Pentax AF-400T camera flash User Manual

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~~ FEATURES OF THE AF-400T .
"DESCRIPTION OF PARTS
—.. GRIP BATTERY PACK ..
HOW TO USE THE BRACKET ©
“ SYNCH CORD HOOK-UP
a Е THREE-LEVEL AUTO FLASH
“i. TTL AUTO OPERATION Зе
~~ TTL AUTO FLASH RANGE CHART ...... ..
© MANUAL FLASH OPERATION (М, М$ Settings)
| FLASH READY/AUTO CHECK INDICATORS”
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e Test Flash.
FLASH MODE/LIGHT iINTENSITY LEVERS”
INDEXING. THE ASA FILM SPEED .. 0."
... SYNCHRONIZATION SPEEDS/OPERATIONAL FEATURES
| À. Method.of Synchronization
- e Synchronization/Operational Features Chart”
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“« Exposures at MS Manual
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. e: Auto Check Lamp - 2
eo Viewfinder Auto Check/Auto Check Switch
~~ BOUNCE FLASH PHOTOGRAPHY
SEQUENTIAL.FLASH WITH MOTOR DRIVE AND WINDER
~ WIDE-ANGLE/TELE LENS ADAPTORS
POWER SOURCES
PRECAUTIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
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Your AF-400T is undoubtedly one of the most
advanced electronic flash units on the market
with a host of features to meet virtually all of
your flash photo needs regardless of the
camera you own. It’s a full professional-type
systems flash unit that attaches via an accessory
bracket to the tripod socket at the base of the
camera and features a highly versatile flash
accessory system, including three DC power
source options, plus an AC Adaptor, wide-
angle and telephoto adaptors, multiple flash
capability, sequential flash with motor drive
and winder and more.
Standard operating features offered for all
cameras featuring X-synchronization via flash
cord or hotshoe (via adaptor cord) include
Three-Level Auto Flash Control by means of
a built-in auto flash sensor which permits
selection of three flash apertures, plus manual
flash at four light intensity levels (FULL, 1/4,
1/16, and 1/25th output), with quick recycling
offered at the 1/25th power setting.
In addition, when used with the Pentax LX, 645,
Super A/Super Program, etc., the special TTL
Auto Flash Mode setting may be used, where-
by the flash integrates fully with the camera’s
IDM (Integrated Direct metering) System to
effect flash output control directly at the film
plane from inside the camera, thus enabling
free aperture selection over the entire auto
flash operating range along with unprecedented
exposure accuracy. Other special featurs of
the AF-400T with the LX as well as other late
model Pentaxes include dedicated flash oper-
ation on Auto (automatic synchronization/
viewfinder flash ready indication) plus
a unique MS (manual with auto synch)
Mode providing automatic synchronization
on charging and viewfinder flash ready
indication for manual operation as well.
Other dedicated flash features include
viewfinder flash range confirmation following
exposures in both TTL Auto and Three-Level
Auto modes, plus preexposure viewfinder
auto check in the Three-Level Auto mode.
Additional standard features include
a convenient rotating flash head that swivels
90° on each side (up to 180” to the left for
backward bounce) with 45° indents and _
tilts vertically 90° with a -15° setting for
close-ups. For difficult bounce and other
complex flash situations, an auto check lamp
on the back of the flash unit lights after
pressing the test button to enable auto flash
2
range checks before exposures in the Three-
Level Auto mode.
How to use this manual
Regardless of the type of camera you own, be
sure to read the “Flash Preparation” section
of the manual beforehand, after which, pause
briefly at the “Synchronization Speeds/
Operational Features” section {page 18) to
examine the particular features the AF 400T
has to offer when used with your camera.
Cameras without “dedicated” /TTL flash
provision
All sections of the manual except “TTL Auto
Flash Operation” contain information
pertinent to operation of this flash unit with
your camera and should be read carefully in
order to take maximum advantage of the
benefits the flash unit has to offer.
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Cameras with “dedicated” flash provision
(Most of current Pentax models except
K1000)
When operated at the Three-Level Auto mode
settings, and also at the MS (dedicated)
manual setting, your camera will have the
added benefit of automatic flash synchroniza-
tion and viewfinder flash data indication with
the AF-400T. Thus, except for the “TTL
Auto Flash Operation” section, carefully read
all sections of the text in order to fully under-
stand the advantages the AF-400T has to offer
with your camera.
Cameras with TTL Auto Flash Provision
The TTL Auto Flash Mode section of the
AF-400T is a special mode designed to offer
TTL (through-the-lens) Auto Flash Control
from inside the camera when used with the
Pentax LX, 645, Super A/Super Program, etc.
with its IDM System of exposure control.
With these cameras, the TTL Auto Flash
serves as the flash unit’s main operating mode
offering the advantages of film plane metering
and free aperture selection which overshadow
those of standard auto operation with the
flash unit’s built-in sensor and making use of
the Three-Level Auto mode virtually unneces-
sary. After examining the chart on pages 18
and 19, skip directly to the “TTL AUTO
OPERATION?” pages to check out basic flash
operating features with your camera. Then,
proceed to read the other sections of the
manual, paying particular attention to the
“Manual” section and the operational
differences between “M'* and “MS” Manual
modes as there will be occasions when one
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form of manual flash is more advantageous
than the other.
While TTL Auto eliminates the necessity for
use of Three-Level Auto with the LX, 645,
Super A/Super Program, etc., it is still useful
to familiarize yourself with the “Three-Level
Auto” section also, as this mode can be used
for approximate preflash exposure checks -
for TTL Auto. |
NOTE: These instructions apply for Pentax
cameras marketed as of the date of publication
on the back cover of this booklet. For specific
operating instructions with later model Pentax
cameras not mentioned in this manual, refer
to your camera instruction booklet.
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@ base cover (removable)
O bracket lock release (rear)
© bracket clamp
@ grip
© 4 P synch terminal
© synch cord lock button
O auto flash sensor
© bounce angle scale (beneath flash head)
© flash head
(MD adaptor mounting slot
BRACKET
® bracket pin
@ tripod screw hole
® tripod screw
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A re
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=
FLASH DATA PANEL
@ flash head lock lever
@ distance scale
(D aperture scale
@ color aperture indices
(Y ASA/1SO film speed scale/indices
® PC synch terminal
@ power switch
@ external power socket
@ viewfinder auto check switch
(FINDER A, CHECK)
E) flash mode selector lever
@ manual light intensity selector
@ test button/flash ready lamp
@ auto check lamp (A. CHECK)
4P synch cord B
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BATTERY PACK à
@ battery compartment lock -
6 lock index mark 5
@ battery compartment cap 4P synch cord A (optional) :
(Bottom View) :
| contact plate :
@ guide pin a
| 6 thumb screw |
A 4P synch cord A-5m (optional) E
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4P synch cord C (optional) 4P synch cord B-5m (optional)
aa AA GEL A TT
PERTERT PACK [Baar meron Mounting)
NOTE: Operating instructions for po Inserting the Batteries:
wer
source units other than the Battery Pack 1) Turn the battery compartment lock dial @
are provided with the individual power unit counterclockwise with a coin (to the point where “q
(see page 37). aligns with the index mark) and remove the battery
fir GEA Wii E AUT spre
compartment cap.
The Battery Pack attaches quickly and easily to 2) Insert the six AA-size Alkaline or NiCad cells into
the base of the flash unit. It is easily carried about the compartment in accordance with the + - polarity
making it ideal for light shooting sessions with flash. diagrams O) on the walls of the compartment. i
“ The Pack is powered by gither six AA-size Alkaline 3) Replace the battery cap by aligning the index mark x
5 | or NiCad Cells (for NiCads a commercially available with the white index dot @. Press down on the cap a
DE recharger unit is required). so that it fits tightly and turn the lock dial clockwise.
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with a coin until “C” aligns with the index marks.
Mounting the Battery Pack:
1) Remove the grip base cover ® on the bottom of
the flash unit by twisting it clockwise.
2) Align the guide pin of the Battery Pack @ with
the guide pin alignment hole @ of the grip and
mesh the two units together. Turn the Battery Pack
thumbscrew @ clockwise to lock in place.
To Remove the Pack: Turn thumbscrew in the
opposite direction and separate. ALWAYS COVER
THE BASE OF THE FLASH WITH THE GRIP
BASE COVER WHEN NOT USING THE BATTERY
PACK TO PROTECT ELECTRICAL CONTACTS.
Test Flash:
Slide the power switch to INT ON: in a few seconds
the flash ready lamp will light up. Press the lamp
{which doubles as a test button) to discharge flash.
If the lamp fails to light within 30 seconds, batteries
may be inserted improperly (if new) or worn out (if
old). After testing, slide the power switch back
to OFF,
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The AF-400T may be attached to all cameras featur-
ing a tripod socket by using the mounting bracket
supplied. The bracket clamp at the base of the flash
grip loosens for positioning the flash on either the
left or right side of the lens; flash-head-to-camera
distance is also adjustable.
= Choose a suitable position for the flash and attach $
the bracket securely to the camera body by tightening Е
the tripod screw €.
s Adjustment of the bracket clamp is required when
you desire to position the flash on the opposite side
of the lens. Loosen the two screws of the clamp O,
realign the clamp with the index line mark on the
opposite side of the grip and tighten screws. Flash E
head may be made to rotate freely to right or left or № =
backward for reflected flash by leaving screws slightly ¥
loose.
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® Tum the bracket clamp lock screw (9 counter-
clockwise fully. Align index mark of the bracket ®
with upright index mark of the clamp & and insert
bracket pin into the clamp until it locks in place
with an audible click. The other index marks on the
bracket clamp may be used to tilt the flashhead in
a number of positions for added flexibility in bounce
photography. To lock the bracket securely in place
turn the lock screw (9 completely clockwise ; for
quick release of flash, loosen the lock screw all the
way by turning it counterclockwise.
To remove flash: Loosen bracket lock screw all the
way, press in with thumb and separate two units.
Use with Tripod: The entire camera and flash assem-
bly may be mounted on a tripod by screwing the
tripod to the tripod hole on either end of the base
of the bracket.
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Five types of synch cords may be used with the AF400T;
usage varies in accordance with the camera in use with the
flash unit,
4P Synch Cord A and 4P Synch Cord A-5m (for Pentax LX)
These cords feature special contacts for coupling with the
camera's TTL/dedicated flash system. The cord attaches to
the 4-pin terminal on the side of the flash head and X-synch
terminal on camera body. To attach: Align 4P plug
(horizontal groove facing you) with 4P terminal (1) as shown
and push plug al! the way in until it locks in place. Attach
plug to TTL X-synch terminal © (lower terminal) on the
camera body with TTL contacts at bottom as shown. Tighten
collar screw to secure in place. The 5m Synch Cord A permits
off-camera flash photography.
To remove cord from flash: Push lock button ® at side of 4-
pin terminal all the way in and remove cord.
NOTE: This cord is not specified for cameras without a TTL/
dedicated flash terminal on the body. For cameras featuring
dedicated flash via hotshoe use 4P Synch Cord B (below);
for other cameras use 4P Synch Cord C or a standard PC Cord.
4P Synch Cord B and 4P Synch Cord B-5m (for Pentax
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cameras with dedicated flash)
These cords are essentially the same as 4P Synch Cord A, but
is designed for coupling with Pentax cameras featuring 4P Cord B
dedicated flash operation via hotshoe only (ME SUPER, MG, 4P Cord 8-5M
etc.)
To attach: Insert 4P plug into 4P terminal (1) on flash above,
then slide camera side connector all the way into camera
hotshoe @ as shown.
4P Synch Cord C (for non--T TL/dedicated flash cameras)
Also available optionally, this cord enables synchronization
of cameras featuring an X-terminal but without TTL/dedicated e
operation (ME, MX, K-2, etc) via the 4P terminal of the flash
unit. To attach: Insert 4P plug into 4P terminal (M) as with
Synch Cords À and B above, then, attach the camera side
connector to camera X-synch terminal @
PC Cord (for non-TTL/dedicated flash camera)
In addition to 4P Synch Cord C, cameras without TTL/
dedicated flash featuring an X-synch terminal may also be
synchronized with a commercial PC Cord. To attach: in this
instance, connect the cord plug to the PC terminal beneath
the flash head ® and thé camera side plug to the camera
X-synch terminal @
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4P Cord A
4P Cord A-5m
4P Cord C
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Flash Mode Selector:
Located on the panel beneath the flash head, the
flash mode selector enables selection of any of six
flash mode settings. The light intensity control lever
just above it enables preselection of one of four light
intensity levels when operating the flash unit in the
M (Manual) or MS (manual with auto synch) modes.
To select the operating mode: Slide the mode selector
lever until the white index mark on the selector
corresponds with the index mark for the desired
operating mode. To select light intensity level for
manual operation: After setting the mode selector
to the M or MS manual setting, set the light intensity
for the required output level (see Manual Operation,
page 26).
14
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TL AUTO AUTO
FINDER A.CHECK
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TILAUTO-- AUTO
TTL Auto: This setting is used for TTL (through-
the-lens) integrated flash control with Pentax cameras
featuring [DM (such as the LX) or similar flash
metering systems (see page 23).
190 CIMS M
TILAUTO— AUTO
Three-Level Auto These three color-coded settings
are used for auto flash operation with all cameras
not featuring TTL operation. With the selector at
these settings, flash output is controlled by the buiit-
in sensor on the flash head. YELLOW is for low
output/smaller apertures, GREEN for medium
output/middie apertures, RED for high output/wide
apertures (see page 20).
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TILAUTO- AUTO
M (Manual) At this setting standard manual flash
operation is featured at the power output level
indexed on the light intensity selector just above it.
With Pentax cameras offering TTL/dedicated flash
operation, the M manual setting enables you to
override the dedicated flash features for free
selection of synchronization speeds (see page 26).
| O0 CMS M
TIL AUTO=--" AUTO
MS (Manual with Auto Synch) This setting also
offers manual operation at the output-evel indexed
on the light intensity level. In addition, with the
film-plane metering LX and Pentax cameras with
dedicated flash provision, MS manual gives you the
added benefit of automatic synchronization at **X"’
and viewfinder flash ready indication (see page 29).
15
TES INDI
SAHSO FILM SPEED:
* É e ds e BA Te HA NT mil
The ASA/ISO film speed scale on the back of the
flash head is provided as a guide for selecting the
correct aperture according to the ASA/1SO rating
of the film in use and the mode of flash operation
you've chosen. Flash ranges for each aperture are
indicated on the distance scale of the flash data
panel when the ASA/ISO index lever is moved to
the appropriate mode.
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® TTL AUTO, THREE-LEVEL AUTO
OPERATION: index the ASA/ISO number of
the film being used to the FULL, AUTO setting.
Ó M, MS MANUAL OPERATION: Index the
ASA/1SO number of the film being used to
the same light intensity level chosen (FULL,
AUTO for full output, 1/16 far 1/16, etc.)
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The chart below represents the ASA/ISO value for
the in-between settings not numerically indicated
on the ASA/iSO scale.
28 0 Y al 125 160 xx 5% 54
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32 64 100 200 400 800
NOTE: For TTL operation, the ASA/!SO index
‘ serves only as a rough guide for aperture range.
For more accurate figures, use the handy TTL
Auto Flash Range Chart provided on page 25 of
this manual.
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The method of flash synchronization and operational fea-
tures of the AF-400T vary depending upon the camera
you are using it with. Generaily speaking, Three-Level
Auto (or standard Auto via the built-in flash sensor) and
manual at M are standard features with all cameras offer-
ing X-synchronization; the TTL Auto mode is available
with the Pentax LX, 645, Super A or Super Program. In
addition, with the LX and also with certain other Pentax
cameras, automatic flash synchronization and viewfinder
flash ready indication are available for Auto and M/S
manual modes as indicated in the chart.
Method of Synchronization: With the Pentax cameras
mentioned in the chart, the AF-400T is synchronized in
the shutter modes and at the shutter speeds indicated in
the column of the chart representing that camera. For
cameras offering TTL/dedicated flash operation not
specifically mentioned in the chart, refer to your camera
instruction manual for synchronization and operational
features, With older model Pentax cameras and cameras of
other makes, synchronization is basically the same as indi-
cated in the last column of the chart, However, as there
are exceptions be sure to refer to your camera instruction
manual for details.
18
ES YNCHRONIZATION SPEEDS/OPERATIONALE
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TTL Auto, TTL Auto,
Flash Three-level Auto, Three-level Auto,
Modes M in four steps, M in four steps,
MS in four steps MS in four steps
At 1/50 sec. with At 1/60 sec. with
Auto- shutter dial set at photo mode set to
matic "AUTOMATIC" Programmed AE, E
Synch Aperture-priority AE 4
or Shutter-priority AEB:
Manual | At“X” (1/75 sec.) By setting '60” (1/60 $:
< meh setting of shutter sec.) in LCD window $:
у dial E
Flash 1) LED sign in 1) LED sign in finder; BE
Ready viewfinder LCD sign in LCD Æ---
Indica- 2) Flash ready lamp window
tion on flash 2) Flash ready lamp
on flash
A 1) Flickering LED 1) Flickering LED
Flash in viewfinder sign in viewfinder
Check 2) Auto check lamp | 2} Auto check lamp
on flash
on flash
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TTL Auto, TTL Auto, Three-level Auto, Three-level Auto, Three-level Auto,
Three-level Auto,
M in four steps,
MS in four steps
Three-level Auto,
M in four steps,
MS in four steps
M in four steps,
MS in four steps
M in four steps,
MS in four steps
M in four steps,
MS in four steps
At 1/100 sec. with
photo mode set to
Programmed AE,
Aperture-priority AE
or Shutter-priority AE
At 1/125 sec. with
shutter dial set at
“AUTO”
At 1/60 sec. with
shutter mode
selector set to
PROGRAM
At 1/100 sec. with
shutter dial set to
PROGRAM
At 1/100 sec. with
exposure mode set to
Programmed AE or
Aperture-priority AE
By setting “100”
(1/100 sec.) in
At “125X” (1/125
sec.) setting of
At 60%" (1/60
sec.) setting of shut-
Ar “100% (1/100
sec.) setting of
By setting “100”
(1/100) in LCD
CENTIC panel shutter dial ter mode selector shutter dial. window
1) LED sign inside 1) LCD sign in 1) LED lamp in viewfinder
viewfinder viewfinder 2) Flash ready lamp on flash
2) Flash ready lamp
on flash unit
2) Flash ready lamp
on flash
1) Flickering LED
sign in viewfinder
2) Auto check tamp
on flash unit
1) Flickering LCD
in viewfinder
2) Auto check lamp
on flash
1) Flickering LED sign in viewfinder
2) Auto check lamp on flash
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19
7 АН RE
Lata LAA A
When operating the AF-400T in the non-TTL Auto
Flash Mode, the proper exposure is determined by
the flash sensor on the flash unit itself. À choice of
three auto mode settings is available, permitting
three possible apertures for any given film speed.
The usable apertures are indicated by the yellow,
green and red color-coded figures on the distance
scale, with the most appropriate aperture determined
by flash-to-subject distance or individual exposure
requirements (i.e., for exposures where flash ranges
overlap). For actual operation: |
(1) Index the proper film speed at the FULL, AUTO
mark.
(2) Choose the appropriate aperture according to
the color-coded setting of the distance scale corre-
sponding to the flash-to-subject distance (see chart
and notes on page 21). Use the aperture best suited
to exposure requirements where a choice is possible.
(3) Set the mode selector lever to match the color
of the distance scale which indicates the aperture
you have chosen.
20
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(4) Set the power switch to ON; the flash is ready
for use when the ready lamp on the flash lights (flash E
ready indication is also given inside the viewfinder ;
for Pentax cameras with dedicated flash provision). | :
The flash auto check lamp {also viewfinder auto SN eE
check indicator when provided) will flicker when | > | h E
properly exposed; auto exposure range checks are EXT. OFF INT. = ; ;
also possible before exposures (see page 32). ON TTL AUTO АИ He
о К
AF400T A "E
| OFF ON
NOTE: When the flash is used on the Pentax camera E
Ln (Super A/Super Program, Program A/Program Plus, 83
ие A3/A3000, P5/P50, 645, or SFX/SF1) with the \ -
o aperture ring set to A (Auto), the aperture is auto- Ë
E matically set to the programmed f-stop upon
E completion of charging.
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When the distance ranges from 1.25m to 3.6m (4.1 reduces battery consumption. Yellow gives maxi- |
ft. to 11.8 ft.) use of all three auto flash settings is mum depth of field, while, in this case, Green offers
possible. Thus, at ASA/1SO 100, apertures of f/11 an intermediate choice. Flash range remains the
(YELLOW) f/8 (GREEN) and f/4 (RED) may be same for all three mode settings regardiess of +
used. Use of Red gives shorter recycling time and film speed. E
22 í
When used with Pentax Cameras with a TTL inte-
grated flash control system, such as the Pentax LX
with its IDM {Integrated Direct Metering) System,
YOU can realize the full capabilities of the AF-400T,
Not only does the TTL Auto mode permit YOU to use
any f-stop within the flash unit's operating range (film
speed indexing range of ASA/ISO 6 - 800 for LX
and 25 - 800 for Super A or Super Program), most of
the traditional problems of flash photography are
eliminated because the flash is controlled directly at
the film plane by the metering cell inside the camera.
There is no need for Compensation when using filters
or close-up accessories: bounce flash technique is
greatly simplified (see page 34). In addition, full inte-
gration with the camera’s auto exposure system al-
lows metering of both the ambient light and electron-
ic flash during the actual exposure. And, in situations
where there is enough available light, the camera's
exposure system overrides the need for flash, ensuring
correct exposure in all light conditions, For operation:
1) Set the flash mode selector to TTL Auto, set the
camera's shutter dial to AUTOMATIC. The camera
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synchronizes automatically at “X"" for flash. On charg-
ing, the “X” LED inside the viewfinder lights along
with the flash ready lamp on the back of the flash.
The ASA film speed set on the camera automatically
interlocks with flash, also. However, it's useful to
index the ASA/ISO film speed on the data panel to
assist in rough calculation of flash range.
2) Any lens aperture within the TTL flash coupling
range can be used. The following two methods are
available for calculation of flash range.
Quick calculation with the distance scale: Glance at
the flash distance scale on the back of the flash. You
can see the maximum range for the chosen aperture:
the minimum distance is approximately 1/8th of the
maximum. For example, with ASA/ISO 100 film at
f/2: 20 + 8 = 2.5. Thus, the total flash range at f/2
is 2.5m to 20m.
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i Using the TTL Flash Range Chart: The other 3) When you're certain that the
: method is to use “TTL Auto Flash Range Chart” aperture selected is within the
in the back of this book. This serves as a handy TTL auto flash range, release
pocket reference, permitting you to look up the the shutter to take the photo.
correct working ranges for a number of film speeds The auto check lamp on back
and apertures, thus eliminating the need for calcula- of the flash and the viewfinder
tion for most flash situations, Generally speaking, “X" LED will flicker after the
the wider the aperture, the greater the flash range; exposure to confirm that your
at medium apertures there is virtually no need to subject received sufficient flash.
check the exposure for average flash-subject Approximate pre-exposure flash
distances, while at relatively small apertures it’s range checks are also possible
necessary to know the working ranges to ensure for certain apertures using the
: adequate exposure. Three Level settings (see page 32).
E NOTE: In addition to Automatic,” with the Pentax LX, 645, Super A or Super Program, the camera shutter speed dial may
also be set at “X” for TTL operation. Do not use other settings, however, or proper synchronization will not be obtained.
The camera’s integrated TTL flash/non-flash auto exposure control system prevents flash when the metered shutter speed of
the exposure being made exceeds the speed where flash is required. Generally, automatic synchronization for flash is obtained
when the viewfinder LED indicates a shutter speed of 1/30th second and below {occasionally flash is obtained when the
viewfinder LED indicates a shutter speed of 1/60th second due to stepless metering). The above feature also applies to the LX,
645, Super A or Super Program during Three-Level Auto Flash operation and manual flash at the MS flash mode setting.
24
ii ed
TTL AUTO FLASH RANGE CHART
e pee NC A E 8
MATTE EEE EI OI GE EE me mph oT
A E e , т The chart is based on ASA/1SO 100. At ASA/1SO
- -Aperture 1]. Flash-to-subject distance ® . .
—(ASA/1SO 100) ‘| in meters (in feet) = 400, the distances are doubled, while at ASA/1SO
25, the distances halved. ,
| f/1.2 42 —33 (13.8 — 108.3) ® in the Aperture-priority AE or Metered Manual -
_ _ mode of the Super A or Super Program, the proper у
7 ma 36 28.5 (11.8 93.5) aperture should be selected according to the flash- :
f/2 25 —20 (82-— 65.6) to-subject distance as shown in the chart.
*In the Programmed AE or Shutter-priority AE
| f/2.8 1,8 — 14.2 ( 5.9 — 45.9) mode of the Super A or Super Program, the aperture
a. *f/4 13 —10 ( 4.3 — 32.8) is automatically set to the programmed f-stop
depending on the ASA/ISO rating of film in use, viz,
f/5.6 09 — 7 (3 — 23 ) tof/4at ASA/ISO 100 and the TTL Auto flash
== f/8 06 — 5 (21— 16.4) ranges from 1.3m to 10m.
ME f/11 05 — 3.6( 1.5— 11.5}
f/16 0.3 — 25(1.2— 8.2)
f/22 0.25 — 1.8 ( 0.8 — 5 )
25
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In addition to providing standard manual flash at
M with four light intensity levels to choose from,
the AF-400T also features a unique MS manual
mode, whereby "dedicated manual” flash operation
is possible when the flash is used with Pentax
cameras having TTL/dedicated flash provision as
indicated in “Exposures at MS Manual" (see
page 29, also chart on page 18).
Exposures at “M’ Manual
Standard manual flash at the M setting is especially
useful for exposure situations where it is necessary
to override the auto flash exposure system for free
selection of lens aperture or shutter speed. In
addition, by varying the light intensity levels (FULL
1/4, 1/16 and 1/25) increased versatility in aperture
selection may be gained for given shooting distances,
while the capability to reduce light intensity levels is
highly useful for close-up work requiring faster
recycling times.
(1) Set the mode selector to M and turn the flash
unit ON.
26
(2) Set the correct synchronization speed (or lower)
as indicated in the column for manual synchroniza-
tion for your camera in the chart on page 18.
(3) Set the light intensity selector to the desired light
intensity (FULL, 1/4, 1/16 or 1/25) and index the
ASA/ISO film speed scale on the flash data panel to
the same index mark as that chosen on the selector
switch.
(4) Set the exposure, using either of the following
methods:
Quick Calculation with Flash Data Panel:
Determine the flash-to-subject distance in feet or
1251/16 1/4 FULL
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meters on the distance scale of the lens or by other
means of accurate measurement. Pick out the correct
aperture for the given distance in the aperture
window (directly below the distance in feet, directly
above the distance in meters) on the flash data panel
on the back of the flash. For example, at 5 meters
4 distance using ASA/ISO 100 film at FULL output,
the correct aperture is f/8; at 10 meters it's f/4; at
1/16th output, it's f/2 at 5 meters and f/2.8 at 3.6
meters.
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Calculation Based on Guide Numbers:
You can also calculate the correct aperture setting
based on guide numbers given in the following table
and using the formula:
Guide Number
Flash-to-Subject Distance
For example, with. ASA/ISO GN40 at 10 meters
40 = 10 = 4, thus use f/4, etc.
Table of guide numbers (m)
Aperture =
_ASANSO Se
50 |! 100 | 200 | 400
Light intensity — | |.
Full 28 40 57 | 80
1/4 14 20 28 | 40
1/16 7 10 14 20
1/25 6 8 11 16
5) Set the correct f-stop on the lens aperture ring.
Take photo after flash ready lamp on back of flash
27
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lights. Be sure to turn the flash and/or power pack *Using the Auto Shutter Mode on M: While not
: power sources to OFF immediately after exposure recommended for normal photography when À
when no longer needed. mechanical shutter speeds are availabie, with the LX =
and for all other aperture-priority automatic cameras jf
having viewfinder shutter speed readouts (those with Æ
“Auto only" operation in particular), the AUTO
setting of the shutter dial may be used for manual
IMPORTANT: Correct exposures on manu- flash. In this instance, generally full exposures will ==
al depend upon 1) proper setting of the lens be obtained at speeds of 1/30 sec. or slower (depend-§¥.
aperture in relation to flash-to-subject dis- ing upon the individual synchronization features of E.
tance and guide number, 2) proper indexing the camera). Be sure that shutter speeds do not
A: of the ASA/ISO film speed in relation to exceed required synchronization or only partial
I light intensity, and 3) proper shutter speed exposures will be obtained; at very slow speeds, use
т synchronization. Neglect of any of these a tripod and make sure that subject is stationary to
steps will result in flash failures. avoid double images.
N
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Ca Tem.
Exposures at MS Manual
The MS manual setting is a special setting for
“dedicated manual” flash operation with Pentax
cameras featuring TT L/dedicated flash provision.
When these cameras are used at this setting, synchro-
nization at “X” is automatically obtained on charging
and flash ready indication is given in the viewfinder
in addition to standard manual flash at four light
intensity levels.
When cameras without dedicated flash provision
are used at this setting, only non-dedicated manual
operation is obtained. Similarly, in the Programmed
AE or Shutter-priority AE mode of the Super A
or Super Program, or in the Programmed AE mode
of the Program A or Program Plus, just the ordinary
manual flash operation is obtained even when the
flash is set at this MS setting {as at the M setting
described on page 26).
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For “dedicated manual” flash operation:
1) Set the made selector lever to MS and set the
power switch to ON.
2) Set the camera shutter dial to “Auto” {also M in
the case of the ME SUPER).
NOTE: Dedicated flash can also be obtained using
the LX at the mechanical *X" shutter speed setting.
(see note on next page}. When other cameras are
used at the mechanical *X” setting, standard non-
dedicated manual operation will be obtained (see
page 26).
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3) Determine the exposure as indicated in steps 3 —
5 for manual operation at M (see page 26-28). Camera
synchronizes automatically for flash on charging; the
viewfinder flash ready indicator also lights in
addition to the flash ready tamp on the back of the
flash. Turn the flash unit/power pack switches to
OFF when no longer needed.
To synchronize at speeds other than “X' for
cameras offering dedicated flash operation, switch
to the M manual mode.
30
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NA LEE a A ie A -
NOTE: Although automatic synchroniza-
tion at “X” is obtained with the LX with
the shutter dial set at either “Automatic”
or the mechanical “X” speed, do not use
other speeds for the MS manual mode as
proper exposure will not be obtained. More-
over, the camera's automatic exposure sys-
tem will still override flash when shutter
speed readings exceed the required synchro-
nization speed. For manual flash without
override, switch to manual flash at M.
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‘FLASH READY/AUTO CHECK INDICATORS <-
Flash Ready Lamp
The flash ready lamp on the back of the flash comes
on when the flash unit reaches 80 — 90% of its
charge; light intensity stabilizes a few seconds after
the lamp lights. With flash at low intensity, the ready
lamp comes on instantaneously when power supply
is adequate, permitting several flashes in succession.
Following high intensity flash, however, longer
intervals are required before the unit is ready to flash
again (recycling times depend upon the power source
being used).
Viewfinder Flash Ready Indicators
These are standard features on Pentax cameras with
TTL/Dedicated flash capacity and give you the
added convenience of telling you when the flash is
ready to fire without moving your eye from the
viewfinder. The proper auto flash synch cord must
be used before the ready lamp will light (see page 12).
Method of indication also varies slightly from camera
to camera {refer to the individual camera instruction
manual for details).
31
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Auto Check Lamp
The auto check lamp on the back of the flash serves
two basic functions:
Proper Exposure Confirmation: Following exposures
for the Three-Level Auto mode settings and the TTL
Auto mode as well, the auto check lamp will flicker
as confirmation that your subject received sufficient
exposure (CAUTION: be careful not to allow the
sensor to be fooled by foreground objects).
Pre-exposure Flash Range Check: For the Three-
Level Auto mode settings only, the auto check lamp
also permits you to check that the subject is within
correct flash exposure range before making the
actual exposure, highly convenient for bounce flash
and other difficult flash situations. After making
flash preparations and making sure to index the film
speed properiy on the back of the flash, turn the
flash on and press the test button after the ready
tamp comes on; if exposure is sufficient, the green
auto check tamp on the back of the flash will flicker
{if it fails to flicker, additional exposure adjustments
are required).
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Approximate Checks for TTL Auto:
While pre-exposure flash range checks cannot be
made in the TTL Auto Mode because the sensor in
the camera is used, approximate checks can be made
using one of the Three-Level Auto mode settings
when the aperture used approximates those
indicated for the three non-TTL settings. After flash
preparations, set the mode selector to the Yeliow,
Green or Red setting, whichever is appropriate for
- the aperture being used, and press the TEST button.
Be sure to set the selector back to TTL Auto before
making the actual exposure.
Viewfinder Auto Check/Auto Check Switch
Flash range confirmation inside the viewfinder is also
available with all Pentax cameras with TTL/Dedi-
cated flash provision {except the ME SUPER). In
both Three-Level Auto and TTL Auto modes, the
flash ready indicator (by LED with LX and 645, and
$ mark with Super A, Super Program, Program A or
Program Plus) will flicker after releasing the shutter
to confirm your subject is properly exposed (refer
to camera instruction manual for details). Pre-
exposure flash range check using the TEST button
is also given inside the viewfinder for the Three-Level
Auto mode only (see “Auto Check Lamp”).
Auto Check Switch: For fast action photography
with flash, the viewfinder exposure check ON/OFF
switch (marked FINDER A. CHECK) on the back of
the flash allows you to turn the viewfinder auto
exposure check OFF, Be sure the switch is set at ON
when you desire viewfinder auto check indication.
TIE
TTL AUTO AUTO
FINDER A.CHECK
OFF ON
33
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To avoid the flat lighting or harsh shadows which
are often characteristic of direct flash @ , the
AF-400T may be tilted to reflect light from a ceiling
or a wall, card, etc. @ . Indirect use of flash in this
matter is referred to as “bounce flash,” which gives
softer lighting and a greater sense of depth with
most photographs.
The AF-400T's highly mobile flash head and the
availability of auto flash via the built-in sensor make
it relatively easy to obtain good results for bounce
flash; it's even easier in the TTL auto mode.
Since the light intensity depends upon the nature of
the reflective surface, however, it’s a good idea to
test the flash with the auto check lamp before shoot-
ing to find the correct aperture.
In the manual mode, the aperture must be wider
than the calculated value (the number of stops again
depending upon the reflecting surface). Because of
this, it's helpful to refer to a photo guide book for
a more detailed explanation of bounce techniques for
manual flash.
34
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Vertical Bounce Flash: The flash head can be posi- i
tioned vertically at fixed 45°, 65° and 90° angles, !
simply by lifting it with your hand and tilting it
to the desired click-stop setting. Angles are marked
on the scale beneath the flash head. Use of angles
less than 45” is not recommended as lighting will be
1 uneven, For bounce flash at additional upright
angles, the entire grip may also be tilted by releasing
the bracket lock and aligning the unit to the appro-
priate index mark on the bracket.
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Horizontal Bounce Flash: To bounce from walls or É
HE other horizontal surfaces, you can rotate the grip E
pe horizontally 45°, 90°, 180° (for backward bounce) ой
Ч to the left, and 45° and 90° to the right, with click-
stop settings provided at respective angles (for
additional angles, the entire grip may aiso be rotated
—see section on mounting grip and bracket, page 10).
NOTE: For both vertical or horizontal bounce flash
at intermediate angles where the sensor does not face
the subject use only the TTL Auto or manual modes
{use of auto with the built-in sensor for these posi-
tions will not give correct exposures).
35
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Close-ups: For close-up work at distances from 0.5m
— 1m, the flash head may be tilted downward to
a -15° setting by sliding the lock lever an the back
of the flash head all the way in the direction of the
arrow on the back of the flash head and lowering
the head. As the sensor doesn't face the subject in
this instance also, use either the TTL Auto or
manual modes (to use auto with the built-in sensor
for close-ups, the grip must also be tilted forward so
that the sensor covers the subject as well (see
"Vertical Bounce Flash”).
CAUTION: Do not attempt to lower the flash head
without first releasing the lock or breakage could
result.
36
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When operating the flash at relatively close and
medium ranges, recycling times are fast enough to
permit sequential flash in conjunction with motor
drive or winder units for the TTL Auto and Three-
Level Auto modes. To obtain best results, set the
viewfinder auto check switch (FINDER A, CHECK)
on the back of the flash to OFF so that exposure
checks do not stow recycling times. Wait an addi-
tional 10 seconds after the flash ready lamp comes
on to allow sufficient time for the capacitor to
charge completely before beginning the sequence.
e in the TTL Auto mode, approximately 10 flashes
are obtainable in a sequence using high performance
alkaline batteries in good condition at f/1.4 with
ASA/ISO 100 film; approximately 10 in the red
Auto mode at f/4.
e When used on Super A/Super Program, Program A/
Program Plus, or P5/P50 for sequential flash by
powered winding operation, select either Aperture-
priority AE or Metered Manual mode. Maximum
speed of sequential flash is about 3.5 fps.
wi hg
rn LPT GA ee CAR ZR = =
e In addition to battery condition, recycling times
depend upon the subject matter and flash-to-subject
distances. Minimum recycling times are obtained in
the TTL Auto mode by using the largest aperture
available.
Manual Flash: Fast recycle times for sequential
flash with motor drive or winder are also available
in the manual mode at the 1/25 and 1/16 light
intensity settings. Sequential flash on manual,
however, requires that the subject remain at a fixed
distance; best results and minimum recycling times
are obtained at large apertures.
37
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The Pentax AFW 2 Wide-Angle Adaptor and AFT
2 Telephoto Adaptor offer greater flash beam
control when used in conjunction with the AF-400T
in both auto and manual flash modes. The
Wide-Angle Adaptor extends flash coverage for use
with wide-angle lenses down to 24mm, and improves
results with 28mm and 30mm wide-angle lenses.
The Telephoto Adaptor offers greater concentration
of the flash for use with telephoto lenses in the
85mm—200mm range.
How to Attach the Adaptors:
Fit either adaptor into the siots at the top and
bottom of the flash head, and slide it all the way
until it is centered over the flash head.
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Auto/TTL Auto Flash with Adaptors:
For Auto and TTL Auto photography with either
adaptor there is no need to adjust the aperture, but
the maximum shooting distance for each aperture
is altered. With the AFW 2, the maximum distance
| is halved, while with the AFT 2 it is increased 1.4
\ times. For example, referring to the flash range chart,
| at f/11 with ASA/!1SO 100 film, 0.5—3.6m becomes
0.5—1.8m with the AFW2; and 0.5—5m with
the AFT2.
| ]
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Manual Flash with Adaptors
For manual photography, light output is decreased
two stops with the AFW2 and increased 1 stop with’
the AFT2. For example, to find the correct aperture
with ASA/ISO 100 film, change the ASA/1SO index
a setting to ASA/ISO 25 with AFW2 and ASA/ISO 200
with AFT2. When using the guide for calculations, it
must be halved with the AFW2 and multiplied by
1.4 with the AFT2. For example, at ASA/1SO 100,
GN40 becomes GN20, with the AFW2 and GN56
with the AFT2.
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AF-400T in addition to the Battery Pack supplied AC Adaptor Il €
with the unit. Each power source unit has a variety This adaptor unit allows the AF-400T to be operated &
of uses and features, permitting you the option of from regular household current. It offers an un- |
selecting the most appropriate for your individual limited number of flashes along with fast recycling
photographical needs. times and can be used anywhere an AC outlet is
provided (voltage switchable for AC100V, 120V,
220V and 240V current).
TR Power Pack
The TR Power Pack is a transistorized portable
power unit which utilizes six “C” cell batteries and
transistor circuitry to reserve unused power allowing
fast recycling and successive shooting with the con-
venience of standard battery operation.
Power Pack 510V
The Power Pack 510V is a high performance
о, portable power unit using a 510V high-voltage l[ami-
Do nated battery and offering a greater number of flashes
and faster recycling times than the other portable
power sources.
40
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* As both flash unit and auxiliary power packs uti-
lize high voltage circuitry, never disassemble either.
If repair is required obtain proper service.
e Do not use solvent cleaners such as thinner, al-
cohol, gasoline, ether, etc. to clean the flash unit.’
e Do not expose the unit to high temperatures and
humidity for long periods of time. To ensure max-
imum performance always, store in a cool, dry well-
ventilated place. Also, test fire the unit every month
or two when storing for long periods of time to
maintain the capacitor at peak performance levels.
Power Sources:
e When using the Grip Battery Pack, be sure to turn
the flash unit power switch to OFF after use. With
other DC power source units, the switch on the
power pack itself must be turned off to avoid battery
drain. Take care that power switches are set to OFF
when storing flash equipment; batteries will soon
drain if the switch is left ON.
Batteries:
e When not using the power source for long periods
of time, remove batteries to avoid corrision.
® Use batteries with a fairly short shelf life. Batteries
that have exceeded the expiration date marked near
the contact terminals (or elsewhere) do not perform
consistently. Performance also varies with brand and
type and neither shouid be mixed. Best results are
obtained with high performance alkaline cells.
Rechargeable NiCad batteries (where specified) offer
the advantage of shorter recycling times but give less
total flashes per charge. Manganese batteries may be
used but total number of flashes is less.
e Due to use of high voltage parts in the flash and
auxiliary power source units, always make sure that
batteries are inserted properly; as improper insertion
is hazardous and could damage flash equipment.
e Batteries are sensitive to cold and performance
deteriorates temporarily at temperatures below
freezing. Carry spares in a warm pocket for working
in extreme cold.
Always keep batteries out of the reach of children
and never throw used batteries into a fire or expose
to excessive heat to guard against explosion.
41
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Type - Multi-mode, grip-mount thyristor electronic flash with TTL Auto, built-in sensor Auto, M (manual) a
| and MS (manual with auto synch). =
: Mounting Via accessory bracket to base of camera; bracket clamp permits forward/backward tilt of flash >
head 360° at 30° angles. E
; | Operating Modes TTL Auto: measures light at film plane with Pentax cameras having TTL flash provision: offers $
> integrated flash/non-flash exposure systems (IDM) with Pentax LX, 645, Super A and Super Program. 5
: Three-Level Auto: three aperture/flash range settings via built-in sensor M (Manual): standard Е
manual at four light intensity levels MS: “dedicated manual” at four light intensity levels. E
3 TTL Auto/Auto TTL Auto: 0.25—33mm {at ASA/ISO 100, £/22—f/1.2) Auto at Yellow: 0.45m--3.6m, at green: o
TW Flash Distance 0.65m—5m, at Red: 1.25m—10m. а
A
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Auto Apertures at £/11(Y), £/8(G), £/4(R); at ASA/ISO400: f/22(Y), f/16(G), f/8(R)
ASA/1SO 100
Auto Sensor Angle 20°
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3 Power Sources Standard: Battery Pack; attaches to base of grip, utilizes six AA=size alkaline or NiCad cells. :
: Optional: (1) TR Power Pack, transistorized utilizing six C-celis (2) Power Pack 510V utilizing =
: 510V faminated battery (3) AC Adaptor II for household current, four adjustable voltage &
4 settings. E
4 =
Guide Numbers {manual at four light intensity levels) Output FULL 1/4 1/6 1/125 =
ASA/1S0100, m 40 20 10 8 e:
ASA/ISO400,m | 80 40 20 16 :
43
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Power Source Battery Pack — TR Power Pack ~~ Power Pack 510V | AC Adaptor H
Alkaline . Alkaline . 510V
| Power Suppiy AA-size NiCad C-size NiCad Laminated AC current
Number of Flashes 70 45 210 150 300 Indefinite
Recycling times 11 sec. 9 sec. 7 sec. 6 sec. 2 sec.
* At FULL output manual. Faster recycle on auto depending upon flash distance and f-number
used. Recycling times and number of flashes also depend upon power source used and condition
of batteries (data based on new batteries only).
Flash Duration 1/1500 sec. at FULL Manual; 1/30,000 {shortest at Auto/TTL Auto)
Color Temperature Balanced for daylight
o яя . Flash Data/Switches ASA/1SO film speed scale with four settings, distance scale in feet and meters with color-coded
= Zr maximum indications for auto, six-way flash mode selector, auto check lamp, ready lamp/test
button, flash ON/OFF switch with EXT./INT. power settings, auto check ON/OFF switch,
Ext. power socket, 5-Pin synch terminal with lock, -15” angle lock release, PC synch terminal,
Synchronization/ Automatic synch at "X” with shutter dial set at “Automatic” for Pentax cameras with TTL/
Dedicated Flash dedicated flash provision, plus viewfinder flash ready/auto check indication (auto check not
Features provided for ME SUPER), Auto synch also with shutter dial at *X” for Pentax LX and “M” for
ME SUPER; synch with cameras without TTL dedicated flash provision as specified for camera.
44
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Bounce Flash Flash head tilts vertically at 45”, 65” and 90° click-stop settings {additional angles available by
tilting grip); rotates horizontally to right and left with 45” and 90” click-stop settings (grip also
rotates freely by loosening clamp. -15” vertical setting with lock release provided for close-ups.
Size 86mm{W) x 260mm(H}) x 92mm{D); 34” x 10” x 3,6”
Weight 7704 127 ozs.) without batteries.
Standard Accessories Battery Pack, Bracket, 4P Synch Cord B, Grip Bottom Cover, Case.
Optional Accessories AFW-2 Wide-Angle Adaptor for lenses down to 24mm; AFT-2 Tele Adaptor for lenses from
80mm—200mm, TR Power Pack, Power Pack 510V, AC Adaptor II, , 4P Synch Cord A, 4P
Synch Cord A-5m, 4P Synch Cord B-5m, 4P Synch Cord С.
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Asahi Optical Co., Lid. С.Р.О. 895, Tokyo 100-91, JAPAN
\ | Pentax Europe n.v. Weiveldlaan 3-5, 1930 Zaventem Zuid-7, BELGIUM
Pentax Handelsgesellschaft mbH Postiach 54 0169, 2000 Hamburg 54, WEST GERMANY
Pentax U.K. Limited Pentax House, South Hill Avenue, South Harrow, Middlesex HA2 OLT, U.K.
Pentax France S.A. Z.l. Argenteuil, 12, Rue Ambroise-Croizat, 95100 Argenteuil, FRANCE
Pentax (Schweiz) AG Industriestrasse 2, 8305 Dietlikon ZH, SWITZERLAND
Pentax Scandinavia AB Box 650, 5-751 27 Uppsala, SWEDEN
Pentax Nederland Spinveld 25, 4815 HR Breda, THE NETHERLANDS
Pentax Norge A.S. Cecilie Thoresens VEI, Lambertseter, 1101 Oslo 11, NORWAY
Pentax Corporation 35 Inverness Drive East, Englewood, Colorado 80112, U.S.A.
Pentax Canada Inc. 3131 Universal Drive, Missisauga, Ontario L4X 2ES, CANADA
Asahi Optical Brasileira Ind. e Com. Lida. Rua Capitäo Antonio Rosa 376, Sala 121 Ed. PBK, Sáo Paulo, BRASIL
58784 ENG Specifications are subject to change without notice. 5/88 Printed in Japan
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