Agilent Custom Switch Matrices

Product Note

Table of Contents

18

21

21

15

16

16

18

10

12

14

15

4

9

3

3

Introduction

The function of the switch matrix

Electrical specifications

Switch drivers

Switch matrix designs

Mechanical specifications

Ordering process

Deliverables

Conclusion

Appendix A

Switch matrix specification form

Appendix B

Popular Agilent coaxial switches

Appendix C

Agilent switch drivers and interface modules

Introduction

Over a period of more than ten years, Agilent

Technologies has developed a standard design and manufacturing process for making highperformance custom switch matrices. Agilent designs matrices that are optimized for your application and specifications. This product note describes what a switch matrix does, and explains the advantages of using a switch matrix in an RF/ microwave test system. It also helps you determine the critical parameters and other design requirements for a matrix that will meet the needs of your application. Electrical and mechanical specifications that have significant impact on matrix performance are analyzed, and different microwave switching designs are described. For each design, we cover characteristics that could make one design more suitable than another for your application. Finally, special features and functions that add value and ease of use to your switch matrix are discussed.

The function of the switch matrix

Virtually all automatic microwave test systems use a computer-controlled coaxial switch matrix to route signals between test instruments and the device under test (DUT). The matrix allows multiple measurements to be made automatically, with a minimum number of manual connections to the

DUT. A matrix can also provide signal conditioning by incorporating amplifiers, filters, attenuators, and frequency translating devices such as mixers and multipliers. Since all stimulus and response signals must pass through the switch matrix, the characteristics of the matrix signal paths directly affect the accuracy and integrity of all measurements. It is impossible to design a switch matrix that does not degrade the original signal. However, the matrix can be optimized to meet the key performance requirements of the application. Agilent uses high-performance coaxial switches in all of its switch matrices, unless otherwise specified by the customer. Agilent switches meet high standards of performance, with exceptional reliability

(>5 million cycles), repeatability (less than 0.03 dB),

VSWR (typically 1.2:1), and isolation (typically

>90 dB). In this product note, electrical specifications assume the use of Agilent switches in the matrices. Appendix B includes specifications for some of the most popular Agilent switches.

For complete information, refer to the RF and

Microwave Test Accessories Catalog, publication number 5964-9527E.

3

4

Electrical specifications

The electrical parameters described below are key specifications that should be considered when ordering a custom switch matrix. By providing these specifications you will help Agilent design engineers make the best design choices for your application. Critical specifications should be highlighted to ensure that our design complies with them. We use our experience and the latest technology to meet or exceed your requirements. If a parameter is not specified, we optimize the design for the best overall performance. The more completely you define your requirements, the better we can optimize your matrix for not only performance, but for price and features, as well.

VSWR

VSWR in a switch matrix is directly related to the

VSWR of the coaxial switches used in the matrix.

The VSWR of the switches is determined by the mechanical dimensions and tolerances used in their manufacture. Agilent switches are manufactured with a mechanical tolerance of ±0.0005 inch.

(S1) 70427A

REF INPUT

J1

(S1) 83623A

J2

8110A MOD J3

(S1) 8663A

(S1) 8644B

J4

J5

W1

W2

W3

W4

W5

S1

W73

AR10

W124

IN

DC1

J79

W33

W32

S33

W75

AT34

8493C 6dB

S2

W81

S4

2

3

5

6

87104B

C

AT1

8493C 6dB

W84

S5

W76

W79

33312B

W85

FL1

FL3

W80

W78

S3

W82

AT2

33322H

0-110 dB

W74

AT32

8493C 6dB

W86

S6

2

3

C

5

6

87104B

W87

AT3

W89

8493C 6dB

AR1

W88

W90

W91

AR2

W93

AR3

W92

W94

Agilent switch matrices are designed to avoid the worst-case VSWR of the switches by selecting switches optimized for the specific frequency range of your application. VSWR is also minimized by choosing cable lengths to prevent reflections from adding at specific frequencies, and by the use of low-ripple power dividers where appropriate. If

VSWR is a critical factor in your application, we can further minimize it by using isolators or attenuators at the input and output ports and at critical points in the RF path.

Insertion loss

Low insertion loss is important because power is expensive, especially at high frequencies. The importance of insertion loss in your application depends on the power requirements of your DUT, the input and output power requirements of the stimulus and response instruments in the system, and noise considerations. Insertion loss is related to the switches and other components used in the matrix, the cables that route the signals and other aspects of the design. To minimize insertion loss in

RF SHIELDING

W27

J27

S7 OUTPUT

AT18

S7

1

1

2

2

3

4

5

6

AT19

C

87106B

W83

W95 J80

W28

AT4

8493C 6dB

J28

S1 OUTPUT

J81 W29 J29

S1 CAL

(S2) 83623A

(S2) 8663A

(S2) 8644B

J6

J7

J8

W6

W7

W8

RF shielding

S8

2

3

5

6

C

AT6

8493C 6dB

W77

AT7

33322H

0-110 dB

W133

AT33

8493C 6dB

87104B

W98

S9

2

C

6

87104B

3

5

W99

AT5

W101

8493C 6dB

AR4

W100

W102

W103

AR5

W104

W105

AR6

W106

AT20

S10

1

3

4

2

5

6

AT21

C

87106B

W36

J82

W30

AT8

8493C 6dB

J30

S2 OUTPUT

W34

J83

W31

J31

S2 CAL

Figure 1. In the above high isolation design, RF shielding compartments separate RF paths providing

115 dB in signal isolation.

a critical path, the cable length of the sensitive path can be minimized by careful placement of components near to each other and to input/output connectors; also, by selection of couplers, isolators, and other components for the band of interest

(rather than for unspecified wideband operation).

A specification that is important in many applications is insertion loss ripple. This is a small up and down variation (typically specified over a narrow band) in the insertion loss, caused by VSWR reflections from components such as dividers and couplers. Ripple can be minimized by using isolators and/or pads in key paths. Ripple values of 0.2 dB over a 100 MHz bandwidth at 18 GHz are typical of

Agilent matrices.

Isolation

A switch matrix with high isolation helps assure measurement integrity, especially if high- and lowpower signals are routed through the matrix simultaneously. Isolation is the amount by which an unwanted signal is attenuated before it is detected at the port of interest. For example, a matrix may have to route a signal to a spectrum analyzer for measurement at –70 dBm and to simultaneously route another signal at +20 dBm. Switches with

90 dB or more isolation keep the measurement integrity of the low-power signal in this example.

Our experience has led to the selection of the types and manufacturers of connectors, adapters, and other components that yield the highest isolation.

In addition, for increased isolation, signal paths may be separated by using multiple switches and careful routing. If your application is highly sensitive to signal cross talk in specific paths, we may place isolation shields around the sensitive path and use special components that are constructed with low RF leakage.

Reliability

The reliability of a switch matrix depends on the life of each of its switches and on the total number of switches used. Agilent switches are guaranteed to meet specifications over 5 million cycles (typically 10 million). The following is a comparison of replacement frequencies for Agilent switches and switches with a lower specified lifetime in an example application.

Switch reliability comparison

This example is a high-volume component or module test application in which switches experience

5,000 closures per 8-hour day (10 closures/min.).

Using Agilent switches:

replacement frequency = 5 million / 5,000 =

1,000 days = ~2.7 years

Using switches with a lifetime of 1 million cycles:

replacement frequency = 1,000,000 / 5,000 =

200 days = 6 months

Note that many switch manufacturers do not specify the number of cycles over which the switch is guaranteed to meet specifications, but the number of cycles to destruction. Agilent guarantees that its switches will meet all specifications for a minimum of 5 million cycles.

Repeatability

Repeatability is a measure of the changes in insertion loss or phase for a switch matrix path from cycle to cycle over time. Repeatability ensures accurate test results. S-parameter repeatability is critical because it cannot be calibrated out with test software. Insertion loss repeatability of Agilent switches is better than 0.03 dB, and insertion loss repeatability of most switch paths through Agilent switch matrices is typically about 0.06 dB, due to random averaging of cascaded repeatability. Phase repeatability is typically 0.2 degrees per switch at 20 GHz.

5

Termination

A 50-ohm load termination is critical in many applications, since each unused segment of coax transmission line—if unterminated at one end—may resonate at a frequency where it is one-half wavelength long and at all higher-frequency harmonics.

These resonances can “suck out” signal power at high Q at specific frequencies. This can be quite important when designing a matrix up to 26 GHz or higher, where switch isolation drops considerably. Terminating unselected transmission line segments prevents this problem.

Signal leakage into unterminated switches reduces isolation performance as well. In some Agilent switches, such as the 8762, 87104, and 87106 multiport switches, all ports are matched. That is, any unselected port is switched to an internal

50-ohm load.

Termination is important if reflected power from a signal source on a matrix input line would damage or affect the operation of the source. Also, if the input is one of a pair of lines from a power splitter, the other line’s insertion loss ripple would be increased by reflections on the first unterminated line (see Figure 8). Thus, when switches are at outputs of the power dividers, unused ports of the switches should be terminated. However, termination is usually not needed when switching between response instruments, since if an instrument is not selected to be read, it does not matter if the signal routed to the instrument is noisy. If high VSWR is acceptable on some unselected paths, we can offer a lower-cost matrix by choosing unterminated switches and more flexible designs.

Agilent 87104A,B,C

50

Ω termination s s s

6

RF port

5

Agilent 87106A,B,C

3 s

2 C s s s s s s

6 5 4 3 2

Figure 2. Simplified block diagram of Agilent 87104A/B/C and 87106A/B/C multiport switches

1

6

C

Frequency of operation

Agilent designs RF and microwave switch matrices that operate from DC to 50 GHz. By using special connectors and switches, we can design for higher frequencies. Based on your specified frequency range of operation, we choose a design that is optimized for your requirements. The higher the frequency, the more critical the routing and cabling of the signals becomes to measurement integrity.

Specifying a low-frequency limit is as important as specifying a high-frequency limit, because wideband components are expensive and can have more insertion loss. Therefore, we recommend that you specify the narrowest band possible for your application.

Power specifications

One advantage of using a switch matrix in your

ATE system is that signal conditioning can be incorporated within the matrix. Based on your power requirements, we may use attenuators and/or amplifiers to provide the optimized power to your

DUT. Power sensors can also be coupled to the critical path for very accurate power measurements.

Equal path/equal phase

Some applications require equal length on several paths through the matrix. Since each equal path presents the same test condition to the DUT, in many applications you can test or calibrate one path and apply the results to all the other DUTs connected to other equal paths. By using CAD and automatic bending equipment to manufacture semi-rigid cables, Agilent can provide equal paths within 0.015 inch for many applications. Some applications require equal paths for amplitude match and some for phase match. To meet very tight phase-match specifications, we sometimes use phase adjusters. In many cases, however, using

Agilent semi-rigid cables designed for your application and performing extra testing to assure equal specifications provides phase match without expensive phase adjusters. For example, without using phase adjusters, we can guarantee signals in different paths at 18 GHz to be within 10 degrees.

ALC

J37 W37

RF

J32

SOURCE A

83732A

W32

DC1

10 dB

AR1

IN

CP1

25

83017A

SOURCE B

83630A

RF

J42

AT10

3 dB

33340C

J48 W48

ALC

W49

W42

33311C

K1

C

1

2

AT11

6 dB

33340C

W71

CP2

AR7

27

83018A

DC2

IN

10 dB

W51

W72

DC5

IN

20 dB

W59

W55

DC3

IN

10 dB

DC4

IN

10 dB

W74

U7

W57

87304C

W73 W58

AT1

0-90 dB

W56

2X 33340C

W75

AT13

AT12

10 dB

L

R

I

M1

6 dB

6 dB

AT14

W76

0955-0243

W83

Figure 3. This switch matrix has incorporated an ALC directional detector, a 27 dB gain amplifier, several directional couplers, a programmable attenuator, fixed attenuators, power splitter, and mixer.

7

Switching speed

Agilent microwave coaxial switches are breakbefore-make switches. Switch speed is between 15 and 30 milliseconds. We can design register-based drivers for faster switching speed. For applications that require even higher switching speed, we build matrices using fast, solid-state PIN switches, with a switching speed in the nanosecond range.

Signal conditioning and matrix characterization

As mentioned above, one advantage of having a switch matrix in a system is that signal conditioning can be obtained within the matrix. We use amplifiers and attenuators to satisfy power requirements.

Filters and isolators can be used for selecting or deleting a signal through a specific path. We also use phase- and frequency-translating devices such as mixers, doublers, and dividers to provide the right frequency for operating the DUT or for up/ down conversion. Detectors and noise sources may also be installed. These devices are permanently connected with semi-rigid coaxial cables; no external cabling is needed. The result is a compact, convenient, one-box solution.

Some applications require frequent calibration of the ATE system and the switch matrix. If your application requires this, we incorporate calibration and characterization paths, and install power sensors in these critical paths.

NetAnaPort1

SigGen#1

AT3

S1

AT1 AT2

DUTIn

L1

AT4

SigGen#2

A1

(Do Not Fit)

CALIn

LOOut

L2

I1

A2

M1

NFMeter

Power Meter

Spectrum Ana

NetAnaPort2

Figure 4. This component testing switch matrix has a calibration path through the matrix for ease of calibration.

DUTOut

8

Switch drivers

Your custom switch matrix can be controlled remotely through GPIB, using switch drive instruments or devices. If your application requires another mode of control, such as RS-232, RS-422, register-based, or even custom remote control, we can provide a quote for you. If your switch matrix is controlled through GPIB, then the 87130A switch driver,

11713A attenuator/switch driver, 3488A switch control unit, or 70611A switch/attenuator driver for

MMS modules can be used to control the switches.

The Agilent 87130A is a rack-mounted driver, designed to be incorporated into the system II mainframe to provide a complete switch matrix solution. The 87130A does not include manual control capabilty. The Agilent 11713A can control as many as 10 switches and provide both the solenoid DC driver power and GPIB for automated programmability. It also has manual control and

LED indicators. The Agilent 3488A provides GPIB control for up to 80 switches, but requires an external power supply. The Agilent 70611A is a 1/8 module switch/attenuator driver, designed to be incorporated into an Agilent modular measurement system (MMS) mainframe. It has graphical/manual control capability to provide a total, integrated ATE solution.

The Agilent E1442A is a register-based VXI general purpose switch driver that can control up to 64 switches or channels. Refer to Appendix C for more information on Agilent switch drivers.

The solenoid control lines from each switch in the matrix are typically routed to back panel connectors for convenient connection to an Agilent 11713A,

3488A, 70611A, or 87130A. Agilent can also integrate driver circuitry within the switch matrix, with all the necessary power supplies. However, if you choose standalone switch drivers, our designers need to know which switch driver you will be using, since each driver uses a different control logic.

Switch matrix designs

When specifying a switch matrix for your system, first determine how many inputs and outputs the matrix needs. This is called an nxm matrix, where n is the number of inputs and m is the number of outputs. The next step is to determine if each input needs to be connected to one output or to several outputs and if different paths are activated simultaneously or in sequence. This important information helps our design engineers choose a combination of the following three basic switch matrix designs.

Figure 5. Agilent 11713A (upper left), 70611A (upper right), and 87130A (bottom).

9

Common highway

Features:

• Can connect any input to any output

Advantages:

• Simplest design

• High isolation

• Lowest cost

• Wide bandwidth

Disadvantages:

• Can connect to only one output at a time

• Higher insertion loss with large configuration

Example specifications at 12 GHz matrix in Figure 6.

Insertion loss = 1.3 dB (typical)

VSWR at input port = 1.3:1 (typical)

Isolation = 90 dB

Repeatability = 0.05 dB

Full access (blocking)

Features:

• Can connect any input to any output

• Multiple active channels simultaneously

Advantages:

• High flexibility

• High isolation

• High throughput

• Bi-directional

• Low insertion loss

• Wide bandwidth

Disadvantages:

• Any input can connect to only one output at a time

• Higher cost

Example specifications at 12 GHz for matrix in Figure 7.

Insertion loss = 1.3 dB (typical)

VSWR at input port = 1.3:1

Isolation = 90 dB

Repeatability = 0.05 dB

4 X 4 "Full access blocking" matrix

Inputs

J1

Outputs

J5

J2 J6

J3

J7

4 X 4 “Common highway” matrix

Inputs

J1

J2

J3

J4

Drive

Figure 6. 4 x 4 “common highway” matrix

Outputs

J5

J6

J7

J8

J4

Drive

Figure 7. 4 x 4 “Full access blocking” matrix

J8

10

Full access (non-blocking)

Features:

• Can connect any input to any output simultaneously

• Multiple, simultaneous active channels

• Can connect any input to all outputs simultaneously

Advantages:

• High flexibility

• High throughput

• High isolation between outputs not connected to the same input

Disadvantages:

• Low isolation between outputs connected to the same input

• Bandwidth limited by power divider

• Higher insertion loss

Example specifications at 12 GHz for matix in Figure 8.

Insertion loss = 8 dB (typical)

VSWR at input port = 1.6:1 (typical)

Isolation = 20 dB (outputs connected to some input)

Isolation = 90 dB (outputs connected to different input)

Repeatability = 0.05 dB

Application specific matrices

As mentioned above, the final design is usually a combination of the three basic matrices and other application-specific design elements to satisfy your electrical requirements. However, in some cases, the final design is very application specific and does not resemble any of the basic matrices. Figure

4 is an example of a matrix designed for component testing.

4 X 4 "Full access non-blocking" matrix

Iinputs

J1

Outputs

J5

J2

J3

J4

Wilkinson divider

Drive

Figure 8. 4 x 4 “Full access non-blocking” matrix

J8

J6

J7

11

Expanding a switch matrix

If your ATE system requires provisions for future expansion, we use a building block design (Figures 9 and 10) that leaves unused terminals for later expansion of the matrix. Compared to similar designs without the provision for expansion, this design uses approximately 10 to 15 percent more switches and cables. The result is a more flexible design, but the cost is usually 10 to 15 percent higher. Also, performance cannot be as highly optimized.

Mechanical specifications

Switch matrix platforms

Agilent custom switch matrices are available in three different platforms:

1. Rack-and-Stack (Agilent system II):

The Agilent 8760 series matrices are rack-mount boxes with connector type and location designed to your specification. If your application imposes size and/or weight constraints on the matrix, please specify these. The frequency of operation is DC to 50 GHz.

2. VXI:

The Agilent E6490 series are custom switch matrices in the VXI platform. The frequency of operation is DC to 26.5 GHz.

3. MMS:

Agilent provides custom switch matrices up to 50 GHz in the MMS platform. These are the

Agilent 70612X series matrices. In addition to these custom solutions, Agilent offers a family of standard MMS switch matrix modules. These are the 70612A/C and 70613A/C. For more information on these matrices, refer to the MMS catalog, publication number 5965-2818.

Connectors

When ordering a matrix, specify the RF connectors.

In addition to frequency range, the expected number of connections and disconnections determines the best connector. Connector savers are recomended, since system repeatability depends on good connections and the cost of replacing original connectors is high.

Inputs

1

1

Expansion inputs

2 3 4

1

6 WAY

POWER

DIVIDER

2

3

6 WAY

POWER

DIVIDER

2

3

Expansion outputs

6 WAY

POWER

DIVIDER

4 4

6 WAY

POWER

DIVIDER

SP6T

SWITCH

SP6T

SWITCH

SP6T

SWITCH

SP6T

SWITCH

Outputs 1 2 3 4

Figure 9. 4 x 4 “Non-blocking full access building block” matrix

Inputs

1

2

3

4

6 WAY

POWER

DIVIDER

6 WAY

POWER

DIVIDER

6 WAY

POWER

DIVIDER

6 WAY

POWER

DIVIDER

Inputs

1

2

3

4

1 2 3 4

6 WAY

POWER

DIVIDER

6 WAY

POWER

DIVIDER

6 WAY

POWER

DIVIDER

6 WAY

POWER

DIVIDER

SP6T

SWITCH

SP6T

SWITCH

SP6T

SWITCH

SP6T

SWITCH

1 2 3 4

1 1

2

3

4

2

3

4

SP6T

SWITCH

SP6T

SWITCH

SP6T

SWITCH

SP6T

SWITCH

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

1 2 3 4

1

6 WAY

POWER

DIVIDER

6 WAY

POWER

DIVIDER

6 WAY

POWER

DIVIDER

6 WAY

POWER

DIVIDER

6 WAY

POWER

DIVIDER

6 WAY

POWER

DIVIDER

6 WAY

POWER

DIVIDER

6 WAY

POWER

DIVIDER

SP6T

SWITCH

SP6T

SWITCH

SP6T

SWITCH

SP6T

SWITCH

1 2

3 4

1

2

3

4

SP6T

SWITCH

SP6T

SWITCH

SP6T

SWITCH

SP6T

SWITCH

2

3

4

Figure 10. 8 x 8 “Non-blocking full access building block” matrix

12

For applications to 18 GHz, request SMA connectors if there is to be little connector wear. A low-cost connector saver is available from Agilent (part number

1250-1462, SMA male-to-SMA female adapter). For greater durability, order Type-N or APC-7 connectors.

For operation up to 26.5 GHz, there are three alternatives:

1. APC-3.5 female connectors with replaceable inner and outer conductors;

2. APC-3.5 male connectors with female-to-female adapters; and

3. APC-3.5 male connectors with a precision adapter.

Above 26.5 GHz, APC-2.4 connectors are usually required.

Agilent can also build matrices with Blind Mate connectors and any other type of connector you request.

Readback, front panel schematic, and LEDs

Matrices can be designed in two ways: with or without a provision called readback for determining the position of each switch and attenuator.

Readback can be obtained in three ways:

1. Immediate position verification of the last switching command by an Agilent 87130A or

70611A driver. This “sense” mode only occurs after switching (speed is about 50 ms) and cannot be used as an “interrogator” at times other than immediately after switching. Software commands for switching with this readback system are slightly more complicated than without readback.

2. The Agilent 3488A with 44474A digital I/O cards installed can provide position verification at any time using the “read” or “view” command. The 3488A also has manual push-button capability. When the number of switches is high, the 3488A becomes a more expensive driver solution than the 87130A.

If your choice of switch matrix platform is VXI,

VXI I/O cards are also available.

3. Routing internal switch indicator circuits to a rear panel connector provides TTL high and low states to be read by an external device. This external device can be an Agilent 3488A with I/O card or a customized solution.

Readback may be combined with front panel LEDs, which indicate switch and attenuator positions, and these can be combined with a silk-screened front panel signal flow schematic. This feature is an excellent software and hardware troubleshooting tool, since the operator can tell at a glance which path is activated. Although it is a useful feature, a front panel schematic can be expensive.

Also, the LEDs require extra engineering and assembly time for the DC wiring and circuitry required to drive them.

Manual switches

Matrices can also be controlled manually using front and back panel manual switches. This feature is attractive for applications in which the ATE system must be troubleshot in a remote area. If you have the manual control option, you don’t need to be in the computer room to change a path, since all paths may be selected from the matrix front panel.

Since additional mechanical and electrical design time is needed, as well as about 30 percent more assembly time, this feature adds cost to your matrix.

13

Ordering Process

Agilent accepts orders for custom switch matrices in two ways: build-to-print and build-to-spec.

Build-to-print means you provide the RF design and Agilent builds the matrix. However, there is usually some additional engineering required to create DC schematics, a mechanical layout, assembly and test procedures, and the cable design for the automatic bending process. Also, in some cases, Agilent designers may suggest some modifications to the original design to reduce cost and/ or add capabilities.

In the case of build-to-print, we need a detailed RF schematic of the matrix and the bill of materials.

We guarantee that we will build the unit exactly as designed. The specifications are therefore governed by your design.

When you contact your Agilent sales representative about a build-to-print order, he/she will ask you for the diagram and bill of materials. The representative will then work with Agilent designers to provide you with a formal proposal. In this proposal, we define the deliverables, price and delivery of the units. Agilent requests that a copy of the proposal signed by you accompany the order to ensure agreement on the deliverables.

In the case of build-to-spec, you provide the specifications and Agilent designs, assembles, and delivers a complete solution. The Agilent representative will provide you a switch matrix specification form to fill out. (Appendix A contains the switch matrix specification form.) The answers to the questions on this form give the engineers all the information needed to design the optimized switch matrix and provide you a quote for price and delivery. If you have a written specification, please include a copy along with the Agilent specification form. Agilent will then provide a proposal based on this information. The proposal will include a block diagram of the design, the guaranteed specifications and, if applicable, exceptions to some parameters. In many cases, there will be a direct interaction between you and Agilent designers to make sure we are designing exactly what you need. We may also make suggestions for price reductions or design improvements. As in the build-to-print case,

Agilent requires a signed copy of the proposal with the order.

Upon receiving the order, Agilent designs the matrix based on the agreed specifications. When the design phase is complete, you get one more opportunity to review the design and give your final approval before the fabrication phase begins.

14

Deliverables

Your custom switch matrix is delivered to you with a complete service manual. The manual includes

RF schematics; DC wiring diagrams; a complete parts list; front, rear, and internal mechanical layouts; and all the information you need to service the unit. The matrix is normally backed with a oneyear warranty.

Conclusion

Agilent will design and manufacture a custom switch matrix for your ATE system using the detailed information you provide on the switch matrix specification form. Our expert sales and engineering team works with you during the design phase to ensure that your matrix is optimized for your application, with the features and functions that you require.

15

Appendix A

Switch matrix specification form

Date: ______________ Customer Name: _____________________________________________________________

Project#:___________________________ (Agilent internal)

{ } Standalone Matrix { } Part of:____________Quantity:_______

Block diagram/Schematic provided: { } Yes { } No

{ } Full Access { } Common Highway

{ } Blocking (each input to one output at a time)

{ } Non-blocking (each input to any/all outputs)

# of inputs_________ # of outputs_________

Note: Ask your Agilent representative for information regarding the above matrix design choices.

Physical/mechanical specs

Mechanical:

What platform is requested?____________________________ (i.e., VXI, MMS, System II, custom, or don’t care)

Size/Space/Weight constraints?______________________________________________________________________

Connectors requested:

RF:__________ Other:________

Connector type, locations and layout constraints (i.e., front or rear):

Input:________ Output:________

Auxiliary components required?_________________________________

Need rack slides? { } Yes { } No

Flanges: { } Yes { } No { } with handles { } without handles

Environmental testing required? { } Yes { } No If yes specify:________________________________

Environmental specs required? { } Yes { } No

If yes specify: _________________________________________________

User Interface: ________________________________________________

Mode of control: { } GPIB { } Manual { } Both { } Other

Type of switch driver:__________________________________________

*Indicators required? { } Yes { } No { } LED’s { } Readback

*Front panel schematics required?______________________________

*Special layout/mechanical/electrical requirements: ___________________________________________________

*Requires extra design and assembly effort. May increase the price of your matrix significantly.

16

Power supply:

Voltage _______ Current ______

Customer-specified parts list (i.e., attenuators, amplifiers, filters, etc.):

__________ __________ __________ } Need specs, mechanical

__________ __________ __________ } drawings, etc.

Customer furnished equipment: { } Yes { } No

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

Functional/electrical specs

Frequency range: ________________

Insertion loss/gain:

Frequency Max Min. Max. input power Rqd. output power

________ ____ ____ ________________ _____________________

________ ____ ____ ________________ _____________________

If specs are different for each matrix path, please fill out Table 1 (below). If available, please provide us a block diagram.

VSWR: ______________ Are unused I/O’s terminated?____________

Isolation: _______________________________________________________

Equal paths/phase matching: { } Yes { } No

If yes: What is the tolerance and over what frequency?______________

Which path(s) does this apply to? _________________________________

Other/active component spec (e.g., noise figure, conversion loss, distortion, or spurious):

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

Please fill out this form as completely as possible. A blank represents NO SPECIFICATION to our engineering team.

Agilent uses best design practice to give you the best possible solution for your requirements.

Table 1. Insertion Loss/Gain Specifications

Max Min Max input power Rqd. output power Path

5

6

3

4

1

2

7

8

9

10

VSWR Isolation Unused I/O’s terminated

17

Appendix B

Popular Agilent coaxial switches

Agilent Frequency

Model Range

Features

8761A

dc to 18 GHz • 1 million cycles

8761B

dc to 18 GHz • Selectable connector configuration

8762A

dc to 4 GHz • 1 million cycles

8762B

dc to 18 GHz • High repeatability

8762C

dc to 26.5 GHz • All-ports terminated

8762F

dc to 4 GHz • Current interrupts and

(75

Ω) position indication capability

• TTL/5V CMOS option

8763A

dc to 4 GHz • 1 million cycles

8763B

dc to 18 GHz • High repeatability

8763C

dc to 26.5 GHz • 1-port terminated

• Current interrupts and position indication capability

• TTL/5V CMOS option

8764A

dc to 4 GHz • 1 million cycles

8764B

dc to 18 GHz • High repeatability

8764C

dc to 26.5 Ghz • Unterminated

• Current interrupts and position indication capability

• TTL/5V CMOS option

8765A

dc to 4 GHz • Highest frequency range

8765B

dc to 20 GHz • 5 million cycle

8765C

dc to 26.5 GHz • High repeatability

8765D

dc to 40 GHz • Unterminated

8765F

dc to 4 GHz

(75

Ω)

P r o d u c t C a t e g o r y

Multiport

High

Connectors Performance Reliability Performance Low-profile Performance

4-port 5-port SP3T SP4T SP5T SP6T SP4T SP6T

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

8766K

dc to 26.5 GHz • 5 million cycles

8767K

dc to 26.5 GHz • High repeatability

8768K

dc to 26.5 GHz • Unterminated

8769K

dc to 26.5 GHz • Current interrupts and position indication capability

87104A dc to 4 GHz • 5 million cycles

87104B dc to 20 GHz • High repeatability

87104C dc to 26.5 GHz • All-ports terminated

87106A dc to 4 GHz • Optoelectronic interrupts

87106B dc to 20 GHz and position indicators

87106C dc to 26.5 GHz • TTL/5V CMOS option

87204A dc to 4 GHz • 5 million cycles

87204B dc to 20 GHz • High repeatability

87204C dc to 26.5 GHz • All-ports terminated

87206A dc to 4 GHz • Optoelectronic

87206B dc to 20 GHz interrupts and

87206C dc to 26.5 GHz position indication

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

18

Specifications

Agilent Model

Configuration

Features

Impedance

Frequency range

Insertion loss (dB)

SWR (through line)

8766K

SP3T

Isolation (dB)

Input power

Average

Peak

2

Switching time (max)

Repeatability (max)

3

Life (min)

RF connectors

DC connectors

Options

Supply voltage,

Current, and impedance

Supply voltage range

Supply voltage (nom)

Current (nom)

Impedance (nom)

RF connectors

DC connectors

Calibration documentation

8767K 8768K

SP4T

Unterminated

Break-before-make

Current interrupts

SP5T

Position indication capability

1

50

Ω dc to 26.5 GHz

Signal path

Common to port 1: 0.2 dB + 0.05 dB x f (GHz)

Common to port 2: 0.2 dB + 0.06 dB x f (GHz)

Common to port 3: 0.2 dB + 0.08 dB x f (GHz)

Common to port 4: 0.25 dB + 0.095 dB x f (GHz)

Common to port 5: 0.25 dB + 0.108 dB x f (GHz)

Common to port 6: 0.25 dB + 0.12 dB x f (GHz)

<1.3 to 8 GHz

<1.5 to 12.4 GHz

<1.6 to 18 GHz

<1.8 to 26.5 GHz

See chart on page 102

8769K

SP6T

<1.3 to 8 GHz

<1.55 to 12.4 GHz

<1.8 to 18 GHz

<2.05 to 26.5 GHz

1 W

100 W (10 µs max)

30 ms

0.01 dB to 18 GHz

0.05 dB to 26.5 GHz

5,000,000 cycles

3.5 mm (f)

Viking cable connector

Std.

Opt. 011 Opt. 015

20 to 30 Vdc

24 Vdc

4.5 to 7 Vdc

5 Vdc

13 to 22 Vdc

15 Vdc

130 mA

185

Ω, 65 mH

332 mA

17

Ω, 5.5 mH

Opt. 002: SMA (f) 4

Opt. 008: 8-inch ribbon cable

187 mA

80

Ω, 30 mH

Opt. 016: 16-inch ribbon cable

See ordering information

1. Provides position sensing when used with Agilent 87130A/70611A switch driver or customer supplied external circuitry.

2. Not to exceed 1 W average (non-switching).

3. Measured at 25° C.

4. Use to 18 GHz only.

19

Specifications

Agilent Model

Configuration

Features

Impedance

Frequency range

Insertion Loss (dB)

SWR

Isolation (dB)

Input Power

Average

Peak

3

Switching Time (ms)

Repeatability (max)

4

Life (min)

Supply Voltage and Current

Supply Voltage Range

Supply Voltage (nom)

Current (nom)

5

RF Connectors

DC Connectors

87104A

87104B

87104C

SP4T

87106A

87106B

87106C

87204A

87204B

87204C

87206A

87206B

87206C

SP6T

Terminated

Break-before-make or make-before-break

SP4T

Terminated

Break-before-make or make-before-break

SP6T

Optoelectronic current interrupts

Optoelectronic position indicator

1

Optoelectronic current interrupts

Optoelectronic position indication capability

2

Internal control logic Direct path control

50

Ω

A: dc to 4 GHz

B: dc to 20 GHz

C: dc to 26.5 GHz

0.3 + 0.015 x freq (GHz)

<1.2: dc to 4 GHz

<1.35: 4 to 12.4 GHz

<1.45: 12.4 to 18 GHz

<1.7: 18 to 26.5 GHz

>100 dB: dc to 4 GHz

>80 dB: 12 to 15 GHz

>70 dB: 15 to 20 GHz

>65 dB: 20 to 26.5 GHz

1 W

50 W (10 µs max)

<15

0.03 dB

5,000,000 cycles

20 to 32 Vdc

24 Vdc

SMA (f)

Ribbon cable receptacle

200 mA

Options

Control logic

DC connectors

Calibration

Documentation

87104A,B,C 87106A,B,C 87204A,B,C

Opt. T24: TTL/5V CMOS compatible logic with 24 Vdc supply

Opt. 100: Solder terminals

See ordering information

N/A

87206A,B,C

20

1. Position sensing when used with customer supplied external circuitry only.

2. Position sensing when used with Agilent 87130A/70611A switch driver or customer supplied external circuitry.

3. Not to exceed average power (non-switching).

4. Measured at 25˚ C.

5. Closing one RF path requires 200 mA. Add 200 mA for each additional RF path closed or opened.

Appendix C

Agilent switch drivers and interface modules

Agilent 11713A attenuator/switch driver

The 11713A attenuator/switch driver provides simple GPIB control of up to ten 24 Vdc solenoidactivated switches or attenuator sections. The

11713A supplies 24 Vdc common and ten pairs of current sinking contacts to control up to 10 relays.

The internal 24 Vdc power supply of the 11713A can deliver control signals totaling 0.625 amps continuously or 1.25 amps for one second. Each

11713A comes equipped with two plug-in drive cables for driving attenuators. Other cables are also available. The convenient front panel controls allow manual control of individual attenuator sections and/or switches.

Agilent 70611A attenuator/switch driver for MMS

The 70611A is a 1/8 MMS module capable of driving up to 248 electromechanical switches or attenuator switch sections. The 70611A is MSIB, SCPI, and

GPIB compatible. In addition to being programmable, the 70611A features an extremely user-friendly manual interface via any MMS display unit. The highlight of the manual interface is the operator’s ability to customize groups of switch control lines and their settings, then identify these switch settings with user-defined alphanumeric labels. In this manner, end users of the 70611A can define custom menus with their own identification labels for simplified manual control.

The 70611A can store up to 256 user-defined, labeled paths. Path definitions can be stored in non-volatile

EPROM. Groups of paths can be stored in “directories” for easier access to similar path commands. The

70611A controls switches or attenuator sections in banks of 31 (eight banks total) through individual

Agilent 84940A I/O driver cards, which are in turn directly wired to the switches and/or attenuators.

Agilent 70612/613 series MMS interface modules

In addition to custom interface modules, Agilent offers off-the-shelf interface solutions in MMS.

The 70612 (1 x 6 switch tree) series and 70613

(2 x 5 switch tree) series are microwave matrixes available in 2/8 MMS modules with integrated controllers. They are equipped with front panel indicators to facilitate manual use, and the integrated controller has all the capabilities of the

70611A attenuator/switch driver. A variety of options are available for the 70612/13 series, including performance to 26.5 GHz, terminated or unterminated switches, integrated attenuators and a choice of port locations. For a more detailed description of these products, refer to publication number 5091-4897E, Modular Measurement

System Data Sheet.

Agilent 87130A attenuator/switch driver

The 87130A is a 3.5-inch high (2 rack units), full rack width attenuator/switch driver capable of driving up to 248 electromechanical switches or attenuator sections. The 87130A is controlled over

GPIB via standard commands for programmable instruments (SCPI). The 87130A has been designed for use in both ATE switching systems and computer controlled bench-top applications. Control and programming are accomplished via application programs in IBASIC, RMB, C, or Pascal. An ITG driver is also available for use separately or in conjunction with

Agilent’s Visual Engineering Environment (VEE).

The 87130A is electronically identical to the 70611A and shares its performance characteristics with the exception of the method of manual control. The

87130A has no front panel controls. Manual control of the 87130A is realized through its ITG driver and a computer controller. The 87130A can drive

31 switches or attenuator sections directly and up to an additional 217 switches via seven additional

Agilent 84940A driver cards. A distribution board,

84941A (see opposite), is available to facilitate the interconnection of the 87130A to switches or attenuators.

Agilent E1368A, E1369A, and E1370A VXI attenuator and switch drivers

Agilent’s VXI family of instrumentation includes modules for microwave switching and attenuation control up to 18.0 GHz. The E1368A contains three

21

factory-installed SPDT switches such as the Agilent

8762B which feature all-port termination, dc to

18.0 GHz. The E1369A is identical to the E1368A except that the switches are not included. This allows user-substitution of Agilent 8763/64 series transfer switches. The E1370A allows the user to customize the internal configuration for Agilent

8766 series multiport switches or 8494/95/96/97 series step attenuators.

For more information, request a copy of the Agilent

VXI catalog, publication number 5964-3970E (5964-

6898E in CD format).

Agilent 84940A switch driver and Agilent 84941A distribution card

The 84940A is an expansion driver card for the

70611/12/13 family of MMS attenuator/switch drivers and the 87130A attenuator/switch driver.

The 84940A has been designed for incorporation into large interfaces located remotely from their controller. A single 84940A can control up to 31 switches and can be located up to 150 feet (45 m) from an Agilent 70611/12/13 or Agilent 87130A.

The physical interconnection to the switches or attenuators is realized via 31 four-pin output connectors which permit quick connection and disconnection of the switches or attenuators. The

84941A is a signal distribution card designed to simplify the interconnection of the drive cable from

87130A to the 31 components directly driven by these controllers. The 84941A also provides 31 fourpin connectors for convenient interconnection to switches or attenuators. Included with the Agilent

84941A is a pack of 31 cables, to connect as many as 31 switches or attenuator sections to the 84941A.

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Support is available for at least five years beyond the production life of the product. Two concepts underlie Agilent’s overall support policy: “Our Promise” and “Your Advantage.”

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When you are choosing new equipment, we will help you with product information, including realistic performance specifications and practical recommendations from experienced test engineers. When you use Agilent equipment, we can verify that it works properly, help with product operation, and provide basic measurement assistance for the use of specified capabilities, at no extra cost upon request. Many self-help tools are available.

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Product specifications and descriptions in this document subject to change without notice.

Copyright © 1998, 2000 Agilent Technologies

Printed in U.S.A. January 17, 2001

5966-2916E