Exabyte Magnum LTO-2 tape drive Product manual

MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2)
PRODUCT MANUAL
1013187-B
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2005 by Exabyte Corporation. All rights reserved. This item and the
information contained herein are the property of Exabyte Corporation. No part of this
document may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or
translated into any language or computer language in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, or otherwise, without the
express written permission of Exabyte Corporation, 2108 55th Street, Boulder, Colorado
80301.
DISCLAIMER
Exabyte Corporation makes no representation or warranties with respect to the contents
of this document and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability
or fitness for any particular purpose. Further, Exabyte Corporation reserves the right to
revise this publication without obligation of Exabyte Corporation to notify any person or
organization of such revision or changes.
TRADEMARK
NOTICES
Exabyte is a registered trademarks; Exabotics is a trademark; People Working for You
and SupportSuite are service marks of Exabyte Corporation. IBM is a trademark of
International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, or other countries or
regions, or both. Linear Tape-Open, LTO, the LTO logo, Ultrium, and the Ultrium logo
are U.S. trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation, Certance and
Hewlett-Packard. All other product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of
their respective owners.
PART NUMBER
REVISION HISTORY
1013187 Revision B
Revision Date
Description
A
January 2005
Initial release.
B
August 2005
Correct two figures (3-2 and 4-2).
NOTE: The most current information about this product is available at Exabyte’s web site
(www.exabyte.com).
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PRODUCT MANUAL
1013187
PRODUCT
WARRANTY
CAUTION
The Exabyte Magnum Tape Drive (LTO-2) is warranted to be free from defects in
materials, parts, and workmanship, and conforms to the current product specification.
For the specific details of your warranty, refer to your sales contract or contact the
company from which you purchased the tape drive.
The warranty for the tape drive shall not apply to failures caused by:
Physical abuse or use not consistent with the operating instructions or product
specifications.
Use of any type of data cartridge other than an Exabyte LTO tape or an
Exabyte-approved LTO data cartridge.
Use of any type of cleaning material other than an Exabyte LTO tape Cleaning
Cartridge.
Repair or modification by any one other than Exabyte’s personnel or agent in a
manner differing from the maintenance instructions provided by Exabyte.
Removal of the Exabyte identification label(s).
Physical abuse due to improper packaging of returned drives.
If problems with the tape drive occur, contact Exabyte or your service provider; do not
void the product warranty by allowing untrained or unauthorized personnel to attempt
repairs.
Caution
Returning the tape drive in unauthorized packaging may damage the unit and void the
warranty.
If you are returning the tape drive for repair, package it in its original packaging (or in
replacement packaging obtained from your vendor).
FCC NOTICE
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital
device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in
a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio
frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction
manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this
equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the
user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
LASER SAFETY
NOTICE
This tape drive contains components that comply with performance standards that are
set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Part 21CFR, 1040.10/11). This means that
these products belong to a class of laser products that do not emit hazardous laser
radiation. This classification was accomplished by providing the necessary protective
housing and scanning safeguards to ensure that laser radiation is inaccessible during
operation or is within Class I limits. External safety agencies have reviewed these
products and have obtained approvals to the latest standards as they apply to this
product type.
END OF LIFE (EOL)
PLAN
This tape drive is a purchased unit. Therefore, it is the sole responsibility of the
purchaser to dispose of it in accordance with local laws and regulations at the time of
disposal. This unit contains recyclable materials. The materials should be recycled where
facilities are available and according to local regulations.
AUGUST 2005
EXABYTE MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2)
iii
CONTACTING
EXABYTE
To obtain general information
Exabyte Corporate
Headquarters
Exabyte Corporation
2108 55th Street
Boulder, CO USA 80301
(303) 442-4333
World Wide Web
www.exabyte.com
To obtain technical support
Exabyte Technical Support www.exabyte.com/products/hardwarewarranty.cfm
To order supplies and accessories
Exabyte Sales Support
1-800-774-7172
1-800-392-8273 (Exabyte Media)
To obtain service
Exabyte Service
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PRODUCT MANUAL
www.exabyte.com/support/contact/index.cfm
1013187
Contents
How to Use This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xiii
1 Magnum Tape Drive (LTO-2) Features . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Front Panel Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Back Panel Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cartridge Compatibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Speed Matching and Channel Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SCSI Bus Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sleep Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
2 Installing the Tape Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unpack the Tape Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Install the Tape Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Set the SCSI ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Position the tape drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connect Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Run the Fast Read/Write Test (Diagnostic Function Code F). . .
Connect the tape drive to the SCSI bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Install Device Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Configure the Tape Drive to the Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
14
14
3 Operating the Tape Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Using the Front Panel Controls and Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Power Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Unload Button. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monitoring the Status LED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monitoring the Single-Character Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loading a Cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unloading a Cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cleaning the Tape Drive Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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EXABYTE MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2)
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15
16
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17
17
18
19
v
Determining When to Clean the Tape Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using a Cleaning Cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Resetting the Tape Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Tape Backup Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
19
19
20
4 Using Data Cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cartridge Compatibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data Capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environmental and Shipping Specifications for Data Cartridges
Setting the Write-Protect Switch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Handling Data Cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Provide Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Provide Proper Acclimation and Environmental Conditions. . .
Perform a Thorough Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Handle the Cartridge Carefully . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cartridge Storage Guidelines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ensure Proper Packaging for Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repositioning or Reattaching a Leader Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repositioning a Leader Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reattaching a Leader Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disposing of Tape Cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
22
22
23
23
24
24
24
25
25
26
26
27
27
28
29
34
5 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Problems and Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Methods of Receiving Errors and Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Descriptions and Corrective Actions for Errors and Messages. .
Resolving Problems Reported by the Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Resolving Media-Related Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supported TapeAlert Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Tape Drive Diagnostic and Maintenance Functions. . . .
Setting the Tape Drive to Maintenance Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exiting Maintenance Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Function Code 1 — Run SCSI Drive Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . .
Function Code 2 — Update Drive Firmware from FMR Tape .
Function Code 3 — Create FMR Tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Function Code 4 — Force a Drive Dump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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PRODUCT MANUAL
35
37
37
41
43
44
47
47
48
48
49
50
51
1013187
Function Code 5 — Copy Drive Dump to Tape (at Beginning of Tape)
52
Function Code 8 — Convert FMR Tape to Scratch Tape . . . . . 52
Function Code 9 — Display Error Code Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Function Code A — Clear Error Code Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Function Code C — Insert Cartridge into Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Function Code E — Test Cartridge & Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Function Code F — Fast Read/Write Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Function Code H — Test Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Function Code L — Reserved for Future Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Function Code P or U — Enable or Disable POST Error Reporting. .
57
Using Sense Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
6 Servicing the Tape Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Returning the Tape Drive for Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Upgrading Firmware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Updating Firmware Over the SCSI Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Updating the Firmware with an FMR Data Cartridge . . . . . . . .
Obtaining a Drive Dump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data Transfer Rates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Size and Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environmental Conditions for the Tape Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Safety and Regulatory Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AUGUST 2005
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59
60
60
60
61
63
63
63
64
64
64
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
EXABYTE MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2)
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NOTES
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PRODUCT MANUAL
1013187
Figures
1 Magnum Tape Drive (LTO-2) Features
Figure 1-1
Front-panel components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
Figure 1-2
Back-panel components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
2 Installing the Tape Drive
Figure 2-1
Back-panel components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
Figure 2-2
Tape drive is last or only device on the SCSI bus . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Figure 2-3
Another peripheral is the last device on SCSI bus . . . . . . . . . .
13
3 Operating the Tape Drive
Figure 3-1
Front-panel components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Figure 3-2
Inserting a cartridge into the tape drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
4 Using Data Cartridges
AUGUST 2005
Figure 4-1
LTO Ultrium 200 GB data cartridge components . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Figure 4-2
Setting the write-protect switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Figure 4-3
Leader pin in the incorrect and correct positions . . . . . . . . . . .
28
Figure 4-4
Placing a dislodged leader pin into the correct position . . . . . .
29
Figure 4-5
Rewinding the tape into the cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
Figure 4-6
Leader pin reattachment kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
Figure 4-7
Attaching the leader pin tool to the cartridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
Figure 4-8
WInding the tape out of the cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
Figure 4-9
Removing the C-clip from the leader pin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
Figure 4-10
Attaching the leader pin to the tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33
EXABYTE MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2)
ix
NOTES
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PRODUCT MANUAL
1013187
Tables
3 Operating the Tape Drive
Table 3-1
Meaning of Status LED Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
4 Using Data Cartridges
Table 4-1
Tape drive cartridge and format compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Table 4-2
Data capacities in gigabytes (GB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
Table 4-3
Environment for operating, storing, and shipping the LTO Ultrium
data cartridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics
Table 5-1
Troubleshooting tips for the tape drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
Table 5-2
Methods of receiving errors and messages for the tape drive. .
37
Table 5-3
Tape drive codes for error conditions and informational messages .
38
Table 5-4
TapeAlert flags supported by the tape drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
7 Specifications
AUGUST 2005
Table 7-1
Maximum data transfer rates in megabytes per second . . . . . .
63
Table 7-2
Size and weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
Table 7-3
Power specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
Table 7-4
Temperature and humidity specifications for the tape drive . .
64
EXABYTE MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2)
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NOTES
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PRODUCT MANUAL
1013187
HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL
HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL
This manual describes how to install, operate, and maintain the Magnum Tape
Drive (LTO-2). It also provides functional, performance, and environmental
specifications.
WHERE TO LOOK FOR INFORMATION
Installation
If you are installing the tape drive for the first time, refer to the following
chapters:
Chapter 1 provides an overview of the tape drive’s features and
components.
Chapter 2 provides instructions for installing the tape drive, connecting it to
the host computer, and powering it on.
Operation, troubleshooting, maintenance, and service
Refer to these chapters for information about operating, maintaining, and
troubleshooting your tape drive:
Chapter 3 provides instructions for using the tape drive, including reading
the single-character display and the status LED, loading and unloading
cartridges, and cleaning the tape drive.
Chapter 5 provides troubleshooting recommendations and instructions for
using the tape drive’s diagnostic and maintenance functions, including a
complete list of the TapeAlert flags supported by the tape drive.
Chapter 6 provides information about service and maintenance for the tape
drive, including returning it for service, upgrading firmware, and obtaining
a diagnostic listing.
Specifications, standards, and terms
These chapters are for engineering, purchasing, or marketing personnel who
want to evaluate the tape drive to determine the feasibility of integrating it
into their product lines.
Chapter 7 provides specifications for the tape drive, including performance,
reliability, power, and environmental specifications. This chapter also
provides safety and regulatory agency standards compliance information.
Chapter 4 provides a detailed description of the media used by the tape
drive.
The Glossary provides definitions of terms used in this manual and in other
documentation associated with the tape drive.
AUGUST 2005
EXABYTE MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2)
xiii
HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL
RELATED PUBLICATIONS
For more information about the tape drive and the standards used by the tape
drive, refer to the following publications. To order an Exabyte publication, see
“Contacting Exabyte” on page iv. To download a PDF version of an Exabyte
publication, visit the Exabyte web site (www.exabyte.com).
IBM Ultrium LTO-2 Publications
Note: See the IBM web site at www.ibm.com/servers/storage/support/lto/ltooem/
to locate additional information about IBM LTO Ultrium tape drives.
Standards Publications
These publications are available on the web at www.t10.org.
SCSI Parallel Interface-3 (SPI-3), International Committee on Information
Technology Standards (INCITS)
SCSI-3 Stream Commands (SSC), American National Standards Institute
(ANSI)
SCSI Stream Commands-2 (SSC-2), ANSI
SCSI Primary Commands-2 (SPC-2), ANSI
SCSI Primary Commands-3 (SPC-3), ANSI
CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL
This manual uses the following conventions:
Note: Notes provide additional information or suggestions about the topic or
procedure being discussed.
!
xiv
Important
Read information marked by the “Important” icon for
information that will help you complete a procedure, avoid
extra steps, or avoid future problems.
Caution
Read the information marked by the “CAUTION” icon for information you must
know to avoid damaging the tape drive or losing data.
Warning
Read text marked by the “WARNING” icon for information you must know to
avoid personal injury.
PRODUCT MANUAL
1013187
1
MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2)
FEATURES
The Exabyte Magnum Tape Drive (LTO-2) is a high-performance,
high-capacity data-storage device that is designed to backup and restore Open
Systems applications. The tape drive is the second-generation tape drive in the
Ultrium series of products. It is available with a Small Computer Systems
Interface (SCSI).
The tape drive offers a formatted cartridge capacity of up to 200 GB (400 GB
assuming 2:1 compression ratio) and a sustained data transfer rate of 35 MB
per second (70 MB per second assuming 2:1 compression ratio).
Features of the Magnum Tape Drive (LTO-2) tape drive include:
Backward read/write compatible with LTO Ultrium 1 data cartridges
LTO cartridge memory
Ultra160 SCSI LVD interface
Digital speed matching
64 MB buffer
Advanced LTO data compression
Smart Power Management
AUGUST 2005
EXABYTE MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2)
1
CHAPTER 1 — MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2) FEATURES
COMPONENTS
This section describes the major components of the tape drive.
FRONT PANEL COMPONENTS
Figure 1-1 shows the controls and indicators on the front panel of the tape
drive. For more information about using these controls and indicators, see
Chapter 3.
Cartridge door
On/Off
switch
Single-character
display
Power
indicator
Status LED
Unload button
Figure 1-1 Front-panel components
Cartridge Door
Used for inserting the cartridge into the tape drive.
Single-character Display Provides a single-character code for error
conditions and informational messages. It also provides codes for Diagnostic
or maintenance functions. These codes are described in Table 5-3 on page 38. A
red dot appears in the corner of the display when a drive dump is available
(see “Using the Tape Drive Diagnostic and Maintenance Functions” on page 47
for more information).
Status LED (Light Emitting Diode) Indicates the current operating status
information, which is described in Table 3-1 on page 16.
Unload Button
Used to unload the tape and eject the cartridge.
On/Off Switch
Used to turn power on and off.
Power Indicator
2
PRODUCT MANUAL
Shows the power-on status of the tape drive.
1013187
CARTRIDGE COMPATIBILITY
BACK PANEL COMPONENTS
Figure 1-2 shows the back-panel components of the of the tape drive.
SCSI
ID switch
AC power
connector
SCSI
connectors
Figure 1-2 Back-panel components
On/Off Switch
Used to turn power on and off.
AC Power Connector Used to provide power through a grounded AC power
connector. A power cord is included with the tape drive.
SCSI Connectors Used to connect the tape drive to the SCSI bus with two
SCSI cables or one SCSI cable and a terminator. These connectors are 68-pin,
wide, Ultra160 LVD connectors.
SCSI ID Switch
Used to set the tape drive SCSI ID.
CARTRIDGE COMPATIBILITY
The tape drive uses LTO Ultrium 200 GB data cartridges. It is also compatible
with LTO Ultrium 100 GB data cartridges.
The tape drive reads tapes that have been written by other licensed LTO
Ultrium 2 drives. It also writes to tapes that can be read by other licensed LTO
Ultrium 2 drives.
See Chapter 4, “Using Data Cartridges” on page 21 for detailed information
about LTO Ultrium data cartridges.
AUGUST 2005
EXABYTE MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2)
3
CHAPTER 1 — MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2) FEATURES
SPEED MATCHING AND CHANNEL CALIBRATION
To improve system performance, the tape drive uses a technique called speed
matching to dynamically adjust its native (uncompressed) data rate to the
slower data rate of a server. With speed matching, the tape drive operates at
one of five speeds when reading or writing the Generation 2 cartridge format
to achieve a native data rate of 17.5, 21.9, 26.25, 30.63, or 35 MB per second
(MB/second). If the server’s net (compressed) data rate is between two of the
preceding native data rates, the tape drive calculates which of the two data
rates at which to operate. (For example, if the server transfers data at
60 MB/second on the host bus, at 2:1 compression its net data rate is
30 MB/second. The tape drive will then dynamically choose to operate at a
native data rate of 26.25 or 30.63 MB/second, whichever enables it to
successfully receive the greatest amount of compressed data over the
network.) Speed matching dramatically reduces backhitch, the condition that
occurs when a tape stops, reverses, and restarts motion. A backhitch is usually
the result of a mismatch between the data rates of the server and the tape
drive.
System performance is further optimized by a feature called channel calibration,
in which the tape drive automatically customizes each read/write data channel
to compensate for variations in such things as the recording channel’s transfer
function, the media, and characteristics of the tape drive head.
SCSI BUS SPEED
The Ultra160 LVD SCSI interface is backward compatible with older SCSI
technology and is capable of data transmission at 160 MB/second. Ultra160
SCSI uses the three management features of the Ultra3 SCSI standard that
specifically affect data transfer rate:
Double transition clocking – a data-transfer technique that enables data
rates to double without increasing clock speed
Domain validation – a procedure that detects and adjusts SCSI
configuration issues that might prevent interoperation between SCSI
devices
Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) – an error-checking technique
Because the cables, connectors, and terminators are the same for the Ultra160
and Ultra2 SCSI interfaces, devices with those interfaces can be mixed on the
same bus and each device can operate at its fully rated speed.
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SLEEP MODE
SLEEP MODE
To conserve energy when circuit functions are not needed for drive operation,
the tape drive features a power-management function that causes the tape
drive’s electronics to enter a low-power mode known as sleep mode. To enter
sleep mode, the tape drive must be inactive for a minimum of 15 minutes; to
exit, the tape drive must receive a command across the SCSI interface or a load
or unload request. When in sleep mode, the tape drive’s response time to
commands that do not require media motion increases by up to
10 microseconds. Commands that require media motion may be delayed an
additional 100 milliseconds because the tape tension must be reset.
AUGUST 2005
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5
CHAPTER 1 — MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2) FEATURES
Notes
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2
INSTALLING THE TAPE DRIVE
This chapter provides step-by-step instructions for installing the Magnum
Tape Drive (LTO-2). The information in this chapter expands on the
instructions in the Quick Start guide that accompanied your tape drive.
BEFORE YOU BEGIN
Before you begin installing the tape drive, do the following:
✔
Select your application software — To obtain information about which
software applications work with the tape drive, visit Exabyte’s web site
(www.exabyte.com). You can install the software application on the host
computer before or after you install the tape drive. However, if you install
the software first, you may need to reconfigure it for use with the tape drive.
✔
Install an LVD SCSI host bus adapter — Make certain the SCSI host bus
adapter card installed in the host computer is LVD and compatible with the
tape drive. Using an Ultra160 LVD SCSI host bus adapter will provide
optimum performance.
!
Data transfer protocols for tape and disk drives are very dissimilar.
Important For that reason, it is strongly recommended that you avoid
running tape and disk drives on the same host adapter. A
configuration with tape and disk on a single host adapter gives a
slow and unreliable performance.
!
To avoid SCSI bus hangs, do not connect the tape drive to an HVD
Important SCSI bus. To avoid performance problems, do not connect the
tape drive to a single-ended SCSI bus.
!
✔
AUGUST 2005
Important Do not connect the tape drive to a RAID controller.
Protect the work area from ESD — Touch a known grounded surface to
discharge static electricity from your body and ensure that the work area is
free from conditions that could cause ESD.
EXABYTE MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2)
7
CHAPTER 2 — INSTALLING THE TAPE DRIVE
✔
Inspect the Power Cord and Outlet — Inspect the power cord plug to ensure
that it matches the power receptacle. Ensure that the electrical outlets that
you use are properly grounded and that the circuit breaker is turned on.
✔
Power Down the Host Computer System — Turn off all devices attached to
the computer to which you plan to connect the tape drive, then turn off the
computer. Disconnect all power cables.
UNPACK THE TAPE DRIVE
All Exabyte tape drives are tested, inspected, and carefully packaged at the
factory. However, because shipping damage can occur, you should follow the
steps below to unpack the tape drive:
1. Visually inspect the shipping container and notify your freight carrier
immediately if you see any damage.
2. Place the shipping container on a flat, clean, stable surface. If parts are
missing or the equipment is damaged, notify your supplier or Exabyte.
3. Save the original shipping container and packaging materials in case you
need to reship the tape drive.
INSTALL THE TAPE DRIVE
When installing the tape drive, refer to Figure 2-1 for the location of the
back-panel components.
SCSI
ID switch
AC power
connector
SCSI
connectors
Figure 2-1 Back-panel components
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INSTALL THE TAPE DRIVE
STEP 1. SET THE SCSI ID
1. Determine whether you need to change the SCSI ID used by the tape drive.
The tape drive is shipped with a SCSI ID of 0. If another device on the SCSI
bus is already configured with this SCSI ID, you will need to change the tape
drive’s SCSI ID.
Notes:
The range of SCSI IDs is 0 through 15. The priority of SCSI IDs is: 7, 6, 5, 4,
3, 2, 1, 0, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8.
Do not select an ID that is already in use by any device on the SCSI bus.
Do not select the SCSI ID of the SCSI host adapter card. The priority of this
ID is usually higher than any device on the SCSI bus. Generally, the SCSI ID
for the host adapter is set to 7.
2. Change the SCSI ID, if necessary.
To change the default ID, use a small pointed object (such as a ballpoint pen)
to press the + and – tabs above and below the SCSI ID indicator, until the
desired SCSI ID appears.
Note:
If you change the SCSI ID after you complete the installation, turn the
tape drive off, then back on again to activate the new SCSI ID.
STEP 2. POSITION THE TAPE DRIVE
Position the tape drive anywhere that is convenient to the server. The only
restrictions are the length of the power cord and the length of the SCSI cable.
Recommended locations are:
Away from high-traffic areas, especially if the floor is carpeted.
Out of computer rooms to avoid toner and paper dust. Do not store
paper supplies next to any unit.
Away from moving air, such as doorways, open windows, fans, and air
conditioners.
Off the floor.
In a horizontal position.
Where data cartridges can be easily inserted.
The tape drive should not be stacked. Do not place anything on top of the tape
drive. To minimize any contamination from airborne particles, ensure that the
cover is always closed.
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CHAPTER 2 — INSTALLING THE TAPE DRIVE
STEP 3. CONNECT POWER
1. Because the tape drive may not complete the Power-On Self Test (POST)
without SCSI termination, connect a terminator (or SCSI bus with
termination) to one of the two SCSI connectors on the back of the tape
drive.
2. Plug the power cord into the tape drive, then plug the other end into a
grounded electrical outlet.
3. Power-on the tape drive by pressing the power switch. The tape drive runs
the POST, which checks all hardware except the tape drive head. During
the POST, the single-character display flashes several segmented
characters. Each segmented character represents a test performed during
the POST. When the POST finishes, the single-character display
momentarily lights all 8 segments and then goes blank. The status LED
briefly becomes solid amber, then becomes solid green.
STEP 4. RUN THE FAST READ/WRITE TEST (DIAGNOSTIC FUNCTION
CODE F).
The Fast Read/Write Test (Diagnostic Function Code F) performs procedures
to ensure that the tape drive can read from and write to tape. The diagnostic
takes approximately 5 minutes to complete and loops continually until you
halt it. To halt the diagnostic, press the unload button. The diagnostic will
continue to the end of its current loop and then stop.
Caution
For this test, use only a scratch (blank) data cartridge or a cartridge that may be
overwritten. During the test, the tape drive overwrites the data on the cartridge.
1. Make sure that no cartridge is in the tape drive.
!
If a cartridge is in the tape drive, it will eject the first time that you
Important press the unload button and the tape drive will not be placed in
maintenance mode.
2. Within 2 seconds, press the unload button three times. The status LED
becomes solid amber and the following message displays (indicating that
the tape drive is in maintenance mode).
3. Press the unload button once per second until F appears in the
single-character display. (If you cycle past the desired code, press the
unload button once per second until the code redisplays.)
4. Press and hold the unload button for 3 seconds. After you select the
function C, flashes to indicate that the tape drive is waiting for a cartridge.
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INSTALL THE TAPE DRIVE
5.
!
Within 60 seconds, insert a scratch data cartridge.
If you fail to insert the cartridge quickly enough, the tape drive will
Important exit maintenance mode. You must then set the tape drive to
maintenance mode again and restart the test.
If you insert an invalid or write-protected data cartridge, 7 appears
in the single-character display. The tape drive unloads the
cartridge and exits maintenance mode.
6. After you insert the cartridge F flashes and the test begins:
If no error is detected, the test begins again and runs for a maximum of
10 times. Each loop takes approximately 10 minutes to run. After the
tenth loop, the test stops and the tape drive automatically exits
maintenance mode.
To halt the test, press the unload button. The tape drive acknowledges
the request by slowing the length of time that the currently displayed
character flashes on the single-character display (from twice per second
to once per second). The test continues to the end of its current loop and
then stops. The tape drive then rewinds and unloads the cartridge,
displays 0, and exits maintenance mode.
If an error is detected, the status LED flashes amber and the tape drive
posts an error code to the single-character display. To determine the
error, locate the code in Table 5-3 on page 38. The tape drive unloads the
data cartridge and exits maintenance mode.
Note:
To reset the tape drive after an error occurs, cycle power (turn it off,
then on again).
STEP 5. CONNECT THE TAPE DRIVE TO THE SCSI BUS
The SCSI bus cable connects the tape drive to the server. You can connect the
SCSI bus cable (and the terminator) to either SCSI connector on the back of the
tape drive. Make sure the cable is a wide Ultra2 SCSI LVD cable with a 68-pin,
high-density male connector.
Caution
AUGUST 2005
Do not use a noncompliant SCSI cable; it will degrade the tape drive’s
performance and can cause random, nonreproducible errors.
EXABYTE MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2)
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CHAPTER 2 — INSTALLING THE TAPE DRIVE
Guidelines for Connecting to SCSI
Keep these guidelines in mind as you plan your SCSI connections:
For maximum performance, limit the number of tape drives that you attach
to one SCSI bus. The maximum number is based on the type of bus that you
have and the amount of data compression achieved. Ultra SCSI buses have
a bandwidth of 40 MB per second; Ultra2 SCSI buses have a bandwidth of
80 MB per second; Ultra160 SCSI buses have a bandwidth of 160 MB per
second.
The Magnum Tape Drive (LTO-2) is capable of data transfer rates of up to
35 MB per second with no compression and 70 MB per second at 2:1
compression. For these reasons, you should attach only one Magnum Tape
Drive (LTO-2) to an Ultra SCSI bus, one or two LTO-2 tape drives to an
Ultra2 SCSI bus, and one to four LTO-2 tape drives to an Ultra160 SCSI bus.
Make sure the SCSI bus is LVD. Do not connect the tape drive to a
high-voltage differential (HVD) SCSI bus.
Do not connect single-ended SCSI devices. Although single-ended SCSI is
compatible with LVD SCSI, Exabyte does not support connecting
single-ended devices to the SCSI bus attached to the tape drive.
Do not connect the tape drive to a RAID controller. The tape drive will not
operated if it is connected to a RAID controller.
Do not exceed SCSI bus length restrictions. For an LVD bus with a single
device, do not use a total cabling length that exceeds 25 m (82 ft.). The
maximum allowable length of an LVD SCSI bus is 12 meters (39 feet) if you
have more than two devices on the bus. Make sure the SCSI bus attached to
the tape drive does not exceed this length.
Make sure the SCSI bus is properly terminated. You must install a
terminator on the device at the physical end of the SCSI bus. If the tape drive
terminates the SCSI bus, you must install the required terminator on one of
the tape drive’s SCSI connectors.
To connect the tape drive to the SCSI bus:
1. Turn off the tape drive.
2. If the server’s SCSI bus is in operation, stop all activity on the bus that you
are connecting to (for instructions about how to stop SCSI bus activity, refer
to your server’s documentation).
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INSTALL THE TAPE DRIVE
3. Configure your SCSI connections.
If the tape drive is the last or only device on the SCSI bus, connect a SCSI
cable between the tape drive and the server, as shown in Figure 2-2.
Install a terminator on the unused SCSI connector
Terminator
SCSI cable
Host bus adapter
SCSI connector
Figure 2-2 Tape drive is last or only device on the SCSI bus
If the tape drive is one of multiple devices on the SCSI bus, connect SCSI
cables between the tape drive and other devices on the bus, as shown in
Figure 2-3. If there are additional devices on the SCSI bus, ensure that
only the device at the physical end of the bus is terminated.
!
To avoid potential damage to your SCSI devices, do not mix LVD
Important and HVD/DIFF SCSI host bus adapters, tape drives, or terminators
on the same bus.
!
Important Do not connect the tape drive to a RAID controller.
Host bus adapter
SCSI connector
Terminator
SCSI cable
Figure 2-3 Another peripheral is the last device on SCSI bus
4. Power on the host computer system.
AUGUST 2005
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CHAPTER 2 — INSTALLING THE TAPE DRIVE
STEP 6. INSTALL DEVICE DRIVERS
Device drivers are software that enables the tape drive to interact with a
variety of servers. The latest levels of device drivers and driver documentation
for the tape drive are available on the Support section of Exabyte’s web site,
www.exabyte.com. For applications that use other device drivers, refer to the
application’s documentation to determine which drivers to use.
If you intend to use your drive with an existing or new commercial software
application, refer to that application’s installation instructions to install the
device driver and configure the tape drive.
Note:
If you intend to use your tape drive with a commercial software
application, it is recommended that you use the tape drivers provided
with the software instead of the device driver provided on the web
site. Only install a device driver from the web if the instructions from
your commercial software application tell you to do so.
If you do not intend to use your drive with a commercial software
application, download and install the device driver from Exabyte’s web site,
www.exabyte.com. Refer to the installation instructions on the download
page.
STEP 7. CONFIGURE THE TAPE DRIVE TO THE SERVER
To configure the tape drive for use, refer to the documentation for your server
and application software.
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3
OPERATING THE TAPE DRIVE
This chapter describes how to operate the tape drive.
USING THE FRONT PANEL CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
Figure 3-1 shows the controls and indicators on the front panel of the tape
drive. The following sections describe using these controls and indicators.
Door
On/Off
switch
Single-character
display
Power
indicator
Status LED
Unload button
Figure 3-1 Front-panel components
USING THE POWER SWITCH
The power switch is a push button switch that lets you turn the tape drive on
or off.
To power the tape drive on, push the power switch once. The power
indicator will light when power is on.
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CHAPTER 3 — OPERATING THE TAPE DRIVE
To power it off, push the switch again. When you place the power switch in
the off position, the primary electrical power within the enclosure is still
active. If you do not want electrical power to be present in the enclosure,
unplug the tape drive’s power cord from the receptacle at the rear of the
tape drive (see Figure 1-2 on page 3).
USING THE UNLOAD BUTTON
The unload button enables you to perform the following functions:
Rewind the tape into the cartridge and eject the cartridge from the tape
drive. For more information, see “Unloading a Cartridge” on page 18.
Enter or exit maintenance mode, or perform diagnostic or maintenance
functions. For more information, see“Using the Tape Drive Diagnostic and
Maintenance Functions” on page 47.
Perform a panic reset of the tape drive. To perform a panic reset, press and
hold the unload button on the tape drive for 10 seconds. The tape drive
forces a dump and overwrites the existing dump. The tape drive then
reboots to allow communication.
!
If the tape drive detected a permanent error and displayed an
Important error code, it automatically forces a drive dump (also known as a
save of the firmware trace). If you perform a panic reset of the
tape drive, the existing dump will be overwritten and lost.
MONITORING THE STATUS LED
The status LED provides information about the state of the tape drive. The
light can be green or amber, and (when lit) solid or flashing. Table 3-1 lists the
conditions of the status LED and provides an explanation of what each
condition means.
Table 3-1 Meaning of Status LED Activity
Color/Condition
Meaning
Off
The tape drive has no power or is powered off.
Green/Solid
The tape drive is powered on and is idle.
Green/Flashing
The tape drive is reading from the tape, writing to the tape, rewinding the tape,
locating data on the tape, loading the tape, or unloading the tape.
The status LED also flashes green if the tape drive contains a cartridge during the
power-on cycle. In this case, the tape drive completes POST and slowly rewinds
the tape (the process may take approximately 13 minutes). The light stops blinking
and becomes solid when the tape drive completes the recovery and is ready for
a read or write operation. To eject the cartridge, press the unload button.
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LOADING A CARTRIDGE
Table 3-1 Meaning of Status LED Activity (continued)
Color/Condition
Meaning
Amber/Solid
The tape drive is powering on, is resetting, or is in maintenance mode.
Amber/Flashing
One of the following applies:
ƒ If the light flashes once per two seconds (0.5 Hz rate), the tape drive detected
an error and is performing a microcode recovery procedure. If the recovery is
successful, the error condition will reset automatically.
ƒ If the status LED flashes once per second (1 Hz rate), an error occurred and the
tape drive or media may require service, or the tape drive may require cleaning.
Note the code displayed on the single character display, then go to Table 5-3
on page 38 to determine the meaning of the error code.
ƒ If the status LED flashes twice per second (2 Hz rate) rate, the tape drive is
updating firmware.
MONITORING THE SINGLE-CHARACTER DISPLAY
The single-character display is blank during normal operation. When needed,
the single-character display provides the following information:
Error conditions and informational messages. Table 5-3 on page 38 lists the
codes for error conditions and informational messages. If multiple errors
occur, the code with the highest priority (represented by the lowest number)
displays first. When the error is corrected, the code with the next highest
priority displays, and so on until no errors remain.
Diagnostic or maintenance functions. “Using the Tape Drive Diagnostic and
Maintenance Functions” on page 47 describes the single-character codes
used for diagnostic or maintenance functions.
If a drive dump is present while the tape drive is in maintenance mode, a
single red dot illuminates on the display. To copy the dump to tape, see
“Function Code 5 — Copy Drive Dump to Tape (at Beginning of Tape)” on
page 52.
The red dot turns off when you obtain the dump (by using an firmware
update tape, a SCSI command, or a library command). If no dump is present
while the tape drive is in maintenance mode, the single red dot does not
illuminate.
LOADING A CARTRIDGE
To insert a data cartridge:
1. Ensure that the tape drive is powered-on.
2. Ensure that the write-protect switch is properly set (see “Setting the
Write-Protect Switch” on page 24.
AUGUST 2005
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CHAPTER 3 — OPERATING THE TAPE DRIVE
3. Grasp the cartridge so that the write-protect switch faces you, as shown in
Figure 3-2.
Write-protect
switch
Figure 3-2 Inserting a cartridge into the tape drive
4. Slide the cartridge through the door and into the tape load compartment.
Notes:
If the cartridge is already in an ejected position and you want to reinsert it,
remove the cartridge then insert it again.
If the cartridge is already loaded and you cycle the power (turn it off, then
on), the tape will reload.
UNLOADING A CARTRIDGE
To unload a cartridge:
1. Ensure that the tape drive is powered-on.
2. Press the unload button. The tape drive does the following:
Completes any command in process
Writes any buffered information to tape
Rewinds to the beginning of the tape
Writes any pertinent information to the cartridge memory
Partially ejects the cartridge
3. Grasp the partially ejected cartridge and remove it from the tape drive.
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CLEANING THE TAPE DRIVE HEAD
CLEANING THE TAPE DRIVE HEAD
This section describes when and how to clean the tape drive to maintain
optimal performance. Circulating air may introduce debris into the tape path.
If debris builds up on the heads, error rates increase and backups take longer
because the tape drive must rewrite the data. When necessary, clean the tape
drive using an LTO Ultrium cleaning cartridge to maximize drive reliability
and the life of your tapes.
DETERMINING WHEN TO CLEAN THE TAPE DRIVE
When the tape drive requires cleaning, C displays on the single-character
display and the status LED flashes amber. The tape drive should be cleaned as
soon as possible after notification.
Note: Some software applications may notify you that the tape drive requires
cleaning. Refer to your software documentation for more information.
USING A CLEANING CARTRIDGE
Insert a LTO Ultrium Cleaning Cartridge into the tape drive. The tape drive
automatically performs the cleaning cycle. When finished, the tape drive
ejects the cleaning cartridge.
Caution
Do not use any cleaning method other than the LTO Ultrium Cleaning Cartridge
(or a cleaning cartridge approved by Exabyte for use with LTO-2 drives). Using
other cleaning methods may void the tape drive’s warranty.
Do not rewind and reuse the material in a cleaning cartridge. Reuse may
redistribute contaminants previously removed from the tape path. If all cleaning
material has been used, discard the cartridge and use a new cleaning cartridge.
RESETTING THE TAPE DRIVE
Caution
Before resetting the tape drive, make sure that it is not performing any operations
and is not communicating over the SCSI bus.
To reset the tape drive, perform one of the following steps:
Power the tape drive off and then on again.
Send a bus device reset (0Ch) message to the tape drive. A device reset clears
all input/output (I/O) processes on that SCSI bus.
Send a SCSI bus reset. (Make sure no other devices are using the SCSI bus.)
AUGUST 2005
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CHAPTER 3 — OPERATING THE TAPE DRIVE
USING THE TAPE BACKUP SOFTWARE
Refer To the user’s operating guide supplied with your tape backup
application.
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4
USING DATA CARTRIDGES
DESCRIPTION
Use only data cartridges and cleaning cartridges designed specifically for LTO
Ultrium tape drives. The Magnum Tape Drive (LTO-2) supports the following
cartridge types:
LTO Ultrium 200 GB data cartridges (Generation 2), which are purple
LTO Ultrium 100 GB data cartridges (Generation 1), which are black
LTO cleaning cartridge
For maximum capacity, use Ultrium 2 data cartridges. You can purchase
Ultrium 1 and Ultrium 2 data cartridges, as well as LTO cleaning cartridges,
from Exabyte.
Figure 4-1 shows the LTO Ultrium 200 GB data cartridge and its components.
Insertion guide
Cartridge door
Write-protect
switch
Label area
Leader pin
LTO cartridge memory
chip (LTO-CM)
Figure 4-1 LTO Ultrium 200 GB data cartridge components
Cartridge door The cartridge door protects the tape from contamination
when the cartridge is out of the tape drive.
AUGUST 2005
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CHAPTER 4 — USING DATA CARTRIDGES
Leader pin Behind the door, the tape is attached to a leader pin. When you
insert the cartridge into the tape drive, a threading mechanism pulls the pin
(and tape) out of the cartridge, across the tape drive head, and onto a
non-removable take-up reel. The head can then read or write data from or to
the tape.
Linear Tape-Open Cartridge Memory (LTO-CM) chip The LTO Ultrium 200
GB Data Cartridge includes a Linear Tape-Open Cartridge Memory (LTO-CM)
chip, that stores information about the cartridge and the tape (such as the
name of the manufacturer that created the tape), as well as statistical
information about the cartridge’s use. Whenever you unload a data cartridge,
the tape drive writes any pertinent information to the cartridge memory. The
storage capacity of the LTO-CM is 4096 bytes.
Label area The label area provides a location for you to place a label. Affix
only a bar code label. When affixing a label, place it only in the recessed label
area. A label that extends outside of the recessed area can cause loading
problems in the tape drive.
Write-protect switch The write-protect switch prevents data from being
written to the data cartridge.
Insertion guide The insertion guide is a large, notched area that prevents you
from inserting the cartridge incorrectly.
Media (not shown) The LTO Ultrium 200 GB Data Cartridge contains
1/2-inch, dual-coat, metal-particle tape that has a native data capacity of
200 GB (400 GB at 2:1 compression). When processing the tape, the tape drive
uses a linear, serpentine recording format, and reads and writes data on
512 tracks, eight tracks at a time. The first set of eight tracks is written from
near the beginning of the tape to near the end of the tape. The head then
repositions to the next set of eight tracks for the return pass. This process
continues until all tracks are written and the tape is full, or until all data is
written.
SPECIFICATIONS
CARTRIDGE COMPATIBILITY
Table 4-1 shows the cartridge and write/read format compatibility for the
Magnum Tape Drive (LTO-2).
Table 4-1 Tape drive cartridge and format compatibility
Cartridge
22
Generation 2 Format
Generation 1 Format
Read
Write
Read
Write
LTO Ultrium 200 GB (LTO-2)
✔
✔
✔
No
LTO Ultrium 100 GB (LTO-1)
✔
✔
✔
✔
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SPECIFICATIONS
DATA CAPACITIES
Table 4-2 lists the data capacities for the LTO Ultrium data cartridges.
Table 4-2 Data capacities in gigabytes (GB)
Cartridge
Capacity,a Native
Capacity,a Compressedb
LTO Ultrium 200 GB
(Generation 2)
200 GBc
400 GB
LTO Ultrium 100 GB
(Generation 1)
100 GB
200 GB
a
Maximum capacity; assumes the host computer keeps the tape drive streaming.
b
Assumes a 2:1 compression ratio. Actual compressed capacity varies depending on the type of data being
recorded.
c
One gigabyte equals 1,000,000,000 bytes.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SHIPPING SPECIFICATIONS FOR DATA
CARTRIDGES
Table 4-3 gives the environment for operating, storing, and shipping LTO
Ultrium data cartridges.
Table 4-3 Environment for operating, storing, and shipping the LTO Ultrium data cartridge
Operating
Operational
Storagea
Archival
Storageb
Shipping
10 to 45°C
(50 to 113°F)
16 to 32°C
(61 to 90°F)
16 to 25°C
(61 to 77°F)
–23 to 49°C
(–9 to 120°F)
Relative humidity
(noncondensing)
10 to 80%
20 to 80%
20 to 50%
5 to 80%
Wet bulb temperature
26°C (79°F)
26°C (79°F)
26°C (79°F)
26°C (79°F)
Environmental Factor
Temperature
a
Operational storage equals less than 1 year.
b
Archival storage equals 1 to 10 years.
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CHAPTER 4 — USING DATA CARTRIDGES
SETTING THE WRITE-PROTECT SWITCH
The position of the write-protect switch on the data cartridge, shown in
Figure 4-1, determines whether you can write to the tape.
Write-protect
switch
Figure 4-2 Setting the write-protect switch
Before you insert a cartridge into the tape drive, slide the write-protect switch
on the cartridge to the desired position, as follows:
If the switch is set to the unlocked
written to the tape.
(solid red) position, data cannot be
If the switch is set to the unlocked (black void) position, data can be written
to the tape.
HANDLING DATA CARTRIDGES
Caution
Do not insert a damaged tape cartridge into your tape drive. A damaged cartridge
can interfere with the reliability of the drive and may void the warranties of the
drive and the cartridge. Before inserting a tape cartridge, inspect the cartridge
case, cartridge door, and write-protect switch for breaks.
If you need to recover data from a damaged cartridge, contact Exabyte Technical
Support (see page iv).
Incorrect handling or an incorrect environment can damage the LTO Ultrium
data cartridge or its magnetic tape. To avoid damage to your tape cartridges
and to ensure the continued high reliability of your Magnum Tape Drive
(LTO-2), follow the guidelines in the following sections.
PROVIDE TRAINING
Post procedures that describe proper media handling in places where
people gather.
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HANDLING DATA CARTRIDGES
Ensure that anyone who handles tape has been properly trained in handling
and shipping procedures. This includes operators, users, programmers,
archival services, and shipping personnel.
Ensure that any service or contract personnel who perform archiving are
properly trained in media-handling procedures.
Include media-handling procedures as part of any services contract.
Define and make personnel aware of data recovery procedures.
PROVIDE PROPER ACCLIMATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Before you use a data cartridge, acclimate it to the operating environment
for 24 hours or the time necessary to prevent condensation in the drive (the
time will vary, depending on the environmental extremes to which the drive
was exposed).
Ensure that all surfaces of a cartridge are dry before inserting it.
Do not expose the cartridge to moisture or direct sunlight.
Do not expose recorded or blank cartridges to stray magnetic fields of
greater than 100 oersteds (for example, terminals, motors, video equipment,
X-ray equipment, or fields that exist near high-current cables or power
supplies). Such exposure can cause the loss of recorded data or make the
blank cartridge unusable.
Maintain the conditions that are described in “Environmental and Shipping
Specifications for Data Cartridges” on page 23.
PERFORM A THOROUGH INSPECTION
After purchasing a cartridge and before using it, perform the following steps:
Inspect the cartridge’s packaging to determine potential rough handling.
When inspecting a cartridge, open only the cartridge door. Do not open any
other part of the cartridge case. The upper and lower parts of the case are
held together with screws; separating them destroys the usefulness of the
cartridge.
Inspect the cartridge for damage before using or storing it.
Inspect the rear of the cartridge (the part that you load first into the tape load
compartment) and ensure that there are no gaps in the seam of the cartridge
case. If there are gaps in the seam, the leader pin may be dislodged. Contact
Exabyte Technical Support for assistance (see “Contacting Exabyte” on
page iv).
If you suspect that the cartridge has been mishandled but it appears usable,
copy any data onto a good cartridge immediately for possible data recovery.
Discard the mishandled cartridge.
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CHAPTER 4 — USING DATA CARTRIDGES
If you must recover data from a damaged cartridge, contact Exabyte
Technical Support for assistance (see “Contacting Exabyte” on page iv).
Review handling and shipping procedures.
HANDLE THE CARTRIDGE CAREFULLY
Do not drop the cartridge. If the cartridge drops, slide the cartridge door
back and ensure that the leader pin is properly seated in the pin-retaining
spring clips. If the leader pin has become dislodged, contact Exabyte
Technical Support for assistance (see “Contacting Exabyte” on page iv).
Do not handle tape that is outside the cartridge. Handling the tape can
damage the tape’s surface or edges, which may interfere with read or write
reliability. Pulling on tape that is outside the cartridge can damage the tape
and the brake mechanism in the cartridge.
Do not stack more than six cartridges.
Do not degauss a cartridge that you intend to reuse. Degaussing makes the
tape unusable.
CARTRIDGE STORAGE GUIDELINES
As a general rule, use a new (or relatively unused) cartridge to store any
critical data you may need to recover many years from now. Do not use a
cartridge that has reached its retirement point. For routine backups that get
overwritten each day or week, it is acceptable to reuse cartridges until they are
ready for retirement.
The best storage container for the cartridges (until they are opened) is the
original shipping container. The plastic wrapping prevents dirt from
accumulating on the cartridges and partially protects them from humidity
changes.
Proper storage of cartridges helps prevent media-related problems. To ensure
successful archival storage, follow these guidelines:
Remove the cartridge from the tape drive and store it as soon as possible
after you have finished writing or reading data. Avoid handling the
cartridge excessively. Never open the cartridge door or touch the tape.
Label each cartridge.
Set the cartridge write-protect switch to prevent accidental over-writing by
moving the switch to the edge of the cartridge. (See page 24.)
Keep each cartridge in its protective case or a container designed for
cartridge storage.
Store cartridges away from copiers and printers to avoid contamination by
toner and paper dust.
Store cartridges away from objects or devices that emit strong magnetic fields.
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REPOSITIONING OR REATTACHING A LEADER PIN
ENSURE PROPER PACKAGING FOR SHIPMENT
When you ship a cartridge, place it in its jewel case or in a sealed,
moisture-proof bag to protect it from moisture, contaminants, and physical
damage. Ship the cartridge in a shipping container that has enough packing
material to cushion the cartridge and prevent it from moving within the
container.
When you ship a cartridge, ship it in its original or better packaging.
Always ship or store a cartridge in a jewel case.
Use only a recommended shipping container that securely holds the
cartridge in its jewel case during transportation. Ultrium Turtlecases (by
Perm-A-Store) have been tested and found to be satisfactory. They are
available at www.turtlecase.com.
Never ship a cartridge in a commercial shipping envelope. Always place it
in a box or package.
If you ship the cartridge in a cardboard box or a box of a sturdy material,
ensure the following:
Place the cartridge in polyethylene plastic wrap or bags to protect it from
dust, moisture, and other contaminants.
Pack the cartridge snugly; do not allow it to move around.
Double-box the cartridge (place it inside a box, then place that box inside
the shipping box) and add padding between the two boxes.
REPOSITIONING OR REATTACHING A LEADER PIN
The following sections describe how to reposition or reattach the leader pin in
a damaged data cartridge.
Caution
Use a repaired tape cartridge only to recover data and move it to another
cartridge. Continued use of a repaired cartridge may void the warranties of the
drive and the cartridge. If the leader pin in your cartridge becomes dislodged from
its pin-retaining spring clips or detaches from the tape, you must use the IBM
Leader Pin Reattachment Kit to reposition or reattach it. Check the IBM web site
for information about ordering this kit (see page xiv). (Do not reattach the pin if
you must remove more than 7 meters (23 feet) of leader tape.)
To place the leader pin in its proper position, you will need the following tools:
Plastic or blunt-end tweezers
Cartridge manual rewind tool (from Leader Pin Reattachment Kit)
Note:
AUGUST 2005
Contact IBM (see page xiv) for information about ordering the IBM
Leader Pin Reattachment Kit (part number 08L9129).
EXABYTE MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2)
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CHAPTER 4 — USING DATA CARTRIDGES
REPOSITIONING A LEADER PIN
A leader pin that is improperly seated inside a cartridge can interfere with the
operation of the drive. Figure 4-3 shows a leader pin in the incorrect
and
correct
positions.
Note: The cartridge
door is open and the
leader pin is visible
inside the cartridge.
Figure 4-3 Leader pin in the incorrect and correct positions
To reposition the leader pin, perform the following steps.
1. Slide open the cartridge door ( in Figure 4-4) and locate the leader pin
(you may need to shake the cartridge gently to roll the pin toward the
door).
2. With plastic or blunt-end tweezers, grasp the leader pin and position it in
the pin-retaining spring clips .
3. Press the leader pin gently into the clips until it snaps into place and is
firmly seated. Ensure that there are no gaps in the seam of the cartridge
!
.
If gaps exist, do not continue with this procedure and do not use
Important the cartridge. Instead, contact Exabyte Technical Support (see
page iv).
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REPOSITIONING OR REATTACHING A LEADER PIN
4. Close the cartridge door.
Note: The cartridge
door is open to show
the leader pin.
Figure 4-4 Placing a dislodged leader pin into the correct position
5. To rewind the tape, insert the cartridge manual rewind tool ( in
Figure 4-5) into the cartridge’s hub
and turn it clockwise until the tape
becomes taut.
6. Remove the rewind tool by pulling it away from the cartridge.
Figure 4-5 Rewinding the tape into the cartridge
REATTACHING A LEADER PIN
The first meter of tape in a cartridge is leader tape. Once the leader tape has
been removed there is a possibility of tape breakage. After reattaching the
leader pin, transfer data from the defective tape cartridge. Do not reuse the
defective tape cartridge.
The Leader Pin Reattachment Kit contains three parts:
Leader pin attach tool (see
cartridge door open.
AUGUST 2005
in Figure 4-6). A plastic brace that holds the
EXABYTE MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2)
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CHAPTER 4 — USING DATA CARTRIDGES
Cartridge manual rewind tool (see
in Figure 4-6). A device that fits into
the cartridge’s hub and lets you wind the tape into and out of the cartridge.
Pin supplies (see
Note:
!
in Figure 4-6). Leader pins and C-clips.
Contact IBM (see page xiv) for information about ordering the IBM
Leader Pin Reattachment Kit (part number 08L9129).
Important
ƒ Use only the IBM Leader Pin Reattachment Kit to reattach the
leader pin to the tape. Other methods of reattaching the pin will
damage the tape, the drive, or both.
ƒ Use this procedure on your tape cartridge only when the leader
pin detaches from the magnetic tape and you must copy the
cartridge’s data onto another cartridge. Destroy the damaged
cartridge after you copy the data. This procedure may affect the
performance of the leader pin during threading and unloading
operations.
ƒ Touch only the end of the tape. Touching the tape in an area other
than the end can damage the tape’s surface or edges, which may
interfere with read or write reliability
Figure 4-6 Leader pin reattachment kit
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REPOSITIONING OR REATTACHING A LEADER PIN
The following procedure describes reattaching a leader pin by using the IBM
Leader Pin Reattachment Kit:
1. Attach the leader pin attach tool ( in Figure 4-7) to the cartridge so that
the tool’s hook
latches into the cartridge’s door . Pull the tool back to
hold the door open, then slide the tool onto the cartridge. Open the tool’s
pivot arm .
Note: To hold the cartridge door
open, hook the tool into the
door and pull the tool back.
Figure 4-7 Attaching the leader pin tool to the cartridge
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CHAPTER 4 — USING DATA CARTRIDGES
2. To find the end of the tape inside the cartridge, attach the cartridge manual
rewind tool ( in Figure 4-8) to the cartridge’s hub
by fitting the tool’s
teeth between the teeth of the hub. Turn the tool clockwise until you see the
end of the tape inside the cartridge. Then, slowly turn the rewind tool
counterclockwise to bring the tape edge toward the cartridge door .
Note: Turn the cartridge manual
rewind tool clockwise to see the
end of the tape, then turn it
counterclockwise to bring the
tape to the cartridge door.
Figure 4-8 WInding the tape out of the cartridge
3. Continue to turn the rewind tool counterclockwise until approximately
12.7 cm (5 in.) of tape hangs from the cartridge door. If necessary, grasp the
tape and pull gently to unwind it from the cartridge.
4. Remove the rewind tool by pulling it away from the cartridge. Set the tool
and the cartridge aside.
5. On the leader pin ( in Figure 4-9), locate the open side of the C-clip
The C-clip is a small black part that secures the tape
to the pin.
.
6. Remove the C-clip from the leader pin by using your fingers to push the
clip away from the pin. Set the pin aside and discard the clip.
Note: Use your fingers to
push the C-clip off the leader
pin
Figure 4-9 Removing the C-clip from the leader pin
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REPOSITIONING OR REATTACHING A LEADER PIN
7. Position the tape in the alignment groove of the leader pin attach tool
(see
in Figure 4-10).
8. Place a new C-clip into the retention groove
(Figure 4-10) on the leader
pin attachment tool and make sure that the clip’s open side faces up.
9. Place the leader pin (from step 6 on page 32) into the cavity
of the leader pin attach tool.
!
(Figure 4-10)
To prevent the leader pin from rolling into the cartridge, in the
Important following step use care when folding the tape over the pin.
10. Fold the tape over the leader pin and hold it with your fingers (see
Figure 4-10).
Note:
Use care to ensure that the tape is centered over the leader pin.
Failure to properly center the tape on the pin will cause the repaired
cartridge to fail. When the tape is properly centered, a 0.25-mm
(0.01-in.) gap exists on both sides of the pin.
Figure 4-10 Attaching the leader pin to the tape
11. Close the pivot arm
of the leader pin attach tool by swinging it over the
leader pin so that the C-clip snaps onto the pin and the tape.
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CHAPTER 4 — USING DATA CARTRIDGES
12. Swing the pivot arm open and trim the excess tape
the reattached leader pin .
so that it is flush with
13. Use your fingers to remove the leader pin from the cavity
pin attach tool.
in the leader
14. Use the cartridge manual rewind tool to wind the tape back into the
cartridge wind the tape clockwise). Ensure that the leader pin is latched by
the pin-retaining spring clips on each end of the leader pin.
15. Remove the rewind tool.
16. Remove the leader pin attach tool by lifting its end up and away from the
cartridge.
!
Use a repaired tape cartridge only to recover data and move it to
Important another cartridge. Continued use of a repaired cartridge may void
the warranties of the drive and the cartridge.
DISPOSING OF TAPE CARTRIDGES
Under the current rules of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
regulation 40CFR261, the LTO Ultrium data cartridge is classified as
non-hazardous waste. As such, it may be disposed of in the same way as
normal office trash. These regulations are amended from time to time, and you
should review them at the time of disposal.
If your local, state, country (non-U.S.A.), or regional regulations are more
restrictive than EPA 40CFR261, you must review them before you dispose of a
cartridge. Contact IBM (see page xiv) for information about the materials that
are in the cartridge.
If a tape cartridge must be disposed of in a secure manner, you can erase the
data on the cartridge by using a high-energy AC degausser (use a minimum of
1200 oersted peak field over the entire space that the cartridge occupies).
Degaussing makes the cartridge unusable.
If you burn the cartridge and tape, ensure that the incineration complies with
all applicable regulations.
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5
TROUBLESHOOTING AND
DIAGNOSTICS
This chapter describes problems that you might encounter while operating the
Magnum Tape Drive (LTO-2) and provides suggestions for resolving the
problems.
Note: The Support section of the Exabyte web site, www.exabyte.com, also
provides helpful troubleshooting tips.
PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
If you encounter problems when running the tape drive, refer to Table 5-1. If
the problem is not identified in Table 5-1, refer to “Methods of Receiving Errors
and Messages,” beginning on page 5-37. The color and condition of the status
LED may also indicate a problem. For more information, see Table 3-1 on
page 16.
Table 5-1 Troubleshooting tips for the tape drive
If the problem is this....
A code displays on the
single-character display and the
status LED flashes amber.
Do this....
The tape drive detected an error or is directing you to an informational
message. See Table 5-3 on page 38.
The status LED or single-character The tape drive has no power. Check the power at the power source.
display never turns on.
Connect power to the tape drive (see Step 3. “Connect Power” on
page 10). If the problem persists, replace the tape drive.
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CHAPTER 5 — TROUBLESHOOTING AND DIAGNOSTICS
Table 5-1 Troubleshooting tips for the tape drive (continued)
If the problem is this....
Do this....
The tape drive will not load a data One of the following has occurred:
cartridge.
ƒ A data cartridge is already inserted. To remove the cartridge, press
the unload button. If the cartridge does not eject, turn off the power
to the tape drive, then turn it back on. After the status LED becomes
solid green, press the unload button to eject the cartridge.
ƒ The data cartridge was inserted incorrectly. To properly insert a
cartridge, see “Loading a Cartridge” on page 17.
ƒ The data cartridge may be defective. Insert another data cartridge.
If the problem exists for multiple cartridges, the tape drive is
defective. Replace the tape drive.
ƒ The tape drive has no power. Connect power to the tape drive (see
Step 6. “Install Device Drivers” on page 14).
The tape drive will not unload the The data cartridge is stuck or is broken. Press the unload button. If the
data cartridge.
cartridge does not eject, turn off the power to the tape drive, then turn
it back on (note that the mid-tape recovery could take up to 5 minutes
to complete). If the cartridge still does not eject, contact Exabyte
Technical Support (see page iv).
The server received TapeAlert
flags.
See “Supported TapeAlert Flags” on page 44.
The server reported SCSI
problems (such as selection or
command time-outs, or parity
errors).
See “Fixing SCSI Bus Errors” on page 41
Codes display on the singlecharacter display, but the status
LED does not turn on.
The tape drive is defective. Replace the tape drive.
The tape drive does not respond
to server commands.
1. Press and hold the unload button on the tape drive for 10 seconds
to force a drive dump. The tape drive will save the dump and then
reboot to allow communication to the tape drive to occur. Do not
cycle power, as this will erase the contents of the dump.
2. If the problem persists, contact Exabyte Technical Support (see
page iv).
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PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
METHODS OF RECEIVING ERRORS AND MESSAGES
Use Table 5-2 as a guide for identifying error codes and message codes
reported by the tape drive, its enclosure (if applicable), or the server.
Note: The codes on the single-character display have different meanings,
depending on whether they display during normal operations or while the
tape drive is in maintenance mode. Codes that occur during normal
operations are defined in Table 5-3. Codes that occur while in
maintenance mode are defined in “Using the Tape Drive Diagnostic and
Maintenance Functions” on page 47.
Table 5-2 Methods of receiving errors and messages for the tape drive
If the error or message was Do this....
presented by....
The tape drive’s
single-character display and
the status LED flashes amber
See Table 3-1 on page 16 to determine the meaning of status LED activity.
See Table 5-3 on page 38 to determine the meaning of the code on the
single-character display.
The tape drive’s
single-character display and
the status LED is solid amber
See Table 3-1 on page 16 to determine the meaning of status LED activity.
See Table 5-3 on page 38 to determine the meaning of the code on the
single-character display.
SCSI log sense data (such as
TapeAlert flags) or SCSI drive
sense data at the server
console
See Table 5-4 on page 44 for a description of the supported TapeAlert
flags. See Table 5-3 on page 38 to determine the meaning of the code on
the single-character display.
The tape drive’s error log
See Table 5-3 on page 38 to determine the meaning of the code on the
single-character display
DESCRIPTIONS AND CORRECTIVE ACTIONS FOR ERRORS AND
MESSAGES
Table 5-3 describes the errors and messages that appear on the tape drive’s
single-character display and in the tape drive’s error log, and tells what to do
when you receive them.
Note: The single-character display clears when you power-off the tape drive,
remove the data cartridge, or place the tape drive in maintenance mode.
!
If the tape drive detects a permanent error and displays an error
Important code other than 0, it automatically performs a drive dump. If you
force a drive dump, the existing dump will be overwritten and
data will be lost. After you force a drive dump, do not turn off the
power to the tape drive or you may lose the dump data.
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Table 5-3 Tape drive codes for error conditions and informational messages
Code Cause and Action
0
No error occurred and no action is required. This code displays:
ƒ When power is cycled (turned off, then on) to the tape drive.
ƒ When diagnostics have finished running and no error occurred.
Note: The single-character display is blank during normal operation of the tape drive.
1
Cooling problem. The tape drive detected that the recommended operating temperature was
exceeded. Perform the following action:
1. Remove any blockage that prevents air from flowing freely through the tape drive.
2. Ensure that the operating temperature is within the specified range (see “Environmental
Conditions for the Tape Drive” on page 64).
3. If the operating temperature is within the specified range and the problem persists, replace
the tape drive
2
Power problem. The tape drive detected that the externally supplied power is either
approaching the specified voltage limits (the tape drive is still operating) or is outside the specified
voltage limits (the tape drive is not operating). Perform the following action:
1. Ensure that the power connector is properly seated.
2. Ensure that the proper voltages are being applied within the tolerances allowed (see “Power
Specifications” on page 64).
3. If the proper voltages are being applied but the problem persists, replace the tape drive.
3
Firmware problem. The tape drive determined that a firmware error occurred. Perform the
following action:
Note: Do not force a new dump; the tape drive has already created one.
1. Collect a drive dump do one of the following:
ƒ Use LTO Tool (see “Obtaining a Drive Dump” on page 61.
ƒ Use the server’s SCSI interface by using a device driver utility or system tool. To obtain a
dump, determine whether your server is installed with a utility that can read files from the
server’s memory. If it is, use that utility to obtain the dump.
ƒ Use the tape drive diagnostics (see “Function Code 5 — Copy Drive Dump to Tape (at
Beginning of Tape)” on page 52).
2. Power the tape drive off and on, then retry the operation that produced the error.
3. If the problem persists, download and install new firmware (see “Upgrading Firmware” on
page 60) and retry the operation.
4. If the problem still persists, contact Exabyte Technical Support (see page iv).
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Table 5-3 Tape drive codes for error conditions and informational messages
Code Cause and Action
4
Firmware or drive problem. The tape drive determined that a firmware or drive hardware failure
occurred. Perform the following action:
Note: Do not force a new dump; the tape drive has already created one.
1. Collect a drive dump do one of the following:
ƒ Use LTO Tool (see “Obtaining a Drive Dump” on page 61.
ƒ Use the server’s SCSI interface by using a device driver utility or system tool. To obtain a
dump, determine whether your server is installed with a utility that can read files from the
server’s memory. If it is, use that utility to obtain the dump.
ƒ Use the tape drive diagnostics (see “Function Code 5 — Copy Drive Dump to Tape (at
Beginning of Tape)” on page 52).
2. Power the tape drive off and on, then retry the operation that produced the error. The error
code clears when you power-off the tape drive or place it in maintenance mode.
3. If the problem persists, download new firmware and retry the operation.
4. If new firmware is not available or does not solve the problem, replace the tape drive.
5
Drive hardware problem. The tape drive determined that a tape path or read/write error
occurred. To prevent damage to the tape drive or tape, the tape drive will not allow you to insert
a cartridge if the current cartridge was successfully ejected. The error code may clear when you
cycle power to the tape drive or place it in maintenance mode. If the problem persists, replace
the tape drive.
6
Drive or media error. The tape drive determined that an error occurred, but it cannot isolate the
error to faulty hardware or to the data cartridge. Perform the following action:
For Problems with Writing Data:
If the problem occurred while the tape drive was writing data to the tape, and if you know the
volume serial number (located on the cartridge label) of the data cartridge loaded in the tape
drive when the problem occurred, retry the operation with a different cartridge:
ƒ If the operation succeeds, the original cartridge was defective. Copy data from the defective
cartridge and discard it.
ƒ If the operation fails and another drive is available, insert the cartridge into the other drive and
retry the operation.
ƒ If the operation fails, discard the defective cartridge.
ƒ If the operation succeeds, insert a scratch cartridge into the first drive and run the tape drive
diagnostics (see “Function Code 1 — Run SCSI Drive Diagnostics” on page 48).
– If the diagnostics fail, replace the tape drive.
– If the diagnostics succeed, the error was temporary.
ƒ If the operation fails and another drive is not available, insert a scratch cartridge into the tape
drive and run the tape drive diagnostics (see “Function Code 1 — Run SCSI Drive Diagnostics”
on page 48).
ƒ If the diagnostics fail, replace the tape drive.
ƒ If the diagnostics succeed, discard the cartridge.
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CHAPTER 5 — TROUBLESHOOTING AND DIAGNOSTICS
Table 5-3 Tape drive codes for error conditions and informational messages
Code Cause and Action
6
For Problems with Writing Data (continued):
(cont.) If the problem occurs with multiple data cartridges or if you do not know the data cartridge’s
volume serial number, run the tape drive diagnostics (see “Function Code 1 — Run SCSI Drive
Diagnostics” on page 48):
ƒ If the diagnostics fail, replace the tape drive.
ƒ If the diagnostics succeed, run the Test Head diagnostic (see “Function Code H — Test Head”
on page 56).
ƒ If the Test Head diagnostic fails, replace the tape drive.
ƒ If the Test Head diagnostic succeeds, replace the cartridges that caused the problem.
For Problems with Reading Data:
If the problem occurred while the tape drive was reading data from the tape, and if you know
the volume serial number of the data cartridge, perform one of the following procedures:
ƒ If another drive is available, insert the cartridge into the other drive and retry the operation:
ƒ If the operation fails, discard the defective cartridge.
ƒ If the operation succeeds, insert a scratch cartridge into the first drive and run the tape drive
diagnostics (see “Function Code 1 — Run SCSI Drive Diagnostics” on page 48):
– If the diagnostics fail, replace the tape drive.
– If the diagnostics succeed, the error was temporary.
ƒ If another drive is not available, insert a scratch cartridge into the tape drive and run the tape
drive diagnostics (see “Function Code 1 — Run SCSI Drive Diagnostics” on page 48):
ƒ If the diagnostics fail, replace the tape drive.
ƒ If the diagnostics succeed, discard the cartridge.
If the problem occurs with multiple data cartridges or if you do not know the data cartridge’s
volume serial number, run the tape drive diagnostics (see “Function Code 1 — Run SCSI Drive
Diagnostics” on page 48):
ƒ If the diagnostics fail, replace the tape drive.
ƒ If the diagnostics succeed, run the Test Head diagnostic (see “Function Code H — Test Head”
on page 56).
ƒ If the Test Head diagnostic fails, replace the tape drive.
ƒ If the Test Head diagnostic succeeds, replace the cartridges that caused the problem.
7
A high probability of media error. The tape drive determined that an error occurred because of
a faulty data cartridge. Try another data cartridge. If the problem occurs with multiple data
cartridges, see “Resolving Media-Related Problems” on page 43.
8
Drive or SCSI bus failure. The tape drive determined that a failure occurred in the tape drive’s
hardware or in the SCSI bus. See “Fixing SCSI Bus Errors” on page 41. The error code clears
10 seconds after the tape drive detected the error or when you place the tape drive in
maintenance mode.
o, c, b, No error or message assigned. The tape drive determined that a problem occurred which
or h degraded the operation of the tape drive, but it did not restrict continued use. If the problem
persists, replace the tape drive. The tape drive is usable, even though the single-character display
continues to indicate an error and the status LED flashes amber.
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Table 5-3 Tape drive codes for error conditions and informational messages
Code Cause and Action
A
Drive hardware problem. The tape drive determined that a problem occurred which degraded
the operation of the tape drive, but it did not restrict continued use. If the problem persists,
replace the tape drive. The tape drive is usable, though the single-character display continues to
indicate an error and the status LED flashes amber.
B
No error or message is assigned. See error code 8 in this table.
C
The tape drive needs to be cleaned. Clean the tape drive. See “Cleaning the Tape Drive Head”
on page 19.
D
No error or message assigned. See error code 0 in this table.
RESOLVING PROBLEMS REPORTED BY THE SERVER
The procedure for fixing SCSI bus errors varies, depending on whether the
error is consistent or intermittent, and whether your configuration contains
single or multiple tape drives. The sections that follow describe how to fix each
type of error.
Fixing SCSI Bus Errors
Fixing a Consistent Error with a Single Drive on a SCSI Bus When a
consistent error occurs on a single drive on the bus, you must determine
whether the problem is with one of the SCSI bus components, the server
hardware or software, or with the tape drive.
1. Ensure that the power is on to the tape drive.
2. Ensure that the tape drive’s SCSI address is the same as the SCSI address
assigned by the server.
3. If the problem persists, contact Exabyte Technical Support for assistance
(see page iv).
Fixing a Consistent Error with Multiple Drives on a SCSI Bus When a
consistent error occurs in a configuration that has multiple drives on the SCSI
bus, you must determine if the problem exists with more than one drive. If the
problem is with all of the devices on the SCSI bus, the bus is stuck in a SCSI
phase and cannot change to another phase or the SCSI cable from the server to
the first device is defective.
1. Ensure that the SCSI cable from the server to the first device is connected.
2. Disconnect all but the first drive on the SCSI bus. Move the terminator to
the first SCSI device.
Note:
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Ensure that the SCSI terminator is always on the last drive on the SCSI
bus.
EXABYTE MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2)
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CHAPTER 5 — TROUBLESHOOTING AND DIAGNOSTICS
3. Run a utility (such as LTO Tool) to determine whether the error will occur.
If the error occurs, contact Exabyte Technical Support for assistance (see
page iv).
If the error does not occur, connect one drive at a time back to the bus
and repeat step 3 for each drive until you can identify which drive is
defective.
4. Determine if the problem is with only one drive or with two or more drives.
If the problem is with only one drive, contact Exabyte Technical Support
for assistance (see page iv).
If the problem is with two or more drives, locate the first drive that has
the error and replace the SCSI cable that connects the tape drive and the
interposer (if installed).
Fixing an Intermittent Error with a Single Drive on a SCSI Bus When an
intermittent error occurs on a single drive on the bus, you must determine
whether the problem is with the terminator, the SCSI cables, the tape drive, or
the server hardware.
1. Replace the SCSI terminator on the tape drive.
2. Run the operation that caused the error. If the problem persists, the
problem may be with the cable.
3. Isolate which cable is causing the problem by replacing one cable at a time
and running the operation that caused the error after each replacement. If
the problem persists after all cables have been replaced, the problem may
be with the tape drive.
4. Replace the tape drive. If the problem persists, the problem is with your
server. Consult your server’s documentation.
Fixing an Intermittent Error with Multiples Drives on a SCSI Bus Refer to the
server’s error logs to determine which drive is the source of the problem:
If only one drive is reporting a SCSI failure, replace that drive.
If multiple drives are reporting SCSI failures, the problem may be with the
terminator or the SCSI cables:
Replace the terminator and run the operation that caused the error. If
the problem persists, the problem may be with the cables.
Isolate which cable is causing the problem by replacing one cable at a
time and run the operation that caused the error after each replacement.
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PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
RESOLVING MEDIA-RELATED PROBLEMS
To resolve problems that are related to media, the tape drive’s firmware
includes the following diagnostics:
Test Cartridge & Media verifies whether a suspect cartridge and its magnetic
tape are acceptable for use. See “Function Code E — Test Cartridge & Media”
on page 54 for more information.
Statistical Analysis and Reporting System (SARS) assists in isolating failures
between media and hardware. To determine the cause of failure, SARS uses
the cartridge performance history that is saved in the cartridge memory
(CM) and the tape drive performance history that is kept in the tape drive’s
flash erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM). Any failures
that SARS detects are reported as TapeAlert flags on the server (see
“Supported TapeAlert Flags” on page 44).
If you encounter a media-related problem, use the following procedure:
Caution
For this test, use only a scratch (blank) data cartridge or a cartridge that may be
overwritten. During the test, the tape drive overwrites the data on the cartridge.
1. If possible, run the data cartridge in a different drive. If the operation fails
in the other drive and code 6 or 7 displays, replace the media. If the
operation succeeds, run the Test Cartridge & Media diagnostic (see
“Function Code E — Test Cartridge & Media” on page 54).
2. If the Test Cartridge & Media diagnostic fails, replace the media. If it runs
successfully, clean the tape drive and run the tape drive diagnostics (see
“Cleaning the Tape Drive Head” on page 19 and run the tape drive’s
diagnostic self-test (see “Function Code 1 — Run SCSI Drive Diagnostics”
on page 48).
3. If the tape drive diagnostic self-test fails, replace the tape drive. If the tape
self-test runs successfully, repeat the operation that produced the initial
media error.
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SUPPORTED TAPEALERT FLAGS
TapeAlert is a patented technology and standard of the American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) that defines conditions and problems that are
experienced by drives. The technology enables a server to read TapeAlert flags
set by the drive on its LOG SENSE TapeAlert Page (page code 2Eh) over the
SCSI interface. Table 5-4 lists the TapeAlert flags that are supported by the tape
drive.
Table 5-4 TapeAlert flags supported by the tape drive
Flag
Flag
Parameter
Number
(in hex)
Flag Type
Description
Action Required
Set for any unrecoverable read,
write, or positioning error. (This
flag is set in conjunction with
flags 4, 5, or 6.)
Refer To the Action Required
column for Flag 4, 5, or 6 in this
table.
3
03h
Hard error
4
04h
Media
5
05h
Read failure Set for any unrecoverable read ƒ If Flag 4 is also set, the cartridge
is defective. Replace the data
error where isolation is uncertain
cartridge.
and failure could be due to a
faulty data cartridge or to faulty ƒ If Flag 4 is not set, see error
drive hardware.
code 6 in Table 5-3 on
page 38.
6
06h
Write failure Set for any unrecoverable write ƒ If Flag 9 is also set, make sure
that the write-protect switch is
or positioning error where
set so that data can be written
isolation is uncertain and failure
to the tape (see “Setting the
could be due to a faulty data
Write-Protect Switch” on
cartridge or to faulty drive
page 24).
hardware.
ƒ If Flag 4 is also set, the cartridge
is defective. Replace the data
cartridge.
ƒ If Flag 4 is not set, see error
code 6 in Table 5-3 on
page 38.
8
08h
44
Not data
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PRODUCT MANUAL
Set for any unrecoverable read, Replace the data cartridge.
write, or positioning error that is
due to a faulty data cartridge.
Set when severe servo errors
occur while loading a data
cartridge.
Replace the data cartridge. If this
error occurs with multiple tapes,
see error code 6 in Table 5-3 on
page 38.
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SUPPORTED TAPEALERT FLAGS
Table 5-4 TapeAlert flags supported by the tape drive (continued)
Flag
Flag
Parameter
Number
(in hex)
Flag Type
Description
Action Required
9
09h
Write protect Set when the tape drive detects Make sure that the cartridge’s
that the data cartridge is
write-protect switch is set so that
write-protected.
the tape drive can write data to
the tape (see “Setting the
Write-Protect Switch” on
page 24).
10
0Ah
No removal Set when the tape drive receives Refer to the documentation for
an UNLOAD command after the your server’s operating system.
server prevented the data
cartridge from being removed.
11
0Bh
12
0Ch
Unsupported Set when you load an
Use a supported data cartridge.
format
unsupported cartridge type into
the tape drive or when the
cartridge format has been
corrupted.
15
0Fh
Cartridge Set when a cartridge memory
memory chip (CM) failure is detected on the
failure
loaded data cartridge.
16
10h
Forced eject Set when you manually unload No action required.
the data cartridge while the tape
drive was reading or writing
18
12h
Tape
directory
corrupted in
the cartridge
memory
Set when the tape drive detects Re-read all data from the tape to
that the tape directory in the
rebuild the tape directory.
cartridge memory has been
corrupted.
20
4h
Clean now
Set when the tape drive detects Clean the tape drive. See
that it needs cleaning.
“Cleaning the Tape Drive Head”
on page 19.
21
15h
Clean
periodic
Set when the tape drive detects Clean the tape drive as soon as
that it needs routine cleaning.
possible. The tape drive can
continue to operate, but you
should clean the tape drive soon.
See “Cleaning the Tape Drive
Head” on page 19.
22
16h
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Cleaning
media
Set when you load a cleaning
cartridge into the tape drive.
No action required.
Replace the cartridge. If this
error occurs on multiple tapes,
see error code 6 in Table 5-3 on
page 38.
Expired clean Set when the tape drive detects a Replace the cleaning cartridge.
cleaning cartridge that has
expired.
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Table 5-4 TapeAlert flags supported by the tape drive (continued)
Flag
Flag
Parameter
Number
(in hex)
Flag Type
Description
Action Required
23
17h
Invalid
Set when the tape drive expects Use a valid cleaning cartridge.
cleaning tape a cleaning cartridge and the
loaded cartridge is not a cleaning
cartridge.
30
1Eh
Hardware A Set when a hardware failure
occurs which requires that you
reset the tape drive to recover.
1. Reset the tape drive (see
“Resetting the Tape Drive”
on page 19).
2. If resetting the tape drive
does not recover the error,
use the error code from the
single-character display or
the SCSI drive sense data to
determine what caused the
error (see Table 5-3 on
page 38).
31
1Fh
Hardware B Set when the tape drive fails its
internal self tests.
Use the error code on the
single-character display, library
user interface, or SCSI drive
sense data (see Table 5-3 on
page 38).
32
20h
33
21h
Eject media Set when a failure occurs that
requires you to unload the
cartridge from the tape drive.
Unload and reload the data
cartridge.
34
22h
Download
fail
Ensure that it is the correct
image. Download the firmware
image again (see “Upgrading
Firmware” on page 60).
36
24h
Refer to error code 1 in
Drive
Set when the tape drive’s
TTable 5-3 on page 38.
temperature temperature sensor indicates
that the tape drive’s temperature
is exceeding the recommended
temperature of the enclosure.
37
25h
Drive voltage Set when the tape drive detects Refer to error code 2 in Table 5-3
on page 38.
that the externally supplied
voltages are either approaching
the specified voltage limits or are
outside the voltage limits.
39
27h
Diagnostics Set when the tape drive detects a Refer to error code 6 in Table 5-3
required
failure that requires diagnostics on page 38.
to isolate the problem.
46
Interface
PRODUCT MANUAL
Set when the tape drive detects a Refer to error code 8 or 9 in
problem with the SCSI interface. Table 5-3 on page 38.
Set when an firmware image is
unsuccessfully downloaded to
the tape drive via the SCSI
interface.
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USING THE TAPE DRIVE DIAGNOSTIC AND MAINTENANCE FUNCTIONS
Table 5-4 TapeAlert flags supported by the tape drive (continued)
Flag
Flag
Parameter
Number
(in hex)
Flag Type
Tape
directory
invalid at
unload
Description
Action Required
Set when the tape directory on
the data cartridge that was
previously unloaded is
corrupted. The file-search
performance is degraded.
Rebuild the tape directory by
reading all the data.
51
33h
52
34h
Tape system Set when the data cartridge that Copy the data to another data
area write was previously unloaded could cartridge, then discard the old
failure
not write its system area
cartridge.
successfully.
53
35h
Tape system Set when the tape system area Copy the data to another data
area read could not be successfully read at cartridge, then discard the old
failure
load time.
cartridge.
USING THE TAPE DRIVE DIAGNOSTIC AND MAINTENANCE FUNCTIONS
The tape drive can run diagnostics, test write and read functions, test a suspect
data cartridge, update its own firmware, and perform other diagnostic and
maintenance function.
!
Maintenance functions cannot be performed concurrently with
Important read or write operations. While in maintenance mode, the tape
drive does not accept SCSI commands from the server.
SETTING THE TAPE DRIVE TO MAINTENANCE MODE
The tape drive must be in maintenance mode to perform its diagnostic
functions. To place the tape drive in maintenance mode:
1. Make sure that no cartridge is in the tape drive.
!
If a cartridge is in the tape drive, it will eject the first time that you
Important press the unload button and the tape drive will not be placed in
maintenance mode.
2. Within a 1.5-second interval, press the unload button three times. The
status LED becomes solid amber, which means that the tape drive is in
maintenance mode.
3. Select the desired diagnostic or maintenance function. The following
sections describe the functions and provide instructions for using them.
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EXITING MAINTENANCE MODE
To manually exit maintenance mode, press the unload button once per second
until 0 appears on the single-character display. Press and hold the unload
button for 3 seconds. The drive exits maintenance mode (the solid amber
status light becomes solid green, then turns off).
You can also exit maintenance mode by pressing the unload button during any
maintenance or diagnostic function.
FUNCTION CODE 1 — RUN SCSI DRIVE DIAGNOSTICS
Causes the tape drive to run self tests.
Caution
For this test, use only a scratch (blank) data cartridge or a cartridge that may be
overwritten. During the test, the tape drive overwrites the data on the cartridge.
1. Make sure that the tape drive does not contain a cartridge, then set it to
maintenance mode.
2. Press the unload button once per 1.5 seconds until 1 appears in the
single-character display. If you cycle past 1, continue to press the unload
button until it displays again.
3. To select the function, press and hold the unload button for 3 seconds.
4. After you select the function, 1 flashes, the tape drive runs diagnostics for
approximately 90 seconds, then C flashes to indicate that the tape drive is
waiting for you to insert a cartridge. Within 60 seconds, insert a scratch data
cartridge.
!
If you fail to insert the cartridge quickly enough, the tape drive will
Important exit maintenance mode. You must then set the tape drive to
maintenance mode again and restart the test.
If you insert an invalid or write-protected data cartridge, 7 appears
in the single-character display. The tape drive unloads the
cartridge and exits maintenance mode.
5. After you insert the cartridge, 1 flashes:
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If the diagnostic completes successfully, it begins again and runs for a
maximum of 10 times. Each loop takes approximately 20 minutes to run.
After the tenth loop, the diagnostic stops and automatically exits
maintenance mode.
To halt the diagnostic, press the unload button within the first
20 minutes of the test (or the diagnostic will run another 20 minutes).
The tape drive acknowledges the request by slowing the length of time
that the currently displayed character flashes on the single-character
display (from twice per second to once per second). The diagnostic
continues to the end of its current loop and then stops. The tape drive
then displays 0, rewinds and unloads the cartridge, and exits
maintenance mode.
If the diagnostics fail, the status LED flashes amber and an error code
displays. The tape drive unloads the data cartridge and exits
maintenance mode. To resolve the error, locate the code in Table 5-3 on
page 38.
FUNCTION CODE 2 — UPDATE DRIVE FIRMWARE FROM FMR TAPE
Causes the tape drive to load updated firmware from a field microcode
replacement (FMR) tape.
Caution
Do not power-off the tape drive while a firmware update is in progress.
Note: You can also update the drive firmware over the SCSI bus using Exabyte’s
LTO Tool. See “Updating Firmware Over the SCSI Bus” on page 60 for
more information.
1. Make sure that the tape drive does not contain a cartridge, then set it to
maintenance mode (see page 47).
2. Press the unload button once per 1.5 seconds until 2 appears in the
single-character display. If you cycle past 2, continue to press the unload
button until it displays again.
3. To select the function, press and hold the unload button for 3 seconds.
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4. After you select the function, C flashes to indicate that the tape drive is
waiting for you to insert a cartridge. Within 60 seconds, insert the FMR data
cartridge.
!
If you fail to insert the cartridge quickly enough, the tape drive will
Important exit maintenance mode. You must then set the tape drive to
maintenance mode again and restart the test.
If you insert an invalid or write-protected data cartridge, 7 appears
in the single-character display. The tape drive unloads the
cartridge and exits maintenance mode.
5. After you insert the cartridge, 2 flashes and the tape drive loads the updated
firmware from the FMR data cartridge into its erasable programmable
read-only memory (EPROM) area:
If the update completes successfully, the tape drive displays 0, rewinds
and unloads the FMR tape, resets itself, and is ready to use the new
firmware.
If the update fails, the tape drive posts an error code to the
single-character display (to resolve the error, see Table 5-3 on page 38).
The tape drive then unloads the FMR tape and exits maintenance mode.
FUNCTION CODE 3 — CREATE FMR TAPE
Causes the tape drive to copy its field microcode replacement (FMR) data to a
scratch data cartridge. You can then use this tape to update the firmware in
other Magnum tape drives (LTO-2).
Caution
Make sure that you insert a scratch (blank) data cartridge or a cartridge that may be
overwritten. The tape drive overwrites any existing data on the cartridge.
1. Make sure that the tape drive does not contain a cartridge, then set it to
maintenance mode (see page 47).
2. Press the unload button once per 1.5 seconds until 2 appears in the
single-character display. If you cycle past 2, continue to press the unload
button until it displays again.
3. To select the function, press and hold the unload button for 3 seconds.
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USING THE TAPE DRIVE DIAGNOSTIC AND MAINTENANCE FUNCTIONS
4. After you select the function, C flashes to indicate that the tape drive is
waiting for you to insert a cartridge. Within 60 seconds, insert the scratch
data cartridge.
!
If you fail to insert the cartridge quickly enough, the tape drive will
Important exit maintenance mode. You must then set the tape drive to
maintenance mode again and restart the test.
If you insert an invalid or write-protected data cartridge, 7 appears
in the single-character display. The tape drive unloads the
cartridge and exits maintenance mode.
5. After you insert the cartridge, 3 flashes and the tape drive copies the FMR
data to the scratch data cartridge:
If the tape drive creates the FMR tape successfully, it displays 0, rewinds
and unloads the new FMR tape, and exits maintenance mode.
If the tape drive fails to create the FMR tape, it displays 7, unloads the
FMR tape, and exits maintenance mode.
FUNCTION CODE 4 — FORCE A DRIVE DUMP
Causes the tape drive to perform a collection (or dump) of its internal data. (A
drive dump is also known as a diagnostic listing.) The dump can only be
analyzed by Exabyte Technical Support (see “Contacting Exabyte” on page iv).
Note: When an error code displays, a red dot also displays to remind you that a
dump already exists. If you perform Function Code 4, it will overwrite the
dump and cause the error information to be lost.
1. Make sure that the tape drive does not contain a cartridge, then set it to
maintenance mode (see page 47).
2. Press the unload button once per 1.5 seconds until 4 appears in the
single-character display. If you cycle past 4, continue to press the unload
button until it displays again.
3. To select the function, press and hold the unload button for 3 seconds. After
you select the function, 4 displays, followed by 0. The single-character
display then goes blank, and the tape drive exits maintenance mode.
An illuminated red dot on the single-character display indicates that a drive
dump has been created. To retrieve the dump from the tape drive, see
“Function Code 5 — Copy Drive Dump to Tape (at Beginning of Tape)” on
page 52.
You can also perform this operation when the tape drive is in normal
operating mode. Simply press and hold the unload button for 10 seconds.
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FUNCTION CODE 5 — COPY DRIVE DUMP TO TAPE (AT BEGINNING
OF TAPE)
Causes the tape drive to copy data from a drive dump (captured with Function
Code 4) to the beginning of a scratch data cartridge. An illuminated red dot on
the single-character display indicates that a drive dump has been created.
1. Make sure that the tape drive does not contain a cartridge, then set it to
maintenance mode (see page 47).
2. Press the unload button once per 1.5 seconds until 5 appears in the
single-character display. If you cycle past 5, continue to press the unload
button until it displays again.
3. To select the function, press and hold the unload button for 3 seconds.
4. After you select the function, C flashes to indicate that the tape drive is
waiting for you to insert a cartridge. Within 60 seconds, insert the scratch
data cartridge.
!
If you fail to insert the cartridge quickly enough, the tape drive will
Important exit maintenance mode. You must then set the tape drive to
maintenance mode again and restart the test.
If you insert an invalid or write-protected data cartridge, 7 appears
in the single-character display. The tape drive unloads the
cartridge and exits maintenance mode.
5. After you insert the cartridge, 5 flashes and the tape drive writes the dump
data to the tape (at the beginning of the tape). When the function is
complete, 0 displays, the tape drive rewinds and unloads the tape, and exits
maintenance mode.
6. From the server, issue the SCSI READ command to read the dump from the
tape to a file or electronic image. For information about where to send the
electronic image, contact Exabyte Technical Support (see page iv).
FUNCTION CODE 8 — CONVERT FMR TAPE TO SCRATCH TAPE
Causes the tape drive to erase the field microcode replacement (FMR) data on
a scratch data cartridge and rewrite the cartridge memory on the tape. This
turns the cartridge into a valid scratch data cartridge.
1. Make sure that the tape drive does not contain a cartridge, then set it to
maintenance mode (see page 47).
2. Press the unload button once per 1.5 seconds until 8 appears in the
single-character display. If you cycle past 8, continue to press the unload
button until it displays again.
3. To select the function, press and hold the unload button for 3 seconds.
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USING THE TAPE DRIVE DIAGNOSTIC AND MAINTENANCE FUNCTIONS
4. After you select the function, C flashes to indicate that the tape drive is
waiting for you to insert a cartridge. Within 60 seconds, insert a scratch data
cartridge.
!
If you fail to insert the cartridge quickly enough, the tape drive will
Important exit maintenance mode. You must then set the tape drive to
maintenance mode again and restart the test.
If you insert an invalid or write-protected data cartridge, 7 appears
in the single-character display. The tape drive unloads the
cartridge and exits maintenance mode.
5. After you insert the cartridge, 8 flashes, the tape drive erases the firmware
on the tape, then rewrites the header in the cartridge memory to change the
cartridge to a valid scratch data cartridge:
If the operation is successful, the tape drive displays 0, rewinds and
ejects the newly converted scratch data cartridge, and exits maintenance
mode.
If the operation is not successful, an error code displays. To resolve the
error, locate the code in Table 5-3 on page 38.
FUNCTION CODE 9 — DISPLAY ERROR CODE LOG
Causes the tape drive to display the last 10 error codes, one at a time (the codes
are ordered; the most recent is presented first and the oldest (tenth) is
presented last).
1. Make sure that the tape drive does not contain a cartridge, then set it to
maintenance mode (see page 47).
2. Press the unload button once per 1.5 seconds until 9 appears in the
single-character display. If you cycle past 9, continue to press the unload
button until it displays again.
3. To select the function, press and hold the unload button for 3 seconds.
4. After you select the function, press the unload button to view the most
recent error code. Press the unload button again to view successive error
codes. If you press the unload button for 3 seconds after the tenth error
code displays, the tape drive displays 0 (if there are no errors in the log) and
then exits maintenance mode.
FUNCTION CODE A — CLEAR ERROR CODE LOG
Causes the tape drive to erase the contents of the error code log.
1. Make sure that the tape drive does not contain a cartridge, then set it to
maintenance mode (see page 47).
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CHAPTER 5 — TROUBLESHOOTING AND DIAGNOSTICS
2. Press the unload button once per 1.5 seconds until A appears in the
single-character display. If you cycle past A, continue to press the unload
button until it displays again.
3. To select the function, press and hold the unload button for 3 seconds.
4. After you select the function, the tape drive erases all errors from the error
code log, displays 0, and then exits maintenance mode.
FUNCTION CODE C — INSERT CARTRIDGE INTO DRIVE
This function cannot be selected by itself. It relates to other maintenance
functions (such as Run Drive Diagnostics or Create FMR Tape) that require an
FMR data cartridge or scratch data cartridge that is not write protected.
FUNCTION CODE E — TEST CARTRIDGE & MEDIA
Causes the tape drive to perform a Write/Read test (on the edge bands) to
ensure that a suspect cartridge and its magnetic tape are acceptable. The tape
drive takes approximately 10 minutes to run the test.
Caution
The tape drive overwrites any existing data on the suspect tape.
1. Make sure that the tape drive does not contain a cartridge, then set it to
maintenance mode (see page 47).
2. Press the unload button once per 1.5 seconds until E appears in the
single-character display. If you cycle past E, continue to press the unload
button until it displays again.
3. To select the function, press and hold the unload button for 3 seconds.
4. After you select the function, C flashes to indicate that the tape drive is
waiting for you to insert a cartridge. Within 60 seconds, insert a scratch data
cartridge.
!
If you fail to insert the cartridge quickly enough, the tape drive will
Important exit maintenance mode. You must then set the tape drive to
maintenance mode again and restart the test.
If you insert an invalid or write-protected data cartridge, 7 appears
in the single-character display. The tape drive unloads the
cartridge and exits maintenance mode.
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USING THE TAPE DRIVE DIAGNOSTIC AND MAINTENANCE FUNCTIONS
5. After you insert the cartridge, E flashes and the test begins:
If no error is detected, the test begins again and runs for a maximum of
10 times. After the tenth loop, the test stops and the tape drive
automatically exits maintenance mode.
To halt the test, press the unload button. The tape drive acknowledges
the request by slowing the length of time that the currently displayed
character flashes on the single-character display (from twice per second
to once per second). The test continues to the end of its current loop and
then stops. The tape drive then rewinds and unloads the cartridge,
displays 0, and exits maintenance mode.
If an error is detected, the tape drive displays 7, unloads the data
cartridge, and exits maintenance mode. To resolve the error, locate
code 7 in Table 5-3 on page 38.
FUNCTION CODE F — FAST READ/WRITE TEST
Causes the tape drive to perform tests to ensure that the tape drive can read
from and write to tape.
This diagnostic performs fewer tests than the Run Drive Diagnostics test
(Function Code 1). The tape drive takes approximately three minutes to run
the test. The Fast Read/Write Test is not as comprehensive a test and is not
recommended for isolating errors between the tape drive and the media.
Caution
The tape drive overwrites any existing data on the suspect tape.
1. Make sure that the tape drive does not contain a cartridge, then set it to
maintenance mode (see page 47).
2. Press the unload button once per 1.5 seconds until F appears in the
single-character display. If you cycle past F, continue to press the unload
button until it displays again.
3. To select the function, press and hold the unload button for 3 seconds.
4. After you select the function, C flashes to indicate that the tape drive is
waiting for you to insert a cartridge. Within 60 seconds, insert a scratch data
cartridge.
!
If you fail to insert the cartridge quickly enough, the tape drive will
Important exit maintenance mode. You must then set the tape drive to
maintenance mode again and restart the test.
If you insert an invalid or write-protected data cartridge, 7 appears
in the single-character display. The tape drive unloads the
cartridge and exits maintenance mode.
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CHAPTER 5 — TROUBLESHOOTING AND DIAGNOSTICS
5. After you insert the cartridge, F flashes and the test begins.
If no error is detected, the test begins again and runs for a maximum of
10 times. Each loop takes approximately 3 minutes to run. After the tenth
loop, the test stops and the tape drive automatically exits maintenance
mode.
To halt the test, press the unload button. The tape drive acknowledges
the request by slowing the length of time that the currently displayed
character flashes on the single-character display (from twice per second
to once per second). The test continues to the end of its current loop and
then stops. The tape drive then rewinds and unloads the cartridge,
displays 0, and exits maintenance mode.
If an error is detected, the tape drive displays an error code, unloads the
data cartridge, and exits maintenance mode. To resolve the error, locate
the code in Table 5-3 on page 38.
FUNCTION CODE H — TEST HEAD
Causes the tape drive to perform the Head Resistance Measurements test and
a Write/Read test (on the center of the tape). The tape drive runs these tests to
ensure that the tape drive’s head and tape-carriage mechanics are working
correctly. The tape drive takes approximately 10 minutes to run the test.
1. Make sure that the tape drive does not contain a cartridge, then set it to
maintenance mode (see page 47).
2. Press the unload button once per 1.5 seconds until H appears in the
single-character display. If you cycle past H, continue to press the unload
button until it displays again.
3. To select the function, press and hold the unload button for 3 seconds.
4. After you select the function, C flashes to indicate that the tape drive is
waiting for you to insert a cartridge. Within 60 seconds, insert a scratch data
cartridge.
!
If you fail to insert the cartridge quickly enough, the tape drive will
Important exit maintenance mode. You must then set the tape drive to
maintenance mode again and restart the test.
If you insert an invalid or write-protected data cartridge, 7 appears
in the single-character display. The tape drive unloads the
cartridge and exits maintenance mode.
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USING THE TAPE DRIVE DIAGNOSTIC AND MAINTENANCE FUNCTIONS
5. After you insert the cartridge, H flashes and the test begins:
If no error is detected, the test begins again and runs for a maximum of
10 times. Each loop takes approximately 10 minutes to run. After the
tenth loop, the test stops and the tape drive automatically exits
maintenance mode.
To halt the test, press the unload button. The tape drive acknowledges
the request by slowing the length of time that the currently displayed
character flashes on the single-character display (from twice per second
to once per second). The test continues to the end of its loop and then
stops. The tape drive then rewinds and unloads the cartridge, displays
0, and exits maintenance mode.
If an error is detected, the tape drive displays 5, unloads the data
cartridge, and exits maintenance mode. To resolve the error, follow the
instructions for code 5 in Table 5-3 on page 38.
FUNCTION CODE L — RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE
Reserved for future use.
FUNCTION CODE P OR U — ENABLE OR DISABLE POST ERROR
REPORTING
Used by support personnel during error detection, this function is an alternate
method of setting or preventing the post error (PER) bit in the SCSI
Read-Write Error Recovery Page.
1. Make sure that the tape drive does not contain a cartridge, then set it to
maintenance mode (see page 47).
2. Perform one of the following operations:
To verify the status of post error reporting, press the unload button once
per 1.5 seconds until U appears in the single-character display (post
error reporting disabled). If you cycle past U, continue to press the
unload button until the U character displays again.
To verify the status of post error reporting, press the unload button once
per 1.5 seconds until P appears in the single-character display (post error
reporting enabled). If you cycle past P, continue to press the unload
button until the P character displays again.
3. To select the function, press and hold the unload button for 3 seconds.
4. After you select the function, the single-character display will show one of
the following:
P to indicate that post error reporting is enabled.
U to indicate that post error reporting is disabled.
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CHAPTER 5 — TROUBLESHOOTING AND DIAGNOSTICS
USING SENSE DATA
When a tape drive encounters an error, it makes sense data available. You can
use IBM device drivers to examine the sense data and determine errors.
Instructions for downloading, installing, and properly configuring the IBM
device drivers are available in the IBM Ultrium Device Drivers Installation and
User’s Guide (see “IBM Ultrium LTO-2 Publications” on page xiv). The IBM
device drivers may conflict with some commercial software applications
unless properly configured. To avoid conflicts on Windows operating systems,
refer to your device driver’s procedures for setting the driver to manual
startup mode. For applications that use Open Systems device drivers that are
provided by IBM (for example, AIX, Linux, Sun Solaris, HP-UX, Windows/NT,
and Windows 2000), the IBM Ultrium Device Drivers Installation and User’s
Guide contains information about how to obtain sense data after an error has
occurred.
If your application uses other device drivers, see the appropriate
documentation for those drivers to obtain the sense data.
Raw sense data (as returned from the tape drive) is documented in the IBM
TotalStorage LTO Ultrium Tape Drive SCSI Reference.
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6
SERVICING THE TAPE DRIVE
This chapter provides information about service for the tape drive, including:
Returning the tape drive for service
Upgrading firmware
Obtaining a drive dump
RETURNING THE TAPE DRIVE FOR SERVICE
If you need to return the tape drive to the factory for service, follow these
steps:
1. Before returning a drive for service, contact Exabyte Service (see page iv) or
your Exabyte-authorized service provider for return authorization and
shipping instructions. If your service provider instructs you to return the
tape drive directly to Exabyte, contact Exabyte Service to obtain a Return
Materials Authorization (RMA) number and the shipping address.
2. Remove and keep all cartridges, cables, and terminators.
Caution
If a cartridge is stuck in the tape drive, do not attempt to manually extract it.You
could damage the cartridge or tape drive. If necessary, contact Exabyte Technical
Support for assistance.
3. When repacking and shipping a tape drive, use the original shipping carton
and packing materials (or replacement packaging obtained from Exabyte)
to avoid damaging the tape drive. The shipping and packaging materials
are not intended for shipping items other than the Magnum Tape Drive
(LTO-2).
Caution
Exabyte is not responsible for shipping damage caused by an improperly packaged
drive.
To avoid damaging the tape drive and voiding your warranty, use the original
shipping materials (or replacement materials from your vendor).
AUGUST 2005
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CHAPTER 6 — SERVICING THE TAPE DRIVE
UPGRADING FIRMWARE
Caution
Do not power-off the tape drive while a firmware update is in progress.
Periodically check for updated levels of drive firmware by visiting the
download page on the Exabyte web site at www.exabyte.com/downloads. You
can update your drive’s firmware using either of the following methods:
Download the new firmware image and transfer it to the tape drive over the
SCSI bus.
Download the new firmware image and transfer it to a field microcode
replacement (FMR) date cartridge. You can then use this cartridge to load
the new firmware into the tape drive.
UPDATING FIRMWARE OVER THE SCSI BUS
When you update the tape drive’s firmware by using the SCSI bus, the
procedure varies, depending on whether your server uses an IBM® tape
device driver or a non-IBM tape device driver (such as a driver from Sun®,
Hewlett-Packard®, or Microsoft®).
To update firmware and create diagnostic listings for the tape drive from a
server that uses an IBM® tape device driver, download LTO Tool from
www.exabyte.com/downloads. LTO Tool allows you to upgrade firmware
and perform diagnostics over the tape drive’s SCSI interface. Refer to the
readme file provided with the program for installation instructions. Refer to
the program’s online help for instructions on performing firmware
upgrades and diagnostics.
To update firmware from a server that uses a non-IBM tape device driver,
refer to the documentation for that device driver.
UPDATING THE FIRMWARE WITH AN FMR DATA CARTRIDGE
Note: You must download the updated firmware from Exabyte’s web site and
then use that firmware to create an FMR data cartridge (see “Function
Code 3 — Create FMR Tape” on page 50).
To update the tape drive’s firmware from an FMR data cartridge:
1. Make sure that the tape drive does not contain a cartridge, then set it to
maintenance mode (see page 47).
2. Press the unload button once per 1.5 seconds until 2 appears in the
single-character display. If you cycle past 2, continue to press the unload
button until it displays again.
3. To select the function, press and hold the unload button for 3 seconds.
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OBTAINING A DRIVE DUMP
4. After you select the function, C flashes to indicate that the tape drive is
waiting for you to insert a cartridge. Within 60 seconds, insert the FMR data
cartridge.
!
If you fail to insert the cartridge quickly enough, the tape drive will
Important exit maintenance mode. You must then set the tape drive to
maintenance mode again and restart the test.
If you insert an invalid or write-protected data cartridge, 7 appears
in the single-character display. The tape drive unloads the
cartridge and exits maintenance mode.
5. After you insert the cartridge, 2 flashes and the tape drive loads the updated
firmware from the FMR data cartridge into its erasable programmable
read-only memory (EPROM) area:
If the update completes successfully, the tape drive displays 0, rewinds
and unloads the FMR tape, resets itself, and is ready to use the new
firmware.
If the update fails, the tape drive posts an error code to the
single-character display (to resolve the error, see Table 5-3 on page 38).
The tape drive then unloads the FMR tape and exits maintenance mode.
OBTAINING A DRIVE DUMP
You can obtain a dump from the tape drive using LTO Tool (described on
page 60). You can download the LTO Tool program from Exabyte’s web site.
The readme file that accompanies the program (or the online help for the
Windows version) provides instructions for creating a dump. You can also use
the tape drive diagnostics to create the dump (see “Function Code 4 — Force a
Drive Dump” on page 51).
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CHAPTER 6 — SERVICING THE TAPE DRIVE
Notes
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7
SPECIFICATIONS
This chapter provides specifications for the Magnum Tape Drive (LTO-2).
DATA TRANSFER RATES
Table 7-1 lists the data transfer rates that the tape drive can achieve.
Table 7-1 Maximum data transfer rates in megabytes per second
Interface
Data transfer rate (native)
SCSI Ultra160 LVD
17.5, 21.9, 26.25, 30.63, or
35 MB/seconda, b
Burst transfer rate
(maximum)
up to 160 MB/second
a
One megabyte equals 1,000,000 bytes.
b
Rate is determined by the tape drive’s speed matching algorithms. See “Speed Matching and Channel
Calibration” on page 4 for more information.
SIZE AND WEIGHT
Table 7-2 shows the dimensions and weight for tape drive. The external tape
drive is a standalone unit that can fit on a desktop.
Table 7-2 Size and weight
AUGUST 2005
Specification
Measurement
Depth (with bezel)
12.5 cm (4.92 in.)
Length (with bezel)
29.0 cm (11.42 in.)
Width (with bezel)
24.9 cm (9.80 in.)
Weight (without a cartridge)
6.4 kg (14.1 lbs)
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CHAPTER 7 — SPECIFICATIONS
POWER SPECIFICATIONS
The power specifications for the tape drive include both the requirements for
the tape drive and the enclosure components.
Power Supply
The tape drive uses an internal switching power supply. You do not need to
change any input settings. The power supply automatically adjusts for
changes in voltages and frequency within the specified range. Table 7-3 lists
the power specifications for the tape drive.
Table 7-3 Power specifications
a
Input voltagea
100 to 240 VAC
Frequency
50 to 60 Hz
AC input current
0.58 amp at 100 VAC
0.24 amp at 240 VAC
Autoswitching input selection; no user selection required.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS FOR THE TAPE DRIVE
Table 7-4 summarizes the environmental requirements for the tape path in
either the internal or external models of the tape drive. The following sections
provide additional detail about these requirements.
Table 7-4 Temperature and humidity specifications for the tape drive
Specification
Operatinga,b
Storagec/
Nonoperating
Transportingc
Temperature range
+10°C to +35°C
(+50°F to +95°F)
–40°C to +65°C (–40°F to +149°F)
Relative humidity
20% to 80% non-condensing
5% to 95% non-condensing
28°C (82.4°F) max.
38°C (100°F) max.
Wet bulb temperature
Maximum altitude
+3,048 m (+10,000 ft)
+12,192 m (+40,000 ft)
a
The tape drive temperature and humidity must be stabilized in the specified environment for at least 24 hours.
b
Temperature measurements are made in the tape path.
c
The tape drive is in its original shipping container. When the tape drive is moved from a cooler storage environment to a warmer operating
environment, it must acclimate in its packaging for 24 hours to prevent damage from condensation.
SAFETY AND REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
The Magnum Tape Drive (LTO-2) complies with the regulatory agency
standards listed on the product label located on the enclosure when installed
in accordance with this manual.
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GLOSSARY
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Organization that sets
standards for SCSI and the safety of electrical devices.
ampere (A) A unit of measure for electric current that is equivalent to a flow
of one coulomb per second, or equivalent to the current produced by one volt
applied across a resistance of one ohm.
adapter
See adapter card.
adapter card
A circuit board that adds function to a computer.
backups The short-term retention of records used for restoring essential
business and server files when vital data has been lost because of program or
server errors or malfunctions.
backward compatible Capable of being used with a previous product that
was designed for a similar purpose. For example, a tape cartridge that is
designed to be used with a modern tape drive but can also be used with
certain older tape drives. Synonymous with downward compatible.
bezel
The removable frame that fits over the front of the tape drive.
Bus In a network, the electrical pathway between a computer and other
devices.
byte A string that consists of a certain number of bits (usually 8) which are
treated as a unit and represent a character. A byte is a fundamental unit of
data.
C
See Celsius.
capacity The amount of data that can be contained on storage media and
expressed in bytes.
cartridge
See tape cartridge.
cartridge door On a tape cartridge, the hinged barrier that can be opened to
access, or closed to protect, the magnetic tape within the cartridge.
cartridge memory
AUGUST 2005
See LTO cartridge memory.
EXABYTE MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2)
65
GLOSSARY
Celsius (C) Having a thermostatic scale on which the interval between the
freezing point and the boiling point of water is divided into 100 degrees, with
0 degrees representing the freezing point and 100 degrees representing the
boiling point.
cleaning cartridge A tape cartridge that is used to clean the heads of a tape
drive. Contrast with data cartridge.
clockwise
the front.
In the direction that the hands of a clock rotate, as viewed from
Compression The reduction in size of data to save space by eliminating gaps,
empty fields, redundancies, and unnecessary data to shorten the length of
records or blocks. Either the backup application or the tape drive can perform
compression.
configure To describe to a server the devices, optional features, and
programs installed on the system.
counterclockwise In a direction opposite to that in which the hands of a
clock rotate, as viewed from the front.
current The quantity of charge per unit of time. Current is measured in
amperes.
cycle power
time span.
To apply and remove electrical power to a device within a short
data Any representations such as characters or analog quantities to which
meaning is, or might be, assigned.
data cartridge A tape cartridge that is dedicated to storing data. Contrast
with cleaning cartridge.
data compression
See compression.
data transfer rate The average number of bits, characters, or blocks per unit
of time that pass between corresponding equipment in a data transmission
system. The rate is expressed in bits, characters, or blocks per second, minute,
or hour.
DC
See direct current.
degauss To make a magnetic tape nonmagnetic by exposing the tape to
electrical coils which carry currents that neutralize the magnetism of the tape.
device Any hardware component or peripheral, such as a tape drive or tape
library, that can receive and send data.
device driver A file that contains the firmware that is needed to use an
attached device.
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GLOSSARY
diagnostic A software program that is designed to recognize, locate, and
explain faults in equipment or errors in programs.
direct current (DC) An electric current flowing in one direction only and
substantially constant in value.
drive A data-storage device that controls the movement of the magnetic tape
in a tape cartridge. The drive houses the mechanism (drive head) that reads
and writes data to the tape.
drive dump The recording, at a particular instant, of the contents of all or
part of one storage device into another storage device, usually as a safeguard
against faults or errors, or in connection with debugging.
drive head The component that records an electrical signal onto magnetic
tape, or reads a signal from tape into an electrical signal.
Driver
See device driver.
drive sense data
dump
eject
See SCSI drive sense data.
See drive dump.
To remove or force out from within.
error log Maintained by the tape drive, a list that contains the ten most
recent error codes. The codes identify errors that pertain to the drive.
Exabyte (1) A network storage backup company that designs, manufactures,
and markets industry-leading data storage products including tape drives and
automated tape libraries.
(2) measurement of data:
One Exabyte =
1,000 Petabytes, or
1,000,000 Terabytes, or
1,000,000,000 Gigabytes, or
1,000,000,000,000 Megabytes, or
1,000,000,000,000,000 Kilobytes, or
1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
file
A named set of records that are stored or processed as a unit.
FTP site Any electronic repository of information that uses the File Transfer
Protocol (FTP) for transferring files to and from servers. Use of an FTP site
requires a user ID and possibly a password.
firmware The proprietary code that is usually delivered as part of an
operating system. Firmware is more efficient than software that is loaded from
an alterable medium, and is more adaptable to change than pure hardware
circuitry. An example of firmware is the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) in
read-only memory (ROM) on a PC motherboard.
GB
AUGUST 2005
See gigabyte.
EXABYTE MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2)
67
GLOSSARY
Generation 1 The informal name for the Ultrium tape drive, which is the
predecessor of the tape drive (Generation 2). The Generation 1 drive has a
native storage capacity of up to 100 GB per cartridge and a native sustained
data transfer rate of 15 MB per second.
Generation 2 The informal name for the Ultrium 2 Tape Drive, which is the
second-generation version of the Ultrium tape drive (Generation 1). The
Generation 2 drive has a native storage capacity of up to 200 GB per cartridge
and a native sustained data transfer rate of 35 MB per second.
Gigabyte
ground
One billion (1 000 000 000) bytes.
An object that makes an electrical connection with the earth.
hardware The physical equipment or devices that form a computer. head.
See drive head.
Head A device that uses induction to write a data pattern onto magnetic
media and then uses either inductance or magnetoresistance to read the data
back.
Head Resistance Measurements test Part of the Test Head diagnostic, a
procedure that determines whether the tape drive’s head works correctly. The
test measures the head’s ability to withstand cracks and other defects.
Host The controlling or highest-level system in a data communication
configuration. Synonymous with server.
ID
Identifier.
inch (in.)
A unit of length equal to 1/36 yard or 25.4 mm.
input/output (I/O) Data that is provided to a computer or data that results
from computer processing.
insertion guide On the surface of the tape cartridge, a large, notched area
that prevents you from inserting the cartridge incorrectly.
install (1) To set up for use or service. (2) The act of adding a product, feature,
or function to a server or device either by a singular change or by the addition
of multiple components or devices.
interposer An adapter-like device that allows a connector of one size and
style to connect to a mating connector of a different size and style. Data
provided to the computer or data resulting from computer processing.
I/O
See input/output.
jumper (1) A tiny connector that fits over a pair of protruding pins in a
connector. A jumper can be moved to change electrical connectors. When in
place, the jumper connects the pins electrically. (2) To place a jumper on a
connector pin.
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GLOSSARY
label A slip of paper with an adhesive backing that can be written on and
affixed to a tape cartridge as a means of identification or description.
label area On the LTO Ultrium Tape Cartridge, a recessed area next to the
write-protect switch where a bar code label must be affixed.
leader block Located within the tape drive, the part that engages the steel
pin which is attached to the tape in an LTO Ultrium Tape Cartridge. Once
engaged, the leader-pin block pulls the tape from the cartridge into the drive.
leader pin On the tape cartridge, a small metal column that is attached to the
end of the magnetic tape. During tape processing the leader pin is grasped by
a threading mechanism, which pulls the pin and the tape out of the cartridge,
across the drive head, and onto a takeup reel. The head can then read or write
data from or to the tape.
LED Light Emitting Diode. A semiconductor diode that emits light when
subjected to an applied voltage and that is used in an electronic display.
Linear Tape-Open (LTO) A type of tape storage technology developed by the
IBM Corporation, Hewlett-Packard, and Seagate. LTO technology is an “open
format” technology, which means that its users have multiple sources of
product and media. The “open” nature of LTO technology enables
compatibility between different vendors’ offerings by ensuring that vendors
comply with verification standards.
Load The process of inserting a cartridge into the tape drive. Following the
insertion of a tape cartridge into the tape load compartment, the act of
positioning the tape (performed by the tape drive) for reading or writing by
the drive’s head.
log sense data
See SCSI log sense data.
loop (1) A series of instructions that is repeated until a terminating condition
is reached. (2) To connect so as to complete a loop.
Low Voltage Differential (LVD) A low-noise, low-power, and low-amplitude
electrical signaling system that enables data communication between a
supported server and the tape drive. LVD signaling uses two wires to drive
one signal over copper wire. The use of wire pairs reduces electrical noise and
crosstalk.
LTO
See Linear Tape-Open.
LVD
See Low Voltage Differential.
magnetic tape A tape with a magnetizable surface layer on which data can
be stored by magnetic recording. maintenance mode. The state of operation in
which the tape drive must be before it can run diagnostics, verify write and
read operations, verify a suspect tape cartridge, update its own firmware, and
perform other diagnostic and maintenance functions.
MB
AUGUST 2005
See megabyte.
EXABYTE MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2)
69
GLOSSARY
media
The plural of medium.
medium A physical material in or on which data may be represented, such as
magnetic tape.
Megabyte (MB)
msec
One million (1 000 000) bytes.
Millisecond; one-thousandth of a second.
network A configuration of data processing devices and software that is
connected for information interchange.
Noise Any kind of magnetic or electric interference detected by the
electronics.
oersted The unit of magnetic field strength in the unrationalized
centimeter-gram-second (cgs) electromagnetic system. The oersted is the
magnetic field strength in the interior of an elongated, uniformly wound
solenoid that is excited with a linear current density in its winding of one
ampere per 4 pi centimeters of axial length.
offline The operating condition that the tape drive is in when the server’s
applications cannot interact with it.
online The operating condition that the tape drive is in when the server’s
applications can interact with it.
Open Systems
Computer systems whose standards are not proprietary.
operating environment The temperature, relative humidity rate, and wet
bulb temperature of the room in which the tape drive routinely conducts
processing.
parity The state of being even-numbered or odd-numbered. A parity bit is a
binary number that is added to a group of binary numbers to make the sum of
that group always odd (odd parity) or even (even parity).
parity error A transmission error that occurs when the received data does
not have the parity that is expected by the receiving system. This usually
occurs when the sending and receiving systems have different parity settings.
port (1) A system or network access point for data entry or exit. (2) A
connector on a device to which cables for other devices such as display
stations and printers are attached. (3) The representation of a physical
connection to hardware. A port is sometimes referred to as an adapter;
however, there can be more than one port on an adapter.
power connector Located at the rear of the tape drive, the connector to
which the internal power cable of an enclosure connects.
power cord
power-off
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PRODUCT MANUAL
A cable that connects a device to a source of electrical power.
To remove electrical power from a device.
1013187
GLOSSARY
power-on, powered-on (1) To apply electrical power to a device. (2) The state
of a device when power has been applied to it.
read To acquire or interpret data from a storage device, from a data medium,
or from another source.
reboot To reinitialize the execution of a program by repeating the initial
program load (IPL) operation.
record The smallest distinct set of data bytes that is supplied from a server
for processing and recording by a tape drive, and the smallest distinct set of
data to be read from tape, reprocessed, and made available to a server by a
tape drive.
relative humidity The ratio of the amount of water vapor actually present in
the air to the greatest amount possible at the same temperature.
reset
To return a device or circuit to a clear state.
scratch cartridge A data cartridge that contains no useful data, but can be
written to with new data.
SCSI
See Small Computer Systems Interface.
SCSI bus (1) A collection of wires through which data is transmitted from
one part of a computer to another. (2) A generic term that refers to the
complete set of signals that define the activity of the Small Computer Systems
Interface (SCSI).
SCSI ID A unique address (from 1 to 15) assigned to each device attached to a
SCSI bus. See also Bus.
SCSI connector Located at the rear of the tape drive, the connector that
facilitates commands to and from the server, and to which the internal SCSI
cable of an enclosure connects.
SCSI device Anything that can connect into the SCSI bus and actively
participate in bus activity.
SCSI drive sense data In response to inquiry from the server about an error
condition, a packet of SCSI sense bytes that contains information about the
error and that is sent back to the server by the drive.
SCSI ID connector Located at the rear of the tape drive, the connector that
enables the drive’s SCSI address to be set. Addresses are determined by the
placement of jumpers on the pins.
SCSI interface
See Small Computer Systems Interface.
SCSI log sense data In response to inquiry from the server about the tape
drive’s error logs and counters, a packet of SCSI sense bytes which contains
that information and which is sent back to the server by the drive. Log sense
data is used to diagnose problems, especially if the problems are intermittent.
AUGUST 2005
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71
GLOSSARY
second
One sixtieth of a minute.
sense data Data that describes an I/O error. Sense data is presented to a
server in response to a Sense I/O command.
server A functional unit that provides services to one or more clients over a
network. Examples include a file server, a print server, or a mail server.
single-character display Located at the front of the tape drive, an LED that
presents an alphabetical or numeric code which represents a diagnostic or
maintenance function, error condition, or informational message.
sleep mode A power-management function that causes the tape drive’s
electronics to automatically enter a low-power mode by which to conserve
energy.
Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) A standard used by computer
manufacturers for attaching peripheral devices (such as tape drives, hard
disks, CD-ROM players, printers, and scanners) to computers (servers).
Pronounced “scuzzy.” Variations of the SCSI interface provide for faster data
transmission rates than standard serial and parallel ports (up to 160 megabytes
per second). The variations include:
Fast/Wide SCSI: Uses a 16-bit bus, and supports data rates of up to 20
MB/second.
SCSI-1: Uses an 8-bit bus, and supports data rates of 4 MBps.
SCSI-2: Same as SCSI-1, but uses a 50-pin connector instead of a 25-pin
connector, and supports multiple devices.
Ultra SCSI: Uses an 8- or 16-bit bus, and supports data rates of 20 or 40
MB/second.
Ultra2 SCSI: Uses an 8- or 16-bit bus and supports data rates of 40 or 80
MB/second.
Ultra3 SCSI: Uses a 16-bit bus and supports data rates of 80 or 160
MB/second.
Ultra160 SCSI: Uses a 16-bit bus and supports data rates of 160 MB/second.
software Programs, procedures, rules, and any associated documentation
pertaining to the operation of a computer system.
speed matching A technique used by the tape drive to dynamically adjust its
native (uncompressed) data rate to the slower data rate of a server. Speed
matching improves system performance and reduces backhitch.
status LED Located at the front of the tape drive, an LED that can be green or
amber, and (when lit) solid or flashing. The condition of the light represents
the state of the drive.
Streaming An operational mode that occurs when the data transfer rate to or
from the host closely matches the tape drive’s data transfer rate, allowing the
tape drive to read or write data in a continuous stream.
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1013187
GLOSSARY
TapeAlert patented technology and ANSI standard that defines conditions
and problems that are experienced by tape drives.
TapeAlert flags Status and error messages that are generated by the
TapeAlert utility and display on the server ’s console.
tape cartridge A removable storage case that houses belt-driven magnetic
tape that is wound on a supply reel and a takeup reel.
tape drive A data-storage device that controls the movement of the magnetic
tape in a tape cartridge. The drive houses the mechanism (drive head) that
reads and writes data to the tape. Its native data capacity is 100 GB per
cartridge; with 2:1 compression, its capacity is up to 200 GB.
tape path
Within a tape drive, the channel in which the media moves.
terminate To prevent unwanted electrical signal reflections by applying a
device (known as a terminator) that absorbs the energy from the transmission
line.
terminator (1) A part that is used to end a SCSI bus. (2) A single-port, 75-ohm
device that is used to absorb energy from a transmission line. Terminators
prevent energy from reflecting back into a cable plant by absorbing the radio
frequency signals. A terminator is usually shielded, which prevents unwanted
signals from entering or valid signals from leaving the cable system.
Test Head diagnostic A test that determines whether the heads of the tape
drive are operating properly and whether the drive can correctly read from
and write to tape.
transfer rate
See data transfer rate.
Ultra160 LVD SCSI interface
See Small Computer Systems Interface.
unload The act (performed by the drive) of unthreading tape from the
drive’s internal tape path and returning it (with the leader block) to the tape
cartridge.
utility
See utility program.
utility program A computer program that supports computer processes. For
example, a diagnostic program, a trace program, or a sort program.
V DC
Volts DC (direct current).
volt The SI (international) unit of potential difference and electromotive
force. Formally defined as the difference of electric potential between two
points of a conductor that carries a constant current of one ampere when the
power dissipated between these points is equal to one watt.
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EXABYTE MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2)
73
GLOSSARY
wet bulb temperature The temperature at which pure water must be
evaporated adiabatically at constant pressure into a given sample of air in
order to saturate the air under steady-state conditions. Wet bulb temperature
is read from a wet bulb thermometer.
write To make a permanent or transient recording of data in a storage device
or on a data medium.
write protected Applicable to a tape cartridge, the condition that exists when
some logical or physical mechanism prevents a device from writing on the
tape in that cartridge.
write-protect switch Located on the tape cartridge, a switch that prevents
accidental erasure of data. Pictures of a locked and unlocked padlock appear
on the switch. When you slide the switch to the locked padlock, data cannot
be written to the tape. When you slide the switch to the unlocked padlock,
data can be written to the tape.
Write/Read test Part of the Test Head diagnostic, a procedure that
determines whether the tape drive can correctly read from and write to tape.
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PRODUCT MANUAL
1013187
INDEX
A
AC power connector, location 3
AC power consumption 64
address
See SCSI ID 9
agency labels 64
altitude specifications 64
ANSI publications xiv
application software
compatibility 14
integrating the tape drive 14
attaching leader pin to tape, procedure
29 to 34
B
backhitching, preventing 4
bezel
See components, front panel
burst data transfer rate 63
bus, connecting tape drive to SCSI
11 to 13
C
cables, for SCSI 12
capacity 23
cartridge
capacities 23
cleaning 19
compatibility 3
loading 17
loading into tape drive 17 to 18
setting the write-protect switch 24
unloading 18
See also data cartridge
AUGUST 2005
cartridge door
loading a cartridge 17 to 18
location 2
cartridge memory 22
channel calibration 4
cleaning
instructions 19
LED indicators 19
cleaning cartridge
disposing 34
using 19
See also cartridge
clearing error code log 53 to 54
compatibility, with software and operating
systems 7, 14
compatible tape cartridges 3, 22
compliance, safety and regulatory 64
components
back panel 3
data cartridge 21
front panel 2
compressed capacity 23
compressed data transfer rate 1
connections
power 10
SCSI bus 11 to 13
connectors, back panel 3
contacting Exabyte iv
converting an FMR tape to a scratch
tape 52 to 53
copy drive dump to tape 52
create FMR tape 50 to 51
current, electrical specifications 64
EXABYTE MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2)
75
INDEX
D
drive head, cleaning
data cartridge
capacity 23
cartridge memory 22
compatibility 22
degaussing 34
description 21 to 22
disposing 34
environmental and shipping
specifications 23
handling guidelines 24 to 27
labeling 22
reattaching leader pin 29 to 34
repairing 27 to 34
repositioning leader pin 28 to 29
retiring 26
specifications 22 to 23
storage 26
supported formats 22
testing 54 to 55
using 17 to 18, 24
using a repaired cartridge 27
See also cartridge
data transfer rates 63
degaussing a data cartridge 34
device drivers 14
diagnostics 35 to 57
clear error code log 53 to 54
copy drive dump to tape 52
display error code log 53
enable/disable POST error reporting
fast read/write test 10, 55 to 56
force a drive dump 51
run SCSI drive diagnostics 48 to 49
running during installation 10
selecting 47
test cartridge & media 54 to 55
test head 56 to 57
dimensions of tape drive 63
displaying error code log 53
disposing of a cartridge 34
drive
See tape drive
drive diagnostics 47 to 57
drive dump
copying to tape 52
forcing 51
obtaining with LTO Tool 61
E
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PRODUCT MANUAL
19
eject button
See unload button
ejecting a cartridge 18
end of life plan iii
environmental specifications
for data cartridges 23
tape drive 64
erasing tape 34
error code log
clearing 53 to 54
displaying 53
errors
descriptions and corrective actions
media 43
methods of receiving 37
reported by server 41 to 42
SCSI bus 41 to 42
TapeAlert flags 44 to 47
troubleshooting tips 35 to 36
using sense data 58
Exabyte, contacting iv
exiting maintenance mode 48
37 to 41
F
57
Fast Read/Write Test 10, 55
FCC statement iii
features 1 to 5
firmware
recovery from error 17
updating over SCSI bus 60
updating using a FMR tape 49 to 50
updating with LTO Tool 60
FMR tape
converting to scratch tape 52 to 53
creating 50 to 51
using to upgrade firmware 49 to 50
forcing a drive dump 51
front panel
See components, front panel
front panel, controls and indicators 15 to 17
function codes
See diagnostics
See maintenance functions
1013187
INDEX
G
getting help
LTO media 21 to 34
LTO Tool
obtaining a drive dump 61
using to update firmware 60
iv
H
M
head, testing 56 to 57
host computer
See server
humidity, specifications
data cartridge 23
tape drive 64
I
ID
See SCSI ID 9
ID switch
See SCSI ID switch
INCITS publications xiv
informational messages 37 to 41
inserting a cartridge 17 to 18
insertion guide, location 21
installing the tape drive 8 to 13
integrating the tape drive into a system
14
maintenance functions
clear error code log 53 to 54
convert FMR tape to scratch tape 52 to 53
copy drive dump to tape 52
create FMR tape 50 to 51
display error code log 53
exiting 48
force a drive dump 51
insert cartridge into drive 54
selecting 47
update drive firmware from FMR
tape 49 to 50
maintenance mode
exiting 48
selecting 47
media
See cleaning cartridge
See data cartridge
media related errors 43
L
N
label area, on data cartridge 21
labels, agency 64
laser safety notice iii
leader pin
description 22
location in data cartridge 21
reattaching to the tape 29 to 34
repositioning 28 to 29
leader pin reattachment kit
contents 29 to 30
obtaining 27
LED
cleaning indicator 19
monitoring 16 to 17
power-on sequence 10
Linear Tape-Open (LTO) Cartridge Memory
(CM) 22
loading a cartridge 17 to 18
low-power mode 5
LTO cartridge memory 22
native storage capacity
AUGUST 2005
23
O
on/off switch
See power switch
operating environment 64
operating system, compatibility 14
operating the tape drive 15 to 20
P
packing the tape drive 59
panic reset, performing 16
performance specifications 63
POST
description 10
enabling/disabling error reporting
EXABYTE MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2)
57
77
INDEX
power
connecting to tape drive 10
specifications 64
power cable, connecting to tape drive
power connector
location 3
power connector, location 3
power indicator, location 2
power specifications 64
power switch
location 2
using 15
problems, resolving 35 to 36
publications, related xiv
10
R
read/write compatibility 22
red dot 2
regulatory standards 64
relative humidity specification
data cartridge 23
tape drive 64
resetting the tape drive 19
retiring cartridges 26
returning tape drive for service 59
Run SCSI Drive Diagnostics 48 to 49
S
safety and regulatory compliance 64
SCSI bus
bandwidth 12
cable length 12
configuring 11 to 13
errors 41 to 42
guidelines 12
HVD 12
length restrictions 12
LVD 12
maximum number of drives 12
mixing LVD and HVD/DIFF
components 13
single-ended devices 12
speed 4, 12
termination guidelines 12
SCSI bus reset 19
SCSI cable, connecting to tape drive 11 to 13
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PRODUCT MANUAL
SCSI connectors
connecting cables 13
location 3
SCSI ID
priorities 9
setting 9
SCSI ID switch
location 3
using 9
SCSI terminator, installing 13
selecting maintenance mode 47
sense data, using 58
server
configuring tape drive to 7, 14
resolving errors 41 to 42
updating firmware from 60
service, returning the tape drive iv, 59
setting the SCSI ID 9
setting the write-protect switch 24
shipping the tape drive 59
single-character display
error codes and messages 37 to 41
function codes 47 to 57
location 2
monitoring 17
red dot 2
single red dot 17
single-ended devices 12
sleep mode 5
specifications
data cartridge 22 to 23
tape drive 63 to 64
speed 63
speed matching 4
status LED
error indication 17
error recovery indication 17
location 2
monitoring 16 to 17
updating firmware indication 17
storage environment
data cartridges 26
tape drive 64
1013187
INDEX
T
V
tape
See cleaning cartridge
See data cartridge
tape drive
cleaning the head 19
description 1 to 3
diagnostics 35 to 57
dimensions 63
environmental specifications 64
features 1 to 5
front panel controls and indicators 15 to 17
installing 7 to 14
integrating 14
media errors 43
on same SCSI bus as a disk drive 7
operating 15 to 20
operating system and software
compatibility 14
preparing for installation 7 to 8
supported software and operating
systems 7
terminating 13
testing 55 to 56
testing the head 56 to 57
troubleshooting 35 to 57
upgrading firmware 60
using with a RAID controller 7
weight 63
TapeAlert flags 44 to 47
Technical Support iv
temperature range specifications
data cartridge 23
tape drive 64
terminator, installing 13
transfer rate 63
troubleshooting tips 35 to 36
voltage specifications
64
W
weight of tape drive 63
wet bulb, humidity specification
data cartridge 23
tape drive 64
write-protect switch
description 22
location on data cartridge 22
setting 24
U
Ultra160 LVD SCSI interface 4, 12
unload button
location 2
using for panic reset 16
using to eject cartridge 18
unpacking 8
upgrading firmware 60
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EXABYTE MAGNUM TAPE DRIVE (LTO-2)
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INDEX
Notes
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PRODUCT MANUAL
1013187