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Operation Manual
Mopho
Operation Manual
Version 1.0
September 2008
Dave Smith Instruments
1590 Sylvaner Avenue
Saint Helena, CA 94574-2340
USA
©2008 Dave Smith Instruments www.DaveSmithInstruments.com
Tested To Comply
With FCC Standards
FOR OFFICE USE
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference and
(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations.
Cet appareil numerique de la classe B respecte toutes les exigences du Reglement sur le materiel brouilleur du
Canada.
For Technical Support, email: [email protected]
Contents
Quick Start.................................................................................................1
Getting Connected ....................................................................................3
Front Panel Controls .................................................................................5
Basic Operation.........................................................................................9
Global Parameters ..................................................................................13
Program Parameters...............................................................................15
Oscillator Parameters ..........................................................................15
Miscellaneous Oscillator Parameters ..................................................16
Mixer Parameters ................................................................................17
Low-pass Filter Parameters.................................................................17
VCA Parameters..................................................................................18
LFO Parameters ..................................................................................19
Envelope 3 Parameters .......................................................................20
Modulation Parameters .......................................................................21
Push It Switch Parameters ..................................................................22
Clock Parameters ................................................................................23
Arpeggiator Parameters ......................................................................23
Sequence Parameters.........................................................................24
Name Parameter .................................................................................25
Modulation Destinations..........................................................................26
Modulation Sources ................................................................................28
Parameter List.........................................................................................29
MIDI Implementation ...............................................................................30
MIDI Messages....................................................................................30
NRPN Messages .................................................................................33
Global Parameter Data........................................................................34
Program Parameter Data ....................................................................35
Sysex Messages .................................................................................41
Packed Data Format............................................................................44
Hidden Function ......................................................................................44
Quick Start
Thanks for purchasing your Mopho synthesizer! Listen to the sounds, twiddle some knobs, have some fun!
Please Register!
Please go to www.davesmithinstruments.com and register your synth. If you purchased directly from us, there is no need to register — we already have your contact information.
Powering Up
So, plug in the power supply, connect (in stereo!!) to your mixer/sound system, and start playing!
You can use the P
USH
I
T
switch to trigger sounds without a keyboard. If you’re using a MIDI keyboard, try applying keyboard pressure (aftertouch) and the mod wheel. Many sounds are fairly simple at first, then come alive when you use the controllers. With other sounds, you may need to hold the notes a while to let the sound unfold. Playing in different ways has a big effect on the programs.
Selecting and Editing Programs and Global Settings
You can use the increment and decrement (+ and -) switches to step through the programs. Hold them down briefly to increment or decrement the bank. There are 3 banks of 128 programs.
If you want to edit a program, just turn any knob. The new value will be displayed in the bottom line of the LCD (the top line displays the programmed value for handy reference).
After turning knobs, just hit P
ROGRAM
M
ODE
so the LCD goes back to the program/bank screen, allowing you to change programs again.
Press and hold the P
ROGRAM
M
ODE
switch briefly to display the Global menu and change higher level parameters such as MIDI channel number,
Transpose/Detune, and so on. The P
ROGRAM
knob changes the displayed page and increment and decrement change the values. These settings are remembered when the synth is turned off.
Summary
You should be up and running now; for more operation information, read on. Or, just look up specific parameters for detailed notes. Pages 26 through 28 contain a handy reference for mod destinations and sources. At some point you should
1
read through the manual to discover all the little features that you might not notice at first.
Don’t forget you get a free editor for Mac OS or Windows with your purchase.
Download it from www.soundtower.com/mopho.
I should mention that this manual does not include explanations of basic analog synthesizer functions. It assumes you already know what an oscillator is, how a low-pass filter affects the sound, what an ADSR envelope looks like, and so on.
Fortunately, these days it is quite easy to find such resources on the Internet. If you want to learn the lingo and the basics, just try a search in Google (or the search engine of your choice), something like “analog synthesizer tutorial.”
You’ll find plenty of good reading material.
Have fun!
Dave Smith
Special thanks to:
Jeff Koepper, Andrew McGowan, Dave Polich, and Stefan Trippler. Thanks also to the authors of the Prophet ’08 programs, many of which are used in Mopho.
2
Getting Connected
Mopho has several inputs and outputs on its back panel.
Power Input —
Connect the power supply included with your Mopho. The power supply comes with different AC adaptor prongs that allow it to work anywhere in the world. If for whatever reason you need to use a different supply, it must match the specifications printed on the front panel.
Note: The power supply label says “Evolver” on it; we use the same supply for the mono Evolvers and the Prophets.
MIDI In —
To receive MIDI data from another device, connect this to the other device's MIDI Out.
MIDI Out —
To send MIDI data to another device, connect this to the other device's MIDI In. This output can also be configured as a MIDI Thru using the
MIDI Out Select parameter in the Global menu.
Audio In —
Mopho can be used as a signal processor. Audio is routed through the filter and envelopes and, when the signal level is high enough, a gate is generated. Audio can also be used to advance the sequencer when Seq Trigger is set to Audio In.
Note: Though Mopho can process external audio, it does not have a pitch detector, so the oscillators do not track the pitch of the source audio.
Audio Out —
Mopho’s unbalanced, stereo outputs.
Phones —
A 1/4 inch stereo headphone jack.
3
4
Front Panel Controls
Input Gain —
Used to adjust the gain of A
UDIO
I
N
. For more about using
Mopho to process external audio, see page 11. For low-level sources (like guitars), I
NPUT
G
AIN
should be turned up. For line-level sources, it will usually be turned down. Turning it down does not turn it off, it just decreases the gain.
External Input Volume (see Mixer Parameters on page 17) controls the amount of signal that gets mixed into the filter and must be turned up for any audio— external or feedback—to be heard.
Note: The factory programs use a naming convention where “FB” indicates a program is designed to take advantage of the feedback capability. When nothing is plugged into the Audio In jack, the left
Audio Output is normalled to the input. This provides a feedback path that will create some unique, wild sounds. I
NPUT
G
AIN
is not a programmable control, so its position will have an effect on those programs.. For most FB sounds, the I
NPUT
G
AIN
should be set to minimum, and will get out of control (often nicely!) when turned up.
Program —
Use P
ROGRAM
to change and scroll through the programs. Also used to select parameters in Global mode.
Program Mode —
Mopho has three modes of operation: program, edit, and global. When in program mode, the display shows the name, number, and bank of the current program. Editing any of the parameters puts Mopho into edit
5
mode and displays the last parameter edited and its stored and edited values. See
Program Parameters starting on page 15 for more information.
Global mode is accessed by briefly holding down the P
ROGRAM
M
ODE
button.
The Global menu is displayed. Use P
ROGRAM
to change global parameters and the increment and decrement (+ and -) buttons to change the settings. See Global
Parameters on page 13 for more information.
To return to program mode from edit or global mode, simply press P
ROGRAM
M
ODE
.
Write —
Use W
RITE
to save an edited program to any of Mopho’s 384 memory locations. To execute the write operation, press the increment (+) button. To cancel a write, press W
RITE
, decrement (-), or P
ROGRAM
M
ODE
. W
RITE
is also used to execute certain operations in the Global menu.
Note: You can store a program in a different location. After hitting the
W
RITE
button, you can change the destination using the P
ROGRAM
knob, and you can change banks by holding the increment (+) and decrement
(-) buttons. Be careful changing the banks! If you hit the increment button quickly, it saves the program wherever you are at that point. If you want to change banks, just be sure to hold the button for a couple seconds.
Volume —
Controls the volume of the left and right audio outputs and the headphone output.
Increment/Decrement —
The increment and decrement (+ and -) controls are used to step through programs in program mode, to change values in the Global menu, and to confirm or cancel various operations. In edit mode they increase/decrease the parameter value. They are also used to select Mopho’s three program banks. Hold increment briefly to switch to the next highest bank; hold decrement to switch to the next lowest bank.
Assignable Parameters 1-4 —
Any of Mopho’s program parameters can be edited from the front panel using the A
SSIGNABLE
P
ARAMETERS
controls and the assignments for the controls are saved per program, to best suit that program. In other words, the assignments for the controls can be completely different from one program to another.
Assign Parameters —
When the A
SSIGN
P
ARAMETERS
LED is lit, turn any of the A
SSIGNABLE
P
ARAMETERS
controls to select from the list of program parameters. Press A
SSIGN
P
ARAMETERS
again (turn the LED off) to use the
A
SSIGNABLE
P
ARAMETERS
controls to edit the selected parameters. For a description of the parameters, see Program Parameters beginning on page 15.
For a list of the parameters, see page 29.
6
Pitch —
Controls the base frequency of the two oscillators. The relative interval between the two oscillators is maintained, even when the extremes are reached.
Cutoff —
Controls the filter cutoff.
Resonance —
Controls filter resonance.
Note: The filter will only self oscillate when in 4-pole mode. See Low-
pass Filter Parameters on page 17 for more information.
Attack —
Simultaneously adjusts the attack portion of all envelope generators: filter, amplifier, and Envelope 3.
Decay/Release —
Simultaneously adjusts the decay and release portions of all envelope generators: filter, amplifier, and Envelope 3.
Push It! —
The P
USH
I
T
button is a manual trigger to play Mopho. It can trigger a specific note (at a specific velocity) or a gated sequence, latch notes or sequences on and off, and manually step through a sequence. For more information, see Program Parameters, beginning on page 15.
7
Basic Operation
In designing Mopho, the goal was to make a great sounding analog mono synth that was also affordable. Toward that end, we wanted to give players enough control over parameters to make it useful for performance, so we came up with a combination of “hard-wired” commonly used controls and user-assignable controls. Any of Mopho’s parameters can be edited in real time from the front panel controls. But we also recognize that may not be the quickest or easiest way to program sounds from scratch. A free editor is available for Mac OS and
Windows that gives you access to all of Mopho’s program parameters simultaneously. Download it here: www.soundtower.com/mopho. Also, an advanced version of the editor with more features can be purchased from our
Web site.
Note: Most of the Prophet ’08’s controls map directly to Mopho’s controls, so if you have a Prophet ’08, you can use it as a MIDI control surface for Mopho.
When Mopho first powers up, it is in Program mode. The top line of the LCD shows the Program (1…128) and Bank (1…3) number of the currently selected program, and the bottom line shows the 16-character name of the program. The
P
ROGRAM
knob changes the program. The program can also be changed by pressing the increment (+) or decrement (—) switches, respectively. To increment to the next bank, hold the increment switch briefly; to decrement to the previous bank, hold the decrement switch.
To edit a program, simply turn any knob. The A
SSIGNABLE
P
ARAMETERS
knobs have been preset to useful parameters for the factory programs. To change a knob’s assignment, press A
SSIGN
P
ARAMETERS
to light the LED. Turning any of the A
SSIGNABLE
P
ARAMETERS
knobs now will scroll through the list of available parameters. Choose one or more parameters to edit and then press A
SSIGN
P
ARAMETERS
again to exit the assignment mode (A
SSIGN
P
ARAMETERS
LED should now be off). See Program Parameters on page 15 for a detailed list of all parameters and their functions. After editing parameters, press the P
ROGRAM
M
ODE
switch to exit edit mode and return to program mode.
Feedback
As you can see from the illustration on the following page, the left Audio Output is normalled to the Audio In. (This connection is broken when a plug is inserted in the Audio In.) Turning up the external input volume (ExtIn Vol parameter) will cause varying amounts of the audio output to be mixed back in pre-filter.
For most purposes, small amounts of feedback are most useful and the resulting effect is similar to an overdrive distortion. Higher levels of feedback can get very squirrelly and rude (which may be exactly the effect you’re looking for).
9
10
I
NPUT
G
AIN
also affects the level of the feedback signal, so you’ll typically want to start with I
NPUT
G
AIN
turned down.
Several of the factory programs already have some level of feedback programmed in, as indicated by the letters “FB” following the name. To hear the effect of ExtIn Vol and I
NPUT
G
AIN
, call up one of those programs and vary those parameters.
Audio In
Audio In can also be used to process an external audio source, to get access to the analog filter as a sound processor. In general, when using a line-level input, you will want the I
NPUT
G
AIN
control set to minimum. When using a low-level source, such as an electric guitar, you’ll need to turn up the I
NPUT
G
AIN
to get sufficient signal level.
When processing external audio, you will first need to turn up the ExtIn Vol level in the Mixer. Otherwise no signal gets to the filter. Also note that the VCA needs to be open to hear the input. This can be done a number of ways:
1. Just turn up the VCA Level if you want the signal to go through continuously
2. Manually trigger the VCA envelope with the P
USH
I
T button or a MIDI keyboard
3. Select AudioIn as the mode in the PushItSw parameter, which automatically gates the VCA envelope with an input signal greater than a fixed threshold
There are also numerous other ways of opening the VCA using modulation.
Saving a Program
To save a Program, press the W
RITE
switch and the following screen appears:
Write? P:xxx B:x
Hit: Inc if Yes
Press the increment (+) switch to save the current program, or decrement (-) to cancel (or press the W
RITE
switch again). To store in a different location, use
P
ROGRAM to select a new destination, and hold the increment or decrement switch to choose a different bank.
11
Global Parameters
Mopho’s Global parameters affect all programs globally. Examples include
MIDI channel and fine tune. To edit the Global parameters, hold down the
P
ROGRAM
M
ODE
switch until Global Parameter is displayed. The P
ROGRAM knob changes the global parameter and the increment and decrement buttons change the value.
Transpose: -12…+12 —
Master Transpose control, 0 is centered. Steps in semitones.
Fine Tune: -50…+50 —
Master Fine Tune control; 0 centered. Steps in cents (50 cents = 1/2 semitone).
MIDI Channel: ALL, 1…16 —
Selects which MIDI channel to send and receive data, 1 to 16. All receives on all 16 channels.
Clock: see table —
Selects the MIDI clock status.
Display MIDI Clock Setting
Internal
MIDI clock is neither sent nor received
MIDI Out
MIDI clock is sent
MIDI In
MIDI clock is received
MidiIn/Out
MIDI clock is received and transmitted
MIDI Parameter Send: NRPN, CC, Off —
Changes to the values of Mopho’s front panel controls are transmitted via MIDI as Non-registered Parameter
Number (NRPN) controllers or as Continuous Controllers (CC). Transmission of parameters can also be turned off. See MIDI Implementation on page 30 for details.
Note: NRPNs are the preferred method of parameter transmission, since they cover the complete range of all parameters, while CCs only handle the main parameters.
MIDI Parameter Receive: All, NRPN, CC, Off —
Sets the method by which
Mopho receives parameter changes via MIDI. As with transmission, NRPNs are the preferred method, though some controllers may only be able to send CCs.
MIDI Control: Off, On —
When On, the synth will respond to MIDI controllers, including Pitch Wheel, Mod Wheel, Pedal, Breath, Volume, and Expression.
MIDI SysEx: Off, On —
When On, the synth will respond to received MIDI
SysEx messages, and will transmit them, when prompted, to the MIDI Out. See
Sysex Messages on page 41 for details.
13
Audio Out: Stereo, Mono —
Mopho defaults to stereo operation. When set to
Mono, this parameter defeats all pan settings and modulation, effectively making each of the outputs a mono output.
MIDI Out Select: Out, Thru —
MIDI Out can be switched to MIDI Thru to daisychain multiple MIDI devices.
Basic Patch —
Press the W
RITE
button to load a basic patch into the edit buffer.
(The patch will not actually be written to the current program location unless intentionally written to memory in program mode using the W
RITE
button.)
Reset Globals —
Mopho does not have a full hardware reset, but select this parameter and press W
RITE
to reset the global parameters to their factory defaults.
MIDI SysEx Dump: see table —
Allows dumping of Programs in SysEx format via MIDI.
Display MIDI Transmit Operation
Current Program
Dump current program
Current Bank
Dump all 128 programs in current bank
All Banks
Dump all programs in all 3 banks
Press the W
RITE
switch to start transmission. This feature is handy for saving
Programs on a computer in SysEx format, or for sending them to another Mopho via a direct MIDI connection. The dumps include Program and Bank numbers, so when received, the programs will be stored in the same location.
14
Program Parameters
All Program parameters can be edited using any of A
SSIGNABLE
P
ARAMETERS controls. To assign a parameter to a control, press the A
SSIGN
P
ARAMETERS button to light the LED, and then turn any of the knobs (1 through 4) to select a parameter. A full list of the parameters can be found on page 29. The selected parameter and value appear in the LCD display. The top line of the LCD displays the programmed value for reference; the bottom line displays the edited value.
To then change the value of the parameter you selected, hit the A
SSIGN
P
ARAMETERS button again, and the same knob will now change the value. You can also use the increment and decrement switches to adjust parameter values.
Press both switches at the same time to set the parameter to zero.
Note: Once you are done editing a program, before you save it, you should consider what parameters you want to access when playing the new program. Generally, when making a program, we try to assign each of the 4 knobs to a different parameter that makes sense for that particular program, providing extra live control.
Though it is certainly possible to perform detailed program generation and editing using these controls, it is usually much faster to use the free editor available for Mac OS or Windows. The minimal front panel of the Mopho is designed for fast, real-time changes in live performance.
Following are descriptions of each Mopho Program parameter.
Oscillator Parameters
Mopho has two analog oscillators. The basic controls for each oscillator are the same.
Note: There are additional modulation controls that can affect the pitch of Oscillators 1 and 2. These are covered in other sections of the
Parameter definitions.
Osc Freq: C 0…C 10 —
Sets the base oscillator frequency over a 10 octave range, from 8 Hz to 8KHz, stepping in semitones. C3 is middle C, the first octave is 0 (C0, C#0, etc.), the second octave is 1 (C1, C#1, etc.), and so on.
Fine Freq: -50…+50 —
Fine Tune control; 0 centered. Steps in cents (50 cents =
1/2 semitone).
Shape: see table —
Selects the oscillator waveshape as follows:
15
Display
Osc Off
Waveshape
No output
Sawtooth
Sawtooth
Triangle
Triangle
Saw-Tri
Sawtooth — Triangle mix
Pulse xx
Pulse Wave, with pulse width ranging from minimum
(0) to maximum (99). The pulse width will turn off at the two extremes — this allows some interesting modulation possibilities. A square wave will be at Pulse
50.
Glide: 0…127 —
Sets the oscillator glide (portamento) rate. Glide can be set independently for each oscillator. Low values are faster.
Note: See “Glide Mode” in Miscellaneous Oscillator Parameters on page 22 for additional Glide settings.
Keyboard: On, Off —
Turns keyboard tracking for the oscillator on and off.
Sub Osc 1: 1...127 —
Sub-oscillator 1 generates a square wave pitched one octave below oscillator 1. This parameter controls the level.
Sub Osc 2: 1...127 —
Sub-oscillator 2 generates a square wave pitched two octaves below oscillator 2. This parameter controls the level.
Miscellaneous Oscillator Parameters
Sync 2-> 1: Off, On —
Turns oscillator hard sync on. With sync on, whenever oscillator 2 resets, it will force oscillator 1 to reset for the classic hard sync sound.
Glide Mode: see table —
Sets the way the oscillators respond to Glide settings.
Display
FixRate
FixRate A
FixTime
FixTime A
Glide mode
The Glide rate is fixed. The time to transition from one note to another varies depending upon the interval between the notes.
The same, but Glide is only applied when played legato; that is, when a new note is hit while another note is still held.
The Glide time is fixed. The time to transition from one note to another is the same, regardless of the interval.
The same, but Glide only is applied when played legato; that is, when a new note is hit while another note is still held.
16
Osc Slop: 0…5 —
The amount of random oscillator frequency slop. The analog oscillators in Mopho are very accurate, and will not drift. This works great for accurate sounds, and allows precise de-tuning. The Oscillator Slop parameter allows subtle amounts of frequency drift. For larger amounts, use a random LFO or white noise mod.
Pitch Wheel Range: 0…12 —
Sets the bend range, in semitones, of the pitch wheel. The setting is the range in the positive or negative direction. For example, a setting of 7 lets you bend a note up or down by a fifth.
Key Assign: see table —
Determines how Mopho responds to keyed notes.
Display
Low Note
LowRetrig
HighNote
HighRetrg
LastNote
LastRetrg
Mixer Parameters
Key mode
Low note priority
Low note priority, re-trigger envelopes
High note priority
High note priority, re-trigger envelopes
Last note hit priority
Last note hit priority, re-trigger envelopes
Osc Mix: 0...127 —
Enables the outputs of Oscillators 1 and 2 to be mixed in varying amounts. A setting of 0 is equivalent to 100% Oscillator 1 and 0%
Oscillator 2. A setting of 127 is just the opposite. A setting of 64 is essentially a
50-50 mix of both oscillators.
Noise Level: 0…127 —
Controls the volume of white noise mixed into the filter.
Ext In Volume: 0...127 —
Controls the level of external audio input mixed into the filter. This is used for processing other audio sources (guitars, recordings, etc.) through Mopho’s analog electronics. This works in conjunction with the front panel’s I
NPUT
G
AIN control.
Also, since the left channel of A
UDIO
O
UT
is normalled to A
UDIO
I
N
, this control sets the amount of Mopho’s audio output returned to the audio input. Use this for crazy feedback sounds.
Low-pass Filter Parameters
Mopho utilizes a switchable, 2- or 4-pole analog low-pass filter coupled with a
4-stage (plus delay) ADSR envelope generator.
Frequency: 0…164 —
Sets the base filter cutoff frequency over more than 13 octaves. This control steps in semitones.
17
Resonance: 0…127 —
Sets the Resonance level of the filter. At high settings the filter will self-oscillate in 4-pole mode. If the filter does not oscillate, switch to 4-pole mode.
Keyboard Amount: 0…127 —
Sets the amount of keyboard (MIDI note) to the filter cutoff. A setting of 64 will step the filter one semitone for each note, 32 would be half-semitones, and so on.
Audio Mod: 0...127 —
Controls the amount of audio from Oscillator 1 used to modulate the filter cutoff frequency. For filter-only audio, set O
SCILLATOR
M
IX to 127, O
SCILLATOR
2 S
HAPE
to Off, and O
SCILLATOR
1 S
HAPE to the desired waveshape. This is useful for bell-like FM sounds. A wide range of sounds can also be made using A
UDIO
M
OD
with the oscillators routed normally through the filter.
Config: 2 Pole, 4 Pole —
Selects either 2- or 4-pole operation for the filter.
Envelope Amount: -127…+127 —
Sets the amount of filter envelope routed to the cutoff frequency. This can be positive or negative, allowing inverted envelope control of the filter.
Envelope Velocity: 0…127 —
Amount of key velocity controlling the level of the filter envelope.
Delay: 0...127 —
Sets a delay between the time the filter envelope is triggered and when the Attack portion actually begins.
Attack: 0…127 —
Sets the Attack time of the filter ADSR envelope generator.
Decay: 0…127 —
Sets the Decay time.
Sustain: 0…127 —
Sets the Sustain level.
Release: 0…127 —
Sets the Release time.
VCA Parameters
VCA Level: 0…127 —
Sets a base level for the VCA (Voltage Controlled
Amplifier). This allows the VCA to be essentially bypassed, which is necessary for Programs that drone.
Note: If VCA L
EVEL
is on full, Envelope Amount has no effect. You normally want VCA L
EVEL
set to zero. For droning sounds, or using the
Mopho to process external audio, you will probably turn the VCA Level up.
18
Env Amount: 0…127 —
Sets the amount of VCA envelope to the VCA level.
Env Velocity: 0…127 —
Sets the amount of keyboard velocity controlling the level of the VCA envelope.
Delay: 0...127 —
Sets a delay between the time the amplifier envelope is triggered and when the Attack portion actually begins.
Attack: 0…127 —
Sets the Attack time of the VCA ADSR envelope generator.
Decay: 0…127 —
Sets the Decay time.
Sustain: 0…127 —
Sets the Sustain level.
Release: 0…127 —
Sets the Release time.
Program Volume: 0…127 —
Sets the volume of the current program to match volumes between programs.
Note:
There is enough gain in the synth voice that with some settings, some mild clipping distortion may be heard. If this happens, try lowering the V
OICE
V
OLUME
, and/or the VCA E
NVELOPE
A
MOUNT
(or VCA
V
ELOCITY
A
MOUNT
).
LFO Parameters
Mopho has four Low Frequency Oscillators (LFOs). The same parameters are available for each.
Frequency: 0…150, sync —
Sets the LFO frequency. Range 0—150 for unsynced LFO; speed ranges from slow (30 seconds) to very fast — at 90 (8 HZ,
C-2) and above the speed steps in semitones, up to 150 (261 Hz, middle C).
Note: Some of the analog functions may not respond well to the fastest
LFO speeds, due to speed limitations of the control voltages; but they will certainly generate some interesting sounds.
Above 150, the sync speeds are as follows:
Display
16 Steps
Timing Sync
32 Steps
Sequence speed divided by 32; i.e. one LFO cycle takes 32 steps
Sequence speed divided by 16
8 Steps
Sequence speed divided by 8
6 Steps
Sequence speed divided by 6
4 Steps
Sequence speed divided by 4
19
3 Steps
Sequence speed divided by 3
2 Steps
Sequence speed divided by 2
1.5 Step
Sequence speed divided by 1.5
1 Step
One cycle per step
2/3 Step
Two cycles every three steps
1/2 Step
Two cycles per step
1/3 Step
One cycles every three steps
1/4 Step
Four cycles per step
1/6 Step
Six cycles per step
1/8 Step
Eight cycles per step
1/16Step
Sixteen cycles per step
Shape: see table —
Selects the LFO waveshape:
Display
Triangle
LFO Shape
Triangle
Rev Saw
Reverse Sawtooth
Sawtooth
Sawtooth
Square
Square Wave
Random
Random — changes once per cycle for sample-and-hold effects
Amount: 0…100 —
Sets the amount of LFO routed to the destination.
Key Sync: Off, On —
When on, the LFO is re-started each time a new note is played. Key Sync is set independently on each LFO.
Destination —
See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.
Envelope 3 Parameters
Envelope 3 is an auxiliary envelope for modulating various destinations. It can even be used as a sort of LFO using the Repeat parameter, which is unique to
Envelope 3.
Destination —
Sets the Envelope 3 destination. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.
Amount: -127…+127 —
Sets the amount of Envelope 3.
Env Velocity: 0…127 —
Sets the amount of key velocity controlling the level of envelope 3.
20
Env Delay: 0…127 —
Sets a delay between the time Envelope 3 is triggered and when the Attack portion actually begins.
Env Attack: 0…127 —
Sets the Attack time of Envelope 3.
Env Decay: 0…127 —
Sets the Decay time.
Env Sustain: 0…127 —
Sets the Sustain level.
Env Release: 0…127 —
Sets the Release time.
Repeat: Off, On —
When on, causes the decay, attack, and release portions of
Envelope 3 to loop for as long as the envelope is gated on.
Modulation Parameters
The Modulation Parameters let you configure the modulation routing and amount for Mopho’s four general-purpose modulation slots as well as for MIDI controllers (Mod Wheel, Key Pressure, Breath Control, Velocity, and Foot
Controller).
Since each Mopho mod source has a single destination, the four general purpose
Mods provide a way to send a mod source (such as a sequence or LFO) to additional destinations, with a different amount. There are also additional mod sources available here, such as Noise, allowing a wide variety of possibilities.
To configure a general-purpose modulation slot, select the appropriate modulator (Mod 1, Mod 2, Mod 3, or Mod 4), and use the Source, Destination, and Amount parameters to route the modulation as desired.
To configure modulation for a standard MIDI controller, select the desired controller and amount, and then set the destination.
Source —
Selects a modulation source. See Modulation Sources on page 28 for possible sources.
Amount: -127…+127 —
Sets the amount of modulation.
Destination —
Selects a modulation destination. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.
Mod Wheel Amount: -127…+127 —
Sets the maximum amount of modulation that can be applied from MIDI Continuous Controller 1 (mod wheel).
21
Mod Wheel Destination —
Selects the destination to which the mod wheel is routed. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.
Press Amount: -127…+127 —
Sets the maximum amount of modulation that can be applied from MIDI Channel Pressure (aftertouch).
Press Destination —
Selects the destination to which the Channel Pressure is routed. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.
Breath Amount: -127…+127 —
Sets the maximum amount of modulation that can be applied from MIDI Continuous Controller 2 (breath controller).
Breath Destination —
Selects the destination to which the breath control is routed. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.
Veloc Amount: -127…+127 —
Sets the maximum amount of modulation that can be applied from MIDI note-on velocity.
Veloc Destination —
Selects the destination to which the note-on velocity is routed. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.
Foot Amount: -127…+127 —
Sets the maximum amount of modulation that can be applied from MIDI Continuous Controller 4 (foot controller).
Foot Destination —
Selects the destination to which the foot control is routed.
See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.
Push It Switch Parameters
These parameters determine the behavior of the P
USH
I
T
switch, Mopho’s manual trigger.
Note: C0…C10 —
Sets the note that plays when P
USH
I
T
is pressed.
Velocity: 0…127 —
Sets the MIDI note-on velocity.
Mode: Normal, Toggle, Audio In —
When set to Normal, P
USH
I
T
responds like a key: press it and a note plays, release it and the note ends. But when set to
Toggle, P
USH
I
T
turns the note on with one press and off with a second press.
This is handy for making a note drone or for latching a gated sequence on.
22
Somewhat realated, the Audio In setting will generate a gate from the Audio
Input. When the signal gets above a certain level, the gate will go on. When it drops below that level, the gate will go off.
Clock Parameters
The sequencer and arpeggiator share the BPM and C
LOCK
D
IVIDE settings.
BPM: 30…250 —
Sets the programmed tempo for the sequencer in BPM (beats per minute).
Clock Divide: see table —
Sets the note value for each sequence step relative to the BPM.
Display
Half
Quartr
Eighth
8 half
8swing
Tempo
BPM/2
BPM
BPM x 2
BPM x 2
8 trip
16th
16half
16swng
16trip
BPM x 2
BPM x 3
BPM x 4
BPM x 4
BPM x 4
32nd
32trip
64trip
BPM x 6
BPM x 8
BPM x 12
BPM x 24
Arpeggiator Parameters
Timing Division
Half note
Quarter note
Eighth note
Eighth note, half swing timing
Eighth note, full swing timing
Eighth note triplets
Sixteenth note
Sixteenth note, half swing timing
Sixteenth note, full swing timing
Sixteenth note triplets
Thirty-second note
Thirty-second note triplets
Sixty-fourth note triplets
Mopho’s arpeggiator has four different operating modes and can be synced to a
MIDI clock source.
Note: If the arpeggiator does not seem to be working, check the G
LOBAL parameters to make sure Clock is set to Internal. If Clock is set to use an external clock source, Mopho must be receiving MIDI clock messages in order for the arpeggiator to run.
The tempo and note value are determined by the Clock Parameters.
Mode: see table —
Sets the order in which the arpeggiator plays notes.
23
Display Arpeggiator mode
Up
Down
Up Down
Arpeggiated notes play in ascending order.
Arpeggiated notes play in descending order.
Arpeggiated notes play in alternately ascending and descending order.
Assign
Arpeggiated notes play in the order in which they were struck.
On/Off: Off, On —
Turns the arpeggiator on and off. Turning it on will turn off the Sequencer if it is on.
Sequence Parameters
Mopho features a 4 x 16 “analog-style” step sequencer that can generate four separate sequence tracks of up to 16 steps each. Individual sequencer tracks can be routed to any standard modulation destination (see the table on page 26).
Using VCA Envelope as a destination, for example, varies the volume of each step; a destination of Filter or Filter Envelope Amount will produce different filter settings per step. Typically, however, at least one sequence is routed to an oscillator to control pitch.
The sequencer is a “gated” sequencer. That is, a note must be played, either from the P
USH
I
T
switch or via MIDI, in order for the sequence to be heard and it will continue to play as long as the note is held (gated) .
Note: The P
USH
I
T
switch’s Toggle parameter enables notes (and, therefore, sequences) to be latched on for sustained playback.
The Clock Parameters determine the note value/tempo of the sequencer. The actual gate duration for each step is fixed at half the step time. Use the envelopes to generate notes of longer or shorter duration.
One very useful way to modulate a parameter in sync with a sequence is using
LFOs with sync; LFO frequency runs from 0 to 150, after which you can select the sync settings. A setting of 16 Steps for LFO Frequency with a Triangle wave selected and routed to the filter will provide a clean filter sweep over a 16 step sequence, perfectly in sync! This is much easier (and smoother) than programming a filter sweep using sequence steps.
Note: If the sequencer does not seem to be working, check the G
LOBAL settings to make sure Clock is set to Internal. If Clock is set to use an external clock source, Mopho must be receiving MIDI clock messages in order for the sequencer to run.
24
Seq Trigger: see table —
Sets the triggering mode for the Gated Sequencer.
Display Trigger mode
Normal
No Reset
No Gate
NoGateNR
Key Step
Sequence plays from the first step when a key is held, and resets to step 1 each time a new note is played. Each sequence step retriggers the envelopes.
The same, but does not reset to step 1 on every note.
The keyboard triggers the envelopes; the sequence steps do not.
Same, but does not reset with subsequent notes.
Striking a key advances the sequencer one step.
Audio In
Steps the sequencer whenever the external audio input gets over a certain level.
On/Off: Off, On —
Turns the sequencer on and off.
Seq 1, 2, 3, or 4 Destinations —
Sets the destination for each of the four sequence tracks. For a complete list, see Modulation Destinations on page 26.
Seq 1, 2, 3, or 4 Steps: C0…D5+ or 0…125, Reset, Rest —
Sets each step value for each of the four sequence tracks. The values are displayed as both relative note values and as simple numerical values. Note values are displayed in quarter tones with a plus sign (+) indicating that the pitch is a quarter tone higher than the displayed note number. The two highest values are Reset and Rest. Reset causes the sequence to reset to the first step, enabling sequences of fewer than
16 steps or even sequences in which the tracks are different lengths. Rest inserts a rest on the selected step.
Name Parameter
Edit Name —
The lower LCD line displays the name of the Program with the active character blinking. When A
SSIGN
P
ARAMETERS
is lit, the parameter control changes the position of the active character. When A
SSIGN
P
ARAMETERS is not lit, the parameter control steps through all the available characters for the active character. The increment and decrement buttons also change the character.
25
Modulation Destinations
Display Destination
Off
No destination selected
Osc 1 Freq
Oscillator 1 Frequency
Osc 2 Freq
Oscillator 2 Frequency
OscAllFreq
Oscillator 1 and 2 Frequency
Osc Mix
Oscillator Mix
NoiseLevel
Noise Level
Osc1 PulsW
Oscillator 1 Pulse Width
Osc2 PulsW
Oscillator 2 Pulse Width
Osc All PW
All Oscillators Pulse Width
Low Pass
Lowpass Filter Frequency
Resonance
Resonance
Audio Mod
Audio Mod Amount
UCA Level
VCA Amount
LFO 1 Freq
LFO 1 Frequency
LFO 2 Freq
LFO 2 Frequency
LFO 3 Freq
LFO 3 Frequency
LFO 4 Freq
LFO 4 Frequency
LFOAllFreq
All LFO Frequencies
LFO 1 Amt
LFO 2 Amt
LFO 1 Amount
LFO 2 Amount
LFO 3 Amt
LFO 4 Amt
LFO 3 Amount
LFO 4 Amount
LFOAll Amt
All LFO Amounts
Env 1 Amt
Env 2 Amt
Envelope 1 Amount (Level)
Envelope 2 Amount (Level)
Env 3 Amt
Envelope 3 Amount (Level)
EnvAll Amt
All Envelope Amounts (Levels)
Env1Attack
Envelope 1 Attack Rate
Env2Attack
Envelope 2 Attack Rate
Env3Attack
Envelope 3 Attack Rate
EnvAll Att
All Envelope Attack Rates
Env1 Decay
Envelope 1 Decay Rate
Env2 Decay
Envelope 2 Decay Rate
Env3 Decay
Envelope 3 Decay Rate
EnvAll Dec
All Envelope Decay Rates
Env1Releas
Envelope 1 Release Rate
Env2Releas
Envelope 2 Release Rate
Env3Releas
Envelope 3 Release Rate
26
EnvAll Rel
All Envelope Release Rates
Mod 1 Amt
Modulator 1 Amount
Mod 2 Amt
Mod 3 Amt
Modulator 2 Amount
Modulator 3 Amount
Mod 4 Amt
Modulator 4 Amount
AudioInVol
Mixer Audio In Volume
Sub Osc 1
Sub Oscillator 1 Level
Sub Osc 2
Sub Oscillator 2 Level
27
Modulation Sources
Display Source
Off
No source selected
Sequence1 Sequence 1
Sequence2 Sequence 2
Sequence3 Sequence 3
Sequence4 Sequence 4
LFO 1
LFO 1
LFO 2
LFO 3
LFO 2
LFO 3
LFO 4
LFO 4
Filt Env1
Filter Envelope
VCA Env 2
Amp (VCA) Envelope
Envelope3 Envelope 3
PitchBend Pitch Bend
Mod Wheel
Mod Wheel
Pressure
Pressure (Aftertouch)
MidBreath MIDI — Breath Controller
Midi Foot
MIDI — Foot Controller
Midi Exp
MIDI — Expression
Velocity
Keyboard Note Velocity
KeyNumber Keyboard Note Number
Noise
Noise
EnvFollow Audio In Envelope Follower
Peak Hold
Audio In Peak Hold
28
Parameter List
Osc 1 Frequency
Osc 1 Fine Freq
Oscillator 1 Shape
Oscillator 1 Glide
Osc 1 Key Track
Sub Osc 1 Level
Osc 2 Frequency
Osc 2 Fine Freq
Oscillator 2 Shape
Oscillator 2 Glide
Osc 2 Key Track
Sub Osc 2 Level
Osc Hard Sync
Oscillator Mix
Noise Level
Ext In Volume
Glide Mode
Oscillator Slop
Pitch Wheel Range
Key Assign
Filter Audio Mod
Filter Mode
Filter Env Amount
Filter Env Velocity
Filter Env Delay
Filter Env Attack
Filter Env Decay
Filter Env Sustain
Filter Env Release
VCA Env Amount
VCA Env Velocity
VCA Env Delay
VCA Env Attack
VCA Env Decay
VCA Env Sustain
VCA Env Release
Program Volume
LFO 1 Frequency
LFO 1 Shape
LFO 1 Amount
LFO 1 Destination
LFO 1 Key Sync
LFO 2 Frequency
LFO 2 Shape
LFO 2 Amount
LFO 2 Destination
LFO 2 Key Sync
LFO 3 Frequency
LFO 3 Shape
LFO 3 Amount
LFO 3 Destination
LFO 3 Key Sync
LFO 4 Frequency
LFO 4 Shape
LFO 4 Amount
LFO 4 Destination
LFO 4 Key Sync
Env 3 Desination
Envelope 3 Amount
Envelope 3 Velocity
Envelope 3 Delay
Envelope 3 Attack
Envelope 3 Decay
Envelope 3 Sustain
Envelope 3 Sustain
Envelope 3 Repeat
Mod 1 Source
Mod 1 Amount
Mod 1 Destination
Mod 2 Source
Mod 2 Amount
Mod 2 Destination
Mod 3 Source
Mod 3 Amount
Mod 3 Destination
Mod 4 Source
Mod 4 Amount
Mod 4 Destination
Mod Wheel Amount
Mod Wheel Dest
Pressure Amount
Pressure Destination
Breath Amount
Breath Destination
Velocity Amount
Velocity Destination
Foot Control Amt
Foot Control Dest
Push It Note
Push It Velocity
Push It Mode
Clock BPM
Clock Divide
Arpeggiator Mode
Arpeggiator On/Off
Sequence Trigger
Sequencer On/Off
Seq 1 Destination
Seq 2 Destination
Seq 3 Destination
Seq 4 Destination
Seq 1 Steps 1 - 16
Seq 2 Steps 1 - 16
Seq 3 Steps 1 - 16
Seq 4 Steps 1 - 16
Edit Name
29
MIDI Implementation
Mopho receives MIDI data according to the mode controls under G
LOBAL
. In addition, there is interaction between some of the Program parameters that determine the overall response of Mopho to MIDI data.
Following are the Global parameters that affect response to MIDI:
MIDI Channel: ALL, 1…16 —
Selects the MIDI channel to send and receive data, 1 to 16. All receives on any channel.
Clock: see table —
Selects the MIDI clock status as follows:
Display MIDI Clock Setting
Internal
MIDI clock is neither sent nor received
MIDI Out
MIDI clock is sent
MIDI In
MIDI clock is received
MIDIn/Out MIDI clock is received and transmitted
MIDI Parameter Send: NRPN, CC, Off —
Changes to the values of Mopho’s front panel controls are transmitted via MIDI as Non-registered Parameter
Number (NRPN) controllers or as Continuous Controllers (CC). Transmission of parameters can also be turned off.
MIDI Parameter Receive: All, NRPN, CC, Off —
Sets the method by which
Mopho receives parameter changes via MIDI. As with transmission, NRPNs are the preferred method, though some controllers may only be able to send CCs.
MIDI Control: Off, On —
When On, the synth will respond to MIDI controllers, including Pitch Wheel, Mod Wheel, Pedal, Breath, Volume, and Expression.
MIDI SysEx: Off, On —
When On, the synth will respond to received MIDI
SysEx messages, and will transmit them, when prompted, to the MIDI Out.
MIDI Messages
System Real-time Messages
Status Description
1111 1000 MIDI Timing Clock
30
Received Channel Messages
Status Second Third Description
1000 nnnn 0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv Note Off. Velocity is ignored
1001 nnnn 0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv Note On. Note off if vvvvvvv = 0
1010 nnnn 0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv Polyphonic Key Pressure
1011 nnnn 0vvvvvvv 0vvvvvvv Control Change; see “Received Controller
Messages” table following
1100 nnnn 0ppppppp Program change, 0 — 127 for Programs 1 —
128 within current Bank
1101 nnnn 0vvvvvvv Channel Pressure
1110 nnnn 0vvvvvvv 0vvvvvvv Pitch Bend LS Byte then MS Byte
Notes: 0kkkkkkk nnnn
Note number 0 — 127
Channel number 0 to 15 (MIDI channel 1-16). Ignored if MIDI channel set to ALL
Received Controller Messages
Status
1011 nnnn
1011 nnnn
1011 nnnn
1011 nnnn
1011 nnnn
1011 nnnn
1011 nnnn
1011 nnnn
Second
1
2
4
7
74
11
32
64
Third Description
0vvvvvvv Mod Wheel — directly assignable controller
0vvvvvvv Breath Controller — directly assignable controller
0vvvvvvv Foot Controller — directly assignable controller
0vvvvvvv Volume — Combined with Master Volume and
Voice Volume
0vvvvvvv Brightness — Added to lowpass filter cutoff frequency
0vvvvvvv Expression Controller — directly assignable controller
0vvvvvvv Bank Select — 0 -2 select banks 1 - 3; others ignored
0vvvvvvv Damper pedal — holds envelopes in Sustain if
0100 0000 or higher
0vvvvvvv All Notes Off — clear all MIDI notes 1011 nnnn 123
1011 nnnn 121 0vvvvvvv Reset All Controllers — clears all MIDI controllers to 0, MIDI volume to maximum
See sections below for additional Continuous Controller (CC) and Nonregistered Parameter Number (NRPN) messages received.
Transmitted Channel Messages
Status Second
1100 nnnn 0ppppppp
Third Description
Program change, 0 — 127 for Programs 1 —
128 within current Bank
31
Transmitted Controller Messages
Status Second Third Description
1011 nnnn 0000 0111 0vvvvvvv Volume knob
1011 nnnn 0010 0000 0vvvvvvv Bank Select — 0 to 2
See sections below for additional Continuous Controller (CC) and Nonregistered Parameter Number (NRPN) messages transmitted.
Parameter
Osc 1 Frequency
Osc 1 Freq Fine
Osc 1 Shape
Glide 1
Osc 2 Frequency
Osc 2 Freq Fine
Osc 2 Shape
Glide 2
Osc Mix
Noise Level
Filter Frequency
Resonance
Filter Key Amt
Filter Audio Mod
Filter Env Amt
Filter Env Vel Amt
Filter Delay
Filter Attack
Filter Decay
Filter Sustain
Filter Release
Additional Continuous Controllers
(CCs) Transmitted/Received
The following table details how CCs are mapped onto Mopho’s controls. They are transmitted when MIDI Parameter Send is set to CC in Global, and recognized when received when MIDI Parameter Receive is set to either CC or
All in Global.
107
108
109
110
111
112
29
102
103
104
105
106
CC#
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Parameter
VCA Level
Amp Env Amt
Amp Velocity Amt
Amp Delay
Amp Attack
Amp Decay
Amp Sustain
Amp Release
Env 3 Destination
Env 3 Amt
Env 3 Velocity Amt
Env 3 Delay
Env 3 Attack
Env 3 Decay
Env 3 Sustain
Env 3 Release
BPM
Clock Divide
76
85
86
CC#
113
115
116
117
118
119
75
87
88
89
90
77
78
14
15
32
NRPN Messages
The Non-Registered Parameter Number (NRPN) MIDI messages are used to transmit and receive both global and program parameters. They are transmitted when MIDI Parameter Send is set to NRPN in Global, and received when MIDI
Parameter Receive is set to either NRPN or All in Global.
The messages are handled in standard MIDI format using the NRPN CC commands in running status byte format. Below is the format used for transmitting a NRPN parameter:
Transmitted NRPN Messages
Status
1011 nnnn
0110 0011
0vvv vvvv
0110 0010
0vvv vvvv
0000 0110
0vvv vvvv
0010 0110
0vvv vvvv
Description
Control Change
NRPN parameter number MSB CC
Parameter Number MSB
NRPN parameter number LSB CC
Parameter Number LSB
NRPN parameter value MSB CC
Parameter value MSB
NRPN parameter value LSB CC
Parameter value LSB
The parameter number can be found in the two tables below, one for Global parameters, and the other for Program parameters. The parameter numbers and the parameter values are broken into two 7-bit bytes for MIDI transmission; the
LSB has the seven least-significant bits, and the MSB has the seven mostsignificant bits, though in most cases the MSB will be zero or one, and never more than two.
When receiving an NRPN, all messages do not necessarily need to be transmitted, since the synth will track the most recent NRPN number, though it is usually good practice to send the entire message above.
Once an NRPN is selected, the synth will also respond to NRPN Data Increment and Decrement commands, which some controllers utilize. Finally, it responds to one RPN (Registered Parameter Number) command, the RPN/NRPN Reset command, which can be handy for resetting the currently selected parameter to a known state.
33
Received NRPN Messages
Status Second Third Description
1011 nnnn 0110 0011 0vvvvvvv NRPN parameter number MSB CC
1011 nnnn 0110 0010 0vvvvvvv NRPN parameter number LSB CC
1011 nnnn 0000 0110 0vvvvvvv NRPN parameter value MSB CC
1011 nnnn 0010 0110 0vvvvvvv NRPN parameter value LSB CC
1011 nnnn 0110 0000 0xxxxxxx NRPN parameter value Increment
1011 nnnn 0110 0001 0xxxxxxx NRPN parameter value Decrement
1011 nnnn 0010 0101 0111111 RPN parameter number MSB CC — Reset
NRPN parameter number (when both MSB and
LSB received)
1011 nnnn 0010 0100 0111111 RPN parameter number LSB CC — Reset
NRPN parameter number (when both MSB and
LSB received)
Global Parameter Data
The following table shows the Global data that is sent and received on global parameter dumps, and the corresponding NRPN number when sent/received individually.
Param NRP
N
0
Range
384 0 -24
Description
Master Transpose; 0 = -12 semitones (1 octave), 12
= 0 (no transpose), and 24 = +12 semitones.
1
2
385 0- 100 Master Fine Tune; 0 = -50 cents, 50 = 0 (centered),
100 = + 50 cents
386 0 - 16 MIDI Channel; if = 0, data received on all MIDI channels. Otherwise = channel number 1 — 16.
3 388 0 - 3
4
5
6
7
390
391
394
395
0 - 2
0 - 3
0 - 1
0 - 1
MIDI clock select
0 Use Internal clock, don’t send MIDI clock
1 Use Internal clock, send MIDI clock
2 Use MIDI clock In
3 Use MIDI clock In, and retransmit MIDI clock out
Parameter Send:
0 NRPN
1 CC
2 Off
Parameter Receive:
0 All
1 NRPN only
2 CC only
3 Off
MIDI Controller Send/Receive Off/On
MIDI Sysex Send/Receive Off/On
34
8
9
405 0 - 5
406 0 - 1
Audio Out:
0 Stereo
1 Mono
MIDI Out Select:
0 MIDI Out
1 MIDI Thru
Program Parameter Data
The following table lists Mopho’s voice parameters. The parameter number in the program and edit buffer dumps are different than the NRPN numbers as seen; this was to maintain NRPN compatibility with the Prophet ’08 as much as possible.
7
8
3
4
5
6
Param
0
1
2
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
NRPN
0
1
2
3
4
114
5
6
7
8
9
115
10
11
12
93
Range Description
0 - 120 Oscillator 1 Frequency, 0 — 120 in semitones (10 octave range)
0 - 100 Oscillator 1 Fine Tune; 0 = -50 cents, 50 = 0
(centered), 100 = + 50 cents
0-103 Oscillator 1 Shape
1 Sawtooth
2 Triangle mix
4 — 103 Pulse Wave, Pulse width 0 — 99
0 - 127 Oscillator 1 Glide
0 - 1 Oscillator 1 Keyboard Off/On
0-127 Sub Oscillator 1 Level
0 - 120 Oscillator 2 Frequency, 0 — 120 in semitones (10 octave range)
0 - 100 Oscillator 2 Fine Tune; 0 = -50 cents, 50 = 0
(centered), 100 = + 50 cents
0-103 Oscillator 2 Shape
0 Oscillator Off
Sawtooth
Triangle
Sawtooth/triangle mix
4 — 103 Pulse Wave, Pulse width 0 — 99
0 - 127 Oscillator 2 Glide
0 - 1 Oscillator 2 Keyboard Off/On
0 - 127 Sub Oscillator 2 Level
0 - 1 Sync off/on
0 - 3 Glide Mode:
0 fixed rate rate
0 - 5
3 fixed time auto
Oscillator Slop
0 - 12 Pitch Bend Range
35
16
17
18
19
37
38
39
40
32
33
34
35
36
41
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
36
96
34
35
36
29
27
30
31
32
33
37
13
14
116
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
0 - 5 Key Assign Mode:
Low note priority
Low note priority with re-trigger
High note priority
High note priority with re-trigger
Last note hit priority
Last note hit priority with re-trigger
0 - 127 Oscillator 1 - 2 Mix
0 - 127 Noise Level
0 - 127 External Audio Input Level
0 - 164 Filter Frequency, steps in semitones
0 - 127 Resonance
0 - 127 Filter Keyboard Amount
0 - 127 Filter Audio Modulation
0 - 1 Filter Poles 0: 2-pole; 1: 4-pole
0 - 254 Filter Envelope Amount; -127 to +127
0 - 127 Filter Envelope Velocity Amount
0 - 127 Filter Envelope Delay
0 - 127 Filter Envelope Attack
0 - 127 Filter Envelope Decay
0 - 127 Filter Envelope Sustain
0 - 127 Filter Envelope Release
0 - 127 VCA Initial Level
0 - 127 VCA Envelope Amount
0 - 127 VCA Envelope Velocity Amount
0 - 127 VCA Envelope Delay
0 - 127 VCA Envelope Attack
0 - 127 VCA Envelope Decay
0 - 127 VCA Envelope Sustain
0 - 127 VCA Envelope Release
0 - 127 Voice Volume
0 - 166 LFO 1 Frequency; 0 — 150 unsynced frequencies
151 Sequence speed divided by 32
152 Sequence speed divided by 16
153 Sequence speed divided by 8
154 Sequence speed divided by 6
155 Sequence speed divided by 4
156 Sequence speed divided by 3
157 Sequence speed divided by 2
158 Sequence speed divided by 1.5
159 One cycle per step
160 Two cycles per three steps
161 Two cycles per step
162 One cycles per three steps
163 Four cycles per step
164 Six cycles per step
42
61
66
67
68
69
62
63
64
65
55
56
57
58
59
50
51
52
53
54
60
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
70
71
72
73
74
38
57
62
63
64
98
58
59
60
61
65
66
67
68
69
51
52
53
54
55
46
47
48
49
50
56
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
0 - 4
165 Eight cycles per step
166 Sixteen cycles per step
LFO 1 Shape
0 Triangle
2 Sawtooth
4
Random
0 - 127 LFO 1 Amount
0 - 46 LFO 1 Mod Destination; See Modulation Destination list below
0 - 1 LFO 1 Key Sync Off/On
0 - 166 LFO 2 Frequency; same as LFO 1
0 - 4 LFO 2 Shape; same as LFO 1
0 - 127 LFO 2 Amount
0 - 46 LFO 2 Mod Destination; See Modulation Destination list below
0 - 1 LFO 2 Key Sync Off/On
0 - 166 LFO 3 Frequency; same as LFO 1
0 - 4 LFO 3 Shape; same as LFO 1
0 - 127 LFO 3 Amount
0 - 46 LFO 3 Mod Destination; See Modulation Destination list below
0 - 1 LFO 3 Key Sync Off/On
0 - 166 LFO 4 Frequency; same as LFO 1
0 - 4 LFO 4 Shape; same as LFO 1
0 - 127 LFO 4 Amount
0 - 46 LFO 4 Mod Destination; See Modulation Destination list below
0 - 1 LFO 4 Key Sync Off/On
0 - 46 Envelope 3 Mod Destination; See Mod Destination list below
0 - 254 Envelope 3 Amount; -127 to +127
0 - 127 Envelope 3 Velocity Amount
0 - 127 Envelope 3 Delay
0 - 127 Envelope 3 Attack
0 - 127 Envelope 3 Decay
0 - 127 Envelope 3 Sustain
0 - 127 Envelope 3 Release
0 - 1 Envelope 3 Repeat Off/On
0 - 22 Mod 1 Source; See Modulation Source list below
0 - 254 Mod 1 Amount; -127 to +127
0 - 46 Mod 1 Destination; See Modulation Destination list below
0 - 22 Mod 2 Source; See Modulation Source list below
0 - 254 Mod 2 Amount; -127 to +127
37
92
93
94
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
95
96
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
111
112
113
91
92
0 - 46
0 - 22 Mod 3 Source; See Modulation Source list below
0 - 254 Mod3 Amount; -127 to +127
0 - 46
Mod 2 Destination; See Modulation Destination list below
Mod 3 Destination; See Modulation Destination list below
0 - 22 Mod 4 Source; See Modulation Source list below
0 - 254 Mod 4 Amount; -127 to +127
0 - 46 Mod 4 Destination; See Modulation Destination list below
0 - 254 Mod Wheel Amount; -127 to +127
0 - 43 Mod Wheel Destination; See ModDestination list below
0 - 254 Pressure Amount; -127 to +127
0 - 43 Pressure Destination; See ModDestination list below
0 - 254 Breath Amount; -127 to +127
0 - 43 Breath Destination; See ModDestination list below
0 - 254 Velocity Amount; -127 to +127
0 - 43 Velocity Destination; See ModDestination list below
0 - 254 Foot Control Amount; -127 to +127
0 - 43 Foot Control Destination; See ModDestination list below
0 - 120 Push It Switch Note Number
0 - 127 Push It Switch velocity
0 - 1 Push It Switch Mode:
0 Normal
1 Toggle
2 Audio In
30 - 250 BPM tempo
0 - 12 Clock Divide:
Half Note
Quarter Note
Eighth Note
Eighth Note half swing
Eighth Note full swing
Eighth Note triplets
Sixteenth Note
Sixteenth Note half swing
Sixteenth Note full swing
Sixteenth Note triplets
Thirty-second Notes
Thirty-second Notes triplets
Sixty-Fourth note triplets
38
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
97
100
94
101
77
78
79
0 - 3
0 - 1
0 - 5
Arpeggiator Mode:
Up
Down
Up/Down
Assign
Arpeggiator; off/on
Sequencer Trigger:
Normal
Normal, no reset
No gate
No gate/no reset key step
Audio In
Gated Sequencer; off/on 0 - 1
0 - 46 Sequence 1 Destination; See ModDestination list below
0 - 46 Sequence 1 Destination; See ModDestination list below
0 - 46 Sequence 1 Destination; See ModDestination list below
104 80
105 105
106
107
106
107
108
109—
119
108
120-135 120-135
0 - 46 Sequence 1 Destination; See ModDestination list below
0 - 183 Assignable Parameter 1
0 - 183 Assignable Parameter 1
0 - 183 Assignable Parameter 1
0 - 183 Assignable Parameter 1
Unused
0 - 127 Sequence Track1, steps 1 — 16
0 to 125: Normal sequence step value
126 Reset
127 Rest
136-151 136-151
152-167 152-167
168-183 168-183
0 - 126 Sequence Track 2, steps 1 — 16
0 to 125: Normal sequence step value
126 Reset
0 - 126 Sequence Track 3, steps 1 — 16
0 to 125: Normal sequence step value
126 Reset
0 - 126 Sequence Track 4, steps 1 — 16
0 to 125: Normal sequence step value
126 Reset
184-199 184-199 32 - 127 Name charaters 1 — 16, in ASCII format
200-255 unused
39
Value
0
1
16
17
18
19
20
21
10
11
12
13
14
15
6
7
8
9
2
3
4
5
36
37
38
39
40
41
30
31
32
33
34
35
26
27
28
29
22
23
24
25
42
43
44
The following tables list the values used with the program parameters to specify modulation destinations and sources.
Mod Destinations
Off
Osc 1 Freq
Osc 2 Freq
Osc 1 and 2 Freq
Osc Mix
Noise Level
Osc 1 Pulse Width
Osc 2 Pulse Width
Osc 1 and 2 Pulse Width
Filter Frequency
Resonance
Filter Audio Mod Amt
VCA Level
Pan Spread
LFO 1 Freq
LFO 2 Freq
LFO 3 Freq
LFO 4 Freq
All LFO Freq
LFO 1 Amt
LFO 2 Amt
LFO 3 Amt
LFO 3 Amt
All LFO Amt
Filter Env Amt
Amp Env Amt
Env 3 Amt
All Env Amounts
Env 1 Attack
Env 2 Attack
Env 3 Attack
All Env Attacks
Env 1 Decay
Env 2 Decay
Env 3 Decay
All Env Decays
Env 1 Release
Env 2 Release
Env 3 Release
All Env Releases
Mod 1 Amt
Mod 2 Amt
Mod 3 Amt
Mod 4 Amt
External Audio In Level
40
Sub Osc 1 Level
Sub Osc 2 Level
Mod Sources
Off
Sequence Track 1
Sequence Track 2
Sequence Track 3
Sequence Track 4
LFO 1
LFO 2
LFO 3
LFO 4
Filter Envelope
Amp Envelope
Envelope 3
Pitch Bend
Mod Wheel
Pressure
MIDI Breath
MIDI Foot
MIDI Expression
Velocity
Note Number
Noise
Audio In Envelope Follower
Audio In Peak Hold
Sysex Messages
45
46
18
19
20
21
22
12
13
14
15
16
17
6
7
8
9
10
11
2
3
4
5
Value
0
1
Universal System Exclusive Message (Device Inquiry)
Status Description
1111 0000 System Exclusive (SysEx)
0111 1110 Non-realtime message
0vvv vvvv If MIDI channel is set to 1-16, 0vvvvvvv must match (unless MIDI Channel
= ALL); always responds if 0vvvvvvv = 0111 1111.
0000 0110 Inquiry Message
0000 0001 Inquiry Request
1111 0111 End of Exclusive (EOX)
Mopho responds with:
Status Description
1111 0000 System Exclusive (SysEx)
0111 1110 Non-realtime message
0vvv vvvv If MIDI Channel = ALL, 0vvvvvvv = 0111 1111. Otherwise 0vvvvvvv =
Channel Number 0-15.
41
0000 0110 Inquiry Message
0000 0010 Inquiry Reply
0000 0001 DSI ID
0010 0101 Mopho ID (Family LS)
0000 0001 Family MS
0000 0000 Family Member LS
0000 0000 Family Member MS
0jjj nnnn Main Software version: jjj — Minor rev; nnnn — Major rev
0000 0000 Zero Byte
0000 0000 Zero Byte
1111 0111 End of Exclusive (EOX)
Request Program Dump
Status
1111 0000
0000 0001
Description
System Exclusive (SysEx)
DSI ID
0010 0101
0000 0101
0000 00vv
0vvv vvvv
Mopho ID
Request Program Transmit
Bank Number, 0 — 1
Program Number, 0 — 127
1111 0111 End of Exclusive (EOX)
Mopho will respond by sending out the Program Data in the format described below in Program Data Dump.
Request Program Edit Buffer Dump
Status
1111 0000
0000 0001
0010 0101
0000 0110
1111 0111
Description
System Exclusive (SysEx)
DSI ID
Mopho ID
Request Program Edit Buffer Transmit
End of Exclusive (EOX)
Mopho will respond by sending out the current Program edit buffer in the format described below in Program Edit Buffer Data Dump.
42
Request Global Parameter Dump
Status
1111 0000
0000 0001
0010 0101
0000 1110
Description
System Exclusive (SysEx)
DSI ID
Mopho ID
Request Global Parameter Transmit
1111 0111 End of Exclusive (EOX)
Mopho will respond by sending out the current values of Global Parameters in the format described below in Global Parameters Data Dump.
Program Data Dump
Status
1111 0000
0000 0001
0010 0101
0000 0010
0000 00vv
0vvv vvvv
0vvv vvvv
1111 0111
Description
System Exclusive (SysEx)
DSI ID
Mopho ID
Program Data
Bank Number, 0 — 2
Program Number, 0 — 127
256 bytes expanded to 293 MIDI bytes in “packed MS bit” format (see page 44.)
End of Exclusive (EOX)
Program Edit Buffer Data Dump
Status
1111 0000
0000 0001
0010 0101
0000 0011
0vvv vvvv
1111 0111
Description
System Exclusive (SysEx)
DSI ID
Mopho ID
Edit Buffer Data
256 bytes expanded to 293 MIDI bytes in “packed MS bit” format (see page 44.)
End of Exclusive (EOX)
43
Global Parameters Data Dump
Status
1111 0000
0000 0001
0010 0101
0000 1111
0vvv vvvv
1111 0111
Description
System Exclusive (SysEx)
DSI ID
Mopho ID
Main Parameter Data
20 nibbles (LS then MS) for 10 Global parameters. Global Parameters are listed starting on page 34.
End of Exclusive (EOX)
Note: The Global Parameters Data Dump is not recognized when received; it is only transmitted when requested. NRPN messages are used to change Globals.
Packed Data Format
Data is packed in 8 byte “packets”, with the MS bit stripped from 7 parameter bytes, and packed into an eighth byte, which is sent at the start of the 8 byte packet.
Example:
Input Data
1 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
2 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0
3 C7 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 C0
4 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
5 E7 E6 E5 E4 E3 E2 E1 E0
6 F7 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 F0
7 G7 G6 G5 G4 G3 G2 G1 G0
Packed MIDI data
1 00 G7 F7 E7 D7 C7 B7 A7
2 00 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
3 00 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0
4 00 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 C0
5 00 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
6 00 E6 E5 E4 E3 E2 E1 E0
7 00 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 F0
8 00 G6 G5 G4 G3 G2 G1 G0
This explains why it takes 293 MIDI bytes to transmit 256 Program data bytes.
Hidden Function
Hold the A
SSIGN
P
ARAMETER
switch and hit the +/increment switch to calibrate the low-pass filter and analog oscillator waveshapes. This should not be necessary for normal operation.
44
Dave Smith Instruments
1590 Sylvaner Avenue
Saint Helena, CA 94574-2340
USA www.DaveSmithInstruments.com
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Table of contents
- 7 Quick Start
- 9 Getting Connected
- 11 Front Panel Controls
- 15 Basic Operation
- 19 Global Parameters
- 21 Program Parameters
- 21 Oscillator Parameters
- 22 Miscellaneous Oscillator Parameters
- 23 Mixer Parameters
- 23 Low-pass Filter Parameters
- 24 VCA Parameters
- 25 LFO Parameters
- 26 Envelope 3 Parameters
- 27 Modulation Parameters
- 28 Push It Switch Parameters
- 29 Clock Parameters
- 29 Arpeggiator Parameters
- 30 Sequence Parameters
- 31 Name Parameter
- 32 Modulation Destinations
- 34 Modulation Sources
- 35 Parameter List
- 36 MIDI Implementation
- 36 MIDI Messages
- 39 NRPN Messages
- 40 Global Parameter Data
- 41 Program Parameter Data
- 47 Sysex Messages
- 50 Packed Data Format
- 50 Hidden Function