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(( TENI
GP-80
*00080733902*
*00080733902*
*OME43740X00*
*OME43740X00*
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
"DANGER", "WARNING" and "CAUTION" notices appear throughout this manual. It is the responsibility of the operator and installer of the equipment to read, understand and follow these notices. If you have any questions regarding these safety instructions, please contact a FURUNO agent or dealer.
DANGER
This notice indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
WARNING
This notice indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.
CAUTION
This notice indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury, or property damage.
iiiiiiiiiiiii
i
SAFETY INFORMATION
FOR THE OPERATOR
ii
WARNING
Do not open the cover of the
equipment.
This equipment uses high voltage electricity which can shock, burn or cause death.
Only qualified personnel should work inside the equipment.
Do not dissasemble or modify the equipment.
Fire, electrical shock or serious injury can result.
Immediately turn off the power at the ship's mains switchboard if water or foreign object falls into the equipment or the equipment is emitting smoke or fire.
Continued use of the equipment can cause fire, electrical shock or serious injury.
WARNING Label attached
WARNING
To avoid electrical shock, do not remove cover. No user-serviceable parts inside.
- -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Name :
Type :
Warning Label (1)
86-003-1011-0
Code No. : 100-236-230
CAUTION
Do not place liquid-filled containers on the top of the equipment.
Fire or electrical shock can result if a liquid spills into the equipmtnt.
Do not place heater neat the equipment.
Heat can melt the power cord, which can result in fire or electrical shock.
Do not operate the unit with wet hands.
Electrical shock can result.
Use the correct fuse.
Use of the wrong fuse can cause fire or equipment damage.
No single navigation aid (including this unit) should ever be relied upon as the exclusive means for navigating your vessel.
The navigator is responsible for checking all aids available to confirm his position.
Electronic aids are intended to assist, not replace, the navigator.
Use of an autopilot with this unit, to provide automatic steering to destination, does not eliminate the need to maintain a watch.
Always maintains a vigilant watch to prevent collision or grounding.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
FOREWORD ............................. v
4. NAVIGATION PLANNING
4.1 Registering Waypoints ...................... 4-1
4.2 Editing Waypoints ............................. 4-4
4.3 Deleting Waypoints ........................... 4-5
4.4 Registering Routes ............................ 4-5
4.5 Deleting Route Waypoints ................ 4-6
4.6 Replacing Route Waypoints .............. 4-7
4.7 Deleting Routes ................................ 4-7
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ............... 1
1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
1.1 Control Description .......................... 1-1
1.2 Turning On and Off the Power ......... 1-2
1.3 Adjusting Display Contrast and
Brilliance .......................................... 1-3
1.4 Selecting the Display Mode .............. 1-3
1.5 Chart Icons ........................................ 1-6
5. STARTING FOR
DESTINATION
5.1 Setting Destination ........................... 5-1
5.2 Cancelling Destination...................... 5-5
5.3 Erasing Route Waypoints (flags) ...... 5-6
5.4 Finding Range and Bearing Between
Two Points ........................................ 5-7
2. TRACK
2.1 Enlarging/Shrinking the Display ...... 2-1
2.2 Selecting Display Orientation ........... 2-1
2.3 Shifting the Cursor ............................ 2-1
2.4 Shifting the Display .......................... 2-2
2.5 Centering Cursor Position................. 2-2
2.6 Centering Own Ship's Position ......... 2-2
2.7 Stopping/Starting Plotting and
Recording of Track ........................... 2-2
2.8 Erasing Track .................................... 2-3
2.9 Selecting Track Plotting Interval ...... 2-4
2.10 Apportioning the Memory .............. 2-5
2.11 Selecting Bearing Reference ........... 2-6
6. SETTING UP VARIOUS
DISPLAYS
6.1 Selecting Data to Display on the
Data Display ..................................... 6-1
6.2 Selecting Position Format ................. 6-2
6.3 Demo Display ................................... 6-4
7. ALARMS
7.1 Arrival Alarm, Anchor Watch
Alarm ................................................ 7-1
7.2 Cross Track Error (XTE) Alarm ....... 7-2
7.3 Ship’s Speed Alarm .......................... 7-3
7.4 Trip Alarm ......................................... 7-3
7.5 Water Temperature Alarm ................. 7-4
7.6 Depth Alarm ..................................... 7-4
7.7 DGPS Alarm ..................................... 7-4
3. MARKS
3.1 Entering/Erasing Marks .................... 3-1
3.2 Selecting Mark Shape ....................... 3-2
3.3 Connecting Marks (selecting mark
connection line) ................................ 3-2
3.4 Entering Event Marks ....................... 3-3
3.5 Selecting Event Mark Shape ............. 3-3
3.6 Entering the MOB Mark ................... 3-4
8. MENU SETTINGS
8.1 GPS Menu ......................................... 8-1
8.2 Selecting Units of Measurement ....... 8-3
8.3 Mark, Character Size and
Brilliance .......................................... 8-4
8.4 Settings for Connection of
Navigator .......................................... 8-6
iii
8.5 Receiving Data from Personal
Computer .......................................... 8-8
8.6 DGPS Settings ................................ 8-10
8.7 Displaying GPS Monitor Displays . 8-11
9. MAINTENANCE &
TROUBLESHOOTING
9.1 Clearing the Memory ........................ 9-1
9.2 Preventative Maintenance ................. 9-2
9.3 Error Messages ................................. 9-2
9.4 Troubleshooting ................................ 9-4
9.5 Self Tests ........................................... 9-5
10. INTRODUCTION TO GPS
10.1 What is GPS? ................................ 10-1
10.2 How the GPS Receiver
Calculates Position........................ 10-1
10.3 Position-fixing Accuracy
(HDOP) ......................................... 10-2
APPENDIX
Specifications ......................................... A-1
Digital Interface (IEC 61162-1) ............. A-3
Time Differences ................................. A-18
Geodetic Chart List .............................. A-19
Loran C Chains .................................... A-20
Decca Chains ....................................... A-21
Glossary ............................................... A-22
INDEX ............................................. Index-1
Declaration of conformity
iv
FOREWORD
A Word to GP-80 Owners
Congratulations on your choice of the
FURUNO GP-80 GPS Navigator. We are confident you will see why the FURUNO name has become synonymous with quality and reliability.
For over 50 years FURUNO Electric Company has enjoyed an enviable reputation for innovative and dependable marine electronics equipment. This dedication to excellence is furthered by our extensive global network of agents and dealers.
Your navigator is designed and constructed to meet the rigorous demands of the marine environment. However, no machine can perform its intended function unless operated and maintained properly. Please carefully read and follow the recommended procedures for operation and maintenance.
We would appreciate hearing from you, the end-user, about whether we are achieving our purposes.
Thank you for considering and purchasing
FURUNO equipment.
• Man overboard feature records latitude and longitude coordinates at time of man overboard and provides continuous updates of range and bearing to that point
• DGPS capability—with built-in DGPS beacon kit, or accepts DGPS correction data from external DGPS beacon receiver
• Menu-driven operation
• Bright 122 x 92 mm LCD with temperature compensated tone and brilliance adjustment
• Power consumption is a low 10 W.
• Provision for connection of autopilot (option)—steering data output to autopilot
• Digital display of water temperature and depth with connection of video sounder
(with NMEA input)
• Memory stores 2,000 points of track and marks
• "Highway" display provides perspective view
• Position may be shown in latitude and longitude or LOP (Loran or Decca)
• Four connectors for optional equipment two IEC 61162-1/NMEA 0183 I/O, one
IEC 61162-1/NMEA 0183 (or log) output and one DGPS for personal computer) I/O
Program No.
2051511-01.01 (Mar. 2003)
Features
The GP-80 GPS Navigator is a totally integrated GPS receiver and video plotter consisting of a display unit and an antenna unit.
The high sensitivity receiver tracks up to eight satellites simultaneously. An 8-state Kalman filter ensure optimum accuracy in determination of vessel position, course and speed.
In most cases the operator need do no more than turn on the power to find position.
The main features of the GP-80 are
• Comprehensive navigation data displays
• Storage for 999 waypoints and 30 routes
• Alarms: Arrival, Anchor Watch, Crosstrack Error, Ship's Speed, Water Temperature, Depth, and Trip
v
This page is intentionally left blank.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
1. Menu Tree
Display selection menu
DISPLAY
SEL
Select Display (Plotter 1, Plotter 2, Highway, Navigation and Data displays)
Main menu
MENU
ESC
1. DISPLAY SETUP
2. TRACK/MARK SETUP
3. ERASE TRACK/MARK
4. ALARM SETTINGS 1/2 ALARM SETTINGS 2/2
5. MANUAL CALCULATION
6.
7. GPS MONITOR
SATELLITE MONITOR
BEACON RCVR MONITOR
STATION MESSAGE
8. SELF TESTS
1. MEMORY, I/O PORT TEST
2. KEYBOARD TEST
3. TEST PATTERN
4. AUTOMATIC TESTING
9. SYSTEM SETTINGS
1. PLOTTER SETUP
2. UNIT SETUP
3. DATA1, 3 OUTPUT SETUP
4. DATA2 OUTPUT SETUP
5. DATA4 I/O SETUP
DATA4 I/O SETUP 1/2 Out/Com./DGPS
DATA4 I/O SETUP "Out" 2/2
DATA4 I/O SETUP "Com." 2/2
DATA4 I/O SETUP "DGPS" 2/2
6. GPS SETUP GPS SETUP 1/2
7. DGPS SETUP
GPS SETUP 2/2
8. LOP SETUP
9. CLEAR MEMORY
1
2
Waypoint, route menu
WPT
RTE
1. Cursor
2. MOB/Event Position
3. Own Ship Position
4. Waypoint List WAYPOINT LIST
5. Route Planning ROUTE LIST
GOTO menu
GOTO
1. Cursor
2. MOB/Event Position
3. Waypoint List GOTO "Waypoint List"
4. Route List GOTO "Route List"
5. Cancel
2. System Configuration
ANTENNA UNIT
Receives signal from
GPS satellite beacon reference station.
GPA-017S
GPA-018S
(for DGPS)
1.2 m Whip antenna
GPA-019S
(for DGPS)
Ship’s Mains
10.2 to 31.2 VDC
DISPLAY UNIT
Receives ans processes
GPS signals to fix position and display it in latitude/longitude or LOP.
3
3. Operation Flow Chart
Select display mode
• Plotter 1 (own ship's track and data)
• Plotter 2 (own ship's track)
• Highway (ship's track overlaid on
navigation lane)
• Navigation (graphic navigation data
display for steering)
• Data (alphanumeric navigation data)
Set destination temporarily
Register waypoints
• By latitude and longitude
• By LOP
Register routes
Set destination
Display steering data
Set alarms
Perform other operations as required.
(Position correction, geodetic chart to use, enter smoothing, calculate range and bearing to a point, etc.)
4
1. OPERATIONAL
OVERVIEW
1.1 Control Description
Cursor keys
Shift display and cursor.
Opens/closes menu; quits current operation.
Selects display mode.
Registers waypoints and routes.
Inscribes mark on the display.
Expands display range.
Centers ship's position/cursor position.
Adjusts display contrast; changes latitude/longitude coordinate.
MENU
ESC
NU/CU
ENT
DISPLAY
SEL
1
EVENT
MOB
6
WPT
RTE
2
GOTO
7
MARK
3
PLOT
ON/OFF
8
ZOOM
IN
4
ZOOM
OUT 9
CENTER
5
CURSOR
ON/OFF 0
TONE
CLEAR
POWER
Selects display orientation; registers selections on menus.
Inscribes event mark at ship's position; marks man overboard position
Sets destination.
Turns recording and plotting of ship's track on/off.
Decreases display range.
Turns cursor on/off.
Deletes waypoints and marks; clears wrong data; silences audible alarm.
Turns power on/off.
Figure 1-1 Control panel
1 – 1
1.2 Turning On and Off the
Power
The GP-80 takes about two minutes to find position when turned on for the very first time.
Thereafter it takes about 20 seconds to find position each time the power is turned on.
Turning on the power
Press the [POWER] key.
The unit tests the PROGRAM MEMORY,
SRAM and battery for proper operation and shows the results on the display. If equipped with the internal beacon receiver, "BEACON
RCVR INSTALLED" appears at the bottom of the display. The unit starts up with the last used display mode.
PROGRAM MEMORY = OK
SRAM = OK
Internal Battery = OK
BEACON RCVR INSTALLED*
DATA #3 : LOG PULSE OUTPUT
Several seconds later
A
GPS receiving condition
When turning on the power the following occurs:
20 seconds after turning on the power, accurate position (in latitude and longitude) appears on the display.
If position could not be found, "NO FIX" appears at the GPS receiver condition window.
When PDOP value exceeds 6 in the 3D mode or HDOP value exceeds 4 in the 2D mode,
"DOP" appears to indicate abnormal fixing and the position indication could not be updated.
When the satellite signal is being received normally, one of the indications shown in Table
1-1 appears depending on equipment setting and GPS receiver state.
Table 1-1 GPS receiver indication
E q u i p m e n t s e t t i n g
2 D
3 D
D i f f e r e n t i a l
2 D
D i f f e r e n t i a l
3 D
G i n
G
G
D
P d i
P
P
G
S
S
S
P
c a t i o
S
r
2
3
e
D
D
2
c e i n
( n
( n
D
v e r s
o r m a o r m a
( n o r m
t
l ) l )
a t
a l )
D G P S 3 D ( n o r m a l )
e
34
°
23.456´ N 135
°
45.678´ E GPS 3D
*: This indication is only when beacon re-
30 ceiver is installed.
BRG
---
°
turning on the power
CSE
7
°
RNG
123
20
12.3 kt
Figure 1-2 Appearnace of display when turning on the power
1 – 2
Note 1: When PDOP value exceeds 6 in the
3D mode, the position fixing method is automatically changed to 2D.
Note 2: The "DEMO" icon appears when the display is in the demonstration mode. To return to normal mode, turn off the power and turn it on while pressing and holding down the [NU/
CU ENT] key.
Note 3: Refer to page 10-2 about HDOP and
PDOP.
1.4 Selecting the Display
Mode
1) Press the [DISPLAY SEL] key. The display shown in Figure 1-4 appears.
Select Display
Turning the power off
Press the [POWER] key.
The next time you turn on the power the unit starts up with the last used display mode.
Plotter 2
Highway
Navigation
Data
(DATUM: WGS-84)*
: Select
MENU : Escape
1.3 Adjusting Display
Contrast and Brilliance
1) Press the [TONE] key. The display shown in Figure 1-3 appears.
Tone:
Brilliance:
[–] [+]
8 (0~31)
4 (0~4)
* Shows currently selected geodetic chart
datum.
Figure 1-4 Screen for selection of display mode
2) Press the [DISPLAY SEL] key, ▲ or ▼ to select display mode. (When the [DIS-
PLAY SEL] key is pressed, the display mode changes in sequence shown below.)
Selected display mode appears about 15 seconds later.
Plotter 1 Plotter 2 Highway
Data Navigation
MENU : Escape
Sample displays of each display mode are shown in the figures on the next several pages.
Figure 1-3 Screen for adjustment of display contrast and brilliance
2) To adjust contrast, press t or s. Current setting and setting range (0–31) are shown to the right of "s".
3) To adjust brilliance, press ▲ or ▼. Current setting and setting range (0–4) are shown to the right of "▲".
Note: Operate cursor keys within 10 seconds after pressing the [TONE] key. Otherwise, the screen for adjustment of contrast and brilliance will be cleared.
1 – 3
Plotter 1 display Plotter 2 display
Cursor position or lighthouse data, when cursor is on
Bearing from own ship to destination waypoint
Own ship's track
Own ship mark
Course bar
Alarm range
GPS receiving condition
Ship's position appears when cursor is off
34
°
23.456´ N 135
°
45.678´ E
DGPS 3D
30
[01]
H
WGS84
2.00 nm
34
°
23.456´ N 135
°
45.678´ E DGPS 3D
30
40
20
[01]
50
BRG
44
°
CSE
32
°
BRG TO +
123
°
RNG TO +
11.5
nm
H
WGS84
2.00 nm
40
Horizontal range Course width
Course
Grid
Cursor
Speed, or range from own ship to cursor
Course
Range from own ship to destination waypoint, or bearing from own ship to cursor
Highway display
Position
20
50
Figure 1-6 Plotter 2 display
Bearing from own ship to detination waypoint
Course
Figure 1-5 Plotter 1 display
WGS84
North mak
Own ship mark
Cross track error scale
Speed
Range from own ship to destination waypoint
Figure 1-7 Highway display
1 – 4
Navigation display
2) With autopilot connection, automatic mode
1) No autopilot connection
Destination waypoint no.
Cross track error meter
Bearing scale
Bearing from own ship to destination waypoint
Velocity To
Destination
Speed
TO;
012
0.1nm
N
BRG
63°
CSE
123°
E
S
DGPS 3D
SPD
12.3 kt
VTD
10.3 kt
0.1nm
RNG
123 nm
ETA 15 TTG 3D
23:45' 17H 45M
TRIP
789 nm
Estimated Time of
Arrival (15th23:45)
Cross track error scale
Trip distance
Time To Go
(3days17hrs45min)
Cross track error indication
Range from own ship to destination waypoint
TO;
012
0.1nm
N
Auto Pilot
Auto
Auto mode
BRG:
63°
CSE:
123°
E
S
DGPS 3D
SPD
12.3 kt
VTD
10.3 kt
RNG
0.1nm
123 nm
Hdg
123°
Str
P 23°
TRIP
789 nm
Heading
Figure 1-9 Navigation display, with autopilot connection, automatic mode
3) Autopilot connection, modes other than
automatic mode (manual, nav, etc.)
Figure 1-9 Navigation display, no autopilot connection
TO;
- - -
0.1nm
N
Auto Pilot
Man
BRG:
63°
CSE:
123°
E
S
DGPS 3D
SPD
12.3 kt
VTD
10.3 kt
0.1nm
AP CSE
123°
Hdg
123°
Str
P 23°
TRIP
789 nm
Heading
Rudder angle
Man: Manual mode
Nav: Nav mode
Other:---
Autopilot-set course
Figure 1-10 Navigation display, with autopilot connection, modes other than the automatic mode
1 – 5
Data display
(Window assignment and size of characters are user-definable)
Fixing date and time*
Position in latitude and longitude or LOPs
Cursor
SEP 12, 1995 23:59'59" U
DGPS 3D
POSITION
12
°
23.456' N
123
°
23.456' E
WGS84
RNG
31.23
nm
SPD
12.3
kt
BRG
CSE
223.4
°
123.4
°
TO : 001
MARINE
POINT1
NEXT
: 002
MARINE
POINT2
User-defined display data #1
User-defined display data #2
User-defined display window
User-defined display data #4
Current destination waypoint
Next destination waypoint
User-defined display data #3
Figure 1-11 Data display mode
*: "- -" appears until calculating position after turning on the power. If fixing error occurs this indication stops.
1.5 Chart Icons
Various icons appear on the display to alert you to equipment status.
: L/L position offset applied.
: Track recording tunned off.
: Alarm is violated.
: North mark.
: Demonstration display.
1 – 6
2. TRACK
2.1 Enlarging/Shrinking the
Display
You may enlarge and shrink the display on the Plotter 1 and Plotter 2 displays, with the
[ZOOM IN] and [ZOOM OUT] keys. The horizontal range is available among 0.25, 0.5,
1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 and 192 nautical miles for plotter 1 and 0.36, 0.71, 1.42, 2.84,
5.69, 11.38, 22.76, 45.51, 91.02, 182.04,
273.07 nautical miles for plotter 2 display.
The [ZOOM IN] key enlarges the display and the [ZOOM OUT] key shrinks it. Each time a zoom key is pressed the display range appears at the center of the display for about three seconds.
2.3 Shifting the Cursor
The cursor can be shifted with the cursor keys.
1) Press the [CURSOR ON/OFF] key to turn on the cursor.
2) Press the cursor keys.
The cursor moves in the direction of the cursor key pressed. When the cursor reaches the edge of the display, the display shifts in the direction opposite.
Data and cursor state
Cursor state determines what data are shown on the display.
Cursor turned on, cursor data
2.2 Selecting Display
Orientation
Cursor position is displayed in latitude and longitude or LOPs (depending on menu setting) at the top of the display. The range and bearing from own ship to the cursor appear at the right hand side of the display, when in the
Plotter 1 display.
Display orientation can be selected on the
Plotter 1, Plotter 2 and Highway displays, with the [NU/CU ENT] key. Two display orientations are available: north-up and course-up.
Cursor turned off
Cursor mark Cursor position in
latitude and longitude
North-up display
In the north-up display, true north (0 ) is at the top of the display. Own ship moves on the display in accordance with true speed and true motion. Land is stationary.
Course-up display
Destination set
The destination is at the top of the display and the north mark ( ) appears at the left side of the display.
WGS84
2.0 nm
34
°
23.456´ N 135
°
45.678´ E DGPS 3D
BRG
234
°
CSE
345
°
BRG To +
123
°
RNG To +
11.5
nm
Cursor
Destination not set
Range from own ship to cursor
Ship's heading or course is at the top of the display. The north mark appears at the left side of the display.
Bearing from own ship to cursor
Figure 2-1 Data displayed when
the cursor in on
2 – 1
Cursor turned off
Ship's position (in latitude and longitude or
LOPs), speed and course appear on the display.
Own ship mark
Own ship position in latitude and longitude
2.5 Centering Cursor
Position
1) Press the [CURSOR ON/OFF] key to turn on the cursor.
2) Press the cursor keys to position the cursor.
3) Press the [CENTER] key.
34° 23.456´ N 135° 45.678´ E DGPS 3D
BRG
234°
CSE
345°
RNG
123 nm
SPD
12.3
kt
Speed
Course
2.6 Centering Own Ship's
Position
1) Press the [CURSOR ON/OFF] key to turn off the cursor.
2) Press the [CENTER] key.
Figure 2-2 Data displayed when
the cursor is turned off
2.4 Shifting the Display
The display can be shifted on the Plotter 1 and Plotter 2 displays, with the [CURSOR
ON/OFF] key. When own ship tracks off the display it is automatically returned to the screen center.
1) Press the [CURSOR ON/OFF] key to turn off the cursor.
2) Press the cursor keys. The display shifts in the direction of the cursor key pressed.
2.7 Stopping/Starting Plotting and Recording of Track
The GP-80 stores 2,000 points of track and marks. When the memory becomes full the oldest track is erased to make room for the latest. Thus you may want to conserve the memory when, for example, you are returning to port or are anchored.
Procedure
Press the [PLOT ON/OFF] key to start/stop recording and plotting of track.
When plotting is resumed
"Resuming track plot" appears at the center of the display for about three seconds.
When plotting is stopped
"Stopping track plot" appears at the center of the display for about three seconds and "
H
" appears at the left side of the display. ("
H
" does not appear on the Navigation and Data displays.)
2 – 2
Hold icon
(appears while recording of track is stopped)
2.8 Erasing Track
The track stored in the memory and displayed on the screen can be erased.
H
34° 23.456´ N 135° 45.678´ E DGPS 3D
BRG
234°
CSE
345°
RNG
123 nm
SPD
12.3
kt
This portion of track does not appear on the display
Own ship
Recording of track started
Ship’s track while recording is stopped
Recording of track turned off
Figure 2-3 Track not plotted or recorded when plotting is stopped
CAUTION
Track cannot be restored once erased. Be absolutely sure you want to erase all track.
1) Press the [MENU ESC] key. The MAIN
MENU appears.
MAIN MENU
2. TRACK/MARK SETUP
3. ERASE TRACK/MARK
4. ALARM SETTINGS
5. MANUAL CALCULATION
6.
7. GPS MONITOR
8. SELF TESTS
9. SYSTEM SETTINGS
ENT: Enter MENU: Escape
Figure 2-4 MAIN MENU
2) Press [3] to select ERASE TRACK/
MARK.
ERASE TRACK/MARK
Erase Track
Erase Mark
No
No
Yes
Yes
Track Pts. Used: 345/1000 Pt
Mark Pts. Used:
123/1000 Pt
: Select
MENU: Escape
Figure 2-5 ERASE TRACK/MARK menu
3) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Erase Track.
4) Press s to select Yes. The message shown in Figure 2-6 appears.
2 – 3
Are you sure to erase ?
ENT: Yes MENU: No
Figure 2-6 Prompt for erasure of track, mark
5) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
2.9 Selecting Track Plotting
Interval
The plotting interval determines both how the track will be reconstructed on the display and track storage time. A shorter interval provides more accurate reconstruction of track line, however total storage time is reduced. The plotting interval can be selected by time or distance. Plotting by distance offers the advantage that the track is not stored when the vessel is anchored.
Plotting interval by time
The setting range for plotting by time is 00 to
60 minutes.
1) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
2) Press [2] to display the TRACK/MARK
SETUP menu.
TRACK/MARK SETUP
Track Rec
Time
(01'00)
Mark Shape
Dist
(00.50nm)
3) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Track Rec.
4) Press t to select Time.
5) Enter plotting interval in four digits. To enter 30 seconds, for example, press [0]
[0] [3] [0].
6) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
7) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
Plotting interval by distance
The setting range for plotting by distance is
0.01 to 99.99 nautical miles. To plot all track, enter 00.00.
1) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
2) Press [2] to display the TRACK/MARK
SETUP menu.
3) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Track Rec.
4) Press s to select Distance.
5) Enter plotting interval. To enter 0.1 nautical miles, for example, press [0] [0] [1].
6) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
7) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
Mark Line
Event Mark
ENT: Enter
: Select
MENU: Escape
Figure 2-7 TRACK/MARK SETUP menu
2 – 4
2.10 Apportioning the
Memory
The memory holds 2,000 points of track and marks and may be apportioned as you like.
The default memory setting stores 1,000 points each of track and marks.
CAUTION
All data are erased whenever the memory apportion setting is changed, even when the previous value is re-entered.
To store 1,500 points of track and 500 marks, for example, do the following:
1) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
2) Press [9] to display the SYSTEM SET-
TINGS menu.
SYSTEM SETTINGS
1. PLOTTER SETUP
3. DATA 1, 3 OUTPUT SETUP
4. DATA 2 OUTPUT SETUP
5. DATA 4 I/O SETUP
6. GPS SETUP
7. DGPS SETUP
8. LOP SETUP
9. CLEAR MEMORY
ENT: Enter MENU: Escape
Figure 2-8 SYSTEM SETTNGS menu
3) Press [1] to display the PLOTTER SETUP menu.
PLOTTER SETUP
Memory Apportion Trk = 1000 / 2000Pt
Bearing Ref.
True
Mag
Mag Variation
Auto
(07° W)
Man
(00° E)
Calculation
R.L
G.C
User defined #1
User defined #2
User defined #3
User defined #4
ENT: Enter
RNG
SPD
BRG
CSE
MENU: Escape
Figure 2-9 PLOTTER SETUP menu
4) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Memory Apportion.
5) Enter amount of track to store, in four digits. To store 1,500 track points, for example, press [1] [5] [0] [0].
6) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key, or ▲ or ▼.
You are asked if it is all right to erase all data.
Setting erases all data!
Are you sure to change ?
ENT: Yes MENU: No
Figure 2-10
7) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
8) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
2 – 5
2.11 Selecting Bearing
Reference
Ship's course and bearing to waypoint may be displayed in true or magnetic bearing.
Magnetic bearing is true bearing plus (or minus) earth's magnetic deviation.
Displaying true or magnetic bearing
The default setting displays magnetic bearings.
1) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
2) Press [9] to display the SYSTEM SET-
TINGS menu.
3) Press [1] to display the PLOTTER SETUP menu.
4) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Bearing Ref.
5) Press t or s to select True or Mag.
6) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key, ▲ or ▼.
7) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
Entering magnetic variation
The location of the magnetic north pole is different from the geographical north pole. This causes a difference between the true and magnetic north direction. This difference is called magnetic variation, and varies with respect to the observation point on the earth. Magnetic variation may be entered automatically or manually.
1) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
2) Press [9] to display the SYSTEM SET-
TINGS menu.
3) Press [1] to display the PLOTTER SETUP menu.
4) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Mag Variation.
5) Press t or s to select Auto or Man. For automatic, current variation appears in parentheses.
6) For manual entry, enter variation in two digits, referring to a nautical chart. If the variation is 10
°
, for example, press [1] [0].
7) If necessary, press the [ ] key to change coordinate from east to west or vice versa.
8) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
9) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
2 – 6
3. MARKS
3.1 Entering/Erasing Marks
Marks can be inscribed on the Plotter 1 and
Plotter 2 displays. You may inscribe a mark anywhere, in one of 13 shapes. Further, can be connected with lines, to denote net location, etc.
Note 1: When the mark memory becomes full no marks can be entered. When this occurs, the buzzer sounds and the message shown below appears on the display for three seconds to alert you. To enter a mark when the mark memory is full, erase unnecessary marks.
At cursor intersection
1) Press the [CURSOR ON/OFF] key to turn on the cursor.
2) Operate the cursor keys to place the cursor on the location for the mark.
3) Press the [MARK] key.
Erasing marks
CAUTION
All marks, including event marks and the
MOB mark, are erased on the ERASE
MARK menu. Be absolutely sure you want to erase all marks; erased marks cannot be restored.
Can't save mark
Memory full
Figure 3-1
Note 2: Marks cannot be entered when there is no position data. When this occurs, the buzzer sounds and the message shown below appears on the display for thre3e seconds to alert you.
Check the antenna cable for tight connection.
Can't save mark
No position data
Figure 3-2
Erasing individual marks
1) Place cursor on the mark to erase.
2) Press the [CLEAR] key.
Erasing all marks
1) Press [MENU ESC] and [3] to display the
ERASE TRACK/MARK menu.
ERASE TRACK/MARK
Erase Track
Erase Mark
No
No
Yes
Yes
Track Pts. Used:
Mark Pts. Used:
345/1000 Pt
123/1000 Pt
Entering marks
At own ship position
1) Press the [CURSOR ON/OFF] key to turn off the cursor.
2) Press the [MARK] key.
: Select
MENU: Escape
Figure 3-3 ERASE TRACK/MARK menu
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Erase Mark.
3) Press s to select YES.
3 – 1
Are you sure to erase ?
ENT: Yes MENU: No
Figure 3-4
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
5) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
3.2 Selecting Mark Shape
13 mark shapes are available. Select mark shape as follows:
1) Press [MENU ESC] and [2] to display the
TRACK/MARK SETUP menu.
TRACK/MARK SETUP
Track Rec
Time
(01'00)
Mark Shape
Dist
(00.50nm)
3.3 Connecting Marks
(selecting mark connection line)
Marks can be connected with lines to denote net location, fishing spot, etc. Three types of connection lines are available and the "•" setting disables connection of lines.
1) Press [MENU ESC] and [2]
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Mark Line.
3) Press t or s to select mark line desired.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
5) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
Mark Line
Event Mark
ENT: Enter
: Select
MENU: Escape
Figure 3-5 TRACK/MARK SETUP menu
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Mark Shape.
3) Press t or s to select mark shape desired.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
5) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
The next mark entered will be inscribed in the shape selected here.
3 – 2
3.4 Entering Event Marks
Event marks can denote any important present position; for example, a good fishing spot.
Event marks can be saved as ordinary marks and the unit automatically numbers them from
01 to 99.
Note 1: When the mark memory becomes full no event marks can be entered. When this occurs, the buzzer sounds and the message shown below appears on the display for three seconds to alert you. To enter an event mark when the mark memory is full, erase unnecessary event marks.
Can't save event
Memory full
3.5 Selecting Event Mark
Shape
Event marks are available in 10 shapes. Select event mark shape as follows.
1) Press [MENU ESC] and [2] to display the
TRACK/MARK SETUP menu.
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Event Mark.
3) Press t or s to select event mark shape desired.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
5) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
The next event mark entered will be inscribed in the shape selected here.
Figure 3-6
Note 2: Event Marks cannot be entered when there is no position data. When this occurs, the buzzer sounds and the message shown below appears on the display for three seconds to alert you. Check the antenna cable for tight connection.
Can't save event/MOB
No position data
Figure 3-7
Entering event marks
1) Press the [EVENT MOB] key less than three seconds. The position at the exact moment the key is pressed is saved as an event position.
Saved event position
34°40.123’ N
135°21.123’ E
Figure 3-8
To erase event marks, see "3.1 Entering/
Erasing Marks".
3 – 3
3.6 Entering the MOB Mark
The MOB mark denotes man overboard position. To mark man overboard position, press the [EVENT MOB] key. When the key is pressed, the position at the exact moment the key is pressed automatically becomes the destination. Further, the Plotter 1 display replaces the display in use when it is other than a plotter display.
Only one MOB mark may be entered, and each time the MOB mark is entered the previous MOB mark and its position data are written over.
Note: The MOB mark cannot be entered when there is no position data. When this occurs, the buzzer sounds and the message shown below appears on the display for three seconds to alert you. Check the antenna cable for tight connection.
2) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key. If the display in use is Highway, Navigation or
Data, they are automatically replaced by the Plotter 2 display.
Note: You may cancel MOB position as destination by pressing the [MENU ESC] key instead of the [NU/CU ENT] key at step 2. Note that the
MOB mark remains on the display.
Erasing MOB mark
See "3.1 Entering/Erasing Marks". (MOB marks cannot be erased with the cursor.)
Can't save event/MOB
No position data
Figure 3-9
1) Press the [EVENT MOB] key for at least three seconds.
The MOB mark ("M") is entered at the
MOB position and the message shown in
Figure 3-10 appears.
Saved MOB position
Are you sure to change course to MOB position ?
ENT: Yes MENU: No
Figure 3-10
3 – 4
4. NAVIGATION
PLANNING
4.1 Registering Waypoints
In navigation terminology a waypoint is a particular location on a voyage whether it be a starting, intermediate or destination waypoint.
The GP-80 can store 999 waypoints, numbered from 001–999. Waypoints can be registered four ways:
• by cursor
• by MOB position or event position
• at own ship's position, and
• through the waypoint list.
Registering waypoints by the cursor
1) Press the [WPT RTE] key. The Waypoint/
Route menu appears.
Waypoint/Route
2. MOB/Event Position
3. Own ship Position
4. Waypoint List
5. Route Planning
: Cursor
ENT: Enter
MENU: Escape
The display changes to Plotter 2 when the
Highway, Navigation or Data mode is in use.
3) Press the cursor keys to place the cursor on the location desired for the waypoint.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
A window similar to the one shown in Figure 4-3 appears. The waypoint's position and date and time registered appear on the first and second lines. Waypoints are automatically given the youngest empty waypoint number and this number appears on the third line. You may, however, assign a different number. If the waypoint shares the same position with a mark, the mark's position and date and time entered are registered as waypoint data.
If the waypoint memory is full, the waypoint number line in the window is blank. In this case waypoints cannot be entered unless a waypoint is written over or deleted.
To assign waypoint number, go to step 5.
If you do not want to change the waypoint number, go to step 6 to select mark shape and enter comment.
30° 12.345' N 135° 23.456' W
AUG 12’ 95 12 : 34U
No. :
Mark :
Cmnt :
: Cursor
ENT: Enter
: Column
MENU: Escape
Figure 4-1 Waypoint/Route menu
2) Press [1] to select Cursor. The following display appears.
Place cursor on desired location
Figure 4-3
5) Enter waypoint number, in three digits
(001–999).
ENT: Enter MENU: Escape
Figure 4-2
4 – 1
6) Press ▼ to select waypoint mark shape.
The following display appears.
: Cursor
ENT: Enter MENU: Escape
Figure 4-4 Screen for selecting waypoint mark shape
7) Press t or s to select mark shape.
8) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key. The display shown in Figure 4-5 appears.
Control is returned to the last used display mode.
When the waypoint number entered at step
5 already exists, the message shown in
Figure 4-4 appears if the waypoint is part of the current destination or route or is part of a route. If it is alright to write over the waypoint and its data, press the [Y] key.
To change waypoint number, press the [N] key.
1st line
Are you sure to change ?
ENT: Yes MENU: No abcde
fghij klmno pqrst uvwxyz
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 _ # % ’ ( ) + - . / : ; < = > ?
ENTER
COMMENT:
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
: Cursor
ENT: Set MENU: Escape
Figure 4-5 Screen for entry of comment for waypoint
9) You may enter a comment, as shown in the procedure which follows, or skip to step 10 to finish. The comment may consist of up to 12 alphanumeric characters.
1 Press the cursor keys to select alphanumeric character.
2 Press the [NU/CU ENT] key. Selected character appears on the COMMENT line.
• To create a space, select "_".
• Numeric data can be input directly by pressing numeric keys.
• To clear wrong data, press the
[CLEAR] key.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to complete the comment.
4 Select ENTER and press the [NU/CU
ENT] key.
10) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
This wpt is GOTO
This wpt is in registered route
This wpt is in selected route
Figure 4-6
Note: If you fail to enter waypoint number, "Enter waypoint number" appears on the display for three seconds.
4 – 2
Registering waypoints by MOB position/event position
The MOB position or an event position can be registered as a waypoint. Event marks are numbered from 01 to 99; 01 is the latest event mark.
Note: You cannot register a MOB position or event position when there are no MOB positions or event positions saved. The buzzer sounds and the message shown in Figure 4-7 appears for three seconds to alert you.
Registering waypoints by own ship's position
Note: When there is no position data, you cannot register a waypoint at own ship's position.
The buzzer sounds and the following message appears.
No position data
No MOB/event data in memory
Figure 4-7
1) Press the [WPT/RTE] key.
2) Press [2] to select MOB/Event Position.
The display shown in Figure 4-8 appears.
[MOB] Displaying MOB data
34° 12.345' N 130° 23.456' E
ENT:Enter
: Paging
ENT: Enter
MENU: Escape
Figure 4-9
1) Press the [WPT/RTE] key.
2) Press [3] to select Own Ship Position.
3) Follow steps 5 through 11 in "Registering waypoints by the cursor" on page 4-1.
Registering waypoints through the waypoint list
1) Press the [WPT/RTE] key.
2) Press [4] to display the waypoint list.
3) Press [ ] to select position format; latitude and longitude or LOP.
WAYPOINT LIST (L/L)
001
34° 12.345' N 130° 23.456' W
002
MARINE POINT AUG 12' 95 12 : 35U
36° 12.345' N 135° 23.456' W
A POINT AUG 13' 95 13 : 45U
003 ° . ' N ° . ' W
Figure 4-8
3) Press t or s to display the MOB position or event position to register as a waypoint.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
5) Follow steps 5 through 11 in "Registering waypoints by the cursor" on page 4-1.
004 ° . ' N ° . ' W
: L/L´LOP
ENT: Enter
: Edit
MENU: Escape
Figure 4-10
4) Press ▲ or ▼ to select waypoint number.
5) Press t or s to enter position. The display should now look something like Figure 4-11.
4 – 3
Edit = Waypoint : 001
_ _°
_ _._ _ _' N _ _ _°_ _._ _ _' W
Mark :
__
Cmnt :
: Cursor
ENT: Enter
: Column
MENU: Escape
4.2 Editing Waypoints
1) Press [WPT RTE] and [4].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select waypoint to edit.
3) Press s.
4) Edit the contents of the waypoint.
5) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key. The message shown in Figure 4-12 appears if the waypoint is currently selected as destination, is part of a route, or is in the route currently selected as destination.
Figure 4-11
6) Enter latitude and longitude. To enter
34
°
12.345' N 135
°
23.456' E, for example, press;
([ ]) [3] [4] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
([ ]) [1] [3] [5] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
To change N to S or E to W, press [ ].
7) Press ▼.
8) Press t or s to select mark.
9) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
10) Enter comment.
11) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key twice.
The waypoint list reappears. Waypoint position and date and time the waypoint was entered appear on the list.
12) To enter another waypoint through the waypoint list, return to step 4.
13) Press the [MENU ESC] key to finish.
1st line
Are you sure to erase ?
ENT: Yes MENU: No
This wpt is GOTO
This wpt is in registered route
This wpt is in selected route
Figure 4-12
6) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
The waypoint and its data are deleted.
Enter new data, referring to "4.1 Registering Waypoints".
7) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
4 – 4
4.3 Deleting Waypoints
Deleting waypoints by the cursor
1) Place the cursor on the waypoint to delete.
2) Press the [CLEAR] key.
Deleting waypoints through the waypoint list
1) Press [WPT RTE] and [4].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select waypoint to delete.
3) Press the [CLEAR] key. The message shown in Figure 4-13 appears if the waypoint is currently selected as destination, is part of a route, or is in the route currently selected as destination.
4.4 Registering Routes
Often a trip from one place to another involves several course changes, requiring a series of route points which you navigate to, one after another. The sequence of waypoints leading to the ultimate destination is called a route.
The GP-80 can automatically advance to the next waypoint on a route, so you do not have to change the destination waypoint repeatedly.
The GP-80 can store 30 routes and each route may contain up to 30 waypoints. Routes can be registered while in the Plotter 1 or Plotter
2 display mode.
1st line
Are you sure to erase ?
ENT: Yes MENU: No
This wpt is GOTO
This wpt is in registered route
This wpt is in selected route
Figure 4-13
Note: All waypoint marks (as well as all other marks) and their data can be cleared collectively by clearing the Plotter memory.
For further details, see page 9-1.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
Note: To cancel erasure, press the [MENU
ESC] key instead of the [NU/CU ENT] key.
The waypoint list appears.
5) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
Registering routes
1) Press the [WPT/RTE] key.
2) Press [5] to select Route Planning. The route list appears.
03
04
05
06
No. PTS Total Dist. TTG Remarks
01
30
1234 . 56 nm
12D15H28M
UseFwd
02 25
30
30
ROUTE LIST
234 . 56 nm
2D08H35M
*999. 99 nm
*9D*9H*9M
D H M . nm
6543 . 21 nm
. nm
34D23H45M
D H M
: Route No.
ENT: Enter
: Edit
MENU: Escape
Remarks
Use: In use
Fwd: Traverse waypoints in forward order
Rvs: Traverse waypoints in reverse order
Figure 4-14 Route list
3) Press ▲ or ▼ to select route number.
4) Press s.
The route planning/waypoint list window appear as shown in Figure 4-15. The waypoint list window lists the position and data for each registered waypoint. No position or data appears for empty waypoints.
4 – 5
ROUTE : 01 (In Use , REVERSE) skip Distance TTG
Trial Speed : Auto Man (012.0kt)
01
02
EN
EN
.
.
nm nm
D M H
D M H
001
34° 12.345' N 130° 23.456' E
002
MARINE POINT
AUG 12' 95 12 : 35U
36° 12.345' N 135° 23.456' E
A POINT
AUG 13' 95 13 : 45U
: RTE WPT
CLEAR: Delete
ENT: Enter MENU: Escape
Use: In use
Fwd: Traverse waypoints in forward order
Rvs: Traverse waypoints in reverse order
Figure 4-15 Route editing screen
5) If required, press ▲ to enter the speed by which to calculate time-to-go.
6) Press t or s to select Auto or Man.
2 Using previously registered waypoints
Route editing screen
Enter waypoints in the order they will be traversed; not by waypoint number order.
7) Press [ ]. The reverse video on the waypoint on route planing screen disapperars.
Waypoint list
8) Press ▲ or ▼ to select waypoint number.
9) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key. Selected waypoint number appears on the route editing screen. The distance and time-togo indications to the first waypoint entered are blank.
10) To enter other route waypoints, repeat steps 8 and 9.
11) Press the [MENU ESC] key to finish.
Note: To return to the route editing screen, press
[ ].
Auto: Current average speed is used to calculate the time-to-go. Manual: Entered speed is used to calculate the time-to-go.
Enter speed and press ▼.
4.5 Deleting Route Waypoints
Route waypoints may be registered two ways: entering waypoint nubmer directly or through the route editing screen. Follow 1 or 2 below.
1 Entering waypoint number directly
7) Enter waypoint number, in three digits.
The cursor shifts to the "Skip" window.
The procedure for skipping a waypoint is shown on page 5-4. For now, go to the next step.
8) Press ▼ to continue. If the waypoint entered in step 7 does not exist, you are informed that the waypoint does not exist and entry is cancelled.
9) Enter other route waypoints by repeating steps 7 and 8.
10) Press [MENU ESC] to finish.
1) Press [WPT RTE] and [5] to display the route list.
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select route.
3) Press s to display route editing screen.
4) Select the waypoint to delete.
5) Press the [CLEAR] key.
6) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
7) Repeat steps 4 through 6 to continue deleting waypoints.
8) Press the [MENU ESC] key. The route is rearranged to reflect the change.
4 – 6
4.6 Replacing Route
Waypoints
1) Press [WPT RTE] and [5] to display the route list.
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select route.
3) Press s to display route editing screen.
4) On the route editing screen, place the cursor on waypoint number to replace.
5) Enter new waypoint number.
6) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key. The message shown in Figure 4-16 appears.
4.7 Deleting Routes
1) Press [WPT RTE] and [5] to display the route list.
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select route to delete.
3) Press the [CLEAR] key. The display shown in Figure 4-17 appears if the route is in use.
1st line
Are you sure to erase ?
ENT: Yes MENU: No
This waypoint already exists
Are you sure to change ?
ENT: Yes MENU: No
This route is in use
Figure 4-17
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
5) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
Figure 4-16
7) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
8) Press the [MENU ESC] key twice.
4 – 7
This page is intentionally left blank.
5. STARTING FOR
DESTINATION
5.1 Setting Destination
There are four ways by which you can set destination:
• By cursor
• By MOB position or event position
• By waypoint, and
• By route.
Note 1: Destination cannot be set when there is no GPS position data. When there is no position data, the buzzer sounds and the message shown in Figure 5-1 appears.
No position data
Setting destination by cursor
Using the cursor you may set a destination consisting of 30 points. When all 30 points are entered, the GP-80 automatically disables further entry.
Setting single destination
1) Press the [GOTO] key. The menu shown in Figure 5-2 appears.
GOTO Setting
2. MOB/Event Position
3. Waypoint List
4. Route List
5. Cancel
: Cursor
ENT : Enter MENU : Escape
Figure 5-1
Note 2: Previous destination is cancelled whenever a destination is set.
Figure 5-2 GOTO setting menu
2) Press [1] to select Cursor. The display shown in Figure 5-3 appears.
Place cursor on desired location
Press ENT twice to finish
ENT:Enter CLR:Clear MENU:Escape
Figure 5-3
If the display in use is other than Plotter
1, the Plotter 2 display is automatically selected.
3) Place the cursor on the location desired for destination.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
Note: To clear selection, press the [CLEAR] key.
5) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key to finish.
Control is returned to the display mode in use before you set destination. A dashed line connects own ship and the destination, which is marked with a flag, as shown in Figure 5-4.
5 – 1
Flag mark
Overwriting ?
ENT:Yes MENU:No
Figure 5-4 Single destination set by cursor
Setting multiple destinations
1) Press [GOTO] and [1].
2) Place the cursor on the location desired for waypoint.
3) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
4) Repeat steps 2 and 3 to enter other points.
Waypoints are connected with a line.
5) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key to finish. The route number entry display appears as shown in Figure 5-5. If no route number appears or you want to change the route number shown, go to step 6 to enter route number. To register the route under the number shown, go to step 8.
Figure 5-6
8) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
The waypoints do not have waypoint numbers, however you can attach waypoint numbers by doing the following.
1 Press [WPT RTE] and [5] to display the route list.
2 Press ▲ or ▼ to select route number entered.
3 Press s.
4 Enter waypoint number, in three digits.
5 Press ▼. If the waypoint number already exists the message shown in Figure 5-7 appears.
This waypoint already exists
Are you sure to change ?
ENT:Yes MENU:No
Enter route number
0 1
ENT:Enter MENU: Escape
Figure 5-5
6) Key in route number.
7) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key. Waypoints are marked with flags and are connected with a dashed line.
If the route number entered already exists the message shown in Figure 5-6 appears.
Figure 5-7
6 Press the [NU/CU ENT] key. The waypoint entered here replaces previously entered waypoint.
Note: To cancel replacement of waypoint, press the [MENU ESC] key at step
6
.
7 Repeat steps 4 and 5 to enter other waypoint numbers.
8 Press the [MENU ESC] key twice to finish.
When destination is cancelled, dashed lines are erased but flags remain on the screen.
5 – 2
Setting destination by MOB position or event position
Note: This operation cannot be performed when there is no MOB position or event position. The buzzer sounds and the message shown in Figure 5-8 appears to alert you when there is no
MOB position or event position.
Setting destination through waypoint list
Note: A waypoint must exist to set it as destination. When a waypoint does not exist, the buzzer sounds and the message shown in Figure 5-10 appears.
No waypoint data
No MOB/event data in memory
Figure 5-8
1) Press the [GOTO] key.
2) Press [2] to select MOB/Event Position.
The display shown in Figure 5-9 appears.
[MOB] Displaying MOB data
34° 12.345' N 130° 23.456' E
ENT:Enter
: Paging
ENT: Enter
MENU: Escape
Figure 5-9
3) Press t or s to select MOB position or event position. The MOB position appears first. To select event position, press s. If selected position is within the current display range, the cursor marks the position.
(The cursor does not appear on the Highway, Navigation and Data displays.)
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key. A flag appears at position selected if it is within the current display range. A dashed line connects between own ship and MOB position or event position.
When destination is cancelled, dashed lines are erased but flags remain on the screen.
Figure 5-10
Destination waypoint can be set through the waypoint list two ways:
• By entering waypoint number, and
• By selecting waypoint by cursor
1) Press the [GOTO] key.
2) Press [3] to display the Waypoint List.
GOTO (Waypoint List)
No.
001 34° 12.345' N 132° 23.456' E
MARINE POINT AUG 12' 95 12:35U
002 ° 12.345' N 133° 12.345' E
A POINT AUG 13' 95 13:28U
005 41° 34.567' N 135° 23.456' E
B POINT AUG 14' 95 09:45U
.
No
List ENT:Enter
Waypoint number can be entered here when this line appears in reverse video.
Figure 5-11 Waypoint list
Set destination by following 1 or 2 on the next page.
5 – 3
3) Enter waypoint number, in three digits.
You can clear entry by pressing the
[CLEAR] key.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
Own ship position becomes starting point and a dashed line runs between it and the waypoint selected.
Setting route as destination
Note: Route entered must exist to set it as destination. The buzzer sounds and the message shown in Figure 5-12 appears if you set enter a route which does not exist.
Route number can be entered here when this line appears in reverse video.
02
05
06
10
GOTO (Route List)
Route No.
No.
PTS
01 30
TOTAL
1234. 56nm
25
8
30
30
234. 56nm
57. 89nm
*
999. 99nm
6543. 21nm t
FORWARD s
TTG
12D15H28M
2D08H35M
0D10H28M
*
9D*9H*9M
34D23H45M
: No. List
ENT:Enter
MENU:Escape
3) Press [ ]. Each press of the key alternately enables manual entry of waypoint number and selection of waypoint number by cursor (through the waypoint window).
4) Press ▲ or ▼ to select waypoint.
5) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
Own ship position becomes starting point and a dashed line runs between it and the waypoint selected.
Figure 5-13 Route list
3) Press t or s to select direction which to traverse the route waypoints; forward or reverse.
4) Enter route number.
5) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
Current position becomes starting point. A solid line connects between the starting point and first route waypoint and a dashed line connects all other route waypoints.
No route data
Figure 5-12
A route to set as destination may selected through the route list two ways:
• By entering route number, and
• By selecting route.
1) Press the [GOTO] key.
2) Press [4] to display the Route List. Then, follow 1 or 2 in the adjacent column.
3) Press [ ]. Each press of the key alternately enables manual entry of route number and selection of route number (through the route window)
4) Press ▲ or ▼ to select route.
5) Press t or s to select direction in which to traverse the route waypoints; forward or reverse.
6) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
Current position becomes starting point. A solid line connects between the starting point and first route waypoint and a dashed line connects all other route waypoints.
5 – 4
Skipping route waypoints
You may skip route waypoints by displaying
"DI" (DIsable) next to the route waypoint in the route list. Using Figure 5-14 as an example, your ship is currently heading toward waypoint 04 but is to switch course and head to waypoint 03. In this case you would want to skip waypoint 04.
,,
Waypoint 01
Waypoint 02
,,
,,
Waypoint 03
Waypoint 04
New course
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select route waypoint to skip.
3) Press t or s to shift the cursor to the right of the waypoint number.
4) Press [ ] to change "EN"(ENable) to
"DI"(DIsable).
5) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
To reselect the waypoint, select it on the route list and press [ ] to change "DI" to "EN".
5.2 Cancelling Destination
,,,
Waypoint 06
Waypoint 05
1) Press the [GOTO] key.
2) Press [5] to select Cancel. The message shown in Figure 5-16 appears.
,,,
,,,
Figure 5-14
1) Press [WPT RTE] and [5] to display the route list. Press the cursor keys to select route.
"EN" indicates waypoint is enabled. Display "DI" to skip waypoint.
Release GOTO ?
ENT:Yes MENU:No
Figure 5-16
3) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
ROUTE :01 (In Use, REVERSE) skip Distance TTG nm
D M H
02 0 03 EN 345.67nm 2D 12H 34M
004 34° 12.345' N 130° 23.456' E
MARINE POINT APR 10' 95 12:35U
003 36° 12.345' N 135° 23.456' E
A POINT APR 10' 95 13:45U
: RTE WPT
ENT:Enter
CLEAR: Delete
MENU:Escape
Figure 5-15 Route list
5 – 5
5.3 Erasing Route Waypoints
(flags)
1) Place the cursor on the flag to erase.
2) Press the [CLEAR] key. The message shown in Figure 5-17 appears if the waypoint is currently selected as destination, is part of a registered route, or is part of the route currently being navigated.
When flags are erased
When the origin waypoint is erased the waypoint before it becomes the origin waypoint. If there is no waypoint before the origin waypoint, current position becomes the origin waypoint.
Delete
Destination waypoint
Starting point
Course 1st line
Are you sure to erase ?
ENT:Yes MENU:No
Own ship
This wpt is GOTO
This wpt is in registered route
This wpt is in selected route
Figure 5-17
3) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
Note: Flags can be erased collectively by clearing the Plotter memory or both the Plotter memory and GPS memory. See page 9-1 for further details.
Destination waypoint
Figure 5-18 Route rearranged after erasing flag
When a destination is erased, the waypoint which follows it becomes the destination. If there is no waypoint after the destination waypoint erased, route navigation is cancelled.
5 – 6
5.4 Finding Range and
Bearing Between Two Points
Selecting Course Sailing Method
The range and bearing to a destination are calculated by two ways: Great Circle or Rhumb
Line. However, cross track error is calculated by rhumb line only.
Great Circle: The great circle courseline is the shortest course between two points on the surface of the earth. (Imagine stretching a piece of yarn between two points on the earth.)
However, this course requires frequent change of heading to follow course faithfully.
Rhumb Line: The rhumb line courseline is the straight line drawn between two points on a nautical chart. This course does not require frequent changes of heading however it is not the shortest since it follows the earth's curvature.
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [1] to display the PLOTTER SETUP menu.
PLOTTER SETUP
Memory Apportion Trk = 1000 / 2000Pt
Bearing Ref.
True
Mag
Mag Variation
Auto
(07° W)
Man
(00° E)
R.L
G.C
Calculation
User defined #1
User defined #2
User defined #3
User defined #4
ENT:Enter
SPD
CRS
RNG
BRG
MENU:Escape
Figure 5-19 PLOTTER SETUP menu
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to selection Calculation.
3) Press t or s to select R.L (Rhumb Line) or G.C (Great Circle).
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
5) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
Calculation Procedure
You can find the range and bearing between two points by two waypoints or two latitude and longitude positions.
1) Press [MENU ESC] and [5]. The
MANUAL CALCULATION menu appears.
MANUAL CALCULATION
From Waypoint No.
. ’N . ’E
To Waypoint No.
. ’N . ’E
Trial speed : Auto Man
( . kt)
Rng : . m Brg : .
TTG : D H M
: Cursor
MENU : Escape
ENT : Calculation
: N/S, E/W
Figure 5-20 MANUAL
CALCULATION menu
2) Choose two points by one of the methods below.
Latitude and longitude positions
1) Press ▼.
2) If necessary press to switch from
North latitude and to South latitude vice versa.
3) Key in latitude.
4) If necessary press to switch from West longitude to East longitude and vice versa.
5) Key in longitude.
6) Press ▼.
7) Repeat 2-5 to enter other point.
Waypoints
1) Key in first waypoint number (001-
999). (000 is reserved for own ship position.)
2) Press ▼ twice.
3) Key in other waypoint number (001-
999).
(Continued on next page)
5 – 7
3) Press ▼ to shift the cursor to the Trial
Speed line.
4) Press t or s to select Auto or Man.
Auto uses ship's average speed to calculate time-to-go.
5) If you selected Man, enter speed.
6) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
The range, bearing and time-to-go between two points appear on the display. If data entered is wrong or insufficient the buzzer sounds and the message "INCOMPLETE
DATA" appears. If the data contains error, "*" and all nines appear as the calculation results.
7) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
5 – 8
6. SETTING UP
VARIOUS DISPLAYS
6.1 Selecting Data to Display on the Data Display
The user may select what data to display in four locations on the data display.
SEP 12, 1995 23:59'59" U
POSITION
DGPS 3D
12
°
23.456' N
123
°
23.456' E
WGS72
RNG
31.23
nm
SPD
12.3
kt
BRG
CSE
223.4
°
123.4
°
TO : 001
MARINE
POINT1
NEXT
: 002
MARINE
POINT2
User-defined display data #1
User-defined display data #4
User-defined display data #2
User-defined display window
User-defined display data #3
Figure 6-1 Data display
The data the user may select to display are;
• Altitude (ALT)*
• Average course (AVR CSE)
• Average speed (AVR SPD)
• Course (CSE)
• Course error (dCSE)
• Cross track error (XTE)
• Depth (W.DPT)#
• ETA to waypoint (ETA)
• Range to waypoint (RNG)
• Route time-to-go (RT.TTG)
• Speed (SPD)
• Time-to-go to waypoint (TTG)
• ETA to route
• Total route distance (RT.DIST)*
• Trip distance (TRIP)
• Trip elapsed time (TRIP TM)
• Water temperature (W.TMP)#, and
• Velocity to destination (VTD)*
*ALT: Displayed only in 3D position fixing.
*RT. DIST: Total distance from current position to ultimate destination. Appears when following a registered route or a cursor-created route.
*VTD: When following a route, plus or minus appears next to indication to denote which direction the route is being traversed.
# Requires external sensor
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [1] to display the PLOTTER SETUP menu.
PLOTTER SETUP
Memory Apportion Trk = 1000 / 2000Pt
Bearing Ref.
True
Mag
Mag Variation
Auto
(07
°
W)
Man
(00
°
E)
Calculation
R.L
G.C
User defined #1
User defined #2
User defined #3
User defined #4
ENT:Enter
SPD
CSE
RNG
BRG
MENU:Escape
Figure 6-2 PLOTTER SETUP menu
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select one of four of "User defined" (#1, #2, #3, #4).
3) Press t or s to select data to display.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key. To select the data to display at other user defined displays, repeat steps 2 and 3.
5) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
6 – 1
6.2 Selecting Position Format
Position can be displayed in latitude and longitude, Loran C LOPs, or Decca LOPs, and the default format is latitude and longitude.
Selecting position format (L/L or
LOPs)
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [8] to display the LOP SETUP menu.
LOP SETUP
LOP Display LC DE
LC Chain 7980 : 23-43
LOP -12.3us +0.34 us
DE Chain 24:G - P
LOP +0.80 Lane -1.00 Lane
(RED:1 GREEN:2 PURPLE:3)
: Select
MENU : Escape
ENT : Enter
: +/–
6) Press ▼ to select LC Chain.
7) Key in GRI code referring to the Loran C chain list appears in the Appendix. If the
GRI code is 9970, for example, press [9]
[9] [7] [0].
8) Key in secondary code pair referring to the Loran C chain list in the Appendix.
9) Press ▼.
10) Key in correction value.
11) If necessary, press [ ] to switch from plus to minus or vice versa.
12) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
13) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
Figure 6-3 LOP SETUP menu
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Pos Display.
3) Press t or s to select Lat/Long or LOP.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
Displaying LOPs
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [8].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Pos Display.
3) Press t or s to select LOP.
4) Press ▼ to select LOP Display.
5) Press t or s to select LC (Loran C) or
DE (Decca).
Follow 1 or 2 in the adjacent column according to selection in step 5.
6) Press ▼ to select DE Chain.
7) Key in Decca chain number referring to the Decca chain list in the Appendix. For the Europe chain, for example, press [0]
[1].
8) Key in Decca lane pair. Red, [1]; Green
[2], and Purple [3].
9) Press ▼.
10) Key in lane correction value.
11) If necessary, press [ ] to switch from plus to minus or vice versa.
12) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
13) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
6 – 2
Registering waypoints using LOPs
1) Press [WPT RTE] and [4].
2) Press [ ] to display LOPs.
WAYPOINT LIST (LOP, LC)
MARINE POINT AUG12' 95 12 : 35U
002 36512.3 59134.5
___ A POINT AUG13' 95 13 : 45U
003 _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ , _
___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
004 _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ , _
___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
: L/L LOP
ENT : Enter
: Edit
MENU : Escape
Figure 6-4 LOP display on the waypoint list
3) Press ▲ or ▼ to select waypoint number.
4) Press t or s. Your display should look like one of the displays in Figure 6-5.
Edit=Waypoint : 001
LC8930 : 30 50
(34° 12.345' N 130° 23.456' E)
Mark :
Cmnt : MARINE POINT
: Cursor
ENT : Enter
: Column
MENU : Escape
Loran C LOP input screen
Edit=Waypoint : 001
DE : 32 (9C) RED GREEN
(34° 12.345' N 130° 23.456' E)
Mark :
Cmnt : MARINE POINT
ABCDEFGHIJ fi 1, 2 ~ 9, 0
: Cursor
ENT : Enter
: Column
MENU : Escape
Decca LOP input screen
5) Key in LOP1 and LOP2, to enable calculation.
6) Press ▼ to calculate LOPs. "Calculating" appears between parentheses during the calculation. Actual LOPs replace "Calculating" upon completion of the calculation.
If the conversion fails, the message "Failed in Conversion" appears for three seconds.
Press the [CLEAR] key and reenter the right LOP1 and LOP2.
7) Press t or s to select mark.
8) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
9) Enter comment, if desired.
10) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key twice.
Waypoint data and date and time registered appear.
Figure 6-5 LOP input screens
6 – 3
6.3 Demo Display
The demo display provides simulated operation of this unit. Own ship tracks, at the speed selected, a figure eight course, starting from position entered. All controls are operative; you may change course, enter marks, etc.
1) While pressing and holding down [NU/CU
ENT], turn on the power. After the test results appear, the Simulation Mode menu appears.
DEMO SETTING
BASE POSITION
_ _° _ _._ _ _' N _ _ _°_ _._ _ _' W
SPEED
00.00kt
: Cursor
ENT: Enter
: Column
: N/S, E/W
Figure 6-6 Simulation mode menu
2) Key in latitude of initial position.
3) If necessary, press [ ] to switch from north latitude to south latitude or vice versa.
4) Key in longitude.
5) If necessary, press [ ] to switch from east longitude to west longitude or vice versa.
6) Press ▼ key.
7) Key in speed.
8) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key to start the simulation mode.
The icon appears in the plotter 1, 2, and highway display. All controls are operative.
Note: The return to the normal mode, turn off the power and then turn it on while pressing and holding down [NU/CU ENT] key.
Note: When the memory is cleared while in the demonstration mode, the equipment starts up in the normal mode.
6 – 4
7. ALARMS
There are seven alarm conditions which generate both audible and visual alarms.
When an alarm setting is violated, the buzzer sounds and the name of the offending alarm appears on the display. The alarm icon also appears on the Plotter 1, Plotter 2 and Highway displays.
Alarm icon
34° 23.456´ N 135° 45.678´ E
Arrival alarm
Speed alarm
Alarm message
Press CLEAR to silence beep
DGPS 3D
BRG
234°
CSE
345°
RNG
123 nm
SPD
12.3
kt
Press CLEAR
Press CLEAR to close window
Figure 7-1 Location of alarm messages and alarm icon
7.1 Arrival Alarm, Anchor
Watch Alarm
Arrival alarm
The arrival alarm informs you that own ship is approaching a destination waypoint. The area that defines an arrival zone is that of a circle which you approach from the outside of the circle. The alarm will be released if own ship enters the circle.
Alarm setting
1) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
2) Press [4] to display the ALARM SET-
TINGS menu.
ALARM SETTINGS 1/2
Arrival/Anchor Arr. Anc. Off
Alarm Range 0.100nm
XTE On Off
Alarm Range 0.050nm
Speed Rage 000.0 ~ 025.0kt
Next Page
ENT : Enter
: Select
MENU : Escape
Figure 7-3 ALARM SETTINGS menu, page 1/2
3) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Arrival/Anchor.
4) Press t or s to select Arr.
5) Press ▼ to select Alarm Range.
6) Key in alarm range (0.001–9.999 nm).
7) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
8) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
When own ship nears a waypoint by the range set here, the buzzer sounds and the message
"Arrival alarm" appears. You can silence the audible alarm by pressing the [CLEAR] key.
To erase the visual alarm, press the [CLEAR] key again.
To disable the alarm, select Off at step 4.
Own ship's position
Destination waypoint
: Alarm range
Figure 7-2 How the arrival alarm works
7 – 1
Anchor watch alarm
The anchor watch alarm sounds to warn you that own ship is moving when it should be at rest.
7.2 Cross Track Error (XTE)
Alarm
The XTE alarm warns you when own ship is off its intended course.
Alarm setting
Own ship's position
Destination waypoint
: Alarm range
Starting waypoint
Own ship's position
Alarm setting
Destination waypoint
Figure 7-4 How the anchor watch alarm works
Before setting the anchor watch alarm, set present position as destination waypoint, referring to chapter 5.
1) Press [MENU ESC] and [4].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Arrival/Anchor.
3) Press t or s to select Anc.
4) Press ▼ to select Alarm Range.
5) Key in alarm range (0.001–9.999 nm).
6) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
7) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
When own ship drifts by the range set here, the buzzer sounds and the message "Anchor alarm" appears. You can silence the audible alarm by pressing the [CLEAR] key. To erase the visual alarm, press the [CLEAR] key again.
To disable the alarm, select Off at step 3.
: Alarm range
Figure 7-5 How the XTE alarm works
1) Press [MENU ESC] and [4].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select XTE.
3) Press t or s to select On.
4) Press ▼ to select Alarm Range.
5) Key in alarm range (0.001–9.999 nm).
6) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
7) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
When own ship strays from the intended track by the range set here, the buzzer sounds and the message "Cross track error alarm" appears.
You can silence the audible alarm by pressing the [CLEAR] key. To erase the visual alarm, press the [CLEAR] key again.
To disable the alarm, select Off at step 3.
7 – 2
7.3 Ship’s Speed Alarm
The ship’s speed alarm sounds when ship's speed is lower or higher (or within) the alarm range set.
1) Press [MENU ESC] and [4].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Ship Speed.
3) Press t or s to select In (or Over).
In: Alarm sounds when speed is within range set.
Over: Alarm sounds when speed is higher or lower than range set.
4) Press ▼ to select Speed Range.
5) Key in low speed.
6) Key in high speed.
7) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
8) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
When speed is higher or lower (or within) than the speed set here, the buzzer sounds and the message "Speed alarm" appears. You can silence the audible alarm by pressing the
[CLEAR] key. To erase the visual alarm, press the [CLEAR] key again.
To disable the alarm, select Off at step 3.
7.4 Trip Alarm
The trip alarm sounds when the distance run is greater than the trip alarm setting.
1) Press [MENU ESC] and [4].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Next Page. The menu shown in Figure 7-6 appears.
ALARM SETTINGS 2/2
To Previous Page
Trip Range 0123.00nm
Water Temp. In Over Off
Temp. Range +12.0 ~ +15.0
°
C
Depth In Over Off
Depth Range 0003.0 ~ 0200.0ft
DGPS Alarm On Off
: Select
ENT : Enter
MENU : Escape
:
+/-
Figure 7-6 Alarm settings menu, page 2/2
3) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Trip.
4) If necessary, press [CLEAR] to reset the trip distance and trip elapsed time (see page 6-1).
5) Press t or s to select On.
6) Press ▼ to select Trip Range.
7) Key in trip range.
8) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
9) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
When the ship's distance run is higher than the trip range set here, the buzzer sounds and the message "Trip alarm" appears. You can silence the audible alarm by pressing the
[CLEAR] key. To erase the visual alarm, press the [CLEAR] key again.
7 – 3
7.5 Water Temperature Alarm
The water temperature alarm sounds when the water temperature is higher or lower (or within) the preset temperature. This alarm requires temperature signal from external equipment.
1) Press [MENU ESC] and [4].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Water Temp.
3) Press t or s to select In (or Over).
4) Press ▼ to select Temp. Range.
5) Key in low temperature.
6) Key in high temperature.
7) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
8) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
When the water temperature is higher or lower
(or within) the preset value, the buzzer sounds and the message "Water temp alarm" appears.
You can silence the audible alarm by pressing the [CLEAR] key. To erase the visual alarm, press the [CLEAR] key again.
To disable the alarm, select Off at step 4.
7.6 Depth Alarm
The depth temperature alarm sounds when the depth is higher or lower (or within) the preset depth. This alarm requires video sounder connection.
1) Press [MENU ESC] and [4].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Depth.
3) Press t or s to select In (or Over).
4) Press ▼ to select Depth Range.
5) Key in low depth.
6) Key in high depth.
7) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
8) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
When the depth is higher or lower (or within) the preset value, the buzzer sounds and the message "Depth alarm" appears. You can silence the audible alarm by pressing the
[CLEAR] key. To erase the visual alarm, press the [CLEAR] key again.
To disable the alarm, select Off at step 4.
7.7 DGPS Alarm
The DGPS alarm sounds when the DGPS signal is lost. This alarm may be enabled or disabled as below.
1) Press [MENU ESC] and [4].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select DGPS Alarm.
3) Press t to select On, or sto select off.
4) Press the [NU/CU/ENT] key.
5) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
7 – 4
8. MENU SETTINGS
8.1 GPS Menu
Menu description
Fix mode
Two position fixing modes are available: 2D and 2/3D. The 2D mode provides two dimensional position fixes (latitude and longitude only) and is used when three satellites are in line of sight of the GPS receiver.
The 2/3D mode switches between two and three dimension position fixing automatically depending on how many satellites (three or four) are in light of sight of the GPS receiver.
Disable satellite
Every GPS satellite is broadcasting abnormal satellite number(s) in the Almanac. Using this information, the GPS receiver automatically eliminates any malfunctioning satellite from the GPS satellite schedule. However, the Almanac sometimes may not contain this information. You can disable an inoperative satellite manually on the GPS SETUP menu.
GPS smoothing, position
When the DOP or receiving condition is unfavorable, the GPS fix may change greatly, even if the vessel is dead in water. This change can be reduced by smoothing the raw GPS fixes. A setting between 0 and 9 is available.
The higher the setting the more smoothed the raw data, however too high a setting slows response time to change in latitude and longitude. This is especially noticeable at high ship’s speeds. "0" is the normal setting; increase the setting if the GPS fix changes greatly.
GPS smoothing, speed
During position fixing, ship’s velocity (speed and course) is directly measured by receiving
GPS satellite signals. The raw velocity data may change randomly depending on receiving conditions and other factors. You can reduce this random variation by increasing the smoothing. Like with latitude and longitude smoothing, the higher the speed and course smoothing the more smoothed the raw data.
If the setting is too high, however, the response to speed and course change slows. For no smoothing, enter "0." "5" is suitable for most conditions.
Speed average
Calculation of ETA and TTG, etc. is based on average ship’s speed over a given period. The default setting is one minute.
Geodetic datum
Select the geodetic chart system you are using. WGS-84 (standard GPS chart system) and
NAD 27 can be directly selected. For other charts, select "OTHER" and enter chart number referring to the geodetic chart list in the
Appendix.
Position offset
You may apply an offset to position generated by the internal GPS receiver, to compensate for difference between GPS position and chart position.
Time difference
The GPS system uses UTC time. If you would rather use local time, enter the difference in hours between local time and UTC. Use the
[+] and [–] keys for times later or earlier than
UTC, respectively.
Position
Enter ship's position when cold starting (no satellite information in memory) the GPS receiver, to fix position faster. Accuracy should be within 10
°
.
8 – 1
Selecting fix mode
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [6] to display the GPS SETUP menu.
GPS SETUP 1/2
Fix mode 2D 2/3D
Disable satellite 12 (1-32)
GPS Smoothing
Spd 0 0 5 (000-999 sec)
Speed Average 01 minute
To Next Page
: Select
MENU : Escape
ENT : Enter
Entering GPS speed smoothing
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [6].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Spd.
3) Enter smoothing factor in three digits
(001–999).
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
5) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
Figure 8-1 GPS SETUP menu, page 1/2
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Fix mode.
3) Press t or s to select fix mode desired.
4) Press ▼ to change other settings, or press
[MENU ESC] to register settings and escape.
Disabling satellites
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [6].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Disable satellite.
3) Key in satellite number, in two digits (01–
32). Three sets of satellite numbers may be entered.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key. If an invalid number is entered the buzzer sounds.
5) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
Note: To enable all disabled satellites, press the
[CLEAR] key at step 3. All satellite numbers on the Disable satellite line are erased.
Entering speed averaging
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [6].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Speed Average.
3) Enter smoothing factor in two digits (00–
99).
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
5) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
Entering geodetic datum
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [6].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Geodetic Datum on page 2/2.
GPS SETUP 2/2
To Previous Page
(005)
Posn Offset 0.000' N 0.000' E
Time Diff. +09: 00
Posn 12° 36.789' N 112° 47.890' E
: Select
MENU : Escape
ENT : Enter
: +/—
Entering GPS position smoothing
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [6].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Posn.
3) Enter smoothing factor in three digits
(001–999).
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
5) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
Figure 8-2 GPS SETUP menu, page 2/2
3) Press t or s to select geodetic datum to use. For geodetic datum other than WGS-
72 or NAD-27, select OTHER and key in chart number (001–173) referring to the geodetic chart list in the Appendix.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
5) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
8 – 2
Entering position offset
If you do not know the type of chart you are using, GPS position may be wrong. Note the difference in position when moored to a pier and enter it on the GPS SETUP menu, to get correct position.
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [6].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Posn Offset on page
2/2.
3) If necessary press [ ] to switch from north latitude to south latitude or vice versa.
4) Key in latitude correction.
5) If necessary press [ ] to switch from east longitude to west longitude or vice versa.
6) Key in longitude correction.
7) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
8) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
4) If necessary, press [ ] to switch from east longitude to west longitude or vice versa.
Key in longitude.
5) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
6) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
8.2 Selecting Units of
Measurement
Unit of distance
Distance can be displayed in nautical mile, kilometer or statute mile as follows.
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [2]. The
UNIT SETUP menu appears.
Entering time difference
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [6].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Time Diff on page
2/2.
3) Key in time difference (–14:00 to +14:00).
4) Press [ ] to change from plus to minus or vice versa.
5) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
Entering position
After the unit is installed you may enter position to shorten the time it takes to find position. (It takes about two minutes when there is no position data entered.)
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [6].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Posn on page 2/2.
3) If necessary, press [ ] to switch from north latitude to south latitude or vice versa. Key in latitude.
UNIT SETUP
Unit of Distance
nm
Unit of Depth
Unit of Temp.
Unit of Altitude km sm m ft FA
° C
° F m ft
ENT : Enter
:Select
MENU : Escape
Figure 8-3 UNIT SETUP menu
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Unit of Distance.
3) Press t or s to select unit; nm, km or sm.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
5) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
Unit of depth
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [2].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Unit of Depth.
3) Press t or s to select unit; meter, feet, or fathom.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
5) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
8 – 3
Unit of water temperature
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [2].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Unit of Temp.
3) Press t or s to select unit; Centigrade or
Fahrenheit.
4) Press [NU/CU ENT] and [MENU ESC].
Unit of altitude
Available only in 3D mode.
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [2].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Unit of Altitude.
3) Press t or s to select unit.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
5) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
3) Press t or s to select brilliance.
4) Press [NU/CU ENT] and [MENU ESC].
Course bar tone
The course bar can be displayed in light or dark tone, or turned off.
1) Press [MENU ESC] and [1].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Course Bar.
3) Press t or s to select brilliance.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
5) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
8.3 Mark, Character Size and
Brilliance
The DISPLAY SETUP menu lets you select the size and brilliance of various markers.
Time mark tone
The time mark can be displayed in light or dark tone, or turned off.
1) Press [MENU ESC] and [1].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Time Mark.
3) Press t or s to select brilliance.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
5) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
Grid tone
The grid can be displayed in light or dark tone, or turned off.
1) Press [MENU ESC] and [1]. The DIS-
PLAY SETUP menu appears.
DISPLAY SETUP
Grid
Course Bar
Dark
Dark
Waypoint Size
Cursor Size
Large
Large
: Select
ENT : Enter
Light
Light
Light
Small
Small
Off
Off
Off
MENU : Escape
Figure 8-4 DISPLAY SETUP menu
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Grid.
8 – 4
Waypoint mark size
The size of the waypoint mark can be selected to large or small.
Large waypoint mark
No icon With icon
12
12
Small waypoint mark
Figure 8-5 Waypoint mark size
1) Press [MENU ESC] and [1].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Waypoint Size.
3) Press t or s to select Large or Small.
4) Press [NU/CU ENT] and [MENU ESC].
Enlarging characters
The size of the indications of position or user defined display areas can be enlarged on the
Data display.
1) On the Data display, with no enlarged characters, press the [CURSOR ON/OFF] key to turn on the cursor.
2) Operate the cursor keys to select data to enlarge in the window.
3) Press the [ZOOM IN] key.
To switch character size from enlarged to normal, press the [ZOOM OUT] key at step 3.
Position
Cursor
SEP 12, 1995 23:59'59" U DGPS 3D
POSITION
12
°
23.456' N
123
°
23.456' E
WGS84
RNG
31.23
nm
SPD
12.3
kt
BRG
223.4
°
CSE
123.4
°
TO : 001
MARINE
POINT1
NEXT
: 002
MARINE
POINT2
Cursor size
The size of the cursor can be selected to large or small.
Large cursor Small cursor
Figure 8-6 Cursor size
1) Press [MENU ESC] and [1].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Cursor Size.
3) Press t or s to select Large or Small.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
5) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
User-defined display window
ZOOM
OUT
ZOOM
IN
SEP 12, 1995 23:59'59" U DGPS 3D
N12
°
POSITION
23.456'
E123
°
WGS84
23.456'
Figure 8-7 How to enlarge indications on the data display
8 – 5
8.4 Settings for Connection of Navigator
Besides its fundamental function of displaying position, the GP-80 can also output various data to external equipment. Before outputting data to external equipment, first determine what data the external equipment requires. Output only necessary data to ensure data will be output correctly.
All data transmitted by marine electronics equipment are prefixed with a two character code called a talker. The same talker must be shared by the transmitting and receiving equipment to transmit and receive data successfully. The GP-80 transmits data using the
GP (GPS talker), however it can also transmit using the Loran (LC) or Decca (DE) talker.
Because the GP talker is a relatively new system some early model equipment may not recognize this talker.
DATA 1 output setting
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [3]. The
DATA 1, 3 OUTPUT SETUP menu appears.
DATA 1, 3 OUTPUT SETUP
Data Fmt.
V1.5 V2.0 IEC
Talker ID GP LC DE
Output Data (00-90 sec)81%
1. AAM:00 APA:00 APB:04 BOD:00
2. BWR:00 BWW:00 GGA:00 GLL:01
3. RMB:01 RMC:01 VTG:01 WCV:01
4. WNR:00 WPL:00 XTE:00 ZDA:01
5. GNS:00 ZTG:01 Rnn:00 RTE:00
3) Press t or s to select NMEA 0183
(V1.5 or V2.0) or IEC 61162-1.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key. Talker ID appears in reverse video.
5) Press t or s to select GP, LC or DE.
6) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
7) Enter Tx interval for each output data sentence in line 1. Tx interval is available in
00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 10, 15, 20, 30,
60 and 90 (seconds).
8) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
9) Enter Tx interval for each output data sentence in lines 2 through 5. Press the [NU/
CU ENT] key after setting each line.
For detailed information about Tx interval see the installation manual. However, the settings entered by the installer of the equipment should not be changed unless absolutely necessary.
BWC and WNC are for great circle navigation and BWR and WNR are for rhumb line navigation.
The total data output are shown by percentage on the third line. For best results the total output should not exceed 90%; lengthen the
Tx interval of less important data to make the total output less than 90%.
When the external equipment cannot display correct data input from the GP-80, the rate of operation should be lowered.
For example, set a rate of operation less then
60% for the Temoerature Indicator TI-20.
ENT : Enter
MENU : Escape
Settings shown here are default settings.
This line appears only when LOG is selected by internal jumper wires.
Figure 8-8 DATA 1, 3 OUTPUT
SETUP menu
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Data Fmt.
8-6
DATA 2 output setting
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [4]. The
DATA 2 OUTPUT SETUP menu appears.
DATA 2 OUTPUT SETUP
Data Fmt.
V1.5 V2.0
IEC
Talker ID GP LC DE
Output Data (00-90 sec)81%
1. AAM:00 APA:00 APB:04 BOD:00
2. BWR:00 BWW:00 GGA:00 GLL:01
3. RMB:01 RMC:01 VTG:01 WCV:01
4. WNR:00 WPL:00 XTE:00 ZDA:01
5. GNS:00 ZTG:01 Rnn:00 RTE:00
Setting DATA 4 to NMEA
The DATA 4 port connects to a personal computer, DGPS receiver or YEOMAN equipment.
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [5]. The
DATA 4 I/O SETUP (1/2) menu appears.
DATA 4 I/O SETUP 1/2
Data Out Com. DGPS
To Next Page
ENT : Enter
: Select
MENU : Escape
Settings shown here are default settings.
Figure 8-9 DATA 2 OUTPUT
SETUP menu
2) Follow the procedure for setting DATA 1 output.
DATA 3 output setting
The DATA 3 connector can output IEC 61162-
1/NMEA 0183 data or log pulse. (For details, see the Installation Manual.) For NMEA 0183,
IEC 61162-1 the same data output by DATA
1 is output from DATA 3.
For log pulse, select 200 or 400 pulse per second depending on the device connected.
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [3].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select DATA 3. Log Pulse.
3) Press t or s to select log pulse of external equipment; 200ppm or 400ppm.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key twice.
ENT : Enter
: Select
MENU : Escape
Appears only when external
DGPS receiver is used.
Figure 8-10 DATA 4 I/O SETUP menu (1/2)
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Level.
3) Press t or s to select level of external equipment; RS232C or RS422.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
5) Press t or s to select Out.
6) Press ▼ to select To Next Page. The DATA
4 I/O SETUP (2/2) menu appears.
DATA 4 I/O SETUP <Out> 2/2
To Previous Page
Data Fmt.
V1.5 V2.0
IEC
Talker ID GP LC DE
Output Data (00-90 sec) 81%
1. AAM:00 APA:00 APB:04 BOD:00
2. BWR:00 BWW:00 GGA:00 GLL:01
3. RMB:01 RMC:01 VTG:01 WCV:01
4. WNR:00 WPL:00 XTE:00 ZDA:01
5. GNS:00 ZTG:01 Rnn:00 RTE:00
ENT : Enter
MENU : Escape
Figure 8-11 DATA 4 I/O SETUP menu (2/2)
7) Follow "DATA 1 output setting" from step
2.
8-7
8.5 Receiving Data from
Personal Computer
Loading Waypoints/Routes data
Waypoints and Routes data can be downloaded from a personal computer, through the
DATA 4 connector.
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [5].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Level.
3) Press t or s to select level of personal computer; RS232C or RS422.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
5) Press s to select Com.
6) Press ▼ to select To Next Page. The DATA
4 I/O SETUP menu appears.
DATA 4 I/O SETUP <Com.> 2/2
To Previous Page
Baud Rate 9600 bps
Load Data
WPT/RTE WPT
Command Stop Start
Save Data WPT/RTE
Command Stop Start
ENT : Enter
: Select
MENU : Escape
*: Not used.
Figure 8-12 DATA 4 I/O SETUP menu (2/2)
7) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Baud Rate.
8) Press t or s to select baud rate; 4800bps,
9600bps, or 19200bps.
9) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
10) Press t to select WPT/RTE.
11) Press ▼ to select Command. Stop, on the same line as Command, appears in reverse video.
12) Press s to select Start. The message shown in Figure 8-13 appears.
Loading erases current data and stops Route navigation
Are you sure to load ?
ENT: Yes MENU:No
Figure 8-13
13) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key. The message shown in Figure 8-14 appears while data is being loaded.
Now loading
Waypoint/Route data !
MENU:Stop
Figure 8-14
14) Operate the computer to output data.
When data is loaded, the cursor shifts to
Stop.
15) Press the [MENU ESC] key. When data is loaded successfully, The message in
Figure 8-15 appears.
Loading ended successfully
Press any key
Figure 8-15
If data could not be loaded, the message shown in Figure 8-16 appears.
Failed in loading
Invalid data
Press any key
Figure 8-16
Stopping loading of data
1) Press the [MENU ESC] key. The message shown in Figure 8-17 appears.
Are you sure to stop ?
ENT: Yes MENU:No
Figure 8-17
8-8
2) To quit loading, press the [NU/CU ENT] key. The cursor shifts to Stop.
3) To start loading, select Start.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
Loading waypoint data from
YEOMAN equipment
1) Do steps 1 through 9 in "Loading lighthouse data."
2) Press t or s to select WPT.
3) Press ▼ to select Command.
4) Press s to select Start. The message shown in Figure 8-18 appears.
Are you sure to load ?
ENT: Yes MENU:No
Figure 8-18
5) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key. The message shown in Figure 8-19 appears.
Now loading
Waypoint data !
MENU:Stop
Figure 8-19
6) Operate the YEOMAN to output data.
When data is loaded, the cursor automatically shifts to "Stop". Waypoints are loaded into empty areas. When the waypoint area becomes full, the message shown in Figure 8-20 appears.
Waypoint area is full !
Can't load any data
Press any key to stop
The number of valid and invalid waypoints appears in the message.
Loading completed
Valid waypoint : 0
Invalid waypoint : 0
Press any key
Figure 8-21
8) Press the [MENU ESC] key twice.
Saving data to personal computer
Waypoint and route data can be saved to a personal computer.
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [5].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Level.
3) Press t or s to select level; RS232C or
RS422.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key. "Data" appears in reverse video.
5) Press s to select Com.
6) Press ▼ to select Next Page.
7) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Baud Rate.
8) Press t or s to select baud rate;
4800bps, 9600bps, or 19200bps.
9) Press ▼ to select Command (under the
Save Data line). Stop, on the same line as
Command, appears in reverse video.
10) Press s to select Start. The message shown in Figure 8-22 appears.
Are you sure to save ?
ENT: Yes MENU:No
Figure 8-22
Figure 8-20
7) When the data is loaded, press [CU/NU
ENT] and [MENU ESC]. The message shown in Figure 8-21 appears.
8-9
11) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key. The message shown in Figure 8-23 appears while data is being saved.
Now saving
Waypoint/Route data !
MENU:Stop
Figure 8-23
12) Save data at the computer.
13) Press the [MENU ESC] key. When data is saved, the cursor shifts to Stop.
14) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [7] to display the DGPS SETUP menu.
Frequency appears when
"MAN" is selected.
DGPS SETUP
DGPS MODE On Off
Ref. Station Auto Man (ID= )
Freq. 288.0kHz
Baud Rate 200 bps
8.6 DGPS Settings
A DGPS beacon receiver (built in or external) may be connected to the GP-80 to further refine position accuracy. Set up to receive the DGPS beacon signal as follows.
Selecting DGPS station
The default setting is "manual".
Automatic
The GR-800 can automatically select optimum reference station by feeding it position data. If it takes more than 5 minutes to fix
DGPS position at the automatic mode, switch to manual mode. Use at manual mode when a external beacon receiver has no automatic function of station selection.
ENT : Enter
: Select
MENU : Escape
Figure 8-24 DGPS SETUP menu
2) Set DGPS MODE On.
3) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Ref. Station.
4) Press t or s to select Auto.
5) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
6) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
Manual
Enter four digit ID number, frequency and baud rate of station.
Reference
• ID number: Appendix at end of this manual
• Frequency, baud rate : "DGPS REFER-
ENCE LIST"
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [7] to display the DGPS SETUP menu.
2) Set DGPS MODE On.
3) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Ref. Station.
4) Press t or s to select Man.
5) Enter four digit ID number. You can clear an entry by the [CLEAR] key. If the number entered is invalid, the buzzer sounds and the message "INVALID ID" appears on the display for three seconds.
If there is no ID number, press the
[CLEAR] key.
6) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
7) Enter frequency in four digits (283.5kHz
to 325.0kHz).
8-10
8) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key. "Baud Rate" appears in reverse video.
9) Press t or s to select baud rate; 25, 50,
100 or 200bps.
10) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
14) Press t or s to select baud rate; 4800 or 9600.
15) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
Setup for external DGPS beacon receiver
When an external DGPS beacon receiver is connected to the DATA 4 connector, set up the GP-80 according to specification of DPGS beacon receiver connected as follows.
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [5].
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Level.
3) Press t or s to select level; RS232C or
RS422.
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
5) Press t or s to select DGPS.
6) Press ▼ to select To Next Page.
DATA 4 I/O SETUP "DGPS" 2/2
To Previous Page
LSB
Parity EVEN ODD NONE
Stop Bit 1 2
Baud Rate 4800 9600
8.7 Displaying GPS Monitor
Displays
Three GPS monitor displays provide GPS information:
• Satellite monitor which shows position of
GPS satellites
• Beacon receiver monitor which displays
DGPS beacon station information
• DGPS beacon station message monitor which displays messages received from beacon stations
To display the GPS monitor displays;
1) Press [MENU ESC] [7].
2) Press [ ] to display the GPS monitor you want to view.
3) Press the [MENU ESC] to escape.
Number, bearing and elevation angle of all satellites in view of the GPS receiver appear. Satellites being used in fixing position are circled with a solid line; satellites not being used in fixing position are circled with a dashed line.
Satellite distribution
Fixing date and time
GPS fix state
ENT : Enter
: Select
MENU : Escape
Figure 8-25 DATA 4 I/O SETUP
"DGPS" 2/2 menu
7) Press ▲ or ▼ to select First Bit.
8) Press t or s to select first bit; MSB or
LSB.
9) Press ▼ to select Parity.
10) Press t or s to select parity bit; EVEN,
ODD or NONE.
11) Press ▼ to select Stop Bit.
12) Press t or s to select stop bit; 1 or 2.
13) Press ▼ to select Baud Rate.
Aug 21 1995 23:59'59" U
N
01
24
12
W
09
31
08
18
16
19
E
DGPS 3D
SV (PRN)
01
12
31
16
18
19
09
08
24
30
40
SNR
50
S
:BEACON RCVR MONITOR
MENU:Escape
DOP:1.5
Satellite number with circle is used for positioning.
DOP value
Receive signal level
(When signal level is more than 35, it is used for positioning.)
SATELLITES MONITOR
8-11
Aug 21 1995 23:59'59" U
DGPS 3D
BEACON STATION
NAME:
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
ID: _ _ _ _ Health: _
Bit Rate: _ _ _ bps Freq: _ _ _ . _ kHz
Sig Strength: _ _ dB SNR: _ _ dB
DGPS DATA: Good
BEACON STATION:
Good
:STATION MESSAGE
MENU:Escape
DGPS data and DGPS station receiving condition
DGPS station data
BEACON RECEIVER MONITOR
Aug 21 1995 23:59'59" U
Message:
STATION IS OPERATING.
DGPS 3D
:SATELLITES MONITOR
MENU:Escape
STATION MESSAGE
Return to SATELLITES
MONITOR
Figure 8-26 GPS monitor displays
8-12
9. MAINTENANCE &
TROUBLESHOOTING
9.1 Clearing the Memory
The GP-80 has two memories: GPS memory and plotter memory.
Clearing the GPS memory
The GPS memory stores GPS information, including the Almanac. When you clear the
GPS memory, all GPS information is erased.
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [9] to display the CLEAR MEMORY menu.
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Clear GPS.
3) Press s to select Yes. The following message appears.
Setting for cold start
Are you sure to clear ?
ENT:Yes MENU:No
Clearing the plotter memory
The plotter memory holds plotted track and mark data. When you clear the plotter memory, all track and marks are cleared and all corresponding defaults settings are restored.
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [9] to display the CLEAR MEMORY menu.
CLEAR MEMORY
Clear Plotter No Yes
Clear All No Yes
Figure 9-3
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
Clearing GPS and plotter memories
To clear both GPS and plotter memories;
1) Press [MENU ESC] [9] and [9] to display the CLEAR MEMORY menu.
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Clear All.
3) Press s to select Yes. The message shown in Figure 9-4 appears.
: Select
MENU : Escape
Figure 9-1 CLEAR MEMORY menu
2) Press ▲ or ▼ to select Clear Plotter.
3) Press s to select Yes. The following message appears.
Clear tracks and marks
Are you sure to clear ?
ENT:Yes MENU:No
Setting for default
Are you sure to clear ?
ENT:Yes MENU:No
Figure 9-4
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
Note: The equipment may lock after clearing the
GPS and plotter memories. Reapply power to the equipment to restore normal operation.
Figure 9-2
4) Press the [NU/CU ENT] key.
9 – 1
9.2 Preventative Maintenance
Regular maintenance is necessary to maintain performance. Check the items mentioned below monthly to keep the equipment in good working order.
9.3 Error Messages
Error messages appear on the display to alert you to possible trouble.
Antenna unit
Check for fixing bolts for tightness.
WARNING
Do not open the display unit cover.
High voltage exists inside.
If the unit is not working properly, contact your dealer.
Antenna cable
Check connector for tightness, rust, damage and water leaks.
GPS error
When GPS signal is suddenly lost and position cannot be calculated within one minute the message shown in Figure 9-5 appears.
Power cable
Check for tight connection.
GPS No fix
Ground terminal
Check for rust and tight connection.
Fuse
The 2A fuse in the power cable protects the unit from overvoltage and equipment fault. If the fuse blows, find out the cause before replacing the fuse. If the fuse blows after replacement, request service.
WARNING
Use only a 2A fuse in the power cable.
Use of different fuses may cause fire.
Figure 9-5 GPS error message
This message may appear when there is an interfering object between the satellite and
GPS receiver (for example, mast) or the antenna cable is disconnected.
DOP error
When PDOP value exceeds 6 in the 3D mode, or HDOP value exceeds 4 in the 2D mode, this error occurs and following indication appears.
DOP Error
Figure 9-6 DOP error message
9-2
DGPS error
When DGPS data contains errors or the DGPS beacon station is experiencing transmitting problems, the message shown in Figure 9-7 appears.
DGPS Error
Figure 9-7 DGPS error message
Self test error message
If the self test (conducted when turning on the power) finds equipment error, the message shown in Figure 9-8 appears.
GPS Self Test Error
Figure 9-8 Self test error message
If the self test error message appears, consult your dealer for advice.
9 – 3
9.4 Troubleshooting
The table which follows provides troubleshooting procedures which you can follow to restore normal operation. If normal operation cannot be restored, ask your dealer for advice.
Table 9-1 Troubleshooting table
I
y p p
f .
o o
.
.
o u s s i i c p o w e r t i t i a n n o o n n i c o t s a n t u r n n o w r t o n g o n b e f t h i x e e d d a t a t o e x c a n n t e r n a l o t b e t r a n s m e q u i p m e n t i t t e d
T h e n .
.
.
• c h e c k p o w e r c o n n e c t o r f o r t i g h t c o n n e c t i o n .
• c h e c k i f s h i p ' s m a i n s i s o f f .
• c h e c k f o r b l o w n f u s e .
• c h e c k a n t e n n a c a b l e f o r t i g h t c o n n e c t i o n a n d w a t e r l e a k a g e .
• c h e c k i f f u n c t i o n a l s a t e l il t e h a s b e e n d i s a b l e d : [ M E N U E S C ] [ 9 ] [ 6 ]
• c h e c k i f c o r r e c t g e o d e t i c c h a r t i s e n t e r e d : [ M E N U E S C ] [ 9 ] [ 6 ]
• a p p l y p o s i t i o n c o r r e c t i o n t o G P S p o s i t i o n : [ M E N U E S C ] [ 9 ] [ 6 ]
• c h e c k
S e e i f t h e d a t a i n s t a f o r m a t ll a t i o n i s m c a o r r e c n u a l t : f o r
[ M E N U f u r t h e r
E S C ] d e t a li s .
[ 9 ] [ 3 ] [ 9 ] [ 4 ] [ 9 ] [ 5 ]
• T x i n t e r v a
[ M E N U
S e e t h e l
E S i n m a y s
C ] t a b e s e t t o " 0 " .
S e l e c t p r o p e r
[ 9 ] ll a t i o n
[ 3 ] m
[ 9 ] a n u a
[ 4 l
] f o r
[ 9 ] f u r
[ 5 t h
] e r d e t a i n li s .
t e r v a l :
• C h e c k a p p r o p r i a t e s e t t i n g s o n e x t e r n a l e q u i p m e n t .
• C h e c k
G P 8 0
T D A
T D B c o n n e c t i o n s : e x t e r n a l e q u i p m e n t
R D A
R D B
9 – 4
9.5 Self Tests
Memory and I/O circuits test
1) Press [MENU ESC] and [8] to display the
SELF TESTS menu.
SELF TESTS
1. Memory, I/O Port Test
3. Test Pattern
4. Automatic Testing
GPS PROGRAM No. 4850237002
NAV PROGRAM No. 2051511-xx.xx
BOOT PROGRAM Code B
:Cursor
ENT:Enter
MENU:Escape xx.xx: Version no.
Figure 9-9 SELF TESTS menu
2) Press [1].
MEMORY, I/O PORT TEST
PROGRAM MEMORY
SRAM
Internal Battery
DATA 1 PORT
DATA 2 PORT
DATA 4 PORT
GPS
BEACON
OK
OK
OK
NG
NG
NG
OK
OK
Whenever NG or 16 hexadecimal figure appears contact your dealer for advice.
DATA 1 PORT, DATA 2 PORT and DATA
4 PORT show results of communication interface test. A special test connector is required to test those ports. NG appears as the results of the self test when there is no test connector attached.
4) Press the [MENU ESC] key to escape.
Note: The life of the internal battery is approximately 5 years.
N a m e
L i t h i u m
T y p e
C R 2 4 5 0 F 2 S T 2 L
C o d e N o .
0 0 0 1 4 4 9 4 1
Keyboard test
1) Press [MENU ESC] [8] and [2] to display the KEYBOARD TEST screen.
KEYBOARD TEST
MENU:Escape
Press CLEAR 3 times to escape
Figure 9-10 MEMORY, I/O PORT
TEST display
3) When testing is finished, press the [MENU
ESC] key to escape and return to the Self
Test menu. (Testing continues if the key is not pressed.)
OK appears to the right of PROGRAM,
SRAM and Internal Battery when those devices are normal; NG (No Good) appears when an abnormality is found.
OK appears to the right of GPS and BEA-
CON when they are normal; NG and 16 hexadecimal figure appear when an abnormality is found.
Figure 9-11 KEYBOARD TEST screen
2) Press each key one by one. A key's corresponding location on the screen lights in reverse video if the key is normal.
3) To quit the keyboard test, press the
[CLEAR] key three times. Control is returned to the SELF TESTS menu.
4) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
9-5
Display test
1) Press [MENU ESC] [8] and [3] to display the test pattern screens.
2) To change the test pattern, press the [NU/
CU ENT] key. Each time the key is pressed one of the patterns shown in Figure 9-12 appears.
TEST PATTERN
Automatic testing
This feature conducts all self tests continuously.
1) Press [MENU ESC] [8] and [4]. Self tests are conducted continuously in the order of memory, I/O test, keyboard test and test pattern.
2) To stop testing, press the [MENU ESC] key.
3) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
ENT:Pattern MENU:Escape
Figure 9-12 Test patterns 1 and 2
3) To quit the test pattern, press the [CLEAR] key three times. Control is returned to the
SELF TESTS menu.
4) Press the [MENU ESC] key.
9 – 6
10. INTRODUCTION
TO GPS
10.1 What is GPS?
GPS is an acronym meaning Global Positioning System. GPS (sometimes referred to as
NAVSTAR) is a highly precise satellite navigation system developed by the U.S. Department of Defense.
When full global coverage becomes available, a constellation of 24 satellites emplaced in nearly 20,000-kilometer high 12-hour circular orbits will provide highly precise, continuous, worldwide, all-weather position plus time and velocity information to GPS receiverequipped vehicles, vessels and aircraft.
10.2 How the GPS Receiver
Calculates Position
The GPS receiver’s position is continuously fixed by receiving 3 (or 4) satellites in lineof-sight of the GPS receiver. The basic steps in position fixing are as below.
1) GPS satellites continually transmit their own precise orbital data called ephemeris.
The GPS receiver computes satellites’ position by this data.
2) The GPS receiver measures very accurate distance to the satellites.
3) Satellite locations and their distances from the GPS receiver are known. The GPS receiver fixes its own position by triangulation.
d
1 d
2 d
3
1
Satellite locations are calculated.
2
Distances are measured.
3
The GPS fix is the point of intersection of three spheres which are drawn around the three satellites with diameter d
1
, d
3
, and d
3
.
GPS fix
Figure 10-1 How the GPS receiver calculates position
10 – 1
10.3 Position-fixing Accuracy
(HDOP)
In radar position-fixing, most accurate position fixes are obtained when the targets used are spaced nearly 90
°
from each other. Similarly, GPS position fixing accuracy is subject to satellite location. Generally, the further apart the satellites are from one another, the greater the position-fixing accuracy.
For example, take a look at Figure 10-2. In both situations a fix is obtainable in the Northern Pacific region because three satellites are in line-of-sight. However, accuracy will be higher in the bottom figure since the satellites are spread farther apart than the satellites in the top figure.
The index for position-fixing accuracy is known as HDOP (Horizontal Dilution of Precision) for 2D mode or PDOP for 3D mode.
In simpler terms it is the geometrical relationship among 3 (or 4) satellites. The higher the
HDOP value the less accurate the position fix.
The error in distance is proportional to the
HDOP value as shown in Figure 10-3.
ERROR (RMS)
60 m
45 m
30 m
15 m
DOP
3 6 9 12
Figure 10-3 HDOP rate and position error
Note: In this manual HDOP is referred to as DOP.
LOW ACCURACY
HIGH ACCURACY
Figure 10-2 Satellite positions and accuracy of position fix
10 – 2
Specifications
GPS Receiver
Number of receiving channels
Rx frequency
Rx code
Position fixing system
Position Accuracy
12 channels parallel, 12 satellite tracking
1575.42MHz
C/A code
All in view, 8-state Kalman filter
Approx. 10m, 95% of the time, Horizontal dilution of position (HDOP)
≤
4
Note: All GPS receiver are subject to degradation of position and velocity accuracies under the U.S.
Department of Defence. Position may be degraded.
DGPS: Approx. 5 m, 95% of the time
900 kts
Warm start: 12 seconds
Cold start: 90 seconds
1 second
Tracking velocity
Position-fixing time
Position update interval
Display Section
LCD
Display mode
Display
Waypoint storage capacity
Route storage capacity
Alarms
122 x 92 mm (320 x 240 dot matrix)
Plotter modes 1 and 2, Highway, Navigation, Data
Mercator projection
Track recording and mark capacity: 2,000 pts.
Lighthouse, buoy graphic (option)
YEOMAN waypoint display
999 pts. with comment (12 character)
30 routes (30 waypoints per route)
Simple route: 1 route/30 waypoints
Waypoint arrival, Anchor watch, Cross track error,
Speed, Trip, Water temperature, depth
(Continued on next page)
A-1
Data Input/Output
Number of ports
Data format
Input data
Output data
4 I/O ports
IEC 61162-1/NMEA 0183 Ver. 1.5/NMEA Ver. 2.0
•
NMEA 0183: DBT, DPT, MTW, TLL
•
DPGS; RTCM SC104 Ver. 2.1
•
Universal data from personal computer.
IEC 61162-1/NMEA 0183 (Ver. 1.5/Ver. 2.0):
AAM, APB, BOD, BWC, BWR, BWW, GGA,
GLL, GNS, RMB, RMC, VTG, WCV, WNC,
WNR, WPL, XTE, ZDA, ZTG, Rnn, RTE, DTM
(IEC 61162-1)
Power Supply & Environmental Conditions
Power supply and power consumption 12-24 VDC, 0.8-0.4 A
Useable environment
Humidity
Antenna unit: -25
°
C to +70
°
C
Receiver unit:-15
°
C to +55
°
C
95% (40
°
C)
Waterproofing specification Antenna unit: IEC 529 1PX6
Display unit: IEC 529 1PX5 (USCG CFR-46)
Resistancy 1 to 12.5Hz: 3.2 mmpp
12.5 to 25Hz: 0.8 mmpp
25 to 50Hz: 0.2 mmpp
A-2
Digital Interface (IEC 61162-1)
Output sentences of channel 1, 2, 3, 4 (DATA 1, DATA 2, DATA 3, DATA 4)
AAM, APB, BOD, BWC, BWR, BWW, GGA, GLL, RMB, RMC, VTG, WCV, WNC, WPL,
XTE, ZDA, ZTG, RTE, DTM
Input sentences of channel 1 (DATA 1, DATA2, DATA4)
DBT, DPT, MTW, TLL
Transmission interval
All sentences output at the interval selected (00-90 s).
Load requirements as listener
Isolation: Optocoupler
Input impedance: 470 ohms
Max. voltage:
±
15V
Threshold: 3 mA (in case of connection of FURUNO device talker)
Data transmission
Data is transmitted in serial asynchronous form in accordance with the standard referenced in
2.1 of IEC 61162-1. The first bit is a start bit and is followed by data bits.
The following parameters are used:
Baud rate: 4800
Data bits: 8 (D7 = 0), parity none
Stop bits: 1
Start bit
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
Data bits
Stop bit
A-3
Schematic diagrams
DATA1 port (output)
Output drive capability: Max. 10mA
DATA 1
TD-A
J5
1
20P8147
MJ-A6SRMD
FL1
TD-B
2
FL14
7
6
U35
SN75ALS172
8
6
DATA 1 port (input)
20P8147
DATA 1
J5
1
MJ-A6SRMD
RD-H
RD-C
2
3
4
5
Fl12
FL11
JP6
R108
390
6
R77
100
CR13
1SS226
1
3
4
PC-400
U17
5
+5V
R64
2.2K
A-4
DATA 2 port (output)
Output drive capability: Max. 10mA
20P8147
DATA2
TD-A
J7
1
MJ-A6SRMD
FL9
TD-B
2
FL10
3
4
5
6
16
18
17
U35
SN75ALS172
DATA 2 port (input)
DATA2
J7
1
20P8147
MJ-A6SRMD
RD-H
2
3
FL8
RD-C
4
5
6
FL7
JP7
R109
390
R76
100
CR14
1SS226
1
3
4
PC-400
U28
5
+5V
R63
2.2K
A-5
DATA 3 port (output)
Output drive capability: Max. 10mA
DATA3
TD-A
TD-B
20P8147
J6
1
MJ-A6SRMD
FL5
1
2
3
3
FL6
4
5
6
JP4
2
4
14
U35
SN75ALS172
12
13
DATA 4 port
IN/OUT signal is selected by the menu among the output of IEC 61162-1, NMEA Ver. 1.5/2.0,
PC input/output and DGPS signal.
Sentence description
AAM - Waypoint arrival alarm
$--AAM,A,A,x.x,N,c--c*hh<CR><LF>
| | | | | |
| | | | | +--------- 5
| | | | +------------ 4
| | +---+---------------- 3
| +---------------------- 2
+------------------------ 1
1. Status: A=arrival circle entered
2. Status: A=perpendicular passed at waypoint
3. Arrival sircle radius, nautical miles
4. Waypoint ID
5. Checksum
A-6
APB - Autopilot sentence data
$--APB,A,A,x.x,a,N,A,A,x.x,a,c--c,x.x,a,x.x,a,a*hh<CR><LF>
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +------- 13
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | +--------- 12
| | | | | | | | | | | | +--+----------- 11
| | | | | | | | | | +--+----------------- 10
| | | | | | | | | +------------------------ 9
| | | | | | | +--+---------------------------- 8
| | | | | | +---------------------------------- 7
| | | | | +------------------------------------ 6
| | | | +-------------------------------------- 5
| | | +---------------------------------------- 4
| | +------------------------------------------- 3
| +---------------------------------------------- 2
+------------------------------------------------ 1
1. Status: A=Data varid V=LORAN-C blink or SNR warning
V=general warning flag for other navigation systems
when a reliable fix is not available
2. Status: A=OK or not used
V=LORAN-C cycle lock warning flag
3. Magnitude of XTE(cross-track-eror)
4. Direction to steer,L/R
5. XTE units, nautical miles
6. Status: A=arrival circle entered
V=arrival circle not passed
7. Status: A=perpendicular passed at waypoint
V=perpendicular not entered
8. Bearing origin to destination, M/T
9. Destination waypoint ID
10. Bearing, present potition to destination, magnetic or true
11. Heading to steer to destination waypoint, magnetic or true
12. Mode indicator(see Note)
13. Checksum
NOTE Positioning system Mode indicator:
A = Autonomous mode
D = differential mode
S = Simulator mode
N = Data not valid
A-7
BOD - Bearing, origin to destination
$--BOD,x.x,T,x.x,M,c--c,c--c*hh<CR><LF>
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | +--------- 5
| | | | | +------------ 4
| | | | +----------------- 3
| | +--+--------------------- 2
+--+--------------------------- 1
1. Bearing, degrees true
2. Bearing, degrees magnetic
3. Destination waypoint ID
4. Origin waypoint ID
5. Checksum
BWC - Bearing and distance to waypoint
$--BWC, hhmmss.ss, llll.ll, a yyyyy.yy, a, x.x, T, x.x, M, x.x, N, c--c, a*hh<CR><LF>
Checksum
Mode indicator
(see note 1)
Waypoint ID*
Distance, nautical miles
Bearing, degrees magnetic*
Bearing, degrees true
Waypoint longitude, E/W*
Waypoint latitude, N/S*
UTC of observation*
*: Not used
NOTE 1: Positioning system Mode indicator:
A= Autonomous mode
D= Differential mode
S= Simulator mode
N= Data not valid
The Mode indicator field shall not be a null field.
A-8
BWR - Bearing, waypoint to range
$--BWR,hhmmss.ss,llll.lll,a,yyyyy.yyy,a,x.x,T,x.x,M,x.x,N,c--c,a*hh<CR><LF>
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | +---- 9
| | | | | | | | | | | | +------ 8
| | | | | | | | | | | +--------- 7
| | | | | | | | | +--+------------- 6
| | | | | | | +--+------------------- 5
| | | | | +--+------------------------- 4
| | | +-----+------------------------------- 3
| +-----+------------------------------------------- 2
+---------------------------------------------------------- 1
1. UTC of observation
2. Waypoint latitude, N/S
3. Waypoint longitude, E/W
4. Bearing, degrees true
5. Bearing, degrees magnetic
6. Distance, nautical miles
7. Waypoint ID
8. Mode indicator(see note)
9. Checksum
NOTE Positioning system Mode indicator:
A = Autonomous mode
D = differential mode
S = Simulator mode
N = Data not valid
The Mode indicator field shall not be a null field.
BWW - Bearing, waypoint to waypoint
$--BWW,x.x,T,x.x,M,c--c,c--c*hh<CR><LF>
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | +--------- 5
| | | | | +------------ 4
| | | | +----------------- 3
| | +--+--------------------- 2
+--+--------------------------- 1
1. Bearing, degrees true
2. Bearing, degrees magnetic
3. TO waypoint ID
4. FROM waypoint ID
5. Checksum
A-9
DBT - Depth below transducer
$--DBT,x.x,f,x.x,M,x.x,F*hh<CR><LF>
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | +--------- 4
| | | | +--+----------- 3
| | +--+----------------- 2
+--+----------------------- 1
1. Water depth, feet
2. Water depth, m
3. Water depth, fathoms
4. Checksum
DPT - Depth
$--DPT,x.x,x.x,x.x*hh<CR><LF>
| | | |
| | | +----- 4
| | +--------- 3
| +------------ 2
+---------------- 1
1. Water depth relative to trancsducer, in meters
2. Offset from transeducer, in meters(see notes 1 and 2)
3. Maximum range scale in use
4. Checksum
NOTE1 "positive"=distance from transeduser to water-line.
"-"=distance from transducer to keel.
NOTE2 For IEC applications the offset should always be applied
so as to provide depth relative to the keel.
DTM - Datum reference
$--DTM,ccc,a,x.x,a,x.x,a,x.x,ccc*hh<CR><LF>
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | +--- 7
| | | | | | | +------ 6
| | | | | | +---------- 5
| | | | +--+------------- 4
| | +--+------------------- 3
| +------------------------- 2
+---------------------------- 1
1. Local datum W84 - WGS84
W72 - WGS72
S85 - SGS85
P90 - PE90
999 - User defined
IHO datum code
2. Local datum subdivision code
3. Lat offset, min, N/S
4. Lon offset, min, E/W
5. Altitude offset, m
6. Reference dattum W84 - WGS84
W72 - WGS72
S85 - SGS85
P90 - PE90
7. Checksum
A-10
GGA -Global positioning system fix data
$--GGA,hhmmss.ss,llll.lll,a,yyyyy.yyy,a,x,xx,x.x,x.x,M,x.x,M,x.x,xxxx*hh<CR><LF>
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | +-- 11
| | | | | | | | | | | | | +---- 10
| | | | | | | | | | | | +--------- 9
| | | | | | | | | | +---+------------ 8
| | | | | | | | +---+------------------ 7
| | | | | | | +------------------------- 6
| | | | | | +---------------------------- 5
| | | | | +------------------------------- 4
| | | +----+--------------------------------- 3
| +---+--------------------------------------------- 2
+------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1. UTC of position
2. Latitude, N/S
3. Longitude, E/W
4. GPS quality indicator (0: No fix, 1: GPS, 2: Differential, 8: Demo mode)
5. Number of satllite in use,00-12, may be different from the number in view
6. Horizontal dilution of precision
7. Antenna altitude above/below mean sealevel, m
8. Geoidal separation, m
9. Age of differential GPS data
10. Differential reference station ID, 0000-1023
11. Checksum
GLL - Geographic position, latitude and longitude
$--GLL,llll.lll,a,yyyyy.yyy,a,hhmmss.ss,A,a*hh<CR><LF>
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | +------- 6
| | | | | | +--------- 5
| | | | | +----------- 4
| | | | +---------------- 3
| | +------+----------------------- 2
+---+----------------------------------- 1
1. Latitude, N/S
2. Longitude, E/W
3. UTC of position
4. Status: A=data valid, V=data invalid
5. Mode indicator(see note)
6. Checksum
NOTE Positioning system Mode indicator:
A = Autonomous
D = Differential
S = Simulator
N = Data not valid
The Mode indicator field supplements the Status field. The Status field shall be
set to V=invalid for all values of Operating Mode except for A=Autonomous and
D=Differential. The positioning system Mode indicator and Status field shall not
be null fields.
A-11
GNS - GNSS fixed data
$--GNS,hhmmss.ss,llll.lll,a,yyyyy.yyy,a,c--c,xx,x.x,x.x,x.x,x.x,x.x*hh<CR><LF>
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | +--- 11
| | | | | | | | | | | +------ 10
| | | | | | | | | | +---------- 9
| | | | | | | | | +-------------- 8
| | | | | | | | +------------------ 7
| | | | | | | +---------------------- 6
| | | | | | +------------------------- 5
| | | | | +------------------------------ 4
| | | +-------+--------------------------------- 3
| +---+--------------------------------------------- 2
+------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1. UTC of position
2. Latitude, N/S
3. Longitude, E/W
4. Mode indicator
5. Total number of satllite in use,00-99
6. HDOP
7. Antenna altitude, metres, re:mean-sea-level(geoid)
8. Geoidal separation
9. Age of differential data
10. Differential reference station ID
11. Checksum
MTW- Water temperature
$--MTW,x.x,C*hh<CR><LF>
| | |
| | +--------- 2
+--+----------- 1
1. Temperature, degrees C
2. Checksum
A-12
RMB - Recommended minimum navigation information
$--RMB,A,x.x,a,c--c,c--c,llll.lll,a,yyyyy.yyy,a,x.x,x.x,x.x,A,a*hh<CR><LF>
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | +--- 13
| | | | | | | | | | | | | +----- 12
| | | | | | | | | | | | +------- 11
| | | | | | | | | | | +---------- 10
| | | | | | | | | | +-------------- 9
| | | | | | | | | +------------------ 8
| | | | | | | +-----+--------------------- 7
| | | | | +----+--------------------------------- 6
| | | | +--------------------------------------------- 5
| | | +-------------------------------------------------- 4
| | +------------------------------------------------------ 3
| +--------------------------------------------------------- 2
+------------------------------------------------------------ 1
1. Data status: A=data valid, V=navigation receiver warning
2. Cross track error(see note 2) n.miles
3. Direction to steer L/R
4. Origin waypoint ID
5. Destination waypoint ID
6. Destination waypoint latitude,N/S
7. Destination waypoint longitude,E/W
8. Range to destination, n.miles(see note 1)
9. Bearing to destination, degrees true
10. Destination closing velocity, knots
11. Arrival status: A=arrival circle entered or perpendicular passed
12. Mode indicator(see note 3)
13. Checksum
NOTES
1 If range to destination exceeds 999.9 nautical miles, display 999.9.
2 If cross track error exceeds 9.99 nautical miles, display 9.99.
3 Positioning system Mode indicator:
A = Autonomous
D = Differential
S = Simulator
N = Data not valid
The Mode indicator field supplements the Status field. The Status field
shall be set to V=invalid for all values of Operating Mode except for
A=Autonomous and D=Differential. The positioning system Mode indicator
and Status field shall not be null fields.
A-13
RMC- Recommended minimum specific GPS/TRANSIT data
$--RMC,hhmmss.ss,A,llll.lll,a,yyyyy.yyy,a,x.x,x.x,xxxxxx,x.x,a,a*hh<CR><LF>
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | +--- 10
| | | | | | | | | | | +----- 9
| | | | | | | | | +--+------- 8
| | | | | | | | +--------------- 7
| | | | | | | +--------------------- 6
| | | | | | +------------------------- 5
| | | | +---+---------------------------- 4
| | +---+---------------------------------------- 3
| +--------------------------------------------------- 2
+---------------------------------------------------------- 1
1. UTC of position fix
2. Status: A=data valid, V=navigation receiver warning
3. Latitude, N/S
4. Longitude, E/W
5. Speed over ground, knots
6. Course over ground, degrees true
7. Date: dd/mm/yy
8. magnetic variation, degrees E/W
9. Mode indicator(see note)
10. Checksum
NOTE Positioning system Mode indicator:
A = Autonomous
D = Differential
S = Simulator
N = Data not valid
The Mode indicator field supplements the Status field. The Status field
shall be set to V=invalid for all values of Operating Mode except for
A=Autonomous and D=Differential. The positioning system Mode indicator
and Status field shall not be null fields.
RTE - Routes
$--RTE,x.x,x.x,a,c--c,c--c,.....,c--c*hh<CR><LF>
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | +--------- 7
| | | | | +------------ 6
| | | | +----------------------- 5
| | | +---------------------------- 4
| | +-------------------------------- 3
| +----------------------------------- 2
+--------------------------------------- 1
1. Total number of messages being transmitted
2. Message number
3. Message mode:
c=complete route, all waypoints
w=working route, first listed waypoint is "FROM",
second is "TO" and remaining reset of route
4. Route identifier
5. Waypoint identifier
6. Waypoint "n" identifier
7. Checksum
A-14
TLL - Target latitude and longitude
$--TLL,xx,llll.lll,a,yyyyy.yyy,a,c--c,hhmmss.ss,a,a*hh<CR><LF>
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | +--------- 8
| | | | | | | | +----------- 7
| | | | | | | +------------- 6
| | | | | | +-------------------- 5
| | | | | +-------------------------- 4
| | | +-----+------------------------------ 3
| +----+------------------------------------------ 2
+----------------------------------------------------- 1
1. Target number 00 - 99
2. Latitude, N/S
3. Longitude, E/W
4. Target name
5. UTC of data
6. Target status(see note)
7. Reference target=R,null otherwise
8. Checksum
NOTE - Target status
L = lost,tracked target has beenlost
Q = query,target in the process of acquisition
T = tracking
VTG - Course over ground and ground speed
$--VTG,x.x,T,x.x,M,x.x,N,x.x,K,a*hh<CR><LF>
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | +------- 6
| | | | | | | | +--------- 5
| | | | | | +--+----------- 4
| | | | +--+----------------- 3
| | +--+----------------------- 2
+--+----------------------------- 1
1. Course over ground, degrees true
2. Course over ground, degrees magnetic
3. Speed over ground, knots
4. Speed over ground, km/h
5. Mode indicator(see note)
6. Checksum
NOTE Positioning system Mode indicator:
A = Autonomous
D = Differential
S = Simulator
N = Data not valid
The positioning system Mode indicator field shall not be a null field.
A-15
WCV - Waypoint closure velocity
$--WCV,x.x,N,c--c,a*hh<CR><LF>
| | | | | |
| | | | | +------- 4
| | | | +--------- 3
| | +--+----------- 2
+--+---------------- 1
1. Velocity component, knots
2. Waypoint identifier
3. Mode indicator(see note)
4. Checksum
NOTE Positioning system Mode indicator:
A = Autonomous
D = Differential
S = Simulator
N = Data not valid
The positioning system Mode indicator field shall not be a null field.
WNC - Distance, waypoint to waypoint
$--WNC,x.x,N,x.x,K,c--c,c--c*hh<CR><LF>
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | +--- 5
| | | | | +------- 4
| | | | +------------ 3
| | +--+--------------- 2
+--+--------------------- 1
1. Distance, nautcal miles
2. Distance, km
3. To waypoint identifier
4. FROM waypoint identifier
5. CHecksum
WPL - Waypoint location
$--WPL,llll.lll,a,yyyyy.yyy,a,c--c*hh<CR><LF>
| | | | | |
| | | | | +--------- 4
| | | | +------------ 3
| | +-----+---------------- 2
+-----+---------------------------- 1
1. Waypoint latitude, N/S
2. Waypoint longitude, E/W
3. Waypoint identifier
4. Checksum
A-16
XTE - Cross-track error, measured
$--XTE,A,A,x.x,a,N,a*hh<CR><LF>
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | +--------- 7
| | | | | +----------- 6
| | | | +------------- 5
| | | +--------------- 4
| | +------------------ 3
| +--------------------- 2
+----------------------- 1
NOTE Positioning system Mode indicator:
A = Autonomous mode
D = differential mode
S = Simulator mode
N = Data not valid
1. Status: A=data valid
V=LORAN-C blink or SNR warning
V=general warning flag or other navigation systems
when a reliable fix is not available
2. Status: A=data valid
V=LORAN-C cycle lock warning flag
3. Magnitude of cross-track error
4. Direction to steer, L/R
5. Units, nautical miles
6. Mode indicator(see note)
7. Checksum
ZDA - Time and date
$--ZDA,hhmmss.ss,xx,xx,xxxx,xx,xx*hh<CR><LF>
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | +--------- 7
| | | | | +----------- 6
| | | | +-------------- 5
| | | +------------------ 4
| | +---------------------- 3
| +------------------------- 2
+--------------------------------- 1
1. UTC
2. Day, 01 to 31(UTC)
3. Month, 01 to 12(UTC)
4. Year(UTC)
5. Local zone hours, 00h to +-13h
6. Local zone minutes, 00 to +59
as local hours
7. Checksum
ZTG - UTC and time to destination waypoint
$--ZTG,hhmmss.ss,hhmmss.ss,c--c*hh<CR><LF>
| | | |
| | | +--------- 4
| | +------------ 3
| +--------------------- 2
+------------------------------- 1
1. UTC of observation
2. Time-to-go, hh = 00 to 99
3. Destination waypoint ID
4. Checksum
A-17
Time Differences
A-18
Geodetic Chart LIst
001: WGS84
002: WGS72
003: TOKYO
004: NORTH AMERICAN 1927
005: EUROPEAN 1950
006: AUSTRALIAN GEODETIC 1984
007: ADINDAN
008:
009:
010:
011
012: AFG
013: AIN EL ABD 1970
014: ANNA 1 ASTRO 1965
015: ARC 1950
016:
017:
018:
019:
020:
021:
022:
023: ARC 1960
024:
025:
026: ASCENSION IS. 1958
027: ASTRO BEACON “E”
028: ASTRO B4 SOR. ATOLL
029: ASTRO POS 71/4
030: ASTRONOMIC STATION 1952
031: AUSTRALIAN GEODETIC 1966
032: BELLEVUE (IGN)
033: BERMUDA 1957
034: BOGOTA OBSERVATORY
035: GAUPO INCHAUSPE
036: CANTON IS. 1966
047:
048:
049:
050:
051:
052
053:
054:
055:
056:
037: CAPE
038: CAPE CANAVERAL
039: CARTHAGE
040: CHATHAM 1971
041: CHUA ASTRO
042: CORREGO ALEGRE
043: DJAKARTA (BATAVIA)
044: DOS 1968
045: EASTER IS. 1967
046: EUROPEAN 1950 (Cont’d)
057: EUROPEAN 1979
058: GANDAJIKA BASE
059: GEODETIC DATUM 1949
060: GUAM 1963
061: GUX 1 ASTRO
062: HJORSEY 1955
063: HONG KONG 1363
064: INDIAN
065:
066: IRELAND 1965
067: ISTS 073 ASTRO 1969
068: JOHNSTON IS. 1961
069: KANDAWALA
070: KERGUELEN IS.
071: KERTAU 1948
072: LA REUNION
073: L. C. 5 ASTRO
074: LIBERIA 1964
075: LUZON
076:
077: MAHE 1971
078: MARCO ASTRO
079: MASSAWA
080: MERCHICH
081: MIDWAY ASTRO 1961
082: MINNA
083: NAHRWAN
084:
085:
086: NAMIBIA
087: MAPARIMA, BWI
088: NORTH AMERICAN 1927
089:
090:
091:
092:
093:
: Mean Value (Japan, Korea & Okinawa)
: Mean Value (CONUS)
: Mean Value
: Australia & Tasmania
: Mean Value (Ethiopia & Sudan)
: Ethiopia
: Mali
: Senegal
: Sudan
: Somalia
: Bahrain Is.
: Cocos Is.
: Mean Value
: Botswana
: Lesotho
: Malawi
: Swaziland
: Zaire
: Zambia
: Zimbabwe
: Mean Value (Kenya & Tanzania)
: Kenya
: Tanzania
: Ascension Is.
: Iwo Jima Is.
: Tern Is.
: St. Helena Is.
: Marcus Is.
: Australia & Tasmania
: Efate & Erromango Islands
: Bermuda Islands
: Columbia
: Argentina
: Phoenix Islands
: South Africa
: Mean Value (Florida & Bahama Islands)
: Tunisia
: Chatham Is. (New Zealand)
: Paraguay
: Brazil
: Sumatra Is. (Indonesia)
: Gizo Is. (New Georgia Is.)
: Easter Is.
: Western Europe
: Cyprus
: Egypt
: England, Scotland, Channel & Shetland Islands
: England, Ireland, Scotland, & Shetland Islands
: Greece
: Iran
: Italy, Sardinia
: Italy, Sicily
: Norway & Finland
: Portugal & Spain
: Mean Value
: Republic of Maldives
: New Zealand
: Guam Is.
: Guadalcanal Is.
: Iceland
: Hong Kong
: Thailand & Vietnam
: Bangladesh, India & Nepal
: Ireland
: Diego Garcia
: Johnston Is.
: Sri Lanka
: Kerguelen Is.
: West Malaysia & Singapore
: Mascarene Is.
: Cayman Brac Is.
: Liberia
: Philippines (excl. Mindanao Is.)
: Mindanao Is.
: Mahe Is.
: Salvage Islands
: Eritrea (Ethiopia)
: Morocco
: Midway Is.
: Nigeria
: Masirah Is. (0man)
: United Arab Emirates
: Saudi Arabia
: Namibia
: Trinidad & Tobago
: Western United States
: Eastern United States
: Alaska
: Bahamas (excl. San Salvador Is.)
: Bahamas, San Salvador Is.
: Canada (incl. Newfoundland Is.)
094:
095:
096:
097:
098:
099:
100:
101:
102:
103:
104:
105: NORTH AMERICAN 1983
106:
107:
108:
109: OBSERVATORIO 1966
110: OLD EGYPTIAN 1930
111: OLD HAWAIIAN
112:
113:
114:
115:
: Alberta & British Columbia
: East Canada
: Manitoba & Ontario
: Northwest Territories & Saskatchewan
: Yukon
: Canal Zone
: Caribbean
: Central America
: Cuba
: Greenland
: Mexico
: Alaska
: Canada
: CONUS
: Mexico, Central America
: Corvo & Flores Islands (Azores)
: Egypt
: Mean Value
: Hawaii
: Kauai
: Maui
: Oahu
116: OMAN : Oman
117: ORDNANCE SURVEY OF GREAT BRITAIN 1936: Mean Value
118: : England
119:
120:
: England, Isle of Man & Wales
: Scotland, & Shetland Islands
121:
122: PICO DE LAS NIVIES
123: PITCAIRN ASTRO 1967
: Wales
: Canary Islands
: Pitcairn Is.
124: PROVISIONS SOUTH CHILEAN 1963: South Chile (near 53˚ S)
125: PROVISIONAL SOUTH AMERICAN 1956: Mean Value
126:
127:
128:
129:
130:
131:
132:
133:
134: PUERTO RICO
135: QATAR NATIONAL
: Bolivia
: Chile-Northern Chile (near 19˚S)
: Chile-Southern Chile (near 43˚S)
: Columbia
: Ecuador
: Guyana
: Peru
: Venezuela
: Puerto Rico & Virgin Islands
: Qatar
136: QORNOQ
137: ROME 1940
138: SANTA BRAZ
139: SANTO (DOS)
140: SAPPER HILL 1943
141: SOUTH AMERICAN 1969
142:
143:
: South Greenland
: Sardinia Islands
: Sao Maguel, Santa Maria Islands (Azores)
: Espirito Santo Is.
: East Falkland Is.
: Mean Value
: Argentina
: Bolivia
144:
145:
146:
147:
148:
149:
150:
151:
152:
153: SOUTH ASIA
: Brazil
: Chile
: Columbia
: Ecuador
: Guyana
: Paraguay
: Peru
: Trinidad & Tobago
: Venezuela
: Singapore
154: SOUTHEAST BASE
155: SOUTHWEST BASE
156: TIMBALAI 1948
157: TOKYO
158:
159:
160: TRISTAN ASTRO 1968
161: VITI LEVU 1916
162: WAKE-ENIWETOK 1960
163: ZANDERIJ
: Porto Santo & Madeira Islands
: Faial, Graciosa, Pico, Sao Jorge, & Terceira Is.
: Brunei & East Malaysia (Sarawak & Sadah)
: Japan
: Korea
: Okinawa
: Tristan da Cunha
: Viti Levu Is. (Fiji Islands)
: Marshall Islands
: Surinam
164: BUKIT RIMPAH
165: CAMP AREA ASTRO
166: G. SEGARA
167: HERAT NORTH
168: HU-TZU-SHAN
: Bangka & Belitung Islands (Indonesia)
: Camp Mcmurdo Area, Antarctica
: Kalimantan Is. (Indonesia)
: Afghanistan
: Taiwan
169: TANANARIVE OBSERVATORY 1925: Madagascar
170: YACARE : Uruguay
171: RT-90 : Sweden
172: Pulkovo 1942
173: Finish KKJ
: Russia
: Finland
A-19
Loran C Chains
7950
7960
7970
7980
7990
8000
8290
8990
8970
GRI
4990
5930
5970
5990
7170
7930
9610
9940
9960
9970
9980
9990
4991
8940
8930
7270
6731
7001
7499
9007
8830
7030
Chain
Central Pacific
Canadian East Coast
Commando Lion (Korea)
Canadian West Coast
South Saudi Arabia
Labrador Sea
Eastern Russia
Gulf of Alaska
Norwegian Sea
Southeast USA
Mediterranean Sea
Western Russia
North Central USA
North Saudi Arabia
Great Lakes
South Central USA
West Coast USA
Northeast USA
Northeast Pacific (old)
Icelandic
North Pacific
Suez
England, France
Northwest Pacific
Newfoundland East Coast
Lessay
BØ
Sylt
Ejde
Saudia Arabia North
Saudia Arabia South
11 25 40
11 27 40
11 25 39
11 30 55
11 30 --
11 29 43
10 24
12 30
11 30 50
11 25
10 39
11 27
11 26
10 23 38
11 25 39
11 25 37
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
11 29 ----
11 25 38 ---
11 31 42
11 27 41
11 26 39
11 26 --
--
--
52
--
--
--
--
--
11 30 46
11 26 44
11 26 46
11 23 43
11 29 47
10 25 50
11 27 42
11 25 40
11 28 44
61
--
60
59
--
65
--
--
--
56 69
59 --
--
--
--
--
--
52 65
---
54 --
81
--
--
--
---
70
56
55
A-20
Decca Chains
Chain
South Baltic
Vestlandet
Southwest British
Northumbrian
Holland
North British
Lofoten
North Baltic
North West
Trondelag
English
North Bothnian
Southern Spanish
North Scottish
Gulf of Finland
Danish
Irish
Finnmark
French
South Bothnian
Hebridean
Frisian Islands
Helgeland
Skagerrak
North Persian Gulf
South Persian Gulf
Bombay
Calcutta
Bangladesh
Saliyah
Hokkaido 9C
Tohoku 6C
9E
10B
5C
1C
7B
8B
6C
2F
7D
7E
8B
8C
6A
6C
6E
7B
8E
9B
Chain code
0A
3B
3E
3F
4B
0E
1B
2A
2E
4C
4E
5B
5F
28
29
30
31
24
25
26
27
32
33
18
19
20
21
14
15
16
17
22
23
Chain
No.
01
06
07
08
09
02
03
04
05
10
11
12
13
Location
Europe
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Persian Gulf & India
"
Japan
"
Chain no.
34
39
40
41
42
35
36
37
38
43
44
45
46
47
48
Chain
Kanto
Shikoku
Hokuriku
Kita Kyushu
Namaqualand
Cape
Eastern Province
South West Africa
Natal
Dampier
Port Headland
Anticosti
East Newfoundland
Cabot Strait
Nova Scotia
Chain code
8C
6A
8A
9C
10C
4C
2C
7C
4A
8E
4A
9C
2C
6B
7C
Location
Japan
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Southern Africa
Australia
"
Northern America
"
"
"
A-21
Glossary
Almanac
Each GPS satellite broadcasts its own orbital data as well as general orbital data of all other
GPS satellites. This general orbital data is called the Almanac. The GPS receiver receives the Almanac and decodes it to calculate the quantity and elevation angle of satellites in view, to know when it can receive the GPS signal. If there is no Almanac in the receiver it cannot fix its position. The receiver is shipped with no Almanac, thus when it is turned on for the first time it starts receiving the Almanac. Each time the unit is turned on the previous Almanac is erased and the latest received.
Beacon receiver
The DGPS (Differential GPS) station transmits a beacon signal which contains information about GPS error. The device which receives the beacon signal is called a beacon receiver.
Cold start
When the GPS receiver is turned on for the very first time, it starts receiving the Almanac.
This condition is called cold start. In this condition it takes about two minutes to find position. Once the Almanac is stored in the
GPS navigator, it takes only about 20 seconds to find position. (The normal start-up condition is called warm start.)
Destination
A destination can be either a single destination waypoint or a series of waypoints leading to the ultimate destination. When you set a destination, the GPS receiver provides range and bearing data to the destination, to help you steer to the destination along the shortest past possible.
Differential GPS (DGPS)
The differential GPS system, consisting of
DGPS land stations and DPGS beacon receiver-equipped marine vessels, further refines the accuracy of the GPS measured position.
A DGPS land station knows its exact position.
If there is a difference between GPS position and DGPS land station's position this is called
GPS error. The DPGS station transmits GPS error data to a beacon receiver which relays the data to the GPS receiver. The GPS receiver uses this data to refine the accuracy of the GPS position (within about 5 meters under ideal conditions).
DGPS stations are strategically located throughout America (including Hawaii and
Alaska), Europe, Canada, Bermuda and
Brazil.
Estimated time of arrival (ETA)
The time at which you arrive at the ultimate destination.
Geodetic chart
A nautical chart is usually made by either trigonometrical survey or astronomical survey and according to the geodetic chart standards of the country where it is used. The GPS standard chart system is WGS-84.
Thus if you are using a chart different from
WGS-84, there will be error between GPS position and nautical chart position. To get correct position, the GPS receiver must know what chart system you are using, to apply an offset to GPS position.
A-22
GPS measured position
GPS measured latitude and longitude position.
Intermediate waypoint
A waypoint in a route.
Magnetic bearing
Bearing relative to magnetic north, with the compass bearing corrected for deviation.
Magnetic variation offset
The location of the magnetic north pole is different from the geographical north pole.
This causes a difference between the true and magnetic north direction. This difference is called magnetic variation, and varies with respect to the observation point on the earth.
This variation may be entered automatically or manually.
Navigation calculation
The GPS receiver calculates the range, bearing and cross track error to next waypoint when you select a destination. The calculation of that data is called navigation calculation. The calculation itself is done using one of two methods (selectable): Great circle (straight line between two points) or Rhumb line
(straight line between two points on nautical chart).
NMEA 0183
The National Marine Electronics
Association's signal format which enables connection of electronic equipment of different marine electronics manufacturers.
Plotting interval
The plotting interval determines both how the track will be reconstructed on the display and track storage time. The shorter the interval the more accurate the reconstruction of track line, however total storage time is reduced. The plotting interval can be selected to time or distance. Plotting by distance offers the advantage that the track is not stored when the vessel is anchored.
Route
A series of waypoints leading to the ultimate destination.
Route navigation
Following a stored route.
S/A
GPS was developed by the US Department of Defense mainly for use by its marine vessels and aircraft. For civil users the accuracy of the system is purposely downgraded for national security reasons.
This intentional accuracy reduction is called
S/A. Because GPS position error may be greater than 100 meters any GPS position should be double checked against other sources to confirm position.
Skip
This means to bypass a waypoint in a route.
Storage capacity
Storage capacity defines how many points of track and marks a memory can hold. The GP-
80's storage capacity is 2,000 points.
Time-to-go (TTG)
The amount of time necessary to get to a destination, maintaining current speed and course.
Time differences
Time differences (or TDs) are the position information generated by the Loran C and
Decca position-fixing systems. TDs are the time in microseconds between the transmission of pulsed signals in the Loran C and Decca systems.
A-23
Total distance
Total distance is the number of miles from starting point to end point in a route.
Trip distance
The distance run from starting position.
Trip elapsed time
The amount of time passed since departing a starting point.
True bearing
Bearing relative to North; compass bearing corrected for magnetic deviation. The GPS receiver can display true or magnetic bearing.
Velocity to destination
The amount of speed in the direction (course) of the desired destination.
Waypoint
A waypoint is a particular location on a voyage whether it be a starting, intermediate or destination waypoint.
A-24
Glossary
Almanac
Each GPS satellite broadcasts its own orbital data as well as general orbital data of all other
GPS satellites. This general orbital data is called the Almanac. The GPS receiver receives the Almanac and decodes it to calculate the quantity and elevation angle of satellites in view, to know when it can receive the GPS signal. If there is no Almanac in the receiver it cannot fix its position. The receiver is shipped with no Almanac, thus when it is turned on for the first time it starts receiving the Almanac. Each time the unit is turned on the previous Almanac is erased and the latest received.
Beacon receiver
The DGPS (Differential GPS) station transmits a beacon signal which contains information about GPS error. The device which receives the beacon signal is called a beacon receiver.
Cold start
When the GPS receiver is turned on for the very first time, it starts receiving the Almanac.
This condition is called cold start. In this condition it takes about two minutes to find position. Once the Almanac is stored in the
GPS navigator, it takes only about 20 seconds to find position. (The normal start-up condition is called warm start.)
Destination
A destination can be either a single destination waypoint or a series of waypoints leading to the ultimate destination. When you set a destination, the GPS receiver provides range and bearing data to the destination, to help you steer to the destination along the shortest past possible.
Differential GPS (DGPS)
The differential GPS system, consisting of
DGPS land stations and DPGS beacon receiver-equipped marine vessels, further refines the accuracy of the GPS measured position.
A DGPS land station knows its exact position.
If there is a difference between GPS position and DGPS land station's position this is called
GPS error. The DPGS station transmits GPS error data to a beacon receiver which relays the data to the GPS receiver. The GPS receiver uses this data to refine the accuracy of the GPS position (within about 5 meters under ideal conditions).
DGPS stations are strategically located throughout America (including Hawaii and
Alaska), Europe, Canada, Bermuda and
Brazil.
Estimated time of arrival (ETA)
The time at which you arrive at the ultimate destination.
Geodetic chart
A nautical chart is usually made by either trigonometrical survey or astronomical survey and according to the geodetic chart standards of the country where it is used. The GPS standard chart system is WGS-84.
Thus if you are using a chart different from
WGS-84, there will be error between GPS position and nautical chart position. To get correct position, the GPS receiver must know what chart system you are using, to apply an offset to GPS position.
GPS measured position
GPS measured latitude and longitude position.
Intermediate waypoint
A waypoint in a route.
Magnetic bearing
A-25
Bearing relative to magnetic north, with the compass bearing corrected for deviation.
Magnetic variation offset
The location of the magnetic north pole is different from the geographical north pole.
This causes a difference between the true and magnetic north direction. This difference is called magnetic variation, and varies with respect to the observation point on the earth.
This variation may be entered automatically or manually.
Navigation calculation
The GPS receiver calculates the range, bearing and cross track error to next waypoint when you select a destination. The calculation of that data is called navigation calculation. The calculation itself is done using one of two methods (selectable): Great circle (straight line between two points) or Rhumb line
(straight line between two points on nautical chart).
NMEA 0183
The National Marine Electronics
Association's signal format which enables connection of electronic equipment of different marine electronics manufacturers.
Plotting interval
The plotting interval determines both how the track will be reconstructed on the display and track storage time. The shorter the interval the more accurate the reconstruction of track line, however total storage time is reduced. The plotting interval can be selected to time or distance. Plotting by distance offers the advantage that the track is not stored when the vessel is anchored.
Route
A series of waypoints leading to the ultimate destination.
Route navigation
Following a stored route.
S/A
GPS was developed by the US Department of Defense mainly for use by its marine vessels and aircraft. For civil users the accuracy of the system is purposely downgraded for national security reasons.
This intentional accuracy reduction is called
S/A. Because GPS position error may be greater than 100 meters any GPS position should be double checked against other sources to confirm position.
Skip
This means to bypass a waypoint in a route.
Storage capacity
Storage capacity defines how many points of track and marks a memory can hold. The GP-
80's storage capacity is 2,000 points.
Time-to-go (TTG)
The amount of time necessary to get to a destination, maintaining current speed and course.
Time differences
Time differences (or TDs) are the position information generated by the Loran C and
Decca position-fixing systems. TDs are the time in microseconds between the transmission of pulsed signals in the Loran C and Decca systems.
Total distance
Total distance is the number of miles from starting point to end point in a route.
Trip distance
The distance run from starting position.
Trip elapsed time
The amount of time passed since departing a starting point.
A-26
True bearing
Bearing relative to North; compass bearing corrected for magnetic deviation. The GPS receiver can display true or magnetic bearing.
Velocity to destination
The amount of speed in the direction (course) of the desired destination.
Waypoint
A waypoint is a particular location on a voyage whether it be a starting, intermediate or destination waypoint.
A-27
This page is intentionally left blank.
INDEX
A
Anchor watch alarm 7-2
Apportioning the Memory 2-5
Arrival Alarm 7-1
Automatic testing 9-6
B
brilliance 1-3
C
Cancelling Destination 5-5
Centering Cursor Position 2-2
Clearing the Memory 9-1
Cross Track Error Alarm 7-2 contrast 1-3
Course-up 2-1
Connecting Marks 3-2
Course bar tone 8-4
Cursor size 8-5
[CURSOR ON/OFF] 2-1
D
Data display 1-6, 6-1
DATA 1 out setting 8-6
DATA 2 output setting 8-7
DATA 3 output setting 8-7
Deleting Waypoints 4-5
Deleting Route Waypoints 4-6
Deleting Routes 4-7
Decca LOPs 6-2
Demo Display 6-4
Depth Alarm 7-4display mode 1-3
DGPS Settings 8-10
DGPS error 9-2
Display Orientation 2-1
Displaying LOPs 6-2
Disable satellite 8-1
Display test 9-6
E
Editing Waypoints 4-4
Entering marks 3-1 entry of comment 4-2
Entering position 8-3
Enlarging characters 8-5
Erasing Track 2-3
Erasing marks 3-1
Erasing Route Waypoints 5-6
Error Messages 9-2
Event Marks 3-3
Event Mark Shape 3-3 external DGPS receiver 8-11
F
Fix mode 8-1
G
Geodetic datum 8-1
GPS Menu 8-1
GPS smoothing 8-1
GPS Monitor Displays 8-12
GPS error 9-2
Grid tone 8-4
Great Circle 5-7
H
Highway display 1-4
Hold icon 2-3
K
Keyboard test 9-5
L
Loading lighthouse data 8-8
Loran LOPs 6-2
Index
-
1
N
Navigation display 1-5
North-up 2-1
M
Magnetic variation 2-6
Mark Shape 3-2 mark connection line 3-2
Memory and I/O circuits test 9-5
MOB Mark 3-4
P
Plotter 1 display 1-4
Plotter 2 display 1-4
[PLOT ON/OFF]key 2-2
Position offset 8-1
Position-fixing Accuracy 1-2
[POWER]key 1-2
R
receiver indication 1-2
Registering Waypoints 4-1
Registering Routes 4-5
Replacing Route Waypoints 4-7
Rhumb Line 5-7
S
Selecting the Display Mode 1-3
Selecting DGPS station 8-10
Self Tests 9-5Shifting the Display 2-2
Setting Destination 5-1
Setting DATA to NMEA 8-7
Ship's Speed Alarm 7-3
Skipping route waypoint 5-5
Speed average 8-1
Stopping Plotting 2-2
Starting Plotting 2-2
T
Track Plotting Interval 2-4
True bearing 2-6
Trip Alarm 7-3
Turning on the power 1-2
Turning the power off 1-3
Time difference 8-1
Time mark tone 8-4
Index
-
2
U
User-defined display 6-1
Unit distance 8-3
Unit of depth 8-3
Unit of water temperature 8-4
Unit of altitude 8-4
W
Water Temperature Alarm 7-4
Waypoint mark size 8-5
X
XTE alarm 7-2
Z
[ZOOM IN]key 2-1
[ZOOM OUT]key 2-1
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