User manual | Reading Vocabulary

Reading Vocabulary
Setting – the time and place of the action of a story, poem or play
Mood - the feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader
Imagery – this consists of words and phrases that appeal to a reader’s five senses
Theme – the main point, message, or lesson in a piece of writing
Symbol - an object, character, figure or color used to represent an abstract idea or
concept
Conflict – a struggle between opposing forces; it is the story’s focus
Character – a person, animal, or imaginary being that takes part in the action of a
work of literature
Setting - the time and place of the action of a story, poem or play
Stages of Plot - the steps in a story that center on a conflict or struggle faced by the
main character
Exposition – the first stage of a typical story plot; it provides important background
information and introduces setting and main characters
Rising Action – the stage of the plot that develops the conflict or struggle and builds
toward the next stage of the plot
Climax – the point of greatest interest in a story or play; usually occurs near the end
of a story and resolves conflict
Falling Action – the stage of the plot where the story begins to draw to a close;
occurs after high point and before the story’s end
Resolution – ties up loose ends and sometimes offers an unexpected twist before the
story ends
Novel – a fictitious prose narrative of book length, typically representing character
and action with some degree of realism; a long work of fiction
Genre – this refers to a category in which a work of literature is classified; the major
categories are fiction, nonfiction, poetry and drama.
Writing Vocabulary
Descriptive Details – additional specific facts included in depictions that give the full
particulars of items being characterized; can be comparative and include metaphors
and similes.
Sensory Language - the use of vivid vocabulary to convey impressions; it helps us to
experience fully what we read
Narrative Technique – consists of four parts: point of view (who is the narrator?),
narration (who is the audience?), speech (how do the narrator and the characters of
a story speak?) and tense (when did story happen?); the method that a writer uses
to give a certain artistic and emotional effect in a narrative or story.
Transition – a word or phrase that connects or ties two ideas together smoothly
Thesis – a sentence in the introduction that clearly presents the main idea and
purpose for writing
Detail – support for the main idea
Precise Words – specific or exacting description in a piece of writing
Evidence – a specific piece of information that supports a claim
Parenthetical Citation – this is within the text of your paper and lets your reader
know when you’ve used information from another source; corresponds to a source
listed on your works cited page. Example: (Bukiet 35) [Note that both the author
and page number are cited in parentheses.]
Sentence Structure – the way in which writing is put together grammatically; this
can include the arrangement of words, placement of the subject and verb, and use of
modifiers, clauses, phrases, etc. Common errors are run-ons, comma splices, etc.
Summarize – to briefly retell the main ideas of a piece of writing in one’s own words
Headings – these labels divide and define each section of your paper to increase its
readability, guiding the reader through your report; should be used in papers longer
than 3-4 paragraphs
Subheadings – a label given to a subsection of a piece of writing
Supporting Detail – reason, example or evidence that backs up a claim; helps you to
better understand the main idea
Main Idea – the most important or central thought of a paragraph or larger section
of text; this tells the reader what the text is about
Works Cited – a list of any documents or other resources you have quoted or use to
create your work
Modern Language Association (MLA) – this format is a method for writing academic
papers and citing references
Language Vocabulary
Subject-Verb Agreement – the quality of matching in number (singular or plural) of
the main parts of a sentence
Compound Sentence – contains two or more independent clauses and no dependent
clauses
Complex Sentence – contains one independent clause and one or more dependent
clauses
Modifier - a word that describes, limits, or adds to the meaning of a verb, noun,
adjective, or adverb. Those applied to nouns are adjectives. Those applied to verbs
or adjectives are adverbs. Those that are applied to adverbs themselves are also
called adverbs.
Adjective – modifies a noun or pronoun
Adverb – modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb
Active Voice – this describes the verb in a sentence in which the subject is doing the
action: “Bob ate the cookie.” (Do this!)
Passive Voice – this describes the verb in a sentence in which the subject is receiving
the action of the verb: “The cookie was eaten by Bob.” (Don’t do this!)
Speaking and Listening Vocabulary
Rules – in public speaking, face the audience with your chin up and your eyes away
from your notecards
Eye Contact – looking at your audience to maintain a connection; helps you capture
and maintain an audience’s interest and check for understanding; contributes to the
speaker’s credibility
Pronunciation – this is practicing the conventional patterns of speech used to form
words, speaking clearly and enunciating words correctly
Voice – speak loudly enough for all audience members to hear you clearly, set your
voice at a moderate speed and make use of appropriate pitch, pauses and vocal
variety
Organization - arrange the structure of your paper or presentation so that it has a
logical and clear introduction, transitions and conclusion

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