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Compatible with MCS
®
51 Products
4K Bytes of Reprogrammable Flash Memory
Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles
2.7V to 6V Operating Range
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz
Two-level Program Memory Lock
128 x 8-bit Internal RAM
15 Programmable I/O Lines
Two 16-bit Timer/Counters
Six Interrupt Sources
Programmable Serial UART Channel
Direct LED Drive Outputs
On-chip Analog Comparator
Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes
Brown-out Detection
The AT89C4051 is a low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with
4K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read-only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C4051 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.
The AT89C4051 provides the following standard features: 4K bytes of Flash,
128 bytes of RAM, 15 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five-vector, two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, a precision analog comparator, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89C4051 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software-selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset.
RST/VPP
(RXD) P3.0
(TXD) P3.1
XTAL2
XTAL1
(INT0) P3.2
(INT1) P3.3
(TO) P3.4
(T1) P3.5
GND
3
4
5
1
2
8
9
6
7
10
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
VCC
P1.7
P1.6
P1.5
P1.4
P1.3
P1.2
P1.1 (AIN1)
P1.0 (AIN0)
P3.7
8-bit
Microcontroller with 4K Bytes
Flash
AT89C4051
Rev. 1001D–06/01
1
2
AT89C4051
1001D–06/01
AT89C4051
Port 1
Port 3
RST
XTAL1
XTAL2
Supply voltage.
Ground.
Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port. Port pins P1.2 to P1.7 provide internal pullups.
P1.0 and P1.1 require external pullups. P1.0 and P1.1 also serve as the positive input
(AIN0) and the negative input (AIN1), respectively, of the on-chip precision analog comparator. The Port 1 output buffers can sink 20 mA and can drive LED displays directly.
When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they can be used as inputs. When pins P1.2 to P1.7
are used as inputs and are externally pulled low, they will source current (I
IL
) because of the internal pullups.
Port 1 also receives code data during Flash programming and verification.
Port 3 pins P3.0 to P3.5, P3.7 are seven bi-directional I/O pins with internal pullups.
P3.6 is hard-wired as an input to the output of the on-chip comparator and is not accessible as a general purpose I/O pin. The Port 3 output buffers can sink 20 mA. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (I
IL
) because of the pullups.
Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89C4051 as listed below:
Port Pin
P3.0
P3.1
P3.2
P3.3
P3.4
P3.5
Alternate Functions
RXD (serial input port)
TXD (serial output port)
INT0 (external interrupt 0)
INT1 (external interrupt 1)
T0 (timer 0 external input)
T1 (timer 1 external input)
Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming and verification.
Reset input. All I/O pins are reset to 1s as soon as RST goes high. Holding the RST pin high for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device.
Each machine cycle takes 12 oscillator or clock cycles.
Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.
Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.
3
1001D–06/01
XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the input and output, respectively, of an inverting amplifier which
can be configured for use as an on-chip oscillator, as shown in Figure 1. Either a quartz
crystal or ceramic resonator may be used. To drive the device from an external clock
source, XTAL2 should be left unconnected while XTAL1 is driven as shown in Figure 2.
There are no requirements on the duty cycle of the external clock signal, since the input to the internal clocking circuitry is through a divide-by-two flip-flop, but minimum and maximum voltage high and low time specifications must be observed.
Figure 1.
Oscillator Connections
Note: C1, C2= 30 pF
±
10 pF for Crystals
= 40 pF
±
10 pF for Ceramic Resonators
Figure 2.
External Clock Drive Configuration
4
AT89C4051
1001D–06/01
AT89C4051
A map of the on-chip memory area called the Special Function Register (SFR) space is shown in the table below.
Note that not all of the addresses are occupied, and unoccupied addresses may not be implemented on the chip. Read accesses to these addresses will in general return random data, and write accesses will have an indeterminate effect.
User software should not write 1s to these unlisted locations, since they may be used in future products to invoke new features. In that case, the reset or inactive values of the new bits will always be 0.
Table 1.
AT89C4051 SFR Map and Reset Values
0F8H 0FFH
0F0H B
00000000
0E8H
0E0H ACC
00000000
0D8H
0D0H PSW
00000000
0C8H
98H
90H
88H
80H
0C0H
0B8H
0B0H
0A8H
IP
XXX00000
P3
11111111
IE
0XX00000
0A0H
SCON
00000000
P1
11111111
TCON
00000000
SBUF
XXXXXXXX
TMOD
00000000
SP
00000111
TL0
00000000
DPL
00000000
TL1
00000000
DPH
00000000
TH0
00000000
TH1
00000000
97H
8FH
PCON
0XXX0000
87H
0B7H
0AFH
0A7H
9FH
0D7H
0CFH
0C7H
0BFH
0F7H
0EFH
0E7H
0DFH
5
1001D–06/01
The AT89C4051 is an economical and cost-effective member of Atmel’s growing family of microcontrollers. It contains 4K bytes of Flash program memory. It is fully compatible with the MCS-51 architecture, and can be programmed using the MCS-51 instruction set. However, there are a few considerations one must keep in mind when utilizing certain instructions to program this device.
All the instructions related to jumping or branching should be restricted such that the destination address falls within the physical program memory space of the device, which is 4K for the AT89C4051. This should be the responsibility of the software programmer.
For example, LJMP 0FE0H would be a valid instruction for the AT89C4051 (with 4K of memory), whereas LJMP 1000H would not.
LCALL, LJMP, ACALL, AJMP, SJMP, JMP @A+DPTR. These unconditional branching instructions will execute correctly as long as the programmer keeps in mind that the destination branching address must fall within the physical boundaries of the program memory size (locations 00H to FFFH for the 89C4051). Violating the physical space limits may cause unknown program behavior.
CJNE [...], DJNZ [...], JB, JNB, JC, JNC, JBC, JZ, JNZ With these conditional branching instructions the same rule above applies. Again, violating the memory boundaries may cause erratic execution.
For applications involving interrupts, the normal interrupt service routine address locations of the 80C51 family architecture have been preserved.
The AT89C4051 contains 128 bytes of internal data memory. Thus, in the AT89C4051 the stack depth is limited to 128 bytes, the amount of available RAM. External DATA memory access is not supported in this device, nor is external PROGRAM memory execution. Therefore, no MOVX [...] instructions should be included in the program.
A typical 80C51 assembler will still assemble instructions, even if they are written in violation of the restrictions mentioned above. It is the responsibility of the controller user to know the physical features and limitations of the device being used and adjust the instructions used correspondingly.
On the chip are two lock bits which can be left unprogrammed (U) or can be programmed (P) to obtain the additional features listed in the following table:
Program Lock Bits
LB1 LB2
1
2
U
P
U
U
Protection Type
No program lock features
Further programming of the Flash is disabled
Note:
3 P P Same as mode 2, also verify is disabled
1. The Lock Bits can only be erased with the Chip Erase operation.
6
AT89C4051
1001D–06/01
AT89C4051
In idle mode, the CPU puts itself to sleep while all the on-chip peripherals remain active.
The mode is invoked by software. The content of the on-chip RAM and all the special functions registers remain unchanged during this mode. The idle mode can be terminated by any enabled interrupt or by a hardware reset.
P1.0 and P1.1 should be set to “0” if no external pullups are used, or set to “1” if external pullups are used.
It should be noted that when idle is terminated by a hardware reset, the device normally resumes program execution, from where it left off, up to two machine cycles before the internal reset algorithm takes control. On-chip hardware inhibits access to internal RAM in this event, but access to the port pins is not inhibited. To eliminate the possibility of an unexpected write to a port pin when Idle is terminated by reset, the instruction following the one that invokes Idle should not be one that writes to a port pin or to external memory.
In the power-down mode the oscillator is stopped and the instruction that invokes power-down is the last instruction executed. The on-chip RAM and Special Function
Registers retain their values until the power-down mode is terminated. The only exit from power-down is a hardware reset. Reset redefines the SFRs but does not change the on-chip RAM. The reset should not be activated before V
CC
is restored to its normal operating level and must be held active long enough to allow the oscillator to restart and stabilize.
P1.0 and P1.1 should be set to “0” if no external pullups are used, or set to “1” if external pullups are used.
When V
CC
drops below the detection threshold, all port pins (except P1.0 and P1.1) are weakly pulled high. When V
CC
goes back up again, an internal Reset is automatically generated after a delay of typically 15 msec. The nominal brown-out detection threshold is 2.1V ± 10%.
V
CC
2.1V
2.1V
PORT PIN
INTERNAL RESET
15 msec.
7
1001D–06/01
8
The AT89C4051 is shipped with the 4K bytes of on-chip PEROM code memory array in the erased state (i.e., contents = FFH) and ready to be programmed. The code memory array is programmed one byte at a time.
Once the array is programmed, to re-program any non-blank byte, the entire memory array needs to be erased electrically.
Internal Address Counter:
The AT89C4051 contains an internal PEROM address counter which is always reset to 000H on the rising edge of RST and is advanced by applying a positive going pulse to pin XTAL1.
Programming Algorithm:
To program the AT89C4051, the following sequence is recommended.
1.
2.
Power-up sequence:
Apply power between VCC and GND pins
Set RST and XTAL1 to GND
Set pin RST to “H”
Set pin P3.2 to “H”
3.
Apply the appropriate combination of “H” or “L” logic levels to pins P3.3, P3.4, P3.5, P3.7 to select one of the programming operations shown in the PEROM Programming Modes table.
To Program and Verify the Array:
4.
Apply data for Code byte at location 000H to P1.0 to P1.7.
5.
6.
Raise RST to 12V to enable programming.
Pulse P3.2 once to program a byte in the PEROM array or the lock bits. The byte-write cycle is self-timed and typically takes 1.2 ms.
7.
8.
To verify the programmed data, lower RST from 12V to logic “H” level and set pins P3.3 to P3.7 to the appropriate levels. Output data can be read at the port
P1 pins.
To program a byte at the next address location, pulse XTAL1 pin once to advance the internal address counter. Apply new data to the port P1 pins.
9.
Repeat steps 6 through 8, changing data and advancing the address counter for the entire 4K bytes array or until the end of the object file is reached.
10. Power-off sequence: set XTAL1 to “L” set RST to “L”
Turn V
CC
power off
Data Polling:
The AT89C4051 features Data Polling to indicate the end of a write cycle.
During a write cycle, an attempted read of the last byte written will result in the complement of the written data on P1.7. Once the write cycle has been completed, true data is valid on all outputs, and the next cycle may begin. Data Polling may begin any time after a write cycle has been initiated.
Ready/Busy:
The Progress of byte programming can also be monitored by the
RDY/BSY output signal. Pin P3.1 is pulled low after P3.2 goes High during programming to indicate BUSY. P3.1 is pulled High again when programming is done to indicate
READY.
Program Verify:
If lock bits LB1 and LB2 have not been programmed code data can be read back via the data lines for verification:
1.
2.
Reset the internal address counter to 000H by bringing RST from “L” to “H”.
Apply the appropriate control signals for Read Code data and read the output data at the port P1 pins.
AT89C4051
1001D–06/01
AT89C4051
3.
4.
5.
Pulse pin XTAL1 once to advance the internal address counter.
Read the next code data byte at the port P1 pins.
Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the entire array is read.
The lock bits cannot be verified directly. Verification of the lock bits is achieved by observing that their features are enabled.
Chip Erase:
The entire PEROM array (4K bytes) and the two Lock Bits are erased electrically by using the proper combination of control signals and by holding P3.2 low for
10 ms. The code array is written with all “1”s in the Chip Erase operation and must be executed before any non-blank memory byte can be re-programmed.
Reading the Signature Bytes:
The signature bytes are read by the same procedure as a normal verification of locations 000H, 001H, and 002H, except that P3.5 and P3.7
must be pulled to a logic low. The values returned are as follows.
(000H) = 1EH indicates manufactured by Atmel
(001H) = 41H indicates 89C4051
Mode
Write Code Data
Every code byte in the Flash array can be written and the entire array can be erased by using the appropriate combination of control signals. The write operation cycle is selftimed and once initiated, will automatically time itself to completion.
All major programming vendors offer worldwide support for the Atmel microcontroller series. Please contact your local programming vendor for the appropriate software revision.
RST/V
PP
12V
P3.2/PROG P3.3
L
P3.4
H
P3.5
H
P3.7
H
Read Code Data
Write Lock Bit - 1
H
12V
H L
H
L
H
H
H
H
H
Bit - 2 12V H H L L
Chip Erase 12V H L L L
(2)
Read Signature Byte
Notes:
H H L L L L
1. The internal PEROM address counter is reset to 000H on the rising edge of RST and is advanced by a positive pulse at
XTAL1 pin.
2. Chip Erase requires a 10-ms PROG pulse.
3. P3.1 is pulled Low during programming to indicate RDY/BSY.
9
1001D–06/01
10
AT89C4051
Figure 3.
Programming the Flash Memory
AT89C4051
P3.1
RDY/BSY
PP
Figure 4.
Verifying the Flash Memory
AT89C4051
1001D–06/01
AT89C4051
T
A
= 20°C to 30°C, V
CC
= 5.0
±
10%
Symbol Parameter
t
ELQV t
EHQZ t
GHBL t
WC t
BHIH t
IHIL
Note:
V
PP
I
PP t
DVGL t
GHDX t
EHSH t
SHGL t
GHSL t
GLGH
Programming Enable Voltage
Programming Enable Current
Data Setup to PROG Low
Data Hold after PROG
P3.4 (ENABLE) High to V
PP
V
PP
Setup to PROG Low
V
PP
Hold after PROG
PROG Width
ENABLE Low to Data Valid
Data Float after ENABLE
PROG High to BUSY Low
Byte Write Cycle Time
RDY/BSY\ to Increment Clock Delay
Increment Clock High
1. Only used in 12-volt programming mode.
Min
11.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
10
10
1
0
Max
12.5
250
110
1.0
1.0
50
2.0
1.0
200 ns ms
µs ns
µs
µs
µs
µs
Units
V
µA
µs
µs
µs
µs
11
Operating Temperature ................................. -55°C to +125°C
Storage Temperature ..................................... -65°C to +150°C
Voltage on Any Pin with Respect to Ground .....................................-1.0V to +7.0V
Maximum Operating Voltage ............................................ 6.6V
DC Output Current...................................................... 25.0 mA
*NOTICE: Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute
Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
T
A
= -40°C to 85°C, V
CC
= 2.7V to 6.0V (unless otherwise noted)
I
I
Symbol
V
IL
V
IH
V
IH1
V
OL
V
OH
IL
TL
Parameter
Input Low-voltage
Input High-voltage
Input High-voltage
Output Low-voltage
(Ports 1, 3)
Output High-voltage
(Ports 1, 3)
Logical 0 Input Current
(Ports 1, 3)
Logical 1 to 0 Transition Current
(Ports 1, 3)
Condition
(Except XTAL1, RST)
(XTAL1, RST)
I
OL
I
OL
= 20 mA, V
CC
= 5V
= 10 mA, V
CC
= 2.7V
I
OH
= -80 µA, V
CC
= 5V
±
10%
I
OH
= -30 µA
I
OH
= -12 µA
V
IN
= 0.45V
V
IN
= 2V, V
CC
= 5V
±
10%
0.2 V
Min
-0.5
CC
0.7 V
2.4
+ 0.9
CC
0.75 V
CC
0.9 V
CC
Max
0.2 V
CC
- 0.1
V
CC
+ 0.5
V
CC
+ 0.5
0.5
-50
-750
Units
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
µA
µA
I
LI
Input Leakage Current
(Port P1.0, P1.1)
0 < V
IN
< V
CC
±
10 µA
V
OS
V
CM
Comparator Input Offset Voltage
Comparator Input Common
Mode Voltage
V
CC
= 5V
0
20
V
CC mV
V
I
RRST
C
IO
CC
Notes:
Reset Pulldown Resistor 50 300 K
Ω pF Pin Capacitance Test Freq. = 1 MHz, T
A
= 25°C
Active Mode, 12 MHz, V
CC
= 6V/3V
10
15/5.5
mA
Power Supply Current
Idle Mode, 12 MHz, V
CC
= 6V/3V
P1.0 & P1.1 = 0V or V
CC
5/1 mA
V
CC
= 6V P1.0 & P1.1 = 0V or V
CC
20 µA
Power-down Mode
V
CC
= 3V P1.0 & P1.1 = 0V or V
CC
5 µA
1. Under steady state (non-transient) conditions, I
OL
must be externally limited as follows:
Maximum I
OL
per port pin: 20 mA
Maximum total I
OL
for all output pins: 80 mA
If I
OL
exceeds the test condition, V
OL than the listed test conditions.
may exceed the related specification. Pins are not guaranteed to sink current greater
2. Minimum V
CC
for Power-down is 2V.
12
AT89C4051
1001D–06/01
AT89C4051
Symbol
1/t
CLCL t
CLCL t
CHCX t
CLCX t
CLCH t
CHCL
Parameter
Oscillator Frequency
Clock Period
High Time
Low Time
Rise Time
Fall Time
V
CC
= 2.7V to 6.0V
Min Max
0
83.3
12
30
30
20
20
V
CC
= 4.0V to 6.0V
Min Max
0
41.6
24
15
15
20
20
Units
MHz ns ns ns ns ns
13
1001D–06/01
V
CC
= 5.0V
±
20%; Load Capacitance = 80 pF
12 MHz Osc
Symbol Parameter Min Max
t
XLXL t
QVXH t
XHQX t
XHDX t
XHDV
Serial Port Clock Cycle Time
Output Data Setup to Clock Rising Edge
Output Data Hold after Clock Rising Edge
Input Data Hold after Clock Rising Edge
Clock Rising Edge to Input Data Valid
1.0
700
50
0
700
Variable Oscillator
Min Max
12t
CLCL
10t
CLCL
-133
2t
CLCL
-117
0
10t
CLCL
-133
Units
µ s ns ns ns ns
Note: 1. AC Inputs during testing are driven at V
CC min. for a logic 1 and V
IL
- 0.5V for a logic 1 and 0.45V for a logic 0. Timing measurements are made at V
max. for a logic 0.
IH
Note: 1. For timing purposes, a port pin is no longer floating when a 100 mV change from load voltage occurs. A port pin begins to float when 100 mV change frothe loaded V
OH
/V
OL level occurs.
14
AT89C4051
1001D–06/01
1001D–06/01
AT89C4051
20
I
C
C
15
10
m
A
5
0
0
AT89C4051
TYPICAL ICC - ACTIVE (85˚C)
Vcc=6.0V
Vcc=5.0V
Vcc=3.0V
6 12
FREQUENCY (MHz)
18 24
AT89C4051
TYPICAL ICC - IDLE (85˚C)
3
I
C
C
2
m
A
1
0
0
Vcc=5.0V
Vcc=6.0V
Vcc=3.0V
3 6
FREQUENCY (MHz)
9 12
20
AT89C4051
TYPICAL ICC vs. VOLTAGE- POWER DOWN (85˚C)
I
C
C
15
10
µ
A
5
0
3.0V
4.0V
Vcc VOLTAGE
5.0V
6.0V
Power-Down Mode Notes: 1. XTAL1 tied to GND for I
CC
(power-down)
2. P.1.0 and P1.1 = V
CC
or GND
3. Lock bits programmed
15
Speed
(MHz)
12
Power
Supply
2.7V to 6.0V
24 4.0V to 6.0V
Ordering Code
AT89C4051-12PC
AT89C4051-12SC
AT89C4051-12PI
AT89C4051-12SI
AT89C4051-24PC
AT89C4051-24SC
AT89C4051-24PI
AT89C4051-24SI
Package
20P3
20S
20P3
20S
20P3
20S
20P3
20S
Operation Range
Commercial
(0
°
C to 70
°
C)
Industrial
(-40
°
C to 85
°
C)
Commercial
(0
°
C to 70
°
C)
Industrial
(-40
°
C to 85
°
C)
20P3
20S
Package Type
20-lead, 0.300” Wide, Plastic Dual In-line Package (PDIP)
20-lead, 0.300” Wide, Plastic Gull Wing Small Outline (SOIC)
16
AT89C4051
1001D–06/01
AT89C4051
20P3
, 20-lead, 0.300" Wide, Plastic Dual Inline
Package (PDIP)
Dimensions in Inches and (Millimeters)
JEDEC STANDARD MS-001 AD
1.060(26.9)
.980(24.9)
PIN
1
.280(7.11)
.240(6.10)
.210(5.33)
MAX
SEATING
PLANE
.150(3.81)
.115(2.92)
.110(2.79)
.090(2.29)
.900(22.86) REF
.070(1.78)
.045(1.13)
.015(.381) MIN
.022(.559)
.014(.356)
.325(8.26)
.300(7.62)
0
15
REF
.014(.356)
.008(.203)
.090(2.29)
MAX
.005(.127)
MIN
.430(10.92) MAX
20S
, 20-lead, 0.300" Wide, Plastic Gull WIng Small
Outline (SOIC)
Dimensions in Inches and (Millimeters)
0.020 (0.508)
0.013 (0.330)
0.299 (7.60)
0.291 (7.39)
0.420 (10.7)
0.393 (9.98)
PIN 1
.050 (1.27) BSC
0.513 (13.0)
0.497 (12.6)
0
8
REF
0.035 (0.889)
0.015 (0.381)
0.012 (0.305)
0.003 (0.076)
0.013 (0.330)
0.009 (0.229)
0.105 (2.67)
0.092 (2.34)
17
1001D–06/01
2325 Orchard Parkway
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TEL (408) 441-0311
FAX (408) 487-2600
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Casa Postale 80
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TEL (41) 26-426-5555
FAX (41) 26-426-5500
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TEL (852) 2721-9778
FAX (852) 2722-1369
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FAX (81) 3-3523-7581
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