Vision Screener User Instruction Manual

/ /

Vision Screener User Instruction Manual

©2006, TITMUS Optical, Inc.

Preface

This Instruction Manual was prepared by TITMUS Optical, Inc. for both fi rsttime and experienced users of the TITMUSi400/i250/i200 models of the vision screener. This manual provides basic instructions for both use and troubleshooting procedures. To ensure the safe operation of the TITMUSi400/i250/i200 Vision

Screener, the user should read the entire instruction manual before operation of the unit. Keep this manual for future reference.

For the Record

Please record, Serial Number and Purchase Date in space provided:

Serial No. ____________________ Date of Purchase: _________

Distributor______________________________

Phone________________________________

For questions

Please contact TITMUS at 800-446-1802 or your local distributor.

NOTE: Due to continual product innovation, specifi cations in this manual are subject to change without prior notifi cation.

Important Safety Instructions

Read all instructions before using this instrument. Save these instructions for future reference.

This manual contains important safety symbols and instructions. Please note these symbols and follow instructions.

This instrument is classifi ed as a Type B Equipment Electrical Hazard.

Prior to any maintenance being performed on this instrument (to include removing any screws), the instrument must be turned off and the power cord MUST be disconnected.

This symbol indicates that this should NOT be done or doing this may cause damage to the instrument.

This symbol indicates that product should not be disposed as general unsorted waste. Product should be sorted separately for collection as electrical and electronic equipment waste.

Table of Contents

4

Warranty & Technical Data

4

Introduction

4

TITMUSiSeries Comparison

4

Standard & Optional Accessories

4

Unpacking the Instrument

4

TITMUSi400 External Features — Front & Rear View

4

TITMUSi400 Membrane Panel Indicators & Operators

4

TITMUSi250/i200 External Features — Front & Rear View

4

TITMUSi250/i200 Membrane Switches

4

Preparation for Testing

4

Patient Positioning

4

Height Adjustment

4

Far Vision Testing

4

Near Vision Testing

4

Intermediate Vision Testing & Using Plus Lens

4

Peripheral Vision Testing

4

Instrument Transport

4

Cleaning & Maintenance

4

Replacing the Fuse

4

Changing Slides

4

Replacing Light Module

4

Electromagnetic Environment — Guidance

4

Glossary of Eye Care Terms

17

18

19

20

13

14

15

16

8

10

11

12

6

7

4

5

24

25

29

20

21

22

23

4

Warranty

The TITMUSi400/i250/i200 Vision Screener has a warranty for a period of three

(3) years, against defects in materials and workmanship, from date of purchase.

Warranty includes the light module.

Standards

The TITMUS Vision Screener meets the CE, UL, and CSA Standards.

Europe: EN 60601-1-2

USA:

Canada:

Emissions: Group 1, Class A

UL 2601-1, 1 st

Ed. Category 355

CSA-C22.2, No. 601.1-M90, Category 245

Class I Device, as per the Canadian Medical

Device Regulations.

Technical Data

Power Supply:

Fuse Rating:

Cords:

Illumination:

Dimensions:

Weight:

Temperature:

Humidity:

110-240 VAC, 0.4A-0.2A, 50/60 Hz

2 A, 250 V, Type – T (time delay)

1. Power cord, length 3 meters

Note: Customer must contact TITMUS to obtain

replacement cords or alternate voltage cords (240V).

2. Control panel cord, DIN connector, (TITMUS i400 only)

length 0.876 meters

As per ISO 8596 and ANSI Z80.21 Standards

W X L X H units

12.25 X 16.50 X 12.75 inches (closed condition)

31 X 42 X 32 cm (closed condition)

18 lbs / 8 kg

+50°F to +100°F (+10°C to +40°C)

30% to 75%

12.25” 16.5”

5

4

The Importance of Vision Screening

The eyes are a person’s windows to the world. Without good vision one can experience a sense of helplessness and may even suffer in other skills necessary for a full and functional lifestyle.

Utilizing the TITMUSiSeries vision screeners, you will quickly be capable of assessing whether a person’s vision is within the normal parameters. Visual abnormalities will be revealed, often motivating action for a referral for further visual examination and possibly a much-needed visual correction. Consequently, that person’s quality of life can be enhanced.

The vision screener is capable of testing functions not determined by the typical

“wall” or “eye” chart. Binocularity, muscle balance, color perception, acuity at near and far, color defi ciency, depth perception, and a myriad of other visual functions can be screened. The wall chart screens for acuity only, leaving many visual abnormalities unidentifi ed.

About the “TITMUS”

TITMUS set the standard for vision screening instruments in 1959 with the introduction of the OV7 model vision screener. Often referred to as the “TITMUS,” the older OV7 model as well as the later-generation TITMUS Model 2 are still in use in many industrial locations, optical practices, as well as schools nationwide.

The screeners are known for their durability.

As the market leader, TITMUS has developed the new TITMUSiSeries of vision screeners. Designed to meet the unique needs of the 21st century, the

TITMUSiSeries will be a welcome tool because of its convenience, accuracy, and versatility.

5

6

TITMUSiSeries

The TITMUSiSeries of vision screeners are ergonomically-designed, precision-built stereoscopic instruments providing precise and prompt measurement of visual performance. The screeners are engineered for accuracy, validity, and reliability of the test results, with emphasis on convenience and ease of administration.

The TITMUSiSeries consists of a variety of models.

TITMUSiSeries Model Comparison

Model Features i500 i400 i250 i200

Touch-Screen Control Panel with Software

Membrane Control Panel

Built-In Membrane Switches

Natural Line of Sight Testing

Ergonomics

(TitmusComfort ™ Height Adjustment)

New Fluorescent Light Source

Portability

Soft Foam Headrest

Head Positioning Sensor

Peripheral Vision Testing

Test Slide Advance/Reverse

Night Vision Testing

Carrying Case (soft-sided)

Standard Accessories

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

• automatic

• optional

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

• automatic

• optional

•

•

•

•

•

•

• manual optional

•

•

•

•

•

• manual optional

•

This manual covers the following models — TITMUSi400,

TITMUSi250 and TITMUSi200.

7

6

Standard Accessories

The following accessories are supplied with your TITMUS vision screener:

• Power cord

• Control panel cord (only with TITMUSi400)

• Vision Screener User Instruction Manual

• Slide Information Brochure (based on slide set purchased by you)

The last page has detachable Reference Cards for slide positions.

• Record Forms – 1 pad of 100 forms to record test results

• Eight (8) Test Slides (mounted on a drum inside the vision screener)

• Accessory Case with –

• 10 lens cleaning wipes

• 3 fog eliminator cloths

• Intermediate/plus lenses (optional)

• Dust Cover for instrument storage

Other standard accessories based on Slide Set:

• Occupational Job Standards Book

• Aeromedical

• Professional

32” Lens, 2 Prism Lenses

+1.75 Lens, Training Cards

• Pediatric

• School

• Preschool

+1.75 Lens, Training Cards

+1.75 Lens, Training Cards

+1.75 Lens, Training Cards

Optional Accessories

• Carrying Case – soft-sided with wheels, for easy transport of vision screener

• Intermediate Lens to test vision at following distances: 19, 22, 26, 32 and 40

inches (50, 57, 67, 80 and 100 cm)

• Plus Lens for testing children’s vision: +1.00, +1.50, +1.75 and +2.25.

7

8

Unpacking the Instrument

Your TITMUS vision screener may be supplied in a cardboard box or with an optional soft-sided carrying case. If supplied in a box, remove top foam and lift instrument out of the box by holding the sides. If supplied in a carrying case, follow these instructions to unpack the vision screener.

Open carrying case as shown and remove foam.

Lift handle as shown. Lock handle in upright position and lift instrument out of case.

Unlocking the Handle

Stand in front of the instrument.

Place hands as shown.

Use your forefi nger to pull the unlocking tabs towards you.

At the same time, use your thumbs to push the handle backwards.

9

8

Unlocking the Bottom Lock

Use one hand to pull the tab outward as shown. AT THE

SAME TIME, place your other hand under the lens housing and lift upwards.

Lift instrument slightly to remove panel. See tabs to mount panel back.

Remove Internal Packing Foam

(TITMUSi400 only)

LEFT See tabs (Left/Right) at the back of the instrument. Push tabs inwards. Lift top cover up.

Remove packing foam. Place top cover back on and ensure tabs snap back in place.

RIGHT

SAVE THIS FOAM PIECE if you will be moving the vision screener in a vehicle or shipping it. This MUST be used to prevent damage to the drum assembly during transport.

9

10

A

E

D

F

G

C

H

B

Patent Pending

I

J

L

K

Front View

A

4

Foldable handle for easy transport

B

4

Removable cover for access to slides and light source

C

4

Lever for far/near lenses

D

4

Slots for intermediate/plus lens

E

4

Comfortable foam headrest

F

4

Head sensor to detect correct positioning

G

4

Peripheral vision test lights

H

4

Vision screening at far (20’) and near (14”)

I

4

Handle unlock

J

4

Knob to raise and lower the instrument

K

4

Instrument unlock

L

4

Side pocket for storage

A

B

Po we r Sw itch

C

D

Fus e

Rear View

A

4

Membrane panel

B

4

Handle

C

4

Fuse

D

4

Power switch

11

10

B4

A4

I4

3H4

C4

D4

G4

D4

E4

F4

Membrane Panel

A

4

Light source condition

B

4

Peripheral vision screening

C

4

Day or night illumination condition

D

4

Slide advance/reverse

E

4

Slide position

F

4

Reset

G

4

Head position indicator/sensor deactivate

H

4

Occlude each eye, light indicates eye being tested

I

4

Test distance - near, intermediate or far

A If this indicator keeps fl ashing continuously, light module needs to be replaced.

Note: On start-up, this indicator fl ashes for approximately 1 minute then becomes steady - this

indicates that minimum illumination level is reached in order to start testing.

B For horizontal peripheral vision screening. Use the button with arrows to select left or right eye to be tested. Use the buttons with numbers - 85,70,55 and N to operate the lights at 85°,70°,55° and Nasal

(45°) for peripheral vision testing.

C Press button with the image of the sun for daylight vision testing. This is the default illumination level.

Press button with the image of the moon for night vision testing.

D Select “+” to advance to next slide, “-” to go back to previous slide.

E Number indicates the Test Number. Refer to your Slide Information Brochure for tests at each position.

F This will reset the instrument and all buttons on the membrane panel to the initial start-up condition of the instrument. Slide drum will reset to slide no. 1.

G Indicates if the head of patient is correctly positioned. If no indication, head is not correctly positioned.

Note: To override the head sensor, press the button, light on indicator will start fl ashing. This indicates

that the head sensor has been deactivated. Use ONLY if patient tends to move head causing the test slide

illumination to go ON/OFF. Override may be used with younger children who tend to squirm when testing.

H These buttons activate Occlude Shutters that occlude each eye (clicking sound). Indicator light ON indicates that the eye is being tested. If indicator light is OFF, eye is occluded. Left button is for Left

Eye, Right button is for the Right Eye.

I Indicates the test distance, NEAR (book), Intermediate (computer) or FAR (mountain).

11

12

A

E

F

D

G

C

H

B

Patent Pending

I

L

J

K

Front View

A

4

Foldable handle for easy transport

B

4

Removable cover for access to slides and light source

C

4

Lever for far/near lenses

D

4

Slots for intermediate/plus lens

E

4

Comfortable foam headrest

F

4

Peripheral vision test lights

G

4

Vision screening at far (20’) and near (14”)

H

4

Instrument unlock

I

4

Wheel to turn slide drum, indicates test position

J

4

Handle unlock

K

4

Knob to raise and lower the instrument

L

4

Membrane switches

A

B

Po we r Sw itch

Fuse

Rear View

A

4

Power switch

B

4

Fuse

13

12

B

A

Wh eel to turn slide

dru m

C

Membrane Switches

A

4

Membrane switches that occlude each eye by activating shutters (clicking sound).

Indicator light ON indicates that the eye is being tested. If indicator light is OFF, eye is

occluded. Left button is for Left Eye, Right button is for the Right Eye.

B

4

Membrane switches for peripheral vision screening. Use the button with arrows to select

left or right eye to be tested. Use the buttons with numbers – 85, 70, 55 and N to operate

the lights at 85

0

, 70

0

, 55

0

and Nasal (45

0

) for peripheral vision testing. To fl ash the lights,

press the button 3-4 times. NOT AVAILABLE on the TITMUSi200.

C

4

Wheel to turn slide drum, indicates test slide position

13

14

Preparation for Testing

1. Place the instrument on a table of conventional height with suffi cient top area to permit test administrator to manipulate controls and record results.

2. Unlock handle, bottom lock and raise instrument as indicated in section, Unpacking the Instrument.

3. Connect panel to instrument as shown using panel cord. Hold the connector with fl at side down, to plug into panel and instrument.

TITMUSi400 only

Panel cord, length

0.876 meters.

4. Connect power cord to instrument and turn switch ON.

Power cord (3pin length 3 meters).

5. Test all membrane switches to ensure proper operation.

6. Check lenses to ensure they are clean. Use cleaning towlettes or fog cloths (if lens are fogging).

7. Place record forms and other accessories near the instrument, ready for use.

8. Avoid positioning the instrument where strong glaring light will shine directly into the instrument or into the subject’s face.

9. The patient should be seated comfortably.

See section on Patient Positioning.

10. Raise the instrument for comfortable viewing, based on patient height. Move instrument up/down using BOTH knobs.

See section on Height Adjustment.

11. Ensure lever is in FAR position.

Lever should point to mountain icon.

15

14

12. TITMUSi400 only - Turn knob to ensure drum assembly is in FAR position (looking straight ahead). White dot on the knob should match with the purple dot on the label of the knob.

See section, Far/Near Vision Testing.

White dot on the knob should match purple dot on label.

13. Follow the Slide Information Brochure and Record Form provided with specifi c models for test sequencing and recording.

Patient Positioning

Patient must be comfortably seated or standing. Ensure forehead is placed on headrest. Ensure that back is straight and neck is not tilted backwards. Do not let patient continue looking at slide after test is fi nished. Proceed to next test.

Correct patient position.

Incorrect patient position.

Back is not straight

Neck is tilted.

Forehead not placed on headrest.

15

16

Height Adjustment

The TITMUSComfort™ height adjustment is designed for patient comfort. The TITMUSi400/i250/i200 can be adjusted to fi t children and adults of varying heights in a standing or seated position. This is essential for accurate testing.

The instrument height can be adjusted by the operator or the patient.

To raise/lower the instrument – USE BOTH HANDS on knobs and move upwards/downwards. DO NOT try to use one knob to raise/lower the instrument – this will create a twisting motion and possibly damage the instrument.

17

16

Operating the Far/Near Lever

1. Operator is seated on the right or left of the instrument.

2. To move the lever from FAR to NEAR and back, pull the lever to move

towards you and push it to move away from you. Ensure that lever is

pushed completely to the end.

Ensure that lever is pushed completely to the end.

Far Vision Testing (20ft/6m)

1. Lever in FAR position, indicated by the “Mountain” Icon, test distance

of 20 feet.

2. Lens assembly should be in FAR position (looking straight ahead).

3. TITMUSi400 only - White dot on the knob should match

with the purple dot on the label of the knob.

17

18

Near Vision Test (14in/35cm) - Natural Line-of-Sight

Lever in NEAR position, indicated by the “Book” Icon, test distance of 14 inches.

TITMUSi400 Only

STEP 1: By turning the knob, a progressive lens wearer can be tested at the optimal lineof-sight for testing

(looking downwards).

STEP 2: Rotate knobs downwards on side of instrument using BOTH hands to adjust for the best line-of-sight.

STEP 3: Stop at a point where the images can be seen most clearly by the

patient. This applies especially for patients who wear bifocals, multifocals or progressive lenses.

TITMUSi250/i200 Only

Natural line-of-sight testing feature is not available.

The knobs DO NOT turn. DO NOT try to turn the knobs as this will damage the instrument.

Near vision testing for patients who wear bifocals or progressive lenses:

Ask patient to use thumbs to raise glasses until he/she is viewing the slide through the proper part of his/her lens for reading.

Ask the patient to place hands on the instrument as shown.

Ensure that the patient is comfortable.

To Return Back to Far Vision Testing

1. TITMUSi400 ONLY – Turn knob so that the white dot on the knob matches with the

purple dot on the label of the knob. Use BOTH HANDS to turn the knobs.

2. Move lever from NEAR to FAR.

19

18

Intermediate Vision Testing

Ensure lever is in

FAR position. Place plus lens in the holder. Perform test. REMOVE lens upon completion of test.

Do not turn the knob while the lens is in the instrument.

Using Plus Lens

The plus lens must be inserted in the slot with the label facing the front of the instrument.

See above images.

• The Plus Lens, +1.75, is used with the Acuity test for children. Other plus lenses

are also available as optional accessories.

• Standard testing procedure requires that acuity test is administered fi rst. If child

demonstrates poor visual acuity (20/40), it is unnecessary to administer the

Plus Lens Test. If the child demonstrates 20/30 or 20/20, administer the Plus

Lens Test.

• Children with normal vision will be unable to read the 20/20 line through the Plus

Lens. If a child can read the 20/20 line through the Plus Lens, then result is

FAIL. Blurred vision through Plus Lens is normal, clear distance vision is abnormal

and can indicate excessive farsightedness. This test is very important for school

age children.

19

20

Peripheral Vision Testing

Refer to the sections TITMUSi400 Membrane Panel and the TITMUSi250 – Membrane

Switches, for location of peripheral vision testing membrane switches.

1. When the instrument is switched ON, the LEFT EYE light will come on fi rst. On

the button with arrows, light next to LEFT arrow will be lit.

2. The LEFT EYE can now be tested for Horizontal Peripheral Vision.

3. Press 85, 70, 55 to operate the lights at 85 0 , 70 0 , 55 0 in the Temporal fi eld.

4. Press N to operate the light at 45

0

in the Nasal fi eld.

5. Press the button with arrows to test RIGHT EYE for Horizontal Peripheral Vision

test. The light next to RIGHT arrow will be lit, light next to LEFT arrow will go off.

6. Repeat the process with the 85, 70, 55 and N for the RIGHT EYE.

Instrument Transport

Follow directions in section Unpacking the Instrument in reverse.

• Disconnect the power cord.

• Disconnect membrane panel and store it at the back of the instrument.

• Ensure the bottom lock is engaged.

Instrument transport.

Instrument transport in case

21

20

Cleaning the Instrument

• See accessory case provided with the instrument. Lens cleaning

towlettes are supplied for cleaning the viewing lenses. Fog

cloths are supplied to prevent the viewing lenses from fogging.

• Soft foam headrest may be repeatedly cleaned using a

disinfectant solution. This practice is recommended between

the testing of each subject.

• The exterior of the instrument may be easily cleaned with a

soft cloth dampened in a mild solution of soap and water.

• Test Slides are in a completely enclosed module, hence

cleaning is rarely required. If required, slides may be cleaned

utilizing a household-type glass cleaner. Remove slides before

cleaning. Do not use abrasives as they will damage the slide.

Do not immerse slide in cleaning solution. Dampen soft cloth

with solution and gently wipe clean. Dry the slides with a soft

cloth or tissue.

Dust Cover

Use dust cover to protect the instrument and prevent dust accumulation when not in use.

21

22

Replacing the Fuse

FIRST UNPLUG THE INSTRUMENT.

• Tool required: Flat head screwdriver.

• A safety feature on the fuse holder will disconnect the power if instrument

is inadvertently left plugged in. Follow the steps in reverse to assemble.

Unplug instrument.

Use screwdriver to snap open the tab on the power module.

Use screwdriver to remove the fuse assembly by pulling it outwards.

Replace both fuses.

23

22

Changing Slides

FIRST UNPLUG THE INSTRUMENT.

• Tool required: Phillips and Flathead screwdriver.

STEP 1:

Remove top cover by moving tabs at the back.

STEP 2:

Disconnect connector on the top of the slide drum assembly.

Remove the two rear thumbscrews with fl athead screwdriver.

Locate front screw near handle unlocking tab on left. Remove with

Phillips screwdriver.

STEP 3:

Lift the slide drum assembly by tilting it upwards, so that the lip on the front is disengaged.

STEP 4:

Disconnect connector on side of drum by pushing on tab in middle of connector and pulling it outwards. Separate the drum from the instrument.

23

24

Changing Slides Cont.

STEP 5:

Roll the rubber ring at the center of the drum to the side.

STEP 6:

Pull on the tab towards the gear side of the drum. This will cause the slide to pop up from one side.

Remove and replace with new slide.

• Insert new slide with the arrow pointing in the direction of the other slides

in the drum. Securely place into slide frame, slide will snap into place.

• Follow instructions in reverse to assemble drum back.

Replacing Light Module

FIRST UNPLUG THE INSTRUMENT.

• Tool required: Phillips and Flathead screwdriver

Light module has a life expectancy exceeding 10,000 hours.

To replace, follow steps mentioned below.

Follow steps 1-4 as mentioned in the Changing Slides section.

Remove the four screws on the lamp assembly. Pull lamp assembly out.

Replace with new lamp assembly.

25

24

Electromagnetic Environment – Guidance

This section applies to the following models — TITMUSi400,

TITMUSi250 and TITMUSi200.

Medical Electrical Equipment needs special precautions regarding Electromagnetic

Emissions and Immunity and needs to be installed and put into service according to the Electromagnetic Emissions and Immunity information provided in this document.

Portable and mobile RF communications equipment can affect Medical

Electrical Equipment.

Equipment should not be used adjacent to or stacked with other equipment and if adjacent or stacked use is necessary, the Equipment should be observed to verify normal operation in the confi guration in which it will be used.

Guidance and Manufacturer’s Declaration - Electromagnetic Emissions

The TITMUSi400/i250/i200 is intended for the use in the electromagnetic environment specifi ed below. The customer or the user of the TITMUSi400/i250/ i200 should ensure that it is used in such an environment.

Use of cables, other than those specifi ed in this manual, may result in increased

Emissions or decreased Immunity of the TITMUSi400/i250/i200.

Emissions Test

RF emissions

CISPR 11

Compliance

Group 1

Electromagnetic environment -guidance

The TITMUSi400/i250/i200 uses RF energy only for its internal function. Therefore, its RF emissions are very low and are not likely to cause any interference in nearby electronic equipment.

RF emissions

CISPR 11

Class A The TITMUSi400/i250/i200 is suitable for use in all establishments other than domestic and those directly connected to the public low-voltage power supply network that supplies buildings used for domestic purposes.

Harmonic Emissions

IEC 61000-3-2

Class A

Voltage fl uctuations/fl icker emissions

IEC 61000-3-3

Complies

25

26

Guidance & Manufacturer’s Declaration - Electromagnetic Immunity.

The TITMUSi400/i250/i200 is intended for the use in the electromagnetic environment specifi ed below. The customer/user of the TITMUSi400/i250/i200 should ensure that it is used in such an environment.

Immunity

Test

Electrostatic discharge

(ESD)

IEC 61000-

4-2

IEC 60601 test level

± 6 kV contact

± 8 kV air

Compliance level

± 6 kV contact

± 8 kV air

Electromagnetic environment

-guidance

Floors should be wood, concrete or ceramic tile. If fl oors are covered with synthetic material, the relative humidity should be at least 30%.

Electrical fast transient/ burst

IEC 61000-

4-4

± 2 kV for power supply lines

± 1 kV for input/output lines

± 2 kV for power supply lines

± 1 kV for input/output lines

Main power quality should be that of a typical commercial or hospital environment.

Surge

IEC 61000-

4-5

Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations on power supply input lines

IEC 61000-

4-11

± 1 kV line(s) to line(s)

± 2 kV line(s) to earth

<5 % U

T

(>95 % dip in U

T

) for 0,5 cycle

40 % U

T

(60 % dip in U

T

) for 5 cycles

70 % U

T

(30 % dip in U

T

) for 25 cycles

<5 % U

T

(>95 % dip in U

T

) for 5 sec

± 1 kV line(s) to line(s)

± 2 kV line(s) to earth

<5 % U

T

(>95 % dip in U

T

) for 0,5 cycle

40 % U

T

(60 % dip in U

T

) for 5 cycles

70 % U

T

(30 % dip in U

T

) for 25 cycles

<5 % U

T

(>95 % dip in U

T

) for 5 sec

Main power quality should be that of a typical commercial or hospital environment.

Main power quality should be that of a typical commercial or hospital environment. If the user of the TITMUSi400/i250/i200 requires continued operation during power main interruptions, it is recommended that the

TITMUSi400/i250/i200 be powered from an uninterruptible power supply or a battery.

Power frequency

(50/60 Hz) magnetic fi eld

IEC 61000-

4-8

3 A/m 3 A/m Power frequency magnetic fi elds should be at levels characteristic of a typical location in a commercial or hospital environment.

Note: U

T

is the a.c. mains voltage prior to application of the test level.

27

26

Guidance & Manufacturer’s Declaration - Electromagnetic Immunity.

The TITMUSi400/i250/i200 is intended for the use in the electromagnetic environment specifi ed below. The customer/user of the TITMUSi400/i250/i200 should ensure that it is used in such an environment.

Immunity

Test

Conducted

RF IEC

61000-

4-6

IEC 60601 test level

3 Vrms

150 kHz to

80 MHz

Compliance level

Electromagnetic environment

-guidance

3 V Portable and mobile RF communications equipment should be used no closer to any part of the TITMUSi400/i250/i200, including cables, than the recommended separation distance calculated from the equation applicable to the frequency of the transmitter.

Recommended separation distance d = 1,17 * P 1/2

Radiated

RF

IEC

61000-

4-3

3 V/m

80 MHz to

2,5 GHz

3V/m d = 1,17 * P 1/2 , 80 MHz to 800 MHz d = 2,33 * P

1/2

, 800 MHz to 2,5 GHz

Where P is the maximum output power rating of the transmitter in watts (W) according to the transmitter manufacturer and ‘d’ is the separation distance in meters (m).

Field strengths from fi xed RF transmitters, as determined by an electromagnetic site survey, a should be less than the compliance level in each frequency range.

b

Interference may occur in the vicinity of equipment marked with the following symbol:

Note: 1 — At 80 MHz and 800 MHz, the higher frequency range applies.

Note: 2 — These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic propagation is affected by absorption and refl ection from structures,objects and people.

a

Field strengths from fi xed transmitters, such as base stations for radio (cellular/cordless) telephones and land mobile radios, amateur radio, AM and FM radio broadcast and TV broadcast cannot be predicted theoretically with accuracy. To assess the electromagnetic environment due to fi xed RF transmitters, an electromagnetic site survey should be considered. If the measured fi eld strength in the location in which the TITMUSi400/i250/i200 is used exceeds the applicable

RF compliance level above, the TITMUSi400/i250/i200 should be observed to verify normal operation. If abnormal performance is observed, traditional measures may be necessary such as reorienting or relocating the TITMUSi400/i250/i200. b

Over the frequency range 150kHz to 80MHz, fi eld strengths should be less than 3V/m.

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1

10

0,01

0,1

100

Recommended Separation Distance Between Portable & Mobile RF

Communications Equipment and the TITMUSi400/i250/i200

The TITMUSi400/i250/i200 is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment in which radiated RF disturbances are controlled. The customer or the user of the TITMUSi400/i250/i200 can help prevent electromagnetic interference by maintaining a minimum distance between portable and mobile RF communication equipment (transmitters) and the TITMUSi400/i250/i200 as recommended below, according to the maximum output power of the communications equipment.

Rated maximum output power of transmitter W

Separation distance according to frequency of transmitter M

150 kHz to 80 MHz d = 1,17 * P

1/2

80 MHz to 800 MHz d = 1,17 * P 1/2

800 MHz to 2,5 GHz d = 2,33 * P 1/2

0,12

0,37

1,17

3,70

11,70

0,12

0,37

1,17

3,70

11,70

0,23

0,74

2,33

7,37

23,30

For transmitters rated at a maximum output power not listed above, the recommended separation distance in meters (m) can be estimated using the equation applicable to the frequency of the transmitter, where P is the maximum output power rating of the transmitter in watts (W) according to the transmitter manufacturer.

NOTE 1 — At 80 MHz and 800 MHz, the higher frequency range applies.

NOTE 2 — These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic propagation is affected by absorption and refl ection from structures, objects and people.

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A

Accommodation – eye’s ability to automatically change focus from seeing at one distance to seeing at another.

Achromatic – being colorless or without color.

Amblyopia – the loss of vision without any apparent cause. Also known as “lazy eye.”

Aphakia – the absence of the crystalline lens either at birth or after surgery.

Astigmatism – condition in which the cornea’s curvature is asymmetrical (the eye is shaped like a football or egg instead of a baseball).

Light rays are focused at two points on the retina rather than one, resulting in blurred vision. Additional symptoms include distorted vision, eyestrain, shadows on letters, squinting and double vision.

B

Bifocals – two powers in one lens, usually for near and distance correction.

Binocular vision – coordinated use of the two eyes.

C

Cataract – cloudiness or opacity of the crystalline lens, preventing clear vision, often caused by aging.

Color defi ciency – inability to recognize certain colors, specifi cally shades of red and green. Often referred to as “color blindness” and is usually hereditary.

Contact Lens – thin shell of plastic which rests directly on the tear fi lm of the cornea and corrects refractive error.

Convergence – eyes’ ability to turn inward.

People with convergence insuffi ciency have trouble (eyestrain, blurred vision, etc.) with near tasks such as reading.

Cornea – the clear part of the eye covering the iris and pupil; it lets light into the eye, permitting sight.

Crossed eyes – see esotropia.

Crystalline lens – the transparent lens of the eye that brings rays of light into focus on the retina.

D

Dark adaptation – increase in the sensitivity of the eye to detect light in the darkness or dim light.

Depth perception – the ability to distinguish the relative distance of objects in visual space.

Diopter – often written as “D.” The unit of measure of lens power. A lens having one diopter of refractive power will bring parallel rays of light to focus at a distance of one meter.

Diplopia – also known as double vision; the perception of two images yet being only one object.

Distance vision – the ability to see objects clearly at 20 ft. to infi nity.

Divergence – the slight turning out to adjust the eyes to a distant object.

E

Emmetropia – the normal refractive condition of the eye in which there is clear focus of light on the retina.

Esophoria – a muscle condition in which both eyes are open and each eye looks directly at a target, but, when covering one eye, the covered eye turns inwards.

Esotropia – “crossed eyes,” a tendency of the eye to turn inward toward the nose, when both eyes are open.

Exophoria – a muscle condition in which both eyes are open and each eye looks directly at a target, but, when covering one eye, the covered eye turns outwards.

Exotropia – “wall eyes,” this is a tendency of the eye to turn outward, away from the nose, when both eyes are open.

F

Far – distance vision.

Farsightedness – see hyperopia.

Field of vision – the entire area which can be seen at one time without shifting the head or the eyes

Fixation – directing the eye so the image centers on the fovea.

Fovea – area of clearest vision on the retina.

Fusion – coordination of the images seen by

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G

Glare – bright light which causes discomfort and loss of vision.

Glaucoma – condition caused by increased intraocular pressure which damages the optic nerve.

H

Heterophoria – a squint due to a weak muscle.

Hyperopia – also called farsightedness.

Condition in which the length of the eye is too short, causing light rays to focus behind the retina rather than on it, resulting in blurred near vision. Additional symptoms include eyestrain and squinting.

Hyperphoria – a tendency for one eye to deviate upward.

Hypophoria – one eye in the line of sight depressed relative to the other eye.

I

Intermediate vision — the area of vision between 20 and 40 inches.

Iris – the pigmented area behind the cornea that gives color to the eye (e.g., blue eyes).

The cornea controls the amount of light entering the eye by changing the size of the pupil.

L

Lateral Phoria – a Muscle Balance Test to defi ne a value for the balance of the eyes, in the horizontal direction, that identifi es

Esophoria, Exophoria, and Orthophoria.

Lazy eye – see amblyopia.

Legal blindness – the best-corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or less.

Lens – 1. the nearly spherical body in the eye, located behind the cornea that focuses light rays onto the retina. 2. a device used to focus light into the eye in order to magnify or minimizes images, or otherwise correct visual problems. Eyeglass lenses, contact lenses, and intraocular lenses are some examples.

M

Macula – part of the eye near the middle of the retina; the macula allows us to see objects with great detail.

Malingering – the intentional production of false symptoms to achieve fi nancial or other gains; for example pretending to have loss of vision to avoid military duty.

Monocular – vision with only one eye.

Muscle balance – the coordination of muscles allowing the two eyes to work together.

Myopia – also called nearsightedness.

Condition in which the length of the eye is too long, causing light rays to focus in front of the retina rather than on it, resulting in blurred distance vision. Additional symptoms include eyestrain, poor night vision or squinting.

N

Near – vision at 14 to 16 inches.

Nearsightedness – see myopia.

O

Occlusion – obstruction or “shutting” of vision from one or both eyes.

Ophthalmologist – a Medical Doctor (M.D.) who specializes in the eye. Ophthalmologists perform eye exams, treat disease, prescribe medication, and perform surgery. They may also write prescriptions for eyeglasses and contact lenses.

Optician – opticians are not doctors, but in some states they must complete training and be licensed. And in some states they can become certifi ed, after special training, to fi t contact lenses. Most opticians sell and fi t eyeglasses, sunglasses, and specialty eyewear that are made to an optometrist’s or ophthalmologist’s prescription. Many also have equipment on the premises so they can grind lenses and put them in frames without ordering from a lab.

Optometrist – doctors of optometry (O.D.s) examine eyes for both vision and health problems, prescribe glasses, and fi t contact lenses. They can prescribe many ophthalmic medications and may participate in your pre- and postoperative care if you have eye surgery. O.D.s must complete four years of post-graduate optometry school for their doctorate.

Orthophoria – ideal condition of muscle balance (balanced eyes).

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P

Perimetry – charting the eye’s fi eld of vision, often using light fl ashed at various locations from the outside peripheral plane to the nasal area.

Peripheral vision – ability to perceive objects outside of the direct line of vision.

Presbyopia – loss of accommodation due to aging (usually after age 40), causing diffi culty focusing on near objects. This is caused by the loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens.

Prism – a wedge-shaped piece of glass that can bend rays of light toward its base.

Progressive lens – an eyeglass lens that incorporates both the distance and near vision correction into one lens without a line.

Pupil – the opening in the center of the iris that changes size to regulate the amount of light that enters the eye.

R

Refraction – the bending of the rays of light. Sometimes used to refer to an eye examination that determines the best corrective lenses for good vision.

Retina – the multi-layered sensory tissue, lining the back of the eye, that captures and converts light rays into electrical impulses and sends them to the brain where they are converted into images.

S

Snellen chart – a chart, often hung on a wall at a distance of 20 ft. from the subject, used for evaluating visual acuity. Symbols or letters and numbers should be legible if eyes are normal.

Strabismus – a manifestation of a muscle imbalance. Eyes that turn inward or outward.

Stereopsis – depth perception; ability to see binocularly (two-eyed).

Suppression – the blocking of vision of one eye without apparent structural or physical cause.

T

Tonometry – is used to detect glaucoma by measuring of the pressure inside (intraocular) the eye.

Trifocal – corrective lens that incorporates three different lens powers, usually for near, intermediate, and distance vision correction.

20/20 – many eye care practitioners consider this the average visual acuity for human beings, but humans can see 20/15 or even

20/10. People with 20/40 vision can see clearly at 20 feet what people with 20/20 vision can see clearly at 40 feet. In the

United States, 20/40 is the lowest uncorrected acuity required to obtain a driver’s license.

V

Vertical Phoria – a Muscle Balance Test to defi ne a value for the balance of the eyes in the vertical direction. This identifi es a tendency of Hyperphoria (one eye in the line of sight elevated relative to the other eye)

Vision – the ability to see and to interpret what is seen.

Visual acuity — the sharpness of vision of an eye.

Visual fi eld – the full scope of the area that the eye can see while looking straight ahead.

W

Wall eyes - see exotropia.

Many terms in this glossary are used with permission by www.allaboutvision.com.

Visit website for additional eye care terms.

For additional eye care terms see the following glossaries and web sites:

Dictionary of Eye Terminology by

Triad Publishing Company

P.O. Box 13355,

Gainesville, Florida 32604 www.triadpublishing.com

OPTOMETRISTS NETWORK http://www.children-special-needs.org/ http://www.strabismus.org/miscellaneous.html

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An ISO 9001: 2000 Company

3811 Corporate Drive, Petersburg, VA 23805, Tel: 800-446-1802, Fax: 804-861-3957

Email: [email protected], Web: www.titmusiseries.com

Item# 18239 / Rev.09.06.PS