 104 upgrade/abort transfer 105 upgrade/filename 104 upgrade/start transfer 105 upgrade/status 104 upgrade/TFTP host 104 upgrade/TFTP server 105 upgrade/transfer method 104 user list 84 user list/authen method 84 user list/idle time 84 user list/level 84 user list/name 84
Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Index user list/password 84 using keyboard to navigate menu 31 utilities menu 29, 103 utilities/exit 105 utilities/ping 103 utilities/Telnet client 104 utilities/upgrade menu 104
V
VJ compression 74
W
WAN indicators 17
WAN IP bridge 50
WAN IP bridge proxy ARP 51
WAN IP bridge/netmask 51
WAN IP bridge/network 51
WAN IP bridge/triggered 51
WAN IPX bridge 51
WAN IPX bridge/frame type 52
WAN IPX bridge/network 52
WAN IPX bridge/seed status 52
WAN IPX bridge/triggered 52
WAN menu 36
WAN port 54
WAN port 0/active 54
WAN port 0/path cost 54
WAN port 0/priority 54
WAN port 1/active 55
WAN port 1/path cost 55
WAN port 1/priority 55
WAN stats 95
WAN/ISDN 36
WAN/POTS 39 wiring 23, 24, 25
X xmodem 104
61202.070L1-1 Express L128/L128T User Manual 181
Index
182 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.070L1-1
Product Support Information
Presales Inquiries and Applications Support
Please contact your local distributor, ADTRAN Applications Engineering, or
ADTRAN Sales:
Applications Engineering
Sales
(800) 615-1176
(800) 827-0807
Post-Sale Support
Please contact your local distributor first. If your local distributor cannot help, please contact ADTRAN Technical Support and have the unit serial number available.
Technical Support (888) 4ADTRAN
Repair and Return
If ADTRAN Technical Support determines that a repair is needed, Technical
Support will coordinate with the Customer and Product Service (CAPS) department to issue an RMA number. For information regarding equipment currently in house or possible fees associated with repair, contact CAPS directly at the following number:
CAPS Department (256) 963-8722
Identify the RMA number clearly on the package (below address), and return to the following address:
ADTRAN, Inc.
CAPS Department
901 Explorer Boulevard
Huntsville, Alabama 35806
RMA # _____________
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Table of contents
- 18 Setting up the ISDN Line
- 19 Connecting to an Internet Service Provider
- 19 Internet Access using Network Address Translation (NAT)
- 20 Multiprotocol Routing Between Two LANS
- 20 Remote/Home Office Accessing the Corporate LAN
- 24 Chapter 1. Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T
- 24 ISDN Overview
- 24 THE Express L128/L128T
- 25 Applications
- 25 Single User to Corporate LAN
- 26 Network Address Translation (NAT)
- 27 Multiple Users to Internet Service Provider (ISP) using NAT
- 28 Small Office - Home Office (SOHO) to Corporate LAN
- 29 Demand Routing and Bridging with the Express L128/L128T
- 29 Factory Default
- 30 Bridging
- 31 IP Routing
- 32 IPX Routing
- 32 Connection List - Simplifying and Enhancing the Dial Function
- 32 Concurrent Routing and Bridging
- 32 Routing over PPP Bridging
- 33 Network Address Translation Mode
- 33 Front Panel
- 33 LAN Indicators
- 34 WAN Indicators
- 34 Test Indicators
- 35 ISDN Connection
- 36 Ordering ISDN
- 36 Interoperability
- 36 Connecting to the Internet
- 37 Configuration
- 37 Security
- 38 Chapter 2. Installation
- 38 ISDN Network Connection
- 38 Local Area Network Connection
- 39 Telephone Connection (L128T Only)
- 39 Basic Telephone Service
- 39 Supplementary Services
- 39 DTMF Keypad
- 40 Customer Premises Wiring
- 44 Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
- 44 Terminal Menu Structure
- 44 Configuration
- 46 Status
- 46 Utilities
- 47 Navigating the Terminal Menus
- 47 General Layout
- 47 Menu Path
- 47 Moving Around
- 47 Submenus [+] or [DATA]
- 47 Activation Field <+>
- 47 Editable Data Field
- 47 Read-Only Field
- 48 Navigation with the Keyboard
- 50 Security Levels
- 51 Configuration Menu
- 51 Configuration/System Info
- 51 System Name
- 51 System Location
- 52 System Contact
- 52 Firmware Revision
- 52 System Uptime
- 52 Date/Time
- 53 Configuration/WAN
- 53 WAN/ISDN
- 53 ISDN/Dial Line
- 53 Dial Line/ExpertISDN
- 54 Dial Line/Switch Protocol
- 54 Dial Line/Area Code
- 54 Dial Line/SPID
- 55 Dial Line/LDN 1 or
- 55 ISDN/Leased Line
- 55 Leased Line/Clock Mode
- 55 Leased Line/Channel Rate
- 55 ISDN/NEBEs
- 56 ISDN/FEBEs
- 56 WAN/POTS
- 56 POTS/POTS Assignment
- 56 POTS/NI-1 Conference FI
- 56 POTS/NI-1 Transfer FI
- 56 POTS/Speech Calltype Routing
- 57 Configuration/IP
- 57 IP/IP Address
- 57 IP/Subnet Mask
- 58 IP/Default Gateway
- 58 IP/Static Routes
- 58 Static Routes/Active
- 58 Static Routes/IP Address
- 58 Static Routes/Subnet Mask
- 58 Static Routes/Gateway
- 58 Static Routes/Hops
- 59 Static Routes/Private
- 59 IP/IP Router
- 59 IP Router/Mode
- 59 IP/RIP
- 59 RIP/Mode
- 59 RIP/Protocol
- 60 RIP/Method
- 60 RIP/Direction
- 60 RIP/V2 Secret
- 60 IP/NAT
- 60 NAT/DHCP Mode
- 61 NAT/DHCP Renewal Time
- 61 NAT/Web Server
- 61 IP/DNS
- 61 DNS/Domain Name
- 61 DNS/Server
- 62 IP/UDP Relay
- 62 UDP Relay/Mode
- 62 UDP Relay/UDP Relay List
- 62 UDP Relay List/Relay Address
- 62 UDP Relay List/UDP Port Type
- 63 UDP Relay List/UDP Port 1, UDP Port 2, UDP Port
- 63 IP/Proxy ARP
- 64 Configuration/IPX
- 64 IPX/Mode
- 64 IPX/Network
- 65 IPX/Frame Type
- 65 IPX/Seed Status
- 65 IPX/RIP Timer
- 66 IPX/SAP Timer
- 67 Configuration/Bridge
- 67 Bridge/Mode
- 67 Bridge/WAN IP Bridge
- 68 WAN IP Bridge/Network
- 68 WAN IP Bridge/Netmask
- 68 WAN IP Bridge/Triggered
- 68 WAN IP Bridge/Proxy ARP
- 68 Bridge/WAN IPX Bridge
- 69 WAN IPX Bridge/Network
- 69 WAN IPX Bridge/Frame Type
- 69 WAN IPX Bridge/Seed Status
- 69 WAN IPX Bridge/Triggered
- 69 Bridge/Spanning Tree
- 69 Spanning Tree/Mode
- 70 Spanning Tree/Priority
- 70 Spanning Tree/Maximum Age
- 70 Spanning Tree/Hello Time
- 70 Spanning Tree/Forward Delay
- 70 Spanning Tree/LAN Port
- 70 LAN Port/Active
- 71 LAN Port/Path Cost
- 71 LAN Port/Priority
- 71 Spanning Tree/WAN Port
- 71 WAN Port 0/Active
- 71 WAN Port 0/Path Cost
- 71 WAN Port 0/Priority
- 71 Spanning Tree/WAN Port
- 72 WAN Port 1/Active
- 72 WAN Port 1/Path Cost
- 72 WAN Port 1/Priority
- 72 Bridge/Address Table
- 72 Address Table/Aging
- 72 Address Table/Forward Policy
- 73 Configuration/Security
- 73 Security/Authentication
- 74 Security/When
- 74 Security/Radius Server
- 74 Radius Server/Primary Server
- 74 Radius Server/Secondary Server
- 74 Radius Server/UDP Port
- 74 Radius Server/Secret
- 75 Radius Server/Retry Count
- 75 Security/PPP
- 76 Security/Filter Defines
- 76 Filter Defines /MAC Filter Defines
- 77 Filter Defines /Pattern Filter Defines
- 77 Filter Defines /IP Filter Defines
- 78 Filter Defines /IPX Filter Defines
- 80 Configuration/Connection List
- 81 Connection List/Description
- 81 Connection List/Active
- 81 Connection List/Authentication
- 82 Authentication/Tx Method
- 83 Authentication/Tx Username
- 83 Authentication/Tx Password
- 83 Authentication/Rx Username
- 83 Authentication/Rx Password
- 83 Authentication/Caller ID
- 84 Authentication/Call ID
- 84 Connection List/IP
- 84 IP/Mode
- 84 IP/NAT
- 84 IP/Route
- 85 Route/IP/Net
- 85 Route/Netmask
- 85 Route/Static Route
- 85 Route/Private
- 85 Route/Hops
- 85 Route/Force IP
- 86 IP/RIP
- 86 RIP/Mode
- 86 RIP/Protocol
- 86 RIP/Method
- 86 RIP/Direction
- 86 RIP/Triggered
- 87 RIP/Retain
- 87 Connection List/IPX
- 87 IPX/Mode
- 87 IPX/Remote Network
- 87 IPX/Triggered
- 88 IPX/Retain
- 88 IPX/Type 20 Packets
- 89 Connection List/Bridge
- 89 Bridge/Mode
- 89 Connection List/Probe
- 89 Probe/Active
- 89 Probe/Interval
- 90 Probe/Update Window
- 90 Connection List/PPP
- 90 PPP/Multilink
- 90 Multilink/Mode
- 90 Multilink/Fragment
- 91 Multilink/BACP
- 91 PPP/Compression
- 91 PPP/VJ Compression
- 91 PPP/Max Config
- 92 PPP/Max Timer
- 92 PPP/Max Failure
- 92 Connection List/Dial Out
- 92 Dial Out/Number
- 92 Dial Out/Call Type
- 93 Dial Out/Redial at 56K
- 93 Dial Out/Delay
- 93 Dial Out/Connection Timeout
- 94 Dial Out/Attempts
- 94 Dial Out/Initial Channels
- 94 Connection List/Bandwidth
- 94 Bandwidth/On Demand
- 94 Bandwidth/Mode
- 94 Bandwidth/Idle Timeout
- 94 Bandwidth/Preempt Time
- 95 Bandwidth/Upper Threshold
- 95 Bandwidth/Lower Threshold
- 95 Bandwidth/Min Channels
- 95 Bandwidth/Max Channels
- 95 Bandwidth/Samples
- 95 Samples/Sample Rate
- 96 Samples/Samples
- 96 Samples/Time Between Changes
- 96 Connection List/Filters
- 96 Filters/WAN-to-LAN (In)
- 97 Filters/In Exceptions
- 97 Filters/LAN-to-WAN (Out)
- 98 Filters/Out Exceptions
- 98 Filters/Demand Dial
- 99 Filters/Dem Dial Exceptions
- 100 Configuration/Management
- 100 Management/Telnet
- 100 Telnet/Server Access
- 101 Telnet/User List
- 101 User List/Name
- 101 User List/Authen Method
- 101 User List/Password
- 101 User List/Idle Time
- 101 User List/Level
- 102 Management/SNMP
- 102 SNMP Access
- 102 SNMP/Communities
- 102 Communities/Name
- 102 Communities/Privilege
- 102 Communities/Manager IP
- 102 SNMP/Traps
- 103 Traps/Manager Name
- 103 Traps/Manager IP
- 103 Management/Maint Port
- 103 Maint Port/Password Protect
- 103 Maint Port/Password
- 103 Maint Port/Baud Rate
- 103 Maint Port/Data Bits
- 104 Maint Port/Parity
- 104 Maint Port/Stop Bits
- 104 Configuration/Terminal Mode
- 105 Dial Menu
- 105 Dial/Description
- 105 Dial/Dial
- 106 Dial/Hang Up
- 106 Dial/Status
- 106 Dial/Channels
- 106 Dial/Number
- 107 Status Menu
- 107 Status/Call Sessions
- 108 Call Sessions/Session1 and Call Sessions/Session
- 109 Call Sessions/Spanning Tree
- 109 Status/ARP Cache
- 110 Status/Bridge Table
- 110 Status/IP Routes
- 111 Status/IPX Routes
- 112 Status/IPX Servers
- 112 Status/WAN Stats
- 113 Status/LAN Stats
- 113 Status/IP Stats
- 115 Test Menu
- 115 Test Menu/Echo Request
- 115 Test Menu/Dial Self
- 116 Logs Menu
- 116 Logs/Sys log Host
- 116 Logs/PPP Log
- 117 PPP Log/Active
- 117 PPP Log/Wrap
- 117 PPP Log/Level
- 117 PPP Log/View
- 117 PPP Log/Clear
- 117 Logs/Call Log
- 117 Call Log/Active
- 118 Call Log/Wrap
- 118 Call Log/Level
- 118 Call Log/View
- 118 Call Log/Clear
- 118 Logs/Network Log
- 118 Network Log/Active
- 118 Network Log/Wrap
- 119 Network Log/Level
- 119 Network Log/View
- 119 Network Log/Clear
- 120 Utilities Menu
- 120 Utilities/Ping
- 121 Utilities/Telnet Client
- 121 Utilities/Upgrade Menu
- 121 Upgrade/Transfer Method
- 121 Upgrade/TFTP Host
- 121 Upgrade/Filename
- 121 Upgrade/Status
- 122 Upgrade/Start Transfer
- 122 Upgrade/Abort Transfer
- 122 Upgrade/TFTP Server
- 122 Utilities/Exit
- 124 Chapter 4. Troubleshooting
- 124 If Self-Test Fails
- 124 If the Express L128/L128T does not read Ready
- 130 If you are unable to connect calls
- 132 Chapter 5. Specifications
- 132 Specifications and Features
- 132 Network Interface
- 132 Ethernet Interface (LAN)
- 132 Switch Compatibility
- 132 Dual POTS Interface
- 133 Display
- 133 Environmental
- 133 Physical
- 133 Power
- 134 Appendix A. Loop Status Messages
- 138 Appendix B. Log Messages
- 156 Appendix C. SNMP
- 160 Appendix D. Connector Pinouts
- 162 Appendix E. Terminal Mode Commands
- 166 Appendix F. Frame Relay Firmware Version
- 178 Glossary
- 188 Acronyms
- 190 Index