Farymann Diesel 15W Series Repair manual

DIESEL ENGINES : 15 / 18 / 32W
-1-
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
GENERAL INFORMATION, HANDLING
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
2.
ORGANISATION AND USE OF THIS REPAIR MANUAL .............................................................................5
SERVICE .................................................................................................................................................5
AFTER SALES - SERVICE: FALKE - SPARE PARTS PROGRAM ..............................................................5
ENGINE, MODEL AND TYPE DESIGNATION ...........................................................................................6
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS..........................................................................................................................7
TECHNICAL DATA
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
3.
5
9
CONSTRUCTION DATA, CONSUMPTIONS AND PRESSURES ..................................................................10
CONSTRUCTION DATA, CONSUMPTIONS AND PRESSURES ..................................................................11
OUTPUT, TORQUE, CONSUMPTION ......................................................................................................12
OUTPUT, TORQUE, CONSUMPTION ......................................................................................................13
SCREWS - TIGHTENING TORQUES, SEALING AND ADHESIVE MATERIALS ..........................................15
TOOLS ..................................................................................................................................................16
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................................19
APPLICATIONS .....................................................................................................................................19
DISMANTLING AND ASSEMBLY PROCEDURES ON THE BASIC ENGINE
20
3.1 BASIC REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................................20
3.2 DISMANTLING PROCEDURES ......................................................................................................21
4.
MEASUREMENT TABLE- WEARING PARTS
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
32
CRANKCASE.....................................................................................................................................32
CRANKSHAFT ..................................................................................................................................33
CAMSHAFT .......................................................................................................................................34
GEAR COVER....................................................................................................................................35
SHAFTS, BEARINGS ........................................................................................................................36
CONNECTING ROD..........................................................................................................................37
CYLINDER LINER ............................................................................................................................38
PISTON 15/18W .................................................................................................................................39
PISTON 32W ......................................................................................................................................40
CYLINDER HEAD 15/18W...........................................................................................................41
CYLINDER HEAD 32W................................................................................................................42
5.
ENGINE REASSEMBLY
43
6.
TEST RUN, ADJUSTMENTS, CHECKS
56
7.
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
66
7.1 FLYWHEEL – DYNAMO / REGULATOR .................................................................................................66
7.2 FUNCTION TESTS: ................................................................................................................................66
7.3 HAZARDS / CAUSES OF FAILURE .........................................................................................................67
7.4 12 V FLYWHEEL – DYNAMO / REGULATOR, GRAPHS ........................................................................68
7.5 WIRING DIAGRAMS........................................................................................................................69
7.5.1
DIAGRAM 1 .................................................................................................................................69
7.5.2
DIAGRAM 2 ..............................................................................................................................71
7.5.3
DIAGRAM 3 ..............................................................................................................................72
7.5.4
DIAGRAM 4 ..............................................................................................................................73
7.5.5
DIAGRAM 5 ..............................................................................................................................74
8.
TROUBLESHOOTING
75
8.1 ENGINE WILL NOT START .....................................................................................................................75
-2-
TABLE OF CONTENTS
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
ENGINE STARTS BUT FIRES INTERMITTENTLY OR DIES ........................................................................76
POOR ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND / OR BLACK SMOKE.......................................................................76
POOR ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND/OR BLACK SMOKE ........................................................................77
IMPERFECT OPERATING BEHAVIOUR ...................................................................................................77
-3-
PREFACE
We congratulate you on your choice of a FARYMANN engine and wish you much pleasure
with this German quality product.
These operating instructions are based on the latest state of technical development. In
preparing them, every effort has been made to avoid errors. However, we accept no liability for any errors of presentation or description, nor for any omissions. Modifications may
also occur because of ongoing technical developments. We reserve the right to make
modifications without giving prior notice.
Everyone responsible for the installation, commissioning, operation, maintenance or repair
of the engines must read and follow the operating instructions and particularly the "Safety"
chapter.
The engine is built according to the state-of-the-art, and in compliance with recognised
safety regulations. Nevertheless, while the engine is in use, there may be physical or
mortal dangers to the user or to third parties, and also damage to the engine and to other
property. For these reasons, the engine must only be used when it is in perfect technical
condition, and when those involved are aware of the dangers and the safety precautions.
In particular, malfunctions which could impair safety must be rectified immediately. The
engine must only be used as intended. FARYMANN DIESEL GmbH is not responsible for
damage resulting from incorrect use. Such risk is borne solely by the user.
Correct use also includes following the operating instructions and adhering to the operating, servicing and maintenance conditions. The engine must only be operated and serviced by reliable, trained personnel in compliance with the relevant accident prevention
regulations as well as other generally-recognised rules of safety and occupational health.
FARYMANN DIESEL GmbH accepts no liability for any damage resulting from unauthorised conversions or modifications to the engine. Replacement parts must meet the technical requirements specified by FARYMANN DIESEL GmbH. This is always guaranteed if
original replacement parts are used. Fitting and/or using parts and accessories not supplied by FARYMANN DIESEL GmbH may have a detrimental effect on your engine under
certain circumstances.
FARYMANN DIESEL GmbH accepts no liability whatsoever for any damage resulting
from the use of non-original replacement parts or accessories.
-4-
GENERAL INFORMATION
1.
General Information, Handling
FARYMANN DIESEL engines type 15/18/32W are 4 stroke, direct injection diesel engines.
They are built as single cylinder engines vertical cylinder configuration. The direct injection
guarantees an outstanding level of efficiency, with low fuel consumption and excellent cold
starting behaviour. Bosch fuel injection equipment is used on all engines. A high-precision
centrifugal governor ensures accurate speed (RPMs) and load control.
Special modified water-cooled Farymann engines fulfill BSO I/II and EPA – requirements.
1.3
Organisation and Use of this Repair Manual
The descriptions, data and illustrations refer to those assembly and adjustment procedures
where FARYMANN engines differ from ordinary diesel engines.
− It is assumed that all work on the engine will be carried out by competent staff who have
received training.
− Special tools must be available, as described in the manual, together with good-quality
standard tools.
1.4
Service
− If you have any further questions about the Repair Manual, we recommend you to
contact your nearest FARYMANN Service Centre.
− Circular letters and training courses ensure that our service personnel have an answer
to every question. Please ask for a list of all our service locations from your own
FARYMANN Service Centre.
1.5
After Sales - Service: FALKE - Spare Parts Program
"Service, Quality and Progress"
is our motto. This is why we have developed our very own computer-aided "FALKE"
Service System.
The FALKE System makes it possible for FARYMANN’s world-wide network of distributors
to satisfy all spare parts and service requirements quickly and reliably, ensuring
that we maintain a close relationship with our customers.
-5-
GENERAL INFORMATION
1.6
Engine, Model and Type Designation
Every engine can be unmistakably identified using the manufacturer’s nameplate. As well
as the clearly defined 12-digit code number, this refers to the order number (SN) and the
date of construction. This information must always be provided when making any enquiries
or complaints, etc.
As of July 1985, the consecutive engine number is also imprinted on the crankcase.
As of July 1982, the type designation (a 12-digit code number) is used in addition to the
series number (SN = Order Number). (See manufacturer’s nameplate).
e.g.
18W430.0138 M5
98 06 06
Date of Production
-6-
GENERAL INFORMATION
1.7
Safety Instructions
Only use transport devices specified by the manufacturer, and only follow
hoisting instructions specified by the manufacturer.
When handling fuels, lubricants and other chemical substances, follow the
safety regulations which apply to the product.
Do not smoke when handling inflammable fuels or lubricants.
Vapours from lubricating oil or fuel may catch fire if they come into contact
with sources of ignition.
Be careful when handling hot or corrosive fuels, lubricants or other substances (risk of burning or scalding).
Never carry out maintenance and repair work when the engine is running.
Ensure that the engine cannot start unintentionally.
Before turning the engine over, make sure that nobody is in the danger
area. When you have finished working on the engine, always check that
the safety devices have been refitted, and that all tools have been removed
from the engine.
Never carry out any work on safety valves (e.g. modification of the spring
tension). Defective safety valves must be replaced with new ones.
When disposing of used fuels, lubricants and filters, follow the regulations
which apply locally.
Before or when you start the engine, check:
− all lines, hoses and screwed connections for leaks;
− safety devices for completeness and ability to operate.
When starting the engine by hand, only use the starting device specified by
the manufacturer (starting handle with kick back limiter, recoil starting) and
follow the handling instructions.
Never use cold starting aids based on ethyl oxide.
Because of the explosion hazard, it is forbidden to start up a compressedair start engine with combustible gases (fuel gases) or oxygen, even in an
emergency.
-7-
GENERAL INFORMATION
1.5
Safety Instructions
Only operate IC engines in enclosed areas if there is adequate ventilation.
Before you start the engine in an enclosed environment, make sure that
there is sufficient ventilation.
Ensure that the engine only slows down to full stop after 10 - 20 seconds!
If there are any safety devices on the engine, or on the machine into which
the engine is built, they must be refitted when the maintenance and repair
work has been finished.
Before starting any work on the electrical components, the power supply to
all live parts must be cut off.
Only carry out maintenance and repair work when the engine parts are in a
stable position.
Liquids ejected under high pressure (such as fuels or oils) may penetrate
the skin and cause severe injuries.
To carry out cleaning work on the engine, always use a non-combustible
detergent, or one which has a flash point of more than 65 °C.
CALIFORNIA
Proposition 65 Warning
Diesel engine exhaust and some of its
constituents are known to the State of
California to cause cancer, birth defects, and other reproductive harm.
-8-
TECHNICAL DATA
2.
Technical Data
Engine Type
Design
Number of Cylinders
Bore
Stroke
Cubic capacity (piston displacement)
Direction of rotation (looking at power takeoff side)
Max. power / 3000 RPM
F (DIN 70020)
IFN-ISO (DIN 6271)
ICFN-ISO (DIN 6271)
Max. torque
(DIN 70020)
Max. speed
Mean piston speed at 3000 RPM
Compression ratio
Valve clearance, exhaust valve
intake valve
Tank capacity
Lubricating oil volume (sump capacity)
Lubricating oil consumption
Starter motor
rated voltage
Battery capacity required
Weight
Cooling water requirement
Permissible tilt during operation :
Longitudinal
Lateral
15W
75 mm
55 mm
242 cm3
4,76 kW
4,33 kW
3,90 kW
14,4 Nm
at 2400 RPM
5,5 m/s
1 : 20
--1,0 l
37 kg
18W
verticall
1
82 mm
55 mm
290 cm3
anti clockwise
5,70 kW
5,20 kW
4,70 kW
16,7 Nm
at 2400 RPM
3600 RPM
5,5 m/s
1 : 19,1 – 22,6
0,2 mm
0,2 mm
--1,0 l
1,0 g/kWh
12 V
55Ah
37 kg
7 – 8 l/min
15 °
15 °
-9-
32W
95 mm
74 mm
524 cm3
9,74 kW
8,85 kW
8,00 kW
30,2 Nm
at 2400 RPM
7,4 m/s
1 : 20
--1,6 l
75 kg
TECHNICAL DATA
2.1
Construction Data, Consumptions and Pressures
Technical Data
Engine Type
15W
Table 1
18W
32W
Construction data
dimension
System
*
four stroke
Combustion Procedure
*
direct injection
Cooling System
*
Water-cooled
Design / Configuration
*
1-cylinder / vertical
Bore
(mm)
75
82
95
Stroke
(mm)
55
55
74
Displacement
(cm3)
242
290
524
Compression Ratio
*
1 : 20,0
1 : 19.1 - 1 : 22,6
1 : 20,0
Temperatures
dimension
Permissible air intake
temperature (max.)
Permissible exhaust
gas temperature (max)
Permissible cooling air
temperature (max.)
Permissible fuel
temperature (max.)
Permissible lub. oil
temperature (max.)
(°C)
50
(°C)
580
(°C)
50
(°C)
80
(°C)
130
Consumptions (at IFN Output)
Specific fuel consumption, 3000 RPM
(g/kWh)
Fuel tank content
(l)
NO
(mm)
300
Fuel
*
to DIN 51 601 / ASTM D 975-77 + 2D/BS 28669 1970 A1 + A2
Specific lub. oil consumption
(g/kWh)
1
max. lub. oil capacity
(g/l)
1100 / 1,25
1100 / 1,25
1380 / 1,56
Topping up volume
lower-upper mark
t /b tt
k
(g/l)
200 / 0,226
200 / 0,226
240 / 0,270
Feed pump (max. lift)
Lub. Oil quality
*
305
300
255
HD oil: minimum quality CC; better, CD quality (API-spec.) and multigrade oils
Pressures
Injector setting
Oil pressure (max.)
Permissible air intake
vacuum
Permissible exhaust
gas back pressure
(bar)
200
200
(bar)
5
(kPa)
2
(kPa)
5
- 10 -
175
TECHNICAL DATA
2.1
Construction Data, Consumptions and Pressures
Technical Data
Engine Type
15W
Table 2
18W
32W
Adjustment Data
Valves, Inlet / Outlet
(mm)
0,2 all
Inlet opens BTDC
*
5,3°- 7,5° = 12 - 17 mm
5,3°- 7,5° = 12 - 17 mm
5,2°- 7,5° = 14 - 20 mm
Exhaust closes
ATDC
Flywheel diameter
*
4,4°- 6,7° = 10 - 15 mm
4,4°- 6,7° = 10 - 15 mm
4,5°- 6,7° = 12 - 18 mm
(mm)
258
258
308
Injection pump: end of delivery, plunger with control edge “above“
Engine RPMs
End of delivery BTDC
Engine RPMs
End of delivery BTDC
(min-1) 1500 1800 2000 2500 1500 1800 2000 2500 1500 1800 2000 2500
17
(mm)
18
19
17
18
19
28
(min-1) 2800 3000 3300 3600 2800 3000 3300 3600
(mm)
21
22
25
28
21
22
25
28
28
28
32
3000 3300 3600
2800
36
40
40
46
Injection pump: start of delivery, plunger with control edge “below“ (engines for generator and pump drive)
Engine RPMs
Start of delivery BTDC
(min-1) 1500 1800 3000 3600 1500 1800 3000 3600 1500 1800 3000 3600
(mm)
Valve clearance (cold)
inlet and outlet valve
(mm)
Repair Data
Dimension
Inlet valve
Recedes by:
Exhaust valve
Recedes by:
*
*
39
41
*
*
39
41
42
42
60
0,2
(mm)
0,1 - 0,2
0,1 - 0,2
0,1 – 0,2
(mm)
0,1 - 0,2
0,1 - 0,2
0,1 – 0,2
Piston protrudes by:
(mm)
0,63 - 0,93
0,63 - 0,93
0,65 - 0,98
Gap measurement
(mm)
0,47 - 0,82
0,47 – 0,82
0,43 - 0,85
Piston ring joint
(mm)
0,2 – 0,8
0,2 – 0,8
0,2 – 0,8
Crankshaft plain bearing
clearance - new condition
(mm)
0,02 - 0,05
0,02 - 0,05
0,02 - 0,06
Crankshaft plain bearing
clearance - wear limit
(mm)
0,08
0,08
0,09
(mm)
0,03 - 0,06
0,03 - 0,06
0,03 - 0,08
(mm)
0,11
0,11
0,12
(mm)
0,05 - 0,15
0,05 - 0,15
0,05 – 0,15
Connecting rod plain bearing
clearance - new condition
Connecting rod plain bearing
clearance - wear limit
Crankshaft end play
- 11 -
73
TECHNICAL DATA
2.2
Output, Torque, Consumption
15W Leistung / Output /
18W Leistung / Output /
Puissance / Potencia
Puissance / Potencia
Drehmoment / Torque /
Couple / Par
Drehmoment / Torque /
Couple / Par
Verbrauch / Consumption /
Consommation / Consumo
Verbrauch / Consumption /
Consommation / Consumo
DIN ratings
F
IFN-ISO
ICFN-ISO
D
-
Vehicle rating: intermittent duty at variable speed and load.
DIN-ISO 3046 Blocked useful performance for intermittent loads.
DIN-ISO 3046 Standard performance, blocked continuous useful performance for constant RPMs and constant load.
Continuous operation: - contact factory for use beyond the limits indicated.
Decrease of approx. 1% for every 100 m altitude and approx. 2% for every 5°C above
20°C
Rating certified within tolerance of 5% after engine has been run in with standard air filter
and exhaust muffler.
- 12 -
TECHNICAL DATA
2.2
Output, Torque, Consumption
32W Leistung / Output /
Puissance / Potencia
The values shown are
related to the optimal load
setting at the corresponding nominal engine speed.
Drehmoment / Torque /
Couple / Par
- 13 -
TECHNICAL DATA
Verbrauch / Consumption /
Consommation / Consumo
- 14 -
TECHNICAL DATA
2.3
Screws - Tightening Torques, Sealing and Adhesive Materials
Technical data
Engine type
Table 1
15W
18W
32W
30- 33 / 13
30 - 33 / 13
52 - 56 / 17
*
*
*
30 - 33 / 13
30 - 33 / 13
30 - 33 / 13
30- 33 / 13
30- 33 / 13
52 - 56 / 17
20 - 23 / 13
20 - 23 / 13
20 - 23 / 13
8 – 12 / 10
8 – 12 / 10
20 - 23 / 13
34 - 39 / 22
34 - 39 / 22
34 - 39 / 22
8 – 12 / 10
8 – 12 / 10
390 - 410 / 46
55 - 60 / 14
55 - 60 / 14
55 - 60 / 14
Tightening torques
Cylinder head
(Nm)
(mm)
(Nm)
(mm)
(Nm)
(mm)
(Nm)
(mm)
(Nm)
(mm)
(Nm)
(mm)
(Nm)
(mm)
(Nm)
(mm)
(Nm)
(mm)
torque / wrench width
Rocker bracket
torque / wrench width
Bearing cover
torque / wrench width
Connecting rod
torque / wrench width
Nozzle holder
torque / wrench width
Injection pump
torque / wrench width
Delivery valve
torque / wrench width
Flywheel
torque / wrench width
Speed governor
torque / wrench width
Maximum operation angles
Longitudinal
(in dir. of crankshaft)
Transverse
(deg.)
15
15
15
(deg.)
15
15
15
Sealing and adhesive materials
Text Code
Type
A
Loctite 573
B
Loctite 270
C
Loctite 415
- 15 -
TECHNICAL DATA
2.4
Tools
Part No.
Description
Use
748.115.6
Fuel line clamp
to clamp fuel supply
lines
748.130.2
Hexagonal socket
wrench, 36 mm
for flywheel nuts
748.128.4
Drive wrench
for use with socket
wrench, 748.154.2
748.108.5
Special screw
driver
to adjust governor
spring nuts
748.132.6
Crankshaft race
puller
use with part no.
748.136.2 to pull off
main bearing race
from crankshaft
748.137.2
Crankshaft gear
wheel puller
use with part
748.136.2 to pull off
crankshaft gear wheel
748.136.2
Puller plate
use with parts
148.132.6 and
748.137.2
748.122.6
Flywheel puller
to loosen flywheel
748.119.4
Bearing driver
to press in crankshaft
roller bearing and shaft
seal
- 16 -
TECHNICAL DATA
2.4
Tools
748.120.4
Bearing driver
to press the crankshaft
bearing bushes in and
out
748.121.4
Bearing driver
to press the camshaft
in and out
748.124.4
Bearing driver
to press out the crankshaft roller bearing
748.173.2
Oil filter wrench
to remove the full flow
oil filter
748.172.4
Bearing driver
to press the little end
bearing bush in and
out (connecting rod)
748.129.4
Bearing driver
to press the regulator
shaft bearing bush in
and out
37E/43E:
748.125.4
Guide punch
to press the valve
guides in and out
Drop tube
to measure the injection timing
43F:
748.211.4
748.117.6
- 17 -
TECHNICAL DATA
2.4
Tools
748.126.2
Oil pressure gauge
to measure the oil
pressure
748.131.5
Valve spring lifter
to remove and fit the
valve springs
- 18 -
TECHNICAL DATA
2.5
Technical Description
Diesel engine models 15W / 18W / 32W are water-cooled, single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engines with direct injection. The engines have oil pressure forced lubrication. The fuel
injection pump and the valves are controlled by the camshaft which is driven by the crankshaft. The fuel injection pump (self-venting fuel system) is driven directly while the valves
are driven by push rods and rockers. An electric starter and a manual starting device are
provided to start the engine. The engines are equipped with an automatic decompression
system and a manual forced starting enrichment quantity.
Special modified water-cooled Farymann engines fulfill BSO I/II and EPA – requirements.
2.6
Applications
Diesel engine models 15W / 18W / 32W are suitable for the following applications:
− Marine generating sets
− Marine propulsion engines
− Vehicle cooling systems
− Military Equip. ( APU, ... )
−
− .
- 19 -
RE-ASSEMBLING PROCEDURES
3.
Dismantling and Assembly Procedures on the Basic Engine
3.1
Basic Requirements
− The aim of this Repair Manual is to provide help with carrying out repairs to the
engine.
The requirements for this are as follows:
− Trained specialist staff (of at least the
minimum legal age);
− and a workshop where the necessary
equipment, standard tools and special
tools are available
− A well-lit, unrestricted working area, free
from dirt and swarf, will make the work
considerably easier.
− Clean the engine thoroughly before dismantling it.
− Attention must be paid to all the information and warning notices which have been
affixed.
− Particular care is called for in the vicinity of
rotating, moving or hot parts.
ATTENTION
CAUTION
This symbol is used whenever failure to
comply precisely with instructions or procedures may cause accidents which can result
in injuries or death.
This symbol is used whenever failure to
comply precisely with instructions or procedures may cause damage to the engine.
Advice and tips about special features when
handling the engine.
- 20 -
RE-ASSEMBLING PROCEDURES
3.2
DISMANTLING PROCEDURES
1. Drain lubrication oil :
Place suitable container under the drain hole.
Remove 2 screws and cupper washers, remove
oilscreen.
Caution
Clean oilscreen carefully.
Replace if any deformations or other dam-
ages.
2. Air cleaner
Engines installed in Generating Sets
Aircleaner-assy done from equipment manufactorer. Follow instructions of the operating manual.
Marine propulsion engines
There are different versions of aircleaner and
noise damper in use. In each case remove the
2 selflocking nuts and pull of the assy.
Discard gasket and replace filter element if existing.
3. Muffler / Exhaust manifold
Engines installed in Generating Sets
Muffler-assy done from equipment manufactorer. Follow instructions of the operating manual.
Marine propulsion engines
Special watercooled exhaust manifold.
Remove 2 hex-nuts and washers.
Discard gasket.
Replace clamp of the water-line if necessary.
- 21 -
RE-ASSEMBLING PROCEDURES
4. Fuel lines, fuel filter
Remove banjo bolts, copper washers from injection pump and injector. If existing – remove fuel
filter bracket, setscrews and spring washers.
Close ports of injection pump and injector with
banjo bolts to prevent dirt.
Caution
Use only original fuel filter and fuel persistened
fuel lines for replacement.
Example : Fuel system Genset engine
Example : Fuel system Propulsion engine
- 22 -
RE-ASSEMBLING PROCEDURES
5. High pressure fuel line :
Loosen the high pressure fuel line by holding a
14 mm wrench on the delivery valve while unscrewing the fuel line fitting.
Loosen the high pressure line at the injector in
the same way.
Caution
Check taper ends of the high pressure line for
damage or wear.
Replace if necessary.
6. Fuel injector :
Remove hex nuts and lock washer from injector
clamp. Pull out injector.
Caution
Sticking injector : Use a soft faced hammer and
tap slightly.
OR : Take an old high pressure line to pull the
injector out.
Check injector and cylinder head bore for the
copper washer ! Copper washer has to be repplaced in all cases !
- 23 -
RE-ASSEMBLING PROCEDURES
7. Cylinder head :
Remove the valve cover by removing the lock
nuts and the plastic washers. If necessary tap
the cover lightly with a soft faced hammer. Discard plastic washers and valve cover gasket.
Remove the 2 locknuts and washers (1) holding
the protection tube retaining spring.
Loosen the 4 cylinder head nuts (2) using a
torque wrench.
Drive out the rocker arm bolt with a drift pin and
a hammer.
Remove rocker arms and push rods.
Check rocker arm bushings for wear.
Replace bushings if necessary.
Check push rods for bending and wear at the
taper ends
Replace if necessary..
Remove the cylinder head nuts and cylinder
head. Remove the protection tube.
Remove cylinder head gasket using a screwdriver.
Check valves, valve seat and valve guide for
wear or damage. Replace if necessary.
Check blanking plugs ( water cooling room ) for
leakage.
Caution
Use a valve spring compressor to remove the
valves.
Valve guides can be easy removed with a valve
guide driver ( refer to Special Tool List ! )
- 24 -
RE-ASSEMBLING PROCEDURES
8. Decompression release
Remove 2 screws and pull the decompression
Release out of the gearhousing.
Check gasket and o-seal. Replace if necessary.
Caution
Take care not to loose the guide pin !
With missing guide pin shaft will move out when
engine is in operation !
9. Cylinder
Rotate the flywheel until the piston the bottom of
ist stroke. Carefully slide the cylinder up of the
studs.
Check o-seals of water-overflow-jackets. Replace if necessary.
Caution
If the repair doesn’t require replacement of piston and liner, leave the liner on the piston.
Pull up liner so far that piston pin bore is free ->
See next step.
- 25 -
RE-ASSEMBLING PROCEDURES
10. Piston
Rotate the flywheel until the piston is in TDC –
position. Use a needle nose plier to remove the
piston pin retainer.
With a drift pin gently hammer piston pin out of
the piston ( from flywheel-side ).
Caution
If the piston pin is sticking you’ve to remove the
complete piston and conrod assy. Remove piston pin on the work bench.
11. Conrod
Turn the flywheel untol piston is in BTC–position. Put the engine down on flywheel-side. Remove the crankcase bottom plate by unscrewing
the 6 head screws.
Discard gasket.
Caution
If the screws are very tight tap them with a
hammer and and drift pin.
When reusing the conrod bearings you have to
mark the bearing shells and the corresponding
parts of the conrod. This ensures that the bearing runs in the same postion again after installation.
Use a 13 mm socket to remove the hex nuts.
Pull out the conrod big end using a plier.
- 26 -
RE-ASSEMBLING PROCEDURES
12. Crankhandle guide
Remove the 2 crankhandle guide screws. Pull of
the guide in a twisting motion.
13. Gear end cover
Remove the 6 allen screws and pull off the gear
end cover.If necessary tap with a soft faced
hammer.
Caution
While removing the gear end cover the gear of
the camshaft could stick on the governor-body.
¼ turn of the flywheel will free it !
14. Injection pump
Move accelleration lever to full speed position.
- 27 -
RE-ASSEMBLING PROCEDURES
Remove the 2 hex nuts and lock washers. Pull
off the inj. Pump. If necessary turn the flywheel
to decrease force from the camshaft-side.
Caution
Leave gasket and shimson the gear end housing. Re-install hex nuts and lock washers on
their studs.
To remove the injection pump camfollower unscrew fixing screw ( arrow )through oil filling
bore.
15. Camshaft
Remove the circlip lock ring fixing the camshaft
in the gear end cover. Press out the camshaft
using a driver ( see special tool list ).
To pull off the camshaft gear wheel use puller or
press.
After removing the camshaft the roller bearing
can be pressed out from the inside of the cover
using a special driver.
- 28 -
RE-ASSEMBLING PROCEDURES
16. Speed control assembly
Remove the retaining ring from the eccenter
shaft using a pliers. Pull the exc. shaft outwards
till the ratchet plate is free from the compression
pin. Unhook the outer torsion spring from the
boss ( use a pliers and watch out for your fingers). Hold the inner control lever and twist acceleration lever down to stop-position till the
inner torsion spring is without tension. Then pull
eccenter shaft out of control lever and bearing
bush.
17. Governor
Install holding device ( special tools )
Remove governor pin from governor.
Spread flywheights with a screwdriver and use
14 mm socket to unscrew governor.
Caution
Governor mounted with left-hand-thread !
- 29 -
RE-ASSEMBLING PROCEDURES
18. Oil pump
Remove the oil pump and valve bracket by unscrewing the 3 mounting screws.
Discard gasket.
19. Flywheel
Remove the oil pump and valve bracket by unscrewing the 3 mounting screws.
Discard gasket.
Leave the flywheel nut on the shaft. Install flywheel puller and turn the screws until the flywheel breaks loose from the crankshaft tapper.
Remove the puller, flywheel nut and flywheel.
20. Main bearing housing
Remove the 4 main bearing housing nuts and
washers.
Next install 2 screws M6 x 30 into the thread
holes. Screw them in until the housing breaks
loose.
- 30 -
RE-ASSEMBLING PROCEDURES
Remove the key, belleville washers, angle ringe,
o-ring and thrust washer.
21. Crankshaft
Remove the crankshaft from the crankcase, being careful not to drag the crankshaft gear on the
main bearing bushing.
Use a puller to pull of the crankshaft gear.
In case the roller bearing needs replacement,
replace also the inner race, which is shrunk fit
on to the crankshaft.
Use race puller to pull off the inner race.
The engine is now completely stripped down.
Clean all parts with diesel fuel or other suitable cleaning agent.
Check parts for damaga, wear and tear.
Replace is necessary.
- 31 -
MEASUREMENT TABLE, WEAR
4.
MEASUREMENT TABLE- WEARING PARTS
4.1
CRANKCASE
- 32 -
MEASUREMENT TABLE, WEAR
4.2
CRANKSHAFT
- 33 -
MEASUREMENT TABLE, WEAR
4.3
CAMSHAFT
- 34 -
MEASUREMENT TABLE, WEAR
4.4
GEAR COVER
- 35 -
MEASUREMENT TABLE, WEAR
4.5
SHAFTS, BEARINGS
- 36 -
MEASUREMENT TABLE, WEAR
4.6
CONNECTING ROD
- 37 -
MEASUREMENT TABLE, WEAR
4.7
CYLINDER LINER
Dimensions :
A
B
C
D
E
F
15W
92 –0,05
75,050 – 75,030
78,8 –0,1
95 –0,036 /-0,071
86,75 –0,025
105,75 –0,1
- 38 -
18W
92 –0,05
82,050 – 82,030
85,0 –0,2
95 –0,036 /-0,071
86,75 –0,025
105,75 –0,1
32W
109,2 –0,1
95,040 – 95,020
100,5 –0,2
117 –0,1 / -0,15
111,2 –0,025
138,2
MEASUREMENT TABLE, WEAR
4.8
PISTON 15/18W
- 39 -
MEASUREMENT TABLE, WEAR
4.9
PISTON 32W
- 40 -
MEASUREMENT TABLE, WEAR
4.10 CYLINDER HEAD 15/18W
Cylinder head 15W
Cylinder head 18W
- 41 -
MEASUREMENT TABLE, WEAR
4.11 CYLINDER HEAD 32W
Cylinder head 32W
Rocker arm 15/18/32W
- 42 -
REASSEMBLY PROCEDURES
5.
ENGINE REASSEMBLY
1. Crankcase
Press the bearing bush with a suitable driver.
Caution
Take care that the joining line of the bearing
bush is located as shown and that the oil holes
in the bushing and in the crankcase bore are
properly linedup.
2. Crankshaft
To install the crankshaft gear and the inner race
of the roller bearing heat up the parts to a temp.
Of 90°C - 100°C ( 195 – 210 °F ).
-> use oil bath or electric heater plate.
Oil the bearing bush and slide crankshaft into
the crankcase. Take care not to damage the
bearing bush with the gear teeth.
- 43 -
REASSEMBLY PROCEDURES
3. Main bearing housing
Press the outer race of the driver into the bearing cover. Insert the retaining ring with pliers.
Press the oil sealing ring into the housing using
the correct driver. Don’t use grease for assembly. Insert o-ring in the bearing housing and put
onto studs.
Caution
Bearing housing can only be fitted in one position. Tap lightly with a soft faced hammer to seat
the cover. Torque down the fastening nuts
crosswise.
Assemble the thrust washer (1) and o-ring (2),
followed by the angle ring (3) and the two
belleville washers (4) exactly as shown.
4. Flywheel
Clean crankshaft and flywheel tapper free of oil
or grease. Insert flywheel key and slide flywheel
onto the crankshaft tapper. Assemble flywheel
retaining nut and tighten to specified torque.
- 44 -
REASSEMBLY PROCEDURES
5. Oilpump
Reassemble oilpump with thin pressure relief
plate, spring retaining clip and gasket. Before
tightening the screws to specified torque pull the
pump downwards. The clearance in the screw
holes allows a sufficient backslash between
crankshaft gear and pump gear.
6. Governor
Install holding device ( special tools ) on crankshaft or fix crankshaft with a hammer stick.
Make sure that governor and crankshaft threads
are free of oil and grease. Apply a couple of
trops of Loctite 270 ( or similar ) on the governor
thread. Torque the governor down according the
torque table.
Attention
Governor with lefthand thread ! Spread flywheights to mount the socket of the torque
wrench.
For correct governor setting refer to section Adjustments !
7. Connecting rod
To install new bearing shells, take a shell half
and lay it to approx. ¾ into the cap. Now press
the bearing in a slidung move onto its seat. The
bearing lip must fit into the groove in the cap.
Install the bearing shell on the rod-side in the
same way.
- 45 -
REASSEMBLY PROCEDURES
Notice the stamped numbers on conrod and cap
– side . These are matcjing marks i.e. identical
numbers must be on rod and cap.
Oil the bearing shells and install conrod into the
crankcase until it seats on the crank pin. Insert
conrod cap through the bottom inspection cover
Attention
The stamped numbers must be aligned on the
same side of the rod but it is not important which
engine side the numbers face. Thighten the conrod nuts to the specified torque and reinstall
crankcase cover.
.
8. Camshaft
Heat the camshaft gear wheel in an oil bath or
an electric heater plate to 90-100 °C ( 195-210
°F). Thrust gear onto the camshaft using a suitable lenght of pipe and a hydraulic press.
Attention
The timing mark must face towards cam side of
assembly.
Press the camshaft bearing into the gear
end cover using a driver.
- 46 -
REASSEMBLY PROCEDURES
Now press the camshaft with a driver into
the bearing. Use another driver as counter
pressure piece for the bearing. Make sure
that the bearing sears fully against the seat
flange. Insert retaining ring. Install camfollower for the injection pump and tighten the
fixing screw.
Every time install a new o-ring on the camshaft prior to pressing the camshaft into the
bearing.
9. Governor control
Insert ratched pin and spring into the hole in the
gear end housing.
Put the return spring (1) into small hole of the
control lever.
Move the torsion spring (2) over the eccentric
shaft and hook spring leg in the space in the
middle of the ratched plate (3).
Slide the eccentric shaft through the bearing
bush in the housing and into the control lever.
Turn the acceleration lever downwards (“stop”)
until spring leg of the return spring can be
moved into the notch of the eccentric shaft end.
(Figure c).
c
Push in eccentric shaft and clip ring spring into
- 47 -
Use a wire loop to move and hook torsion spring
leg to the boss of the gear end housing.
(Figure d)
d
REASSEMBLY PROCEDURES
the notch of the eccentric shaft.
Attention
Initiate performance test.
The tension of the return spring must be acting
against the pressure onto the seting screw.
Speed control - Stationary
The outer torsion spring pulls the acceleration
lever from the stop-position back into idleposition.
Speed control – Vehicle / Bowden cable
The outer torsion spring pulls the acceleration
lever into stop-position.
Speed control – Generator
The outer torsion spring pulls the acceleration
lever into full-speed-position.
Attention
The spring tension may be altered by hooking
the spring leg into one of the neighboured
notches !
10. Piston
Install the piston rings using a ring expander.
Imprinted sign has to be on top.
- 48 -
REASSEMBLY PROCEDURES
Oil the ring and piston skirts. Check that piston
ring gaps are 120 degrees offset. Compress
rings with ring compressor. Lay the cylinder
down on the bench with bottom facing up. Install
piston from bottom side of the cylinder. Never
tap on the piston crown.
Attention
Never try to install piston through top of the liner
as liner is slightly tapered. Push in the piston so
far that the piston pin bore is slightly above edge
of cylinder.
Slide the piston and cylinder over the studs.
For 18W / 32W only :
The arrow-sign ( or crankshaft-sign ) stamped
on the piston top must point towards the flywheel.
Align the piston and conecting rod bores. Push
the piston pin in and insert the retaining
ring.Push the cylinder down until it seats firmly
onto the engine crankcase.
11. Cylinder head
Press the valve guides into the cylinder head
using a driver. Special care is necessary to ensure that the guide is exactly vertical before
pressing in.
Attention
Before pressing in the exhaust valve guide, assemble the two small washers and retainer ring.
Note : Picture shows air cooled cylinder head !
- 49 -
REASSEMBLY PROCEDURES
Grind in the valves. The rotocap and the conical
shaped spring belong to the exhaust valve. The
two thin steel washers must be under the cylindrical spring of the inlet valve. Fit new sealing
cap onto the inlet valve guide. Before fitting the
rotocap check for proper function : Spin the cap,
if rattling sound or hard movement -> replace.
NOTE :
32W engine => There’s no difference between
inlet and exhaust valve spring !
Fit cylinder head gasket and slide cylinder head
down onto the cylinder. Fit spring washers and
cylinder head nuts. On the shorter stud – intake
side –fit the tote bracket and cylinder haed nut
without washer.
Attention
Model 15W doesn’t have any cylinder head gasket.
At this stage don’t torque down the cylinder
head nuts as the rocker arms and push rods still
have to be assembled at a later stage !
Recommented torque at this stage : 5 Nm
- 50 -
REASSEMBLY PROCEDURES
12. Gear end cover
To install the gear end cover, first bring the piston to TDC ( Top dead center ) position by
aligning the flywheel timing mark with the TDC
mark stamped on the crankcase.
Insert the governor pin into the bore in the governor. Use grease to keep the pin in place.
Line up the timing mark on the camshaft gear
with the mark on the gear end cover.
Install the gear end cover onto the crankcase
being careful not to move the camshaft gear.
Remember to place the gasket !
After the cover is installed check the timing
marks on the flywheel side. If both marks are
within +/- 2mm lining up the timing is correct.
Insert the governor pin into the bore in the governor. Use grease to keep the pin in place.
Occasionally, however, the governor will tighten
onto the crankshaft in position that makes it difficult to install the gear end cover. If this happens use the following procedure to install the
cover :
Turn the flywheel until ist timing mark aligns with
approx. 1 o’clock position.
- 51 -
REASSEMBLY PROCEDURES
Move the timing mark on the camshaft gearexactly 3 teeth to the left.
Install the gear end cover. Align the flywheel
mark and the crankcase timing mark.
Check timing marks on camshaft gear and gear
end cover. The timing is acceptable if these are
within 0 – 2 mm to the left side !
Note :
If the camshaft mark is in right side position the
valves will come in contact with the piston ( hot
engine ).
Place new o-ring in the flute of the crankhandle
support. Lubricate the camshaft and the sealing
lips of the oil sealing ring. Don’t push the guide
straight onto the gear end cover. Instead use a
light twisting motion until the guide seats itself.
Tighten the screws to specified torque.
13. Decompression device
Slide the pushrod tube up into the ist hole in the
cylinder head as far as possible. Remember to
install a new o-ring in the cylinder head. To
grease will help to assemble the tube.
Assemble the decompression device with new
o-ring and gasket.
Attention
Before reinstalling the decompression device
check if the retaining pin for the shaft is still in
place ( see arrow ).
- 52 -
REASSEMBLY PROCEDURES
When a new decompression device is installed
the correct function must be checked. To do so
install the decompression device with the 0,4
mm thick gasket. Continue with steps 14, 15 and
16. Turn the flywheel approx. 1/8 revolution before TDC and measure with a depth gauge the
distance between bracket of the rocker arm
shaft and spring collar of the intake valve. Next
activate the decompresion device and measure
the distance again. There must be a difference
between the two measurements of about 0,7 –
0,9 mm. If it is less than 0,7 mm you’ve to disassemble the deco device and replace the 0,4 mm
gasket with two 0,3 mm gaskets ( all included in
the joint set ). Carry out the two measurements
again.
If the tolerance is more than 1,0 mm replace the
0,4 mm gasket with a 0,3 mm gasket. Carry out
the two measurements.
14. Push rods and protection tube
Slide the protection tube down onto the decompression device. Assemble the retaining spring
exactly as shown.
Don’t tighten the nut yet.
Insert the push rods through the protection tube
into top of the decompression device. Both push
rods are alike. Intake push rod has to be placed
into tapped top hole closest to cylinder.
15. Rocker arms
Place piston to TDC position. Line up rocker
arms and push rods.
Oil rocker arm bolt before installing it into the
support.
Attention
To prevent damage of push rods while torquing
the cylinder head nuts, ensure sufficient clearance between setting screws and push rods.
Tighten cylinder head nuts in 3 steps to specified torque.
- 53 -
REASSEMBLY PROCEDURES
16. Valve setting
Check that the decompression device is in operating position ( pin on 9 o’clock ). Set piston on
TDC compression stroke. Use a 0,2 mm feeler
gauge to control and reset the valve clearance
of both valves. ( Insert feeler gauge between
valve stem and rocker arm ). Open the lock nuts
of the setting screws to reset clearance. Tighten
the nuts while counterhold the setting screws
with a screwdriver. Recheck clearance when
finished.
Attention
Valve setting on installed engines :
Remove valve cover. Insert a crankhandle and
rotate slowly to valve overlaping position.
Remove crankhandle and check drive pin inside
the crankhandle guide => vertical position !
Insert crankhandle once again ad turn around ½
rotation ( drive pin = vertical position again ! )
Check and reset the valves.
17. Oil filter => 32W engine, only
Fill up oilfilter with new oil.
NOTE :
Oil the rubber gasket and screw on oilfilter.
Use only OEM oilfilter !
The recommended filter is special made to be
high resistant against vibration shocks !
Attention
Hand tighten oilfilter only. Don’t use tools.
Install oil drain flange ( oil screen assy ). Fill trhe
engine with new oil up to dipstick mark between
upper and lower position. Recheck oil level after
first engine start.
A special relief valve inside the oilfilter protects
your engine against total damage !
18. Fuel injector
Replace the old cupper washer located in the
cylinder head injector seat.
NOTE :
On used injectors you’ve to ckeck the injector
pressure and orifices !
If nessecary reset pressure setting as specified
in the technical tablets !
Attention
Use one washer only !
Make sure that the old one has been removed.
Install injector and clamp. Torque the two nuts
as specified.
- 54 -
REASSEMBLY PROCEDURES
19. Injection pump
Place acceleration lever in full load (max speed)
position and pull excess fuel button. Place rod of
the fuel injection pump to max position. When
sliding in the pump, the pin of the rod must grip
into the yoke of the control lever. Reinstall the
injection pump by using the same number and
types of shims as were on the engine before.
(See chapter -> injection timing !)
First install the paper gasket in any case.
Attention
To check correct assembly of the fuel injection
pump turn the acceleration lever to stopposition. Excess fuel button must push back to
normal operating position !
20 High pressure fuel line
Install the high pressure fuel line and tighten the
union nuts on injector and pump. While tightening nut on injector and pump maintain counter
parts with a 14 mm wrench.
21 Valve cover
Install the valve cover gasket and the valve
cover taking care the gasket is properly seated
on the cylinder head. Insert new plastic washers
and tighten to specified torque.
- 55 -
TEST RUN, ADJUSTMENTS
6.
Test run, adjustments, checks
1. TEST RUN
The engine is now completely reassembled.
Install engine on test bench and carry out test
run. The engine does not require a long time
running-in program. After a ahort run according
to low specifications the engine is ready for
normal operation.
Also the use of special break-in oils or lub. Oil
additives are not recommended.
Note
Running-in instruction :
=> 5 min idle speed, no load
=> 10 min half speed, half load
=> 20 min full speed, nominal load => output
!
setting
=> 2 min idle speed for cooling down
During test run check for proper function, unusual noise and leakages.
2. Lubrication system, basic info
32W – engines:
A gear pump sucks the oil from the sump and
conveys the oil through the oilfilter to the main
bearing and conrod bearing. Piston, piston pin,
cylinder liner and rocker arms are splash lubricated. Max.oil pressure ( 4,5 bar ) is controlled
by a relief valve ( mounting support of the oilfilter ).
15 / 18W – engines, differences:
Oil strainer instead of oil filter. Oil pump with
integrated pressure relief system.
Note
All engines require heavy duty lub oils of at least
CC, preferably CD quality. ( API classification ).
For correct viscosity and oil change intervalls
refer to Operating Manual !
- 56 -
TEST RUN, ADJUSTMENTS
3. Oil pressure check
The oil pressure depends mostly on the wearing
conditions of the bearings. Before checking the
oil pressure make sure that the oil level is
topped and oil with correct viscosity is used.
Remove the oil channel plug screw and connect
oil pressure gauge with adaptor.
Oil pressure values, hot engine ):
Idle speed => min press. 0,5 bar ( 7 PSI )
Nominal speed => min press. 1,8 bar ( 23 PSI )
If oil pressure is to low first check the pressure
relief valve before starting further dismantling of
the engine.
15/18W – engines :
Plug screw located on crankcase side.
4. Fuel system, basic
The fuel flows from the (ext.) tank through the
fuel feed pump ( option ), fuel filter to the injection pump. Higher supplied quantity will flow
back via return line. Returning fuel carries heat
away from the system.
Returning fuel also ensures a constant bleed in
the fuel system.
From the injection pump fuel is fed through the
high pressure line to the injector. Higher supply
will be carried back through the return line.
Injector pressure settings:
15/18W – engines : 200 bar
32W – engines : 175 bar
5. Fuel filter
Pull the inlet and outlet line from the filter. DisThe fuel filter prevents the entry of dirt into the
card the used filter ! Don’t try to clean it !
injection pump. The normal lifespan of a fuel
filter is approx. 1000 operating hours, however it
Reassemble and check correct connection.
depends on the purity of the fuel used.
Prior to changing fuel filter, clean the fuel lines
from dirt with a rag. Close off the line between
filter and tank with a clamp.
- 57 -
Note
Watch out for the correct direction of flow (
signed on filter Housing ).
TEST RUN, ADJUSTMENTS
6. Fuel injector, injector nozzle
The injector nozzle injects the fuel in a fine mist
and under a high pressure into the combustion
space. Due to the high mechanical and thermal
stress, the nozzle requires regular maintenance.
Carbon resuides on the nozzle tip are removed
with a brass wire brush.
The spray holes can be cleaned with a special
needle ( Bosch tool ).
To check the injection pressure, connect the
complete injector to a nozzle tester. Follow operating instructions. The fuel must be ejected
evently atomized without drippling at the specified pressure.
Caution
Keep hands away from nozzle spray ! The spray
can penetrate deep into the flesh of your hand
and destroy the tissues. Diesel fuel can cause
blood poisoning.
If injection pressure is too high or low, it must be
corrected by replacing the shims inside the injector valve.
Procedure :
Unscrew the sleeve nut (1), take of the nozzle
(2), pressure piece (3), valve cone (4) and pressure spring (5). Replace adjustment shims !
Thicker shim => higher pressure
Thinner shim => lower pressure
An alteration of 0.1 mm ( 0.004”) will bring a
change of approx. 10 bar ( 145 PSI).
When reassembling take care that the pins on
the pressure piece are correctly located in nozzle body and nozzle holder. If the nozzle leaks,
dribbs or does not atomize properly, change the
complete nozzle.
All kinds of repair are not recommended.
- 58 -
TEST RUN, ADJUSTMENTS
7. Excess starting fuel button
For ease of starting all engines are fitted with an
excess starting pull button.
A cone limits the travel of the fuel rack. When
the starting fuel button is pulled down prior to
start, the cone allows the fuel rack to travel to a
higher fuel quantity position.
As soon as the engine reaches ist high idle
speed the governor moves the fuel rack towards
stop, the starting fuel button disengages and
returns to ist normal operating position.
Therefore it is necessary to start the engine
without load in order to reach max rpm. Otherwise the starting fuel button will not diengage
and continously overload the engine.
Also the engine output is adjusted via the cone
of the starting fuel button. Depending in the installation depth of the cone the fuel rack travel is
shorter ( = less output ) or longer ( = higher output ). This output adjustment is done on the
factory’s test-bench. Under no circumstance–
this setting should be altered.
If the excess fuel button or the complete gear
cover was renewed, the engine output must be
re-adjusted on a test bench.
- 59 -
TEST RUN, ADJUSTMENTS
8. Adjustment of fuel injection timing
The correct setting of the commencement of
delivery is a basic requirement for a troublefree
function of the engine. As the injection timing is
fixed, a check and re-adjustment is only necessary when the engine speed is altered or the–
camshaft gear was renewed.
Note
Engines for generating sets are set at “ begin of
delivery “ point.
Propulsion engines are set at
end of delivery “ point !
First crank the engine to compression stroke till
TDC mark on the flywheel is approx. at 5 o’clock
position. Close fuel supply line.Remove the allen
head screw from injection pump head and the
cupper washer inside. Fit drip tube (=> tools).
Set the acceleration lever at max speed.
Attention
Excess starting fuel button must not be pulled !
Open fuel supply line. Slowly crank the engine
rotationwise and observe the drip tube. First the
fuel flows free => drips => stops => drips and
flows again.
Last drips before stop : begin of delivery point !
First drips after stop : end of delivery point !
The delivery cut-off point is correct when approx.
1 drop per second comes out of the tube.
Use a flexible ruler and measure the distance
between TDC marks on the flxwheel and crankcase. Compare the measured data with the values recommended at the Technical Data Table.
Observe correct flywheel diameter and engine
speed !
If the measured value is out of tolerance, readjust the commencement of delivery, either by
adding or removing adjustment shims.
Adding shims : delayed injection => shorter distance between TDC marks !
Removing shims : advanced injection => longer
distance between TDC marks !
- 60 -
TEST RUN, ADJUSTMENTS
If shims have been added or removed the installation deepth muist be checked.
Measure distance from the mounting flange
down to the edge inside the roller tapped. This
value plus the thickness of the installed adjustment shims should be between 57,5 mm
(2.263”) and 59,1 mm (2,327”) !
If it is not possible to set the correct injection
timing via adjustment shims, then most probably
the alignment of the camshaft gear is not correct. Or TDC marks is wrong.
Attention
The thickness of the adjustment shims is
stamped on the mounting flange of the injection
pump. Example : “12” => 1,2 mm !
This value, however, refers only to the originally
fited pump. When a pump has been changed or
the injection timing was altered, the new corrected Thickness should be stamped on !
- 61 -
TEST RUN, ADJUSTMENTS
9. Governor
1. Governor body
2. Governor spring, middle speed range in
case of variable speed governor
3. Spacer, instead of item 2, end speed governor
4. Governor pin
5. Spring bridge
6. Guide bush
7. Governor spring, max speed
8. Governor spring, idle speed
9. Cross slutted nut
The purpose of the governor is to maintain the
specified speed of the engine. Therefore, centrifugal and resilient spring forces are used to
control the amount of fuel injected by the injection pump.
2. Idle and full speed governor ( 2 stage )
Besides the full load speed the idling speed
is also governed. For applications with constant speed operation and idle speed relief.
Such as compressors, freezer units, ...
According to the application, there are several
types of governor available :
3. All speed governor ( variable speed )
Governs the complete range of speed from
idle up to full speed. For applications such
as industrial engines, vehicles, propulsion, ...
1. Fixed full speed governor
Only one speed is governed. For applications such as gernerating sets, pumps, ...
10. Construction and function of governor
and control system
The governor consists mainly of two flywheights
and a set of springs which counteract the centrifugal force exerted by the flywheights.
The governor is direct assembled to the crankshaft – governor speed synchron with the engine
speed. The rotation drives the expends the flywheights => governor pin is pushed via lever
transmission till contacting the adjustable tappet
bolt of the control lever.
Through this lever the injection pump rack is
pushed towards idle / stop position. The control
lever pivots on the eccentric regulation shaft.
Due to the control lever pivoting on the eccentric
shaft the distance between tapped bolt and governor pin increases when the acceleration lever
is moved towards full load position.
- 62 -
TEST RUN, ADJUSTMENTS
A small tension spring assembled to the lever
system ensures that there is always contact
between the tapped bolt and the governor pin.
The fuel pump rack is controlled whenever the
engine is running.
More fuel means higher speed, i.e. the governor
pin is being pushed out further and pressed
against the tapped bolt, resulting in a movement
of the control lever / fuel pump rack towards the
idle position. Less fuel is injected and the speed
drops governor pin moves back and the complete governing loop starts again.
11. Governor setting
Each time the governor has been repaired and /
or the gear cover or speed control assy removed
and reassembled, the governor must be reset.
Procedure :
Remove the governor cover plate on the gear
housing. Crank the engine until the slot between
the governor flyweights is in vertical position.
Move the acceleration lever to full speed position. Bend up the lock plate and unscrew the
castle nut by holding the tapped bolt with a
screwdriver.
Screw out tapped bolt till tapped rests on control
lever. Insert a middle sized screwdriver inside
the flyweight slot. Impress the flyweights to
maximum opening !
Now screw in the tapped bolt until it just come in
contact with the governor pin => No play to be
felt when pushing onto the control lever with
your fingers. Release the flyweights and screw
in the tapped bolt ½ a turn further.
Maintain the tapped bolt in this position and
tighten the castle nut, bend the lock plate and
reassemble the cover plate.
The correct setting of the clearance between
tapped bolt and governor pin is essential for the
proper function of the engine. If the clearance is
too wide the engine can overspeed, is it too
small the engine will not reach ist full speed /
output.
- 63 -
TEST RUN, ADJUSTMENTS
12. Speed setting
To increase speed tighten the cross slotted nut
on the governor shaft. ( turn clockwise )..... To
reduce speed loosen the slotted nut ( turn anticlockwise ).
Procedure :
For correct speed setting the use of the governor adjustment tool is recommended ! Don’t use
other tools ( screwdriver, i.e. ) not to bend the
governor shaft. In all cases the slottesd nuts on
both sides of the governor weights have to be
resetted.
Remove fuel injection pump and fuel lines if
necessary. Turn flywheel that the slotted nut is
in front of the inj. pump bore.Insert the governor
tool and correct speed as required.
¼ of a turn => speed variation of 20 rpm !
Max possible speed variation approx. 100 rpm.
For larger speed change the governor springs
must be replaced. Replace the cross slotted
nuts whenever a nut has been unscrewed.
Every change in speed setting should be controlled on a test bench or – at least – with a
revolution counter.
Attention
The cross slotted nut must be at least flat with
the end of the governor shaft. Otherwise the
self securing effect of the nut is not working.
Normally the shaft should protrude ou of the
cross slotted nut.
- 64 -
TEST RUN, ADJUSTMENTS
13. Acceleration lever
The acceleration lever is fixed in ist position on
the eccentric shaft with a pin. The rachet plate
behind the lever is not fixed and only kept in
place by the M8 – thread lock nut.
As the rachet plate is used as a buffer for the
engine shut down, the correct position between
plate an lever is important. The lower edge of
the lever should leave one and a half notches
visible.
If more notches are visible the shut of the engine
may be hammered or – in badest case – it’s not
possible to stop the engine with the acceleration
lever. If no notch is visible, damages on the eccentric shaft and control lever may occur.
To re-locate the rachet plate loosen the lock nut,
hold acceleration lever and move the plate till
correct position. Tighten the lock nut holding the
acc. Lever, as otherwise the regulation linkage
will be bend.
- 65 -
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
7.
Electrical system
7.1
Flywheel – dynamo / Regulator
Operation:
The permanent magnets in the
magnet holder (1) on the flywheel side induce an alternating
voltage in the coils of the stator
(2): this voltage is proportional
to speed (RPMs). The alternating voltage is rectified in the
regulator (3) and continuously
regulated to approximately 14.2
- 14.5 V.
Connections to the Governor:
• 2x
• 1x
• 1x
yellow 
red

brown 
7.2
Function Tests:
Generator coils, input, interchangeable
Output, charging current
Charge control, Terminal 15, ignition
lock
Connection to earth is made via the assembly surface.
a) Alternating voltage at the coil output
Disconnect the connecting plug (4).
The voltage proportional to speed is measured on the two phases (2x black).
Set values: Graph A, "Idling Voltage without Governor Cut-Out"
b) Coils = single phase to earth
c) Charging current, governor output
Connect a suitable ammeter (Imax=30A) into the charging circuit (red cable).
The charging current depends on the speed and the state of the battery charge. Graph
B, “Charging Current”.
d) Charge control circuit
If the electrical system is intact, the charge control indicator must go out in the speed
range from 600-800 revolutions/min.
- 66 -
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
Operating Conditions:
− Permissible operating temperatures: -20 to 70°C (measured on the governor surface)
− An intact earth connection must exist between the governor and the engine, and also
between the governor and directly attached external construction (no painted or enamelled assembly surfaces).
7.3
Hazards / Causes of Failure
Battery wrongly poled
Battery is defective or discharged to
minimum
Battery is disconnected while the engine
is running (load shedding)
Charging with start aid cable when battery is defective or discharged to minimum
Load shedding when the start aid cable is
removed.
Welding work on the equipment (loosen
all plug connections and battery cables
beforehand)
Manual start with battery disconnected
Interruption of the earth connection between the governor housing and the engine


Damage to charging control circuit
Governor is destroyed in a short time.

Governor is destroyed in a short time.

Governor is destroyed in a short time.

Governor is destroyed in a short time.


Governor is destroyed in a short time.
Governor is destroyed over a long period.
- 67 -
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
7.4
12 V Flywheel – dynamo / regulator, GRAPHs
Idling Voltage without Governor
Graph A
35
30
25
20
U~ [V]
15
10
500
1000
1500
2000
n [1/min]
2500
3000
Charging Current
3500
Graph B
20
16
12
8
I [A]
4
0
500
1000
1500
2000
n [1/min]
- 68 -
2500
3000
3500
4000
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
7.5
WIRING DIAGRAMS
7.5.1 Diagram 1
- 69 -
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
- 70 -
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
7.5.2 DIAGRAM 2
- 71 -
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
7.5.3 DIAGRAM 3
- 72 -
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
7.5.4 DIAGRAM 4
- 73 -
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
7.5.5 DIAGRAM 5
- 74 -
TROUBLESHOOTING
8.
TROUBLESHOOTING
This section aims to suggest possible causes and remedies for faults. Please note that this
list can never be complete. Whenever there is a fault, the guiding principle should be:
“Think Before You Act”.
8.1
Engine will not start
Reason
Causes
If the injection noise (rasping) No fuel in tank.
Acceleration lever at stop.
cannot be heard:
Vent valve in tank cap blocked.
Fuel supply failure - turn the
engine over by hand cranking, and listen for the characteristic rasping noise in the
injector.
If the rasping noise can be
heard:
Poor compression
Fill with fuel; no venting needed.
Set lever to full load
Renew cap
Fuel line blocked.
Fuel filter clogged.
Broken fuel line or leaking connections.
Vapor lock (fuel too hot).
Paraffin precipitation in fuel (in cold
seasons)
Check lines.
Renew filter.
Renew pipe / tighten connections.
Faulty injector nozzle.
Faulty injector pump.
Check / repair / renew nozzle.
Check / repair / renew pump.
Gasoline instead of diesel in tank.
Drain gasoline, flush and fill with
diesel.
Check intake system.
Change filter insert.
Air intake blocked.
Incorrect valve clearance.
Decompression device defective.
Leaky valves.
Valves sticking.
Leaky cylinder head/
cylinder head seal.
Difficult to crank start the
engine
Remedy
Cool the fuel.
Drain and flush system, renew fuel
filter. Use winter fuel.
Adjust valve clearance.
Check / renew decompression
device.
Check /repair / renew valves.
Free valves.
Tighten nuts / renew seal.
Piston rings stuck in grooves.
Worn cylinder and piston.
Check / free / renew the rings.
Overhaul the engine.
Starting load too high.
Lubricating oil too thick.
Bearings seized.
Piston seized.
Reduce load.
Change oil; use correct viscosity.
Overhaul engine.
Overhaul engine.
- 75 -
TROUBLESHOOTING
8.2
Engine starts but fires intermittently or dies
Poor fuel supply
Fuel filter choked.
Fuel line blocked.
Leaking fuel lines.
Water in fuel.
Faulty injector nozzle.
Faulty injector pump.
Renew filter.
Check lines.
Check lines / tighten connections.
Drain fuel, fill with clean diesel.
Check / repair / renew nozzle.
Check / repair / renew pump.
Poor compression
Incorrect valve clearance.
Worn valves.
Valves sticking.
Piston rings stuck in grooves.
Worn cylinder and piston.
Adjust valve clearance.
Overhaul cylinder head.
Free valves.
Check / free / renew rings.
Overhaul engine.
Faulty intake and exhaust
system
Restricted / blocked intake.
Check / clean / exchange intake
system.
Check / clean / exchange exhaust
system.
8.3
Restricted / blocked exhaust.
Poor engine performance and / or black smoke
Operating conditions
Engine overloaded.
Power reduction due to altitude,
and/or increased intake temperature has been ignored.
Reduce load. Fault search on
equipment.
Better operating conditions.
Poor fuel supply
Gasket under injector nozzle
missing, or too many installed.
Fuel filter blocked.
Faulty injector nozzle.
Faulty injector pump.
Install gasket / Correct number of
gaskets.
Renew filter.
Check / repair /renew nozzle.
Check / repair / renew pump.
Out of adjustment
Incorrect valve clearance.
Incorrect end of delivery.
Incorrect valve control timings.
Piston installed wrongly.
Adjust valve clearance.
Adjust end of delivery.
Check gear wheel setting mark.
Correct piston installation.
- 76 -
TROUBLESHOOTING
8.4
Poor engine performance and/or black smoke
Dirty engine
Dirty air filter.
Excessive oil carbon deposits on
piston and cylinder head.
Clean / renew filter.
Decoke components / change vent
valve.
General Engine Condition
Worn piston rings.
Worn piston and cylinder.
Worn bearing.
Renew rings / check air filter.
Overhaul engine.
Overhaul engine.
8.5
Imperfect operating behaviour
Oil level in crankcase is too high.
Faulty injector nozzle.
Reduce load.
Clean cooling fins.
Remove obstruction.
Improve cooling air flow (check
engine installation).
Drain to proper level.
Check / repair / renew nozzle.
Knocking Noises
Oil carbon deposits on piston.
Injector needle sticking.
Advanced ignition.
Broken piston rings.
Worn piston and cylinder.
Worn bearings.
Loose flywheel.
Gasoline mixture in tank.
Decoke.
Fit new nozzle.
Check/adjust end of delivery.
Fit new rings.
Overhaul engine.
Overhaul engine.
Tighten flywheel nut.
Change fuel.
Major fluctuations in speed
(RPMs)
Overheating.
Air in fuel.
Governor sticking or faulty.
See above.
Check the fuel system for leaks /
check the return line.
Check / repair / renew governor.
Fuel filter choked.
Regulating lever sticking or faulty.
Renew filter.
Check / renew.
Empty fuel tank.
Vent valve in tank cap is blocked.
Vapor lock (fuel too hot).
Choked injection nozzle.
Fill with fuel.
Renew tank cap.
Cool fuel.
Check / repair / renew nozzle.
Overheating
Engine stops suddenly.
Engine overloaded.
Cooling fins dirty.
Cool air intake obstructed.
Short circuit of cooling air.
- 77 -
TROUBLESHOOTING
8.5
Imperfect Operating Behaviour
Engine stops suddenly
Fuel pipe broken.
Seized piston.
Seized crankshaft bearing.
Renew pipe.
Renew piston and cylinder.
Repair / renew crankshaft and
bearings.
Blue smoke from engine
Oil level in oil bath air filter too
high.
Faulty vent valve in cylinder head.
Sealing ring damaged on intake
valve guide.
Worn valves / valve guide.
Worn piston / cylinder.
Fill to proper level.
White smoke from engine
Ignition too late.
Injector nozzle is worn.
Check / adjust end of delivery.
Renew nozzle.
Oil pressure warning light on
Oil pressure warning lamp is defective.
Oil level is too low.
Defective oil pressure switch.
Exchange warning lamp.
Measure oil level; if necessary, top
up oil.
Exchange.
Oil pressure is too low
Overpressure valve is defective.
Check, clean, exchange if necessary.
Check, clean, exchange if necessary.
Exchange.
Check, clean, exchange if necessary.
Dirty ball seat in overpressure
valve.
Oil filter is clogged.
Lubricating oil pump is faulty.
Cold starting problems
Renew valve.
Renew sealing ring.
Overhaul engine.
Renew.
Acceleration lever not at maximum
stop buffer.
Lubrication oil too thick.
Crank handle defective.
Adjust.
Paraffin precipitation in fuel.
Use winter fuel / and/or drain and
flush system.
Renew fuel filter.
- 78 -
Change to correct viscosity.
Check crank handle.
NOTES
- 79 -
NOTES
- 80 -
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