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CDD-880
Multi Receiver Router
Installation and Operation Manual
For Firmware Version 1.1.1 or higher
IMPORTANT NOTE: The information contained in this document supersedes all previously published information regarding these products. Product specifications are subject to change without prior notice.
Part Number MN-CDD880 Revision 0
CDD-880
Multi Receiver Router
Installation and Operation Manual
For Firmware Version 1.1.1 or higher
Part Number MN-CDD880
Revision 0
October 11, 2010
Copyright © 2009 Comtech EF Data. All rights reserved. Printed in the USA.
Comtech EF Data, 2114 West 7th Street, Tempe, Arizona 85281 USA, 480.333.2200, FAX: 480.333.2161
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Table of Contents
PREFACE ...................................................................................................................... IX
About this Manual ....................................................................................................................... ix
Reporting Comments or Suggestions Concerning this Manual ................................................. ix
Conventions and References ....................................................................................................... ix
Metric Conversion ...................................................................................................................... ix
Recommended Standard Designations ....................................................................................... ix
Trademarks ................................................................................................................................. ix
Cautions and Warnings ................................................................................................................ x
Electrical Safety and Compliance................................................................................................ x
Fuses ............................................................................................................................................ x
Low Voltage Directive (LVD) ................................................................................................... xi
Installation .................................................................................................................................. xi
Environmental .............................................................................................................................. xi
Telecommunications Terminal Equipment Directive .............................................................. xii
CE Mark ...................................................................................................................................... xii
RoHS Compliance ....................................................................................................................... xii
EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) Compliance ............................................................... xii
Warranty Policy ......................................................................................................................... xiii
Limitations of Warranty ........................................................................................................... xiii
Exclusive Remedies ................................................................................................................. xiv
Customer Support ....................................................................................................................... xv
Online Customer Support .......................................................................................................... xv iii
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CHAPTER 1.
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 1–1
1.1
Overview ......................................................................................................................... 1–1
1.2
Functional Description .................................................................................................. 1–2
1.3
Features ........................................................................................................................... 1–3
1.3.1
Physical Description ................................................................................................. 1–3
1.3.1.1
Standard Assemblies .......................................................................................................... 1–3
1.3.1.2
Optional Assemblies .......................................................................................................... 1–3
1.3.2
Compatibility ............................................................................................................ 1–3
1.3.3
Dimensional Envelope .............................................................................................. 1–4
1.3.4
Physical Features ...................................................................................................... 1–5
1.3.4.1
Front Panel .......................................................................................................................... 1–5
1.3.4.2
Rear Panel ........................................................................................................................... 1–6
1.3.5
Data Interfaces .......................................................................................................... 1–6
1.3.6
Flash Upgrading ....................................................................................................... 1–6
1.3.7
Fully Accessible System Topology (FAST) ............................................................. 1–6
1.4
Summary of Specifications ............................................................................................ 1–8
1.4.1
Demodulator ............................................................................................................. 1–8
1.4.2
Low Noise Block Converter (LNB) Support ............................................................ 1–9
1.4.3
Environmental and Physical ................................................................................... 1–10
1.4.4
BER (Bit Error Rate) .............................................................................................. 1–11
CHAPTER 2.
INSTALLATION ................................................................................... 2–1
2.1
Unpacking and Inspection ............................................................................................. 2–1
2.2
Mounting ......................................................................................................................... 2–2
2.2.1
Optional Rear-Mounting Support Bracket Kit .............................................................. 2–2
CHAPTER 3.
REAR PANEL CONNECTOR PINOUTS ............................................. 3–1
3.1
Connector Overview ...................................................................................................... 3–1
3.2
L-BAND Rx IF Connection, Type ‘N’ ......................................................................... 3–2
3.3
TRAFFIC GE Terrestrial Data Connection, RJ-45F ................................................. 3–2
3.4
Utility Connections......................................................................................................... 3–3
3.4.2
CONSOLE (Remote Control Interface) Connector, DB-9M ................................... 3–3
3.4.3
MONITOR Connector, DB-15M ............................................................................ 3–4
3.4.4
MANAGEMENT FE (M&C) Connector, RJ-45F .................................................. 3–4
3.5
Power / Ground Connections ........................................................................................ 3–5
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3.5.1
Alternating Current (AC) Power Connector (Standard) ........................................... 3–5
3.5.2
Ground Connector .................................................................................................... 3–5
CHAPTER 4.
FLASH UPGRADING .......................................................................... 4–1
4.1
Flash Updating via Internet .......................................................................................... 4–1
4.2
Ethernet FTP Upload Procedure .................................................................................. 4–2
CHAPTER 5.
ETHERNET MANAGEMENT ............................................................... 5–1
5.1
Introduction .................................................................................................................... 5–1
5.2
Ethernet Management Interface Protocols ................................................................. 5–1
5.2.1
Ethernet Management Interface Access ................................................................... 5–1
5.3
SNMP Interface .............................................................................................................. 5–2
5.3.1
Management Information Base (MIB) Files ............................................................ 5–2
5.3.2
SNMP Community Strings ....................................................................................... 5–2
5.4
Web Server (HTTP) Interface ...................................................................................... 5–3
5.4.1
Web Server Introduction .......................................................................................... 5–3
5.4.2
User Login ................................................................................................................ 5–3
5.4.3
Web Server Menu Tree ............................................................................................. 5–4
5.4.4
Web Server Page Descriptions ................................................................................. 5–4
5.4.4.1
About the Virtual Front Panel ............................................................................................ 5–5
5.4.4.2
Home Pages ........................................................................................................................ 5–5
5.4.4.2.1
Home | Home ................................................................................................... 5–5
5.4.4.2.2
Home | Contact ................................................................................................ 5–6
5.4.4.3
Admin Pages ....................................................................................................................... 5–7
5.4.4.3.1
Admin | Access ................................................................................................ 5–7
5.4.4.3.2
Admin | SNMP ................................................................................................ 5–8
5.4.4.3.3
Admin | FAST ................................................................................................. 5–9
5.4.4.3.4
Admin | Firmware .......................................................................................... 5–10
5.4.4.3.5
Admin | Auto Logout ..................................................................................... 5–11
5.4.4.4
Configuration Pages ......................................................................................................... 5–12
5.4.4.4.1
Configuration | Interface ................................................................................ 5–12
5.4.4.4.1.1
Configuration | Interface | FE Mgt .......................................................... 5–12
5.4.4.4.1.2
Configuration | Interface | GE ................................................................. 5–13
5.4.4.4.2
Configuration | Demod .................................................................................. 5–14
5.4.4.4.3
Configuration | LNB (Low Noise Block Down Converter)
(FUTURE)
....... 5–15
5.4.4.4.4
Configuration | ARP ...................................................................................... 5–16
5.4.4.4.5
Configuration | Routing ................................................................................. 5–17
5.4.4.5
Status pages ....................................................................................................................... 5–19
5.4.4.5.1
Status | Statistics pages .................................................................................. 5–19
5.4.4.5.1.1
Status | Statistics | Summary ................................................................... 5–19
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5.4.4.5.1.2
Status | Statistics | Demod ....................................................................... 5–21
5.4.4.5.1.3
Status | Statistics | Router ........................................................................ 5–23
5.4.4.5.2
Status | Monitor page ..................................................................................... 5–24
5.4.4.6
Utility page ........................................................................................................................ 5–26
CHAPTER 6.
FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION .................................................... 6–1
6.1
Introduction .................................................................................................................... 6–1
6.2
VersaFEC (Short-block LDPC) ................................................................................... 6–1
6.3
CDD-880 Error Performance Characteristics ............................................................ 6–3
APPENDIX A.
FAST ACTIVATION PROCEDURE .................................................... A–1
A.1
Introduction ................................................................................................................... A–1
A.2
Activation Procedure via Web Server (HTTP) Interface ......................................... A–2
A.2.1
View Currently Installed Features ........................................................................... A–2
A.2.2
Record Serial Number ............................................................................................. A–3
A.2.3
Acquire/Enter FAST Access Code .......................................................................... A–3
A.2.4
Verify FAST Option Availability ............................................................................ A–3
APPENDIX B.
REMOTE CONTROL .......................................................................... B–1
B.1
Overview ......................................................................................................................... B–1
B.2
EIA-232 ........................................................................................................................... B–1
B.3
Basic Protocol ................................................................................................................. B–1
B.4
Packet Structure ............................................................................................................. B–2
B.4.1
Start of Packet ........................................................................................................... B–2
B.4.2
Target Address .......................................................................................................... B–3
B.4.3
Address Delimiter ..................................................................................................... B–3
B.4.4
Instruction Code ....................................................................................................... B–3
B.4.5
Instruction Code Qualifier ........................................................................................ B–3
B.4.6
Optional Message Arguments .................................................................................. B–4
B.4.7
End of Packet ............................................................................................................ B–4
B.5
Remote Commands and Queries .................................................................................. B–5
B.5.1
Unit Parameters ........................................................................................................ B–6
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Tables
Table 3-1. Rear Panel External Connections ............................................................................. 3–1
Table 6-1. The VersaFEC ModCod Set ...................................................................................... 6–2
Figures
Figure 1-1. CDD-880 L-Band Multi Receiver Router ................................................................ 1–1
Figure 1-2. Advanced VSAT Series Network Topology Example ............................................. 1–2
Figure 1-3. CDD-880 Dimensional Envelope ............................................................................ 1–4
Figure 1-4. CDD-880 Front Panel View ..................................................................................... 1–5
Figure 1-5. CDD-880 Rear Panel View ...................................................................................... 1–6
Figure 1-6. Rx Carrier Level vs. Symbol Rate (L-Band 950 – 2150 MHz) ............................... 1–9
Figure 2-1. Installation of Optional Rear-Mounting Support Bracket Kit ................................. 2–3
Figure 3-1. CDD-880 Rear Panel View ...................................................................................... 3–1
Figure 4-1. Flash Update via Internet ......................................................................................... 4–1
Figure 5-1. CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router Home (Splash) page ........................................... 5–5
Figure 5-2. Home | Contact page ................................................................................................ 5–6
Figure 5-3. Admin | Access page ................................................................................................ 5–7
Figure 5-4. Admin | SNMP page ................................................................................................ 5–8
Figure 5-5. Admin | FAST page ................................................................................................. 5–9
Figure 5-6. Admin | Firmware page .......................................................................................... 5–10
Figure 5-7. Admin | Auto Logout page ..................................................................................... 5–11
Figure 5-8. Configuration | Interface | FE Mgt page ................................................................. 5–12
Figure 5-9. Configuration | Interface | GE page ........................................................................ 5–13
Figure 5-10. Configuration| Mod page ..................................................................................... 5–14
Figure 5-12. Configuration | ARP page .................................................................................... 5–16
Figure 5-13. Configuration | Routing (Routes) page ................................................................ 5–17
Figure 5-14. Status | Statistics | Summary page ........................................................................ 5–19
Figure 5-15. Status | Statistics | Demod page ............................................................................ 5–21
Figure 5-16. Status | Statistics | Router page ............................................................................ 5–23
Figure 5-17. Status | Monitor page ........................................................................................... 5–24
Figure 5-18. Utility page ........................................................................................................... 5–26
Figure 6-1. The VersaFEC Codes versus Shannon Capacity ..................................................... 6–2
Figure 6-2. VersaFEC Codec – BPSK, Rate 0.488..................................................................... 6–3
Figure 6-3. VersaFEC Codec – QPSK, Rate 0.533, 0.631, 0.706 and 0.803.............................. 6–4
Figure 6-4. VersaFEC Codec – 8-QAM, Rate 0.642, 0.711, and 0.780 ..................................... 6–5
Figure 6-5. VersaFEC Codec – 16-QAM, Rate 0.731, 0.780, 0.829 and 0.853 ......................... 6–6
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viii
PREFACE
About this Manual
This manual provides installation and operation information for the Comtech EF Data CDD-880
Multi Receiver Router. This is a technical document intended for earth station engineers, technicians, and operators responsible for the operation and maintenance of the CDD-880.
Reporting Comments or Suggestions Concerning this Manual
Comments and suggestions regarding the content and design of this manual will be appreciated.
To submit comments, please contact the Comtech EF Data Technical Publications Department:
Conventions and References
Metric Conversion
Metric conversion information is located on the inside back cover of this manual. This information is provided to assist the operator in cross-referencing non-Metric to Metric conversions.
Recommended Standard Designations
Recommended Standard (RS) Designations have been superseded by the new designation of the
Electronic Industries Association (EIA). References to the old designations may be shown when depicting actual text displayed on the Web Server (HTTP) or Command Line Interface pages for the unit (e.g., RS-232). All other references in the manual will be shown with the EIA designations.
Trademarks
Product names mentioned in this manual may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies and are hereby acknowledged. ix
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IMPORTANT
The user should carefully observe the following information.
Cautions and Warnings
IMPORTANT
IMPORTANT or NOTE indicates a statement associated with the task being performed or information critical for proper equipment function.
CAUTION
CAUTION indicates a hazardous situation that, if not avoided, may result in
minor or moderate injury. CAUTION may also be used to indicate other unsafe practices or risks of property damage.
WARNING
WARNING indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.
Examples of
Multi-Hazard Formats
Electrical Safety and Compliance
The CDD-880 has been shown to comply with the EN 60950 Safety of Information Technology
Equipment (Including Electrical Business Machines) safety standard.
The equipment is rated for operation over the range 100–240 volts AC or, appropriately equipped,
36–60 volts DC. It has a maximum power consumption of 245 watts.
Fuses
FOR CONTINUED OPERATOR SAFETY, ALWAYS REPLACE THE FUSES WITH
THE CORRECT TYPE AND RATING.
CAUTION
The CDD-880 is fitted with two (2X) 20mm Slow-blow type fuses:
• For 230/115 Volt AC standard router operation, use 2.5A fuses. These fuses – one each for line and neutral connections – are contained within the body of the IEC power inlet connector behind a small plastic flap. x
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• For 48 Volt DC standard router operation, use 3.15A fuses. These fuses are contained within individual screw-in receptacles on the CDD-880 rear panel, below the terminal blocks.
Low Voltage Directive (LVD)
The following information is applicable for the European Low Voltage Directive (2006/95/EC):
Symbol Description
<HAR>
Type of power cord required for use in the European
Community.
CAUTION: Double-pole/Neutral Fusing
!
ACHTUNG: Zweipolige bzw. Neutralleiter-Sicherung
International Symbols
Symbol Definition Symbol Definition
Alternating
Current
Protective
Earth
Fuse
Chassis
Ground
IMPORTANT
For additional symbols, refer to Cautions and Warnings listed earlier in this
Preface.
Installation
The installation and connection to the line supply must be made in compliance to local or national wiring codes and regulations.
The CDD-880 is designed for connection to a power system that has separate ground, line and neutral conductors. The equipment is not designed for connection to power system that has no direct connection to ground.
The CDD-880 is shipped with a line inlet cable suitable for use in the country of operation. If it is necessary to replace this cable, ensure the replacement has an equivalent specification. Examples of acceptable ratings for the cable include HAR, BASEC and HOXXX-X. Examples of acceptable connector ratings include VDE, NF-USE, UL, CSA, OVE, CEBEC, NEMKO,
DEMKO, BS1636A, BSI, SETI, IMQ, KEMA-KEUR and SEV.
Environmental
The CDD-880 must not be operated in an environment where the unit is exposed to extremes of temperature outside the ambient range 0° to 50°C (32° to 122°F); precipitation, condensation, or humid atmospheres above 95% relative humidity; altitudes (unpressurized) greater than 2000 meters; excessive dust or vibration; flammable gases; or corrosive or explosive atmospheres. xi
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Operation in vehicles or other transportable installations that are equipped to provide a stable environment is permitted. If such vehicles do not provide a stable environment, safety of the equipment to EN60950 may not be guaranteed.
Telecommunications Terminal Equipment Directive
In accordance with the Telecommunications Terminal Equipment Directive 91/263/EEC, this equipment should not be directly connected to the Public Telecommunications Network.
CE Mark
Comtech EF Data declares that the CDD-880 meets the necessary requirements for the CE Mark.
RoHS Compliance
This unit satisfies (with exemptions) the requirements specified in the European Union Directive on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances, Directive 2002/95/EC, (EU RoHS).
EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) Compliance
In accordance with European Directive 89/336/EEC, the CDD-880 has been shown, by independent testing, to comply with the following standards:
Emissions: EN 55022 Class B – Limits and methods of measurement of radio interference characteristics of Information Technology Equipment.
(Also tested to FCC Part 15 Class B.)
Immunity: EN 55024 – Information Technology Equipment: Immunity
Characteristics, Limits, and Methods of Measurement.
Additionally, the CDD-880 has been shown to comply with the following standards:
EN 61000-3-2 – Harmonic Currents Emission.
EN 61000-3-3 – Voltage Fluctuations and Flicker.
To ensure that the CDD-880 continues to comply with these standards, observe the following instructions:
IMPORTANT
• Connections to the L-Band Rx port (Type ‘N’ female connector) should be made using a good quality coaxial cable.
• All 'D' type connectors attached to the rear panel must have back shells that provide continuous metallic shielding. Cable with a continuous outer shield (either foil or braid, or both) must be used, and the shield must be bonded to the back shell.
• The equipment must be operated with its cover on at all times. If it becomes necessary to remove the cover, the user should ensure that the cover is correctly refitted before normal operation commences. xii
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Warranty Policy
Comtech EF Data products are warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a specific period from the date of shipment, and this period varies by product. In most cases, the warranty period is two years. During the warranty period, Comtech EF
Data will, at its option, repair or replace products that prove to be defective. Repairs are warranted for the remainder of the original warranty or a 90 day extended warranty, whichever is longer. Contact Comtech EF Data for the warranty period specific to the product purchased.
For equipment under warranty, the owner is responsible for freight to Comtech EF Data and all related customs, taxes, tariffs, insurance, etc. Comtech EF Data is responsible for the freight charges only for return of the equipment from the factory to the owner.
Comtech EF Data will return the equipment by the same method (i.e., Air, Express,
Surface) as the equipment was sent to Comtech EF Data.
All equipment returned for warranty repair must have a valid RMA number issued prior to return and be marked clearly on the return packaging. Comtech EF Data strongly recommends all equipment be returned in its original packaging.
Comtech EF Data Corporation’s obligations under this warranty are limited to repair or replacement of failed parts, and the return shipment to the buyer of the repaired or replaced parts.
Limitations of Warranty
The warranty does not apply to any part of a product that has been installed, altered, repaired, or misused in any way that, in the opinion of Comtech EF Data Corporation, would affect the reliability or detracts from the performance of any part of the product, or is damaged as the result of use in a way or with equipment that had not been previously approved by Comtech EF Data Corporation.
The warranty does not apply to any product or parts thereof where the serial number or the serial number of any of its parts has been altered, defaced, or removed.
The warranty does not cover damage or loss incurred in transportation of the product.
The warranty does not cover replacement or repair necessitated by loss or damage from any cause beyond the control of Comtech EF Data Corporation, such as lightning or other natural and weather related events or wartime environments.
The warranty does not cover any labor involved in the removal and or reinstallation of warranted equipment or parts on site, or any labor required to diagnose the necessity for repair or replacement.
The warranty excludes any responsibility by Comtech EF Data Corporation for incidental or consequential damages arising from the use of the equipment or products, or for any inability to use them either separate from or in combination with any other equipment or products.
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A fixed charge established for each product will be imposed for all equipment returned for warranty repair where Comtech EF Data Corporation cannot identify the cause of the reported failure.
Exclusive Remedies
Comtech EF Data Corporation’s warranty, as stated is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed, implied, or statutory, including those of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The buyer shall pass on to any purchaser, lessee, or other user of
Comtech EF Data Corporation’s products, the aforementioned warranty, and shall indemnify and hold harmless Comtech EF Data Corporation from any claims or liability of such purchaser, lessee, or user based upon allegations that the buyer, its agents, or employees have made additional warranties or representations as to product preference or use.
The remedies provided herein are the buyer’s sole and exclusive remedies. Comtech EF
Data shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages, whether based on contract, tort, or any other legal theory. xiv
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Customer Support
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Refer to p. xiii in this Preface for information regarding this product’s Warranty Policy.
Contact the Comtech EF Data Customer Support Department for:
•
Product support or training
•
Reporting comments or suggestions concerning manuals
•
Information on upgrading or returning a product
A Customer Support representative may be reached during normal business hours at:
Comtech EF Data
Attention: Customer Support Department
2114 West 7th Street
Tempe, Arizona 85281 USA
480.333.2200 (Main Comtech EF Data number)
480.333.4357 (Customer Support Desk)
480.333.2161 FAX
To return a Comtech EF Data product (in-warranty and out-of-warranty) for repair or replacement:
• Contact
the Comtech EF Data Customer Support Department during normal business hours. Be prepared to supply the Customer Support representative with the model number, serial number, and a description of the problem.
• Request
a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number from the Comtech EF Data
Customer Support representative.
• Pack
the product in its original shipping carton/packaging to ensure that the product is not damaged during shipping.
• Ship the product back to Comtech EF Data. (Shipping charges should be prepaid.)
Online Customer Support
An RMA number can be requested electronically by accessing Comtech EF Data’s online
Support page ( www.comtechefdata.com/support.asp
). From this page:
• Click the Service hyperlink, then read the Return Material Authorization section for detailed instructions on Comtech EF Data’s return procedures.
• Click
[Send RMA Request] on the Support page or the RMA Request hyperlink provided in the Service | Return Material Authorization section; fill out the Billing Information,
Return Information, and Unit to be Returned sections completely, then click [Send email]
– or –
• Send an e-mail
providing this same detailed information to the Customer Support
Department at [email protected]. xv
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1.1 Overview
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
Figure 1-1. CDD-880 L-Band Multi Receiver Router
The CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router (Figure 1-1) supports from two through 12 independent
demodulators (expandable, by pairs, on a single card) in a single 1RU chassis. The CDD-880 is intended to serve as a hub expansion utility device for Comtech EF Data’s Advanced VSAT
Series product offering.
CDD-880 features include:
• 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 fast acquisition demodulators/decoders, each supporting operation up to 4.5 Msps
• Easy field upgradability, if shipped with less than 12 demodulators/decoders
• Programmable from 950 to 2150 MHz (L-Band)
• Comtech EF Data VersaFEC Forward Error Correction
•
(FUTURE) GZip decompression
•
(FUTURE) 1:1 Redundancy capability
• LNB Support – 10 MHz reference and LNB power
• As an IP-only packet processing device, it requires no direct implementation changes in support of its multi-point RAN Optimization functionality
• With 12 demods all able to receive up to 15 Mb of compressed packets (30 Mb uncompressed), the LAN interface can receive as much as 360 Mb of data
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CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router
Introduction
1.2 Functional Description
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Figure 1-2. Advanced VSAT Series Network Topology Example
Figure 1-2 illustrates the CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router as deployed in a typical satellite-based
communications network – in this example, a Hub-and-Spoke IP Network.
The CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router features six plug-in cards, each of which supports two
VersaFEC/Streamline demodulators. This allows for six deployed configurations: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 demods.
Overall, the receive path allows IP packets to be Streamline decapsulated, K4 decompressed if required, and then sent to the processor. IP packets are sent out the appropriate Ethernet interface.
Optimized E1 packets will be received with IP/UDP headers and routed to the appropriate
CXU-810 RAN Optimizer on the hub network.
Note: As IP/UDP packets, the CDD-880 is completely agnostic/ignorant to the RAN
Optimization feature, which offers significant network feature simplicity advantages.
The CDD-880 receive path has the following characteristics:
• 256 IPv4 static routes
• 256 Static ARP entries
• Streamline-compatible decapsulation
• VersaFEC compatible for all MODCODs
•
(FUTURE) Header decompression
• The receive path is compatible with a CDM-840 for all features
• Routing Only (no bridge mode)
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CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router
Introduction
1.3 Features
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1.3.1 Physical Description
The CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router is constructed as a 1RU-high rack-mounting chassis, which can be free-standing if desired. Handles at the front to facilitate removal from and placement into a rack.
The unit uses a single printed circuit board assembly for high reliability. All operational upgrades and enhancements are afforded via remote firmware upgrade.
1.3.1.1 Standard Assemblies
Assembly Description
PL-0000772 CDD-880 Base Chassis Assembly (AC)
PL-0000763 CDD-880 Main PCB
FS-0000030
Cartridge Fuse, 2.5A 250VAC 5x20mm Slow-blow fuse,
213 series
Where Installed
–
CDD-880 chassis
CDD-880 chassis
CDD-880 chassis
1.3.1.2 Optional Assemblies
Assembly Description
PL-0000866 CDD-880 Base Chassis Assembly (DC)
KT-0000168 4” Rear-Mounting Support Bracket
KT-0000195 10” Rear-Mounting Support Bracket
Where Installed
–
Sides of CDM-840 chassis / rear of user-provided mounting rack
– See Sect. 2.2.1
1.3.2 Compatibility
The CDM-880 receives VersaFEC interoperable with Comtech EF Data’s CDM-840 Remote
Router, and the CDM-625 Advanced Satellite Modem when equipped with the optional IP Packet
Processor.
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CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router
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1.3.3 Dimensional Envelope
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Figure 1-3. CDD-880 Dimensional Envelope
1–4
CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router
Introduction
1.3.4 Physical Features
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1.3.4.1 Front Panel
LED Indicators
Figure 1-4. CDD-880 Front Panel View
Figure 1-4 shows the front panel of the CDD-880. The front panel features 16 Light-Emitting-
Diode (LED) indicators. The LEDs indicate, in a summary fashion, the status of the unit:
• Overall Unit Status
• Stored Event
•
(FUTURE) Online when in 1:1 Redundant Mode (Online or Offline)
• 10/100/1000 BaseT Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) Activity
• Traffic Status for each of up to 12 Rx Traffic (receive) channels.
Note the following:
LED
UNIT STATUS
STORED
EVENT
ONLINE
GE
LINK/ACTIVITY
Rx TRAFFIC 1 through 12
Condition
Green
Amber
Red
Amber
No Unit Faults or Alarms.
No Unit Faults, but an Alarm exists.
A Unit Fault exists (Example: PSU fault).
There is a Stored Event in the log, which can be viewed from the Web Server
Interface or retrieved via the remote control interface.
Off
Green
Off
There are no Stored Events.
The Unit is On Line, and carrying traffic.
The Unit is Off Line (standby) – forced by externally connected 1:1 or 1:N redundancy system.
Green (solid) Traffic Ethernet is connected, but no traffic exists.
Green (blinking) Ethernet activity detected.
Off GE Ethernet port is not connected.
Green (solid) No Rx Traffic Faults (demod and decoder are locked, everything is OK).
Green (blinking)
No Rx Traffic Faults, blinks when a packet is being received from the satellite link to this unit.
Amber
Red
Rx Traffic has an Alarm.
Rx Traffic has a Fault.
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1.3.4.2 Rear Panel
Figure 1-5. CDD-880 Rear Panel View
Figure 1-5 shows the rear panel of the CDD-880. External cables are attached to connectors on the
rear panel of the unit. Each connector is described in detail in Chapter 3. REAR PANEL
CONNECTOR PINOUTS.
1.3.5 Data Interfaces
The CDD-880 includes, as standard, a 10/100 BaseT Fast Ethernet (FE) Interface and a 10/100/
1000 BaseT Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) Traffic Interface.
1.3.6 Flash Upgrading
The internal firmware is both powerful and flexible, permitting storage and retrieval of up to 10 different configurations. The unit uses ‘flash memory’ technology internally, and new firmware can be uploaded to the unit from an external PC. This simplifies software upgrading, and updates are deliverable over satellite, via the Internet (using the CDD-880 Web Server (HTTP) Interface), e-mail, or on CD. The upgrade can be performed without opening the unit, by simply connecting the CDD-880 to the Ethernet port of a computer. See Chapter 4. FLASH UPGRADING for further information.
1.3.7 Fully Accessible System Topology (FAST)
The CDD-880 is extremely flexible and powerful, and incorporates a large number of optional features. In order to permit a lower initial cost, The CDD-880 may be purchased with only the desired features enabled.
If, at a later date, a user wishes to upgrade the functionality of a demodulator, Comtech EF Data provides Fully Accessible System Topology (FAST), which permits the purchase and installation of options through special authorization codes entered into the unit using the CDD-880 Web Server
(HTTP) Interface.
These unique access codes may be purchased during normal business hours from Comtech EF
Data.
FAST System Theory
FAST facilitates on-location upgrade of the operating feature set without removing a CDD-880 from the setup.
With FAST technology, operators have maximum flexibility for enabling functions as they are required. FAST allows an operator to order a demodulator precisely tailored for the initial application.
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When service requirements change, the operator can upgrade the topology of the CDD-880 to meet those requirements within minutes. This accelerated upgrade can be accomplished because of FAST’s extensive use of the programmable logic devices incorporated into Comtech EF Data products.
FAST Implementation
Comtech EF Data’s FAST system is factory-implemented in the CDD-880. All FAST options are available through the basic platform unit at the time of order – FAST allows immediate activation of available options, after confirmation by Comtech EF Data, via the remote control interface.
See Appendix A. FAST ACTIVATION PROCEDURE for further information.
FAST Accessible Options
Hardware options for basic demodulators can be ordered and installed either at the factory or in the field. The operator can select options that can be activated easily in the field, depending on the current hardware configuration of the CDD-880. A unique access code enables configuration of the available hardware.
The following table shows the available FAST and FAST-accessible hardware options:
Option Description and Comments Option Installation Method
Demod Card w/VersaFEC Up to six (6) dual demodulator cards installable. Hardware / FAST
CCM 1 to 5 Mbps
Rx Data and Symbol Rate
CCM 1 to 10 Mbps
CCM 1 to 25 Mbps
CCM 1 to 50 Mbps
CCM 1 to 75 Mbps
CCM 1 to 100 Mbps
FAST
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1.4 Summary of Specifications
1.4.1 Demodulator
Specification
Frequency Range
Input
Input Impedance
Input Power Range
Parameters
950 to 2150 MHz
Type ‘N’ female connector
50 Ω, 17 dB minimum return loss
-130 + 10 log(symbol rate) to -80 + 10 log(symbol rate) dBm (see Figure 1-6)
Maximum Composite Operation Level 102 – 10 log(symbol rate, desired carrier) dBC, +10 dBm max, with the additional requirement that within ±10 MHz of the desired carrier, composite power is ≤ +30 dBC.
Absolute Maximum, No Damage +20 dBm
Adaptive Equalizer
Acquisition Range
Clock Tracking Range
Acquisition Range
Spectral Inversion
Return Loss
Receiver Signal Level Monitor
FEC Mode
Decapsulation
Symbol Rate Range
Spectral Mask
Data Rate
Modulation and Code Rate
5-tap design, selectable on/off
Fixed acquisition range of ± Rs/2 = receive symbol rate / 2
± 100 ppm min
+/- 100kHz
Normal or Inverted min 18dB (typical 20 dB)
+/- 6dB (typical)
VersaFEC – CCM Only
Streamline
16Ksps to 4.5 Msps in CCM Mode
20%, 25% or 35%.
6Kbps to 15.35 Mbps and corresponds to symbol rate ranges in CCM Mode
Modulation
BPSK
QPSK
Code Rate
0.488
0.533
Min (Kbps) Max. (Kbps)
16.0 2190.0
18.0 4800.0
QPSK
QPSK
QPSK
8-QAM
8-QAM
0.631
0.706
0.803
0.642
0.711
21.0 5670.0
23.0 6340.0
26.0 7220.0
31.0 8670.0
35.0 9600.0
Descrambling
(FUTURE) I&Q Constellation
Monitor Functions
Data and Management Interface
Terrestrial Traffic Interface
Command Line Interface (CLI)
8-QAM
16-QAM
16-QAM
16-QAM
0.780
0.731
0.829
0.853
38.0 10530.0
47.0 13160.0
54.0 14910.0
55.0 15350.0
V.35 or OFF
Via Web Server (HTTP) Interface
• Eb/No Frequency Offset
• Corrected BER
• Rx signal level
• LNB current and voltage
10/100 BaseT Fast Ethernet RJ-45 port
10/100/1000 BaseT Gigabit Ethernet (<360 Mbps) RJ-45 port
EIA-232 via DB-9 REMOTE port
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Figure 1-6. Rx Carrier Level vs. Symbol Rate (L-Band 950 – 2150 MHz)
1.4.2 Low Noise Block Converter (LNB) Support
Parameters
LNB Voltage
10 MHz Reference
(FUTURE) LNB Power Level
Current Alarm
Specifications
+13 volts, +18 volts per DiSEq, and +24 volts DC at 500 mA maximum
• -3 dBm ± 3 dB via Rx connector center conductor
• Source: Either Internal modem reference or External reference
• Performance: For phase noise, refer to L-Band modulator 10 MHz.
• Frequency Stability: Same as the modulator 10 MHz reference.
Selectable ON or OFF per Rx input (on Rx connector center conductor)
Programmable minimum/maximum alarms
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1.4.3 Environmental and Physical
Parameters
Temperature
Operating
Storage
Specifications
32 to 122 °F (0 to 50°C)
-4 to 158 °F (-20 to 70°C)
Humidity
AC
Power Supply
DC
Operating
Voltage
Power Consumption
AC
DC
Fuse
Physical Dimensions
Weight
Agency Approvals
Includes an on/off switch
Includes an on/off switch and an input filter per PL-0000551 and PL/10312-1 Kits
100 – 240 Volts AC +6%/-10% autosensing (total absolute max. range is 90 – 254 volts AC)
48 Volts nominal (total range is 36 to 60 volts)
60 W typical
120/230 VAC: T3.15A, slow-blow 20 mm
48VDC (38 to 60 VDC): T8.0A, slow-blow 20 mm
1RU high x 19 inches wide x 16 inches deep
( 43.8 mm h x 482.6 mm w x 406 mm d)
7 lbs (3.2 kg)
CE Mark
FCC Part 15, Class B
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1.4.4 BER (Bit Error Rate)
VersaFEC CODEC BER
BPSK
(With two adjacent carriers, each 7 dB higher than the desired carrier)
VersaFEC CODEC BER
QPSK
(With two adjacent carriers, each 7 dB higher than the desired carrier)
VersaFEC CODEC BER
8QAM
(With two adjacent carriers, each 7 dB higher than the desired carrier)
VersaFEC CODEC BER
16QAM
(With two adjacent carriers, each 7 dB higher than the desired carrier)
Monitor Functions
For:
BER=10-5
BER=10-8
For:
BER=10 -5
BER=10 -8
For:
BER=10 -5
BER=10 -8
Rate 0.488
Guaranteed Eb/No
(typical value in parentheses):
2.4 dB (2.1 dB)
2.7 dB (2.4 dB)
Rate 0.533 QPSK
Guaranteed Eb/No
(typical value in parentheses):
2.3 dB (2.0 dB)
2.5 dB (2.2 dB)
Rate 0.642 8QAM
Guaranteed Eb/No
(typical value in parentheses):
4.6 dB (4.3 dB)
4.9 dB (4.6 dB)
Rate 0.631 QPSK
Guaranteed Eb/No
(typical value in parentheses):
2.8 dB (2.5 dB)
3.0 dB (2.7 dB)
Rate 0.711 8QAM
Guaranteed Eb/No
(typical value in parentheses):
5.2 dB (4.9 dB)
5.5 dB (5.2 dB)
Rate 0.706 QPSK
Guaranteed Eb/No
(typical value in parentheses):
3.3 dB (3.0 dB)
3.7 dB (3.4 dB)
Rate 0.780 8QAM
Guaranteed Eb/No
(typical value in parentheses):
5.6 dB (5.3 dB)
6.0 dB (5.7 dB)
For:
BER=10 -5
BER=10 -8
Rate 0.731
16QAM
Guaranteed Eb/No
(typical value in parentheses):
6.4 dB (6.1 dB)
6.6 dB (6.3 dB)
Rate 0.780 16QAM
Guaranteed Eb/No
(typical value in parentheses):
7.0 dB (6.7 dB)
7.3 dB (7.0 dB)
• Eb/No estimate: 3 to 12 dB with ± 0.5 dB accuracy
• Corrected Bit Error Rate: 1E-3 to 1E-9
• Frequency offset: ± 32 kHz range,100 Hz resolution
• Signal Strength Indicator: 0-60 dB range relative to maximum gain
Rate 0.829 16QAM
Guaranteed Eb/No
(typical value in parentheses):
7.5 dB (7.2 dB)
7.8 dB (7.5 dB)
Rate 0.803 QPSK
Guaranteed Eb/No
(typical value in parentheses):
3.8 dB (3.5 dB)
4.1 dB (3.8 dB)
Rate 0.853 16QAM
Guaranteed Eb/No
(typical value in parentheses):
8.0 dB (7.7 dB)
8.3 dB (8.0 dB)
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Chapter 2. INSTALLATION
2.1 Unpacking and Inspection
The CDM-880 Multi Receiver Router and its Installation and Operation Manual are packaged in a pre-formed, reusable, cardboard carton containing foam spacing for maximum shipping protection.
Be sure to keep all shipping materials for the carrier's inspection.
IMPORTANT
Inspect shipping containers for damage. If the shipping containers are damaged, keep them until the contents of the shipment have been carefully inspected and checked for normal operation.
CAUTION
Do not use any cutting tool that will extend more than 1” into the container and cause damage to the unit.
Unpack and inspect the unit as follows:
Step
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Description
Cut the tape at the top of the carton indicated by “OPEN THIS END.”
Remove the cardboard/foam space covering the unit.
Remove the unit, manual, and power cord from the carton.
Save the packing material for storage or reshipment purposes.
Inspect the equipment for any possible damage incurred during shipment.
Check the equipment against the packing list to ensure the shipment is correct.
Refer to the following sections for further installation instructions.
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2.2 Mounting
If the CDD-880 is to be mounted in a rack, ensure that there is adequate clearance for ventilation, particularly at the sides. In rack systems where there is high heat dissipation, forced air cooling must be provided by top or bottom mounted fans or blowers. Under no circumstance should the highest internal rack temperature be allowed to exceed 50°C (122°F).
IMPORTANT
The CDD-880 may NOT have rack slides mounted to the side of the chassis.
Two cooling fans are mounted in the right-hand side of the chassis, with air exhaust venting provided along the chassis’ left-hand side. Comtech EF Data recommends that an alternate method of support is employed within the rack, such as rack shelves or CEFD’s optional rear-mounting support bracket kits. If there is any doubt, please consult the Comtech EF Data Customer Support department.
2.2.1 Optional Rear-Mounting Support Bracket Kit
Install the optional rear-mounting support brackets kit KT-0000168 or KT-0000195:
Quantity
KT-0000168 KT-0000195
Part Number Description
1
–
Plate, Adapter
4 4 Screw, #10 Flat Head
–
1
KT/6228-2
KT/6228-3
4” Rear Support Bracket Kit
10” Rear Support Bracket Kit
Additionally, the KT/6228-X Rear Support Bracket Kit, furnished as part of kit KT-0000168 or
KT-0000195, contains the following parts:
Quantity
KT/6228-2 KT/6228-3
Part Number Description
2
2
4
2
4
2
–
2
2
4
2
4
–
2
HW/10-32SHLDR
HW/10-32FLT
HW/10-32SPLIT
HW/10-32HEXNUT
HW/10-32x1/2RK
FP/6138-2
FP/6138-3
Screw, #10 Shoulder
Washer, #10 Flat
Washer, #10 Split
Nut, #10 Hex
Bolt, #10 Rack Bracket
Bracket, Rear Support – 4”
Bracket, Rear Support – 10”
The tools required for this installation are a medium Phillips
™ screwdriver, a 5/32-inch SAE
Allen
™ Wrench, and an adjustable Crescent ®
wrench.
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The kit is installed as illustrated in Figure 2-1 and per the following procedure:
Step Description
1
Secure the Adapter Plates to each side of the chassis at the rear, using the #10 flat head screws as shown.
2
3
Secure the #10 shoulder screws through the Adapter plate mounting slots using the #10 flat washers, #10 split washers, and #10 hex nuts as shown.
Install the rear support brackets onto the equipment rack threaded rear mounting rails, using the #10 rack bracket bolts.
4
Mount the unit into the equipment rack, ensuring that the #10 shoulder screws properly engage into the slots of the rear support bracket.
Figure 2-1. Installation of Optional Rear-Mounting Support Bracket Kit
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Chapter 3. REAR PANEL
CONNECTOR PINOUTS
3.1 Connector Overview
summarizes the connectors provided on the rear panel interface, grouped according to service function.
Connector Group
IF
Sect. 3.2
Terrestrial Data
Sect. 3.3
Utility
Sect. 3.4
Power/Ground
Sect 3.5
Figure 3-1. CDD-880 Rear Panel View
Table 3-1. Rear Panel External Connections
Name (Ref Des)
L-BAND Rx
TRAFFIC GE
(FUTURE)
REDUNDANCY
CONSOLE
MONITOR
MANAGEMENT FE
AC
Ground
Connector Type
Type ’N’ female (L-
Band)
Function
IF Rx Input
RJ-45 Female
9-pin Type ‘D’ female
10/100/1000 BaseT Gigabit Ethernet
Traffic Interface
Connection to External 1:1 Controller
(Redundancy Switch)
Serial Remote Interface (EIA-232) 9-pin Type ‘D’ male
15-pin Type ‘D’ male I&Q Constellation/Rx AGC Monitor Output
RJ-45 female
10/100 BaseT Fast Ethernet management and data
See Sect. 3.5.1
#10-32 stud
Chassis power
Common Chassis Ground
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3.2 L-BAND Rx IF Connection, Type ‘N’
The Rx IF input port connector is a 50
Ω Type ‘N’ female. The return loss on these ports is typically better than 17 dB, and if the user wishes to connect to a 75
Ω system, an inexpensive ‘N’ to ‘F’ type adapter can be used and is available as an optional accessory. While there will be a reduction in return loss when doing this, the effect in most systems will be imperceptible.
There may be DC voltages present on the Type ‘N’ Rx IF connector, up to a maximum of 48 volts. An LED labeled ‘DC!’ will light to indicate this condition.
CA UTIO N
3.3 TRAFFIC GE Terrestrial Data Connection, RJ-45F
The TRAFFIC GE connector is an RJ-45 female port used for 10/100/1000 Base-T Gigabit
Ethernet data traffic. The connector pinout is as follows:
Pin # Description Direction
1 TRP1+ I/O
2 TRP1- I/O
3 TRP2+ I/O
4 TRP3+ I/O
5 TRP3-
6 TRP2-
I/O
I/O
7 TRP4+ I/O
8 TRP4- I/O
The port features two operational LED indicators:
• LED 1 (to left) – Comms Link detected (glows amber)
• LED 2 (to right) – Activity Detected (flashes green)
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3.4 Utility Connections
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3.4.1
(FUTURE)
REDUNDANCY Connector, DB-9F
The REDUNDANCY connector provides the 1:1 control (redundant switch) interface via a 9-pin Type ‘D’ female (DB-9F) connector. It is intended for future connection to a CRS-500 M:N Redundancy System.
The connector provides serial communications to transfer configuration information from the Prime to the Backup router and a Fault/Clock signal to signal the switch when a fault occurs.
The connector pinouts are as follows:
Pin # Name Signal Function
1 GND
2
3
MDM_COM_IN
TX_IF_MUTE_B
UART comm to modem from controller
(9600 to115.2BUAD)
Capability to mute modem’s Tx IF (Low=Mute) (Use pull-up on Modem side input)
4 ONLINE Commands modem to be Online/Offline
(Use pull-up on Modem side input)
5 MDM_COM_OUT_ENA Enable “Mdm_Comm_Out” signal
6 MDM_COM_OUT
7
8
9
SER_CLK
SER_DATA
12VOLT_OUT
UART comm. from modem to controller
(9600 to115.2BUAD)
Fault Serial Clock Signal 64KHz
Fault Serial Data Signal from modem
+12 Volts at 300 ma
Type
Gnd
LVTTL Input
LVTTL Input
LVTTL Input
LVTTL Output
LVTTL Output
LVTTL Output
LVTTL Output
12V 300 ma
3.4.2 CONSOLE (Remote Control Interface) Connector, DB-9M
The CONSOLE connector provides the remote control interface via a 9-pin
Type ‘D’ male (DB-9M) connector. The settings for this serial interface are always 38400/8-N-1. It is intended for connection to an M&C computer or terminal device for EIA-232.
The connector pinouts are as follows:
Pin # Description
1 Ground
4 Reserved - do not connect to this pin
5 Ground
6 Reserved
7 Reserved
8 Reserved
9 Reserved
Direction
–
Out
In
–
–
–
–
–
–
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3.4.3 MONITOR Connector, DB-15M
The MONITOR connector provides the Rx constellation and analog AGC level of the selected demod via a 15-pin Type ‘D’ male (DB-15M) connector.
The connector pinouts are as follows:
12
13
14
15
Pin # Description
1 Ground
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Direction
–
Reserved –
Constellation Q channel Out
Reserved –
Reserved –
Reserved –
Reserved –
Reserved –
9
10
11
Reserved –
Reserved –
Constellation I channel
Reserved –
Rx AGC (0-3V)
Reserved –
Reserved –
3.4.4 MANAGEMENT FE (M&C) Connector, RJ-45F
The MANAGEMENT FE 10/100 Ethernet connector is an 8-pin, RJ-45 female autosensing port, used for Ethernet-based remote management and control (M&C) of
CDD-880 functions via Telnet/HTTP/SNMP. The connector pinouts are as follows:
Pin # Description
1 TRP1+
2 TRP1-
3 TRP2+
4 TRP3+
5 TRP3-
6 TRP2-
7 TRP4+
8 TRP4-
Direction
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
The port features two operational LED indicators:
• LED 1 (to left) – Comms Link detected (glows amber)
• LED 2 (to right) – Activity detected (flashes green)
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3.5 Power / Ground Connections
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3.5.1 Alternating Current (AC) Power Connector (Standard)
IMPORTANT
For continued operator safety, always replace the fuses with the correct type and rating.
A standard, detachable, non-locking, 3-prong power cord (IEC plug) supplies the Alternating Current (AC) power to the CDD-880. The
IEC line input connector contains the ON/OFF switch for the unit. It also is fitted with two fuses, one each for line and neutral connections (or L1, L2, where appropriate). These are contained within the body of the connector, behind a small plastic flap.
Observe the following:
Input Power
Input Voltage
AC Power Specifications
40W maximum, 20W typical
100 - 240 volts AC, +6%/-10% - autosensing
(total absolute max. range is 90 - 254 volts AC)
Connector Type IEC
Fuse Protection T3.15A Slow-blow (for 120/230 volt AC operation)
Line and neutral fusing
20 mm type fuses
3.5.2 Ground Connector
A #10-32 stud is provided on the unit rear panel for connection of a common chassis ground among equipment.
Note: The AC power connector provides the safety ground.
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Chapter 4. FLASH UPGRADING
4.1 Flash Updating via Internet
The CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router uses ‘Flash memory’ technology internally. This makes
software upgrading very simple, and updates can now be sent over satellite, via the Internet (Figure
This chapter outlines the complete upgrading process as follows:
• New firmware can be downloaded via the Internet to an external PC.
• The upgrade can be performed without opening the unit over satellite or by simply connecting the unit to the Ethernet port of the external PC.
• The firmware update is transferred, via File Transfer Protocol (FTP), from the external PC to the unit.
Figure 4-1. Flash Update via Internet
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4.2 Ethernet FTP Upload Procedure
Step Procedure
1 Identify the reflashable product, firmware number, and version for download. a) Using a terminal emulator connected to the serial CONSOLE port, upon power-up of the unit a number of operational parameters, including the firmware number and version, are displayed on the Command Line Interface as per the following example:
2 b) Alternately, when using the Web Server Interface (via the MANAGEMENT FE 10/100
BaseT Fast Ethernet port), the Bootrom, Slot1 and Slot2 firmware loads may be obtained from viewing the ‘Admin | Firmware’ page:
For detailed information about this page, see Chapter 5, Section 5.4.4.3.4.
Create a temporary folder (directory) on an external PC:
• For Windows Explorer: Select File > New > Folder to create a new folder, then rename it from “New Folder” to "temp" or another convenient, unused name.
Assuming "temp" works, a "c:\temp" folder should now be created.
Note: The drive letter c: is used in this example. Any valid writable drive letter can be used.
• For Windows Command-line: Click [Start] on the Windows taskbar, then click the “Run...” icon (or, depending on Windows OS versions prior to Windows 95, click the “MS-DOS Prompt” icon from the Main Menu). Then, to open a
Command-line window… o For Windows 95 or Windows 98 – Type “command”.
• o For any Windows OS versions later than Windows 98 – Type “cmd” or
“command”.
Alternately, from [Start], select All Programs > Accessories > Command
Prompt.
At the Command-line prompt (c:\>), type “mkdir temp” or “md temp” (without quotes – mkdir and md stand for make directory). This is the same as creating a new folder from Windows Explorer. There should now be a "c:\temp" subdirectory created (where c: is the drive letter used in this example).
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3
Download the correct firmware file to this temporary folder. As shown in Figure 4-1:
a) Go online to: www.comtechefdata.com
;
6
7
4
5
8 g) Select the appropriate firmware download hyperlink.
About Firmware Numbers, File Versions, and Formats:
Comtech EF Data’s Web site catalogues its flashable firmware upgrade files by product type (e.g., modem, converter, etc.) and specific model/optional configuration.
For the CDD-880, the firmware download hyperlink appears as FW0000423X_V### (where ‘X’ denotes the revision letter, and ### represents the firmware version).
The current version firmware release is provided. If applicable, one version prior to the current release is also available. Be sure to identify and download the desired version.
The downloadable files are stored in two formats: *.exe (self-extracting) and *.zip
(compressed). Some firewalls will not allow the downloading of *.exe files. In this case, download the *.zip file instead.
For additional help with "zipped" file types, refer to PKZIP for Windows, WinZip, or ZipCentral help files. PKZIP for DOS is not supported due to file naming conventions.
Extract the files into the temporary folder on the PC. At least two files should be extracted:
• FW0000423x.bin, where ‘x’ denotes the bulk image revision letter.
• CDD-880_ReleaseNotes_vXXX.pdf, where ‘XXX’ denotes the firmware version.
Confirm that the files have been extracted to the specified temporary folder on the PC.
Using Command-line, type “cd c:\temp” to change to the temporary directory created in
Step 2, then use the “dir” command to list the files extracted from the downloaded archive file.
Connect the external PC to the MANAGEMENT FE 10/100 BaseT Ethernet port, via a hub or a switch, or directly to a PC with a crossover cable.
Send a “ping” command to the unit to verify the connection and communication:
First, determine the IP address of the unit remotely or by using the Web Server Interface:
• Remotely – Use <0/IPA? command; the unit’s configured IP address is returned, e.g., >0000/IPA=192.168.1.38/24
• Via Web Server Interface – View the ‘Configuration | Interface | FE Mgt’ page.
Then, using Command-line to PING: At the Command-line prompt, type “ping
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx” (where ‘xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx’ is the Management IP address of the unit).
The results should confirm whether or not the modem is connected and communicating.
Initiate an FTP session with the unit (this example uses a Command-line window): a) From the PC, type "ftp xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx" where ‘xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx’ is the Management
IP address of the CDD-880. b) Verify the FTP transfer is binary by typing "bin".
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Transfer the files:
Type "put FW0000423x.bin" (where ‘x’ denotes the revision letter) to begin the file transfers.
It will take a few seconds to transfer the file.
The process sequences through several blocks – this may take several minutes. When the upgrade image has been received, the image will be written to flash memory and the message
“UPLOAD COMPLETE” will be displayed.
Verify the file transfer. a) Terminate the FTP session by typing "bye" and closing the Command-line window. b) Verify that the new file loaded using either the CONSOLE or Web interface as described in Step 1.
Select the desired Slot (image) to boot:
Via the Web Server Interface’s Admin | Firmware page, use the ‘Boot From:’ drop-down menu to select Latest, Slot 1, or Slot 2, then click [Submit] to save the desired setting.
By default, the unit will boot to the Slot that stores the firmware version having the latest date
(Boot From: Latest).
12 Reboot the CDD-880. The firmware upgrade is implemented at this time.
Flash Upgrading of the CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router is now complete.
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Chapter 5. ETHERNET
MANAGEMENT
5.1 Introduction
The CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router is equipped with an RJ-45 10/100 BaseT Ethernet management interface, labeled MANAGEMENT FE, that is used for monitor and control purposes.
This chapter provides a high-level overview of the functionality provided by this interface. For details about using the CDD-880’s serial remote interface, see Appendix B. REMOTE CONTROL.
5.2 Ethernet Management Interface Protocols
The CDD-880’s 10/100 BaseT Fast Ethernet (FE) Management Interface supports two management protocols:
• SNMP with public and private MIB
• Web Server (HTTP) Interface for complete product management
5.2.1 Ethernet Management Interface Access
Access to the CDD-880 Ethernet
Management Interface requires the user to specify the unit’s Management IP
Address. This address may be obtained via use of a terminal emulator connected to the 9-pin serial CONSOLE port. As per the example shown to the right, a number of operational parameters
(including the unit’s default factoryassigned IP addresses) are displayed upon power-up of the unit.
The unit’s default factory-assigned IP addresses are as follows:
Management IP Address
Traffic (GigE) IP Address
192.1.1.11
10.10.1.11
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If otherwise assigned, the user may write down the IP Addresses for future reference:
UNIT MANAGEMENT IP ADDRESS: __ ___________________
UNIT TRAFFIC IP ADDRESS: __ ___________________
5.3 SNMP Interface
The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an application-layer protocol designed to facilitate the exchange of management information between network devices. The CDD-880
SNMP agent supports both SNMPv1 and v2c.
For proper SNMP operation, the CDD-880 MIB files must be used with the associated version of the CDD-880 router M&C. Please refer to the CDD-880 FW
Release Notes for information on the required FW/SW compatibility.
IMPORTANT
5.3.1 Management Information Base (MIB) Files
MIB files are used for SNMP remote management and consist of Object Identifiers (OIDs). Each
OID is a node that provides remote management of a particular function. A MIB file is a tree of nodes that is unique to a particular device.
The following MIB files are associated with the CDD-880:
MIB File/Name
FW10874-2-.mib
ComtechEFData
Root MIB file
Description
ComtechEFData MIB file gives the root tree for ALL Comtech EF Data products and consists of only the following OID:
Name: comtechEFData
Type: MODULE-IDENTITY
OID: 1.3.6.1.4.1.6247
Full path: iso(1).org(3).dod(6).internet(1).private(4).enterprises(1).comtechEFData(
6247)
Module: ComtechEFData
FW-0000423- .mib
CDD-880 MIB file
MIB file consists of all of the OID’s for management of the router functions
These MIB files should be compiled in a MIB Browser or SNMP Network Monitoring System server.
Note: The SNMP agent supports both SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c.
5.3.2 SNMP Community Strings
The router uses community strings as a password scheme that provides authentication before gaining access to the router agent’s MIBs.
In SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c, the community string is sent unencrypted in the SNMP packets.
Caution must be taken by the network administrator to ensure that SNMP packets travel only over a secure and private network if security is a concern. A packet sniffer can easily obtain the community string by viewing the SNMP traffic on the network.
The community string is typed into the MIB Browser or Network Node Management software and is used to authenticate users and determine access privileges to the SNMP agent.
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The user defines two Community Strings for SNMP access:
• Read Community default = public
• Write Community default = private
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5.4 Web Server (HTTP) Interface
The sections that follow describe the functionality of the CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router Web
Server (HTTP) Interface.
5.4.1 Web Server Introduction
The embedded Web Server application provides the user with an easy to use interface to configure and monitor all aspects of the CDD-880. These Web pages have been designed for optimal performance when using Microsoft’s
Internet Explorer Version 7.0 or higher (the examples shown use Internet Explorer Version 7.0).
The user can fully control and monitor base operations of the CDD-880 from the Web Server
Interface. By rolling the cursor over the navigation tabs located at the top of each page (right), the user can select from the available nested tabs.
5.4.2 User Login
To initiate a Web session with the CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router, from the PC type
http://www.xxx.yyy.zzzz (where “www.xxx.yyy.zzz” represents the Management IP address of the
CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router) into the Address area of the Web browser:
The user is then prompted to type in a valid User Name and Password, similar to the dialog box shown to the right. The default for both is
comtech. Type the User Name and Password, then click [OK].
Once the valid User Name and Password are accepted, the user will see the CDD-880 Multi
Receiver Router Web Server Interface “splash” page, similar to the example shown to the right:
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5.4.3 Web Server Menu Tree
The operations available through this interface are illustrated by this menu tree:
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The CDD-880 Web Server Interface provides access to five (5) navigation tabs (shown in blue):
• Home • Admin • Configuration • Status • Utility
Beyond this top-level row of navigation tabs, the diagram illustrates the available primary (green) and nested (yellow) page tabs that afford the user more specific functionality.
IMPORTANT
The CDM-840 Web Server Interface pages in this diagram that are marked with double asterisks (**) are functional only when the specified items (e.g., LNBs) are installed.
Click any tab to continue.
5.4.4 Web Server Page Descriptions
IMPORTANT
Access to and availability of certain CDD-880 Web Server Interface pages are dependent upon the FAST options purchased for operation as well as the detected presence of auxiliary equipment (e.g., Low Noise Block Down
Converter, Redundancy Switch, etc.) installed and configured for use with the
CDD-880. Such operational restrictions will be noted in the subsections that follow through the end of this chapter.
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5.4.4.1 About the Virtual Front Panel
Each page in the CDD-880 Web Server Interface features a ‘Virtual Front Panel’. This read-only display emulates the operational state of the CDD-880 front panel LEDs, affording the user with true ‘heads-up’ operational status indicators that react dynamically to the configuration changes made via the Web Server Interface pages.
5.4.4.2 Home Pages
Click the Home or Contact tab to continue.
5.4.4.2.1 Home | Home
Figure 5-1. CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router Home (Splash) page
From any location within the Web Server Interface, the user can click the Home top navigation tab and/or the nested tab to return back to this top-level “splash” page.
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5.4.4.2.2 Home | Contact
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Figure 5-2. Home | Contact page
The ‘Home | Contact’ page (Figure 5-2) provides basic contact information to reach Comtech
EF Data Sales and Customer Support via phone, fax, or Web/e-mail hyperlinks.
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5.4.4.3 Admin Pages
The ‘Admin’ pages (Figure 5-3 through Figure 5-7) provide the means to set up the access
parameters required to facilitate communication with the CDD-880 Web Server Interface.
IMPORTANT
The Admin pages are available only to users who have logged in using the
Administrator Name and Password.
Click
5.4.4.3.1 Admin | Access
Figure 5-3. Admin | Access page
The ‘Admin | Access’ page (Figure 5-3) provides the means to set up the user names and
passwords that facilitate access to the CDD-880 Web Server Interface.
User
The factory default for both the User Name and Password is comtech. Note the following:
• The User Name can be any alphanumeric combination with a maximum length of 15 characters.
• The Password can be any alphanumeric combination with a maximum length of 15 characters. Once created, re-enter that Password in the Confirm Password text box.
Click [Submit] as needed to save the desired User Name and Password that have been created using this page.
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5.4.4.3.2 Admin | SNMP
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Figure 5-4. Admin | SNMP page
The ‘Admin | SNMP’ page (Figure 5-4) sets and returns administration information for the
CDD-880 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) feature. For further information about
SNMP, see Section 5.3 SNMP INTERFACE.
SNMP Configuration
Use the provided text boxes to assign the desired SNMP configuration string. For each string created, click [Submit] as needed to save the change(s). Note the following:
•
(FUTURE) A single SNMP Trap Destination IP Address can be assigned.
• An SNMP Read Community String can be assigned. This string can be any combination of characters and a length of 4 - 15 characters. The factory default for this parameter is public.
• An SNMP Write Community String. This string can be any combination of characters and a length of 4 - 15 characters. The factory default for this parameter is private.
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5.4.4.3.3 Admin | FAST
IMPORTANT
Upgrading the FAST features will cause the unit to reboot with reconfiguration of all appropriate operating parameters.
Figure 5-5. Admin | FAST page
The CDD-880 incorporates a number of optional features that may be activated by the user after purchase via Fully Accessible System Topology (FAST) codes, which are special authorization
codes obtained from Comtech EF Data loaded into the unit via the ‘Admin | FAST’ page (Figure
5-5). These unique access codes may be purchased during normal business hours from Comtech
EF Data.
FAST Configuration
This read-only section displays the CDD-880’s available FAST Features and the operational status for each available option. Each available feature is listed in the Option column. When an option is enabled, the Status column identifies the option as such along with its operational parameter(s); if an option is not enabled, the column will display this information accordingly.
FAST Access
The serial number of the unit, required by Comtech EF Data when ordering FAST option upgrades, is provided here for user reference. Once a 20-digit FAST authorization code is obtained from Comtech EF Data, enter this code carefully into the FAST Code text box, then click [Submit]. The unit will either accept or reject the code, and the FAST Configuration section will refresh to reflect any upgrades in operation.
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5.4.4.3.4 Admin | Firmware
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Figure 5-6. Admin | Firmware page
The ‘Admin | Firmware’ page (Figure 5-6) is used to select the current active firmware image
to be loaded for operation upon power-up or soft reboot.
Slot Information
This read-only status section provides information about the firmware loaded into boot Slot 1 or
Slot 2.
Firmware Configuration
Using the Boot From: drop-down menu, select Latest, Slot 1, or Slot 2, then click [Submit] when done. The default selection is Latest where, the unit will automatically select the image that contains the most current firmware.
In this example, Slot 1 is selected to become the active loaded Bootrom – the user must reboot the unit in order for this change to take effect. Note that the Firmware Information section, which displays Slot 2 as the designated current active firmware image, will not update until after the unit is rebooted.
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5.4.4.3.5 Admin | Auto Logout
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Figure 5-7. Admin | Auto Logout page
The ‘Admin | Auto Logout’ page (Figure 5-7) provides a security measure for safeguarding
access to a previously logged-in unit.
Once configured, the active session will be terminated if the unit is allowed to remain idle (i.e., when no user activity occurs) for the specified Auto Logout timeframe. A valid user name and password will then be required to open a new session with the CDD-880 Web Server Interface.
Auto Logout Configuration
To configure the Auto Logout feature, enter a value of 1 – 15 minutes into the Logout Time box.
Entering a value of 0 disables the Auto Logout feature. Once the desired setting has been entered, click [Submit] to save this change.
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5.4.4.4 Configuration Pages
The ‘Configuration’ pages are used to configure all router parameters. Click the Interface,
Demod, ARP, or Routing tab to continue (the ‘Configuration | LNB’ page is inoperable at this time).
5.4.4.4.1 Configuration | Interface
5.4.4.4.1.1 Configuration | Interface | FE Mgt
Figure 5-8. Configuration | Interface | FE Mgt page
The ‘Configuration | Interface | FE Mgt’ page (Figure 5-8) permits the user to configure the
10/100 BaseT Fast Ethernet (FE) Management (M&C) port.
FE – Management Interface
MAC Address – This parameter is read-only and cannot be changed.
IP Address / CIDR Mask – Enter the IP Address and CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)
Subnet Mask using this box (the Subnet Mask valid range is from 8 – 30).
Link Configuration – Use the drop-down menu to select the line speed and duplex setting for the
CDD-880’s FE interface. The available options are:
• Auto • 100 BaseT / Full Duplex • 10 BaseT / Full Duplex
• 1000 BaseT / Full Duplex
(GigE only)
• 100 BaseT / Half Duplex • 10 BaseT / Half Duplex
Note: If the configuration of the port is unknown, then “Auto” is the recommended configuration.
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Negotiated Link Mode – The read-only actual negotiated line speed and duplex setting for the
FE interface is displayed here. The viewable settings are:
• 1000 BaseT / Full Duplex
• 100 BaseT / Full Duplex
(GigE only)
• 100 BaseT / Half Duplex
• 10 BaseT / Full Duplex
• 10 BaseT / Half Duplex
Once the desired configuration settings have been made on this page, click [Submit] as needed to save these changes.
5.4.4.4.1.2 Configuration | Interface | GE
Figure 5-9. Configuration | Interface | GE page
The ‘Configuration | Interface | GE’ and ‘GE-2’ page (Figure 5-9) permits the user to
configure the GE (10/100/1000 BaseT Gigabit Ethernet) port.
GE Interface
The configuration options available for both pages are identical to those provided on the
‘Configuration | Interface | FE Mgt’ page. Refer back to Section 5.5.4.4.1.1 for information about using the features of this page.
Note: As a router, the FE and GigE must be on difference subnets.
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5.4.4.4.2 Configuration | Demod
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Figure 5-10. Configuration| Mod page
The ‘Configuration | Demod’ page (Figure 5-10) permits the user to configure CDD-880 Tx
modulator operations. Note that, for any configuration item requiring text entry, a reference to the operational ranges for that text box is provided to the right of that text box.
Global Demodulator Settings
Base Rx Frequency – The Base Rx Frequency defines the 70 MHz range for which all demods must be configured.
Enter the router’s Base Rx Frequency, in MHz. The valid ranges are from 950 to 2080 MHz.
Once the desired Base Rx Frequency has been set, click [Submit] as needed to save this change.
Individual Demodulator Settings
The Web Server Interface polls current operations and populates this section with the configured
Demodulators (i.e., Demod #1 through Demod #12). If a slot is polled as empty or otherwise unrecognizable, a message is displayed – e.g., Demod #X is not installed – in place of a configurable row of parameters. For each operating demodulator, note the following:
Rx Symbol Rate – Enter the symbol rate, in ksps. The valid range is from 16 ksps. – 4.5 Mbps.
Rx Data Rate – Enter the data rate, in kbps. The valid range is from 16 kbps – 15.350 Mbps.
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Frequency – Enter the Rx frequency, in MHz. The valid range is from 950 – 2150 MHz.
Rx MODCOD – Use the drop-down menu to select the Demodulation type and FEC rate
(MODCOD). Selections are as follows:
• VersaFEC – QPSK 0.488 • VersaFEC – 8-QAM 0.642
• VersaFEC – QPSK 0.533 • VersaFEC – 8-QAM 0.711
• VersaFEC – QPSK 0.631 • VersaFEC – 8-QAM 0.780
• VersaFEC – QPSK 0.706 • VersaFEC – 16-QAM 0.731
• VersaFEC – QPSK 0.803 • VersaFEC – 16-QAM 0.780
• VersaFEC – 16-QAM 0.829
• VersaFEC – 16-QAM 0.853
Rx Spectrum Invert – Use the drop-down menu to select Spectrum Inversion operation as either
Normal or Inverted.
Rx Descram – Use the drop-down menu to select Rx Descrambling as either Off or Normal.
Eb/No Alarm Pt – The value referred to here, as calculated by the demodulator, is the energy per bit (Eb), divided by the noise spectral density (No). Enter the Eb/No Alarm Point value, in dB.
The valid range is from 0.1 – 16.0.
Circuit ID –Enter a Circuit ID string consisting of 4 to 24 characters. Once the desired string had been entered in this section, click [Submit] as needed to save this change.
5.4.4.4.3 Configuration | LNB (Low Noise Block Down Converter)
(FUTURE)
IMPORTANT
Operation of the CDD-880 with a Low Noise Block Down Converter is reserved as a future operational feature. While the Configuration | LNB tab is selectable, and the page is viewable, it is inoperable at present.
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5.4.4.4.4 Configuration | ARP
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Figure 5-11. Configuration | ARP page
The ‘Configuration | ARP’ page (Figure 5-12) is used to configure the router’s ARP (Address
Resolution Protocol) parameters.
Add Static ARP
This section allows the user to directly add a static ARP entry. Note that the index will automatically increment to the next available number.
Click [Add Entry] once all changes have been made in this section.
Delete Static ARP
Enter Entry Index to Delete, then click [Delete Entry] once this information has been entered in this section.
Flush Dynamic ARPs
Click [Flush ARP Table] to delete all dynamically learned ARP entries.
ARP Table (Edit)
This section displays all current Static and Dynamic ARP entries, and allows to user to directly edit the current Static ARP entries. Note the following:
Index (read-only) – This is the internal table index and it cannot be edited;
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IP – Entry IP Address, format XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX;
MAC – Entry MAC Address, format YY:YY:YY:YY:YY;
Type (read-only) – Entry Type is identifiable as Static or Dynamic and cannot be edited.
Click [Submit Changes] once the desired edits have been made in this section.
5.4.4.4.5 Configuration | Routing
Figure 5-12. Configuration | Routing (Routes) page
By using the ‘Configuration | Routing (Routes)’ page (Figure 5-13) static routes can be entered
to route IP traffic to another device on the local LAN.
Add New Route
This section allows the user to directly add a route entry using text boxes and drop-down menus as described below for the Route Table (Edit) section.
Click [Add Entry] once all settings have been created in this section. Note that, when a new route is added, the index automatically increments to the next available number.
Delete Route
Enter Route Index to Delete, then click [Delete Entry] once all changes have been made to this section. The specified route entry will then be deleted from the route table.
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Route Table (Edit)
This section displays and allows the user to edit all current Route Table entries. Note the following:
Index – This is the internal table index that is automatically assigned and cannot be edited.
Desc. – Enter a string label in this text box. Provided to help users maintain their network, the assigned name cannot contain any whitespace and must be unique.
Dest. IP/Mask – Enter a Destination IP Address/Mask in the form XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX/YY.
Interf – This section defaults only to toLAN.
Next Hop IP – Enter the desired Next Hop IP Address for toLAN routes.
Click [Submit Changes] once all changes have been made to this section.
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5.4.4.5 Status pages
The Status pages ( through ) provide the user with status, event logging, and operational statistics windows. Click the Statistics or Monitor tab to continue.
5.4.4.5.1 Status | Statistics pages
5.4.4.5.1.1 Status | Statistics | Summary
Figure 5-13. Status | Statistics | Summary page
The ‘Status | Statistics | Summary’ page (Figure 5-14) provides the user with read-only,
abridged status windows pertaining to the basic operational statistics for the Demodulator or
Ethernet traffic.
Demod Statistics
Note that, while the demodulator traffic information on the ‘Status | Statistics | Demod’ page is tallied on a per-demod basis, the information on this page is tallied on a cumulative (unit) basis. For each unit, note the following:
Pkts Received – Packets received.
UC Pkts Received – Unicast packets received.
MC Pkts Received – Multicast packets received.
Current (Mbps) – Most recent symbol rate (in megabits per second).
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Maximum (Mbps) – Peak symbol rate (in megabits per second).
Ethernet Statistics
Total Pkts Tx – Total number of packets transmitted.
Total Pkts Rx – Total number of packets received.
UC Pkts Tx – Unicast packets transmitted.
UC Pkts Rx – Unicast packets received.
MC Pkts Tx – Multicast packets transmitted.
MC Pkts Rx – Multicast packets received.
Current Tx (Mbps) – Most recent transmitted data rate (in megabits per second).
Current Rx (Mbps) – Most recently received data rate (in megabits per second).
Maximum Tx (Mbps) – Peak transmitted data rate (in megabits per second).
Maximum Rx (Mbps) – Peak received data rate (in megabits per second).
Click [Clear All Stats] to delete all existing entries from the Summary Statistics page.
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5.4.4.5.1.2 Status | Statistics | Demod
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Figure 5-14. Status | Statistics | Demod page
The ‘Status | Statistics | Demod’ page (Figure 5-15) is used to view cumulative demodulator
traffic information.
The Web Server Interface polls current operations and populates this section with the configured demodulators (i.e., Demod #1 through Demod #12). If a slot is polled as empty or otherwise unrecognizable, a message is displayed – e.g., Demod #X is not installed – in place of a configurable row of parameters.
Demod Statistics
Note that, whereas the information provided on the ‘Status | Statistics | Summary’ page is tallied on a cumulative (unit) basis, the information on this page is tallied on a per-demod basis.
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For each operating demodulator, note the following:
Pkts Rx – Packets received.
UC Pkts Rx – Unicast packets received.
MC Pkts Rx – Multicast packets received.
Current (Mbps) – Most recent symbol rate (in megabits per second).
Maximum (Mbps) – Peak symbol rate (in megabits per second).
(Satellite Rx Statistics)
Satellite RX Overrun Errors – Packets dropped after being combined from all 12 demods
(aggregate data rate too high).
Satellite RX Oversized Errors – Packets dropped because size is greater than 2047 bytes.
Satellite RX Undersized Errors – Packets dropped because size is smaller than WAN frame
(usually due to channel noise).
On a per-demod (i.e., Demod #1 through Demod #12) basis:
Satellite RX Frame CRC Errors – Streamline decoder CRC error – packet discarded.
Satellite RX Packets Dropped – Packets dropped before being combined into aggregate path
(aggregate data rate too high).
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5.4.4.5.1.3 Status | Statistics | Router
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Figure 5-15. Status | Statistics | Router page
The ‘Status | Statistics | Router’ page (Figure 5-16) is used to view cumulative router traffic
information.
Clear Statistics
Click [Clear] to clear all router statistics from the buffer.
Interface Counters / Router Counters / Management Counters
For each section, click [Refresh] to update the section with its latest available statistics.
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5.4.4.5.2 Status | Monitor page
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Figure 5-16. Status | Monitor page
The ‘Status | Monitor’ page (Figure 5-17) provides an alarms summary table plus a scrollable read-
only window that displays any events and alarms as logged by the unit during normal operation.
Alarms
This read-only section provides an overall tally of the Unit, Tx, Rx, and LNB Alarms compiled since the logging buffer was last cleared.
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Input Port Status
This read-only section provides, on an active demod basis, an overall tally of the parameters compiled since the logging buffer was last cleared. For each active demodulator, note the following:
Lock – VersaFEC decoder lock.
Eb/No (dB) – Estimated channel noise level.
Estimated Corrected BER – Bit Error Rate after VersaFEC decoding.
RSSI (dB) – Relative Signal Strength Indicator (0 – 60 dB of demod’s operating range).
Rx Freq Offset – Estimated offset from demod’s configured frequency (in Hz).
Events
Each event or alarm is logged, date- and time-stamped, and a Description is provided.
Click [Clear Event Table] to delete all existing log entries from the Router Events Log. The log is then reset to one (1) entry: “Info: Log Cleared”.
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5.4.4.6 Utility page
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Figure 5-17. Utility page
The ‘Utility’ page (Figure 5-18) provides an array of top-level system operation controls,
configuration storage/selection, and test utilities.
Modem
Unit Name – The assigned product label is identified here.
System Contact / System Location – E-mail and telephone contact information for Comtech EF
Data Customer Support are provided here.
Click [Submit] once the desired changes have been made to these items.
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Set Time (hh:mm:ss) – Enter a time using HH:MM:SS format (where HH = hour [00 to 23],
MM = minutes [00 to 59], and SS = seconds [00 to 59]).
Set Date (dd/mm/yy) – Enter a date using the European time format DD/MM/YY (where
DD = day [01 to 31], MM = month [01 to 12], and YY = year [00 to 99]).
Click [Submit] once the desired changes have been made for the time and date.
Adjustment for Internal 10 MHz Reference – Enter a value from -999 to (+)999, then click
[Submit] as needed to save this setting.
Save/Load Configuration
This section allows the user to save, then load (recall) up to 10 configuration sets.
To save a configuration set: After all configuration parameters have been adjusted to suit, use the top (Save) Select Location dropdown to select 0 through 9, then click [Save Configuration] as needed to store the specified configuration settings.
To load (recall) a configuration set: Use the bottom (Load) Select Location dropdown to select 0 through 9, then click [Load Configuration] as needed to recall the selected configuration settings.
BERT
(Where BERT is the acronym for Bit Error Rate Test)
Bert Config – Using the drop-down menus:
• Select the Rx BERT State as On or Off;
• Select the Rx BERT Pattern as 2^23-1 (2 23
-1) or 2047;
Once the desired BERT settings have been entered in this section, click [Submit] as needed to save and execute these changes.
Bert Monitor – This read-only section displays the ongoing BERT. Click [Restart] to restart the
BERT Monitor, or [Update] to refresh a test already in progress.
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Ethernet Management
Notes:
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Chapter 6. FORWARD ERROR
CORRECTION
6.1 Introduction
The Forward Error Correction (FEC) method utilized by the CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router is a completely new family of short-block Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes with very low latency called VersaFEC
®
. A patents-pending technology wholly owned and developed by
Comtech EF Data and CEFD sister division Comtech AHA Corp. (the VersaFEC name is a trademark registered to Comtech AHA), VersaFEC is ideal for lower data rates that demand the shortest possible latency.
6.2 VersaFEC (Short-block LDPC)
While LDPC coding represents a very significant development in the area of FEC and the performance of LDPC is exceptional in terms of coding gain, its higher latency is considered disadvantageous in some applications.
Since the introduction of Comtech’s LDPC, considerable research has been carried out to find ways to reduce the block size of LDPC (and hence its latency) while preserving the coding gain performance very close to the Shannon bound.
The VersaFEC code set was developed with two distinct purposes:
1) To provide an expanded choice of combinations of modulation and coding that significantly reduces latency without compromising coding gain performance.
2) To provide combinations of modulation and coding (ModCods) that are not only suitable for
Constant Coding and Modulation (CCM) applications, but are also the basis for a patentpending Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM) system (ACM will be available in future releases of the CDD-880).
VersaFEC represents the best FEC technology currently available, and is offered with a sufficient range of code rates and modulation types that link performance can be optimized under almost any conditions. The performance of the VersaFEC codes compared with the Shannon bound is shown
Note that SNR is used in place of Eb/No – a convention for comparing ACM ModCods. SNR is defined as Eb/No + 10 log
(Spectral Efficiency).
6–1
CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router
Forward Error Correction
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MN-CDD880
Figure 6-1. The VersaFEC Codes versus Shannon Capacity
There are 12 ModCods in the VersaFEC set (Table 6-1). The modulation types (BPSK,
QPSK, 8-QAM and 16-QAM) and the code rates have been chosen to give a continuous progression of performance in terms of both Eb/No and spectral efficiency – an essential aspect of a well-engineered ACM system.
Table 6-1. The VersaFEC ModCod Set
Modulation Code Rate
Spectral
Efficiency, bps/Hz
Block size, bits
Typical
Eb/No, for
BER = 5 x 10 -8
Latency at
64 kbps, in milliseconds
Min. Data
Rate,
CCM mode
Max. Data
Rate,
CCM mode
BPSK 0.488 0.49 2k 2.4 26 16 2.19 Mbps
8-QAM
8-QAM
8-QAM
16-QAM
16-QAM
16-QAM
16-QAM
0.642
0.711
0.780
0.731
0.780
0.829
0.853
1.93
2.13
2.34
2.93
3.12
3.32
3.41
6.1k
6.1k
6.1k
8.2k
8.2k
8.2k
8.2k
4.6 dB
5.2 dB
5.6 dB
6.3 dB
7.0 dB
7.5 dB
8.0 dB
6–2
89
93
97
125
129
131
132
31 kbps
35 kbps
38 kbps
47 kbps
50 kbps
54 kbps
55 kbps
8.67 Mbps
9.60 Mbps
10.53 Mbps
13.16 Mbps
14.04 Mbps
14.91 Mbps
15.35 Mbps
CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router
Forward Error Correction
Revision 0
MN-CDD880
6.3 CDD-880 Error Performance Characteristics
Figure 6-2 through Figure 6-5 illustrate the guaranteed error performance characteristics of the
CDD-880.
Eb/No in dB
1E-1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Uncoded
BPSK/QPSK
Comtech VersaFEC® Codec
Rate 0.488 BPSK
1E-2
1E-3
1E-4
1E-5
1E-6
1E-7
1E-8
1E-9
BER
Rate
0.488
BPSK
Typical performance shown - guaranteed performance curve is 0.3 dB to the right
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Figure 6-2. VersaFEC Codec – BPSK, Rate 0.488
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CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router
Forward Error Correction
Revision 0
MN-CDD880
1E-2
1E-3
1E-4
1E-5
1E-1
1E-6
1E-7
1E-8
1E-9
BER
Rate
0.533
QPSK
Rate
0.631
QPSK
Rate
0.706
QPSK
Rate
0.803
QPSK
Comtech VersaFEC® Codec
Rate 0.533, 0.631, 0.706, and 0.803 QPSK
Eb/No in dB
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Uncoded
BPSK/QPSK
Typical performance shown - guaranteed performance curves are 0.3 dB to the right
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Figure 6-3. VersaFEC Codec – QPSK, Rate 0.533, 0.631, 0.706 and 0.803
6–4
CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router
Forward Error Correction
Revision 0
MN-CDD880
Eb/No in dB
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1E-1
1E-2
1E-3
1E-4
1E-5
1E-6
1E-7
1E-8
1E-9
BER
Uncoded
BPSK/QPSK
Rate
0.642
8-QAM
Rate
0.711
8-QAM
Rate
0.780
8-QAM
Comtech VersaFEC® Codec
Rate 0.642, 0.711, 0.780
8-QAM
Uncoded
8-PSK
Typical performance show guaranteed performance curves are 0.3 dB to the right
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Figure 6-4. VersaFEC Codec – 8-QAM, Rate 0.642, 0.711, and 0.780
6–5
CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router
Forward Error Correction
Revision 0
MN-CDD880
1E-1
Eb/No in dB
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Comtech VersaFEC® Codec
Rate 0.731, 0.780, 0.829
and 0.853 16-QAM
1E-4
1E-5
1E-6
1E-2
1E-3
Uncoded BPSK/QPSK
Rate
0.731
16-QAM
Rate
0.780
16-QAM
Rate
0.829
16-QAM
Rate
0.853
16-QAM
Uncoded 16-QAM
1E-7
1E-8
Typical Performance shown - guaranteed performance curves
are 0.3dB to the right
1E-9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
BER
Figure 6-5. VersaFEC Codec – 16-QAM, Rate 0.731, 0.780, 0.829 and 0.853
6–6
Appendix A. FAST ACTIVATION
PROCEDURE
A.1 Introduction
The CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router is extremely flexible and powerful, and incorporates a number of optional features. In order to permit a lower initial cost, the unit may be purchased with only the desired features enabled.
If, at a later date, the user wishes to upgrade the functionality of a unit, Comtech EF Data provides
Fully Accessible System Topology (FAST), which permits the purchase and installation of options through special authorization codes. These unique Fast Access Codes may be purchased from
Comtech EF Data during normal business hours, then loaded into the unit using the Web Server
Interface (accessible via the MANAGEMENT FE remote port located on the unit rear panel).
FAST System Theory
FAST facilitates on-location upgrade of the operating feature set without removing a unit from the setup. With FAST technology, operators have maximum flexibility for enabling functions as they are required. FAST allows an operator to order a unit precisely tailored for the initial application.
When service requirements change, the operator can upgrade the topology of the unit to meet those requirements within minutes. This accelerated upgrade can be accomplished because of FAST’s extensive use of the programmable logic devices incorporated into Comtech EF Data products.
FAST Implementation
Comtech EF Data’s FAST system is factory-implemented in the unit. All FAST options are available through the basic platform unit at the time of order – FAST allows immediate activation of available options, after confirmation by Comtech EF Data, through the Web Server Interface.
FAST Accessible Options
Hardware options can be ordered and installed either at the factory or in the field. In the field, the operator can select options that can be easily activated, depending on the current hardware configuration of the unit. The unique access code that is purchased from Comtech EF Data enables configuration of the available hardware.
A–1
CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router
Appendix A
Revision 0
MN-CDD880
A.2 Activation Procedure via Web Server (HTTP) Interface
The CDD-880 available FAST options are listed – and the FAST Code entry/option activation controls are provided – via the Web Server Interface on the ‘Admin | FAST’ page.
Refer to Chapter 5.4. WEB SERVER (HTTP) INTERFACE for a complete overview on
CDD-880 operations via this interface.
A.2.1 View Currently Installed Features
To view currently installed features, the user may refer to the FAST Configuration section of the
‘Admin | FAST’ page:
This read-only section displays the CDD-880’s available FAST Features and the operational status for each available option. Each available feature is listed in the Option column. When an option is enabled, the Status column identifies the option as such along with its operational parameter(s); if an option is not enabled, the column will display this information accordingly.
A–2
CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router
Appendix A
Revision 0
MN-CDD880
A.2.2 Record Serial Number
When contacting a Comtech EF Data sales representative during normal business hours to order features, the user will be asked to provide the CDD-880’s serial number. This serial number is provided in the FAST Code section of the ‘Admin | FAST’ page:
The user should write this number down prior to contacting Comtech EF Data:
Unit Serial Number: _________________________
A.2.3 Acquire/Enter FAST Access Code
Once a valid unit serial number is provided to and verified by the Comtech EF Data sales representative, Comtech EF Data Customer Support will then provide an invoice, the 20-digit
FAST Access Code, and FAST option activation instructions. The user should carefully enter the
FAST Access Code into the FAST Code text box (provided in the FAST Code section of the
‘Admin | FAST’ page), then click [Submit].
1. Enter the 20-character FAST Option
Purchase Access Code here 2. Click when done.
A.2.4 Verify FAST Option Availability
If the FAST Access Code is accepted, the page is refreshed once [Submit] is clicked, and the
Status column in the FAST Configuration section is updated accordingly.
A–3
CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router
Appendix A
Notes:
A–4
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MN-CDD880
Appendix B. REMOTE CONTROL
B.1 Overview
This appendix describes the protocol and message command set for remote monitor and control (M&C) of the CDD-880 Multi Receiver
Router.
The electrical interface is an EIA-232 connection (for the control of a single device), and data is transmitted in asynchronous serial form, using ASCII characters. Control and status information is transmitted in packets of variable length in accordance with the structure and protocol defined in later sections.
B.2 EIA-232
This is a configuration in which the ‘Controller’ device – assumed to be a PC or ASCII dumb terminal – is connected directly to the
‘Target’ device (i.e., the CDD-880 and its CONSOLE serial port) via a two wire-plus-ground connection. Controller-to-Target data is carried via EIA-232 electrical levels on one conductor, and Target-to-Controller data is carried in the other direction on the other conductor.
B.3 Basic Protocol
All data is transmitted in framed packets as asynchronous serial characters, suitable for transmission and reception to the Controller using a universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART). The character format should be 8N1 (eight data bits, no parity, one stop bit). The baud rate is fixed at 38400 baud. Port flow control should be set to None.
B–1
CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router
Appendix B MN-CDD880
The Controller, which is in charge of the process of monitor and control, is the only device that is permitted to initiate, at will, the transmission of data. Targets are only permitted to transmit when they have been specifically instructed to do so by the Controller.
All bytes within a packet are printable ASCII characters, less than ASCII code 127. In this context, the Carriage Return and Line Feed characters are considered printable.
With one exception, all messages from Controller-to-Target require a response – this will be either to return data that has been requested by the
Controller, or to acknowledge reception of an instruction to change the configuration of the Target.
B.4 Packet Structure
Start of Packet Target Address Address Delimiter
<
ASCII code 60
(1 character) (4 characters)
Example: <0000/RSH=30[cr]
/
ASCII code 47
(1 character)
Controller-to-Target
Instruction Code
(3 characters)
Code Qualifier
= or ?
ASCII codes 61 or
63
(1 character)
Optional Arguments
(n characters)
Start of Packet
>
ASCII code 62
(1 character)
Target Address
(4 characters)
Address Delimiter
/
ASCII code 47
(1 character)
Example: >0000/BBU=107[cr][lf]
Target-to-Controller
Instruction Code
(3 characters)
Code Qualifier
=, ?, !, or *
ASCII codes
61, 63, 33, or 42
(1 character)
Optional Arguments
(From 0 to n characters)
End of Packet
Carriage Return
ASCII code 13
(1 character)
End of Packet
Carriage Return,
Line Feed
ASCII codes 13,10
(2 characters)
B.4.1 Start of Packet
Controller-to-Target: This is the character ‘<’ (ASCII code 60).
Target-to-Controller: This is the character ‘>’ (ASCII code 62).
B–2
CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router
Appendix B MN-CDD880
Because this is used to provide a reliable indication of the start of packet, these two characters may not appear anywhere else within the body of the message.
B.4.2 Target Address
In EIA-232 applications this value is set to 0.
IMPORTANT
The Controller sends a packet with the address of a Target – the destination of the packet. When the Target responds, the address used is the same address, to indicate to the Controller the source of the packet. The Controller does not have its own address.
B.4.3 Address Delimiter
This is the “forward slash” character '/ ' (ASCII code 47).
B.4.4 Instruction Code
This is a three-character alphabetic sequence, which identifies the subject of the message. Wherever possible, the instruction codes have been chosen to have some significance – e.g., MLC for Management Link Configuration, IPA for Management IP Address, etc. This aids in the readability of the message, should it be displayed in its raw ASCII form. Only upper case alphabetic characters may be used (A-Z, ASCII codes 65 - 90).
B.4.5 Instruction Code Qualifier
This is a single character, which further qualifies the preceding instruction code. Code Qualifiers obey the following rules:
1. From Controller-to-Target, the only permitted values are:
Symbol
=
(ASCII code 61)
Definition
The ‘=’ code is used as the Assignment Operator (AO) and is used to indicate that the parameter defined by the preceding byte should be set to the value of the argument (s) which follow it.
Example: In a message from Controller-to-Target, IG1= aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd/yy would mean “set the GE Port IP address to aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd/yy”
B–3
CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router
Appendix B MN-CDD880
?
(ASCII code 63)
The ‘?’ code is used as the Query Operator (QO) and is used to indicate that the Target should return the current value of the parameters defined by the preceding byte.
Example: In a message from Controller-to-Target, IG1? Would mean “return the current value of the GE Port IP address.”
2. From Target-to-Controller, the only permitted values are:
Symbol
=
(ASCII code 61)
?
(ASCII code 63)
!
(ASCII code 33)
*
(ASCII code 42)
#
(ASCII code 35)
Definition
The ‘=’ code is used in two ways: a. If the Controller has sent a query code to a Target (Example: CMD? meaning “what’s the value of this parameter?”), the
Target would respond with CMD=xxx, where xxx represents the parameter in question. b. If the Controller sends an instruction to set a parameter to a particular value, then, providing the value sent is valid, the
Target will acknowledge the message by replying with CMD=(with no message arguments).
If the Controller sends an instruction to set a parameter to a particular value, then, if the value sent is not valid, the Target will acknowledge the message by replying, for example, with CMD? (with no message arguments). This indicates that there was an error in the message sent by the Controller.
If the Controller sends an instruction code which the Target does not recognize, the Target will acknowledge the message by echoing the invalid instruction, followed by the ! character. Example: CMD!
If the Controller sends an instruction to set a parameter to a particular value, then, if the value sent is valid, BUT the modulator will not permit that particular parameter to be changed at this time, the Target will acknowledge the message by replying, for example, with CMD* (with message arguments).
If the Controller sends a correctly formatted command, BUT the unit is not in remote mode, it will not allow reconfiguration and will respond with CMD#.
B.4.6 Optional Message Arguments
Arguments are not required for all messages. Arguments are ASCII codes for the characters 0 to 9 (ASCII codes 48 to 57), period (ASCII code 46) and comma (ASCII code 44).
B.4.7 End of Packet
Controller-to-Target: This is the ‘Carriage Return’ character (ASCII code 13).
Target-to-Controller: This is the two-character sequence ‘Carriage Return’, ‘Line Feed’ (ASCII codes 13 and 10). Both indicate the valid termination of a packet.
B–4
CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router
Appendix B MN-CDD880
B.5 Remote Commands and Queries
CODE
DPW
IG1
IPA
LC1
MAC
MG1
MLC
NPS
SRC
SWC
As explained earlier in this appendix, serial remote monitor and control is accomplished through use of a ‘Controller’ device – typically a PC or ASCII dumb terminal. An example of such a device is shown to the right. From this interface, the user may type ‘help[cr]’ or ‘?[cr]’ to display the CDD-880’s available commands and queries, and to review instructions for using the interface.
Note the following:
Column ‘C’ = Command; Column ‘Q’ = Query; columns marked ‘X’ designate instruction code as Command only, Query only, or Command/Query.
C Q PAGE
X B-6
X X B-6
X X B-6
X X B-6
X X B-7
X X B-7
X X B-7
Note – In the tables that follow, the following codes are used in the ‘Response to Command’ column (as per Sect. B.4.5):
= Message ok # Message ok, but unit is not in Remote mode.
? Received ok, but invalid arguments were found
* Message ok, but not permitted in current mode
! Invalid instruction code
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CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router
Appendix B MN-CDD880
B.5.1 Unit Parameters
Parameter
Type
Command
(Instruction
& Qualifier)
Number of
Arguments
Description of Arguments
Default
Passwords
DPW= N/A Command
Resets the admin username/password to:
Username = “comtech”
Password = “comtech”
GE Address IG1= 18 bytes numerical
Command or Query.
Sets the IP Address and network prefix for the 10/100/1000 BaseT
GE1 Ethernet port, in the form aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd/yy, where:
(Permitted ranges – cannot all be zero) aaa = 0-223 bbb = 0-255 ccc = 0-255 ddd = 0-255 yy = network prefix (range: 8 to 31)
Other restrictions:
If aaa>191, prefix may not be less than 24.
If aaa>127, prefix may not be less than 16.
Example: IG1=010.006.030.001/24
Management
IP Address numerical
GE1 Link
Configuration
LC1= 1 byte, value 0 thru 5
Sets the IP Address and network prefix for the 10/100 Base T
Ethernet management port, in the form aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd/yy, where:
(Permitted ranges – cannot all be zero) aaa = 0-223 bbb = 0-255 ccc = 0-255 ddd = 0-255 yy = network prefix (range: 8 to 31)
Example: IPA=010.006.030.001/24
Command or Query.
GE1 Interface mode, where:
0=Auto Negotiate
1=1000Mbps -Full Duplex
2=100Mbps – Full Duplex
3=100Mbps – Half Duplex
4=10Mbps – Full Duplex
5=10Mbps – Half Duplex
Response to
Command
DPW=
DPW?
DPW*
DPW#
IG1=
IG1?
IG1*
IG1#
IPA=
IPA?
IPA*
IPA#
LC1=
LC1?
LC1*
LC1#
Query
(Instruction
& Qualifier)
Response to Query
N/A N/A
IG1? IG1=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/yy
(see Description of
Arguments)
IPA? IPA=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/yy
(see Description of
Arguments)
LC1? LC1=x
(see Description of
Arguments)
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CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router
Appendix B
Parameter
Type
Management
MAC Address
Command
(Instruction
& Qualifier)
Number of
Arguments alpha- numerical
Description of Arguments
Returns the unique MAC Address for the modem.
Example: MAC=0006B00001C2
GE MAC
Address
Management
Link
Configuration
MLC= alpha- numerical
Returns the unique GE MAC Address.
Example: MG1=0006B00001C2
1 byte, value 0 thru 5
Command or Query.
Management Interface mode, where:
0=Auto Negotiate
1=reserved
2=100Mbps – Full Duplex
3=100Mbps – Half Duplex
4=10Mbps – Full Duplex
5=10Mbps – Half Duplex
Actual
Negotiated
Port Speed
Returns actual negotiated port speed in the form abcd, where: a is the GigE negotiated port speed. b is the management port negotiated port speed. a, b have the following values:
0 = Link down
1=100 Full
2=100 Half
3=10 Full
4=10 Half
5=1000 Full
SNMP Read
Community
SNMP
Write
Community
SWC= characters, no spaces
16 bytes, characters, no spaces
SNMP read community string. Empty string is not allowed
Example: <1/SRC=public
Command or Query.
SNMP write community string. Empty string is not allowed
Example: <1/SWC =public
MN-CDD880
Response to
Command
N/A
Query
(Instruction
& Qualifier)
MAC?
Response to Query
MAC=aabbccddeeff
(see Description of
Arguments)
N/A MG1? MG1=aabbccddeeff
(see Description of
Arguments)
MLC =
MLC?
MLC *
MLC #
(see Description of
Arguments)
SRC =
SRC!
SWC =
SWC!
(see Description of
Arguments)
SRC? SRC =x
(see Description of
Arguments)
(see Description of
Arguments)
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CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router
Appendix B
Notes:
B–8
MN-CDD880
Unit
1 centimeter
Centimeter
—
1 inch
1 foot
2.540
30.480
1 yard 91.44
1 mile 1.609 x 10 5
Inch
0.3937
—
12.0
36.0
METRIC CONVERSIONS
Units of Length
Foot Yard Mile
0.03281
0.08333
—
3.0
4 5.280 3
0.01094 6.214 x 10 -6
Meter Kilometer Millimeter
0.01 — —
0.2778 1.578 x 10 -5 0.254 — 25.4
0.3333
—
1.893 x 10 -4
5.679 x 10 -4
0.3048 — —
0.9144 — — x 3
6.214 x 10 -4
—
— — —
1.609 x 10 3 1.609 —
Unit
1 gram
1 oz. avoir.
1 oz. troy
1 lb. avoir.
1 lb. Troy
1 kilogram
Temperature
Water freezes
Water boils
Absolute 0
Gram
—
28.35
31.10
453.6
373.2
1.0 x 10 3
Temperature Conversions
° Fahrenheit ° Centigrade
32 0
212
-459.69
100
-273.16
Formulas
° C = (F - 32) * 0.555
° F = (C * 1.8) + 32
Ounce
Avoirdupois
0.03527
—
1.097
16.0
13.17
Units of Weight
Ounce
Troy
Pound
Avoirdupois
0.03215
0.9115
—
14.58
12.0
0.002205
0.0625
0.06857
—
0.8229
Pound
Troy
0.002679
0.07595
0.08333
1.215
—
Kilogram
0.001
0.02835
0.03110
0.4536
0.3732
35.27 32.15 2.205 2.679 —
2114
WEST
7
TH STREET TEMPE ARIZONA
85281
USA
480 • 333 • 2200
PHONE
480 • 333 • 2161
FAX
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