Tandberg Data 3509-LTO tape drive User guide

COPYRIGHT
© Copyright 2008 Tandberg Data ASA.
All rights reserved. This item and the information contained herein are the property
of Tandberg Data ASA. No part of this document may be reproduced, transmitted,
transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language or
computer language in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, or otherwise, without the express written
permission of Tandberg Data ASA, Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway.
DISCLAIMER: Tandberg Data Corporation makes no representation or warranties
with respect to the contents of this document and specifically disclaims any
implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. Further,
Tandberg Data Corporation reserves the right to revise this publication without
obligation of Tandberg Data Corporation to notify any person or organization of
such revision or changes.
TRADEMARK NOTICES: Tandberg Data Corporation trademarks: Tandberg
Data, Exabyte, the Exabyte Logo, EZ17, M2, SmartClean, VXA, and VXAtape are
registered trademarks; MammothTape is a trademark; SupportSuite is a service
mark. Other trademarks: Linear Tape-Open, LTO, the LTO Logo, Ultrium and
the Ultrium Logo are trademarks of HP, IBM, and Quantum in the US and other
countries. All other product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of
their respective owners.
Note: The most current information about this product
is available at Tandberg Data’s web site (http://
www.tandbergdata.com).
PART NUMBER
433867-01
2
LTO
HALF-HEIGHT
SCSI TAPE DRIVES
433867-01
Contents
..About this guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..Intended audience . . . . . . . .
..Document conventions and symbols
..Technical support . . . . . . . .
..Product warranties . . . . . . . .
1 ..Before you start
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VII
VII
VIII
VIII
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VII
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..Supported models . . . . . . . . . .
..Which operating systems are supported?
..How do I connect the drive to my server?
..Internal drives . . . . . . . . . .
..External drives . . . . . . . . . .
..Why is the SCSI bus type important? . .
..Your LTO tape drive . . . . . . . . .
..Power specifications . . . . . . . . .
..Usage models . . . . . . . . . . . .
..Other usage models . . . . . . .
..Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..Backup software . . . . . . . . . . .
..Enabling encryption (LTO-4 only) . .
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2 ..Installing an internal LTO tape drive . . . . . . . . .
..Check the internal drive’s SCSI ID . . . .
..Prepare mounting bay . . . . . . . . .
..Attach mounting hardware . . . . . . .
..Install drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..Attach power and SCSI cables . . . . .
..Where should the SCSI terminator be?
..Secure the drive . . . . . . . . . . . .
..Reboot the server . . . . . . . . . . .
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17
3 ..Installing an external LTO tape drive . . . . . . . . .
..Check the external drive’s SCSI ID . . . .
..Connect the SCSI cable . . . . . . . .
..Does the tape drive need a terminator?
..Connect the power cable . . . . . . . .
..Reboot the server . . . . . . . . . . .
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9
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14
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20
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22
23
24
25
25
26
27
28
28
4 ..Verify installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
5 ..Understanding the LEDs
31
JUNE 2008
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
#
3
..Front view of LTO tape drive with LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..Understanding LED sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 ..Operating your tape drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
..Loading a cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..Unloading a cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..Removing power from the drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 ..Use the correct media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..Cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..Cleaning cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..Data cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..WORM data cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..LTO–4 tape drives and encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..When should I use encryption? . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..How do I enable encryption? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..When will I be asked to enter the key? . . . . . . . . . . .
..What happens if I don’t remember the key? . . . . . . . . .
..Does encryption affect tape drive performance? . . . . . . .
..Does the tape drive encrypt media in an earlier Ultrium format?
..Where can I get more information? . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..Write protecting cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..Cleaning the tape drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..Handling cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..Operating and storage environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8 ..Troubleshooting
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..Index
4
LTO
HALF-HEIGHT
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SCSI TAPE DRIVES
37
37
37
38
38
39
39
39
39
39
40
40
40
41
41
42
43
A ..SCSI configuration guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..SCSI in LTO devices . . . . . . .
..Daisy chaining devices . . . .
..SCSI terminology . . . . . . . .
..Setting up the SCSI bus . . . . .
..SCSI ID numbers . . . . . .
..Identifying SCSI IDs . . . . . . .
..Setting the SCSI ID on LTO drives .
..SCSI termination . . . . . . . .
..Internal drives . . . . . . . .
..External drives . . . . . . . .
..SCSI cables . . . . . . . . . .
..Cable length . . . . . . . . .
..Cable quality . . . . . . . .
..With internal devices . . .
..With external devices . . .
..Note on SE and LVD interfaces
35
36
36
37
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..General Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..Optimizing performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..Is the tape drive on a dedicated SCSI bus? . . . . . . . . .
..Can your system deliver the required performance? . . . . .
..Problems with cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..The cartridge is jammed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..The drive will not accept the cartridge (or ejects it immediately)
31
31
43
44
45
45
46
47
47
49
49
49
50
50
50
51
51
51
52
52
54
54
54
54
55
55
57
433867-01
Figures
JUNE 2008
Figure 1-1
Front view of half-height LTO external tape drive . . . . . .
12
Figure 1-2
Usage model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Figure 2-1
Checking the SCSI ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Figure 2-2
Attaching mounting rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Figure 2-3
Attaching locating screws
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Figure 2-4
Installing tape drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Figure 2-5
Connecting power and SCSI cables . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Figure 2-6
Securing drive, mounting hardware used . . . . . . . . . .
23
Figure 2-7
Securing drive, no mounting hardware used . . . . . . . .
24
Figure 3-1
Setting the SCSI ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
Figure 3-2
Connecting the SCSI cable
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
Figure 3-3
Connecting the power cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
Figure 5-1
Front view of external tape drive
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
Figure 6-1
Inserting a cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
Figure 6-2
Ejecting a cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
Figure 7-1
Write protecting a cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
Figure A-1
SCSI termination in internal drives
. . . . . . . . . . . .
52
Figure A-2
SCSI termination on a single LTO tape drive . . . . . . . .
53
Figure A-3
SCSI termination in daisy-chained external drives . . . . . .
54
#
5
Tables
JUNE 2008
Table 1
Table 1-1
Document conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supported SCSI bus types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VII
11
Table 1-2
Recommended usage models
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Table 5-1
LED sequences
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
Table 5-2
Rear panel LED sequences (external tape drives only)
Table 7-1
Data cartridge compatibility
Table 8-1
. . .
34
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
Environmental specifications for LTO tape drives . . . . . .
43
#
6
ABOUT
THIS GUIDE
This guide provides information about:
Installing the LTO SCSI tape drive
Using the LTO SCSI tape drive
Troubleshooting the LTO SCSI tape drive
INTENDED
AUDIENCE
This guide is intended for users who install, operate and maintain the
LTO tape drive.
DOCUMENT
CONVENTIONS AND SYMBOLS
Table 1 Document conventions
Convention
Element
Blue text: Table
1 on page VII
Cross-reference links and e-mail addresses
Blue, underlined
text: http://
www.tandbergdata.com
website addresses
Bold text
Italic text
Monospace, italic
text
Monospace, bold text
JUNE 2008
Keys that are pressed
Text typed into a GUI element, such as
a box
GUI elements that are clicked or
selected, such as menu and list items,
buttons, tabs, and check boxes
Text emphasis
Monospace text
!
File and directory names
System output
Code
Commands, their arguments, and
argument values
Code variables
Command variables
Emphasized monospace text
Warning
Indicates that failure to follow directions could result
in bodily harm or death.
Caution
Indicates that failure to follow directions could result
in damage to equipment or data.
Important Provides clarifying information or specific
instructions.
#
VII
ABOUT
THIS GUIDE
Note: Provides additional information.
TECHNICAL
SUPPORT
For worldwide technical support information, see http://
www.tandbergdata.com.
Before contacting support, collect the following information:
Product model names and numbers
Technical support registration number (if applicable)
Product serial numbers
Error messages
Operating system type and revision level
Detailed questions
PRODUCT
WARRANTIES
For information about product warranties, see http://www.tandberg
data.com.
VIII
LTO
HALF-HEIGHT
SCSI TAPE DRIVES
433867-01
1
BEFORE
YOU START
In this chapter:
“Supported models” on page 9
“Which operating systems are supported?” on page 9
“How do I connect the drive to my server?” on page 9
“Why is the SCSI bus type important?” on page 10
“Your LTO tape drive” on page 12
“Power specifications” on page 12
“Usage models” on page 12
“Drivers” on page 14
“Backup software” on page 15
SUPPORTED
MODELS
This guide describes how to install and operate the following LTO tape
drive models:
LTO-4 internal and external tape drives
LTO-3 internal and external tape drives
LTO-2 internal and external tape drives
For a detailed product specification, please refer to http://
www.tandbergdata.com.
WHICH
OPERATING SYSTEMS ARE SUPPORTED?
LTO tape drives can be connected to servers running under
Windows®, Linux and other major operating systems. Refer to
http://www.tandbergdata.com for the most recent information about the
operating system versions that are supported.
HOW
DO
I CONNECT
THE DRIVE TO MY SERVER?
The following guidelines apply:
JUNE 2008
#
9
CHAPTER 1–BEFORE
YOU START
You will need a properly installed and configured SCSI host bus adapter
(HBA) or a built-in SCSI controller on your server and a suitably-rated
SCSI cable. See also “Why is the SCSI bus type important?” on page 10.
For optimum performance the drive should be the only device on the
SCSI bus.
Always terminate the SCSI bus. LTO internal tape drives require
terminators; external drives are auto terminating, as long as they are on
a dedicated SCSI bus or the last device on a chain.
Do not attach the drive to the same SCSI bus as your disk drive or to
a RAID controller (unless you are connecting to a server with a Smart
Array 6i RAID controller).
Note: Always refer to http://www.tandbergdata.com to ensure
that you are connecting to a supported HBA running the
recommended firmware version.
Internal drives
The tape drive is installed into a spare drive bay in your server and is
attached to the SCSI bus of the host server. Use an LVD-compatible ribbon
cable to connect the tape drive to a spare 68-pin, high density (HD), wide
SCSI connector on the host server. The cable must be terminated. Refer
to http://www.tandbergdata.com for supported products.
You need one industry-standard, 5¼-inch, half-height bay in which to install
the LTO tape drive. Different models of server require different mounting
methods. Refer to your server documentation for detailed information.
External drives
A 68-pin, wide, VHD-to-HD SCSI cable is required to attach the tape drive
to the host server. See also “Installing an external tape drive” on page 25.
Check the usage models in “Usage models” on page 12. This shows how
the LTO tape drive can be used in different system architectures.
See also “Installing an external tape drive” on page 25.
WHY
IS THE
SCSI
BUS TYPE IMPORTANT?
The SCSI bus type determines the speed at which data can be transferred
between devices on the bus and the maximum length of cable that can
be used. LTO-4 and LTO-3 drives support a burst transfer rate of 320
MB/sec. LTO-2 drives support a burst transfer rate of 160 MB/sec. To
benefit from this level of performance, it is important to ensure that the
drives are connected to a SCSI bus of a similar or higher specification.
This means that you need:
An Ultra320 bus for LTO-4 and LTO-3 drives. An Ultra160 or
Ultra320 SCSI bus for LTO-2 drives. If you attach the drive to a lower
specification SCSI bus, it may still work but data will not be transferred
as quickly.
LVD-rated SCSI cabling and terminators. The LVD interface enables
the data to be transferred at the drive’s maximum rate.
10
LTO
HALF-HEIGHT
SCSI TAPE DRIVES
433867-01
WHY
IS THE
SCSI
BUS TYPE IMPORTANT?
Table 1-1 Supported SCSI bus types
SCSI Bus Type
Supported
Ultra320 LVD
Yes. This is a recommended configuration for all
LTO tape drives.
Do not daisy chain LTO–4 or LTO–3 tape drives
because performance may be degraded. Do not
daisy chain LTO-2 tape drives with Ultra320 devices.
Ultra160 LVD
Yes. This is a recommended configuration for LTO-2
tape drives. It is an acceptable configuration for
LTO-4 and LTO–3 tape drives.
Up to two LTO-2 tape drives may be daisy-chained.
Do not daisy-chain LTO-4 or LTO–3 tape drives.
Ultra2 LVD
Yes. This is acceptable for one LTO-2 drive per bus.
Do not use with LTO-4 or LTO–3 tape drives and do
not daisy-chain LTO-2 tape drives.
Ultra wide LVD
These are not recommended configurations
and single-ended because they will restrict performance.
JUNE 2008
Ultra narrow,
single-ended
No. This will severely restrict performance and you
will need a suitable cable or adapter.
High Voltage
Differential
No. The drive will not work and you may damage
the drive or controller.
#
11
CHAPTER 1–BEFORE
YOU START
YOUR LTO
TAPE DRIVE
1. Cassette door
5. Drive LED
2. On/Off switch (external drives
only)
6. Ready LED
3. Clean LED
7. Eject button
4. Tape LED
Figure 1-1 Front view of half-height LTO external tape drive
POWER
SPECIFICATIONS
Caution
Never use a cable where power is supplied through
the SAS connector because this may damage the
drive. For internal drives, always use a spare power
cable from the server’s internal power supply to the
conventional power connector on the drive itself.
For a detailed product specification, please refer to
http://www.tandbergdata.com.
nl
USAGE
MODELS
LTO tape drives can be used in a standalone or network environment.
However, they should always be directly attached to suitably-rated SCSI
connector on the storage server.
12
LTO
HALF-HEIGHT
SCSI TAPE DRIVES
433867-01
USAGE
A
Server
B
Tape drive
MODELS
Figure 1-2 Usage model
The following table shows the recommended usage models and
“Optimizing performance” on page 44 provides further information about
factors that can affect performance.
JUNE 2008
#
13
CHAPTER 1–BEFORE
YOU START
Table 1-2 Recommended usage models
Direct Attach,
single storage
server
Across the Network,
single storage server, multiple
clients
LTO-4
Recommended
Not recommended
LTO-3
Recommended
Not recommended
LTO-2
Recommended
Recommended, anything less than
Gigabit Ethernet may limit performance
A RAID disk subsystem is recommended for all usage models.
A single spindle disk will not be able to deliver good data throughput for
an LTO-4 or LTO–3 tape drive at any compression ratio. To maximize
the capability of your LTO-4 or LTO–3 tape drive, utilize aggregated disk
sources (RAID) with multiple disk spindles.
A single spindle disk, particularly a fast disk such as a 15K RPM drive, will
be sufficient for LTO-2 tape drives, but be aware of other factors that can
affect performance—such as, compressibility of data, disk fragmentation
and the number of files. See also “Optimizing performance” on page 44.
Other usage models
The tape drive may work with other usage models, such as network attach
storage (NAS) and storage area networks (SAN), but there is currently no
technical support for installing and using standalone LTO tape drives with
these architectures. Similarly, connection to fibre channel may be possible,
if you purchase and install a fibre channel/SCSI bridge, but it is not
currently a supported option. Please check http://www.tandbergdata.com
for the latest supported configurations.
DRIVERS
The manufacturer’s Tape driver is suitable for use in most applications, but
refer also to the documentation of your software application to ensure you
are using the recommended driver.
On Windows systems, we strongly recommend that you use the installer
package supplied by your manufacturer to install the drivers. Updates to the
drivers may be provided from time to time on http://www.tandbergdata.com.
We recommend that these are installed after using the installer package.
On Linux and UNIX operating systems, drivers are included with the
operating system and should be loaded automatically. To upgrade drivers
we recommend that you patch to the latest version of the operating system.
14
LTO
HALF-HEIGHT
SCSI TAPE DRIVES
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BACKUP
BACKUP
SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE
For optimum performance it is important to use a backup application
that is appropriate for your system’s configuration. In a direct attach
configuration, where the tape drive is attached to a standalone server, you
can use backup software that is designed for a single server environment.
In network configurations you will need backup software that supports
enterprise environments.
Further details about suitable products can be found on
http://www.tandbergdata.com. It is important to check for software
compatibility and install any recommended upgrades.
Note: Certain backup applications require you to use their own
Tape driver instead of the manufacturer’s Tape driver.
Enabling encryption (LTO-4 only)
Your LTO–4 tape drive includes hardware capable of performing data
encryption while writing and data decryption while reading, both at
full speed. This is only possible with Ultrium 1.6 TB media. See also
“LTO-4 tape drives and encryption” on page 38.
If you wish to make use of the encryption capability, you must enable this
feature via the backup software application. Refer to your supplier to find
out which applications support this advanced data protection capability.
JUNE 2008
#
15
CHAPTER 1–BEFORE
YOU START
NOTES
16
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2
INSTALLING
AN INTERNAL LTO
TAPE DRIVE
If you are installing an external LTO tape drive, please refer to
“Installing an external tape drive” on page 25.
Note: Always refer to http://www.tandbergdata.com to find
out which HBAs and cables are appropriate for your
combination of server and tape drive.
In this chapter:
“Check the internal drive's SCSI ID” on page 17
“Prepare mounting bay” on page 18
“Attach mounting hardware” on page 19
“Install drive” on page 20
“Attach power and SCSI cables” on page 21
“Secure the drive” on page 23
“Reboot the server” on page 24
CHECK
THE INTERNAL DRIVE’S
SCSI ID
Your LTO tape drive is shipped with a default SCSI ID of 2. Each device
on the SCSI bus must have a unique SCSI ID number. The drive can
be assigned any unused ID between 0 and 15. Do not use SCSI ID 7,
which is reserved for the SCSI controller. SCSI ID 0 is typically assigned
to the boot disk and should also not be used unless the tape drive is on a
dedicated SCSI bus.
Caution
JUNE 2008
Static electricity can damage electronic
components. Always wear an antistatic wriststrap
if possible. If not, to equalize the electromagnetic
charges, touch a bare metal part of the server (such
as the back plate) before you remove the tape drive
from its bag.
#
17
CHAPTER 2–INSTALLING
AN INTERNAL
LTO
TAPE DRIVE
Figure 2-1 Checking the SCSI ID
1.
Determine whether you need to change the SCSI ID from the default
of 2.
2.
Change the tape drive’s SCSI ID, if necessary.
The SCSI ID is set using jumpers on a set of pins at the rear of the
drive, as shown in Figure 2-1. Use tweezers or small pliers to move
the jumpers to the pattern corresponding to the ID you want. Spare
jumpers are provided with the drive.
PREPARE
MOUNTING BAY
You need one industry-standard, 5¼-inch, half-height bay in which to
install the LTO tape drive.
1.
Warning
To avoid personal injury or damage to the server or
tape drive, ensure that the server is disconnected
from the mains power supply while you install the
drive.
Caution
Static electricity can damage electronic
components. Always wear an antistatic wriststrap if
one is available. If not, after you have disconnected
power from the server and removed the cover, touch
a bare metal part of the chassis. Similarly, touch a
bare metal part of the drive before installing it.
Assemble the necessary tools and materials:
Phillips screwdriver
Flat-bladed screwdriver (if your server uses slotted screws)
Torx screwdriver (if your server uses torx screws)
Your server manuals (for reference during installation)
18
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ATTACH
MOUNTING HARDWARE
2.
Perform a normal system shutdown and turn off the server and any
connected peripherals.
3.
Remove the cover and front panel from the server, as detailed in your
server’s documentation.
As you work inside the server, you may have to disconnect other
signal cables or power cables from other devices to maneuver the new
drive into place. If you have to do this, make a note of their position
and connections so you can put them back correctly later.
Note: The server must provide forced cooling and be
capable of drawing 6 cfm (0.17 m3/minute or 10.08
m3/hour) of air through the tape drive at up to 40° C
ambient operation. This reduces to 4 cfm at 35° C
ambient operation. Ensure that empty bays have the
appropriate blanking plates installed so that airflow
is maintained.
4.
Remove the filler panel from a spare 5¼-inch bay of your server, as
described in your server’s documentation. With some servers, you
must also remove the half-height device divider.
5.
You are now ready to install your tape drive.
ATTACH
MOUNTING HARDWARE
If your server requires special rails or other hardware to install the tape
drive, mount them on the tape drive now.
If your server does not require special mounting hardware, proceed to
“Install drive” on page 20 now.
Please check your server documentation to ascertain the correct method
of mounting, and to check whether mounting hardware is provided with the
server or must be purchased separately.
Caution
The LTO half-height drive only allows 3 mm of the
engagement of the screw into the drive. If you
remove an existing drive, do not assume the screws
that you remove are the correct length for your
new LTO drive. Always use 3 mm screws and use
washers or shims to tighten, if necessary.
Different models of server require different mounting methods. Always refer
to your server documentation for details. The following diagrams illustrate
common mounting methods. If mounting hardware is supplied with your
tape drive, it may not be exactly the same as shown in the illustrations.
JUNE 2008
#
19
CHAPTER 2–INSTALLING
AN INTERNAL
LTO
TAPE DRIVE
Figure 2-2 Attaching mounting rails
1. M3 mounting screws
2. M3 offset mounting screws
Figure 2-3 Attaching locating screws
INSTALL
DRIVE
Note: If cable access for the tape drive bay is awkward, it may
be easier to access power and other connections if the
tape drive is installed in the top bay. You may need to
move other devices to lower bays to achieve this. Refer
also to your server documentation.
Slide the tape drive into the open bay, aligning the tray or rails with the
slots in the bay, as shown in Figure 2-4 on page 21.
20
LTO
HALF-HEIGHT
SCSI TAPE DRIVES
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ATTACH
POWER AND
SCSI
CABLES
Figure 2-4 Installing tape drive
Note: The illustration shows a server that uses mounting rails.
If your server does not use mounting hardware, check
that the holes in the chassis are aligned with the holes in
the side of the tape drive.
Do not secure the drive at this point because you may have to move the
drive to get the cables into place.
ATTACH
POWER AND
SCSI
CABLES
To support the high performance of the tape drive it is important that you
connect to a recommended SCSI bus and use a suitably-rated SCSI cable,
see Why is the SCSI bus type important?.
JUNE 2008
1.
Check your server or HBA documentation to ensure that the SCSI bus
and cabling supports the tape drive’s bus speeds: Ultra320 for LTO–4
and LTO–3 tape drives, Ultra160 for LTO–2 tape drives.
2.
Attach the SCSI ribbon cable supplied with the tape drive to the SCSI
host bus adapter and connect it to the SCSI connector of the drive,
as shown in Figure 2-5.
3.
Attach a spare power cable from the server’s internal power supply to
the power connector, as shown in Figure 2-5.
4.
Attach a spare connector on the server’s built-in SCSI bus or HBA’s
SCSI ribbon cable to the SCSI connector of the drive, as shown in
Figure 2-5.
#
21
CHAPTER 2–INSTALLING
AN INTERNAL
5.
LTO
TAPE DRIVE
If the drive is the last device on the SCSI chain, make sure that the
SCSI cable is terminated correctly.
Daisy-chaining two devices is not recommended. If you do so, do not
mix drive families (only daisy-chain with other LTO tape drives) and do
not daisy chain any Ultra320 devices. See also Table 2, “Supported
SCSI bus types.”
1 and 7
terminated SCSI cable
2 and 4
power cable
3
tape drive
5
server’s power supply
6
SCSI controller
Figure 2-5 Connecting power and SCSI cables
Where should the SCSI terminator be?
Termination must be present at two and ONLY two positions on the SCSI
bus—at the beginning of the SCSI bus and at the end of the SCSI bus.
22
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SECURE
THE DRIVE
Termination is normally enabled by default on the HBA and most internal
SCSI cables have a terminator attached. This will usually be a small,
rectangular block of plastic attached to the cable end and marked ‘SCSI
Terminator’.
Therefore, assuming the HBA is the first device on the bus, you should
check that the second terminator is placed after the last device, as shown
in Figure 2-5, item 1.
SECURE
THE DRIVE
1.
Secure the drive, as described in your server documentation. The
following diagrams are examples only.
1
Plastic rail
2
Server latch
Figure 2-6 Securing drive, mounting hardware used
JUNE 2008
#
23
CHAPTER 2–INSTALLING
AN INTERNAL
1
LTO
TAPE DRIVE
M3 screws
Figure 2-7 Securing drive, no mounting hardware used
Note: Use 3 mm screws and, if you cannot
tighten the screws, use washers to secure
them.
2.
REBOOT
Ensure blanking plates are in place over empty bays and replace the
cover on the server.
THE SERVER
Reboot the server to power up the tape drive and server.
Watch the boot screen carefully after installation. If there are any error or
unexpected messages go back and check the SAS cabling carefully.
Have you reconnected all devices securely?
If this does not resolve the problem, refer to “Troubleshooting” on page 43
for further guidelines.
24
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HALF-HEIGHT
SCSI TAPE DRIVES
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3
INSTALLING
AN EXTERNAL LTO
TAPE DRIVE
If you are installing an internal LTO tape drive, please refer to
“Installing an internal tape drive ” on page 17.
In this chapter:
“Check the external drive's SCSI ID” on page 25
“Connect the SCSI cable” on page 26
“Connect the power cable” on page 28
“Reboot the server ” on page 28
CHECK
THE EXTERNAL DRIVE’S
SCSI ID
Your LTO tape drive is shipped with a default SCSI ID of 2. Each device
on the SCSI bus must have an unique SCSI ID number. The drive can
be assigned any unused ID between 0 and 15. Do not use SCSI ID 7,
which is reserved for the SCSI controller. SCSI ID 0 is typically assigned
to the boot disk and should also not be used unless the tape drive is on a
dedicated SCSI bus.
JUNE 2008
#
25
CHAPTER 3–INSTALLING
AN EXTERNAL
LTO
TAPE DRIVE
1. SCSI ID switch
Figure 3-1 Setting the SCSI ID
1.
Determine whether you need to change the SCSI ID from the default
of 2.
2.
Change the tape drive’s SCSI ID, if necessary.
Use a small screwdriver or a ball-point pen to press the indented
SCSI ID selector buttons on the rear panel (see Figure 3-2) until the
required value is displayed. Do not use a pencil because small bits of
graphite could contaminate the drive.
Note: The server and the tape drive SCSI IDs
are only checked at power-on. To change
the SCSI ID after installation, power
down both the server and the tape drive,
change the drive’s SCSI ID, power up the
tape drive, and then power up the server.
CONNECT
THE
SCSI
CABLE
A 68-pin, wide VHD-to-HD SCSI cable is required to connect your LTO
tape drive to a VHD SCSI port on an LVD SCSI bus. If your server has
an HD SCSI port, you must either purchase and install a VHD-to-HD
adapter or use an HD-to-HD cable instead of the supplied cable. Refer to
http://www.tandbergdata.com for recommended products.
Caution
26
LTO
HALF-HEIGHT
SCSI TAPE DRIVES
To avoid damaging the computer or tape drive,
ensure that both are powered off while you attach
the SCSI cable.
433867-01
CONNECT
THE
SCSI
CABLE
1.
Make sure you are connecting to a recommended SCSI bus
type. For optimum performance your tape drive should only be
connected to a SCSI bus that can transfer data at a rate that
supports the tape drive’s maximum burst transfer speed. LTO–3
tape drives should be connected to an Ultra320 SCSI bus, LTO-2
tape drives may be connected to an Ultra160 SCSI bus. See also
“Why is the SCSI bus type important?” on page 10. Do not connect
the tape drive to a single-ended SCSI bus or to a RAID controller.
For optimum performance, we recommend that your LTO tape drive
is installed on a dedicated SCSI bus. If it is not, do not connect it to
the same bus as your disk drive.
2.
Perform a normal system shutdown and turn off the server and any
connected peripherals.
3.
Attach the VHD connection on the SCSI cable to the server’s external
SCSI connector and secure it by tightening the screws.
1
Act TERM LED
2
Fan/Power LED
Figure 3-2 Connecting the SCSI cable
4.
Attach the HD connection on the SCSI cable to the SCSI-IN connector
on the rear panel of the tape drive and secure it by tightening the
screws. (See Figure 3-2.) Do not connect the cable to the SCSI-OUT
connector.
5.
The SCSI-OUT connector is only used when daisy-chaining two
devices. This is not recommended. If you do so, do not mix drive
families (only daisy-chain with other LTO tape drives) and do not daisy
chain Ultra320 tape drives.
Does the tape drive need a terminator?
If the tape drive is on a dedicated SCSI bus, it does not require a
terminator. When the cable is connected to the SCSI-IN connector, the
enclosure provides active termination.
If it is not the only device on the SCSI bus, you must make sure that the
SCSI bus is terminated. You can do this in two ways:
Place the tape drive at the end of the chain and attach the HD
connection on the SCSI cable to the SCSI-IN connector; the enclosure
provides active termination.
JUNE 2008
#
27
CHAPTER 3–INSTALLING
AN EXTERNAL
LTO
TAPE DRIVE
Attach the HD connection on the SCSI cable to the SCSI-IN connector
and use the SCSI-OUT connector on the tape drive to connect to the
next device in the chain. Make sure that the last device in the chain is
terminated with an LVD multimode terminator
CONNECT
THE POWER CABLE
1.
Plug the power cable securely into the socket on the rear panel of
the drive.
2.
Plug the other end of the power cable into the power outlet. The power
on/off switch is on the front panel, see Figure 3-3.
1
Power cable
2
Power on/off switch
Figure 3-3 Connecting the power cable
REBOOT
THE SERVER
Switch on the tape drive and power up the server. The power on/off switch
is on the front panel.
Watch the boot screen carefully after installation. If there are any error or
unexpected messages go back and check the cabling carefully.
If this does not resolve the problem, refer to “Troubleshooting” on page 43
for further guidelines.
28
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4
VERIFY
INSTALLATION
Once you have installed the drive hardware, check that drivers have been
installed correctly and you have the correct version of backup software,
and verify that the tape drive is functioning properly before you store
your valuable data.
1.
Switch on the drive and the server.
2.
The tape drive will run its hardware self-test, which takes about 5
seconds. If self-test passes, the green Ready LED flashes and then
shows steady green. If the test fails, the Drive Error and Tape Error
LEDs flash, while the Ready and Clean LEDs are off. This continues
until the drive is reset. See “understanding LEDs” on page 31 for more
information about front panel lights.
Installing drivers (Windows)
We recommend that you download the latest driver from
http://www.tandbergdata.com before installation. When the
Windows Found New Hardware wizard runs, follow the on-screen
instructions to install drivers from the download location.
Installing drivers (other operating systems)
Drivers are included with the operating system and should be
loaded automatically. To upgrade drivers we recommend that you
patch to the latest version of the operating system.
Note: Certain backup applications require you
to use their own Tape driver instead of the
manufacturer’s Tape driver.
3.
Verify that the tape drive installation was successful.
4.
For all operating systems ensure that you have downloaded
any upgrades necessary for your backup application. Check
http://www.tandbergdata.com for software compatibility and install any
recommended upgrades.
5.
Carry out a backup and restore test to check that the drive can write
data to tape. Use a blank cartridge.
Native backup applications can be used to check basic tape drive
operation, but they will not support all the advanced features of your
tape drive. We recommend that you upgrade your software application
before running this test.
JUNE 2008
#
29
CHAPTER 4–VERIFY
INSTALLATION
NOTES
30
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5
UNDERSTANDING THE LEDS
In this chapter:
“Front view of LTO tape drive with LEDs” on page 31
“Understanding LED sequences” on page 31
FRONT
VIEW OF
LTO
TAPE DRIVE WITH
LEDS
1. Cassette door
5. Drive LED
2. On/Off switch (external drives
only)
6. Ready LED
3. Clean LED
7. Eject button
4. Tape LED
Figure 5-1 Front view of external tape drive
UNDERSTANDING LED
SEQUENCES
The meaning of different patterns of LEDs is as follows:
JUNE 2008
#
31
CHAPTER 5–UNDERSTANDING
THE
LEDS
Table 5-1 LED sequences
LED Sequence
All LEDs OFF.
Cause
Make sure the drive is
switched on. The power
on/off switch on an external
drive incorporates a green
LED.
Check the power cable
Drive may not have connection and replace
power, may be
the cable if necessary. On
faulty or may have external drives, you can use
been power cycled the power cable from your
monitor or another device to
or reset during a
check that the connection is
firmware upgrade.
working.
If the power supply is present
and all LEDs remain off,
power cycle or reset the
drive. If it still fails, call for
service.
Ready and Clean
OFF. Drive and
Tape FLASH.
The drive has
failed to execute
power-on self test
(POST).
Power cycle or reset the
drive.
If the error condition
reappears, call for service.
Ready is ON.
The drive is ready
for operation.
None. This is normal.
The drive is
carrying out a
Ready FLASHES. normal activity
(read, write).
Ready FLASHES
fast.
Ready is OFF,
others are ON.
Clean FLASHES.
32
LTO
Action required
HALF-HEIGHT
SCSI TAPE DRIVES
None.
If the drive is upgrading
firmware, do not reset or
power cycle it.
The drive is
downloading
firmware.
None.
Do not reset or power cycle
the drive.
Firmware is being
reprogrammed.
None.
Do not reset or power cycle
the drive.
The drive requires
cleaning.
Load the LTO cleaning
cartridge. See “Cleaning
cartridges” on page 37 for
supported cartridges and
instructions.
If the Clean LED is still
flashing when you load a
new or known good data
cartridge after cleaning, call
for service.
433867-01
UNDERSTANDING LED
Cause
Action required
Cleaning is in
progress.
None. The cleaning cartridge
will eject on completion.
The cleaning cycle can take
up to 5 minutes to complete.
The drive believes
the current tape
or the tape just
ejected is faulty.
Unload the tape cartridge.
Make sure that you are using
the correct format cartridge;
an LTO data cartridge or
LTO Universal Cleaning
Cartridge. (See “Use the
correct media” on page 37.)
Reload the cartridge. If the
Tape LED still flashes or
starts flashing during the next
backup, load a new or known
good cartridge.
If the Tape LED is now off,
discard the ’suspect’ tape
cartridge. If it is still on, call
for service.
The tape cartridge
memory (CM) may
be faulty.
Write-protect the cartridge
by sliding the switch
on the tape cartridge,
see “Write protecting
cartridges” on page 40.
The tape can be loaded and
the data read. Once the data
is recovered, the cartridge
must be discarded.
Drive FLASHES.
The drive
mechanism has
detected an error.
Load a new cartridge. If the
error persists, power cycle or
reset the drive.
If the Drive LED remains on,
call for service.
Drive, Tape and
Ready FLASH.
Insert a cartridge to clear
There is a firmware the LED sequence. If the
download problem. condition persists, call for
service.
LED Sequence
Ready FLASHES
and Clean is ON.
Tape FLASHES.
The tape
is ejected
immediately
and Tape
FLASHES, or
Drive FLASHES
on unloading
tape.
Drive and Ready
ON with Tape
and Clean
OFF. Alternates
repeatedly.
JUNE 2008
SEQUENCES
The drive has a
firmware error.
Power cycle or reset the
drive.
Upgrade the firmware. If the
condition persists, call for
service.
#
33
CHAPTER 5–UNDERSTANDING
THE
LEDS
Table 5-2 Rear panel LED sequences (external tape drives only)
Cause
Action required
The Act TERM
LED is OFF.
The enclosure
is not providing
auto-termination.
Check that the drive’s SCSI
cable is connected to the
SCSI-IN connector. Check
whether a terminator or other
SCSI cable is plugged into
the SCSI-OUT connector. If
a terminator is connected,
remove it. If another SCSI
cable is connected, make
sure that the SCSI chain is
terminated at the last device.
The Fan/PWR
LED is amber.
There has been an
enclosure failure
or the cooling
fan is not working
correctly.
Call for service.
LED Sequence
Note:
For the location of rear panel LEDs, see Figure 3-2 on page 27.
34
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6
OPERATING YOUR TAPE DRIVE
In this chapter:
“Loading a cartridge” on page 35
“Unloading a cartridge” on page 36
“Removing power from the drive” on page 36
LOADING
A CARTRIDGE
1. Arrow indicates leading direction 2. Cartridge door
3. Label area
4. Ready LED
Figure 6-1 Inserting a cartridge
JUNE 2008
1.
Lift the cartridge door and insert the cartridge into the slot in the front
of the drive with the white arrow uppermost and facing the drive door.
2.
Apply gentle pressure until the drive takes the cartridge and loads it.
#
35
CHAPTER 6–OPERATING
YOUR TAPE DRIVE
3.
The Ready light flashes green while the drive performs its load
sequence. When the cartridge is loaded, the Ready light shows
steady green.
UNLOADING
A CARTRIDGE
Caution
1.
Never try to remove a cartridge before it is fully
ejected.
Press the Eject button on the front panel.
1. Eject button
Figure 6-2 Ejecting a cartridge
2.
The drive will complete its current task, rewind the tape to the
beginning, and eject the cartridge. The rewind process may take up
to 10 minutes. The Ready light will flash to indicate that the unload
is still in progress.
REMOVING
POWER FROM THE DRIVE
To ensure reliable operation, do not remove power from the drive during
read, write, fast-search, load and unload activities. Do not remove power
during a firmware upgrade.
36
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7
USE THE CORRECT MEDIA
For best performance we recommend branded media. See
http://www.tandbergdata.com for recommended products.
In this chapter:
“Cartridges” on page 37
“WORM data cartridges” on page 38
“LTO-4 tape drives and encryption” on page 38
“Write protecting cartridges” on page 40
“Cleaning the tape drive” on page 41
“Handling cartridges” on page 41
“Operating and storage environment” on page 42
CARTRIDGES
Cleaning cartridges
The recommended cleaning cartridges is the Ultrium Universal Cleaning
Cartridge. This cleaning cartridge is designed to work with any LTO drive.
It may be used for up to 50 cleans.
Data cartridges
LTO tape drives use Ultrium tape cartridges. These are single-reel
cartridges that match your drive’s format and are optimized for high
capacity, throughput and reliability. Compatible media can be recognized
by the LTO logo, which is the same as the logo on the front of your drive.
Do not use other format cartridges in your tape drive and do not use
Ultrium cartridges in other format tape drives.
For optimum performance always use a data cartridge that matches the
specification of your tape drive, (see Table 7-1 on page 38). A lower
specification will have a lower transfer speed and may not support
write activities; a higher specification will not support read or write. We
recommend:
We recommend Ultrium 1.6 TB* RW and LTO 1.6 TB* WORM tape
cartridges for use with LTO–4 tape drives.
JUNE 2008
#
37
CHAPTER 7–USE
THE CORRECT MEDIA
We recommend Ultrium 800 GB* RW and LTO Ultrium GB* WORM
tape cartridges for use with LTO–3 tape drives.
We recommend Ultrium 400 GB* RW tape cartridges for use with
LTO-2 tape drives.
Table 7-1 Data cartridge compatibility
Tape drive
model
Ultrium 200
GB* data
cartridge
Ultrium 400
GB* data
cartridge
Ultrium 800
GB* data
cartridge
Ultrium 1.6
TB* data
cartridges
LTO-4
not
supported
read/write
read/write
write once/
read many
read/write
write once/
read many
LTO-3
read only
read/write
read/write
write once/
read many
not
supported
LTO-2
read/write
read/write
not
supported
not
supported
nl
* Capacity assumes 2:1 compression.
WORM
DATA CARTRIDGES
LTO–4 and LTO–3 tape drives include support for both re-writable and
Write-Once, Read-Many, WORM, data cartridges. WORM cartridges
provide for an enhanced level of data security against accidental or
malicious alteration of data on the tape cartridge. The WORM data
cartridge can be appended to maximize the full capacity of the tape
cartridge, but the user will be unable to erase or overwrite data on the
cartridge. Any attempt to modify a WORM cartridge to enable writing over
existing data will result in the media becoming permanently write protected.
It should still be readable in a WORM drive, depending upon the severity
of the tampering, but no further appended backups will be possible.
WORM data cartridges are clearly identified by their distinctive, two-tone
cartridge color. They can only be used with LTO tape drives that support
the WORM feature.
To check whether your backup or archive software application supports
WORM cartridges, refer to http://www.tandbergdata.com.
LTO–4
TAPE DRIVES AND ENCRYPTION
Your LTO–4 tape drive includes hardware capable of performing data
encryption at full speed while writing data, and decrypting when reading.
Encryption is the process of changing data into a form that cannot be read
until it is deciphered, protecting the data from unauthorized access and
use. LTO–4 tape drives use the strongest version of the industry-standard
AES encrypting algorithm to protect your data.
To make use of this feature you need:
A backup application that supports hardware encryption
Ultrium 1.6 TB R/W or WORM media; no encryption will be performed
when writing earlier generations of tape
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LTO–4
TAPE DRIVES AND ENCRYPTION
When should I use encryption?
Your company policy will determine when you need to use encryption. For
example, it may be mandatory for company confidential and financial data,
but not for personal data. Company policy will also define how encryption
keys should be generated and managed. Backup applications that support
encryption will generate a key for you or allow you to enter a key manually.
Note: Encryption with keys that are generated directly from
passwords or passphrases may be less secure than
encryption using truly random keys. Your application
should explain the options and methods that are
available. Please refer to your application’s user
documentation for more information.
How do I enable encryption?
Hardware encryption is turned off by default and is switched on by settings
in your backup application, where you also generate and supply the
encryption key. Your backup application must support hardware encryption
for this feature to work. The software supplied with the tape drive provides
this support. See http://www.tandbergdata.com for an up-to-date list of
other suitable backup software.
When will I be asked to enter the key?
Encryption is primarily designed to protect the media once it is offline and
to prevent it being accessed from another machine. You will be able to
read and append the encrypted media without being prompted for a key
as long as it is being accessed by the machine and application that first
encrypted it.
There are two main instances when you will need to know the key:
If you try to import the media to another machine or another instance
of the backup application
If you are recovering your system after a disaster
What happens if I don’t remember the key?
If you are unable to supply the key when requested to do so, neither you
nor Technical Support will be able to access the encrypted data.
This guarantees the security of your data, but also means that you must be
careful in the management of the encryption key used to generate the tape.
Warning
You should keep a record or backup of your
encryption keys and store them in a secure place
separate from the computer running the backup
software.
Does encryption affect tape drive performance?
Hardware encryption can be used with or without compression and without
speed or capacity penalties.
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CHAPTER 7–USE
THE CORRECT MEDIA
Does the tape drive encrypt media in an earlier Ultrium format?
No. Encryption is supported only on Ultrium 1.6 TB media (R/W andr
WORM).
Ultrium 1.6 TB tapes encrypted on LTO–4 tape drives can be read on any
compatible LTO–4 tape drive that supports hardware encryption.
LTO–4 tape drives can read Ultrium 800 GB and Ultrium 400 GB media
and write Ultrium 800 GB media, but hardware encryption is not supported
on these formats.
Where can I get more information?
For detailed instructions about enabling encryption please refer to the
documentation supplied with your backup application. This will also
highlight any default states, for example when copying tapes, that may
need changing if using encrypted tapes.
WRITE
PROTECTING CARTRIDGES
Warning
Always remove the cartridge from the tape drive
before you change the write protection.
If you want to protect the data on a cartridge from being altered or
overwritten, you can write protect the cartridge.
To write protect a cartridge, push the switch to the right to prevent
any data recording on the cartridge. Note the padlock on the tab that
indicates that the cartridge is protected.
To write enable a cartridge, push the switch to the left to allow data
recording on the cartridge. Figure 7-1 on page 41 illustrates the location
of the write-protect tab.
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CLEANING
THE TAPE DRIVE
1. Write-protect tab
Figure 7-1 Write protecting a cartridge
Write-protection will not protect your cartridges against magnets.
Write-protection will not prevent a cartridge being erased by bulk-erasure
or degaussing. Do not bulk erase LTO format cartridges. This will destroy
pre-recorded servo information and make the cartridge unusable.
CLEANING
THE TAPE DRIVE
You must use the Ultrium Universal Cleaning Cartridge with LTO tape
drives, as other cleaning cartridges will not load and run.
To clean the tape drive:
LTO tape drives do not require regular cleaning. An Ultrium Universal
Cleaning Cartridge should only be used when the orange Clean LED is
flashing.
1.
Insert the Ultrium Universal Cleaning Cartridge.
2.
The drive will carry out its cleaning cycle and eject the cartridge on
completion (which can take up to 5 minutes). During the cleaning
cycle the orange Clean LED will be on solidly and the green Ready
LED will flash.
Each Ultrium Universal Cleaning Cartridge cleaning cartridge can be
used up to 50 times with LTO tape drives. If the cleaning cartridge is
ejected immediately with the Tape LED on, it has expired.
HANDLING
CARTRIDGES
Do not attempt to clean the tape path or tape guides inside the cartridge.
Do not leave cartridges in the drive. The tape loses tension in the
power-off state, which can lead to problems, particularly if the drive
has been moved.
Do not leave cartridges in excessively dry or humid conditions.
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THE CORRECT MEDIA
Do not leave cartridges in direct sunlight or in places where magnetic
fields are present (for example, under telephones, next to monitors or
near transformers).
Do not drop cartridges or handle them roughly.
Stick labels onto the label area only.
Do not bulk erase (or degauss) LTO format cartridges because this
will render them unusable.
OPERATING
AND STORAGE ENVIRONMENT
To prevent condensation and for long life, the cartridge should only be
operated or stored as follows:
Operation: 100° C to 45° C (50° F to 113° F)
Day-to-day storage (in plastic container): 16° C to 32° C (60° F to 90° F)
Non-condensing relative humidity: 10% to 80% (operating), 20% to
60% (non-operating)
Wet bulb temperature should not exceed 26° C (79° F)
Tapes intended for long-term storage should be stored in the plastic
containers, at temperatures between 5° C and 23° C (41° F and 73° F)
and 20% to 60% relative humidity.
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8
TROUBLESHOOTING
In this chapter:
“General Procedure” on page 43
“Optimizing performance” on page 44
“Problems with cartridges” on page 46
GENERAL PROCEDURE
If a problem occurs, the first step is to try to establish whether the problem
lies with the cartridge, the drive, the host computer and connections, or the
way the system is being operated.
Has the system just been installed?
There could be an installation problem:
1.
Check through the information in the relevant installation chapter of
this guide.
2.
Check the power connectors and SCSI cabling.
3.
Is the SCSI ID correctly set? Is there a SCSI system
conflict? Has the SCSI bus been correctly terminated?
See “Check the internal drive's SCSI ID” on page 17
and“Check the external drive's SCSI ID” on page 25.
4.
Are appropriate drivers and application software installed on the host?
5.
Check the environmental conditions against the specified limits.
Table 8-1 Environmental specifications for LTO tape drives
Temperature range
Non-condensing
humidity range
Operating
50° to 95° F (10° to 40° C)
at a minimum of 6 CFM
airflow
20 to 80% RH
(non-condensing)
Storage
-40° to 151° F (-40° to 66°
C)
10 to 95% RH
(non-condensing)
Are you using new cartridges or a different brand of cartridge? Have
you been using the particular cartridge for a very long time?
The problem could lie with the cartridge:
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CHAPTER 8–TROUBLESHOOTING
1.
Check through the media chapter on
“Use the correct media” on page 37.
2.
Check that you are using an Ultrium cartridge. Compatible media can
be recognized by the LTO logo, which is the same as the logo on the
front of your drive.
3.
Use the correct media type, for example:
Ultrium 1.6 TB RW and Ultrium 1.6 TB WORM tape cartridges
for use with LTO-4 tape drives.
Ultrium 800 GB RW and Ultrium 800 GB WORM tape cartridges
for use with LTO-3 tape drives.
Ultrium 400 GB RW tape cartridges for use with LTO-2 tape drives.
4.
Has the cartridge been write-protected, see
“Write protecting cartridges” on page 40?
5.
Clean the tape heads with the cleaning cartridge, see
“Cleaning cartridges” on page 37. Make sure you are using the Ultrium
Universal Cleaning Cartridge.
6.
Try the operation again.
7.
If the problem still occurs, try using a different cartridge.
8.
If the problem is still there, the problem probably lies with the drive or
the host computer.
Has the drive been moved recently? Have any cables
been disconnected and reconnected? Has the environment
changed—unusually hot, cold, damp or dry? Has there been dust or
dirt near the drive. Have reasonable precautions against static been
taken?
The problem could lie with the drive:
1.
Check the cables and connectors.
2.
Clean the tape heads with the cleaning cartridge.
3.
If the problem persists, check the environmental conditions
against the specified limits, see Table 8-1 on page 43 or refer to
http://www.tandbergdata.com. Perhaps move the drive to a more
suitable site.
Has a new operating system been installed in the host computer?
Has new backup software been installed?
The problem could lie with the host or the software. Consult the computer’s
operating manuals, the software manual, or seek help from a service
engineer.
OPTIMIZING
PERFORMANCE
Various factors can affect tape drive performance, particularly in a network
environment. In nearly all cases when performance is not as expected, it is
the data rates of the disk subsystem that cause the bottleneck.
If your tape drive is not performing as well as expected—for example, if
backup windows are longer than expected—please consider the following
points before contacting Technical Support.
Disk subsystem
A single spindle disk will not be able to deliver good data throughput
for an LTO–3 tape drive at any compression ratio. To maximize the
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OPTIMIZING
PERFORMANCE
capability of these tape drives, utilize aggregated disk sources (RAID)
with multiple disk spindles.
A single spindle disk may be sufficient for an LTO-2 tape drive,
depending on your data’s compressibility. Best practice to ensure good
throughput is to utilize multiple disk spindles or data sources.
System architecture
Be aware of the architecture of your data protection environment;
multiple clients backed up over a network may mean you are unable to
take advantage of the LTO-4 or LTO-3 tape drive because the Ethernet
infrastructure connecting such systems may limit performance.
For LTO-2 tape drives, the aggregation of multiple client sources over
a network provides a good way of delivering good performance, but
anything less than Gigabit Ethernet may limit performance for LTO-2
tape drives.
Some enterprise class backup applications can be made to interleave
data from multiple sources, such as clients or disks, to keep the tape
drive working at optimum performance.
Tape media type
The data cartridge should match the specification of the tape
drive. A lower specification will have a lower transfer speed (see
“Data cartridges” on page).
Data and file types
The type of data being backed up or restored can affect performance.
Typically, small files incur greater overhead in processing and access
than large files. Equally, data that is not compressible will always limit
the speed at which the drive can write/read data. You will achieve no
more than native rates with uncompressible data.
Examples of files that compress well are plain text files, spreadsheets;
those that compress poorly are those that are either compressed as
part of their format (such as, JPEG photographic files) or stored as
compressed (such as, .ZIP files or .gz/.Z files on Unix platforms).
Is the tape drive on a dedicated SCSI bus?
We recommend that the tape drive is the only device on the SCSI bus.
If it is not, ensure that other devices are LVD compliant. If they are
single-ended, the bus will switch to single–ended mode with a lower
transfer speed. There will also be restrictions on cable length.
Can your system deliver the required performance?
The LTO–4 tape drive can write uncompressed data at up to 80 MB/s
(288 GB/hour).
The LTO–3 tape drive can write uncompressed data at up to 60 MB/s
(216 GB/hour) or compressed data at up to 120 MB/s (432 GB/hour),
assuming 2:1 compression.
The LTO-2 tape drive can write uncompressed data at up to 24 MB/s
(86 GB/hour) or compressed data at up to 48 MB/s (172 GB/hour),
assuming 2:1 compression.
To obtain this performance it is essential that your whole system can
deliver this performance. In most cases, the backup application will provide
details of the average time taken at the end of the backup.
Typical areas where bottlenecks can occur are:
Disk subsystem
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CHAPTER 8–TROUBLESHOOTING
A single spindle disk will not be able to deliver good data throughput for
an LTO–4 or LTO–3 tape drive at any compression ratio. To maximize
the capability of these tape drives, utilize aggregated disk sources
(RAID) with multiple disk spindles.
A single spindle disk may be sufficient for an LTO-2 tape drive,
depending on your data’s compressibility. Best practice to ensure good
throughput is to utilize multiple disk spindles or data sources.
System architecture
Be aware of the architecture of your data protection environment;
multiple clients backed up over a network may mean you are unable to
take advantage of the LTO–4 or LTO-3 tape drive because the Ethernet
infrastructure connecting such systems may limit performance.
For LTO-2 tape drives, the aggregation of multiple client sources over
a network provides a good way of delivering good performance, but
anything less than Gigabit Ethernet may limit performance for LTO-2
tape drives.
Some enterprise class backup applications can be made to interleave
data from multiple sources, such as clients or disks, to keep the tape
drive working at optimum performance.
Tape media type
The data cartridge should match the specification of the tape
drive. A lower specification will have a lower transfer speed (see
“Data cartridges” on page). Use:
Ultrium 1.6 TB R/W or Ultrium 1.6 TB WORM cartridges with LTO–4
tape drives
Ultrium 800 GB R/W or Ultrium 800 GB WORM cartridges with
LTO–3 tape drives
Ultrium 400 GB R/W cartridges with LTO–2 tape drives
Data and file types
The type of data being backed up or restored can affect performance.
Typically, small files incur greater overhead in processing and access
than large files. Equally, data that is not compressible will always limit
the speed at which the drive can write/read data. You will achieve no
more than native rates with uncompressible data.
Examples of files that compress well are plain text files, spreadsheets;
those that compress poorly are those that are either compressed as
part of their format (such as, JPEG photographic files) or stored as
compressed (such as, .ZIP files or .gz/.Z files on Unix platforms).
PROBLEMS
WITH CARTRIDGES
If you experience any problems using LTO branded cartridges, check:
The cartridge case is intact and that it contains no splits, cracks or
damage.
The cartridge has been stored at the correct temperature and humidity.
This prevents condensation. See the insert included with the tape
cartridge for storage conditions.
The write-protect switch is fully operational. It should move from side to
side with a positive click.
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PROBLEMS
WITH CARTRIDGES
The cartridge is jammed
If the cartridge is jammed or the backup application is unable to eject it,
you can force eject the cartridge. If the failure occurs regularly, contact
Technical Support.
1.
Either press and hold the Eject button on the front of the tape drive for
at least 10 seconds.
2.
Wait for the cartridge to be ejected. This process may take up to 10
minutes (the maximum rewind time). It is important that you allow
sufficient time for the drive to complete this process. If you interrupt it,
you may damage the media or the tape drive. The drive is then reset
as though you had turned the power off and then on again.
You may lose data if you force eject a cartridge. The tape may also
become unreadable because an EOD (End of Data) mark may not
be properly written.
3.
If the cartridge is still jammed, the tape drive has failed, contact
Technical Support.
The drive will not accept the cartridge (or ejects it immediately)
The cartridge may have been damaged, for example dropped, or the drive
may have a fault. If it is a cleaning cartridge, it has probably expired and
should be discarded immediately. For data cartridges:
JUNE 2008
1.
Check that the drive has power (the power cable is properly connected
and the Ready LED is on).
2.
Check that you are using the correct media. Use only Ultrium media,
(see “Use the correct media” on page 37).
3.
Make sure that you have loaded the cartridge with the correct
orientation (see “Loading a cartridge” on page 35).
4.
Check for damage to your media and discard it if it is damaged.
5.
Use a new or known, good piece of media and see if it loads. If it
does, the original cartridge is faulty and should be discarded.
6.
Check if another LTO drive of the same model will accept the cartridge.
If it does, the original drive may be faulty. Before calling customer
service, please check that the tape drive is responding.
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NOTES
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A
SCSI CONFIGURATION GUIDE
SCSI
IN
LTO
DEVICES
LTO-4 and LTO-3 tape drives are high performance Ultra320 SCSI
compatible devices; LTO-2 tape drives are high performance Ultra160
SCSI compatible devices.
They are designed to operate on a low voltage differential (LVD) SCSI
interface and are not compatible with high voltage differential (HVD) SCSI
devices.
LTO-4 and LTO-3 tape drives support a burst transfer rate of 320 MB/sec;
LTO-2 tape drives support a burst transfer rate of 160 MB/sec.
To benefit from this level of performance, it is important to ensure that the
drives are connected to a SCSI bus of a similar or higher specification.
This means that you need:
An Ultra320 bus for LTO-4 and LTO-3 tape drives. An Ultra160 or
Ultra320 bus for LTO-2 tape drives.
If you attach the drive to a lower specification SCSI bus, it will still
work but data may not be transferred as quickly. Ultra2 SCSI is also
supported, but performance may be degraded.
LVD-rated SCSI cabling and terminators. The LVD interface enables
the data to be transferred at the drive’s maximum rate and provides a
maximum cable length of 12 meters.
Daisy chaining devices
Note: We do not recommend daisy chaining an LTO-4 or LTO-3
tape drive with other devices.
If you need to connect multiple devices to the bus, performance may be
restricted if there are too many devices on the bus that are accessed
simultaneously. Connecting devices of lower SCSI specification, such
as Ultra2 or Ultra SCSI, may also restrict performance to your tape
drive. Using Single Ended 8-Bit SCSI devices on the same bus is not
recommended, as performance will be severely impacted and complicated
bus configuration is required to overcome bus termination issues.
Make sure that the last device on the SCSI bus is terminated. We
recommend that you do not attach the tape drive to the same SCSI bus
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APPENDIX A–SCSI
CONFIGURATION GUIDE
as the disk drive. See SCSI termination for more information about
terminating LTO tape drives.
SCSI
TERMINOLOGY
SCSI is a bus interface: all the devices are connected to a single cable
(some of this may be inside and some outside the host computer’s case).
The connection to the host itself is known as the Host Bus Adapter (HBA).
You can have several HBAs in a single computer, each with its own SCSI
bus: this is a common arrangement in high-performance servers. Some
host bus adapters (such as the LSI Logic LSI22320-R) have more than
one SCSI bus available on a single card.
Various terms are used when describing SCSI devices. These terms relate
to the factors that affect performance and cable length:
The speed of the data bus, which may be Fast, Ultra, Ultra2, Ultra3,
Ultra160 or Ultra320.
The width of the data bus, which may be Narrow or Wide (16-Bit or
8-Bit).
The voltage level of the interface, which may be single-ended (SE)
or low voltage differential (LVD).
SETTING
UP THE
SCSI
BUS
Each device on a SCSI bus, including the SCSI host bus adapter (HBA),
must be configured with a unique ID (identifier). The SCSI bus must be
terminated.
Note: We recommend that a dedicated host bus adapter is
used for the tape drive. A suitable adapter is available
from your supplier.
SCSI ID numbers
For wide SCSI buses, the SCSI ID will be a number from 0 through 15, so
a typical wide SCSI HBA can accommodate up to fifteen other devices.
(On narrow SCSI buses, the SCSI ID is a number from 0 through 7.)
Each device must have a unique SCSI ID. The drive can be assigned any
unused ID between 0 and 15. Do not use SCSI ID 7, which is reserved for
the SCSI controller. SCSI ID 0 is typically assigned to the boot disk and
should also not be used unless the tape drive is on a dedicated SCSI bus.
SCSI ID 7 is normally reserved for the HBA because it has the highest
priority on the bus. On wide buses, the priority runs from 7 (highest) to 0,
then 15 down to 8 (lowest).
Note: As a general rule, avoid putting tape devices on the
same bus as any hard disks.
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IDENTIFYING SCSI IDS
IDENTIFYING SCSI IDS
If your computer already has devices connected to the SCSI bus, you will
need to know their IDs to avoid any conflict with the new tape drive. Here
are some methods of finding out the information:
Most computers display a list of SCSI devices and IDs during the
boot-up process. This usually scrolls past very fast. If you press the
[Pause] key, you should be able to halt the scrolling and view the list.
On Windows systems, you can use Device Manager.
If you have Novell NetWare installed, use its LIST DEVICES command.
If none of these is available to you, try the following sources of information:
The details of all installed devices and settings may have been
written down and stored with your computer’s documentation (for new
computers, this is often done by the supplier).
Your HBA’s documentation should tell you which settings it uses.
Look at each device to find out its ID. This is usually easy with external
devices. With internal devices, you will probably need the help of the
device’s documentation to identify the SCSI ID setting, which is usually
set with jumpers.
SETTING
THE
SCSI ID
ON
LTO
DRIVES
Note that host adapters check SCSI IDs only at power-on, so any changes
will not take effect until the host system is power-cycled.
On internal LTO tape drives, set the SCSI ID by attaching or removing
jumpers at the rear of the drive, see Check the internal drive's SCSI ID.
On external LTO tape drives, the ID is displayed on the rear panel and
can be set by pressing the little buttons above and below the number
(using a ball point pen), see Check the external drive's SCSI ID.
SCSI
TERMINATION
Terminators are essential, as they provide the correct voltages on the
SCSI bus and prevent unwanted signal reflections from interfering with
data transfers. The rule is:
Note: There must be termination at both physical ends of the
bus and only at the ends.
There are two main types of termination, active and passive. Active
terminators reduce interference and allow faster data throughput. On
devices with high transfer speeds, such as LTO devices, active termination
is required, using an LVD or multimode active terminator. (Multimode
terminators allow both LVD and single-ended devices to be connected to
the same bus. They detect the type of bus and automatically supply the
correct termination.)
Normally the HBA forms one end of the SCSI bus and provides termination.
You only need to ensure that the other end of the bus is terminated.
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Internal drives
LTO internal tape drives do not supply termination. A suitably terminated
LVD internal ribbon cable is supplied with the tape drive. The terminator is
usually a small, rectangular block of plastic attached to the cable end and
marked ‘SCSI Terminator’.
Figure A-1 SCSI termination in internal drives
As long as this terminator is attached, you do not need to take any further
action. However, if you have other devices attached to the cable, make
sure that they have termination removed or disabled.
Note: If you have an internal and external device attached to
the same SCSI bus, the HBA will be in the middle of the
cable and thus its termination must be disabled. See
the host bus adapter’s documentation for details of how
to do this.
External drives
For LTO external tape drives the enclosure provides active termination.
As long as the drive is the only device on the SCSI chain, no terminators
are required. The green ACT Term LED on the rear of the drive indicates
whether auto-termination is active (on) or not (off).
Make sure the terminator is firmly attached to the SCSI-OUT connector on
the rear of the device when you install it.
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SCSI
TERMINATION
Figure A-2 SCSI termination on a single LTO tape drive
If you have more than one device on the SCSI bus, daisy-chain them by
connecting an LVD-rated cable from the SCSI-OUT connector on the first
device to the SCSI-IN connector on the second device. Assuming you
have two LTO tape drives connected, the enclosure on the second drive
provides termination. The green ACT Term LED on the rear of the first
drive will be off while on the rear of the second drive it will be on. If the
second device is not an LTO external drive, make sure that it is terminated
using an LVD-rated multimode terminator.
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Figure A-3 SCSI termination in daisy-chained external drives
SCSI
CABLES
Cables matter in SCSI systems. There are two factors to consider: cable
length and cable quality.
Cable length
For LVD SCSI the maximum length for a single device is 25 meters.
For multiple devices, the maximum combined internal/external length is
12 meters.
If you have a combination of LVD and SE devices on the bus, the
maximum cable length reverts to the SE specification. This is 3 meters
for four or fewer devices, and 1.5 meters for more than four devices.
See also note below on SE and LVD interfaces.
For best performance, keep lengths to a minimum, but avoid very short
overall lengths (less than 0.5 meters).
Cable quality
It is important to use good quality cables. Generally speaking, cable
quality affects performance and reliability. This is particularly true for
external, shielded cables.
Look after your SCSI cables. In particular, take care when connecting
or disconnecting not to damage the high-density connectors. Avoid
putting excessive twists in external shielded cables, as this can cause
premature failure.
With internal devices
LTO tape drives have a 68-pin wide, high-density SCSI connector. A
suitable cable with the correct termination is supplied with the tape drive. If
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SCSI
CABLES
you are using an LTO drive on an internal bus with other peripherals that
run at Ultra2 speeds, it is important that a 68-pin LVD-compatible ribbon
cable is used. Do not connect your tape drive to lower-rated SCSI or to
narrow SCSI.
With external devices
Your tape drive requires a 68-pin VHD-to-HD SCSI cable to connect to
the host server.
Note on SE and LVD interfaces
SE and LVD define how the signals are transmitted along the cable.
With single-ended (SE) SCSI, each signal travels over a single wire
and each signal’s value is determined by comparing the signal to a
paired ground wire. Signal quality tends to decrease over longer cable
lengths or at increased signal speed.
With low voltage differential (LVD) signaling, signals travel along two
wires and the difference in voltage between the wire pairs determines
the signal value. This enables faster data rates and longer cabling
with less susceptibility to noise than SE signaling and reduced power
consumption.
If you use LVD SCSI devices on the same bus as single-ended devices
this will switch the LVD SCSI host adapter into single-ended mode and
restrict cable length.
If you connect only LVD SCSI devices, the bus will operate in low voltage
differential mode and Ultra160 and higher speeds will be enabled. If you
use a combination of Ultra160 and Ultra2 devices, each device will operate
at its optimum speed.
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APPENDIX A–SCSI
CONFIGURATION GUIDE
NOTES
56
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HALF-HEIGHT
SCSI TAPE DRIVES
433867-01
INDEX
A
backup software
encryption, 15
supported, 15
backup software problems, 44
buttons
Unload, 36
default SCSI ID, 17, 25
document
conventions, VII
drive
front view, 12
installing, 17
operating, 35
drivers
installing, 14
UNIX, 14
Windows, 14
C
E
audience, VII
B
cartridge
loading, 35
unloading, 36
cartridges
cleaning, 37
compatibility, 38
data, 37
ejected, 47
encryption, 38
environment, 42
handling, 41
inserting, 35
jammed, 47
problems, 44
removing, 36
WORM, 38
write protecting, 40
cleaning
tape drive, 41
cleaning cartridges, 37
compatibility
backup software, 15
conventions
document, VII
text symbols, VII
encryption, 38
backup software, 15
external drive
installation, 25
F
firmware, upgrading
drives, 36
front panel
LEDs, 31
front view, 12
H
handling cartridges, 41
help
obtaining, VIII
host
problems, 44
I
inserting cartridges, 35
install drive, 20
D
data cartridges, 37
JUNE 2008
#
57
INDEX
installation
attach mounting hardware, 19
external drive, 25
guidelines, 9
install drive, 20
internal drive, 17
prepare mounting bay, 18
problems, 43
reboot (external), 28
reboot (internal), 24
secure drive, 23
verify, 29
installing
drivers, 14
internal drive
installation, 17
J
jammed cartridge, 47
L
LEDs, 31
troubleshooting, 31
loading
cartridge, 35
M
media, 37
mounting bay, 18
mounting hardware, 19
power specification, 12
S
SCSI ID
default, 17, 25
secure drive, 23
supported models, 9
symbols in text, VII
T
tape drive
cleaning, 41
technical support, VIII
text symbols, VII
troubleshooting
cartridges, 46
general procedure, 43
LEDs, 31
optimizing performance, 44
U
UNIX
drivers, 14
Unload button, 36
unloading
cartridge, 36
upgrading firmware
drives, 36
V
verify installation, 29
O
operating systems, 9
operation
drives, 35
optimizing performance, 44
W
WORM cartridges, 38
write protection, 40
P
performance
optimizing, 44
58
LTO
HALF-HEIGHT
SCSI TAPE DRIVES
433867-01