Test Equipment Solutions Ltd specialise in the second user sale, rental and distribution of quality test & measurement (T&M) equipment. We stock all major equipment types such as spectrum analyzers, signal generators, oscilloscopes, power meters, logic analysers etc from all the major suppliers such as Agilent, Tektronix, Anritsu and Rohde & Schwarz.
We are focused at the professional end of the marketplace, primarily working with customers for whom high performance, quality and service are key, whilst realising the cost savings that second user equipment offers. As such, we fully test & refurbish equipment in our in-house, traceable Lab. Items are supplied with manuals, accessories and typically a full no-quibble 2 year warranty. Our staff have extensive backgrounds in T&M, totalling over 150 years of combined experience, which enables us to deliver industry-leading service and support. We endeavour to be customer focused in every way right down to the detail, such as offering free delivery on sales, covering the cost of warranty returns BOTH ways (plus supplying a loan unit, if available) and supplying a free business tool with every order.
As well as the headline benefit of cost saving, second user offers shorter lead times, higher reliability and multivendor solutions. Rental, of course, is ideal for shorter term needs and offers fast delivery,
-before-you-buy, zero capital expenditure, lower risk and off balance sheet accounting. Both second user and rental improve the key business measure of
Return On Capital Employed.
We are based near Heathrow Airport in the UK from where we supply test equipment worldwide. Our facility incorporates Sales, Support, Admin, Logistics and our own in-house
Lab.
All products supplied by Test Equipment Solutions include:
- No-quibble parts & labour warranty (we provide transport for UK mainland addresses).
- Free loan equipment during warranty repair, if available.
- Full electrical, mechanical and safety refurbishment in our in-house Lab.
- Certificate of Conformance (calibration available on request).
- Manuals and accessories required for normal operation.
- Free insured delivery to your UK mainland address (sales).
- Support from our team of seasoned Test & Measurement engineers.
- ISO9001 quality assurance.
Test equipment Solutions Ltd
Unit 8 Elder Way
Waterside Drive
Langley
Berkshire
SL3 6EP
T: +44 (0)1753 596000
F: +44 (0)1753 596001
Email:
Web:
Audio signal processing is nowadays no longer conceivable without the use of digital techniques. Yet, analog technology continues to exist and undergoes constant improvement. State-ofthe-art measuring instruments must therefore be able to handle both analog and digital signal processing.
Audio Analyzer UPD performs practically all types of audio measurement, from frequency response measurements through to externally controlled sweeps with reference traces, determination of
3rd-order difference frequency distortion, spectral display of demodulated wow and flutter signals, etc. In contrast to many other audio analyzers, UPD is capable of performing real dual-channel measurements in the audio-frequency range, ie there is no need for switchover between two inputs and this type of measurement is not limited to a few special cases.
The generator is every bit as versatile: it supplies any conceivable signal from sinewave and noise signals through to multi-sinewave signals comprising up to
7400 frequencies.
In addition to all this, UPD features excellent technical data: analog sinewave generation with harmonics of typ.
−
120 dB, spectrum displays with a noise floor below
−
140 dB for analog and
−
160 dB for digital interfaces, FFT with a maximum frequency resolution of
0.02 Hz, etc.
UPD provides signal monitoring via loudspeaker, jitter measurements on digital audio signals, resynchronization of jittered digital audio signals by means of a jitter-free clock signal, and many more features.
UPD performs all measurements using digital signal processing. Analog signals to be tested undergo elaborate preprocessing before they are digitized and measured by means of digital routines. For example, in THD measurements, the fundamental is attenuated by means of a notch filter and the residual signal amplified by 30 dB before it is digitized. In this way, the dynamic range can be extended beyond that offered by the internal converter. This provides sufficient margin for measuring converters of the future, which will be technically more advanced than those of present-day technology (see graph on the right). This concept guarantees performance and flexibility by far superior to instruments providing purely analog or digital measurements.
The above measurement concept offers many other advantages over merely analog concepts:
• The test routines for analog and digital interfaces are identical. This allows, for instance, the direct comparison of IMD measurements made ahead of and after a converter
• In intermodulation measurements, spurious components are measured selectively for all frequencies in accordance with the mathematical formula of the relevant test standards. This procedure avoids the measurement of adjacent components along with the spuria, which is usually inevitable with analog test methods
Performance
Digital measurements
Analog measurements
Digital analysis and analog preprocessing
Nobody can accurately predict today what effects future developments in digital technology will have on the audio world and what will be the resulting test requirements. This is however no problem for Audio Analyzer UPD. Since all test functions are implemented digitally,
UPD can be adapted to changing requirements by simply loading the necessary software – and this also for the analog interfaces.
And one more thing: Rohde & Schwarz is the only manufacturer to equip its audio analyzers with 32-bit floatingpoint signal processors throughout, thus offering plenty of reserves beyond the limits of today’s common 24-bit technology.
The intelligent combination of analog and digital measurement techniques paves the way for future applications
• All test functions are available both on the analog and the digital interfaces. This makes it possible to measure at any point of a common analog and digital transmission path. Only this ensures efficient and complete testing
• The filters, too, are implemented digitally, resulting in an infinite number of filters as it were, and this also for measurements on analog interfaces. Simply choose the type of filter (eg highpass), cutoff frequency and attenuation: that’s all you have to do to loop a new filter into the test path
• Measurement speed is as a rule higher than with analog techniques since digital test routines can adapt their speed to the input frequency. And – last but not least:
• Operation is the same for the analog and the digital interfaces. A feature that should not be underestimated
Certified Quality System
ISO 9001
DQS REG. NO 1954-04
The name of Rohde & Schwarz stands for excellent quality – thousands of audio analyzers have proven records at satisfied customers and have been in operation successfully for many years.
As a competent partner we shall be pleased to advise you on the optimum use of our instruments. Our representatives are available for you all over the world, and our customer support center and application engineers in Munich help you find the right solution to your measurement tasks. In addition, you will find a wealth of proposals and solutions in our application notes and software.
Naturally, Rohde & Schwarz instruments are certified in compliance with
ISO 9001 and ISO 14001.
Audio Analyzer UPD
3
Fig. 1: Automatic marking of harmonics in THD+N measurements makes nonharmonics visible at a glance
Fig. 2: In THD measurements, single harmonics, all harmonics or any combination of harmonics can be measured
Fig. 3: The waveform function displays the test signal in the time domain. The example shows a sinewave burst
Fig. 4: The transient characteristics of an AGC play an important role in testing hearing aids or automatic volume control on tape recorders
The generators of UPD supply an extremely wide variety of analog and digital test signals:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sinewaves
for level and harmonic distortion measurements. The signal can be applied to an equalizer with userselectable nominal frequency response, eg for compensating the frequency response of the test assembly
Two-tone signal
for modulation distortion analysis.
Various amplitude ratios can be selected and the frequencies are continuously adjustable
Difference tone signal
for intermodulation measurements with continuous setting of both frequencies
Multitone signal
comprising up to 17 sinewaves of any frequency and with the same or different amplitude; setting the phase is also possible
Sine burst signal
with adjustable interval and ontime as well as programmable low level, eg for testing AGCs
Sine
2
burst
also with adjustable interval and on-time, eg for testing rms rectifier circuits
Special multitone signal
comprising up to 7400 frequencies with selectable amplitude distribution. The frequency spacing can be linked to the resolution used for the fast Fourier transform, thus enabling rapid and precise singleshot measurements of the frequency response of a DUT
•
•
•
•
•
•
Squarewave
as an ideal signal for measuring the transient response of a DUT
Signal for dynamic intermodulation measurement (DIM)
consisting of a squarewave and a sinewave signal with a level ratio of 4:1
Noise
with a variety of amplitude probability distributions, eg for acoustic measurements; crest factor can be set
Arbitrary waveforms
for generating any voltage curve of up to 16k points
AM and FM
for sinewave signals
DC
also with sweep function
Signals can be generated with an offset. Moreover, digital audio signals can be dithered with adjustable level and selectable amplitude distribution.
UPD offers a wealth of measurement functions both for analog and digital interfaces.
•
•
Level or S/N
with rms, peak or quasi-peak weighting; high measurement speeds due to automatic adaptation of integration times to input signal
Selective level
The center frequency of the bandpass filter can be swept or coupled to the generator frequency, to the frequencies of a multitone signal
(eg for fast frequency response measurements) or to the input signal
4
Audio Analyzer UPD
•
•
•
•
SINAD or THD+N
The sum of all harmonics and noise is measured (Fig. 1)
Total harmonic distortion (THD)
Individual harmonics, all the harmonics or any combination of harmonics can be measured (Fig. 2)
Modulation distortion
to DIN-IEC 268-3; 2nd and 3rd order intermodulation is measured
Intermodulation
using the difference tone method.
2nd and 3rd order intermodulation is measured
•
Dynamic intermodulation measurement
on the products specified by
DIN-IEC
Wow and flutter
• to DIN-IEC, NAB, JIS or the
2-sigma method to DIN-IEC where the demodulated-signal spectrum is also displayed
• DC voltage
• Frequency, phase and group delay
•
Polarity
signal paths are checked for reversed polarity
•
•
•
Crosstalk
Waveform function
for representing the test signal in the time domain (Fig. 3). Waveforms can be smoothed by interpolation.
Slow sequences can be displayed compressed, eg for analyzing the transient response of compander or
AGC circuits (Fig. 4)
Coherence and transfer functions
for determining the transfer characteristics of complex test signals
Tests on hi-fi components call for increasingly complex measurement techniques. Results obtained in the test lab must be verified in production, where as a rule not the whole range of test functions is needed. Audio Analyzer UPD and its „little brother“ UPL complement each other. The operating concept of the two units based on the same
IEC/IEEE-bus commands is identical, so there is no problem using them jointly
5
Fig. 5: FFT spectrum of two-tone signal shown on full screen
Fig. 6: With the zoom FFT function, sidebands spaced only a few hertz from the signal can be displayed
Fig. 7: Filters can be defined by entering just a few parameters
With its FFT analyzer, UPD is also capable of spectrum analysis. The number of samples for fast Fourier transform can be selected between
256 and 16k in binary steps (Fig. 5). A special feature is zoom FFT. The signal to be measured is digitally preprocessed to increase the frequency resolution by a factor of 2 to 256 over a selectable range. In this way, a maximum resolution of 0.02 Hz is attained.
It should be emphasized that this is not just a scale expansion but the measurement is really made at a higher resolution (Fig. 6).
In measurements of external signals, these can be used for analyzer sweeps
(external sweeps). Many different start conditions can be set, allowing measurements to be triggered by a variety of events. Results will be stable even for
DUTs with unknown or unstable transient response thanks to the settling function.
The filters of UPD are software-implemented so that the user can define any number of filters. The most common weighting filters are provided as standard. Further filters can be programmed in a few seconds by entering the type (lowpass, highpass, bandpass, bandstop, notch, third octave or octave), frequency and attenuation
(Fig. 7). The instrument’s open architecture shows its strength in particular where special requirements have to be met: special filters can be implemented using commercial filter design programs. The data are transferred to
UPD and the created filter is looped into the signal path.
For continuous variation of the test signals, UPD offers amplitude and frequency sweeps and for bursts additionally sweeps of interval and on-time.
Sweeps are defined either by means of a table or via parameters such as start value, number of steps, linear/ log stepping or time interval. It is also possible to sweep two variables simultaneously.
Fig. 8: Tolerance curves enable fast go/nogo tests
6
Audio Analyzer UPD
Audio Analyzer UPD is a compact unit with an integrated controller. It avoids the disadvantages of external PC control, which is found in other audio analyzers.
The instrument is easy to transport as it requires no external equipment such as keyboard, monitor or other PC peripherals.
UPD is supplied ready for use. Installation is nothing more than unpacking the unit and switching it on for starting the measurement. The user is not burdened with problems that cropped up in the past with the installation of interface cards or PC software.
With audio analyzers controlled from an external PC, interference may be radiated from the PC, monitor or interface connections, which distorts measurement results. Not so with UPD: the instrument has specified EMC characteristics which also include the internal
PC. In contrast to conventional PCs,
UPD features elaborate screening such as magnetically shielded power transformers and coated filter pane in front of the display.
And a real boon: the price of UPD includes the internal PC.
• Built-in hard disk and disk drive
• Connectors for keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer and plotter
• Centronics interface for connecting printer or network
• Drivers for commercial printers are supplied as standard
• Remote control via IEC/IEEE bus
• Postprocessing of results directly in
UPD using standard software
• All results available in the common data formats, making it easy to import graphics into documents, for example
• Easy loading of function and software extensions via floppy disk
• Automatic test sequences and measurement programs with universal sequence controller. Easy generation of programs with built-in program generator
Block diagram of UPD balanced unbalanced serial parallel serial parallel balanced unbalanced
Analog preprocessing
Digital analysis
Analyzers
High speed option
AES/EBU option
Digital signal generation
Analog output
Generators
Low distortion generator
(option)
Audio monitor
(option)
3 1/2" floppy drive
Centronics
I/O interface
RS-232
Hard disk
= AT slot
RS-232
Keyboard Ext. monitor
(optional)
(optional)
IEC/IEEE bus
(option)
Audio Analyzer UPD
7
Fig. 9: Individual interference components can easily be found with the aid of the jitter spectrum
Fig. 10: Display of jitter signal in time domain
Fig. 11: Complete measured-value tables can be output for all functions
Fig. 12: UPD generates and analyzes additional data in digital data streams in line with all common standards. The data are represented in binary form, as hexadecimal numbers, as ASCII characters or evaluated in consumer or professional format
Analog interfaces
• Balanced inputs and outputs with high common-mode rejection and various impedances commonly used in the studio. Measurements can be made on lines with phantom feed
• Unbalanced inputs and outputs, floating (eg to prevent hum loops)
• The generator outputs can be internally connected to the analyzer inputs so that different types of measurement can be made without the need for changing the cabling
• The format of the generated channel status data may be professional or consumer irrespective of the selected interface
• The clock rates of the analyzer and generator are independent of each other. This allows measurements on sample rate converters
• The word length can be selected between 8 and 24 bits independently for generator and analyzer
Programmable digital audio interfaces
• Parallel inputs and outputs for connecting modules or converters with parallel interface
• Serial inputs and outputs for adapting modules with a non-standard serial interface or audio chips. This interface is user-programmable, ie by selecting the word length, clock polarity, position of sync pulse, etc, it can be matched to almost any serial format, eg also to I
2
S bus
• Word lengths up to 32 bits with max. 28 audio bits open up a wide application range. Clock rates up to 1 MHz (word clock) can be processed
Standardized digital audio interfaces
(option UPD-B2)
• Balanced (XLR), unbalanced (BNC) and optical (TOSLINK) inputs and outputs for connecting consumer electronics and professional studio equipment
• The levels of the balanced and unbalanced outputs are adjustable so that the sensitivity of digital audio inputs can be determined
• Analysis of channel status and user data. The data are output in binary form, as hexadecimal numbers, as
ASCII characters or, in the case of channel status data, evaluated in the professional or consumer format to AES 3 or IEC 958 (Fig. 12)
8
Audio Analyzer UPD
• Generation of channel status data, user data and validity bits.
Channel status data can be entered in binary form or via panel to
AES 3 or IEC 958 in the professional or consumer format
• Any bits can be combined under a symbolic name. In this way, data input and representation can easily be adapted to customer requirements
• Simultaneous measurement of clock rate and display of interface errors (such as parity error)
• Generation of parity and CRC errors, etc, for testing input circuits
• An additional high-impedance input permits measurements to be performed without opening the signal path
Jitter and interface tests
(option UPD-B22)
With this option, the physical parameters of digital audio interfaces can be examined. UPD-B22 extends the functions of option UPD-B2
Digital components of various data formats and clock rates are the stock-in-trade of professional users. They call for a measuring instrument offering top performance at all interfaces at high accuracy and over a wide dynamic range. Operation is identical for analog and digital interfaces, which enhances operator convenience. Fast fault diagnosis is possible by means of stored test routines, allowing the elimination of problems immediately before transmission
Signal analysis:
• Measurement of jitter amplitude and display of jitter signal in the frequency and time domain
(Figs 9 and 10)
• UPD generates bit- or word-synchronous sync signals that allow the accurate display of digital audio signals on an oscilloscope
(preamble, eye pattern, signal symmetry, superimposed noise, etc)
• Measurement of input pulse amplitude and sampling frequency
• Measurement of phase difference between audio and reference input signal
• Analysis of common-mode signal of balanced input (frequency, amplitude, spectrum, etc.)
Signal generation:
• The clock of the output signal can be “jittered“ by superimposing a sinewave or noise signal of variable amplitude
• An input signal with jitter can be output jitter-free
• A common-mode signal can be superimposed on the balanced output signal
• Long cables can be simulated by means of a switchable cable simulator
• The phase shift between the digital audio output and the reference output can be varied
• A reference (XLR) input and a synchronization (BNC) input provided on the rear panel allow the generator to be synchronized to the digital audio reference signal to
AES 11, word clock, video sync signals (PAL, SECAM, NTSC) and to 1024 kHz reference clocks
• Generation of variable clock signals from 30 kHz to 52.5 kHz, also for operating UPD-B2
• Adjustable pulse amplitude
Audio Analyzer UPD
9
UPD offers a variety of help functions to provide optimum support for the user:
HELP function
HELP information in German or English can be called for each input field.
SHOW I/O key
If no results can be displayed, eg because no input signal or an incorrect input signal is present, information on possible causes will appear upon pressing SHOW I/O. Moreover, the input and output configuration will be displayed.
Info boxes
These highlighted boxes inform the user of any incorrect settings.
Online help
The permissible range of values is indicated for each menu item requiring the entry of a numerical value. This range takes into account any limitations resulting from related parameters, eg the sample rate in the case of measurements on digital interfaces.
Protection against illegal entries
UPD will not accept entries outside the permissible range. An alarm tone will be issued and the value changed to the permissible minimum or maximum value.
• Related functions and settings are combined in panels that can be called at a keystroke. Up to three panels can be displayed at a time
• The operator is not burdened with unnecessary information. Only the parameters and settings needed for a given application are displayed – the others are available in the background. For example, the sweep parameters are transferred to the generator panel and displayed only when the sweep function is activated
• Fast access to frequently used instrument setups and a comprehensive library of standard measurements simplify familiarization with the instrument
• Uncomplicated entries: the user simply needs to open a menu and make an entry or selection
• Continuous status information on generator, analyzer and sweep
• Rapid operating sequences through the use of softkeys, eg for graphical representations
• The user can choose between operation via mouse, external keyboard or front panel. This choice makes sense since the working space required by a mouse is not always available
• Short learning time thanks to an easy-to-understand operating concept treating analog and digital measurements in the same way
10
Audio Analyzer UPD
• Real-time display of results for one or both channels and several test functions
• Simultaneous display of frequency and phase
• With graphics, results can be read off with vertical and horizontal cursors. Tolerance curves or stored results can be added for comparison
• Sets of traces can be displayed, stored and evaluated for both channels
• Graphics modes range from traces and bargraphs through spectrum display to three-dimensional waterfalls
It is often the case that only a few parameters need to be modified after a measurement sequence has been started. Therefore, entry lines can be selected from the input panels for the generator, analyzer, etc, by marking them with a tick. They are then transferred to a status panel. The status panel thus gives a summary of parameters for a measurement routine, which offers the following advantages:
• Instrument settings can be displayed together with graphical and numerical results
• All important information can be printed on a single hardcopy
• Instrument settings can be modified quickly without changing panels as
UPD can also be operated from the status panel
Audio Analyzer UPD
11
In designing Audio Analyzer UPD, particular emphasis was placed on optimizing the measurement speed of the test system as a whole:
• All operations involving elaborate computing are carried out by digital signal processors. The PC is merely used for control of the unit and display of results
• UPD can perform even complex test functions simultaneously on both channels with the built-in highspeed option UPD-B3. This feature alone reduces the time for stereo measurements by 50% compared with most analyzers available on the market
• The digital test routine adapts its speed optimally to the input frequency. This enhances measurement speed especially in the case of frequency sweeps
• UPD performs harmonic distortion and IMD measurements using patented, digital test procedures that combine high accuracy with high measurement speed
• Digital signal processing reduces setting and transient times achievable with purely analog instruments. These times are also taken into account in the test routines, yielding stable measurements without the need for activating settling functions (these are understood to be repeated measurements until results are within a tolerance band)
• User interface tailored to the requirements of a test, not of an office environment
• Display windows not needed can be switched off, which also cuts down the processing time
Instruments to be used in production tests must satisfy a variety of requirements:
• High measurement speed is vital for achieving a high production throughput. By making appropriate use of the instrument functions, go/nogo decisions can be made already in the audio analyzer, thus reducing the run time of a DUT
(Fig. 8)
• Two-channel measurements allow the simultaneous and thus timesaving determination of input and output characteristics
• The use of FFT analysis provides a decisive advantage especially in the case of frequency response measurements, which are particularly time-critical
• Long calibration intervals, resulting from the extensive use of digital circuits, make for high availability of the instrument
• Remote-control capability via the
IEC/IEEE bus is a must in large-scale production systems. In the design of
Audio Analyzer UPD, special importance was attached to data transfer via the IEC/IEEE bus. The logging mode can be used to speed up the generation of control programs for the IEC/IEEE bus. With the program generator provided in UPD-K1, it is no longer necessary to look up IEC/
IEEE-bus commands
12
Audio Analyzer UPD
Low distortion generator
The low distortion generator is essential for all applications requiring extremely pure analog signals or generation of an analog DIM signal.
Its inherent distortion is well below that of the built-in universal generator which already has excellent specifications.
Audio monitor
The optional Audio Monitor UPD-B5 adds a headphones output and a builtin loudspeaker to UPD. During rms measurements in the frequency range up to 20 kHz, the input signal and the filtered signal can be monitored at the interfaces of the analog analyzer and the AES/EBU option.
UPD-B5 is also provided with four TTL inputs and eight TTL outputs which can be used for instance for switching checkpoint selectors.
AES/EBU interface
This interface option (UPD-B2) contains the AES/EBU, the S/P DIF and the optical interfaces. An additional signal processor on the PCB permits also user bits, status bits, parity and
CRC errors, etc, to be generated and analyzed in addition to audio data.
Input and display masks can be userdefined with the aid of configuration files for adapting the interface to any protocol. Ready-made masks are available for protocols to AES3 or consumer format. The output level of the interface can be programmed. An additional high-impedance input enables measurements without opening the signal path.
IEC/IEEE-bus option
IEC-625/IEEE-488 bus Interface
UPD-B4 enables remote control of UPD to IEC 625/IEEE 488. The employed commands largely meet SCPI standards.
Option UPD-B22 permits also the physical parameters of the serial bit stream of the digital audio interface to be investigated (for details refer to page 9).
High-speed option
UPD was designed for high measurement speed. For this reason all analog switching circuits are provided with two channels. Operations for the two measurement channels are calculated in time multiplex. If higher measurement speed is needed – eg in production – the optional High speed Extension UPD-B3 can be used. With the aid of this option digital processing too is performed in parallel for the two channels.
Universal sequence controller
This option (UPD-K1) allows measurement sequences to be generated and executed, thus turning UPD into an automatic test system. Programming of measurement sequences is greatly facilitated by the built-in program generator:
Each manual control step is recorded in the logging mode and translated into a complete line of the sequence program with correct syntax, ie test sequences can be programmed without a single line to be typed by the user. The program thus generated does not just give the sequence of keys to be pressed but contains the instructions in easy-to-read IEC/IEEE-bus syntax according to SCPI. BASIC commands can then be used to modify the program, eg for branching or graphic outputs.
Complete application programs based on the universal sequence controller are available to the user for measurements on CD players, tuners, etc.
With the IEC/IEEE-bus option
(UPD-B4) fitted, the universal sequence controller can also be used for remote control of external IEC/IEEE-bus equipment. Moreover, programs generated on UPD can be transferred after slight modifications to an external controller for the remote control of UPD. This greatly facilitates the generation of remote-control programs.
Automatic line measurement
Option UPD-K33 serves for automatic measurements of all relevant parameters of broadcast links according to
ITU-T O.33. Generator and analyzer are normally located at different sites.
They are synchronized with the aid of
FSK signals. The operator may utilize the standard sequences defined by
ITU-T O.33 or prepare his own.
Option UPD-K1is needed for the use of
UPD-K33.
Audio Analyzer UPD
13
Data without tolerances are typical values
Three analyzers differing in bandwidth, specifications and measurement functions are available for analog measurements.
Analyzer
ANLG 22 kHz
ANLG 100 kHz
ANLG 300 kHz
Voltage measurement ranges
Measurement accuracy
Frequency response
1)
Frequency range
2 Hz/10 Hz to 21.90 kHz
20 Hz to 100 kHz
50 Hz to 300 kHz
5 dB steps for V in
>300 mV,
10 dB steps for V in
<300 mV
±
0.05 dB at 1 kHz (sine, rms)
20 Hz to 22 kHz
10 Hz to 20Hz
22 kHz to 50 kHz
50 kHz to 100 kHz
100 kHz to 300 kHz
±
0.03 dB
±
0.15 dB
±
0.1 dB
±
0.2 dB
±
1.0 dB
Inputs
Balanced
Voltage range
Input impedance
Crosstalk attenuation
Common mode rejection (V in
<
3 V)
Common mode voltage (V
P
)
2 independent channels
XLR connectors (female), floating
0.1
µ
V to 35 V (rms, sine)
300
Ω
, 600
Ω
, 20 k
Ω ±
0.5% each, one value <20 k
Ω specified by user
(ready for installation), parallel 200 pF
>
120 dB, frequency
<
22 kHz
>
110 dB at 50 Hz,
>
86 dB at 1 kHz,
>
60 dB at 16 kHz max. 50 V (safety regulation), protected by surge protector
Unbalanced
Voltage range
Input impedance
Crosstalk attenuation
Common mode rejection (V in
<
3 V)
Common mode voltage (V
P
)
Generator output
2 independent channels
BNC connectors (female), floating/ grounded switchable
0.1
µ
V to 300 V (rms, sine)
1 M
Ω | |
200pF
>
120 dB, frequency
<
22 kHz
>
110 dB at 50 Hz,
>
86 dB at 1 kHz,
>
60 dB at 16 kHz max. 50 V (safety regulation), protected by surge protector each input switchable to any output, input impedance: balanced 200 k
Ω
, unbalanced 100 k
Ω
Measurement functions
RMS value, wideband
Measurement accuracy
Measurement speed
AUTO
AUTO FAST
±
0.05 dB at 1 kHz, sine
±
0.1 dB additional error
Integration time
AUTO FAST
AUTO
VALUE
Noise (600
Ω
) with A weighting filter with CCIR unweighting filter
Filter
Spectrum
RMS value, selective
Bandwidth (–0.1 dB)
Selectivity
Frequency setting
Measurement accuracy
Peak value
Measurement
Measurement accuracy
Interval
Filters
Quasi-peak
Measurement, accuracy
Noise (600
Ω
)
Filter
DC voltage
Voltage range
Measurement accuracy
Measurement range
S/N measurement routine
FFT analysis
Total harmonic distortion (THD)
Fundamental
Frequency tuning
4.2 ms, at least 1 cycle
42 ms, at least 1 cycle
1 ms to 10 s
1
µ
V
<
2
µ
V (typ. 1.6
µ
V) weighting and user-definable filters, up to 4 filters combinable additional analog notch filter (dynamic range expanded by up to 30 dB) post-FFT of filtered signal
1%, 3%, 1/12 octave, 1/3 octave and user-selectable fixed bandwidth, minimum bandwidth 20 Hz
100 dB, bandpass or bandstop filter,
8th order filter, elliptical
– automatic to input signal
– coupled to generator
– fixed through entered value
– sweep in user-selectable range
±
0.2 dB + ripple of filters with analyzer ANLG 22 kHz only peak max, peak min, peak-to-peak, peak absolute
±
0.2 dB at 1 kHz
20 ms to 10 s weighting filters and user-definable filters, up to 3 filters combinable with analyzer ANLG 22 kHz only to CCIR 468-4
<
8
µ
V with CCIR weighting filter weighting and user-definable filters, up to 3 filters combinable, analog notch filter in addition
0 to
±
300 V unbalanced
0 to
±
35 V balanced
±
(1.5% + 2 mV)
100 mV to 300 V (balanced 30 V),
10 dB steps available for measurement functions
– rms, wideband
– peak
– quasi-peak indication of S/N ratio in dB, no post-FFT see FFT analyzer section
6 Hz to 110 kHz
– automatic to input signal
– coupled to generator
– fixed through entered value any combination of d
2
to d
9, up to max. 300 kHz
±
0.5 dB
±
0.7 dB
±
1.5 dB
1)
Relative to 1 kHz, sine, rms.
Additional error
±
0.1 dB for voltages >60 V unbalanced (>10 V balanced) and frequencies >50 kHz.
For analyzer ANLG 22 kHz with lower measurement limit 2 Hz
(min. freq. 2 Hz):
±
0.03 dB from 10 Hz to 22 kHz,
±
0.05 dB from 2 Hz to 10 Hz.
Weighted harmonics
Measurement accuracy, harmonics
<
50 kHz
<
100 kHz
<
300 kHz
14
Audio Analyzer UPD
Inherent distortion
1)
Analyzer ANLG 22 kHz
Fundamental >100 Hz
20 Hz to 100 Hz
10 Hz to 20 Hz
Analyzer ANLG 100 kHz
Fundamental 50 Hz to 20 kHz
20 kHz to 50 kHz
Analyzer ANLG 300 kHz
Fundamental 130 Hz to 20 kHz
20 kHz to 50 kHz
50 kHz to 110 kHz
Spectrum
<
–110 dB, typ. –115 dB
<
–100 dB
<
–96 dB
<
–97 dB, typ. –105 dB
<
–92 dB
<
–97 dB, typ. –105 dB
<
–92 dB
<
–86 dB bar chart showing signal and distortion
THD+N and SINAD
Fundamental
Frequency tuning
Input voltage
Bandwidth
20 Hz to 110 kHz
– automatic to input signal
– coupled to generator
– fixed through entered value
>
100
µ
V typ. with automatic tuning upper and lower frequency limit selectable, one additional weighting filter
Measurement accuracy
Bandwidth
<
50 kHz
<
100 kHz
<300 kHz
±
0.5 dB
±
0.7 dB
±
1.5 dB
Inherent distortion
2)
Analyzer ANLG 22 kHz
Bandwidth 20 Hz to 21.90 kHz typ. –110 dB at 1 kHz, 2.5 V
<
–105 dB +2
µ
V typ. –108 dB +1.5
µ
V
3)
Analyzer ANLG 100 kHz
Bandwidth 142 Hz to 22 kHz
142 Hz to 100 kHz
<
–95 dB + 2.5
µ
V, typ. –100 dB +1.75
µ
V
<
–88 dB + 5
µ
V, typ. –95 dB + 3.5
µ
V
Analyzer ANLG 300 kHz
Bandwidth 427 Hz to 22 kHz
427 Hz to 100 kHz
427 Hz to 300 kHz
<
–97 dB + 2.5
µ
V, typ. –100 dB +1.75
µ
V
<
–90 dB + 5
µ
V, typ. –95 dB + 3.5
µ
V
<
–85 dB + 10
µ
V, typ. –92 dB + 7
µ
V
Spectrum post-FFT of filtered signal
Modulation factor (MOD DIST)
Measurement method
Frequency range lower frequency upper frequency
Measurement accuracy
Inherent distortion
5)
Upper frequency 4 to 15 kHz
15 to 20 kHz
Spectrum selective to DIN-IEC 268-3
30 to 1200 Hz
8xLF to 100 kHz
4)
±
0.50 dB
<
–96 dB (–90 dB), typ. –103 dB
<
–96 dB (–85 dB) bar chart showing signal and distortion
Difference frequency distortion (DFD)
Measurement method selective to DIN-IEC 268-3 or 118
Frequency range difference frequency 80 Hz to 1 kHz center frequency 200 Hz to 100 kHz
6)
Measurement accuracy
Inherent distortion
Spectrum
7)
DFD d
DFD d
2
3
±
0.50 dB, center frequency
<
20 kHz
<
–115 dB, typ. –125 dB
<
–96 dB, typ. –105 dB bar chart showing signal and distortion
Dynamic intermodulation distortion
(DIM)
Measurement method
Test signal
Measurement accuracy
Inherent distortion
Spectrum
8) with analyzer ANLG 22 kHz only selective weighting of all 9 interference lines to DIN-IEC 268-3 square/sine 3.15 kHz/15 kHz or 2.96 kHz/14 kHz, frequency tolerance ±3%, any square/sine amplitude ratio
(standard 4:1)
±1 dB
<–80 dB, typ. –90 dB bar chart showing signal and distortion
Wow and flutter
Measurement method
Weighting filter OFF
ON
Measurement accuracy
Inherent noise
Spectrum with analyzer ANLG 22 kHz only
DIN-IEC, NAB, JIS,
2-sigma to IEC-386 highpass 0.5 Hz, bandwidth 600 Hz bandpass 4 Hz to IEC-386
±
3%
<
0.0005% weighted
<
0.001% unweighted post-FFT of demodulated signal
Time domain display (WAVEFORM)
Trigger
Trigger level rising/falling edge
–300 V to +300 V, interpolated between samples
Standard mode
Trace length
Interpolation
Enhanced mode
Trace length
Compressed mode max. 7424 points
1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 single channel max. 65530 points
2- to 1024-fold compression (envelope for AGC measurement), with analyzer
ANLG 22 kHz only
Coherence and transfer function
Frequency range
Frequency resolution
Averaging
FFT length
Frequency
Frequency range
Accuracy
Input voltage with analyzer ANLG 22 kHz only
DC to 21.9 kHz from 5.86 Hz
2 to 2048
256, 512, 1 k, 2 k, 4 k, 8 k points
2 Hz to 300 kHz
±50 ppm
>5mV
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Total inherent distortion of analyzer and generator (with option UPD-B1), analyzer with dynamic mode precision
>
10 V: typ. 3 dB lower;
<
0.5 V: sensitivity reduced by inherent noise
(typ. 0.25/1.25/2.5
µ
V with analyzers ANLG 22/100/300 kHz).
Total inherent distortion of analyzer and generator (with option UPD-B1), analyzer with dynamic mode precision, fundamental <100 kHz.
At full-scale measurement range (
<
–100 dB + 2
µ
V with auto range).
<–100 dB +2
µ
V for fundamental<100 Hz.
<
–100 dB for input voltage
>
5 V.
For upper frequency
>
20 kHz the bottom limit of the lower frequency is reduced.
Input voltage
>
200 mV, typical values apply between 0.5 and 5 V.
Lower frequency
>
200 Hz, values in ( ) for lower frequency
<
200 Hz.
Dynamic mode precision; level ratio LF:UF = 4:1.
6)
7)
8)
For center frequency
>
20 kHz the bottom limit of the difference frequency is reduced.
Input voltage
>
200 mV, typical values apply between 0.5 V and 5 V, dynamic mode precision (at DFD d
2
), center frequeny 5 kHz to 20 kHz.
Input voltage >200 mV, typical values apply between 0.5 V and 5 V. Total inherent distortion of analyzer and generator at full-scale measurement range.
Audio Analyzer UPD
15
Phase
Accuracy at 1 kHz
20 Hz to 25 kHz
1)
10 Hz to 20 Hz
25 kHz to 100 kHz
Input voltage
Display range
Group delay
Frequency range
Accuracy in seconds
Polarity test
Measurement
Display
±0.1° typ.
±0.4°
±1.0°
±1.75°
> 15 mV, both signals of almost identical level
±180° or 0 to 360°
20 Hz to 100 kHz
∆ϕ
/(
∆ f x 360), where
∆ϕ
= phase accuracy in °,
∆ f = frequency step polarity of unsymmetrical input signal
+POL, –POL
A 20-bit D/A converter is used for analog signal generation. Two generators differing in frequency ranges, specifications and test signals are available:
Generator
ANLG 25 kHz
Frequency range Sample Rate
2 Hz to 25 kHz 96 kHz
ANLG110 kHz 2 Hz to 110 kHz 384 kHz
The characteristics of the basic generator can be improved and extended with a low-distortion RC oscillator (Low Distortion Generator UPD-B1):
—sine with reduced distortion
—improved intermodulation signals DFD and MODDIST
—signal generation for dynamic intermodulation measurement DIM
Outputs
Balanced
Voltage
Crosstalk attenuation
Source impedance
Load impedance
Output balance
(output floating)
Unbalanced
Voltage
Crosstalk attenuation
Source impedance
Load impedance
XLR connectors (male), 2 channels, floating/grounded switchable, short-circuit-proof; external feed
<
120 mA
0.1 mV to 24 V (rms, sine, open-circuit)
>
117 dB, frequency
<
20 kHz
10
Ω
30
Ω ±
0.5
Ω
,
200
Ω,
600
Ω, ±
0.5
% in each case, one user-selectable value >30
Ω , ready for installation
>
400
Ω
(incl. source impedance)
>
80 dB at 1 kHz,
>
60 dB at 20 kHz
BNC connectors (female), 2 channels, floating/grounded switchable, short-circuit-proof; external feed
<
120 mA
0.1 mV to 12 V (rms, sine, open-circuit)
>
117 dB, frequency
<
20 kHz
5
Ω
15
Ω ±
0.5
Ω
, one user-selectable value > 15
Ω, ready for installation
>200
Ω
Signals
Sine
Frequency range
Generator ANLG 25 kHz 2 Hz to 25 kHz
Generator ANLG 110 kHz 2 Hz to 110 kHz
Frequency accuracy
Level accuracy
Frequency response (ref. to1 kHz)
20 Hz to 20 kHz
2 Hz to 110 kHz
±
50 ppm
±
0.1 dB at 1 kHz
±
0.05 dB
±
0.1 dB
Inherent distortion THD+N
Generator ANLG 25 kHz, fundamental 20 Hz to 25 kHz
Measurement bandwidth
20 Hz to 22 kHz
20 Hz to 100 kHz
<
<
–92 dB, typ. –96 dB
–87 dB
Generator ANLG 110 kHz, fundamental 20 Hz to 100 kHz
Measurement bandwidth
20 Hz to 22 kHz
20 Hz to 100 kHz
<
–94 dB, typ. –98 dB
<
–80 dB
Sweep parameters frequency, level
Sine (with low distortion generator option)
Frequency range 2 Hz to 110 kHz
Frequency accuracy
PRECISION
FAST
Level accuracy
Frequency response (ref. to 1 kHz)
±
0.1%
±
0.5% at 15
°
C to 30
°
C
±
0.75% at 5
°
C to 45
°
C
±
0.1 dB at 1 kHz
20 Hz to 20 kHz
10 Hz to 110 kHz
Harmonics
Inherent distortion
Fundamental 1 kHz, 1 V to 10 V
20 Hz to 2 kHz
2 kHz to 7 kHz
7 kHz to 20 kHz
20 kHz to 50 kHz
50 kHz to 100 kHz
±
0.05 dB
±
0.1 dB typ.
<−
120 dB (
<−
130 dB at 1 kHz), measurement bandwidth
20 Hz to 20 kHz, voltage 1 V to 5 V
THD
<
–125 dB typ.
<
–113 dB
<
–110 dB
<
–105 dB
<
–92 dB
<
–86 dB
Fundamental 1 kHz, 2.5 V
100 Hz to 20 kHz
20 Hz to 100 Hz
<100 kHz
<20 kHz
<100 kHz
Sweep parameters
THD+N
2)
–110 dB typ.
<
–105 dB +2
µ
V
<
–100 dB +2
µ
V
<
–90 dB +5
µ
V
<
–88 dB +10
µ
V
<
–85 dB +10
µ
V frequency, level
22 kHz
22 kHz
22 kHz
100 kHz
300 kHz
300 kHz
MOD DIST
Frequency range lower frequency upper frequency
Level ratio (LF:UF)
Level accuracy
Inherent distortion
Sweep parameters for measuring the modulation distortion
30 Hz to 2.5 kHz
8xLF to 110 kHz
(max. 25 kHz with ANLG 25 kHz) selectable from 10:1 to 1:1
±
0.5 dB
<
–80 dB (typ. –90 dB) upper frequency 4 kHz to 25 kHz, level ratio LF:UF = 4:1 upper frequency, level
MOD DIST (with low distortion generator option)
Frequency range lower frequency 30 Hz to 500 Hz upper frequency
Level ratio (LF:UF)
Level accuracy
4 kHz to 110 kHz selectable from 10:1 to 1:1
±
0.5 dB
1)
±0.4° above 2 Hz, with analyzer ANLG 22 kHz and lower measurement limit
2 Hz (min. freq. 2 Hz).
16
Audio Analyzer UPD
2)
Total inherent distortion of analyzer and generator, analyzer using dynamic mode precision. When the low-impedance source resistors are used (unbalanced 5
Ω
, balanced 10
Ω
), the THD+N value in level range 0.6 V to 2.5 V balanced (0.3 V to 1.25 V unbalanced) is reduced by typ. 3 dB because of noise.
Inherent distortion
1)
Upper frequency 4 kHz to 15 kHz
15 kHz to 20 kHz
Sweep parameters
<
–96 dB (
−
90 dB), typ. –103 dB
<
–96 dB (
−
85 dB) upper frequency, level
DFD
Frequency range
Level accuracy
Inherent distortion
2)
Sweep parameters difference freq.
for measuring the difference tone
80 Hz to 1 kHz center frequency 200 Hz to 109 kHz
DFD d
DFD d
2
3
(max. 24 kHz with ANLG 25 kHz)
±
0.5 dB
<
–114 dB, typ.–120 dB
<
–85 dB, typ. –95 dB center frequency, level
DFD (with low distortion generator option)
Frequency range
Difference frequeny
Center frequency
80 Hz to 1 kHz
Level accuracy
Inherent distortion
Sweep parameters
3)
DFD d
DFD d
2
3
200 Hz to 109 kHz
±
0.5 dB
<
–120 dB, typ.–125 dB
<
–96 dB, typ. –105 dB center frequency, level
DIM (only with option UPD-B1)
Waveform
Max. level (V
PP
)
Level accuracy
Inherent distortion
4)
Sweep parameters
Multi-sine
Characteristics for DIM measurements to DIN-IEC 268-3
(dynamic intermodulation distortion) square/sine 3.15 kHz/15 kHz or 2.96 kHz/14 kHz, square/sine amplitude ratio 4:1.
bandwidth (3 dB) 30 kHz/100 kHz, selectable
50 V (25 V unbalanced)
±
0.5 dB
<
–80 dB, typ.–90 dB level
Generator ANLG 25 kHz
Frequency range
Frequency spacing
Dynamic range
Generator ANLG 110 kHz
Frequency range
Frequency spacing
Dynamic range
Squarewave
Frequency range
Max. level (V
PP
)
Level accuracy
Rise time
Sweep parameters
– 1 to 17 spectral lines
– level, frequency and phase selectable
for each line
– crest factor optimized to minimum
or selectable
5.86 Hz to 25 kHz adjustable from 5.86 Hz with <0.01% resolution or matching to FFT frequency spacing
100 dB referred to total peak value
23.44 Hz to 110 kHz adjustable from 23.44 Hz with <0.01% resolution or matching to FFT frequency spacing
80 dB referred to total peak value with generator ANLG 25 kHz only
2 Hz to 10 kHz
40 V (20 V unbalanced)
±
0.2 dB (rms)
1.5
µ s frequency, level
Sine burst, sine 2 burst
Burst time
Interval
Low level
Bandwidth
Sweep parameters
Noise
Noise in time domain
Distribution
Noise in frequency domain
Frequency range
Generator ANLG 110 kHz
Generator ANLG 110 kHz
Frequency spacing
Distribution
Crest factor
Arbitrary waveform
Memory depth
Clock rate
Bandwidth
Polarity test signal
Sine
2
burst with following characteristics:
Frequency
On-time
Interval
FM signal
Carrier frequency
Modulation frequency
Modulation
AM signal
Carrier frequency
Modulation frequency
Modulation
DC voltage
Level range
Accuracy
DC offset
5)
Accuracy
Residual offset
1 sample up to 60 s, 1-sample resolution burst time up to 60 s, 1-sample res.
0 to burst level, absolute or relative to burst level (0 with sine 2 burst)
25 kHz/110 kHz with generator ANLG 25 kHz/110 kHz
(elliptical filter) burst frequency, level, time, interval
Gaussian, triangular, rectangular
5.86 Hz to 25 kHz
23.44 Hz to 110 kHz adjustable from 5.86 Hz (above
23.44 Hz with ANLG 110 kHz) with
<0.01% resolution or matching to FFT frequency spacing white, pink, 1/3 octave, defined by file optimized to minimum or selectable loaded from file max. 16384
96 kHz/384 kHz with generator
ANLG 25 kHz/110 kHz
25 kHz/110 kHz with generator
ANLG 25 kHz/110 kHz
(elliptical filter) with generator ANLG 25 kHz only
1.2 kHz
1 cycle (0.8333 ms)
2 cycles (1.6667 ms) with generator ANLG 25 kHz only
2 Hz to 25 kHz
1 mHz to 25 kHz
0 to 100% with generator ANLG 25 kHz only
2 Hz to 25 kHz
1 mHz to 25 kHz
0 to 100% with generator ANLG 25 kHz only
0 to ±10 V (±5 V unsymmetrical), can be swept
±2%
0 to
±
10.0 V (
±
5 V unsymmetrical)
18-bit resolution
±
2%
<
1% of rms value of AC signal
(typ. <0.1%)
2)
3)
1)
4)
Output voltage >200 mV, typ. values apply from 0.5 V to 5 V.
Lower frequency >100 Hz, value in () for lower frequency <100 Hz.
Level ratio LF:UF = 4:1.
Center frequency 5 kHz to 20 kHz, DFD d
2
–95 dB (typ.) with DC offset.
Output voltage >200 mV, typ. values apply from 0.5 V to 5 V.
DFD d
3
: total inherent distortion of analyzer and generator; center frequency 5 kHz to 20 kHz.
Input voltage >200 mV, typ. values apply from 0.5 to 5 V. Total inherent distortion of analyzer and generator at full-scale measurement range.
5)
For all signals except squarewave and DIM, no DC offset for signal generation with Low Dist ON. With DC offset the AC voltage swing will be reduced, specified inherent distortion values apply to DC offset = 0.
Audio Analyzer UPD
17
Three analyzers differing in bandwidth, specifications and measurement functions are available for digital measurements.
Analyzer
DIG 48 kHz
Frequency range
2 Hz/10 Hz to 21.90 kHz
DIG 192 kHz 10 Hz/100 Hz to 87 kHz
DIG 768 kHz 10 Hz/100 Hz to 350 kHz
With analyzers DIG 192 kHz and DIG 768 kHz the number of samples is limited to 96000. This reduces the lower limit frequency and the maximum filter settling time. Frequency limits specified for the individual measurement functions apply to a sampling frequency of 48 kHz. Limits for other sampling frequencies are calculated according to the formula: f new
48 kHz.
= f
48 kHz
x sampling rate/
Maximum values for analyzer DIG 768 kHz are specified in [ ].
Inputs
Serial (audio)
Channels
Audio bits
Clock rate
Format
Balanced input
Impedance
Level (V
PP
)
Unbalanced input
Impedance
Level (V
PP
)
Optical input
Serial (universal)
Channels
Word length
Audio bits
Data format
Synchronization
Clock rate
Parallel
Channel 1/MUX
Channel 2
Word length
Audio bits
Synchronization
Clock rate with option UPD-B2
1, 2 or both
8 to 24
32/44.1/48 kHz professional and consumer format to
AES3 or IEC-958 as well as user-definable formats at all inputs
XLR connector (female), transformer coupling
110
Ω
, 10 k
Ω
, switchable min. 200 mV, max. 12 V into 110
Ω
(24 V into 10 k
Ω)
BNC, grounded
75
Ω min. 100 mV, max. 5 V
TOSLINK
15-contact DSUB connector (male)
1 and/or 2 separate or multiplexed
8/16/24/32 bits
8 to 28 bit
MSB/LSB first pos./neg. edge of bit clock and word clock selectable, position of word clock within word userselectable, word select (MUX) low/high
100 Hz to 1 MHz (word clock)
37-contact DSUB connector (male) channel 1 or channels 1 and 2 multiplexed contained in option UPD-B3 (highspeed extension)
28 bits
8 to 28 word clock with pos./neg. edge, word select (MUX) low/high
100 Hz to 1 MHz
Measurement functions
(all measurements at 24 bits, full scale)
RMS value, wideband
Measurement bandwidth
Measurement accuracy
AUTO FAST
AUTO
FIX
Integration time
AUTO FAST
AUTO
VALUE
Filter
Spectrum up to 0.5 times the clock rate
±
0.1 dB
±
0.01 dB
±
0.001 dB
4.2 ms, at least 1 cycle
42 ms, at least 1 cycle
1 ms to 10 s weighting and user-definable filters, up to 4 filters combinable post-FFT of filtered signal
RMS value, selective
Bandwidth (–0.1 dB)
Selectivity
Frequency setting
Measurement accuracy
Peak value
Measurement
Measurement accuracy
Interval
Filter
Quasi-peak
Measurement, accuracy
Filter
S/N measurement routine
FFT analysis
Total harmonic distortion (THD)
Fundamental
Frequency tuning
Weighted harmonics
Measurement accuracy
Inherent distortion
1)
Fundamental
42 Hz to 21.90 kHz
24 Hz to 42 Hz
12 Hz to 24 Hz
Spectrum
THD+N and SINAD
Fundamental
Frequency tuning
Stopband range
Bandwidth
Measurement accuracy
Inherent distortion
1)
Bandwidth 20 Hz to 21.90 kHz
Fundamental
28 Hz to 21.90 kHz
24 Hz to 28 Hz
20 Hz to 24 Hz
Spectrum
1%, 3%, 1/12 octave, 1/3 octave and user-selectable fixed bandwidth, min. bandwidth 20 Hz
100 dB, bandpass or bandstop filter,
8th order filter, elliptical
– automatic to input signal
– coupled to generator
– fixed through entered value
– sweep in user-selectable range
±
0.2 dB + ripple of filters with analyzer DIG 48 kHz only peak max, peak min, peak-to-peak, peak absolute
±
0.2 dB at 1 kHz
20 ms to 10 s weighting and user-definable filters, up to 3 filters combinable with analyzer DIG 48 kHz only to CCIR 468-4 weighting and user-definable filters, up to 3 filters combinable available for measurement functions:
– rms, wideband
– peak
– quasi-peak indication of S/N ratio in dB, no post-FFT see FFT analyzer section
6 Hz to 21.90 kHz [100 Hz to 350 kHz]
– automatic to input signal
– coupled to generator
– fixed through entered value any combination of d
2
to d
9, up to 21.90 kHz [350 kHz]
±
0.1 dB
<
–130 dB
<
–112 dB
<
–88 dB bar chart showing signal and distortion
20 Hz to 21.90 kHz
[320 Hz to 350 kHz]
– automatic to input signal
– coupled to generator
– fixed through entered value fundamental
±
28 Hz, but max. up to 1st harmonic upper and lower frequency limit selectable, one additional weighting filter
±
0.3 dB
<
–126 dB
<
–109 dB
<
–96 dB post-FFT of filtered signal
1)
Total inherent distortion of analyzer and generator.
18
Audio Analyzer UPD
Modulation distortion (MOD DIST)
Measurement method
Frequency range lower frequency selective to DIN-IEC 268-3
30[400] Hz to 500 Hz
1) upper frequency 4 kHz
1)
to 21.25 kHz [348 kHz]
Measurement accuracy
±
0.2 dB
Inherent distortion
2)
Level LF:UF 1:1
Spectrum
4:1
10:1
<
–133 dB
<
–123 dB
<
–115 dB bar chart showing signal and distortion
Difference frequency distortion (DFD)
Measurement method
Frequency range
Difference frequency
Center frequency
Measurement accuracy
Inherent distortion
2)
DFD d
2
DFD d
3
Spectrum selective to DIN-IEC 268-3 or 118
80 Hz [500 Hz] to 2 kHz 1)
200 Hz to 20.90 kHz [348 kHz]
±
0.2 dB
<
–130 dB
<
–130 dB bar chart showing signal and distortion
Dynamic intermodulation distortion
(DIM)
Measurement method
Test signal
Measurement accuracy
Inherent distortion
Spectrum
2) with analyzer DIG 48 kHz only selective weighting of all 9 interference lines to DIN-IEC 268-3 square/sine 3.15 kHz/15 kHz or 2.96 kHz/14 kHz, frequency tolerance ±3%, any square/sine amplitude ratio
(standard 4:1)
±0.2 dB
<–125 dB bar chart showing signal and distortion
Wow and flutter
Measurement method
Weighting filter OFF
ON
Measurement accuracy
Inherent noise
Spectrum with analyzer DIG 48 kHz only
DIN-IEC, NAB, JIS,
2-sigma to IEC-386 highpass 0.5 Hz, bandwidth 600 Hz bandpass 4 Hz to IEC-386
±
3%
<
0.0003% weighted
<
0.0008% unweighted post-FFT of demodulated signal
Time domain display (WAVEFORM)
Trigger
Trigger level rising/falling edge
–1 FS to +1 FS, interpolated between samples
Standard mode
Trace length
Interpolation
Enhanced mode
Word length
Compressed mode max. 7424 points
1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 single channel max. 65530 points
2- to 1024-fold compression (envelope for AGC measurement), with analyzer
DIG 48 kHz only
Frequency
3)
Frequency range with rms value with THD with FFT, THD+N
Accuracy
Input signal
2 Hz to 21.90 kHz
6 Hz to 21.90 kHz
20 Hz to 20 kHz typ. ±5 ppm
THD+N <–70 dB
>–80 dBFS
Phase
4)
Accuracy
Display range
Group delay
4)
Frequency range
Accuracy in seconds
Polarity test
Measurement
Display
1)
2)
3)
Fixed frequency independent of sampling rate.
Total inherent distortion of analyzer and generator.
Only with measurement functions RMS, THD, THD+N and FFT analysis.
±0.1°, 20 Hz to 20 kHz
±180° or 0 to 360°
20 Hz to 20 kHz
∆ϕ
/
(∆ f x 360), where
∆ϕ
= phase accuracy in °,
∆ f = frequency step polarity of unsymmetrical input signal
+POL, –POL
Three generators differing in frequency and test signals are available for digital signal generation.
Generator
DIG 48 kHz
Frequency range
2 Hz to 21.90 kHz
DIG 192 kHz 2 Hz to 87 kHz
DIG 768 kHz 2 Hz to 350 kHz
Frequency limits indicated for the signals apply to a sampling rate of 48 kHz.
Frequency limits for other sampling rates are calculated according to the formula: f new
= f
48 kHz
x sampling rate/48 kHz.
Max. values for generator DIG 768 kHz are specified in [ ].
Outputs
Serial (audio)
Channels
Audio bits
Clock rate
Format
Balanced output
Impedance
Level (V
PP
Accuracy into 110
Ω
)
Unbalanced output
Impedance
Level (V
PP
Accuracy into 75
Ω
)
Optical output
Serial (universal)
Channels
Word length
Audio bits
Data format
Synchronization
Clock rate (word clock) with option UPD-B2
1, 2 or both
8 to 24 internal: 32 kHz, 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz or synchronization to analyzer external: synchronization to word clock input (27 kHz to 55 kHz) professional and consumer format to
AES 3 or IEC-958 as well as user-definable formats at all outputs
XLR connector (male), transformer coupling
110
Ω
, short-circuit-proof
20 mV to 5.1 V, in steps of 20 mV
±
1 dB (rms)
BNC connector (female), transformer coupling
75
Ω
, short-circuit-proof
10 mV to 1.5 V, in steps of 10 mV
±
1 dB (rms)
TOSLINK
15-contact DSUB connector (female)
1 and/or 2 separate or multiplexed
8/16/24/32 bits
8 to 28
MSB/LSB first pos./neg. edge of bit clock and word clock selectable, position of word clock within word userselectable, word select (MUX) low/high internal: 32 kHz, 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz and multiples thereof up to max.
768 kHz external: 100 Hz to 768 kHz
Parallel
Channel 1/MUX
Word length
Synchronization
Clock rate
37-contact DSUB connector (female) channel 1 or channels 1 and 2 multiplexed
28 bits word clock with pos./neg. edge, word select (MUX) low/high internal: 32 kHz, 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz and multiples thereof up to max.
768 kHz external: 100 Hz to 768 kHz
4)
Only with FFT analysis at serial audio inputs (AES/EBU, S/P DIF or optical).
Audio Analyzer UPD
19
Signals
(All signals with 24 bits, full scale)
General characteristics
Level resolution
Audio bits
Dither
1)
Distribution
Level
Frequeny accuracy
Frequency offset
1)
DC offset
Sine
Frequency range
Total harmonic distortion (THD)
Sweep parameters
2 –24
8 to 28 (8 to 24 at AES),
LSB rounded off
Gaussian, triangular, rectangular
2 –24 FS to 1 FS
±
50 ppm (internal clock),
±
1 ppm ref. to clock rate
0 or +1000 ppm
0 to
±
1 FS adjustable
Frequency range
Frequency spacing
2 Hz
2)
to 21.90 kHz [350 kHz]
<
–133 dB frequency, level
MOD DIST
Frequency range lower frequency upper frequency
Level ratio (LF:UF)
Inherent distortion
Level LF:UF 1:1
4:1
10:1
Sweep parameters for measuring the modulation distortion
30[50] Hz to 500 Hz
2)
4 kHz
2)
to 21.90 kHz [350 kHz] selectable from 10:1 to 1:1
<
–133 dB
<
–123 dB
<
–115 dB upper frequency, level
DFD
Frequency range
Difference frequency
Center frequency
Inherent distortion
3)
DFD d
2
DFD d
3
Sweep parameters for measuring the difference tone
80 Hz [100 Hz] to 1 kHz
2)
200 Hz
2)
to 20.90 kHz [350 kHz]
<
–130 dB
<
–130 dB center frequency, level
DIM
Waveform
Inherent distortion
Multi-sine
Characteristics
3)
Sweep parameters for DIM measurement to DIN-IEC 268-3
(dynamic modulation distortion) square/sine 3.15 kHz/15 kHz or 2.96 kHz/14 kHz, square/sine amplitude ratio 4:1
<
–125 dB level
– 1 to 17 spectral lines
– level, frequency and phase selectable for each line
– crest factor optimized to minimum or selectable
2.93 Hz to 21.90 kHz
[46.88 Hz to 350 kHz]
adjustable from 2.93 Hz [46.88 Hz] with <0.01% resolution or matching to
FFT frequency spacing
>133 dBFS Dynamic range
Squarewave
Frequency
Sweep parameters
2 Hz
2)
to 12 kHz [50 Hz to 192 kHz],
2-sample resolution frequency, level
Sine burst, sine 2 burst
Burst time
4)
Interval
4)
Low level
Sweep parameters
Noise
Noise in time domain
Distribution
Noise in frequency domain
Frequency range
Frequency spacing
Distribution
Crest factor
Arbitrary waveform
Memory depth
Clock rate
Polarity test signal
Sine
2
burst with following characteristics:
Frequency
On-time
Interval
FM signal
Carrier frequency
Modulation frequency
Modulation
AM signal
Carrier frequency
Modulation frequency
Modulation
DC voltage
Level range
1 sample up to 60 s burst time up to 60 s
0 to burst level, absolute or relative to burst level (0 with sine 2 burst) burst frequency, level, time, interval not with generator DIG 768 kHz
Gaussian, triangular, rectangular
2.93 Hz to 21.90 kHz
[46.88 Hz to 350 kHz] adjustable from 2.93 Hz [46.88 Hz] with <0.01% resolution or matching to
FFT frequency spacing white, pink, 1/3 octave, defined by file optimized to minimum or selectable loaded from file max. 16384 sample rate of generator with generator DIG 48 kHz only
1.2 kHz 2)
1 cycle
2 cycles with generator DIG 48 kHz only
2 Hz
2)
to 21.90 kHz
1 mHz
2)
to 21.90 kHz
0 to 100% with generator DIG 48 kHz only
2 Hz
2)
to 21.9 kHz
1 mHz
2)
to 21.9 kHz
0 to 100% with generator DIG 48 kHz only
0 to ±1 FS, can be swept
Generator
Validity bit
Error simulation
Channel status data
Local time code
CRC
User data
Analyzer
Display
Error indication
Error counter
Clock-rate measurement
NONE, L, R, L+R parity/block error/sequence error/
CRC error, correctly or with adjustable error rate mnemonic entry with user-definable masks, predefined masks for professional and consumer format to AES3 or
IEC-958 automatic generation selectable automatic generation selectable loaded from file (max. 16384 byte) or set to zero
– validity bit L and R
– change of status bits
– differences between L and R block errors, sequence errors, clock-rate errors, preamble errors parity, CRC
50 ppm
2)
3)
1)
With signals sine, DFD and MOD DIST.
Dither not with generator DIG 768 kHz.
Fixed frequency independent of sampling rate.
Total inherent distortion of analyzer and generator.
20
Audio Analyzer UPD
4)
1-sample resolution, duration max. 20 ms with generator DIG 768 kHz.
Channel status display
User bit display user-definable mnemonic display of data fields, predefined settings for professional and consumer format to AES3 or IEC-958. binary and hexadecimal format user-definable mnemonic display, block-synchronized
FFT size
Window functions
Resolution
Zoom
Frequency range, digital analog
Dynamic range
Digital
Analyzer ANLG 22 kHz
Analyzer ANLG 100/300 kHz
Noise floor
Digital
Analyzer ANLG 22 kHz
Analyzer ANLG 100/300 kHz
2 Hz to 350 kHz
2 Hz to 300 kHz
>
135 dB
120 dB/105 dB
1)
115 dB/85 dB
1)
–160 dB
–140 dB/110 dB
1)
–120 dB/90 dB
1)
256, 512, 1 k, 2 k, 4 k, 8 k points
(16 k with zoom factor 2) rectangular, Hann, Blackman-Harris,
Rife-Vincent 1to 3, Hamming, flat top,
Kaiser (ß = 1 to 20) from 0.023 Hz with zoom, from 5.86 Hz without zoom
– 2 to 256 with ANLG 22 kHz and
DIG 48 kHz
– 2 to 16 with ANLG 100/300 kHz
– 2 to 8 with DIG 192/768 kHz
1 to 256, exponential and normal
For non-specified characteristics the data of UPD-B2 apply
Generator
Level (V pp
into 110
Ω
)
Clock rate
Internal
0 to 8 V, in 240 steps, balanced,
0 to 2 V, unbalanced
External continuously adjustable between 30 kHz and 52.5 kHz and synchronization to analyzer
30 kHz to 52.5 kHz, synchronization to word clock input, video sync, DARS,
1024 kHz
Jitter injection
Waveform
Frequency range
Amplitude (peak-to-peak)
Common mode signal
Waveform
Frequency range
Amplitude (V pp
)
Phase (output to reference) sine, noise
10 Hz to 110 kHz
0 to 10 UI for balanced output sine
20 Hz to 110 kHz
0 to 20 V adjustable between
−
64 and +64 UI
(corresp. to ±50% of frame)
Cable simulator
Long cable
Short cable
Analyzer
Impedance
Amplitude (V pp
)
Sampling rate
Jitter measurement
Reclocking
Common mode test
Amplitude (V
Frequency
Spectrum pp
)
Phase (input to reference)
Sync output
100 m typical audio cable typ. 30 ns rise time
110
Ω
(bal.), 75
Ω
(unbal.)
200 mV to 12 V (balanced)
100 mV to 5 V (unbalanced)
30 kHz to 52.5 kHz (phase, jitter and common-mode measurement) amplitude, frequency, spectrum
0 to 5 UI typ. for f<500 Hz, decreasing to 0.5 UI for up to 50 kHz (at 48 kHz) input signal available at reference output (rear of instrument) after removal of jitter at balanced input
0 to 30 V
20 Hz to 110 kHz
20 Hz to 110 kHz
−
64 to +64 UI (corresp. to ±50% of frame) switchable to generator, REF generator, audio input, REF input or reference PLL; word clock or biphase clock selectable
Averaging
For all analog and digital analyzers. Up to 4 filters can be combined as required. All filters are digital filters with a coefficient accuracy of 32 bit floating point (exception: analog notch filter).
Weighting filter
– A weighting
– C message
– CCITT
– CCIR weighted, unweighted
– CCIR ARM
– deemphasis 50/15, 50, 75, J.17
– rumble weighted, unweighted
– DC noise highpass
– IEC tuner
– jitter weighted
User-definable filters
Design parameters:
8th order elliptical, type C (for highpass and lowpass filters also 4th order selectable), passband ripple +0/–0.1 dB, stopband attenuation approx.
20 dB to 120 dB selectable in steps of approx. 10 dB (highpass and lowpass filters: stopband attenuation 40 dB to 120 dB).
Highpass, lowpass filters
Bandpass, bandstop filters limit frequencies (–0.1 dB) selectable, stopband indicated passband (–0.1 dB) selectable, stopband indicated
Notch filter
Third octave and octave filters center frequency and width (–0.1 dB) selectable, stopband indicated center frequency selectable, bandwidth (–0.1 dB) indicated
File-defined filters any 8th order filter cascaded from
4 biquads, defined in the z plane by poles/zeroes or coefficients
Analog notch filter
For measurements on signals with high S/N ratio, this filter improves the dynamic range of the analyzer by up to 30 dB to 140 dB for analyzer 22 kHz, or 120 dB for analyzer 110 kHz/300 kHz (typical noise floor for FFT). The filter is also used for measuring THD, THD+N and MOD DIST with dynamic mode precision.
Characteristics available in analog analyzers with measurement functions:
– rms, wideband
– rms, selective
– quasi-peak
– FFT analysis
Frequency range
Frequency tuning
10 Hz to 100 kHz center frequency (f c
– automatic to input signal
)
– coupled to generator
– fixed through entered value
Stopband typ.
>
30 dB, f c
±
0.5%
Passband typ. –3 dB at 0.77 x f c
and 1.3 x f typ.
±
0.5 dB outside 0.5 x f c
to 2 x f c
, c
1)
With / without analog notch filter.
Audio Analyzer UPD
21
Headphones connector
Output voltage (V
P
)
Output current (I
P
)
Source impedance
Recommended headphones
Parallel I/O interface
Connector
6.3 mm jack max. 8 V max. 50 mA
10
Ω
, short-circuit-proof for driving signal routing switchers
25-contact DSUB, female
Generator sweep
Parameters
Sweep
Stepping frequency, level, with bursts also interval and duration, one- or two-dimensional linear, logarithmic, tabular, single, continuous, manual
– automatic after end of measurement
– time delay, fixed or loaded table
Analyzer sweep
Parameters
Sweep
Trigger
Settling frequency or level of input signal single, continuous
– delayed (0 to 10 s) after input level or input frequency variation, settling function selectable
– time-controlled for level, frequency, phase, distortion measurements, settling function: exponential, flat or averaging
Sweep speed
RMS measurement 20 Hz to 20 kHz, 30-point generator sweep, logarithmic
(frequency measurement switched off, Low Dist off).
with AUTO FAST
AUTO
1 s
2.5 s
Reference value (level):
Fixed value (entered or stored).
Current value of a channel or generator signal: permits direct measurement of gain, linearity, channel difference, crosstalk. In sweep mode, traces (other trace or loaded from file) can be used as a reference too.
Graphical display of results
Monitor
Display modes
Display functions
8.4" LCD, colour
– display of any sweep trace
– display of trace groups
– bargraph display with min./max.values
– spectrum, also as waterfall display
– list of results
– bar charts for THD and intermodulation measurements
– autoscale
– X-axis zoom
– full-screen and part-screen mode
– 2 vertical, 1 horizontal cursor line
– search function for max. values
– marker for harmonics (spectrum)
– user-labelling for graphs
– change of unit and scale also possible for loaded traces
Test reports
Functions
Printer driver
Plotter language
Interfaces
Storage function
Remote control
– screen copy to printer, plotter or file (PCX, HPGL, Postscript)
– lists of results
– sweep lists
– tolerance curves
– list of out-of-tolerance values supplied for approx. 130 printers
HP-GL
2 x RS-232, Centronics,
IEC 625 (option UPD-B4)
– instrument settings
– spectra
– sweep results
– sweep lists
– tolerance curves
– equalizer traces via IEC 625-2 (IEEE 488), commands largely to SCPI
(option UPD-B4)
Units
Level (analog)
Level (digital)
Distortion
Frequency
Phase
V, dBu, dBV, W, dBm, difference (
∆
), deviation (
∆
%) and ratio
(without dimension, %, dBr) to reference value
FS, %FS, dBFS, LSBs deviation (
∆
%) or ratio (dBr) to reference value
% or dB, referred to signal amplitude,
THD and THD+N in all variable level units (absolute or relative to selectable reference value)
Hz, difference (
∆
), deviation (
∆
%) and ratio (as quotient f/f ref
, 1/3 octave, octave or decade) to reference value
(entered or stored, current generator frequency)
°
, rad, difference (
∆
) to reference value (entered or stored)
Operating temperature range
Storage temperature range
Humidity
EMI
EMS
Power supply
Dimensions (W x H x D)
Weight
0 to +45
°
C
–20
°
C to +60
°
C max. 85% for max. 60 days, below 65% on average/year, no condensation
EN 50081-1
EN 50082-1
100/120/220/230 V
±
10%,
47 Hz to 63 Hz, 290 VA
435 mm x 236 mm x 475 mm
22 kg
22
Audio Analyzer UPD
Order designation
Accessories supplied
Audio Analyzer UPD 1030.7500.05 power cable, operating manual, backup system disks with
MS-DOS operating system and user manual, backup program disk with operating and measurement software
Options
Low Distortion Generator
AES/EBU Interface
Jitter and Interface Tester
High-Speed Extension
IEC-625/IEEE-488 Bus Interface
Audio Monitor
Universal Sequence Controller
Arbitrary Waveform Designer
Automatic Line Measurement to ITU-T O.33
Recommended extras
19“ Adapter
Service manual
Service Kit
UPD-B1
UPD-B2
UPD-B22
UPD-B3
UPD-B4
UPD-B5
UPD-K1
UPD-K2
UPD-K33
ZZA-95
UPD-Z2
1078.2601.02
1031.2301.02
1078.6503.02
1031.2001.02
1031.2901.02
1031.5300.02
1031.4204.02
1031.4404.02
1031.5500.02
0396.4911.00
1030.7551.24
1031.3208.02
Audio Analyzer UPD
23
ROHDE&SCHWARZ GmbH & Co. KG
⋅
Muehldorfstrasse 15
⋅
81671 Munich, Germany
⋅
P.O.B. 8014 69
⋅
81614 Munich, Germany
Telephone +49894129-0
⋅ www.rohde-schwarz.com
⋅
CustomerSupport: Tel. +491805124242, Fax +4989 4129-13777,
E-mail: [email protected]
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© 2021