EnerSys XE, EP Genesis Purelead Battery Application manual

APPLICATION

MANUAL

SEVENTH EDITION

Genesis

™

Purelead

XE and EP

Publication No: US-GPL-AM-003 - September 2006

Genesis XE & EP Application Manual

Preface to the Seventh

Edition

This edition of the Genesis

™ application manual has been necessitated by several factors.

First is to introduce the Genesis

XE range of batteries, packaged to offer the same superior performance characteristics of the Genesis EP battery in more physically demanding applications such as high temperature and high vibration environments.

Appendix A offers exhaustive constant current (CC) and constant power (CP) performance data and graphs for the full range of Genesis XE batteries to several end voltages.

Appendix B offers the same information for the EP series.

Chapter 4 is new to this edition.

It offers guidelines on the installation, operation and maintenance of Genesis batteries, with the goal of maximizing performance and service life.

Finally, new and updated test data have been included throughout the text, wherever available and deemed appropriate.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface to the Seventh Edition

Chapter 1: Introducing the Genesis Battery

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

Background

Transportation classification

UL component recognition

Non-halogenated plastics

Key Genesis benefits

Chapter 2: Technical Information

2.1

Introduction

2.2

2.3

Choosing the right Genesis version

Battery life

2.4

2.5

2.6

Constant-power and constant-current discharge performance 5

Charging characteristics & requirements

Constant-voltage (CV) regime

6

7

4

4

4

4

2.7

2.8

Constant-current (CC) regime

Three-step (IUU) charge profile

2.9

Storage characteristics

2.10

Self discharge

2.11

Open circuit voltage (OCV) and state of charge (SOC)

2.12

Procedure to recover overdischarged batteries

10

10

9

9

7

8

Chapter 3: General Test Data

3.1

Introduction

3.2

3.3

Thermal runaway test

Gassing test

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

DIN standard overdischarge recovery test

High temperature storage recovery test

Altitude test

Accelerated float life test

Performance test at different temperatures

12

12

12

12

13

11

11

11

11

2

3

3

3

3

3

3

Chapter 4: Installation, Operation & Maintenance

4.1

Introduction

4.2

4.3

Receiving the shipment

Storage

4.4

Installation

4.4.1

Temperature

4.4.2

Ventilation

4.4.3

Security

4.4.4

Mounting

4.4.5

Torque

4.5

Parallel strings

4.6

Discharging

Appendix A: Genesis XE Discharge Characteristics

Appendix B: Genesis EP Discharge Characteristics

13

13

13

13

13

14

14

14

14

14

14

14

15-24

25-31

2

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1.1 Background

Since its introduction in the early 1990s, the Genesis thin plate pure lead-tin (TPPL) battery has established itself as a premium high performance battery suitable for a wide range of demanding applications. Today, TPPL technology can be found in applications as diverse as emergency power, avionics, medical, military and consumer equipment.

The Genesis TPPL battery is offered in either the EP or

XE version, and Table 2.2.1 shows the differences between the two versions.

1.2 Transportation classification

Effective September 30, 1995, Genesis batteries were classified as "nonspillable batteries", and are excepted from the Department of Transportation’s comprehensive packaging requirements if the following conditions are satisfied: (1) The battery is protected against short circuits and is securely packaged and (2) The battery and outer packaging must be plainly and durably marked

"NONSPILLABLE" or "NONSPILLABLE BATTERY".

Genesis shipments from the Warrensburg location, will be properly labeled in accordance with applicable regulations. Packaging changes performed at other

locations may require additional labeling, since in addition to the battery itself containing the required marking, the outer packaging of the battery must also contain the required marking: "NONSPILLABLE" or

"NONSPILLABLE BATTERY".

Genesis batteries have been tested and determined to be in compliance with the vibration and pressure differential tests contained in 49 CFR § 173.159(d).

Because Genesis batteries are classified as

"Nonspillable" and meet the conditions above, [from §

173.159(d)] they do not have an assigned UN number nor do they require additional DOT hazard labeling.

1.3 UL component recognition

All Genesis batteries are recognized as UL components.

1.4 Non-halogenated plastics

As the world becomes more environmentally aware,

EnerSys is striving to provide the most environmentally friendly products possible. With this in mind, we are proud to say that the plastics used in our Genesis product line are non-halogenated and therefore do not contain any of the following materials:

Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB)

Polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBBE)

Polybrominated biphenyloxides (PBBO)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDPE)

Polybrominated diphenyl oxides (PBDPO)

Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBA)

Deca-bromo biphenyl ethers (DBBPE’s).

The battery meets the non-halogenated flame retardancy requirements of UL 94V-0 by using plastics with nonhalogenated flame retardants. Finally, the plastic material used in the manufacturing of Genesis batteries is in full compliance with the German Dioxin Ordinance of 1994.

1.5 Key Genesis benefits

Table 1.5.1 lists some of this battery’s features and benefits. The Genesis battery is well suited for any application - high rate, low rate, float or deep discharge cycling.

Table 1.5.1: Key features and benefits of the Genesis battery

Feature

High volumetric and gravimetric power densities

Thin-plate design

Low internal resistance

Negligible gassing under normal charge

100% maintenance-free terminals

Flexible mounting orientation

Rugged construction

Advanced manufacturing techniques

Very high purity lead-tin grid

Non-halogenated flame retardant case and cover

Excellent high-rate recharge capability

Low self-discharge

Wide operating temperature

Benefit

More power in less space and weight

Superior high rate discharge capability

Flatter voltage profile under high-rate discharge; excellent low temperature performance 1

Safe for use in human environments such as offices and hospitals. Must be installed in non-gastight enclosures

True fit-and-forget battery

Battery may be installed in any position except inverted

Tolerant of high shock and vibration environments, especially the

XE version

High reliability and consistency

Lower corrosion rates and longer life

Meets UL 94 V-0 requirement, with an LOI >28%

Allows >90% recharge in under an hour

Longest shelf life among VRLA batteries (2 years at 25ºC or 77ºF)

-40ºC (-40ºF) to +80ºC (176ºF)

1 See Table 2.4.1 and Figure 2.4.1 in Section 2.4 of Chapter 2

2 The XE version of the Genesis battery may be used at 80ºC (176ºF) when fitted with a metal jacket

2

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4

2.1 Introduction

This section is at the heart of this manual. Because of the wide variety of data and information included in this chapter, it is divided into smaller, self-contained sections, allowing the reader to locate specific information in the quickest possible time.

2.2 Choosing the right Genesis version

As mentioned before, the Genesis pure lead-tin battery is available in EP and XE versions. The EP battery is adequate under most operating conditions.

Special application situations such as high ambient temperature or high shock and vibration require the

XE version.

Table 2.2.1 summarizes the differences between the two versions and is designed to help you choose the right version for your application. In this table, the differences are highlighted in

red boldfaced

.

Table 2.2.1: Choosing the right Genesis version

Feature

Technology

Genesis EP Genesis XE

Pure lead-tin absorbed glass mat (AGM)

Float life @ 2.27 volts per cell (Vpc) charge

10 years @ 25ºC (77ºF)

Cycle life

N/A

400 to 80% depth of discharge (DOD)

Shock & vibration tolerance

Operating temperature range

Shelf life @ 25ºC (77ºF)

Capacity @ 10-hr. rate

Weight

Dimensions

Good

• -40ºC to +45ºC (-40°F to 113°F)

Better

• -40ºC to +45ºC (-40°F to 113°F)

• -40ºC to +60ºC (-40°F to 140°F) with metal jacket (denoted EPX)

• -40ºC to +80ºC (-40°F to 176°F) with metal jacket (denoted XEX)

2 years from 100% charged down to 12V per block

100% (reference)

≈

95%

100% (reference)

≈

105%

Quick charge

Overdischarge abuse tolerance

High-rate discharge

Flame retardant rating

Same footprint

6C to 8C charge acceptance at room temperature

Exceeds DIN standard for overdischarge recovery

100% (reference)

≈

95%

Case & cover color

Shipping

Black

V-0 rated case and cover

Orange

Air shippable with no restrictions

2.3 Battery life

The life expectancy of a Genesis battery depends on the specific application. It is expressed in terms of either cycles or years. While life in years is self-explanatory, a cycle refers to a sequence in which a charged battery is discharged and then charged back up. One complete sequence constitutes one cycle. In general, if the battery is to be discharged frequently, cycle life rather than calendar life is more relevant. On the other hand, if the battery is to be used primarily as power backup, calendar life of the battery should be considered.

In situations where one is not quite sure whether the application is cyclic or standby (float), the following criteria may be used to determine the application category:

If the average time on charge between two successive discharges is thirty (30) days, the application may be considered to be of a standby (float) nature.

The minimum time between two successive discharges must not be less than fourteen (14) days.

If either of these two criteria is not satisfied, the application should be considered cyclic.

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While several factors affect the life of a battery, cycle life depends primarily on the depth of discharge (DOD). At a

DOD of 80%, the Genesis battery will deliver about 400 cycles; at 100% DOD, that number decreases to about

320 cycles. All cycle life estimates assume adequate

charging. Figure 2.3.1 shows the relationship between

DOD and cycle life.

1000000

Charge profile:

[email protected] VPC for 16 hours

Current limit at 1C

100000 in this case would be 2 (1.5) or 2.83. A 10-year battery in this situation should be expected to last only about

3.5 years (10/2.83 =3.5). Figure 2.3.2 graphically shows the relationship between temperature and float life for the EP and XE series batteries, assuming temperature compensation and a reference temperature of 25ºC

(77ºF).

100

Genesis EP Genesis XE

10

10000

1

1000

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Depth of discharge, DOD%

70 80 90 100

Figure 2.3.1: Cycle life and depth of discharge (DOD)

In contrast to cycle life, ambient temperature dramatically affects float life. For roughly every 8°C rise in ambient temperature above 25ºC (77ºF), the float life of a VRLA battery is cut in half. In other words, a 10-year battery at 25°C (77°F) is only a 5-year battery at 33°C

(91°F). Additionally, float life is cut in half for every

100mV per cell over the recommended float charge voltage.

The relationship between ambient temperature and expected float life is given by the Arrhenius equation.

The equation defines the relationship between the ambient temperature and the rate of internal positivegrid corrosion of the battery, which is the normal process of battery aging.

A key point to note is that the temperature in question is the battery ambient temperature. If the system is in a

25°C (77°F) environment and the battery is installed next to a power transformer where the temperature averages

32°C (90°F), then all battery calculations must be based on 32°C (90°F).

The Arrhenius equation is the theoretical foundation for the relationship used in practice to derive the acceleration factor for a given temperature. The equation is shown below, in which AF is the acceleration factor and T is the battery ambient temperature in ºC.

AF = 2

(0.125T-3.125)

As an example, consider a battery in a float application at an ambient temperature of 37ºC (98.6ºF). Replacing T with 37 in the equation above the acceleration factor (AF)

0

15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Temperature,

°

C

50 55

Figure 2.3.2: Battery temperature and float life

60 65

2.4 Constant-power and constant-current discharge performance

Batteries are generally required to support either constant-power (CP) or constant-current (CC) loads.

CP and CC discharge curves are provided in Appendix A for Genesis XE and in Appendix B for Genesis EP batteries. The information is provided in both tabular and graphical formats, with each curve representing the discharge profile for a specific model to a specific end voltage. Consult an EnerSys technical support specialist

for applications requiring high power or high-current deliveries for periods less than the minimum run time shown on any graph or for operating temperature significantly different from 25ºC (77ºF).

If intermediate run times are required, such as watts per

battery for 7 minutes to 1.67 volts per cell, the graphs may be used to estimate the watts per battery available.

Generally speaking, most battery systems for indoor applications are in temperature-regulated environments.

However, there are occasions when this is not the case.

This can happen when the batteries are installed in close proximity to heat generating sources such as transformers. In such cases, the user should know what kind of life to expect from the batteries, since it is well established that a battery’s overall performance is sensitive to ambient temperature.

In addition to the dependence of battery life on ambient temperature, battery capacity also varies with temperature. Table 2.4.1 shows the variation in battery capacity as a function of the ambient temperature.

The capacity at 25ºC (77°F) is taken as 100%.

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6

Temperature

-20ºC 0ºC 25ºC 40ºC 55ºC

(-4°F) (32°F) (77°F) (104°F) (131°F)

Capacity @

15 min. rate

65% 84% 100% 110% 120%

Table 2.4.1: Effect of temperature on 15-minute discharge

A graph of capacity as a function of temperature for the

Genesis battery is shown in Figure 2.4.1 for various rates of discharge.

10

1

0.1

15 min. rate IC rate 0.2C rate

0.01

-40 -30

-20

-10 0

Temperature,

°

C

10 20

30 40

Figure 2.4.1: Capacity as a function of temperature

Although the Genesis battery may be used, with appropriate derating, from -40°C (-40°F) to 80°C (176°F), it is strongly recommended that every effort be made to install them in temperature-regulated environments.

Metal jackets are required for temperatures exceeding

45°C (113°F) continuous.

All battery temperatures refer to the temperatures experienced by the active materials inside the battery.

The time required by the active materials to reach thermal equilibrium within the battery environment may be considerable.

2.5 Charging characteristics & requirements

A constant-voltage (CV) regime is the preferred method of charging these batteries, although a constant-current

(CC) charger with appropriate controls may also be used.

There is no limit on the magnitude of the charge current during a CV charge. Because of the Genesis battery’s low internal resistance, it is able to accept any level of inrush current provided by a constant-voltage charger.

Note: The following paragraphs on battery

charging have been considerably simplified for better understanding. For example, no account has been taken of the polarization voltage. Second, the battery resistance has been assumed to be static.

This is a simplifying assumption since the battery’s internal resistance will change continuously during the charge cycle.

This dynamism in the impedance occurs because of the changing state of charge and the fact that the temperature of the active materials within the battery is dynamic.

Owing to these simplifications, the current magnitudes obtained in the sample calculations are exaggerated.

However, if one remembers that assumptions have been made and that the mathematical steps are for illustration

only, then the actual current values calculated become immaterial.

It is known from basic electric-circuit theory that the current in any circuit is directly proportional to the voltage differential in the circuit (Ohm’s Law). Therefore, as charging continues at a constant voltage, the charging current decreases due to the decreasing difference between the charger-output voltage and the batteryterminal voltage. Expressed differently, the charging current is at its highest value at the beginning of the charge cycle and at its lowest value at the end of the charge cycle.

Thus, in a CV charge circuit, the battery is the current regulating device in the circuit. It will draw only that amount of current as necessary to reach full charge.

Once it attains 100% state of charge, it continues to draw small currents in order to compensate for standing/parasitic losses.

Assume that the battery under consideration has an internal resistance of 4m

Ω

(0.004

Ω

) when fully charged.

Also, assume that it has an internal resistance of 8m

Ω

(0.008

Ω

) when discharged to an end voltage of 10.5

volts. However, the instant the load is removed from the battery, its voltage jumps back up to 12 volts, and this is the initial back electromotive force (EMF) the charger output terminals will see. The influence of this voltage on the charge-current inrush is illustrated in the initial and final charging magnitudes.

It is now decided to recharge the battery at a constant voltage of 2.25 volts per cell or 13.50 volts per battery.

Further, assume that when the battery reaches a state of full charge, the internal resistance reduces to 4m

Ω and the terminal voltage rises to 13.48V. For illustrative

purposes, this final end-of-charge terminal voltage has been kept deliberately slightly lower than the charging voltage.

In reality, the charging process is dynamic. As soon as a charging source is placed across the terminals of a discharged battery, its voltage begins rising in an attempt to match the charger-output voltage. Given enough time, one would expect that the battery voltage at some point would exactly equal the charger voltage, thereby reducing the voltage difference in the charging circuit to zero and thus forcing the charge current to zero. However, this does not happen because of the internal electrochemistry, which ensures that the battery will keep drawing small charging currents even when fully charged.

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However, almost immediately, the battery selfdischarges, depressing its terminal voltage below the charger voltage, thereby initiating a current flow once again. The entire process, as outlined in the previous paragraph, will then repeat itself.

Applying Ohm’s Law, which states that the current in a

circuit is equal to the voltage gradient (difference) in the

circuit divided by the total resistance in the circuit, and substituting the various parameters’ assumed values, we have the following charging currents. Note that all connection resistances, such as those for cables, are neglected for simplicity. This omission does not affect the outcome since its influence would be the same in both cases, neglecting changes due to electrical heating.

13.50 - 12.00

13.50 - 13.48

15

10

25

20

5

80% SOC 90% SOC 100% SOC

0

0 0.2

0.4

0.6

Recharge current in multiple of rated capacity

0.8

Figure 2.5.1: Recharge times under float charge

This example shows how the battery acts as a current regulator in a CV charge circuit, decreasing the current flow in the circuit to suit its own state of charge.

Thus, even if the current limit on the charger were

200 amperes, the battery would see an inrush current of

188 amperes, before it tapered off and finally dropped to its lowest value at the end of the charge cycle.

Although the 200A figure is impractical because of prohibitive charger costs, it serves to drive home the point that as far as the battery is concerned, a specific current limit is not necessary for Genesis batteries under

CV charging. In reality, the current limit would be dictated by a combination of technical and economic considerations. Note also that, in general, most other battery manufacturers recommend current limits based on battery capacity, usually 0.25C

10

, where C

10 is the

10-hour rating.

Increasing the current limit will reduce the total recharge time, but at greater cost. The reduction in recharge time occurs mainly up to the 90% state of charge level; the impact on total recharge time is much less. The chargeroutput voltage exercises a much greater influence on the total recharge time.

The question then becomes whether the reduction in the time needed for a recharge can justify the additional costs. In some critical applications, this may be the case, while in other situations the added cost may not be justifiable.

The time to recharge a battery under float charge is shown in Figure 2.5.1. The graphs show the time taken to reach three different states of charge. For example, with a charge current of 0.2C

10 amps the battery will get to 100% SOC in about 12 hours when charged at 13.62V

(2.27 Vpc).

2.90

2.80

2.70

Theoretical cycling (ideal)

V = 0.00004T

2

- 0.006T + 2.5745

2.60

2.50

2.40

2.30

2.20

2.10

-40

Theoretical float (ideal)

V = 0.00004T

2

- 0.006T + 2.3945 and 2.20VPC minium

-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

Temperature,

°

C

40 50 60 70 80

Figure 2.6.1: Temperature compensation graph

2.7 Constant-current (CC) regime

Unlike CV charging, CC charging requires the charge current to be limited to 0.33C

10 to avoid damaging the battery. Once 100% of previously discharged capacity has been returned the overcharge should be continued at a much lower rate, such as 0.002C

10

, i.e., at the

500-hour rate.

1

2.6 Constant-voltage (CV) regime

In a float or standby application the CV charger should be set at 13.5V to 13.8V at 25ºC (77ºF). For a cyclic application, the charge voltage should be set between

14.4V and 15V at 25ºC (77ºF). In both cases, the linearized temperature compensation factor is ±24mV per battery per ºC variation from 25ºC (77ºF). The higher the temperature the lower the charge voltage should be and vice versa.

Figure 2.6.1 shows the temperature compensation factor for float and cyclic applications. Equations representing the compensation curves are also shown in this figure.

Note that for both types of application there is no limit on the inrush current. We recommend the highest practical and economical current limit possible.

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8

When using a CC-charge regime, the charge current must switch from a high (starting) rate to a low

(finishing) rate when the battery reaches 100% state of charge. The point at which this switch occurs may be determined by using a timer or by sensing the battery voltage.

The timer setting can be determined by calculating the time needed to return 105% to 110% of the amperehours drawn out. However, this method should not be used unless the previously discharged capacity can be reliably and consistently measured.

Alternatively, the battery-terminal voltage can be used to trigger the transition from a high charge current to a low charge current. As the battery charges up, its voltage reaches a peak value and then begins to decline to the steady-state, fully charged value. The point at which this drop (point of inflection) begins depends on the charge current’s magnitude, as shown in Figure 2.7.1. Since the charge voltages in Figure 2.7.1 are on a per cell basis, simply multiply the numbers by 6 as all Genesis batteries are 12V units.

The inflection point may be used to switch the current from a high rate (

≤

0.33C

10

) to a low rate (

≈

0.002C

10

).

This is a more reliable method than amp-hour counting, as it is independent of the previously discharged capacity.

C/5

Voltage Profiles at 25

°

C (77

°

F)

Constant Current Charging

C/10

C/15

C/20

2.2

2

1.8

0

3

2.8

2.6

2.4

5 10 15

Time (Hours)

20 25 30

Figure 2.7.1: CC charging curves at 25ºC (77°F)

The Genesis battery may be recharged using either a constant-current (CC) or constant-voltage (CV) charger,

although the CV regime is the preferred method. This flexibility in the charging scheme is an advantage, since it is easy for the user to replace existing batteries with

Genesis without having to alter the charging circuitry.

Because of the thin plate pure lead-tin technology used in this battery, the internal resistance is significantly lower than that of conventional VRLA batteries. For example, the 26EP battery has an internal resistance of about 5m

Ω when fully charged. This compares very favorably with a typical value of 10 to 15m

Ω for competitive products of equal capacity.

The low internal resistance helps the Genesis battery accept large inrush currents without any harmful effects.

The heat generated by the charge current is kept at a low level because of the very low internal resistance value.

The very high recharge efficiency of this battery also allows high inrush currents. In tests performed on the

26Ah product, the initial current drawn by the battery was 175 amperes. The Genesis battery may be recharged much more rapidly than conventional VRLA batteries because of its ability to safely accept very high currents.

Table 2.7.1 demonstrates this quick charge capability when using a CV charge of 14.7V.

Capacity returned

60%

80%

100%

Magnitude of inrush current

0.8C

10

44 min.

57 min.

1.5 hrs.

1.6C

10

20 min.

28 min.

50 min.

Table 2.7.1: Inrush current and charge time

3.1C

10

10 min.

14 min.

30 min.

This fast-charge capability is remarkable in a VRLA battery. This feature makes the Genesis battery competitive with a nickel-cadmium battery, which traditionally had an advantage over lead acid batteries due to its short charge times.

The quick charge capability of the Genesis battery makes it particularly suitable for applications where the battery has to be returned quickly to a high state of charge after a discharge.

2.8 Three-step (IUU) charge profile

A three-step charge profile developed for use with the

Genesis TPPL battery is shown in Figure 2.8.1. The first step (bulk charge) is a constant current (CC) charge with a minimum current of 40% of the 10-hour (C

10

) rating of the battery. For example, to use this profile effectively on the 16Ah battery, the minimum charge current must be

6.4 amps.

Bulk charge continues until the battery voltage reaches

14.7V. The charger then switches to a constant voltage

(CV) mode at 14.7V and the absorption charge phase begins.

The charger switches to the temperature-compensated float phase when either the current drops to 25% of the bulk charge current (0.1C

10 amps) or the time in the absorption phase reaches 8 hours, whichever occurs first.

If the charger has a timer override so that the absorption phase does not exceed 8 hours, the threshold current at which the charger switches from absorption phase to float phase should be reduced to 0.001C

10

. This equals

16mA for the 16Ah battery discussed in the earlier example.

If the charger does not have a timer the trigger to switch from absorption phase to float phase should be set at

0.1C

10

.

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Note: The battery will not be fully charged when a

switch from absorption to float charge is made when the current drops to 0.1C

10

. The battery will need a minimum of 16-24 hours on float charge before it is fully charged. The battery may be used as soon as the switch to float is made, but repeatedly cycling it without the necessary 16-24 hours’ on float charge will cause premature failure of the battery.

Alternatively, the charger can stay in the absorption phase for a fixed 8 hours. Once this absorption charge time is over, the charger can switch to a temperaturecompensated float voltage. The advantage with this design is a less complex circuit because it is not necessary to monitor the charge current in the absorption phase.

Table 2.8.1 lists the different IUU charge profile options.

A check mark indicates the feature is available in the charger, while X indicates a charger that does not have the feature. Note that all three designs have bulk, absorption and float charge phases. The differences between the three designs are limited to (a) whether a timer is available, (b) whether the circuit monitors the charge current and (c) the magnitude of the threshold current, if it is used to trigger the switch from absorption charge to float charge.

Table 2.8.1: IUU charger design options

Feature

Bulk Absorption Timer Trigger

Design 1

✓

Design 2

Design 3

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

X

0.001C

10 amps

X

0.10C

10 amps

Float

✓

✓

✓

Design 1:

The charger has a timer and a current threshold that triggers the switch from absorption charge to float charge. Since the timer is present, the trigger current is set low. If the current does not drop to 0.001C

10 amps within 8 hours on absorption charge, the timer will force the switch to a temperature-compensated float charge.

Design 2:

The charger does not switch to a float charge based on a preset charge current. Rather, the timer stays in the absorption phase for 8 hours before switching to a temperature-compensated float charge.

Design 3:

The charger has no timer. Since switching depends solely on the charge current dropping to a set level, the threshold is set high enough to ensure the charger will always switch to a float charge. In this design the battery will not be fully charged at the start of the float charge.

A minimum of 16-24 hours on float will be required to complete the charge.

Figure 2.8.1: Three-step (IUU) charge profile

Bulk charge

(RED)

8-hour absorption charge

(ORANGE)

14.7V

Continuous float charge

(GREEN)

13.6V

Charge voltage

0.4C

10 min

Charge current

NOTES:

1. Charger LED stays RED in bulk charge phase (DO NOT TAKE BATTERY OFF CHARGE)

2. LED changes to ORANGE in absorption charge phase (BATTERY AT 80% STATE OF CHARGE)

3. LED changes to GREEN in float charge phase (BATTERY FULLY CHARGED)

4. Charge voltage is temperature compensated at

±

24mV per battery per ºC variation from 25ºC

2.9 Storage characteristics

Improper storage is a common form of battery misuse.

High storage temperature and inadequate frequency of freshening charges are examples of improper storage.

In order to better understand the various mechanisms influencing sealed-lead batteries kept in storage, the following paragraphs discuss in general terms several aspects of the batteries’ storage requirements.

2.10 Self discharge

All batteries lose charge over time when kept on open circuit. This phenomenon is termed self-discharge.

If the capacity loss due to self-discharge is not compensated by recharging in a timely fashion, the capacity loss may become irrecoverable due to irreversible sulfation, where the active materials (PbO

2

, lead dioxide, at the positive plates and sponge lead at the negative plates) are gradually converted into an electroinactive form of lead sulfate, PbSO

4

. If the capacity loss associated with self-discharge is not replenished, the battery ultimately fails because storage is electrochemically equivalent to a very low rate of discharge.

Storage temperature is the key factor influencing the self-discharge rate because it plays a major role in determining the speed at which the internal chemical reaction proceeds. The higher the temperature, the faster the speed of chemical reactions.

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9

10

Just as every 8°C rise in operating temperature cuts the battery’s life expectancy in half, so does every 8°C increase in ambient temperature reduce the storage life of a battery by 50%. Conversely, a reduction in storage temperature will have the reverse effect by increasing the allowable storage time.

2.11 Open circuit voltage (OCV) and state of charge

(SOC)

Since most batteries are subject to some kind of storage, it is important for the user to have some method of accurately estimating the battery capacity after it has been in storage.

13.0

12.8

12.6

12.4

12.2

12.0

11.8

11.6

10 20

12.84V or higher indicates 100% SOC

30 40 50 60

State of Charge (SOC), %

70 80 90 100

Figure 2.11.1: Open circuit voltage and state of charge

Although efforts should be made to ensure that batteries are stored in temperature-controlled environments, a freshening charge should be applied once every twentyfour (24) months or when the open-circuit voltage (OCV) reading drops to 12V, whichever comes first. As shown in Figure 2.11.1, 12V corresponds to a 35% state of charge (SOC). The battery may be permanently

damaged if the OCV is allowed to drop below 11.90V.

Figure 2.11.1 shows the OCV and corresponding SOC for a Genesis battery. An OCV of 12.84V or more indicates a battery at 100% SOC. The figure is accurate to within

20% of the true SOC of the battery if the battery has not

been charged OR discharged in the 24 hours preceding

the voltage measurement. The accuracy improves to 5% if the period of inactivity before the voltage measurement is 5 days.

Capacity loss during storage is an important consideration, particularly in applications where performance loss due to storage is unacceptable.

However, knowing how much charge is remaining in the battery at any point in its storage life is equally important as the battery must be maintained at a minimum charge level in order to prevent permanent damage. Figure 2.11.2 shows the relationship between storage time and remaining capacity at 25ºC (77ºF),

45ºC (113ºF) and 65ºC (149ºF).

60

50

40

30

0

100

90

80

70

10

25

°

C 45

°

C 65

°

C

20 30 40

Open circuit storage time in weeks

50 60 70

Figure 2.11.2: Storage capacity at temperatures

2.12 Procedure to recover overdischarged batteries

There may be instances when a Genesis battery is overdischarged to the point where a standard charger is unable to fully recharge the battery. In such cases, the following procedure may help recover the affected battery.

1. Bring the battery to room temperature (25°C or 77ºF).

2. Measure the OCV. Continue to step 3 if it is at least

12V; otherwise terminate the procedure and reject the battery.

3. Charge the battery using a 0.05C

10 constant current for

24 hours. The charger should be capable of providing a driving voltage as high as 36V. Monitor the battery temperature; discontinue charging if the battery

temperature rises by more than 20ºC.

4. Allow the charged battery to stand on open circuit for a minimum of 1 hour before proceeding to Step 5.

5. Perform a capacity test on the battery and record the amp-hours delivered. The longer the discharge the more reliable the result. This is Cycle 1.

6. Repeat steps (3) to (5). The capacity returned in step 5 is now Cycle 2. If Cycle 2 capacity is greater than Cycle

1 capacity proceed to step 7; otherwise reject the battery.

7. Repeat steps (3) to (5) to get Cycle 3 capacity. Proceed to step 8 if Cycle 3 capacity is equal to or more than

Cycle 2 capacity. Reject the battery if Cycle 3 capacity is less than Cycle 2 capacity.

8. If Cycle 3 capacity equals or exceeds Cycle 2 capacity, recharge the battery and put it back in service.

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This section’s purpose is to discuss actual data from various tests conducted on Genesis batteries. These tests may be of particular interest to system designers and application engineers. Other test results serve to confirm the data published in the Genesis Selection Guide.

Tests covered in this chapter include the following:

Thermal runaway test

Altitude test

Overdischarge recovery tests (DIN standard test and high temperature storage test)

Accelerated float life test

Gassing test

Performance test at different temperatures

3.2 Thermal runaway test

Thermal runaway (TR) describes a situation in which the battery is unable to maintain a steady current when connected to a CV charger. TR can also happen when the battery temperature increases rapidly due to inadequate heat dissipation from the battery.

As the battery draws current, its internal temperature rises. If the heat generated is not dissipated, the internal reaction rate of the battery will increase, forcing the battery to draw more current. This in turn generates more heat. The increasing heat generation and attendant higher current draw feed on each other which, if allowed to escalate will trigger TR.

Figure 3.2.1 shows the result of TR tests conducted on a

12V, 26EP Genesis TPPL battery that had been cycled 10 times to age it. After the tenth discharge the battery was fully charged using normal charging parameters, then put on a gross overcharge at 15.9V (2.65 VPC) at 25ºC.

The threshold criterion for initiation of TR was set at a charge current of 4.5 amps or a battery temperature of

60ºC (140ºF). In other words, the battery was considered to be in TR when either the charge current reached 4.5

amps or the battery case temperature rose to 60ºC

(140ºF). As shown in Figure 3.2.1 the battery reached the temperature threshold first, after the battery had been on overcharge for 370.9 hours, or over 15 days.

Two points are noteworthy here. First, it took over 15 days on gross overcharge (remember, the battery was fully charged when it was placed on a 15.9V charge) before it showed signs of going into TR. The battery received a staggering 565.7 amp-hours (over 2,000% of its rated capacity) during the test.

Second, there was no catastrophic failure of the battery and its case temperature rose gradually for the most part. It took over a week (169 hours) for the temperature to rise from 45ºC to 60ºC. The results of this test clearly show that even in the unlikely event of a Genesis battery going into TR, its behavior does not raise safety issues.

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0

12V, 26Ah Pure Lead-tin VRLA

Test ends when temperature reached 60

°

C or current rises to 4.5A

Battery temperature at 60

°

C after 370.9 hours

Total input amp-hours: 565.7

Charge current

50 100 150 200 250

Hours on charge at 2.65Vpc

300

Figure 3.2.1: TR test at 15.9V (2.65Vpc) charge

350

5

4

3

2

1

400

0

7

6

3.3 Gassing test

The Genesis battery is safe for use in human environments, such as offices and hospitals. A test was developed to determine how much hydrogen gas is evolved under normal operating conditions. This test’s assumption is that any weight loss suffered by the battery can be attributed to the water lost by the battery.

Knowing the amount of water lost by the battery and the chemical composition of water, a relatively straightforward calculation yields the amount of emitted hydrogen gas. Table 3.3.1 summarizes the test data on a

Genesis 26Ah battery.

Test temperature

60ºC (140°F)

Charge voltage

2.30 Vpc

Duration of test at temperature

180 days

Weight loss at

65.6 grams

end of test period

= 3.65 moles (gram equiv.) H

2

O

= 3.65 moles H

2 and 1.82 moles O

2

Total 122.6 liters

Gas evolved

Duration of test at 25ºC (77°F)

Gassing rate

2,880 days (4,147,200 minutes)

Total 0.03 cc/min

Hydrogen (H

2

): 0.02 cc/min.

Table 3.3.1: Gassing test data

The oxygen evolved is recombined, while the rate of hydrogen emission is negligible, as Table 3.3.1 shows.

Nevertheless, the battery should not be recharged in a gas-tight container. Ventilation must always be provided in the charging area.

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11

12

28

26

24

22

36

34

32

30

20

0

3.4 DIN standard overdischarge recovery test

This German standard test was designed to determine the ability of batteries to recover from overdischarge using standard chargers. In addition, the test also gives an indication of the resistance of the battery to permanent damage caused by sulfation, a phenomenon that occurs when a battery is left in a discharged condition for an extended length of time.

The test began by discharging a fully charged 26Ah battery at the 20-hour rate to 1.70 Vpc. Following the discharge, a 5

Ω resistor was connected across the battery terminals and left connected for 28 days. At the end of this 28-day period, the battery was recharged at a constant voltage of 2.25 Vpc for only 48 hours.

The battery was tested for capacity after the 48-hour recharge, and 97% of the initial capacity was obtained.

A subsequent recharge/discharge cycle yielded a capacity of 94% of the initial capacity. The overdischarge test exercise is summarized in Table 3.4.1 below.

Conditions

Followed by

Recharge

Results

Recovered capacity

0.05C

10 rate discharge to 1.70 Vpc

5

Ω resistor connected across battery terminals for 28 days

2.25 Vpc CV charge for 48 hours

Initial capacity: 26.8Ah

25.9Ah (97%) on first cycle

25.3Ah (94%) on second cycle

Table 3.4.1: DIN standard overdischarge recovery test result

3.5 High temperature storage recovery test

This test demonstrates the deep discharge recovery capability of the Genesis battery. Since the test involves storing the battery in a discharged state for 4 weeks at

50ºC (122ºF) it is a more difficult test than the previously described German DIN standard test. Figure 3.5.1

summarizes the test results.

Sample 1 Sample 2

2 4 6 8

10

Cycle number

12

14 16 18

Figure 3.5.1: Recovery from discharged storage at 50ºC

1

270 days at 55ºC (77ºF) is equivalent to (270 x 13.454)/365 years or

9.95 years at 25ºC (77ºF)

Both samples were discharged at the 1-hour rate to an end of discharge voltage of 9V, then stored in a discharged condition for 4 weeks at 50ºC (122ºF).

The batteries were then charged at 14.7V with a current limit of 0.125C

10 for the first two cycles and 1C

10 for cycles 3 through 17.

It is clear that the charge current was too low for the first two cycles, as evident from the rapid loss in capacity.

Boosting the charge current to 1C

10 brought both batteries back to full capacity.

3.6 Altitude test

This test was designed to prove that the Genesis battery is capable of operating safely and without performance loss at any altitude. Since the design of the Genesis battery’s Bunsen valve does not rely on atmospheric pressure to operate, the battery will operate over a wide range of external pressure, from vacuum to as much as

100 feet under water.

These batteries have also passed the pressure differential test required to comply with the requirements of DOT HMR 49 Non-Hazardous Materials, International

Civil Aeronautics Organization (ICAO) and International

Air Transport Association (IATA) Packing Instruction 806 and Special Provision A67.

In the pressure differential test, the battery is placed in a temperature-controlled altitude chamber at 24°C (75ºF).

It is then subjected to 6 hours of differential pressure at a minimum of 88 kPa (equivalent to an altitude of 50,000 feet). The test is repeated for each of three mutually perpendicular orientations, including the inverted position. A visual inspection showed no acid leakage, indicating the battery passed the test.

Section 3.7: Accelerated float life test

Figure 3.7.1 shows the results of accelerated float life

(AFL) tests conducted on three samples of the Genesis

16Ah battery. In AFL tests, high temperatures accelerate the aging process of the batteries. At an AFL test temperature of 55ºC (131ºF), the acceleration factor (AF) is 13.454, which means that every day at 55ºC (131ºF) is electrochemically equivalent to 13.454 days at 25ºC

(77ºF). This is a conservative AF because the charge voltage used in the test is not temperaturecompensated, as it should be. No account is taken of the accelerated aging of the battery due to a higher-thanrecommended charge voltage.

As shown in Figure 3.7.1 the three batteries were at

109%, 108% and 110% of their rated capacity after 270 days on test at 55ºC (131ºF). This is electrochemically equivalent to 9.95

1 years on float at 25ºC (77ºF). Since end of life is defined as the failure to deliver 80% of its rated capacity, none of these batteries is close to the end of its design life of 10 years at 25ºC (77ºF).

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Genesis 16EP/AFL/55

°

C/2.27 VPC

C/5 (3.0A) to 10.02V/15Ah = 100%; 12Ah = 80%

21

18

15

Acceleration factor for 55

°

C:13.454

Capacities after 270 days (9.95 years at 25

°

C):

Sample 1: 16.42Ah (109%)

Sample 2: 16.22Ah (108%)

Sample 3: 16.49Ah (110%)

12

9

0 50 100 150

Days at Temperature

200 250

0.01

-40 -30 -20 -10 0

Temperature,

°

C

10 20 30 40

0.01

Figure 3.8.1: Effect of temperature on capacity

300

Figure 3.7.1: AFL test data for Genesis 16EP batteries

Similar tests on the Genesis XE batteries showed an average float life of 454 days at 55ºC (131ºF), or the equivalent of 16.7 years at 25ºC (77ºF) to 80% of rated capacity. These results validate the Genesis EP and XE published design life of 10 years and 12+ years, respectively, at 25ºC (77ºF) to 80% of rated capacity.

Section 3.8: Performance test at different temperatures

Figure 3.8.1 shows the effect of temperature on the discharge performance of Genesis batteries at three rates of discharge. The vertical broken line represents 25ºC

(77ºF), and its intersections with the graphs show the

100% capacity at the three rates of discharge.

At –40ºC, the battery will run for 2 hours at the C

5 rate

(60% of its 5-hour capacity), for 18 minutes at the C

1 rate

(30% of its 1-hour capacity) and for 4 minutes at the

15-minute rate (27% of its 15-minute capacity). These are excellent performance numbers, considering how low the ambient temperature is.

10

1

0.1

15 min. rate

1 hr. rate

5 hr. rate

100% capacity at 25

°

C (77

°

F)

10

1

0.1


This chapter is designed to provide the user with guidelines to help get the most out these batteries.

Even though VRLA batteries do not require the addition of water, periodic maintenance checks are strongly recommended. These are:

Individual unit voltages

Unit-to-unit connection resistances

Terminal connection resistance

Ambient temperature and battery temperature

A load test can be carried out once or twice a year.

The batteries must be fully charged before any capacity test is performed.

4.2 Receiving the shipment

All batteries must be carefully inspected upon arrival for any sign of damage during their transportation.

Use rubber gloves when handling any that are broken or physically damaged in case of acid leakage.

4.3 Storage

All Genesis batteries must be stored in a clean and dry location, and preferably in a temperature-controlled environment. Although these batteries are shipped fully charged and may be stored for up to 2 years at 25ºC

(77ºF) periodic checks of their open circuit voltages are recommended. The warmer the storage environment the more frequent the voltage checks should be.

The batteries must be given a freshening charge once every 2 years or when the OCV drops to 12.00V, whichever occurs earlier. The freshening charge should be for 96 hours at 13.62V at 25ºC (77ºF) or until the charge current does not vary over a 3-hour period.

Alternatively, the freshening charge can be set at 14.4V

for 16 to 24 hours or until the charge current does not vary over a 3-hour period.

Failure to observe these conditions may result in greatly reduced capacity and service life. FAILURE TO CHARGE

AS NOTED VOIDS THE BATTERY’S WARRANTY.

4.4 Installation

Batteries must be installed in a clean, dry area. Genesis batteries release negligible amounts of gas during normal operation (gas recombination efficiency

≥

99%), making them safe for installation near main equipment and in close proximity to humans. Batteries must be installed in accordance with local, state and federal regulations and manufacturer’s recommendations.

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13

14

4.4.1 Temperature

Avoid placing batteries in areas of high temperature or in direct sunlight. The optimal temperature range for performance and service life of the Genesis battery is

20ºC (68ºF) to 25ºC (77ºF). These batteries can, however be used at temperatures ranging from -40ºC

(-40ºF) to 80ºC (176ºF) when fitted with a metal jacket.

4.4.2 Ventilation

As stated before, under normal operating conditions the gas emission from Genesis batteries is very low.

Natural ventilation is adequate for cooling and to prevent buildup of hydrogen gas. This is why Genesis batteries may be used safely in offices, hospitals and other human environments.

When installing batteries in cabinets or other enclosures, care must be taken to ensure they are not sealed enclosures. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES

SHOULD THESE BATTERIES BE CHARGED IN A

SEALED CONTAINER.

4.4.3 Security

All installation and ventilation must comply with applicable current local, state and federal regulations.

4.4.4 Mounting

Regardless of where the batteries are mounted

(cabinets, racks or other type of enclosure) the positive and negative terminals must be arranged according to the wiring diagram. Check that all contact surfaces are clean before making the interbattery connections and ensure that all batteries are mounted firmly.

Tighten the screws to the recommended torque value and follow the polarities of individual batteries to avoid short circuits. Finally, connect the battery end terminals.

Since the Genesis battery has all of its electrolyte immobilized in its separators, it can be mounted on its sides without any performance degradation.

4.4.5 Torque

The recommended terminal attachment torque for the full range is given in Table 4.4.5.1. A loose connector can cause problems in charger performance, erratic battery performance, possible damage to the battery and even personal injuries.

Battery model

13EP & XE13

16EP & XE16

26EP & XE30

42EP & XE40

70EP & XE70

Terminal torque

50 in-lbs (5.6 Nm)

50 in-lbs (5.6 Nm)

60 in-lbs (6.8 Nm)

60 in-lbs (6.8 Nm)

60 in-lbs (6.8 Nm)

Table 4.4.5.1: Terminal torque values

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4.5 Parallel strings

While there are no theoretical limits on the number of parallel battery strings, we recommend no more than

5 parallel strings per system, particularly for cyclic applications.

4.6 Discharging

It is strongly recommended that a low voltage cutoff be included in the battery load circuit to protect the battery from overdischarges. The setting for end of discharge voltage (EODV) is dependent on the rate of discharge, as shown in Table 4.6.1. For optimum battery life, we recommend that the battery be disconnected from the load when the appropriate voltage is reached and put back on charge as soon as possible after a discharge.

Discharge rate in amps

0.05C

10

(C

10

/20)

0.10C

10

(C

10

/10)

0.20C

10

(C

10

/5)

0.40C

10

(C

10

/2.5)

1C

10

2C

10

>5C

10

Suggested minimum EODV

10.50V

10.20V

10.02V

9.90V

9.60V

9.30V

9.00V

Table 4.6.1: Suggested battery cutoff voltages

Note: Discharging the Genesis battery below these

low voltage cutoff levels or leaving the battery connected to a load in a discharged state may impair the battery’s ability to accept a charge.


Appendix A

- Genesis XE Discharge Rates

Time

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

Watts

(W)

18

15

7

64

44

34

28

1529

760

460

339

273

199

144

114

Amps Capacity Energy

(A) (Ah) (Wh)

5.4

3.8

3.0

2.4

1.6

1.3

0.7

149.1

71.2

41.7

30.2

24.1

17.4

12.5

9.8

5.0

5.9

7.1

7.6

7.9

8.7

9.4

9.8

10.9

11.4

11.8

12.0

12.6

12.7

13.2

127.1

132.9

137.0

139.7

144.3

145.5

148.0

50.9

63.3

78.2

84.8

90.0

99.4

108.0

113.6

ENERGY AND POWER DENSITIES

W/liter Wh/liter W/kg Wh/kg

33.5

23.3

18.0

14.7

9.5

7.7

3.9

764.8

400.2

242.3

178.8

143.7

104.7

75.9

59.9

66.9

70.0

72.2

73.6

76.0

76.7

78.0

25.5

33.3

41.2

44.7

47.4

52.4

56.9

59.9

11.8

8.2

6.3

5.2

3.3

2.7

1.4

283.1

140.7

85.2

62.8

50.5

36.8

26.7

21.0

23.5

24.6

25.4

25.9

26.7

26.9

27.4

9.4

11.7

14.5

15.7

16.7

18.4

20.0

21.0

Figure A-1: XE13 discharge data to 9.0V at 25°C (77°F)

Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.1

1

Hours to 9V at 25

°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

Time

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

33

27

17

14

141

111

62

43

1361

701

443

330

267

195

7


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

2.9

2.3

1.5

1.2

12.2

9.6

5.3

3.7

128.0

64.4

39.6

29.2

23.5

16.9

0.7

4.3

5.4

6.7

7.3

7.7

8.5

9.1

9.6

10.6

11.1

11.5

11.7

12.1

12.4

13.0

105.7

111.2

123.4

128.7

132.3

134.8

138.9

140.6

45.3

58.4

75.2

82.6

88.1

97.5

144.3



74.2

58.6

32.5

22.6

17.4

14.2

9.1

7.4

680.8

369.4

233.2

174.1

140.7

102.7

3.8

55.7

58.6

65.0

67.8

69.7

71.0

73.2

74.1

22.7

30.8

39.6

43.5

46.4

51.4

76.0

6.1

5.0

3.2

2.6

26.1

20.6

11.4

7.9

252.0

129.8

82.0

61.2

49.4

36.1

1.3

19.6

20.6

22.8

23.8

24.5

25.0

25.7

26.0

8.4

10.8

13.9

15.3

16.3

18.1

26.7


Watts

Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.1

1

Hours to 10.02V at 25

°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

Time

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

41

32

26

17

191

138

109

60

1206

662

429

323

262

14

7


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

3.6

2.8

2.3

1.5

16.5

12.0

9.4

5.2

111.0

58.9

37.3

28.0

22.6

1.2

0.6

3.7

4.9

6.3

7.0

7.5

8.3

9.0

9.4

10.4

10.9

11.3

11.5

11.9

12.1

12.8

95.6

103.8

108.7

119.3

124.2

127.4

129.6

133.5

40.1

55.2

72.9

80.7

86.3

135.1

140.6



603.3

348.9

225.9

170.2

137.8

100.8

72.9

57.3

31.4

21.8

16.8

13.7

8.8

7.1

3.7

50.4

54.7

57.3

62.9

65.5

67.1

68.3

70.4

20.1

29.1

38.4

42.5

45.5

71.2

74.1

223.3

122.6

79.4

59.8

48.4

7.7

5.9

4.8

3.1

35.4

25.6

20.1

11.0

2.5

1.3

17.7

19.2

20.1

22.1

23.0

23.6

24.0

24.7

7.4

10.2

13.5

15.0

16.0

25.0

26.0


Watts

Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

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15

16


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10

Time

100

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

Watts

(W)

16

13

7

57

39

30

24

254

186

133

105

977

612

410

312


(A) (Ah) (Wh)



10.1

10.6

11.0

11.2

11.6

11.8

12.4

7.0

7.9

8.6

9.1

2.9

4.3

5.8

6.5

5.1

3.5

2.7

2.2

1.5

1.2

0.6

87.1

51.1

34.0

26.0

21.3

15.8

11.4

9.1

32.5

51.0

69.7

78.0

83.7

93.1

100.1

104.9

113.4

117.2

119.8

121.3

124.7

126.6

133.3

488.7

322.6

216.0

164.4

133.7

98.1

70.3

55.3

29.9

20.6

15.8

12.8

8.2

6.7

3.5

16.3

26.9

36.7

41.1

44.1

49.1

52.7

55.3

59.7

61.8

63.1

63.9

65.7

66.7

70.2

180.9

113.4

75.9

57.8

47.0

34.5

24.7

19.4

10.5

7.2

5.5

4.5

2.9

2.3

1.2

21.0

21.7

22.2

22.5

23.1

23.4

24.7

6.0

9.4

12.9

14.4

15.5

17.2

18.5

19.4

Figure A-5: XE16 discharge data to 9V at 25°C (77°F)

Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.1

1

Hours to 9V at 25

°

C (77

°

F)

10

Time

100

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

45

37

24

20

183

145

82

58

1674

915

566

422

342

251

10


(A) (Ah) (Wh)



11.8

12.4

13.9

14.7

15.3

15.6

16.4

16.7

5.6

7.3

8.8

9.5

10.0

11.0

17.3

3.8

3.1

2.1

1.7

15.8

12.4

7.0

4.9

170.0

87.9

52.0

38.0

30.3

22.0

0.9

55.8

76.3

720.0

393.6

96.2

243.4

105.4

181.4

112.7

146.8

125.4

107.8

137.5

145.3

164.1

174.7

181.4

186.2

195.2

198.7

206.7

78.8

62.5

35.3

25.0

19.5

16.0

10.5

8.5

4.4

24.0

32.8

41.4

45.3

48.5

53.9

59.1

62.5

70.6

75.1

78.0

80.1

83.9

85.4

88.9

261.6

143.0

88.4

65.9

53.4

39.2

28.6

22.7

12.8

9.1

7.1

5.8

3.8

3.1

1.6

21.5

22.7

25.6

27.3

28.3

29.1

30.5

31.0

8.7

11.9

15.0

16.5

17.6

19.6

32.3


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10

Time

100

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

57

44

36

24

247

180

143

81

1486

857

546

412

335

19

10


(A) (Ah) (Wh)



10.8

11.7

12.3

13.7

14.4

14.8

15.2

15.7

4.8

6.6

8.4

9.2

9.8

16.0

16.7

143.0

78.8

49.3

36.7

29.6

4.8

3.7

3.0

2.0

21.6

15.6

12.3

6.9

1.6

0.8

49.5

71.4

92.9

110.4

142.8

161.6

170.5

176.8

181.0

189.3

193.2

201.8

638.8

368.5

234.9

102.9

177.0

143.9

123.5

106.2

135.1

77.5

61.4

34.7

24.4

19.0

15.6

10.2

8.3

4.3

21.3

30.7

39.9

44.2

47.5

53.1

58.1

61.4

69.5

73.3

76.0

77.8

81.4

83.1

86.8

232.1

133.9

85.3

64.3

52.3

38.6

28.2

22.3

12.6

8.9

6.9

5.7

3.7

3.0

1.6

19.3

21.1

22.3

25.3

26.6

27.6

28.3

29.6

7.7

11.2

14.5

16.1

17.2

30.2

31.5

www.enersys.com


Time

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

Watts

(W)

23

19

10

78

55

43

35

1312

799

522

397

324

240

176

140


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

6.7

4.7

3.6

2.9

1.9

1.6

0.8

124.9

71.8

46.5

35.1

28.6

21.0

15.2

12.0

4.2

6.0

7.9

8.8

9.4

10.5

11.4

12.0

13.3

14.0

14.4

14.7

15.2

15.5

16.1

156.7

166.1

172.1

176.1

183.9

187.7

196.9

43.7

66.5

88.8

99.3

106.9

120.1

131.8

139.7



33.7

23.8

18.5

15.1

9.9

8.1

4.2

564.3

343.4

224.6

170.7

139.3

103.3

75.6

60.1

67.4

71.4

74.0

75.7

79.1

80.7

84.7

18.8

28.6

38.2

42.7

46.0

51.6

56.7

60.1

12.2

8.6

6.7

5.5

3.6

2.9

1.5

205.1

124.8

81.6

62.0

50.6

37.5

27.5

21.8

24.5

25.9

26.9

27.5

28.7

29.3

30.8

6.8

10.4

13.9

15.5

16.7

18.8

20.6

21.8


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

Time

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

41

34

22

18

168

134

75

53

1058

721

485

374

307

230

9


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

3.4

2.8

1.8

1.5

14.4

11.5

6.4

4.4

100.4

62.1

42.2

32.5

26.7

19.9

0.8

3.3

5.2

7.2

8.1

8.8

9.9

10.8

11.5

12.7

13.3

13.7

13.9

14.4

14.7

15.3

126.2

134.1

150.5

159.3

164.7

168.5

176.1

179.1

35.2

60.0

82.4

93.4

101.4

114.7

188.3



72.4

57.7

32.4

22.8

17.7

14.5

9.5

7.7

454.8

309.9

208.5

160.6

132.2

98.7

4.0

54.3

57.7

64.7

68.5

70.8

72.4

75.7

77.0

15.1

25.8

35.4

40.2

43.6

49.3

81.0

6.4

5.3

3.4

2.8

26.3

21.0

11.8

8.3

165.3

112.6

75.8

58.4

48.0

35.9

1.5

19.7

21.0

23.5

24.9

25.7

26.3

27.5

28.0

5.5

9.4

12.9

14.6

15.9

17.9

29.4


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

Time

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

101

78

64

41

463

333

262

144

2837

1694

1062

793

638

34

18


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

8.5

6.6

5.3

3.5

39.9

28.4

22.3

12.1

283.4

160.1

95.6

69.8

55.6

2.8

1.5

9.4

13.3

16.3

17.4

18.3

20.0

21.3

22.3

24.3

25.4

26.2

26.7

27.9

28.3

30.0

94.5

141.1

180.5

198.2

210.4

231.4

249.7

262.1

288.7

302.3

311.8

318.6

331.1

337.5

357.1



768.7

459.2

287.7

214.8

172.8

125.4

90.2

71.0

39.1

27.3

21.1

17.3

11.2

9.1

4.8

62.7

67.7

71.0

78.2

81.9

84.5

86.3

89.7

25.6

38.2

48.9

53.7

57.0

91.5

96.8

267.6

159.9

100.2

74.8

60.1

9.5

7.4

6.0

3.9

43.7

31.4

24.7

13.6

3.2

1.7

21.8

23.6

24.7

27.2

28.5

29.4

30.1

31.2

8.9

13.3

17.0

18.7

19.8

31.8

33.7


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1

Hours to 9V at 25

°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

www.enersys.com


17

18


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10

Time

100

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

Watts

(W)

142

98

76

62

41

33

18

2381

1565

1017

767

622

455

328

258


(A) (Ah) (Wh)



11.9

8.3

6.4

5.2

3.4

2.75

1.5

224.8

142.8

90.6

67.4

54.2

39.2

28.1

21.9

7.5

11.9

15.4

16.9

17.9

19.6

21.0

21.9

23.8

24.8

25.5

25.9

27.0

27.5

29.6

79.3

245.9

258.3

283.7

294.9

304.4

309.4

323.8

330.8

354.6

645.3

130.3

424.0

172.9

275.6

191.8

207.9

205.4

168.6

227.6

123.4

88.9

70.0

38.4

26.6

20.6

16.8

11.0

9.0

4.8

21.5

35.3

46.8

52.0

55.7

61.7

66.6

70.0

76.9

79.9

82.5

83.8

87.7

89.6

96.1

224.7

147.6

95.9

72.4

58.7

42.9

30.9

24.4

13.4

9.3

7.2

5.8

3.8

3.1

1.7

26.8

27.8

28.7

29.2

30.5

31.2

33.5

7.5

12.3

16.3

18.1

19.4

21.5

23.2

24.4


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10

Time

100

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

75

61

40

32

321

253

139

97

2129

1454

972

742

603

444

17


(A) (Ah) (Wh)



20.5

21.4

23.4

24.3

25.0

25.4

26.4

26.9

6.5

10.9

14.5

16.1

17.2

19.0

28.7

6.2

5.1

3.3

2.7

27.3

21.4

11.7

8.1

195.7

130.9

85.5

64.5

52.1

38.0

1.4

70.9

576.8

121.1

391.1

165.3

263.4

185.5

201.1

198.9

163.3

222.0

120.3

240.8

252.7

278.8

291.2

299.5

306.3

317.4

324.0

347.3

87.0

68.5

37.8

26.3

20.3

16.6

10.8

8.8

4.7

19.2

32.8

44.8

50.3

53.9

60.1

65.2

68.5

75.5

78.9

81.2

83.0

86.0

87.8

94.1

200.8

137.2

91.7

70.0

56.9

41.9

30.3

23.8

13.2

9.2

7.1

5.8

3.7

3.1

1.6

22.7

23.8

26.3

27.5

28.3

28.9

29.9

30.6

6.7

11.4

15.6

17.5

18.8

20.9

32.8


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10

Time

100

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

94

72

59

39

425

309

245

135

1801

1298

895

698

571

31

17


(A) (Ah) (Wh)



18.0

19.6

20.6

22.6

23.6

24.2

24.7

25.6

5.3

9.5

13.2

14.9

16.1

26.1

27.7

160.1

113.6

77.6

59.6

48.7

7.9

6.1

4.9

3.2

36.1

26.1

20.6

11.3

2.6

1.4

60.0

188.3

244.7

270.2

282.0

289.7

296.5

308.1

314.3

336.3

487.9

108.2

351.8

152.2

242.6

174.4

189.0

154.6

212.2

115.0

231.9

83.8

66.3

36.6

25.5

19.6

16.1

10.4

8.5

4.6

16.2

29.3

41.3

47.3

51.0

57.5

62.8

66.3

73.2

76.4

78.5

80.3

83.5

85.2

91.1

169.9

122.5

84.5

65.8

53.8

40.0

29.2

23.1

12.7

8.9

6.8

5.6

3.6

3.0

1.6

20.0

21.9

23.1

25.5

26.6

27.3

28.0

29.1

5.7

10.2

14.4

16.5

17.8

29.6

31.7

www.enersys.com


Time

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

Watts

(W)

213

150

116

95

62

51

27

4338

2370

1497

1123

909

665

484

383


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

18.1

12.6

9.8

8.0

5.2

4.2

2.2

436.6

226.1

136.5

100.3

80.2

58.0

41.6

32.7

14.5

18.8

23.2

25.1

26.5

29.0

31.2

32.7

36.2

37.8

39.1

39.9

41.6

42.4

44.4

426.8

449.7

464.0

474.8

494.0

505.0

529.5

144.4

197.4

254.4

280.6

299.9

332.3

362.8

382.5



38.2

26.9

20.8

17.0

11.1

9.0

4.7

777.0

424.5

268.1

201.1

162.8

119.1

86.7

68.5

76.5

80.6

83.1

85.0

88.5

90.5

94.8

25.9

35.4

45.6

50.3

53.7

59.5

65.0

68.5

13.3

9.3

7.2

5.9

3.8

3.1

1.6

269.4

147.2

93.0

69.7

56.5

41.3

30.0

23.8

26.5

27.9

28.8

29.5

30.7

31.4

32.9

9.0

12.3

15.8

17.4

18.6

20.6

22.5

23.8


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1

Hours to 9V at 25

°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

Time

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

113

93

60

49

476

376

209

146

3580

2155

1426

1085

884

652

26


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

9.5

7.7

5.0

4.1

40.8

32.1

17.7

12.3

337.9

199.1

127.9

96.0

77.5

56.6

2.2

11.3

16.6

21.7

24.0

25.6

28.3

30.6

32.1

35.4

36.9

37.9

38.6

40.1

40.8

43.0

356.7

376.3

418.2

438.7

451.8

462.5

481.8

490.3

119.2

179.5

242.5

271.1

291.6

326.0

518.5



85.2

67.4

37.5

26.2

20.2

16.6

10.8

8.8

641.2

386.1

255.5

194.3

158.3

116.8

4.6

63.9

67.4

74.9

78.6

80.9

82.9

86.3

87.8

21.4

32.2

43.4

48.6

52.2

58.4

92.9

7.0

5.7

3.7

3.0

29.5

23.4

13.0

9.1

222.3

133.9

88.6

67.4

54.9

40.5

1.6

22.2

23.4

26.0

27.2

28.1

28.7

29.9

30.5

7.4

11.2

15.1

16.8

18.1

20.3

32.2


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

Time

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

144

111

91

59

633

464

368

205

3232

1987

1350

1010

852

48

26


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

54.7

39.7

31.3

17.3

12.1

9.3

7.6

4.9

296.4

179.6

119.4

90.9

74.1

4.0

2.1

9.9

15.0

20.3

22.7

24.4

27.3

29.8

31.3

34.5

36.2

37.2

37.9

39.3

39.9

42.2

107.6

165.5

229.4

260.0

281.2

316.6

347.9

368.3

410.8

431.3

444.4

453.3

473.0

481.8

509.9



578.9

355.9

241.7

186.3

152.6

113.4

83.1

66.0

36.8

25.8

19.9

16.2

10.6

8.6

4.6

56.7

62.3

66.0

73.6

77.3

79.6

81.2

84.7

19.3

29.6

41.1

46.6

50.4

86.3

91.3

200.7

123.4

83.8

64.6

52.9

8.9

6.9

5.6

3.7

39.3

28.8

22.9

12.8

3.0

1.6

19.7

21.6

22.9

25.5

26.8

27.6

28.2

29.4

6.7

10.3

14.2

16.2

17.5

29.9

31.7


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

www.enersys.com


19

20


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10

Time

100

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

Watts

(W)

200

140

109

89

58

47

25

2814

1753

1234

964

802

603

445

355


(A) (Ah) (Wh)



16.8

11.7

9.0

7.4

4.8

3.9

2.1

249.4

153.6

106.6

83.0

68.5

51.3

37.6

29.9

8.3

12.8

18.1

20.7

22.6

25.7

28.2

29.9

33.5

35.0

36.2

36.9

38.3

38.9

41.0

93.7

333.8

354.6

399.7

420.2

434.6

444.1

461.2

469.6

495.2

504.1

146.0

314.0

209.9

221.1

241.0

172.7

264.5

143.6

301.3

107.9

79.7

63.5

35.8

25.1

19.5

15.9

10.3

8.4

4.4

16.8

26.2

37.6

43.2

47.4

54.0

59.8

63.5

71.6

75.3

77.8

79.6

82.6

84.1

88.7

174.8

108.9

76.7

59.9

49.8

37.4

27.6

22.0

12.4

8.7

6.7

5.5

3.6

2.9

1.5

24.8

26.1

27.0

27.6

28.6

29.2

30.8

5.8

9.1

13.0

15.0

16.4

18.7

20.7

22.0


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1

Hours to 9V at 25°C (77°F)

10

Time

100

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

170

140

92

76

725

572

314

219

6050

3539

2267

1702

1375

1005

42


(A) (Ah) (Wh)



62.1

48.7

26.3

18.6

14.4

11.9

7.8

6.4

605.3

328.3

202.8

150.1

120.1

86.8

3.5

20.2

27.4

33.8

37.5

40.0

43.4

46.6

48.7

52.7

55.7

57.7

59.3

62.4

63.9

70.8

201.7

701.1

294.9

410.1

377.8

262.7

425.5

197.2

458.3

159.3

502.5

116.5

544.0

571.7

628.3

657.6

681.8

699.8

735.5

759.0

841.1

84.1

66.3

36.4

25.4

19.8

16.2

10.7

8.8

4.9

23.4

34.2

43.8

49.3

53.1

58.2

63.0

66.3

72.8

76.2

79.0

81.1

85.2

88.0

97.5

270.1

158.0

101.2

76.0

61.4

44.9

32.4

25.5

14.0

9.8

7.6

6.2

4.1

3.4

1.9

24.3

25.5

28.1

29.4

30.4

31.2

32.8

33.9

9.0

13.2

16.9

19.0

20.5

22.4

37.5


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1

Hours to 10.02V at 25°C (77°F)

10

Time

100

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

215

167

137

90

977

706

556

307

5228

3337

2175

1644

1332

74

41


(A) (Ah) (Wh)



494.8

304.4

193.6

144.5

116.1

84.2

60.3

47.3

25.9

18.1

14.0

11.5

7.6

6.2

3.4

16.5

25.4

32.3

36.1

38.7

42.1

45.2

47.3

51.7

54.2

56.0

57.4

60.6

62.3

68.9

174.3

605.8

278.1

386.7

362.6

252.1

411.0

190.5

444.2

556.2

615.0

646.5

668.4

685.4

723.1

742.5

814.0

154.4

488.4

113.2

529.3

81.8

64.5

35.6

25.0

19.4

15.9

10.5

8.6

4.7

20.2

32.2

42.0

47.6

51.5

56.6

61.3

64.5

71.3

74.9

77.5

79.4

83.8

86.0

94.3

233.4

149.0

97.1

73.4

59.5

43.6

31.5

24.8

13.7

9.6

7.5

6.1

4.0

3.3

1.8

21.1

23.0

24.3

27.0

28.4

29.3

30.1

31.7

6.8

11.4

15.3

17.5

19.0

32.6

35.6

www.enersys.com


Time

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

Watts

(W)

302

212

164

135

89

73

40

4587

3066

2050

1567

1279

945

687

543


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

25.4

17.7

13.7

11.3

7.4

6.1

3.4

422.9

275.3

180.7

136.7

110.8

81.2

58.5

46.1

14.1

22.9

30.1

34.2

36.9

40.6

43.9

46.1.

50.7

53.2

54.9

56.3

59.3

60.9

67.1

603.7

635.6

657.3

674.1

710.8

729.4

798.1

152.9

255.5

341.7

391.8

426.3

472.5

515.2

543.3



35.0

24.6

19.0

15.6

10.3

8.5

4.6

531.6

355.3

237.6

181.6

148.2

109.5

79.6

63.0

70.0

73.7

76.2

78.1

82.4

84.5

92.5

17.7

29.6

39.6

45.4

49.4

54.8

59.7

63.0

13.5

9.5

7.3

6.0

4.0

3.3

1.8

204.8

136.9

91.5

70.0

57.1

42.2

30.7

24.3

27.0

28.4

29.3

30.1

31.7

32.6

35.6

6.8

11.4

15.3

17.5

19.0

21.1

23.0

24.3


Watts

Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


10 100

Time

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

160

131

86

71

646

516

291

206

3684

2601

1806

1409

1165

876

38


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

54.8

43.6

24.5

17.2

13.3

10.9

7.2

5.9

328.6

227.8

156.3

121.2

99.8

74.6

3.1

11.0

19.0

26.1

30.3

33.3

37.3

41.1

43.6

48.9

51.6

53.4

54.7

57.4

58.7

63.0

484.8

515.9

582.9

617.1

639.6

656.2

689.9

705.8

122.8

216.7

301.0

352.3

388.4

437.9

758.7



74.9

59.8

33.8

23.8

18.5

15.2

10.0

8.2

426.9

301.4

209.3

163.3

135.0

101.5

4.4

56.2

59.8

67.5

71.5

74.1

76.0

79.9

81.8

14.2

25.1

34.9

40.8

45.0

50.8

87.9

7.1

5.9

3.8

3.2

28.9

23.0

13.0

9.2

164.5

116.1

80.6

62.9

52.0

39.1

1.7

21.6

23.0

26.0

27.5

28.6

29.3

30.8

31.5

5.5

9.7

13.4

15.7

17.3

19.6

33.9


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


10 100

Time

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

6597

4051

2565

1909

1540

1122

804

627

342

235

181

146

93

75

38


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

98.5

70.0

54.7

29.6

20.5

15.7

12.8

8.2

644.0

388.4

235.6

172.3

137.8

6.7

3.5

21.4

32.4

40.0

43.1

45.5

49.3

52.5

54.6

59.2

61.4

62.6

63.8

65.7

66.6

69.3

219.7

337.4

436.0

477.2

508.2

561.2

603.1

627.2

683.4

705.9

721.8

729.0

743.5

752.0

764.3



674.0

413.9

262.0

195.0

157.3

114.7

82.2

64.1

34.9

24.0

18.4

14.9

9.5

7.7

3.9

57.3

61.6

64.1

69.8

72.1

73.7

74.5

76.0

22.4

34.5

44.5

48.8

51.9

76.8

78.1

256.7

157.6

99.8

74.3

59.9

9.2

7.0

5.7

3.6

43.7

31.3

24.4

13.3

2.9

1.5

21.8

23.5

24.4

26.6

27.5

28.1

28.4

28.9

8.5

13.1

17.0

18.6

19.8

29.3

29.7


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1

Hours to 9V at 25

°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

www.enersys.com


21

22


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10

Time

100

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

Watts

(W)

333

229

175

142

90

73

37

5942

3636

2411

1833

1490

1091

786

615


(A) (Ah) (Wh)



28.9

19.9

15.2

12.4

8.0

6.5

3.4

569.8

337.6

218.5

163.8

132.6

96.0

68.6

53.6

19.0

28.1

37.2

41.0

43.7

48.0

51.4

53.6

57.8

59.6

61.0

61.8

63.6

64.5

67.9

197.9

607.0

302.8

371.4

409.9

246.3

458.2

187.2

491.6

152.2

545.5

111.5

589.1

615.4

666.1

687.5

699.7

707.6

719.0

727.6

748.4

80.2

62.9

34.0

23.4

17.9

14.5

9.2

7.4

3.8

20.2

30.9

41.9

46.8

50.2

55.7

60.2

62.9

68.1

70.2

71.5

72.3

73.5

74.3

76.5

231.2

141.5

93.8

71.3

58.0

42.5

30.6

23.9

13.0

8.9

6.8

5.5

3.5

2.8

1.5

25.9

26.8

27.2

27.5

28.0

28.3

29.1

7.7

11.8

16.0

17.8

19.1

21.2

22.9

23.9


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10

Time

100

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

172

139

89

72

761

600

327

225

5140

3317

2258

1738

1420

1053

37


(A) (Ah) (Wh)



66.3

52.1

28.4

19.6

15.0

12.2

7.8

6.4

480.8

301.9

201.5

154.3

125.2

92.0

3.3

16.0

25.1

34.3

38.6

41.3

46.0

49.7

52.1

56.7

58.7

60.2

60.7

62.6

63.5

66.4

171.2

525.1

276.3

338.9

383.8

230.7

434.4

177.5

468.7

145.1

526.7

107.6

570.4

599.9

653.8

674.6

687.5

695.3

709.2

715.3

730.0

77.7

61.3

33.4

23.0

17.6

14.2

9.1

7.3

3.7

17.5

28.2

39.2

44.4

47.9

53.8

58.3

61.3

66.8

68.9

70.2

71.0

72.5

73.1

74.6

200.0

129.1

87.9

67.6

55.3

41.0

29.6

23.3

12.7

8.7

6.7

5.4

3.4

2.8

1.4

22.2

23.3

25.4

26.2

26.7

27.1

27.6

27.8

6.7

10.8

14.9

16.9

18.2

20.5

28.4


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10

Time

100

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

219

168

136

86

984

723

574

317

3911

2870

2028

1586

1313

69

35


(A) (Ah) (Wh)



351.5

254.3

177.0

137.4

113.6

85.2

62.4

49.5

27.5

19.1

14.7

12.0

7.7

6.2

3.2

11.7

21.2

30.1

34.4

37.5

42.6

46.8

49.5

54.9

57.1

58.9

59.7

61.4

62.2

64.4

130.2

399.5

239.0

293.2

344.7

207.1

396.4

162.0

433.3

574.4

634.1

658.0

672.7

680.0

689.7

697.0

701.9

134.1

492.2

100.6

542.4

73.9

58.7

32.4

22.4

17.2

13.9

8.8

7.1

3.6

13.3

24.4

35.2

40.5

44.3

50.3

55.4

58.7

64.8

67.2

68.7

69.5

70.5

71.2

71.7

152.2

111.7

78.9

61.7

51.1

38.3

28.1

22.4

12.3

8.5

6.5

5.3

3.4

2.7

1.4

19.2

21.1

22.4

24.7

25.6

26.2

26.5

26.8

5.1

9.3

13.4

15.4

16.9

27.1

27.3

www.enersys.com


Time

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

Watts

(W)

486

342

264

216

142

116

63

8787

5263

3371

2578

2089

1539

1112

885


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

41.1

28.6

22.3

18.2

12.0

9.8

5.3

903.7

491.0

304.5

228.8

183.5

133.5

95.5

75.5

30.1

40.9

50.8

57.2

61.2

66.8

71.6

75.5

292.9

438.6

561.8

644.6

696.4

769.5

833.9

885.0



82.2

85.8

89.2

91.0

972.0

38.5

1026.0

27.1

1056.0

20.9

1080.0

17.1

96.0

98.0

1132.8

1158.0

106.0

1260.0

11.2

9.2

5.0

696.5

417.2

267.2

204.4

165.6

122.0

88.1

70.1

23.2

34.8

44.5

51.1

55.2

61.0

66.1

70.1

77.0

81.3

83.7

85.6

89.8

91.8

100.0

250.3

149.9

96.0

73.5

59.5

43.8

31.7

25.2

13.8

9.7

7.5

6.2

4.0

3.3

1.8

27.7

29.2

30.1

30.8

32.3

33.0

35.9

8.3

12.5

16.0

18.4

19.8

21.9

23.8

25.2


Watts

Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1

Hours to 9V at 25°C (77°F)

10 100

Time

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

1082

862

478

335

260

212

140

114

7390

4883

3242

2482

2020

1494

61


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

92.8

73.5

40.2

28.1

21.8

17.8

11.7

9.6

707.0

449.5

290.7

219.5

177.0

129.5

5.2

23.6

37.5

48.5

54.9

59.0

64.8

69.6

73.5

80.4

84.3

87.2

89.0

93.6

96.0

246.3

407.0

540.3

620.4

673.2

747.0

811.4

861.6

85.7

68.3

955.2

37.9

1004.4

26.5

1039.2

20.6

1062.0

16.8

1118.4

11.1

1140.0

9.0

104.0

1224.0



585.8

387.1

257.0

196.7

160.1

118.4

4.9

19.5

32.3

42.8

49.2

53.4

59.2

64.3

68.3

75.7

79.6

82.4

84.2

88.7

90.4

97.0

210.5

139.1

92.4

70.7

57.5

42.6

30.8

24.5

13.6

9.5

7.4

6.1

4.0

3.2

1.7

23.1

24.5

27.2

28.6

29.6

30.3

31.9

32.5

7.0

11.6

15.4

17.7

19.2

21.3

34.9


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


10 100

Time

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

6300

4427

3036

2358

1935

1445

1054

842

469

329

256

209

137

112

61


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

585.0

399.9

268.9

206.6

168.3

124.5

90.0

81.6

39.4

27.6

21.4

17.5

11.5

9.4

5.1

19.5

33.3

44.8

51.7

56.1

62.3

57.5

71.6

78.8

82.8

85.6

87.5

92.0

210.0

368.9

506.0

589.5

645.0



499.4

350.9

240.7

186.9

153.4

722.7

790.2

842.4

938.4

114.6

83.5

66.8

37.2

988.2

26.1

1022.4

20.3

1047.0

16.6

1099.2

10.9

94.0

1122.0

102.0

1212.0

8.9

4.8

16.6

29.2

40.1

46.7

51.1

57.3

62.6

66.8

74.4

78.3

81.0

83.0

87.1

88.9

96.1

179.5

126.1

86.5

67.2

55.1

41.2

30.0

24.0

13.4

9.4

7.3

6.0

3.9

3.2

1.7

20.6

22.5

24.0

26.7

28.2

29.1

29.8

31.3

6.0

10.5

14.4

16.8

18.4

32.0

34.5


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


10 100

www.enersys.com


23


Watts

Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


10

Time

100

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

Watts

(W)

453

320

248

203

133

109

58

4810

3681

2656

2115

1762

1341

993

801


(A) (Ah) (Wh)



37.9

26.7

20.8

17.0

11.1

9.1

4.8

431.9

323.1

229.8

181.6

150.6

113.9

83.9

67.5

14.4

26.9

38.3

45.4

50.2

57.0

62.9

67.5

75.8

80.1

83.2

85.0

88.8

91.0

96.0

160.3

381.3

306.8

291.8

442.7

210.5

528.8

167.6

587.4

139.7

670.5

106.3

744.8

801.0

906.0

959.4

993.6

1017.0

1065.6

1086.0

1164.0

78.7

63.5

35.9

25.3

19.7

16.1

10.6

8.6

4.6

12.7

24.3

35.1

41.9

46.6

53.1

59.0

63.5

71.8

76.0

78.8

80.6

84.5

86.1

92.3

137.0

104.9

75.7

60.3

50.2

38.2

28.3

22.8

12.9

9.1

7.1

5.8

3.8

3.1

1.7

25.8

27.3

28.3

29.0

30.4

30.9

33.2

4.6

8.7

12.6

15.1

16.7

19.1

21.2

22.8

24

www.enersys.com


Appendix B

- Genesis EP Discharge Rates

Time

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

Watts

(W)

20

16

8

69

49

38

31

1437

791

488

364

293

215

156

124


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

5.8

4.1

3.2

2.6

1.7

1.4

0.7

149.6

76.7

45.3

33.0

26.2

18.9

13.5

10.6

5.0

6.4

7.7

8.3

8.7

9.5

10.1

10.6

11.6

12.3

12.8

13.0

13.6

14.0

14.0

138.0

147.0

152.0

155.0

160.0

160.0

160.0

47.9

65.9

83.0

91.0

97.6

107.5

117.0

124.0



36.3

25.8

20.0

16.3

10.5

8.4

4.2

756.2

416.3

256.8

191.6

154.2

113.1

82.1

65.3

72.6

77.4

80.0

81.6

84.2

84.2

84.2

25.2

34.7

43.7

47.9

51.3

56.6

61.6

65.3

14.1

10.0

7.8

6.3

4.1

3.3

1.6

293.3

161.4

99.6

74.3

59.8

43.9

31.8

25.3

28.2

30.0

31.0

31.6

32.7

32.7

32.7

9.8

13.4

16.9

18.6

19.9

21.9

23.9

25.3

Figure B-1: 13EP discharge data to 9V at 25°C (77°F)

Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.1

1

Hours to 9V at 25

°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

Time Watts

(W)


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

2 min.

1268.0

123.9

5 min.

758.0

70.8

10 min.

482.0

15 min.

361.0

43.6

32.2

20 min.

292.0

30 min.

214.0

25.7

18.6

45 min.

154.0

1 hr.

121.0

2 hr.

3 hr.

67.0

47.0

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

36.0

29.0

19.0

16.0

20 hr.

8.0

0.7

3.0

2.5

1.6

1.3

13.2

10.4

5.7

3.9

4.1

5.9

7.4

8.1

8.6

9.3

9.9

10.4

11.4

11.7

12.0

12.5

12.8

13.0

14.0

115.5

121.0

134.0

141.0

144.0

145.0

152.0

160.0

42.2

63.1

81.9

90.3

97.2

107.0

160.0



81.0

63.7

35.3

24.7

18.9

15.3

10.0

8.4

667.3

398.9

253.7

190.0

153.7

112.6

4.2

60.8

63.7

70.5

74.2

75.8

76.3

80.0

84.2

22.2

33.2

43.1

47.5

51.2

56.3

84.2

7.3

5.9

3.9

3.3

31.4

24.7

13.7

9.6

258.8

154.7

98.4

73.7

59.6

43.7

1.6

23.6

24.7

27.3

28.8

29.4

29.6

31.0

32.7

8.6

12.9

16.7

18.4

19.8

21.8

32.7

Figure B-2: 13EP discharge data to 10.02V at 25°C (77°F)

Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

Time Watts

(W)


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

2 min.

1153.0

108.6

5 min.

715.0

65.5

10 min.

463.0

15 min.

349.0

20 min.

283.0

41.4

30.9

24.8

30 min.

208.0

45 min.

151.0

1 hr.

2 hr.

119.0

66.0

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

46.0

36.0

29.0

19.0

10 hr.

20 hr.

16.0

8.0

1.3

0.7

3.8

3.0

2.4

1.6

18.0

12.9

10.1

5.5

3.6

5.5

7.0

7.7

8.3

9.0

9.7

10.1

11.0

11.4

12.0

12.0

12.8

13.0

14.0

104.0

113.3

119.0

132.0

138.0

144.0

145.0

152.0

38.4

59.6

78.7

87.3

94.2

160.0

160.0



606.8

376.3

243.7

183.7

148.9

109.5

79.5

62.6

34.7

24.2

18.9

15.3

10.0

8.4

4.2

54.7

59.6

62.6

69.5

72.6

75.8

76.3

80.0

20.2

31.3

41.4

45.9

49.6

84.2

84.2

235.3

145.9

94.5

71.2

57.8

9.4

7.3

5.9

3.9

42.4

30.8

24.3

13.5

3.3

1.6

21.2

23.1

24.3

26.9

28.2

29.4

29.6

31.0

7.8

12.2

16.1

17.8

19.2

32.7

32.7


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

www.enersys.com


25

26


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

Time Watts

(W)

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

2 min.

1001.0

5 min.

647.0

10 min.

428.0

15 min.

328.0

20 min.

268.0

30 min.

199.0

45 min.

145.0

1 hr.

115.0

64.0

45.0

35.0

29.0

19.0

15.0

8.0


(A) (Ah) (Wh)



5.3

3.7

2.9

2.3

1.5

1.2

0.7

89.2

57.8

37.9

28.8

23.3

17.1

12.4

9.7

3.0

4.8

6.4

7.2

7.8

8.6

9.3

9.7

10.6

11.1

11.6

11.5

12.0

12.0

14.0

33.3

53.9

72.8

82.0

89.2

99.5

108.8

115.0

128.0

135.0

140.0

145.0

152.0

150.0

160.0

526.8

340.5

225.2

172.6

141.0

104.7

76.3

60.5

33.7

23.7

18.4

15.3

10.0

7.9

4.2

17.5

28.4

38.3

43.2

47.0

52.4

57.2

60.5

67.4

71.0

73.7

76.3

80.0

78.9

84.2

204.3

132.0

87.3

66.9

54.7

40.6

29.6

23.5

13.1

9.2

7.1

5.9

3.9

3.1

1.6

26.1

27.6

28.6

29.6

31.0

30.6

32.7

6.8

11.0

14.8

16.7

18.2

20.3

22.2

23.5


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.1

1

Hours to 9V at 25

°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

Time

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

45

37

24

19

192

151

83

58

1900

1028

624

460

368

268

10


(A) (Ah) (Wh)



3.8

3.1

2.0

1.6

16.6

13.0

7.1

4.9

195.7

98.4

57.2

41.3

32.7

23.4

0.8

6.5

8.2

9.5

10.3

10.9

11.7

12.5

13.0

14.2

14.7

15.2

15.5

16.0

16.0

16.0

63.3

85.6

817.0

442.0

104.0

268.3

115.0

197.8

122.7

158.2

134.0

115.2

144.0

151.0

166.0

174.0

180.0

185.0

192.0

190.0

200.0

82.6

64.9

35.7

24.9

19.4

15.9

10.3

8.2

4.3

27.2

36.8

44.7

49.5

52.7

57.6

61.9

64.9

71.4

74.8

77.4

79.6

82.6

81.7

86.0

311.5

168.5

102.3

75.4

60.3

43.9

31.5

24.8

13.6

9.5

7.4

6.1

3.9

3.1

1.6

23.6

24.8

27.2

28.5

29.5

30.3

31.5

31.1

10.4

14.0

17.1

18.9

20.1

22.0

32.8


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

Time

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

57

44

36

23

265

190

149

82

1674

976

610

454

364

19

10


(A) (Ah) (Wh)



161.2

90.0

54.8

40.1

32.0

4.8

3.7

3.0

2.0

23.0

16.3

12.7

6.9

1.6

0.8

5.4

7.5

9.1

10.0

10.7

11.5

12.2

12.7

13.8

14.4

14.8

15.0

16.0

16.0

16.0

55.7

81.3

121.3

149.0

164.0

171.0

176.0

180.0

184.0

190.0

200.0

719.8

419.7

101.7

262.3

113.5

195.2

156.5

132.5

114.0

142.5

81.7

64.1

35.3

24.5

18.9

15.5

9.9

8.2

4.3

24.0

35.0

43.7

48.8

52.2

57.0

61.3

64.1

70.5

73.5

75.7

77.4

79.1

81.7

86.0

274.4

160.0

100.0

74.4

59.7

43.4

31.1

24.4

13.4

9.3

7.2

5.9

3.8

3.1

1.6

21.7

23.4

24.4

26.9

28.0

28.9

29.5

30.2

9.1

13.3

16.7

18.6

19.9

31.1

32.8

www.enersys.com


Time

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

Watts

(W)

23

19

10

81

56

43

35

1502

919

587

441

356

260

187

147


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

6.8

4.7

3.6

3.0

1.9

1.6

0.8

140.0

83.0

52.0

38.6

30.9

22.3

15.9

12.5

4.7

6.9

8.7

9.7

10.3

11.2

11.9

12.5

13.6

14.1

14.4

15.0

15.2

16.0

16.0

162.0

168.0

172.0

175.0

184.0

190.0

200.0

50.0

76.6

97.9

110.3

118.7

130.0

140.3

147.0



34.8

24.1

18.5

15.1

9.9

8.2

4.3

645.9

395.2

252.4

189.6

153.1

111.8

80.4

63.2

69.7

72.2

74.0

75.3

79.1

81.7

86.0

21.5

32.9

42.1

47.4

51.0

55.9

60.3

63.2

13.3

9.2

7.0

5.7

3.8

3.1

1.6

246.2

150.7

96.2

72.3

58.4

42.6

30.7

24.1

26.6

27.5

28.2

28.7

30.2

31.1

32.8

8.2

12.5

16.0

18.1

19.5

21.3

23.0

24.1


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

Time

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

43

35

23

19

181

143

79

55

1267

832

551

419

341

251

10


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

3.5

2.9

1.9

1.5

15.3

12.0

6.6

4.6

113.2

72.9

47.6

36.0

29.1

21.3

0.8

3.8

6.1

7.9

9.0

9.7

10.7

11.5

12.0

13.2

13.8

14.0

14.5

15.2

15.0

16.0

135.8

143.0

158.0

165.0

172.0

175.0

184.0

190.0

42.2

69.3

91.9

104.8

113.7

125.5

200.0



77.8

61.5

34.0

23.7

18.5

15.1

9.9

8.2

544.8

357.8

236.9

180.2

146.6

107.9

4.3

58.4

61.5

67.9

71.0

74.0

75.3

79.1

81.7

18.1

29.8

39.5

45.0

48.9

54.0

86.0

7.0

5.7

3.8

3.1

29.7

23.4

13.0

9.0

207.7

136.4

90.3

68.7

55.9

41.1

1.6

22.3

23.4

25.9

27.0

28.2

28.7

30.2

31.1

6.9

11.4

15.1

17.2

18.6

20.6

32.8


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

Time Watts

(W)

2 min.

5 min.

2898

1674

10 min.

1045

15 min.

778

20 min.

625

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

32

16

97

75

61

39

454

326

256

140


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

8.3

6.3

5.1

3.3

40.0

28.4

22.1

11.9

302.4

162.2

96.9

70.6

56.0

2.7

1.4

10.1

13.5

16.2

17.7

18.7

20.0

21.3

22.1

23.8

24.9

25.2

25.5

26.4

27.0

28.0

96.5

139.4

174.2

194.5

208.3

227.0

244.5

256.0

280.0

291.0

300.0

305.0

312.0

320.0

320.0



785.3

453.6

283.2

210.8

169.4

123.0

88.3

69.4

37.9

26.3

20.3

16.5

10.6

8.7

4.3

61.5

66.3

69.4

75.9

78.9

81.3

82.6

84.5

26.2

37.8

47.2

52.7

56.4

86.7

86.7

286.9

165.7

103.5

77.0

61.9

9.6

7.4

6.0

3.9

45.0

32.3

25.3

13.9

3.2

1.6

22.5

24.2

25.3

27.7

28.8

29.7

30.2

30.9

9.6

13.8

17.2

19.3

20.6

31.7

31.7


Watts

Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1

Hours to 9V at 25

°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

www.enersys.com


27

28


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

Time

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

Watts

(W)

137

95

73

59

38

31

16

2419

1532

995

751

607

444

319

251


(A) (Ah) (Wh)



11.7

8.0

6.1

5.0

3.2

2.6

1.4

235.8

143.4

90.7

67.4

54.1

39.0

27.8

21.7

7.9

11.9

15.1

16.9

18.0

19.5

20.9

21.7

23.4

24.0

24.4

25.0

25.6

26.0

28.0

80.6

239.3

251.0

274.0

285.0

292.0

295.0

304.0

310.0

320.0

655.5

127.6

415.1

165.9

269.6

187.8

203.5

202.3

164.5

222.0

120.3

86.4

68.0

37.1

25.7

19.8

16.0

10.3

8.4

4.3

21.8

34.6

44.9

50.9

54.8

60.2

64.8

68.0

74.2

77.2

79.1

79.9

82.4

84.0

86.7

239.5

151.7

98.5

74.4

60.1

44.0

31.6

24.9

13.6

9.4

7.2

5.8

3.8

3.1

1.6

27.1

28.2

28.9

29.2

30.1

30.7

31.7

8.0

12.6

16.4

18.6

20.0

22.0

23.7

24.9


Watts

Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

Time

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

71

58

37

31

311

245

134

93

2141

1424

947

721

587

431

16


(A) (Ah) (Wh)



6.0

4.9

3.1

2.5

26.9

21.0

11.3

7.8

200.9

129.9

84.7

63.8

51.5

37.5

1.3

6.7

10.8

14.1

16.0

17.2

18.8

20.2

21.0

22.6

23.4

24.0

24.5

24.8

25.0

26.0

71.3

580.2

118.6

385.9

157.9

256.6

180.3

195.4

195.6

159.1

215.5

116.8

233.3

245.0

268.0

279.0

284.0

290.0

296.0

310.0

320.0

84.3

66.4

36.3

25.2

19.2

15.7

10.0

8.4

4.3

19.3

32.1

42.8

48.8

53.0

58.4

63.2

66.4

72.6

75.6

77.0

78.6

80.2

84.0

86.7

212.0

141.0

93.8

71.4

58.1

42.7

30.8

24.3

13.3

9.2

7.0

5.7

3.7

3.1

1.6

23.1

24.3

26.5

27.6

28.1

28.7

29.3

30.7

7.1

11.7

15.6

17.8

19.4

21.3

31.7


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

Time

2 min.

5 min.

10 min.

15 min.

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

Watts

(W)

90

69

56

37

412

299

236

130

1795

1273

876

677

555

29

16


(A) (Ah) (Wh)



159.4

111.4

75.8

58.2

47.5

7.5

5.7

4.7

3.0

35.0

25.3

19.9

10.8

2.4

1.3

5.3

9.3

12.6

14.6

15.8

17.5

19.0

19.9

21.6

22.5

22.8

23.5

24.0

24.0

26.0

59.8

185.0

236.0

260.0

270.0

276.0

280.0

296.0

290.0

320.0

486.4

106.0

345.0

146.0

237.4

169.3

183.5

150.4

206.0

111.6

224.3

81.0

64.0

35.2

24.4

18.7

15.2

10.0

7.9

4.3

16.2

28.7

39.6

45.9

50.1

55.8

60.8

64.0

70.5

73.2

74.8

75.9

80.2

78.6

86.7

177.7

126.0

86.7

67.0

55.0

40.8

29.6

23.4

12.9

8.9

6.8

5.5

3.7

2.9

1.6

20.4

22.2

23.4

25.7

26.7

27.3

27.7

29.3

5.9

10.5

14.5

16.8

18.3

28.7

31.7

www.enersys.com


Time Watts

(W)

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

2 min.

5 min.

4046

2498

10 min.

1607

15 min.

1210

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

979

716

516

406

223

155

119

98

64

52

28


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

18.8

13.1

10.0

8.2

5.3

4.3

2.3

417.0

240.5

148.3

109.2

87.2

62.7

44.6

34.8

13.9

20.0

24.7

27.3

29.1

31.4

33.5

34.8

37.6

39.3

40.0

41.0

42.4

43.0

46.0

446.0

465.0

476.0

490.0

512.0

520.0

560.0

134.7

208.1

267.9

302.5

326.3

358.0

387.0

406.0



39.9

27.8

21.3

17.6

11.5

9.3

5.0

724.8

447.5

287.9

216.7

175.4

128.3

92.4

72.7

79.9

83.3

85.3

87.8

91.7

93.1

100.3

24.1

37.3

48.0

54.2

58.5

64.1

69.3

72.7

15.0

10.4

8.0

6.6

4.3

3.5

1.9

271.5

167.7

107.9

81.2

65.7

48.1

34.6

27.2

29.9

31.2

31.9

32.9

34.4

34.9

37.6

9.0

14.0

18.0

20.3

21.9

24.0

26.0

27.2


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1

Hours to 9V at 25

°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

Time Watts

(W)

2 min.

5 min.

3317

2291

10 min.

1540

15 min.

1173

20 min.

30 min.

953

698

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

28

115

94

62

51

502

394

215

149


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

9.7

7.9

5.1

4.2

43.3

33.8

18.2

12.6

322.3

212.0

138.4

104.1

83.8

60.8

2.3

10.7

17.7

23.1

26.0

27.9

30.4

32.5

33.8

36.4

37.8

38.8

39.5

40.8

42.0

46.0

376.5

394.0

430.0

447.0

460.0

470.0

496.0

510.0

110.5

190.8

256.7

293.3

317.6

349.0

560.0



89.9

70.6

38.5

26.7

20.6

16.8

11.1

9.1

594.2

410.4

275.9

210.1

170.7

125.0

5.0

67.4

70.6

77.0

80.1

82.4

84.2

88.8

91.4

19.8

34.2

46.0

52.5

56.9

62.5

100.3

7.7

6.3

4.2

3.4

33.7

26.4

14.4

10.0

222.6

153.8

103.4

78.7

64.0

46.8

1.9

25.3

26.4

28.9

30.0

30.9

31.5

33.3

34.2

7.4

12.8

17.2

19.7

21.3

23.4

37.6


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

Time Watts

(W)

2 min.

5 min.

2978

2130

10 min.

1461

15 min.

1124

20 min.

919

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

50

28

147

113

93

61

678

491

386

212


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

58.5

42.0

32.9

17.9

12.4

9.5

7.7

5.0

279.9

193.0

129.4

98.5

80.0

4.1

2.3

9.3

16.1

21.6

24.6

26.7

29.3

31.5

32.9

35.8

37.2

38.0

38.5

40.0

41.0

46.0

99.2

177.4

243.5

281.0

306.3

339.0

368.3

386.0

424.0

441.0

452.0

465.0

488.0

500.0

560.0



533.5

381.6

261.7

201.3

164.6

121.5

88.0

69.1

38.0

26.3

20.2

16.7

10.9

9.0

5.0

60.7

66.0

69.1

76.0

79.0

81.0

83.3

87.4

17.8

31.8

43.6

50.3

54.9

89.6

100.3

199.9

143.0

98.1

75.4

61.7

9.9

7.6

6.2

4.1

45.5

33.0

25.9

14.2

3.4

1.9

22.8

24.7

25.9

28.5

29.6

30.3

31.2

32.8

6.7

11.9

16.3

18.9

20.6

33.6

37.6


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

www.enersys.com


29

30


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

Time Watts

(W)

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

2 min.

5 min.

2581

1901

10 min.

1338

15 min.

1046

20 min.

30 min.

45 min.

1 hr.

863

646

473

376

208

145

112

91

59

48

26


(A) (Ah) (Wh)



17.3

12.1

9.3

7.6

4.9

4.0

2.2

231.2

167.4

116.1

90.0

73.9

54.9

39.9

31.5

7.7

13.9

19.4

22.5

24.6

27.5

29.9

31.5

34.6

36.3

37.2

38.0

39.2

40.0

44.0

85.9

354.8

376.0

416.0

435.0

448.0

455.0

472.0

480.0

520.0

462.3

158.4

340.5

223.0

239.7

261.5

187.4

287.6

154.6

323.0

115.7

84.7

67.4

37.3

26.0

20.1

16.3

10.6

8.6

4.7

15.4

28.4

40.0

46.8

51.5

57.9

63.5

67.4

74.5

77.9

80.3

81.5

84.6

86.0

93.1

173.2

127.6

89.8

70.2

57.9

43.4

31.7

25.2

14.0

9.7

7.5

6.1

4.0

3.2

1.7

27.9

29.2

30.1

30.5

31.7

32.2

34.9

5.8

10.6

15.0

17.6

19.3

21.7

23.8

25.2


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1

Hours to 9V at 25

°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

Time Watts

(W)

2 min.

5 min.

6186

3924

10 min.

2552

15 min.

1926

20 min.

1560

30 min.

1143

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

41

185

151

97

79

822

644

349

241


(A) (Ah) (Wh)



70.7

55.0

29.5

20.3

15.6

12.6

8.1

6.6

655.5

380.3

235.0

173.1

138.2

99.6

3.5

21.8

31.7

39.2

43.3

46.1

49.8

53.0

55.0

59.0

60.9

62.4

63.0

64.8

66.0

70.0

206.0

632.0

326.9

400.9

425.4

260.7

481.5

196.8

519.9

159.4

571.5

116.8

616.5

644.0

698.0

723.0

740.0

755.0

776.0

790.0

820.0

84.0

65.8

35.7

24.6

18.9

15.4

9.9

8.1

4.2

21.0

33.4

43.5

49.2

53.1

58.4

63.0

65.8

71.3

73.9

75.6

77.1

79.3

80.7

83.8

254.6

161.5

105.0

79.3

64.2

47.0

33.8

26.5

14.4

9.9

7.6

6.2

4.0

3.3

1.7

25.4

26.5

28.7

29.8

30.5

31.1

31.9

32.5

8.5

13.5

17.5

19.8

21.4

23.5

33.7


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

Time Watts

(W)

2 min.

5 min.

4938

3525

10 min.

2416

15 min.

1858

20 min.

1517

30 min.

1118

45 min.

806

1 hr.

2 hr.

633

343

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

237

182

148

95

10 hr.

20 hr.

77

41


(A) (Ah) (Wh)



476.2

325.6

217.2

164.8

133.4

97.2

69.5

54.2

29.1

20.0

15.2

12.4

7.9

6.5

3.4

15.9

27.1

36.2

41.2

44.5

48.6

52.1

54.2

58.2

60.0

60.8

62.0

63.2

65.0

68.0

164.4

504.5

293.6

360.1

402.7

246.8

464.5

189.8

505.6

633.0

686.0

711.0

728.0

740.0

760.0

770.0

820.0

155.0

559.0

114.2

604.5

82.3

64.7

35.0

24.2

18.6

15.1

9.7

7.9

4.2

16.8

30.0

41.1

47.5

51.7

57.1

61.8

64.7

70.1

72.6

74.4

75.6

77.6

78.7

83.8

203.2

145.1

99.4

76.5

62.4

46.0

33.2

26.0

14.1

9.8

7.5

6.1

3.9

3.2

1.7

23.0

24.9

26.0

28.2

29.3

30.0

30.5

31.3

6.8

12.1

16.6

19.1

20.8

31.7

33.7

www.enersys.com


Time Watts

(W)

2 hr.

3 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

2 min.

5 min.

4328

3241

10 min.

2279

15 min.

1773

20 min.

1458

30 min.

1082

45 min.

1 hr.

785

619

337

233

179

145

94

76

40


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

28.5

19.6

14.9

12.1

7.8

6.3

3.3

404.1

293.3

202.2

155.6

127.1

93.5

67.3

52.8

13.5

24.4

33.7

38.9

42.4

46.8

50.5

52.8

57.0

58.8

59.6

60.5

62.4

63.0

66.0

674.0

699.0

716.0

725.0

752.0

760.0

800.0

144.1

270.0

379.9

443.3

486.0

541.0

588.8

619.0



34.4

23.8

18.3

14.8

9.6

7.8

4.1

442.2

331.1

232.8

181.1

149.0

110.5

80.2

63.2

68.9

71.4

73.1

74.1

76.8

77.6

81.7

14.7

27.6

38.8

45.3

49.6

55.3

60.1

63.2

13.9

9.6

7.4

6.0

3.9

3.1

1.6

178.1

133.4

93.8

73.0

60.0

44.5

32.3

25.5

27.7

28.8

29.5

29.8

30.9

31.3

32.9

5.9

11.1

15.6

18.2

20.0

22.3

24.2

25.5


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

Time Watts

(W)

2 min.

5 min.

3791

2846

10 min.

2071

15 min.

1638

20 min.

1361

30 min.

1024

45 min.

1 hr.

2 hr.

1 hr.

4 hr.

5 hr.

8 hr.

10 hr.

20 hr.

39

174

141

91

74

751

595

328

227


(A) (Ah) (Wh)

63.6

50.2

27.4

18.9

14.5

11.8

7.5

6.1

326.1

251.8

180.3

141.4

116.9

87.3

3.2

10.9

21.0

30.1

35.4

39.0

43.7

47.7

50.2

54.8

56.7

58.0

59.0

60.0

61.0

64.0

563.3

595.0

656.0

681.0

696.0

705.0

728.0

740.0

126.2

237.1

345.2

409.5

453.6

512.0

780.0



76.7

60.8

33.5

23.2

17.8

14.4

9.3

7.6

387.3

290.8

211.6

167.3

139.0

104.6

4.0

57.5

60.8

67.0

69.6

71.1

72.0

74.4

75.6

12.9

24.2

35.3

41.8

46.3

52.3

79.7

7.2

5.8

3.7

3.0

30.9

24.5

13.5

9.3

156.0

117.1

85.2

67.4

56.0

42.1

1.6

23.2

24.5

27.0

28.0

28.6

29.0

30.0

30.5

5.2

9.8

14.2

16.9

18.7

21.1

32.1


Watts Amps

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

1


°

C (77

°

F)

10 100

www.enersys.com


31

★

★

Global Headquarters

★

Regional Headquarters Manufacturing Facilities Sales

Wherever in the world you do business, EnerSys is with you all the way. With large manufacturing plants strategically located throughout Asia, Europe and North and South America, combined with a strong global sales and support team, and backed with a reputation for world-leading technology, our customers benefit through supply reliability, high quality products designed to meeting ever increasing technical requirements, and our commitment to providing the best solution to meeting their Reserve Power needs.

For more information, visit our website at www.enersys.com, or contact an EnerSys Reserve Power sales office.

www.enersys.com

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EnerSys XE, EP Genesis Purelead Battery Application manual

Assistant Bot

APPLICATION

MANUAL

SEVENTH EDITION

Genesis

™

Purelead

XE and EP

Genesis XE & EP Application Manual

Preface to the Seventh

Edition

This section is at the heart of this manual. Because of the wide variety of data and information included in this chapter, it is divided into smaller, self-contained sections, allowing the reader to locate specific information in the quickest possible time.

As mentioned before, the Genesis pure lead-tin battery is available in EP and XE versions. The EP battery is adequate under most operating conditions.

Special application situations such as high ambient temperature or high shock and vibration require the

XE version.

Table 2.2.1 summarizes the differences between the two versions and is designed to help you choose the right version for your application. In this table, the differences are highlighted in

red boldfaced

.

Appendix A

- Genesis XE Discharge Rates

Appendix B

- Genesis EP Discharge Rates

★

★

For more information, visit our website at www.enersys.com, or contact an EnerSys Reserve Power sales office.

Key Features

Frequently Answers and Questions

What is the difference between the Genesis XE and EP versions?

How do I choose the right Genesis version for my application?

What is the typical life expectancy of a Genesis battery?

How do I charge a Genesis battery?

What are the storage recommendations for Genesis batteries?

Related manuals

EnerSys XE, EP Genesis Purelead Battery Application manual

Assistant Bot

APPLICATION

MANUAL

SEVENTH EDITION

Genesis

™

Purelead

XE and EP

Genesis XE & EP Application Manual

Preface to the Seventh

Edition

This section is at the heart of this manual. Because of the wide variety of data and information included in this chapter, it is divided into smaller, self-contained sections, allowing the reader to locate specific information in the quickest possible time.

As mentioned before, the Genesis pure lead-tin battery is available in EP and XE versions. The EP battery is adequate under most operating conditions.

Special application situations such as high ambient temperature or high shock and vibration require the

XE version.

Table 2.2.1 summarizes the differences between the two versions and is designed to help you choose the right version for your application. In this table, the differences are highlighted in

red boldfaced

.

Appendix A

- Genesis XE Discharge Rates

Appendix B

- Genesis EP Discharge Rates

★

★

For more information, visit our website at www.enersys.com, or contact an EnerSys Reserve Power sales office.

Key Features

Frequently Answers and Questions

What is the difference between the Genesis XE and EP versions?

How do I choose the right Genesis version for my application?

What is the typical life expectancy of a Genesis battery?

How do I charge a Genesis battery?

What are the storage recommendations for Genesis batteries?

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