Operation Manual

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Operation Manual

Mopho

Operation Manual

Version 1.0

September 2008

Dave Smith Instruments

1590 Sylvaner Avenue

Saint Helena, CA 94574-2340

USA

©2008 Dave Smith Instruments www.DaveSmithInstruments.com

Tested To Comply

With FCC Standards

FOR OFFICE USE

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules.

Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

(1) This device may not cause harmful interference and

(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations.

Cet appareil numerique de la classe B respecte toutes les exigences du Reglement sur le materiel brouilleur du

Canada.

For Technical Support, email: [email protected]

Contents

Quick Start.................................................................................................1

Getting Connected ....................................................................................3

Front Panel Controls .................................................................................5

Basic Operation.........................................................................................9

Global Parameters ..................................................................................13

Program Parameters...............................................................................15

Oscillator Parameters ..........................................................................15

Miscellaneous Oscillator Parameters ..................................................16

Mixer Parameters ................................................................................17

Low-pass Filter Parameters.................................................................17

VCA Parameters..................................................................................18

LFO Parameters ..................................................................................19

Envelope 3 Parameters .......................................................................20

Modulation Parameters .......................................................................21

Push It Switch Parameters ..................................................................22

Clock Parameters ................................................................................23

Arpeggiator Parameters ......................................................................23

Sequence Parameters.........................................................................24

Name Parameter .................................................................................25

Modulation Destinations..........................................................................26

Modulation Sources ................................................................................28

Parameter List.........................................................................................29

MIDI Implementation ...............................................................................30

MIDI Messages....................................................................................30

NRPN Messages .................................................................................33

Global Parameter Data........................................................................34

Program Parameter Data ....................................................................35

Sysex Messages .................................................................................41

Packed Data Format............................................................................44

Hidden Function ......................................................................................44

Quick Start

Thanks for purchasing your Mopho synthesizer! Listen to the sounds, twiddle some knobs, have some fun!

Please Register!

Please go to www.davesmithinstruments.com and register your synth. If you purchased directly from us, there is no need to register — we already have your contact information.

Powering Up

So, plug in the power supply, connect (in stereo!!) to your mixer/sound system, and start playing!

You can use the P

USH

I

T

switch to trigger sounds without a keyboard. If you’re using a MIDI keyboard, try applying keyboard pressure (aftertouch) and the mod wheel. Many sounds are fairly simple at first, then come alive when you use the controllers. With other sounds, you may need to hold the notes a while to let the sound unfold. Playing in different ways has a big effect on the programs.

Selecting and Editing Programs and Global Settings

You can use the increment and decrement (+ and -) switches to step through the programs. Hold them down briefly to increment or decrement the bank. There are 3 banks of 128 programs.

If you want to edit a program, just turn any knob. The new value will be displayed in the bottom line of the LCD (the top line displays the programmed value for handy reference).

After turning knobs, just hit P

ROGRAM

M

ODE

so the LCD goes back to the program/bank screen, allowing you to change programs again.

Press and hold the P

ROGRAM

M

ODE

switch briefly to display the Global menu and change higher level parameters such as MIDI channel number,

Transpose/Detune, and so on. The P

ROGRAM

knob changes the displayed page and increment and decrement change the values. These settings are remembered when the synth is turned off.

Summary

You should be up and running now; for more operation information, read on. Or, just look up specific parameters for detailed notes. Pages 26 through 28 contain a handy reference for mod destinations and sources. At some point you should

1

read through the manual to discover all the little features that you might not notice at first.

Don’t forget you get a free editor for Mac OS or Windows with your purchase.

Download it from www.soundtower.com/mopho.

I should mention that this manual does not include explanations of basic analog synthesizer functions. It assumes you already know what an oscillator is, how a low-pass filter affects the sound, what an ADSR envelope looks like, and so on.

Fortunately, these days it is quite easy to find such resources on the Internet. If you want to learn the lingo and the basics, just try a search in Google (or the search engine of your choice), something like “analog synthesizer tutorial.”

You’ll find plenty of good reading material.

Have fun!

Dave Smith

Special thanks to:

Jeff Koepper, Andrew McGowan, Dave Polich, and Stefan Trippler. Thanks also to the authors of the Prophet ’08 programs, many of which are used in Mopho.

2

Getting Connected

Mopho has several inputs and outputs on its back panel.

Power Input

Connect the power supply included with your Mopho. The power supply comes with different AC adaptor prongs that allow it to work anywhere in the world. If for whatever reason you need to use a different supply, it must match the specifications printed on the front panel.

Note: The power supply label says “Evolver” on it; we use the same supply for the mono Evolvers and the Prophets.

MIDI In

To receive MIDI data from another device, connect this to the other device's MIDI Out.

MIDI Out

To send MIDI data to another device, connect this to the other device's MIDI In. This output can also be configured as a MIDI Thru using the

MIDI Out Select parameter in the Global menu.

Audio In

Mopho can be used as a signal processor. Audio is routed through the filter and envelopes and, when the signal level is high enough, a gate is generated. Audio can also be used to advance the sequencer when Seq Trigger is set to Audio In.

Note: Though Mopho can process external audio, it does not have a pitch detector, so the oscillators do not track the pitch of the source audio.

Audio Out

Mopho’s unbalanced, stereo outputs.

Phones

A 1/4 inch stereo headphone jack.

3

4

Front Panel Controls

Input Gain

Used to adjust the gain of A

UDIO

I

N

. For more about using

Mopho to process external audio, see page 11. For low-level sources (like guitars), I

NPUT

G

AIN

should be turned up. For line-level sources, it will usually be turned down. Turning it down does not turn it off, it just decreases the gain.

External Input Volume (see Mixer Parameters on page 17) controls the amount of signal that gets mixed into the filter and must be turned up for any audio— external or feedback—to be heard.

Note: The factory programs use a naming convention where “FB” indicates a program is designed to take advantage of the feedback capability. When nothing is plugged into the Audio In jack, the left

Audio Output is normalled to the input. This provides a feedback path that will create some unique, wild sounds. I

NPUT

G

AIN

is not a programmable control, so its position will have an effect on those programs.. For most FB sounds, the I

NPUT

G

AIN

should be set to minimum, and will get out of control (often nicely!) when turned up.

Program

Use P

ROGRAM

to change and scroll through the programs. Also used to select parameters in Global mode.

Program Mode

Mopho has three modes of operation: program, edit, and global. When in program mode, the display shows the name, number, and bank of the current program. Editing any of the parameters puts Mopho into edit

5

mode and displays the last parameter edited and its stored and edited values. See

Program Parameters starting on page 15 for more information.

Global mode is accessed by briefly holding down the P

ROGRAM

M

ODE

button.

The Global menu is displayed. Use P

ROGRAM

to change global parameters and the increment and decrement (+ and -) buttons to change the settings. See Global

Parameters on page 13 for more information.

To return to program mode from edit or global mode, simply press P

ROGRAM

M

ODE

.

Write

Use W

RITE

to save an edited program to any of Mopho’s 384 memory locations. To execute the write operation, press the increment (+) button. To cancel a write, press W

RITE

, decrement (-), or P

ROGRAM

M

ODE

. W

RITE

is also used to execute certain operations in the Global menu.

Note: You can store a program in a different location. After hitting the

W

RITE

button, you can change the destination using the P

ROGRAM

knob, and you can change banks by holding the increment (+) and decrement

(-) buttons. Be careful changing the banks! If you hit the increment button quickly, it saves the program wherever you are at that point. If you want to change banks, just be sure to hold the button for a couple seconds.

Volume

Controls the volume of the left and right audio outputs and the headphone output.

Increment/Decrement

The increment and decrement (+ and -) controls are used to step through programs in program mode, to change values in the Global menu, and to confirm or cancel various operations. In edit mode they increase/decrease the parameter value. They are also used to select Mopho’s three program banks. Hold increment briefly to switch to the next highest bank; hold decrement to switch to the next lowest bank.

Assignable Parameters 1-4

Any of Mopho’s program parameters can be edited from the front panel using the A

SSIGNABLE

P

ARAMETERS

controls and the assignments for the controls are saved per program, to best suit that program. In other words, the assignments for the controls can be completely different from one program to another.

Assign Parameters

When the A

SSIGN

P

ARAMETERS

LED is lit, turn any of the A

SSIGNABLE

P

ARAMETERS

controls to select from the list of program parameters. Press A

SSIGN

P

ARAMETERS

again (turn the LED off) to use the

A

SSIGNABLE

P

ARAMETERS

controls to edit the selected parameters. For a description of the parameters, see Program Parameters beginning on page 15.

For a list of the parameters, see page 29.

6

Pitch

Controls the base frequency of the two oscillators. The relative interval between the two oscillators is maintained, even when the extremes are reached.

Cutoff

Controls the filter cutoff.

Resonance

Controls filter resonance.

Note: The filter will only self oscillate when in 4-pole mode. See Low-

pass Filter Parameters on page 17 for more information.

Attack

Simultaneously adjusts the attack portion of all envelope generators: filter, amplifier, and Envelope 3.

Decay/Release

Simultaneously adjusts the decay and release portions of all envelope generators: filter, amplifier, and Envelope 3.

Push It!

The P

USH

I

T

button is a manual trigger to play Mopho. It can trigger a specific note (at a specific velocity) or a gated sequence, latch notes or sequences on and off, and manually step through a sequence. For more information, see Program Parameters, beginning on page 15.

7

Basic Operation

In designing Mopho, the goal was to make a great sounding analog mono synth that was also affordable. Toward that end, we wanted to give players enough control over parameters to make it useful for performance, so we came up with a combination of “hard-wired” commonly used controls and user-assignable controls. Any of Mopho’s parameters can be edited in real time from the front panel controls. But we also recognize that may not be the quickest or easiest way to program sounds from scratch. A free editor is available for Mac OS and

Windows that gives you access to all of Mopho’s program parameters simultaneously. Download it here: www.soundtower.com/mopho. Also, an advanced version of the editor with more features can be purchased from our

Web site.

Note: Most of the Prophet ’08’s controls map directly to Mopho’s controls, so if you have a Prophet ’08, you can use it as a MIDI control surface for Mopho.

When Mopho first powers up, it is in Program mode. The top line of the LCD shows the Program (1…128) and Bank (1…3) number of the currently selected program, and the bottom line shows the 16-character name of the program. The

P

ROGRAM

knob changes the program. The program can also be changed by pressing the increment (+) or decrement (—) switches, respectively. To increment to the next bank, hold the increment switch briefly; to decrement to the previous bank, hold the decrement switch.

To edit a program, simply turn any knob. The A

SSIGNABLE

P

ARAMETERS

knobs have been preset to useful parameters for the factory programs. To change a knob’s assignment, press A

SSIGN

P

ARAMETERS

to light the LED. Turning any of the A

SSIGNABLE

P

ARAMETERS

knobs now will scroll through the list of available parameters. Choose one or more parameters to edit and then press A

SSIGN

P

ARAMETERS

again to exit the assignment mode (A

SSIGN

P

ARAMETERS

LED should now be off). See Program Parameters on page 15 for a detailed list of all parameters and their functions. After editing parameters, press the P

ROGRAM

M

ODE

switch to exit edit mode and return to program mode.

Feedback

As you can see from the illustration on the following page, the left Audio Output is normalled to the Audio In. (This connection is broken when a plug is inserted in the Audio In.) Turning up the external input volume (ExtIn Vol parameter) will cause varying amounts of the audio output to be mixed back in pre-filter.

For most purposes, small amounts of feedback are most useful and the resulting effect is similar to an overdrive distortion. Higher levels of feedback can get very squirrelly and rude (which may be exactly the effect you’re looking for).

9

10

I

NPUT

G

AIN

also affects the level of the feedback signal, so you’ll typically want to start with I

NPUT

G

AIN

turned down.

Several of the factory programs already have some level of feedback programmed in, as indicated by the letters “FB” following the name. To hear the effect of ExtIn Vol and I

NPUT

G

AIN

, call up one of those programs and vary those parameters.

Audio In

Audio In can also be used to process an external audio source, to get access to the analog filter as a sound processor. In general, when using a line-level input, you will want the I

NPUT

G

AIN

control set to minimum. When using a low-level source, such as an electric guitar, you’ll need to turn up the I

NPUT

G

AIN

to get sufficient signal level.

When processing external audio, you will first need to turn up the ExtIn Vol level in the Mixer. Otherwise no signal gets to the filter. Also note that the VCA needs to be open to hear the input. This can be done a number of ways:

1. Just turn up the VCA Level if you want the signal to go through continuously

2. Manually trigger the VCA envelope with the P

USH

I

T button or a MIDI keyboard

3. Select AudioIn as the mode in the PushItSw parameter, which automatically gates the VCA envelope with an input signal greater than a fixed threshold

There are also numerous other ways of opening the VCA using modulation.

Saving a Program

To save a Program, press the W

RITE

switch and the following screen appears:

Write? P:xxx B:x

Hit: Inc if Yes

Press the increment (+) switch to save the current program, or decrement (-) to cancel (or press the W

RITE

switch again). To store in a different location, use

P

ROGRAM to select a new destination, and hold the increment or decrement switch to choose a different bank.

11

Global Parameters

Mopho’s Global parameters affect all programs globally. Examples include

MIDI channel and fine tune. To edit the Global parameters, hold down the

P

ROGRAM

M

ODE

switch until Global Parameter is displayed. The P

ROGRAM knob changes the global parameter and the increment and decrement buttons change the value.

Transpose: -12…+12 —

Master Transpose control, 0 is centered. Steps in semitones.

Fine Tune: -50…+50 —

Master Fine Tune control; 0 centered. Steps in cents (50 cents = 1/2 semitone).

MIDI Channel: ALL, 1…16 —

Selects which MIDI channel to send and receive data, 1 to 16. All receives on all 16 channels.

Clock: see table —

Selects the MIDI clock status.

Display MIDI Clock Setting

Internal

MIDI clock is neither sent nor received

MIDI Out

MIDI clock is sent

MIDI In

MIDI clock is received

MidiIn/Out

MIDI clock is received and transmitted

MIDI Parameter Send: NRPN, CC, Off —

Changes to the values of Mopho’s front panel controls are transmitted via MIDI as Non-registered Parameter

Number (NRPN) controllers or as Continuous Controllers (CC). Transmission of parameters can also be turned off. See MIDI Implementation on page 30 for details.

Note: NRPNs are the preferred method of parameter transmission, since they cover the complete range of all parameters, while CCs only handle the main parameters.

MIDI Parameter Receive: All, NRPN, CC, Off —

Sets the method by which

Mopho receives parameter changes via MIDI. As with transmission, NRPNs are the preferred method, though some controllers may only be able to send CCs.

MIDI Control: Off, On —

When On, the synth will respond to MIDI controllers, including Pitch Wheel, Mod Wheel, Pedal, Breath, Volume, and Expression.

MIDI SysEx: Off, On —

When On, the synth will respond to received MIDI

SysEx messages, and will transmit them, when prompted, to the MIDI Out. See

Sysex Messages on page 41 for details.

13

Audio Out: Stereo, Mono —

Mopho defaults to stereo operation. When set to

Mono, this parameter defeats all pan settings and modulation, effectively making each of the outputs a mono output.

MIDI Out Select: Out, Thru —

MIDI Out can be switched to MIDI Thru to daisychain multiple MIDI devices.

Basic Patch

Press the W

RITE

button to load a basic patch into the edit buffer.

(The patch will not actually be written to the current program location unless intentionally written to memory in program mode using the W

RITE

button.)

Reset Globals

Mopho does not have a full hardware reset, but select this parameter and press W

RITE

to reset the global parameters to their factory defaults.

MIDI SysEx Dump: see table —

Allows dumping of Programs in SysEx format via MIDI.

Display MIDI Transmit Operation

Current Program

Dump current program

Current Bank

Dump all 128 programs in current bank

All Banks

Dump all programs in all 3 banks

Press the W

RITE

switch to start transmission. This feature is handy for saving

Programs on a computer in SysEx format, or for sending them to another Mopho via a direct MIDI connection. The dumps include Program and Bank numbers, so when received, the programs will be stored in the same location.

14

Program Parameters

All Program parameters can be edited using any of A

SSIGNABLE

P

ARAMETERS controls. To assign a parameter to a control, press the A

SSIGN

P

ARAMETERS button to light the LED, and then turn any of the knobs (1 through 4) to select a parameter. A full list of the parameters can be found on page 29. The selected parameter and value appear in the LCD display. The top line of the LCD displays the programmed value for reference; the bottom line displays the edited value.

To then change the value of the parameter you selected, hit the A

SSIGN

P

ARAMETERS button again, and the same knob will now change the value. You can also use the increment and decrement switches to adjust parameter values.

Press both switches at the same time to set the parameter to zero.

Note: Once you are done editing a program, before you save it, you should consider what parameters you want to access when playing the new program. Generally, when making a program, we try to assign each of the 4 knobs to a different parameter that makes sense for that particular program, providing extra live control.

Though it is certainly possible to perform detailed program generation and editing using these controls, it is usually much faster to use the free editor available for Mac OS or Windows. The minimal front panel of the Mopho is designed for fast, real-time changes in live performance.

Following are descriptions of each Mopho Program parameter.

Oscillator Parameters

Mopho has two analog oscillators. The basic controls for each oscillator are the same.

Note: There are additional modulation controls that can affect the pitch of Oscillators 1 and 2. These are covered in other sections of the

Parameter definitions.

Osc Freq: C 0…C 10 —

Sets the base oscillator frequency over a 10 octave range, from 8 Hz to 8KHz, stepping in semitones. C3 is middle C, the first octave is 0 (C0, C#0, etc.), the second octave is 1 (C1, C#1, etc.), and so on.

Fine Freq: -50…+50 —

Fine Tune control; 0 centered. Steps in cents (50 cents =

1/2 semitone).

Shape: see table —

Selects the oscillator waveshape as follows:

15

Display

Osc Off

Waveshape

No output

Sawtooth

Sawtooth

Triangle

Triangle

Saw-Tri

Sawtooth — Triangle mix

Pulse xx

Pulse Wave, with pulse width ranging from minimum

(0) to maximum (99). The pulse width will turn off at the two extremes — this allows some interesting modulation possibilities. A square wave will be at Pulse

50.

Glide: 0…127 —

Sets the oscillator glide (portamento) rate. Glide can be set independently for each oscillator. Low values are faster.

Note: See “Glide Mode” in Miscellaneous Oscillator Parameters on page 22 for additional Glide settings.

Keyboard: On, Off —

Turns keyboard tracking for the oscillator on and off.

Sub Osc 1: 1...127 —

Sub-oscillator 1 generates a square wave pitched one octave below oscillator 1. This parameter controls the level.

Sub Osc 2: 1...127 —

Sub-oscillator 2 generates a square wave pitched two octaves below oscillator 2. This parameter controls the level.

Miscellaneous Oscillator Parameters

Sync 2-> 1: Off, On —

Turns oscillator hard sync on. With sync on, whenever oscillator 2 resets, it will force oscillator 1 to reset for the classic hard sync sound.

Glide Mode: see table —

Sets the way the oscillators respond to Glide settings.

Display

FixRate

FixRate A

FixTime

FixTime A

Glide mode

The Glide rate is fixed. The time to transition from one note to another varies depending upon the interval between the notes.

The same, but Glide is only applied when played legato; that is, when a new note is hit while another note is still held.

The Glide time is fixed. The time to transition from one note to another is the same, regardless of the interval.

The same, but Glide only is applied when played legato; that is, when a new note is hit while another note is still held.

16

Osc Slop: 0…5 —

The amount of random oscillator frequency slop. The analog oscillators in Mopho are very accurate, and will not drift. This works great for accurate sounds, and allows precise de-tuning. The Oscillator Slop parameter allows subtle amounts of frequency drift. For larger amounts, use a random LFO or white noise mod.

Pitch Wheel Range: 0…12 —

Sets the bend range, in semitones, of the pitch wheel. The setting is the range in the positive or negative direction. For example, a setting of 7 lets you bend a note up or down by a fifth.

Key Assign: see table —

Determines how Mopho responds to keyed notes.

Display

Low Note

LowRetrig

HighNote

HighRetrg

LastNote

LastRetrg

Mixer Parameters

Key mode

Low note priority

Low note priority, re-trigger envelopes

High note priority

High note priority, re-trigger envelopes

Last note hit priority

Last note hit priority, re-trigger envelopes

Osc Mix: 0...127 —

Enables the outputs of Oscillators 1 and 2 to be mixed in varying amounts. A setting of 0 is equivalent to 100% Oscillator 1 and 0%

Oscillator 2. A setting of 127 is just the opposite. A setting of 64 is essentially a

50-50 mix of both oscillators.

Noise Level: 0…127 —

Controls the volume of white noise mixed into the filter.

Ext In Volume: 0...127 —

Controls the level of external audio input mixed into the filter. This is used for processing other audio sources (guitars, recordings, etc.) through Mopho’s analog electronics. This works in conjunction with the front panel’s I

NPUT

G

AIN control.

Also, since the left channel of A

UDIO

O

UT

is normalled to A

UDIO

I

N

, this control sets the amount of Mopho’s audio output returned to the audio input. Use this for crazy feedback sounds.

Low-pass Filter Parameters

Mopho utilizes a switchable, 2- or 4-pole analog low-pass filter coupled with a

4-stage (plus delay) ADSR envelope generator.

Frequency: 0…164 —

Sets the base filter cutoff frequency over more than 13 octaves. This control steps in semitones.

17

Resonance: 0…127 —

Sets the Resonance level of the filter. At high settings the filter will self-oscillate in 4-pole mode. If the filter does not oscillate, switch to 4-pole mode.

Keyboard Amount: 0…127 —

Sets the amount of keyboard (MIDI note) to the filter cutoff. A setting of 64 will step the filter one semitone for each note, 32 would be half-semitones, and so on.

Audio Mod: 0...127 —

Controls the amount of audio from Oscillator 1 used to modulate the filter cutoff frequency. For filter-only audio, set O

SCILLATOR

M

IX to 127, O

SCILLATOR

2 S

HAPE

to Off, and O

SCILLATOR

1 S

HAPE to the desired waveshape. This is useful for bell-like FM sounds. A wide range of sounds can also be made using A

UDIO

M

OD

with the oscillators routed normally through the filter.

Config: 2 Pole, 4 Pole —

Selects either 2- or 4-pole operation for the filter.

Envelope Amount: -127…+127 —

Sets the amount of filter envelope routed to the cutoff frequency. This can be positive or negative, allowing inverted envelope control of the filter.

Envelope Velocity: 0…127 —

Amount of key velocity controlling the level of the filter envelope.

Delay: 0...127 —

Sets a delay between the time the filter envelope is triggered and when the Attack portion actually begins.

Attack: 0…127 —

Sets the Attack time of the filter ADSR envelope generator.

Decay: 0…127 —

Sets the Decay time.

Sustain: 0…127 —

Sets the Sustain level.

Release: 0…127 —

Sets the Release time.

VCA Parameters

VCA Level: 0…127 —

Sets a base level for the VCA (Voltage Controlled

Amplifier). This allows the VCA to be essentially bypassed, which is necessary for Programs that drone.

Note: If VCA L

EVEL

is on full, Envelope Amount has no effect. You normally want VCA L

EVEL

set to zero. For droning sounds, or using the

Mopho to process external audio, you will probably turn the VCA Level up.

18

Env Amount: 0…127 —

Sets the amount of VCA envelope to the VCA level.

Env Velocity: 0…127 —

Sets the amount of keyboard velocity controlling the level of the VCA envelope.

Delay: 0...127 —

Sets a delay between the time the amplifier envelope is triggered and when the Attack portion actually begins.

Attack: 0…127 —

Sets the Attack time of the VCA ADSR envelope generator.

Decay: 0…127 —

Sets the Decay time.

Sustain: 0…127 —

Sets the Sustain level.

Release: 0…127 —

Sets the Release time.

Program Volume: 0…127 —

Sets the volume of the current program to match volumes between programs.

Note:

There is enough gain in the synth voice that with some settings, some mild clipping distortion may be heard. If this happens, try lowering the V

OICE

V

OLUME

, and/or the VCA E

NVELOPE

A

MOUNT

(or VCA

V

ELOCITY

A

MOUNT

).

LFO Parameters

Mopho has four Low Frequency Oscillators (LFOs). The same parameters are available for each.

Frequency: 0…150, sync —

Sets the LFO frequency. Range 0—150 for unsynced LFO; speed ranges from slow (30 seconds) to very fast — at 90 (8 HZ,

C-2) and above the speed steps in semitones, up to 150 (261 Hz, middle C).

Note: Some of the analog functions may not respond well to the fastest

LFO speeds, due to speed limitations of the control voltages; but they will certainly generate some interesting sounds.

Above 150, the sync speeds are as follows:

Display

16 Steps

Timing Sync

32 Steps

Sequence speed divided by 32; i.e. one LFO cycle takes 32 steps

Sequence speed divided by 16

8 Steps

Sequence speed divided by 8

6 Steps

Sequence speed divided by 6

4 Steps

Sequence speed divided by 4

19

3 Steps

Sequence speed divided by 3

2 Steps

Sequence speed divided by 2

1.5 Step

Sequence speed divided by 1.5

1 Step

One cycle per step

2/3 Step

Two cycles every three steps

1/2 Step

Two cycles per step

1/3 Step

One cycles every three steps

1/4 Step

Four cycles per step

1/6 Step

Six cycles per step

1/8 Step

Eight cycles per step

1/16Step

Sixteen cycles per step

Shape: see table —

Selects the LFO waveshape:

Display

Triangle

LFO Shape

Triangle

Rev Saw

Reverse Sawtooth

Sawtooth

Sawtooth

Square

Square Wave

Random

Random — changes once per cycle for sample-and-hold effects

Amount: 0…100 —

Sets the amount of LFO routed to the destination.

Key Sync: Off, On —

When on, the LFO is re-started each time a new note is played. Key Sync is set independently on each LFO.

Destination

See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.

Envelope 3 Parameters

Envelope 3 is an auxiliary envelope for modulating various destinations. It can even be used as a sort of LFO using the Repeat parameter, which is unique to

Envelope 3.

Destination

Sets the Envelope 3 destination. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.

Amount: -127…+127 —

Sets the amount of Envelope 3.

Env Velocity: 0…127 —

Sets the amount of key velocity controlling the level of envelope 3.

20

Env Delay: 0…127 —

Sets a delay between the time Envelope 3 is triggered and when the Attack portion actually begins.

Env Attack: 0…127 —

Sets the Attack time of Envelope 3.

Env Decay: 0…127 —

Sets the Decay time.

Env Sustain: 0…127 —

Sets the Sustain level.

Env Release: 0…127 —

Sets the Release time.

Repeat: Off, On —

When on, causes the decay, attack, and release portions of

Envelope 3 to loop for as long as the envelope is gated on.

Modulation Parameters

The Modulation Parameters let you configure the modulation routing and amount for Mopho’s four general-purpose modulation slots as well as for MIDI controllers (Mod Wheel, Key Pressure, Breath Control, Velocity, and Foot

Controller).

Since each Mopho mod source has a single destination, the four general purpose

Mods provide a way to send a mod source (such as a sequence or LFO) to additional destinations, with a different amount. There are also additional mod sources available here, such as Noise, allowing a wide variety of possibilities.

To configure a general-purpose modulation slot, select the appropriate modulator (Mod 1, Mod 2, Mod 3, or Mod 4), and use the Source, Destination, and Amount parameters to route the modulation as desired.

To configure modulation for a standard MIDI controller, select the desired controller and amount, and then set the destination.

Source

Selects a modulation source. See Modulation Sources on page 28 for possible sources.

Amount: -127…+127 —

Sets the amount of modulation.

Destination

Selects a modulation destination. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.

Mod Wheel Amount: -127…+127 —

Sets the maximum amount of modulation that can be applied from MIDI Continuous Controller 1 (mod wheel).

21

Mod Wheel Destination

Selects the destination to which the mod wheel is routed. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.

Press Amount: -127…+127 —

Sets the maximum amount of modulation that can be applied from MIDI Channel Pressure (aftertouch).

Press Destination

Selects the destination to which the Channel Pressure is routed. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.

Breath Amount: -127…+127 —

Sets the maximum amount of modulation that can be applied from MIDI Continuous Controller 2 (breath controller).

Breath Destination

Selects the destination to which the breath control is routed. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.

Veloc Amount: -127…+127 —

Sets the maximum amount of modulation that can be applied from MIDI note-on velocity.

Veloc Destination

Selects the destination to which the note-on velocity is routed. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.

Foot Amount: -127…+127 —

Sets the maximum amount of modulation that can be applied from MIDI Continuous Controller 4 (foot controller).

Foot Destination

Selects the destination to which the foot control is routed.

See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.

Push It Switch Parameters

These parameters determine the behavior of the P

USH

I

T

switch, Mopho’s manual trigger.

Note: C0…C10 —

Sets the note that plays when P

USH

I

T

is pressed.

Velocity: 0…127 —

Sets the MIDI note-on velocity.

Mode: Normal, Toggle, Audio In —

When set to Normal, P

USH

I

T

responds like a key: press it and a note plays, release it and the note ends. But when set to

Toggle, P

USH

I

T

turns the note on with one press and off with a second press.

This is handy for making a note drone or for latching a gated sequence on.

22

Somewhat realated, the Audio In setting will generate a gate from the Audio

Input. When the signal gets above a certain level, the gate will go on. When it drops below that level, the gate will go off.

Clock Parameters

The sequencer and arpeggiator share the BPM and C

LOCK

D

IVIDE settings.

BPM: 30…250 —

Sets the programmed tempo for the sequencer in BPM (beats per minute).

Clock Divide: see table —

Sets the note value for each sequence step relative to the BPM.

Display

Half

Quartr

Eighth

8 half

8swing

Tempo

BPM/2

BPM

BPM x 2

BPM x 2

8 trip

16th

16half

16swng

16trip

BPM x 2

BPM x 3

BPM x 4

BPM x 4

BPM x 4

32nd

32trip

64trip

BPM x 6

BPM x 8

BPM x 12

BPM x 24

Arpeggiator Parameters

Timing Division

Half note

Quarter note

Eighth note

Eighth note, half swing timing

Eighth note, full swing timing

Eighth note triplets

Sixteenth note

Sixteenth note, half swing timing

Sixteenth note, full swing timing

Sixteenth note triplets

Thirty-second note

Thirty-second note triplets

Sixty-fourth note triplets

Mopho’s arpeggiator has four different operating modes and can be synced to a

MIDI clock source.

Note: If the arpeggiator does not seem to be working, check the G

LOBAL parameters to make sure Clock is set to Internal. If Clock is set to use an external clock source, Mopho must be receiving MIDI clock messages in order for the arpeggiator to run.

The tempo and note value are determined by the Clock Parameters.

Mode: see table —

Sets the order in which the arpeggiator plays notes.

23

Display Arpeggiator mode

Up

Down

Up Down

Arpeggiated notes play in ascending order.

Arpeggiated notes play in descending order.

Arpeggiated notes play in alternately ascending and descending order.

Assign

Arpeggiated notes play in the order in which they were struck.

On/Off: Off, On —

Turns the arpeggiator on and off. Turning it on will turn off the Sequencer if it is on.

Sequence Parameters

Mopho features a 4 x 16 “analog-style” step sequencer that can generate four separate sequence tracks of up to 16 steps each. Individual sequencer tracks can be routed to any standard modulation destination (see the table on page 26).

Using VCA Envelope as a destination, for example, varies the volume of each step; a destination of Filter or Filter Envelope Amount will produce different filter settings per step. Typically, however, at least one sequence is routed to an oscillator to control pitch.

The sequencer is a “gated” sequencer. That is, a note must be played, either from the P

USH

I

T

switch or via MIDI, in order for the sequence to be heard and it will continue to play as long as the note is held (gated) .

Note: The P

USH

I

T

switch’s Toggle parameter enables notes (and, therefore, sequences) to be latched on for sustained playback.

The Clock Parameters determine the note value/tempo of the sequencer. The actual gate duration for each step is fixed at half the step time. Use the envelopes to generate notes of longer or shorter duration.

One very useful way to modulate a parameter in sync with a sequence is using

LFOs with sync; LFO frequency runs from 0 to 150, after which you can select the sync settings. A setting of 16 Steps for LFO Frequency with a Triangle wave selected and routed to the filter will provide a clean filter sweep over a 16 step sequence, perfectly in sync! This is much easier (and smoother) than programming a filter sweep using sequence steps.

Note: If the sequencer does not seem to be working, check the G

LOBAL settings to make sure Clock is set to Internal. If Clock is set to use an external clock source, Mopho must be receiving MIDI clock messages in order for the sequencer to run.

24

Seq Trigger: see table —

Sets the triggering mode for the Gated Sequencer.

Display Trigger mode

Normal

No Reset

No Gate

NoGateNR

Key Step

Sequence plays from the first step when a key is held, and resets to step 1 each time a new note is played. Each sequence step retriggers the envelopes.

The same, but does not reset to step 1 on every note.

The keyboard triggers the envelopes; the sequence steps do not.

Same, but does not reset with subsequent notes.

Striking a key advances the sequencer one step.

Audio In

Steps the sequencer whenever the external audio input gets over a certain level.

On/Off: Off, On —

Turns the sequencer on and off.

Seq 1, 2, 3, or 4 Destinations

Sets the destination for each of the four sequence tracks. For a complete list, see Modulation Destinations on page 26.

Seq 1, 2, 3, or 4 Steps: C0…D5+ or 0…125, Reset, Rest —

Sets each step value for each of the four sequence tracks. The values are displayed as both relative note values and as simple numerical values. Note values are displayed in quarter tones with a plus sign (+) indicating that the pitch is a quarter tone higher than the displayed note number. The two highest values are Reset and Rest. Reset causes the sequence to reset to the first step, enabling sequences of fewer than

16 steps or even sequences in which the tracks are different lengths. Rest inserts a rest on the selected step.

Name Parameter

Edit Name

The lower LCD line displays the name of the Program with the active character blinking. When A

SSIGN

P

ARAMETERS

is lit, the parameter control changes the position of the active character. When A

SSIGN

P

ARAMETERS is not lit, the parameter control steps through all the available characters for the active character. The increment and decrement buttons also change the character.

25

Modulation Destinations

Display Destination

Off

No destination selected

Osc 1 Freq

Oscillator 1 Frequency

Osc 2 Freq

Oscillator 2 Frequency

OscAllFreq

Oscillator 1 and 2 Frequency

Osc Mix

Oscillator Mix

NoiseLevel

Noise Level

Osc1 PulsW

Oscillator 1 Pulse Width

Osc2 PulsW

Oscillator 2 Pulse Width

Osc All PW

All Oscillators Pulse Width

Low Pass

Lowpass Filter Frequency

Resonance

Resonance

Audio Mod

Audio Mod Amount

UCA Level

VCA Amount

LFO 1 Freq

LFO 1 Frequency

LFO 2 Freq

LFO 2 Frequency

LFO 3 Freq

LFO 3 Frequency

LFO 4 Freq

LFO 4 Frequency

LFOAllFreq

All LFO Frequencies

LFO 1 Amt

LFO 2 Amt

LFO 1 Amount

LFO 2 Amount

LFO 3 Amt

LFO 4 Amt

LFO 3 Amount

LFO 4 Amount

LFOAll Amt

All LFO Amounts

Env 1 Amt

Env 2 Amt

Envelope 1 Amount (Level)

Envelope 2 Amount (Level)

Env 3 Amt

Envelope 3 Amount (Level)

EnvAll Amt

All Envelope Amounts (Levels)

Env1Attack

Envelope 1 Attack Rate

Env2Attack

Envelope 2 Attack Rate

Env3Attack

Envelope 3 Attack Rate

EnvAll Att

All Envelope Attack Rates

Env1 Decay

Envelope 1 Decay Rate

Env2 Decay

Envelope 2 Decay Rate

Env3 Decay

Envelope 3 Decay Rate

EnvAll Dec

All Envelope Decay Rates

Env1Releas

Envelope 1 Release Rate

Env2Releas

Envelope 2 Release Rate

Env3Releas

Envelope 3 Release Rate

26

EnvAll Rel

All Envelope Release Rates

Mod 1 Amt

Modulator 1 Amount

Mod 2 Amt

Mod 3 Amt

Modulator 2 Amount

Modulator 3 Amount

Mod 4 Amt

Modulator 4 Amount

AudioInVol

Mixer Audio In Volume

Sub Osc 1

Sub Oscillator 1 Level

Sub Osc 2

Sub Oscillator 2 Level

27

Modulation Sources

Display Source

Off

No source selected

Sequence1 Sequence 1

Sequence2 Sequence 2

Sequence3 Sequence 3

Sequence4 Sequence 4

LFO 1

LFO 1

LFO 2

LFO 3

LFO 2

LFO 3

LFO 4

LFO 4

Filt Env1

Filter Envelope

VCA Env 2

Amp (VCA) Envelope

Envelope3 Envelope 3

PitchBend Pitch Bend

Mod Wheel

Mod Wheel

Pressure

Pressure (Aftertouch)

MidBreath MIDI — Breath Controller

Midi Foot

MIDI — Foot Controller

Midi Exp

MIDI — Expression

Velocity

Keyboard Note Velocity

KeyNumber Keyboard Note Number

Noise

Noise

EnvFollow Audio In Envelope Follower

Peak Hold

Audio In Peak Hold

28

Parameter List

Osc 1 Frequency

Osc 1 Fine Freq

Oscillator 1 Shape

Oscillator 1 Glide

Osc 1 Key Track

Sub Osc 1 Level

Osc 2 Frequency

Osc 2 Fine Freq

Oscillator 2 Shape

Oscillator 2 Glide

Osc 2 Key Track

Sub Osc 2 Level

Osc Hard Sync

Oscillator Mix

Noise Level

Ext In Volume

Glide Mode

Oscillator Slop

Pitch Wheel Range

Key Assign

Filter Audio Mod

Filter Mode

Filter Env Amount

Filter Env Velocity

Filter Env Delay

Filter Env Attack

Filter Env Decay

Filter Env Sustain

Filter Env Release

VCA Env Amount

VCA Env Velocity

VCA Env Delay

VCA Env Attack

VCA Env Decay

VCA Env Sustain

VCA Env Release

Program Volume

LFO 1 Frequency

LFO 1 Shape

LFO 1 Amount

LFO 1 Destination

LFO 1 Key Sync

LFO 2 Frequency

LFO 2 Shape

LFO 2 Amount

LFO 2 Destination

LFO 2 Key Sync

LFO 3 Frequency

LFO 3 Shape

LFO 3 Amount

LFO 3 Destination

LFO 3 Key Sync

LFO 4 Frequency

LFO 4 Shape

LFO 4 Amount

LFO 4 Destination

LFO 4 Key Sync

Env 3 Desination

Envelope 3 Amount

Envelope 3 Velocity

Envelope 3 Delay

Envelope 3 Attack

Envelope 3 Decay

Envelope 3 Sustain

Envelope 3 Sustain

Envelope 3 Repeat

Mod 1 Source

Mod 1 Amount

Mod 1 Destination

Mod 2 Source

Mod 2 Amount

Mod 2 Destination

Mod 3 Source

Mod 3 Amount

Mod 3 Destination

Mod 4 Source

Mod 4 Amount

Mod 4 Destination

Mod Wheel Amount

Mod Wheel Dest

Pressure Amount

Pressure Destination

Breath Amount

Breath Destination

Velocity Amount

Velocity Destination

Foot Control Amt

Foot Control Dest

Push It Note

Push It Velocity

Push It Mode

Clock BPM

Clock Divide

Arpeggiator Mode

Arpeggiator On/Off

Sequence Trigger

Sequencer On/Off

Seq 1 Destination

Seq 2 Destination

Seq 3 Destination

Seq 4 Destination

Seq 1 Steps 1 - 16

Seq 2 Steps 1 - 16

Seq 3 Steps 1 - 16

Seq 4 Steps 1 - 16

Edit Name

29

MIDI Implementation

Mopho receives MIDI data according to the mode controls under G

LOBAL

. In addition, there is interaction between some of the Program parameters that determine the overall response of Mopho to MIDI data.

Following are the Global parameters that affect response to MIDI:

MIDI Channel: ALL, 1…16 —

Selects the MIDI channel to send and receive data, 1 to 16. All receives on any channel.

Clock: see table —

Selects the MIDI clock status as follows:

Display MIDI Clock Setting

Internal

MIDI clock is neither sent nor received

MIDI Out

MIDI clock is sent

MIDI In

MIDI clock is received

MIDIn/Out MIDI clock is received and transmitted

MIDI Parameter Send: NRPN, CC, Off —

Changes to the values of Mopho’s front panel controls are transmitted via MIDI as Non-registered Parameter

Number (NRPN) controllers or as Continuous Controllers (CC). Transmission of parameters can also be turned off.

MIDI Parameter Receive: All, NRPN, CC, Off —

Sets the method by which

Mopho receives parameter changes via MIDI. As with transmission, NRPNs are the preferred method, though some controllers may only be able to send CCs.

MIDI Control: Off, On —

When On, the synth will respond to MIDI controllers, including Pitch Wheel, Mod Wheel, Pedal, Breath, Volume, and Expression.

MIDI SysEx: Off, On —

When On, the synth will respond to received MIDI

SysEx messages, and will transmit them, when prompted, to the MIDI Out.

MIDI Messages

System Real-time Messages

Status Description

1111 1000 MIDI Timing Clock

30

Received Channel Messages

Status Second Third Description

1000 nnnn 0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv Note Off. Velocity is ignored

1001 nnnn 0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv Note On. Note off if vvvvvvv = 0

1010 nnnn 0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv Polyphonic Key Pressure

1011 nnnn 0vvvvvvv 0vvvvvvv Control Change; see “Received Controller

Messages” table following

1100 nnnn 0ppppppp Program change, 0 — 127 for Programs 1 —

128 within current Bank

1101 nnnn 0vvvvvvv Channel Pressure

1110 nnnn 0vvvvvvv 0vvvvvvv Pitch Bend LS Byte then MS Byte

Notes: 0kkkkkkk nnnn

Note number 0 — 127

Channel number 0 to 15 (MIDI channel 1-16). Ignored if MIDI channel set to ALL

Received Controller Messages

Status

1011 nnnn

1011 nnnn

1011 nnnn

1011 nnnn

1011 nnnn

1011 nnnn

1011 nnnn

1011 nnnn

Second

1

2

4

7

74

11

32

64

Third Description

0vvvvvvv Mod Wheel — directly assignable controller

0vvvvvvv Breath Controller — directly assignable controller

0vvvvvvv Foot Controller — directly assignable controller

0vvvvvvv Volume — Combined with Master Volume and

Voice Volume

0vvvvvvv Brightness — Added to lowpass filter cutoff frequency

0vvvvvvv Expression Controller — directly assignable controller

0vvvvvvv Bank Select — 0 -2 select banks 1 - 3; others ignored

0vvvvvvv Damper pedal — holds envelopes in Sustain if

0100 0000 or higher

0vvvvvvv All Notes Off — clear all MIDI notes 1011 nnnn 123

1011 nnnn 121 0vvvvvvv Reset All Controllers — clears all MIDI controllers to 0, MIDI volume to maximum

See sections below for additional Continuous Controller (CC) and Nonregistered Parameter Number (NRPN) messages received.

Transmitted Channel Messages

Status Second

1100 nnnn 0ppppppp

Third Description

Program change, 0 — 127 for Programs 1 —

128 within current Bank

31

Transmitted Controller Messages

Status Second Third Description

1011 nnnn 0000 0111 0vvvvvvv Volume knob

1011 nnnn 0010 0000 0vvvvvvv Bank Select — 0 to 2

See sections below for additional Continuous Controller (CC) and Nonregistered Parameter Number (NRPN) messages transmitted.

Parameter

Osc 1 Frequency

Osc 1 Freq Fine

Osc 1 Shape

Glide 1

Osc 2 Frequency

Osc 2 Freq Fine

Osc 2 Shape

Glide 2

Osc Mix

Noise Level

Filter Frequency

Resonance

Filter Key Amt

Filter Audio Mod

Filter Env Amt

Filter Env Vel Amt

Filter Delay

Filter Attack

Filter Decay

Filter Sustain

Filter Release

Additional Continuous Controllers

(CCs) Transmitted/Received

The following table details how CCs are mapped onto Mopho’s controls. They are transmitted when MIDI Parameter Send is set to CC in Global, and recognized when received when MIDI Parameter Receive is set to either CC or

All in Global.

107

108

109

110

111

112

29

102

103

104

105

106

CC#

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

Parameter

VCA Level

Amp Env Amt

Amp Velocity Amt

Amp Delay

Amp Attack

Amp Decay

Amp Sustain

Amp Release

Env 3 Destination

Env 3 Amt

Env 3 Velocity Amt

Env 3 Delay

Env 3 Attack

Env 3 Decay

Env 3 Sustain

Env 3 Release

BPM

Clock Divide

76

85

86

CC#

113

115

116

117

118

119

75

87

88

89

90

77

78

14

15

32

NRPN Messages

The Non-Registered Parameter Number (NRPN) MIDI messages are used to transmit and receive both global and program parameters. They are transmitted when MIDI Parameter Send is set to NRPN in Global, and received when MIDI

Parameter Receive is set to either NRPN or All in Global.

The messages are handled in standard MIDI format using the NRPN CC commands in running status byte format. Below is the format used for transmitting a NRPN parameter:

Transmitted NRPN Messages

Status

1011 nnnn

0110 0011

0vvv vvvv

0110 0010

0vvv vvvv

0000 0110

0vvv vvvv

0010 0110

0vvv vvvv

Description

Control Change

NRPN parameter number MSB CC

Parameter Number MSB

NRPN parameter number LSB CC

Parameter Number LSB

NRPN parameter value MSB CC

Parameter value MSB

NRPN parameter value LSB CC

Parameter value LSB

The parameter number can be found in the two tables below, one for Global parameters, and the other for Program parameters. The parameter numbers and the parameter values are broken into two 7-bit bytes for MIDI transmission; the

LSB has the seven least-significant bits, and the MSB has the seven mostsignificant bits, though in most cases the MSB will be zero or one, and never more than two.

When receiving an NRPN, all messages do not necessarily need to be transmitted, since the synth will track the most recent NRPN number, though it is usually good practice to send the entire message above.

Once an NRPN is selected, the synth will also respond to NRPN Data Increment and Decrement commands, which some controllers utilize. Finally, it responds to one RPN (Registered Parameter Number) command, the RPN/NRPN Reset command, which can be handy for resetting the currently selected parameter to a known state.

33

Received NRPN Messages

Status Second Third Description

1011 nnnn 0110 0011 0vvvvvvv NRPN parameter number MSB CC

1011 nnnn 0110 0010 0vvvvvvv NRPN parameter number LSB CC

1011 nnnn 0000 0110 0vvvvvvv NRPN parameter value MSB CC

1011 nnnn 0010 0110 0vvvvvvv NRPN parameter value LSB CC

1011 nnnn 0110 0000 0xxxxxxx NRPN parameter value Increment

1011 nnnn 0110 0001 0xxxxxxx NRPN parameter value Decrement

1011 nnnn 0010 0101 0111111 RPN parameter number MSB CC — Reset

NRPN parameter number (when both MSB and

LSB received)

1011 nnnn 0010 0100 0111111 RPN parameter number LSB CC — Reset

NRPN parameter number (when both MSB and

LSB received)

Global Parameter Data

The following table shows the Global data that is sent and received on global parameter dumps, and the corresponding NRPN number when sent/received individually.

Param NRP

N

0

Range

384 0 -24

Description

Master Transpose; 0 = -12 semitones (1 octave), 12

= 0 (no transpose), and 24 = +12 semitones.

1

2

385 0- 100 Master Fine Tune; 0 = -50 cents, 50 = 0 (centered),

100 = + 50 cents

386 0 - 16 MIDI Channel; if = 0, data received on all MIDI channels. Otherwise = channel number 1 — 16.

3 388 0 - 3

4

5

6

7

390

391

394

395

0 - 2

0 - 3

0 - 1

0 - 1

MIDI clock select

0 Use Internal clock, don’t send MIDI clock

1 Use Internal clock, send MIDI clock

2 Use MIDI clock In

3 Use MIDI clock In, and retransmit MIDI clock out

Parameter Send:

0 NRPN

1 CC

2 Off

Parameter Receive:

0 All

1 NRPN only

2 CC only

3 Off

MIDI Controller Send/Receive Off/On

MIDI Sysex Send/Receive Off/On

34

8

9

405 0 - 5

406 0 - 1

Audio Out:

0 Stereo

1 Mono

MIDI Out Select:

0 MIDI Out

1 MIDI Thru

Program Parameter Data

The following table lists Mopho’s voice parameters. The parameter number in the program and edit buffer dumps are different than the NRPN numbers as seen; this was to maintain NRPN compatibility with the Prophet ’08 as much as possible.

7

8

3

4

5

6

Param

0

1

2

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

NRPN

0

1

2

3

4

114

5

6

7

8

9

115

10

11

12

93

Range Description

0 - 120 Oscillator 1 Frequency, 0 — 120 in semitones (10 octave range)

0 - 100 Oscillator 1 Fine Tune; 0 = -50 cents, 50 = 0

(centered), 100 = + 50 cents

0-103 Oscillator 1 Shape

1 Sawtooth

2 Triangle mix

4 — 103 Pulse Wave, Pulse width 0 — 99

0 - 127 Oscillator 1 Glide

0 - 1 Oscillator 1 Keyboard Off/On

0-127 Sub Oscillator 1 Level

0 - 120 Oscillator 2 Frequency, 0 — 120 in semitones (10 octave range)

0 - 100 Oscillator 2 Fine Tune; 0 = -50 cents, 50 = 0

(centered), 100 = + 50 cents

0-103 Oscillator 2 Shape

0 Oscillator Off

Sawtooth

Triangle

Sawtooth/triangle mix

4 — 103 Pulse Wave, Pulse width 0 — 99

0 - 127 Oscillator 2 Glide

0 - 1 Oscillator 2 Keyboard Off/On

0 - 127 Sub Oscillator 2 Level

0 - 1 Sync off/on

0 - 3 Glide Mode:

0 fixed rate rate

0 - 5

3 fixed time auto

Oscillator Slop

0 - 12 Pitch Bend Range

35

16

17

18

19

37

38

39

40

32

33

34

35

36

41

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

36

96

34

35

36

29

27

30

31

32

33

37

13

14

116

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

0 - 5 Key Assign Mode:

Low note priority

Low note priority with re-trigger

High note priority

High note priority with re-trigger

Last note hit priority

Last note hit priority with re-trigger

0 - 127 Oscillator 1 - 2 Mix

0 - 127 Noise Level

0 - 127 External Audio Input Level

0 - 164 Filter Frequency, steps in semitones

0 - 127 Resonance

0 - 127 Filter Keyboard Amount

0 - 127 Filter Audio Modulation

0 - 1 Filter Poles 0: 2-pole; 1: 4-pole

0 - 254 Filter Envelope Amount; -127 to +127

0 - 127 Filter Envelope Velocity Amount

0 - 127 Filter Envelope Delay

0 - 127 Filter Envelope Attack

0 - 127 Filter Envelope Decay

0 - 127 Filter Envelope Sustain

0 - 127 Filter Envelope Release

0 - 127 VCA Initial Level

0 - 127 VCA Envelope Amount

0 - 127 VCA Envelope Velocity Amount

0 - 127 VCA Envelope Delay

0 - 127 VCA Envelope Attack

0 - 127 VCA Envelope Decay

0 - 127 VCA Envelope Sustain

0 - 127 VCA Envelope Release

0 - 127 Voice Volume

0 - 166 LFO 1 Frequency; 0 — 150 unsynced frequencies

151 Sequence speed divided by 32

152 Sequence speed divided by 16

153 Sequence speed divided by 8

154 Sequence speed divided by 6

155 Sequence speed divided by 4

156 Sequence speed divided by 3

157 Sequence speed divided by 2

158 Sequence speed divided by 1.5

159 One cycle per step

160 Two cycles per three steps

161 Two cycles per step

162 One cycles per three steps

163 Four cycles per step

164 Six cycles per step

42

61

66

67

68

69

62

63

64

65

55

56

57

58

59

50

51

52

53

54

60

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

70

71

72

73

74

38

57

62

63

64

98

58

59

60

61

65

66

67

68

69

51

52

53

54

55

46

47

48

49

50

56

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

0 - 4

165 Eight cycles per step

166 Sixteen cycles per step

LFO 1 Shape

0 Triangle

2 Sawtooth

4

Random

0 - 127 LFO 1 Amount

0 - 46 LFO 1 Mod Destination; See Modulation Destination list below

0 - 1 LFO 1 Key Sync Off/On

0 - 166 LFO 2 Frequency; same as LFO 1

0 - 4 LFO 2 Shape; same as LFO 1

0 - 127 LFO 2 Amount

0 - 46 LFO 2 Mod Destination; See Modulation Destination list below

0 - 1 LFO 2 Key Sync Off/On

0 - 166 LFO 3 Frequency; same as LFO 1

0 - 4 LFO 3 Shape; same as LFO 1

0 - 127 LFO 3 Amount

0 - 46 LFO 3 Mod Destination; See Modulation Destination list below

0 - 1 LFO 3 Key Sync Off/On

0 - 166 LFO 4 Frequency; same as LFO 1

0 - 4 LFO 4 Shape; same as LFO 1

0 - 127 LFO 4 Amount

0 - 46 LFO 4 Mod Destination; See Modulation Destination list below

0 - 1 LFO 4 Key Sync Off/On

0 - 46 Envelope 3 Mod Destination; See Mod Destination list below

0 - 254 Envelope 3 Amount; -127 to +127

0 - 127 Envelope 3 Velocity Amount

0 - 127 Envelope 3 Delay

0 - 127 Envelope 3 Attack

0 - 127 Envelope 3 Decay

0 - 127 Envelope 3 Sustain

0 - 127 Envelope 3 Release

0 - 1 Envelope 3 Repeat Off/On

0 - 22 Mod 1 Source; See Modulation Source list below

0 - 254 Mod 1 Amount; -127 to +127

0 - 46 Mod 1 Destination; See Modulation Destination list below

0 - 22 Mod 2 Source; See Modulation Source list below

0 - 254 Mod 2 Amount; -127 to +127

37

92

93

94

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

95

96

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

111

112

113

91

92

0 - 46

0 - 22 Mod 3 Source; See Modulation Source list below

0 - 254 Mod3 Amount; -127 to +127

0 - 46

Mod 2 Destination; See Modulation Destination list below

Mod 3 Destination; See Modulation Destination list below

0 - 22 Mod 4 Source; See Modulation Source list below

0 - 254 Mod 4 Amount; -127 to +127

0 - 46 Mod 4 Destination; See Modulation Destination list below

0 - 254 Mod Wheel Amount; -127 to +127

0 - 43 Mod Wheel Destination; See ModDestination list below

0 - 254 Pressure Amount; -127 to +127

0 - 43 Pressure Destination; See ModDestination list below

0 - 254 Breath Amount; -127 to +127

0 - 43 Breath Destination; See ModDestination list below

0 - 254 Velocity Amount; -127 to +127

0 - 43 Velocity Destination; See ModDestination list below

0 - 254 Foot Control Amount; -127 to +127

0 - 43 Foot Control Destination; See ModDestination list below

0 - 120 Push It Switch Note Number

0 - 127 Push It Switch velocity

0 - 1 Push It Switch Mode:

0 Normal

1 Toggle

2 Audio In

30 - 250 BPM tempo

0 - 12 Clock Divide:

Half Note

Quarter Note

Eighth Note

Eighth Note half swing

Eighth Note full swing

Eighth Note triplets

Sixteenth Note

Sixteenth Note half swing

Sixteenth Note full swing

Sixteenth Note triplets

Thirty-second Notes

Thirty-second Notes triplets

Sixty-Fourth note triplets

38

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

97

100

94

101

77

78

79

0 - 3

0 - 1

0 - 5

Arpeggiator Mode:

Up

Down

Up/Down

Assign

Arpeggiator; off/on

Sequencer Trigger:

Normal

Normal, no reset

No gate

No gate/no reset key step

Audio In

Gated Sequencer; off/on 0 - 1

0 - 46 Sequence 1 Destination; See ModDestination list below

0 - 46 Sequence 1 Destination; See ModDestination list below

0 - 46 Sequence 1 Destination; See ModDestination list below

104 80

105 105

106

107

106

107

108

109—

119

108

120-135 120-135

0 - 46 Sequence 1 Destination; See ModDestination list below

0 - 183 Assignable Parameter 1

0 - 183 Assignable Parameter 1

0 - 183 Assignable Parameter 1

0 - 183 Assignable Parameter 1

Unused

0 - 127 Sequence Track1, steps 1 — 16

0 to 125: Normal sequence step value

126 Reset

127 Rest

136-151 136-151

152-167 152-167

168-183 168-183

0 - 126 Sequence Track 2, steps 1 — 16

0 to 125: Normal sequence step value

126 Reset

0 - 126 Sequence Track 3, steps 1 — 16

0 to 125: Normal sequence step value

126 Reset

0 - 126 Sequence Track 4, steps 1 — 16

0 to 125: Normal sequence step value

126 Reset

184-199 184-199 32 - 127 Name charaters 1 — 16, in ASCII format

200-255 unused

39

Value

0

1

16

17

18

19

20

21

10

11

12

13

14

15

6

7

8

9

2

3

4

5

36

37

38

39

40

41

30

31

32

33

34

35

26

27

28

29

22

23

24

25

42

43

44

The following tables list the values used with the program parameters to specify modulation destinations and sources.

Mod Destinations

Off

Osc 1 Freq

Osc 2 Freq

Osc 1 and 2 Freq

Osc Mix

Noise Level

Osc 1 Pulse Width

Osc 2 Pulse Width

Osc 1 and 2 Pulse Width

Filter Frequency

Resonance

Filter Audio Mod Amt

VCA Level

Pan Spread

LFO 1 Freq

LFO 2 Freq

LFO 3 Freq

LFO 4 Freq

All LFO Freq

LFO 1 Amt

LFO 2 Amt

LFO 3 Amt

LFO 3 Amt

All LFO Amt

Filter Env Amt

Amp Env Amt

Env 3 Amt

All Env Amounts

Env 1 Attack

Env 2 Attack

Env 3 Attack

All Env Attacks

Env 1 Decay

Env 2 Decay

Env 3 Decay

All Env Decays

Env 1 Release

Env 2 Release

Env 3 Release

All Env Releases

Mod 1 Amt

Mod 2 Amt

Mod 3 Amt

Mod 4 Amt

External Audio In Level

40

Sub Osc 1 Level

Sub Osc 2 Level

Mod Sources

Off

Sequence Track 1

Sequence Track 2

Sequence Track 3

Sequence Track 4

LFO 1

LFO 2

LFO 3

LFO 4

Filter Envelope

Amp Envelope

Envelope 3

Pitch Bend

Mod Wheel

Pressure

MIDI Breath

MIDI Foot

MIDI Expression

Velocity

Note Number

Noise

Audio In Envelope Follower

Audio In Peak Hold

Sysex Messages

45

46

18

19

20

21

22

12

13

14

15

16

17

6

7

8

9

10

11

2

3

4

5

Value

0

1

Universal System Exclusive Message (Device Inquiry)

Status Description

1111 0000 System Exclusive (SysEx)

0111 1110 Non-realtime message

0vvv vvvv If MIDI channel is set to 1-16, 0vvvvvvv must match (unless MIDI Channel

= ALL); always responds if 0vvvvvvv = 0111 1111.

0000 0110 Inquiry Message

0000 0001 Inquiry Request

1111 0111 End of Exclusive (EOX)

Mopho responds with:

Status Description

1111 0000 System Exclusive (SysEx)

0111 1110 Non-realtime message

0vvv vvvv If MIDI Channel = ALL, 0vvvvvvv = 0111 1111. Otherwise 0vvvvvvv =

Channel Number 0-15.

41

0000 0110 Inquiry Message

0000 0010 Inquiry Reply

0000 0001 DSI ID

0010 0101 Mopho ID (Family LS)

0000 0001 Family MS

0000 0000 Family Member LS

0000 0000 Family Member MS

0jjj nnnn Main Software version: jjj — Minor rev; nnnn — Major rev

0000 0000 Zero Byte

0000 0000 Zero Byte

1111 0111 End of Exclusive (EOX)

Request Program Dump

Status

1111 0000

0000 0001

Description

System Exclusive (SysEx)

DSI ID

0010 0101

0000 0101

0000 00vv

0vvv vvvv

Mopho ID

Request Program Transmit

Bank Number, 0 — 1

Program Number, 0 — 127

1111 0111 End of Exclusive (EOX)

Mopho will respond by sending out the Program Data in the format described below in Program Data Dump.

Request Program Edit Buffer Dump

Status

1111 0000

0000 0001

0010 0101

0000 0110

1111 0111

Description

System Exclusive (SysEx)

DSI ID

Mopho ID

Request Program Edit Buffer Transmit

End of Exclusive (EOX)

Mopho will respond by sending out the current Program edit buffer in the format described below in Program Edit Buffer Data Dump.

42

Request Global Parameter Dump

Status

1111 0000

0000 0001

0010 0101

0000 1110

Description

System Exclusive (SysEx)

DSI ID

Mopho ID

Request Global Parameter Transmit

1111 0111 End of Exclusive (EOX)

Mopho will respond by sending out the current values of Global Parameters in the format described below in Global Parameters Data Dump.

Program Data Dump

Status

1111 0000

0000 0001

0010 0101

0000 0010

0000 00vv

0vvv vvvv

0vvv vvvv

1111 0111

Description

System Exclusive (SysEx)

DSI ID

Mopho ID

Program Data

Bank Number, 0 — 2

Program Number, 0 — 127

256 bytes expanded to 293 MIDI bytes in “packed MS bit” format (see page 44.)

End of Exclusive (EOX)

Program Edit Buffer Data Dump

Status

1111 0000

0000 0001

0010 0101

0000 0011

0vvv vvvv

1111 0111

Description

System Exclusive (SysEx)

DSI ID

Mopho ID

Edit Buffer Data

256 bytes expanded to 293 MIDI bytes in “packed MS bit” format (see page 44.)

End of Exclusive (EOX)

43

Global Parameters Data Dump

Status

1111 0000

0000 0001

0010 0101

0000 1111

0vvv vvvv

1111 0111

Description

System Exclusive (SysEx)

DSI ID

Mopho ID

Main Parameter Data

20 nibbles (LS then MS) for 10 Global parameters. Global Parameters are listed starting on page 34.

End of Exclusive (EOX)

Note: The Global Parameters Data Dump is not recognized when received; it is only transmitted when requested. NRPN messages are used to change Globals.

Packed Data Format

Data is packed in 8 byte “packets”, with the MS bit stripped from 7 parameter bytes, and packed into an eighth byte, which is sent at the start of the 8 byte packet.

Example:

Input Data

1 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0

2 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0

3 C7 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 C0

4 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

5 E7 E6 E5 E4 E3 E2 E1 E0

6 F7 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 F0

7 G7 G6 G5 G4 G3 G2 G1 G0

Packed MIDI data

1 00 G7 F7 E7 D7 C7 B7 A7

2 00 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0

3 00 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0

4 00 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 C0

5 00 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

6 00 E6 E5 E4 E3 E2 E1 E0

7 00 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 F0

8 00 G6 G5 G4 G3 G2 G1 G0

This explains why it takes 293 MIDI bytes to transmit 256 Program data bytes.

Hidden Function

Hold the A

SSIGN

P

ARAMETER

switch and hit the +/increment switch to calibrate the low-pass filter and analog oscillator waveshapes. This should not be necessary for normal operation.

44

Dave Smith Instruments

1590 Sylvaner Avenue

Saint Helena, CA 94574-2340

USA www.DaveSmithInstruments.com

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