SIMRAD RA771UA Marine Radar Instruction manual
Below you will find brief information for Marine Radar RA771UA. This radar is designed for small and medium-sized vessels. It offers several advanced technologies, including a microcomputer, a high-resolution display, and automatic sea clutter suppression. This device supports several functions, including plotting the track of targets, off-centering, setting a guard zone around your ship, and rejecting interference from other radars.
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PIN 855-106335
SIMRAD MARINE RADAR
RA771UA
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
FOR
MAFUNE
RADAR
TYPE
RA771 UA
ANRITSU
CORPORATION
MAY. ‘92
WARNING
HIGH VOLTAGE
High v o l t a g e r a n g i n g from 300V t o l O k V a r e u s e d i n t h i s equipment. D o n o t t o u c h t h e i n s i d e o f t h e equipment d u r i n g i n s p e c t i o n , r e p a i r , or m a i n t e n a n c e u n t i l you are c e r t a i n t h a t t h e power s w i t c h o n t h e d i s p l a y u n i t and main power s w i t c h b o a r d are t u r n e d o f f . Even a f t e r these s w i t c h e s a r e t u r n e d o f f , t h e r e
m a y
be h i g h s t a t i c v o l t a g e a t c o n d e n s e r s , e t c .
Always ground h i g h - v o l t a g e p o i n t s u s i n g a n i n s u l a t e d c o n d u c t o r .
DURING MAINTENANCE OF THE SCANNER UNIT
THE ANTENNA MUST NOT BE ROTATED
Never
s t a r t maintenance work on t h e s c a n n e r u n i t u n t i l you a r e s u r e t h a t t h e main power s w i t c h on t h e s w i t c h b o a r d and t h e power s w i t c h on t h e d i s p l a y u n i t are t u r n e d o f f , and t h e a n t e n n a m o t o r - l i n e i n t h e s c a n n e r u n i t i s d i s c o n n e c t e d
of
from c o n n e c t o r 5 2 on the.MOD PC b o a r d . A c c i d e n t a l r o t a t i o n o f t h e a n t e n n a
is
a p o t e n t i a l h a z a r d t o p e r s o n n e l .
A
s u i t a b l e , c o n s p i c u o u s s i g n such a s "MAINTENANCE
I N
PROGRESS"
should be p o s t e d on t h e d i s p l a y u n i t d u r i n g maintenance
work.
CONTENTS
1.
2.
3 .
4 .
5 .
GENERAL
1.1
I n t r o d u c t i o n
1 . 2 F e a t u r e s
OPERATION
2 . 1 Key Layout
2.2
B a s i c
O p e r a t i o n
2 . 3 S e a C l u t t e r S u p p r e s s i o n (STC)
2 . 3 . 1 Manual S e a
C l u t t e r
S u p p r e s s i o n
2 . 3 . 2 A u t o m a t i c S e a C l u t t e r S u p p r e s s i o n
2 . 4 R a i n a n d Snow C l u t t e r S u p p r e s s i o n (FTC)
2 . 5 M e a s u r i n g Target B e a r i n g s (EBL)
2 . 6 M e a s u r i n g T a r g e t R a g e s
2 . 6 . 1 Rough
Range
E s t i m a t i o n (Range R i n g s )
2 . 6 . 2
T o
Measure A c c u r a t e Ranges
(VRM)
2.7 S t r e t c h i n g Echoes from T a r g e t f o r E a s y T a r g e t
O b s e r v a t i o n
2 . 8 P l o t t i n g l o c u s o f E c h o e s f r o m Moving T a r g e t s
2 . 9 S e t t i n g Guard Zone a r o u n d
Your
S h i p
2 . 1 0 O f f - C e n t e r i n g
2 . 1 1 R e j e c t i n g I n t e r f e r e n c e from O t h e r R a d a r s
2 . 1 1 . 1 What i s
Radar
I n t e r f e r e n c e ?
2 . 1 1 . 2 R e j e c t i n g Radar I n t e r f e r e n c e
( I R )
2 . 1 2 E r a s i n g Heading Marker
2 . 1 3 S w i t c h i n g t h e D i s p l a y Modes
2 . 1 4 The s e c o n d
EBL a n d
VRM
2 . 1 5 The f l o a t i n g f u n c t i o n o f t h e s e c o n d EBL a n d
VRM
2 . 1 6 S e t u p Modes
2 . 1 6 . 1 E n t e r i n g S e t u p Mode
2 . 1 6 . 2 R e t u r n t o t h e Radar Mode
2 . 1 6 . 3 D e s c r i p t i o n of
Each S e t u p Mode
2 . 1 7 N a v i g a t i o n Data D i s p l a y
2 . 1 8 C a u t i o n
INTERPRETING
RADAR
PICTURES
3 . 1 P r o p a g a t i o n C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f R a d a r R a d i o Waves
3 . 2 Echo S t r e n g t h a n d I n c i d e n t Angle o f T a r g e t
3 . 3 Shadow Zones
3 . 4 F a l s e Echoes
MAINTENANCE
4 . 1 P r e v e n t i v e m a i n t e n a n c e
4 . 2 C h e c k i n g F u s e s a n d V o l t a g e s
INSTALLATION AND ADJUSTMENT
5 . 1
5 . 2
5 . 3
5 . 4
5 . 5
5 . 6
8.7
5 . 8
Unpacking I n s t r u c t i o n s
I n s t a l l a t i o n M a t e r i a l s
Power R e q u i r e m e n t s
5 . 3 . 1 Power S u p p l y V o l t a g e s
5 . 3 . 2 Power S y s t e m s
P r o p e r L o c a t i o n f o r I n s t a l l a t i o n o f Radar
5 . 4 . 1 S c a n n e r U n i t
I n s t a l l i n g S c a n n e r U n i t
I n s t a l l i n g D i s p l a y U n i t
5 . 6 . 1 C a b l e C o n n e c t i o n
5 . 6 . 2 D i s p l a y u n i t g r o u n d i n g
5 . 6 . 3 A d j u s t m e n t s
L a y i n g C a b l e s
I n s t a l l i n g t h e E x t e r n a l B u z z e r
5 . 9 I n t e r f a c e
5 . 9 . 1 Compass I n t e r f a c e
5 . 9 . 2
NMEA
I n t e r f a c e
5 . 1 0 C o u n t e r m e a s u r e m e n t f o r
E l e c t r o m a g n e t i c
I n t e r f e r e n c e
(EMI)
5 . 1 0 . 1 On Radar I n s t a l l a t i o n
5 . 1 0 . 2 Radio Equipment a n d U s i n g F r e q u e n c y
5 . 1 0 . 3 Improvement P r o c e d u r e
SPECIFICATIONS
for
EMI
6 .
6 . 1 P r i n c i p a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n
6.1.1
O v e r a l l
C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s
6 . 1 . 2 S c a n n e r U n i t
6 . 1 . 3 D i s p l a y
U n i t
6 . 1 . 4 I n t e r f a c e S i g n a l s
6 . 1 . 5 A l l o w a b l e S a f e D i s t a n c e
Compass
6 . 2 S t a n d a r d Equipment
6 . 3 O p t i o n
6 . 4 D i p s w i t c h s e l e c t i o n
ATTACHED DRAWINGS
~~
G e n e r a l S y s t e m D i a g r a m
S c a n n e r U n i t E x t e r n a l
V i e w
D i s p l a y U n i t E x t e r n a l
V i e w
O u t l i n e D r a w i n g R e c t i f i e r U n i t
R e c t i f i e r U n i t E x t e r n a l V i e w
I n t e r
C o n n e c t i o n Diagram
S c a n n e r U n i t C i r c u i t
Diagram
D i s p l a y U n i t C i r c u i t Diagram
R e c t i f i e r U n i t C i r c u i t Diagram
R e c t i f i e r
U n i t C i r c u i t Diagram from M a g n e t i c
24W138742
23W61747
~ ~~
23W61200
23W56729
24W138743
24W138587
23W61043
24W130456
24W138330
1. GENERAL
1.1
I n t r o d u c t i o n
The
RA771UA
Marine Radar i s a m a r i n e n a v i g a t i o n a l p u l s e r a d a r w i t h 4kW peak power o u t p u t f o r s m a l l a n d medium- sized v e s s e l s . The D i s p l a y U n i t u s e s a 1 0 - i n c h
CRT t o d i s p l a y monochrome p i c t u r e images a t f o u r d i f f e r e n t b r i g h t n e s s l e v e l s .
I t i s o n e o f a s e r i e s o f d i g i t a l m a r i n e - r a d a r s r e c e n t l y d e v e l o p e d by A n r i t s u C o r p o r a t i o n .
1 . 2
F e a t u r e s
Many v e r s a t i l e a d v a n c e d t e c h n o l o g i e s , s u c h a s a m i c r o c o m p u t e r , a n LSI e x c l u s i v e l y d e s i g n e d f o r v i d e o s i g n a l p r o c e s s i n g , h i g h - i n t e g r a t e d L S I s , h a v e b e e n i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t h e r a d a r c i r c u i t r y .
A s a r e s u l t , r a d a r v i d e o images c a n b e s t o r e d a n d t h e i n t e n s i t i e s of s i g n a l s r e f l e c t e d from t a r g e t s c a n b e d i s p l a y e d a t f o u r d i f f e r e n t b r i g h t n e s s l e v e l s .
I n a d d i t i o n , v a r i o u s a u t o m a t i c f u n c t i o n s , v i d e o image e x p a n s i o n , o f f - c e n t e r i n g , p l o t t i n g , e l e c t r o n i c c u r s o r , a n d o f f s e t a r e p r o v i d e d . a . High R e s o l u t i o n and S h a r p P i c t u r e
P i c t u r e r e s o l u t i o n i s e x c e l l e n t a t s h o r t a n d medium r a n g e s . T h i s u n i q u e o u t s t a n d i n g f e a t u r e h a s b e e n a c h i e v e d by u s i n g a " c l e a n p i c t u r e " c i r c u i t , t h a t i s a h i g h r e s o l u t i o n c i r c u i t d e v e l o p e d by A n r i t s u . b . A u t o m a t i c Sea C l u t t e r S u p p r e s s i o n a n d Auto Gain
C o n t r o l
( A U T O )
I n a d d i t i o n t o h a v i n g c o n v e n t i o n a l s e a c l u t t e r s u p p r e s s i o n , t h i s r a d a r h a s a n e w l y - d e v e l o p e d a u t o m a t i c s e a c l u t t e r s u p p r e s s o r .
And n o t o n l y a s e a c l u t t e r s u p p r e s s o r , t h i s new r a d a r h a s a n a u t o m a t i c g a i n c o n t r o l for e a s y o p e r a t i o n . c . A u t o m a t i c T u n i n g
To m a i n t a i n optimum g a i n a t a l l t i m e s , a u t o - t u n i n g e l i m i n a t e s t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of m i s s - t u n i n g l o w e r i n g of g a i n . o r f u n c t i o n d . O f f - C e n t e r i n g
Your s h i p ' s p o s i t i o n i n t h e p i c t u r e c a n b e o f f - c e n t e r e d f r o m t h e s c r e e n c e n t e r . The o f f - c e n t e r e d p o s i t i o n c a n b e s e t t o e i t h e r p o s i t i o n o f 6 0 % f o r w a r d o r
6 0 % b a c k w a r d . s i z e .
T h i s r e s u l t s i n t h e e f f e c t i v e u s e o f t h e d i s p l a y e .
E l e c t r o n i c C u r s o r s
:
E l e c t r o n i c B e a r i n g L i n e s
( E B L s ) a n d V a r i a b l e Range
M a r k e r s
(VRMs)
( i ) T h i s r a d a r c a n d i s p l a y two E B L s a n d two
V R M s . m i l e s
( N M ) ,
The
V R M r a n g e can b e d i s p l a y e d by n a u t i c a l k i l o m e t e r s ( K M ) o r s t a t u t e m i l e s
.
( i i )
EBL2 and
VRMZ c a n b e r e l o c a t e d f r o m t h e p i c t u r e c e n t e r (own s h i p p o i n t ) t o a n y p o i n t on t h e p i c t u r e . T h i s o f f s e t f a c i l i t y f o r
EBL2 a n d
VRM2 r e s u l t s i n
e a s y measurement of t h e b e a r i n g a n d r a n g e of a n y s e l e c t e d p o i n t s . t w o f . Guard Zone
E B L 1 .
An a l a r m zone s e c t o r c a n b e
The s e c t o r a n g l e v a r i e s s e t by u s i n g
VRMl
i n a b o u t 6 d e g r e e a n d i n c r e m e n t s .
An
e x t e r n a l b u z z e r can b e e a s i l y i n s t a l l e d a d d i t i o n t o b u i l t - i n alarm b u z z e r . i n g . P l o t t i n g p i c t u r e
The t r a c k of t a r g e t p i c t u r e can b e d i s p l a y e d o n t h e s c r e e n . The t r a c k i n g t i m e c a n be s e l e c t e d from
:
15 sec.,
30 s e c . , 1 m i n . , 3 m i n . , 6 m i n . , and c o n t i n u o u s .
2. OPERATION
2.1 Key Layout
The k e y a n d c o n t r o l knob l a y o u t i s shown b e l o w .
POWER SWITCH
*GUARD ZONE KE
RANGE RING
OPERATE KEY
RANGE
UP KEY
RANGE
DOWN
KEY
AUTO KEY
BRILLIANCE KEY
*VRM KEY
CONTROL KNOB
MOTOR
FUSE
Fig.
2-1
f i
12,24,48
3 , 6
0.5 to 1 . 5
0.8
/
600
0 . 2 5
0.08
/
1200
*(ST ON:
0 . 8 / 600)
/ 1800
*(ST
ON:
0 . 2 5 / 1200)
0.125,O .25 0.08
/ 1800
I
< Gain Adjustment
>
Press the GAIN key to set the gain adjustment mode. The underline shown below will be displayed on the screen.
<
Picture Brilliance
Adjustment
>
Indicates that the gain adjustment mode is selected.
Turn the control knob to adjust the gain. The gain adjustable range is from 0 to 50.
Turning the control knob clockwise elevates the level, enhances reception sensitivity and makes targets visible. Turning the control further clockwise changes the brightness level of echo signals reflected from targets with high reflection coefficients.
For
long-range observations, increase the gain by turning the control knob clockwise so that slight receiver noise can be observed. (Receiver noise usually appears on the entire surface of the display as speckled
Conversely, excessive gain at short range
will
obscure the picture with noise and unwanted echoes. Small targets will be concealed in the obscure areas.
In such a case, turn the control knob counterclockwise to the appropriate point. The intensities of signals reflected from targets are expressed as changes of brightness.
Press the key to change the CRT brightness and the panel illumination. One press varies the brilliance by one level.
U
2 - 3
<
O p e r a t e Keys and
C o n t r o l s Depending on C i r c u m s t a n c e s
>
Refer t o p a r a g r a p h
3.2
and a f t e r .
<
T o suspend radar o p e r a t i o n
>
Press t h e
OPERATE key once.
The r a d a r w i l l s t o p t r a n s m i s s i o n and t h e r a d a r p i c t u r e w i l l d i s a p p e a r .
To resume r a d a r o p e r a t i o n , press t h e
OPERATE key once more.
<
T o
S t o p
Radar
O p e r a t i o n
>
Press t h e POWER SWITCH more t h a n
3
seconds.
2 . 3
Sea
Clutter Suppression
(STC)
2 . 3 . 1 Manual Sea C l u t t e r S u p p r e s s i o n
(
STC:
S e n s i t i v i t y T i m e C o n t r o l )
( i )
P r e s s t h e STC key. The u n d e r l i n e d n u m e r i c a l i n d i c a t i o n shown below w i l l be d i s p l a y e d and t h e s e a c l u t t e r s u p p r e s s i o n mode (STC) w i l l be s e t .
F
0 G 3 0
I n d i c a t e s
STC a d j u s t m e n t mode i s selected.
( i i )
STC a d j u s t a b l e r a n g e i s from 0 t o
50.
Sea c l u t t e r i s o b s e r v e d from s h o r t - r a n g e s e a s u r f a c e s even when t h e s e a i s calm. When t h e s e a i s rough, i n t e n s e echoes a p p e a r o v e r a wide a r e a and sometimes make t a r g e t s i n v i s i b l e .
The STC c o n t r o l d e c r e a s e s s u c h t a r g e t s e a s i l y v i s i b l e . sea c l u t t e r and makes
T u r n t h e c o n t r o l knob clockwise t o d e c r e a s e s e a c l u t t e r . If t h e c o n t r o l knob
is
t u r n e d t o o f a r , echo s i g n a l from i m p o r t a n t t a r g e t s may d i s a p p e a r .
A d j u s t t h e c o n t r o l v e r y c a u t i o u s l y by o b s e r v i n g t h e p i c t u r e w i t h utmost c a r e .
U s u a l l y t h e STC c o n t r o l s h o u l d be s e t so t h a t t h e r e i s no s e a c l u t t e r a t s e a
or
n e a r t h e d i s p l a y c e n t e r when t h e i s calm, w i t h t h e d i s t a n c e r a n g e p r e s e t t o a minimum or 0.125
NM.
The STC c i r c u i t
is
d e s i g n e d p r i m a r i l y t o make t h e s h o r t - d i s t a n c e s e n s i t i v i t y ( g a i n ) lower and t h e long- d i s t a n c e s e n s i t i v i t y ( g a i n ) h i g h e r .
For
t h i s r e a s o n , no p i c t u r e may emerge on t h e d i s p l a y i f t h e s e a i s calm and t h e r e are no l a r g e t a r g e t s n e a r your s h i p when t h e range i s s e t t o
0.125
t o 0 . 5 N M and t h e l e v e l i s more than 3 0 .
2 . 3 . 2 Automatic Sea C l u t t e r S u p p r e s s i o n
(1)
Automatic Sea C l u t t e r S u p p r e s s i o n and Automatic Gain
C o n t r o l
APPENDIX
(RA770UA MARINE RADAR INSTRUCTION MANUAL(P2-4)
)
P r e s s t h e
AUTO k e y . The i n d i c a t i o n shown below w i l l b e d i s p l a y e d a n d t h e a u t o s e a - c l u t t e r s u p p r e s s i o n mode w i l l b e s e t .
A t t h e s a m e t i m e , t h e a u t o g a i n c o n t r o l mode w i l l b e s e t .
E v e r y p r e s s i n g o f t h e
AUTO k e y , t h e f u n c t i o n a n d d i s p l a y w i l l c h a n g e "AT 1" a n d "AT
2 " a l t e r n a t e l y .
The G A I N a n d / o r t h e FTC c a n t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e
AUTO mode. be u s e d w i t h manual c o n t r o l
P r e s s t h e STC k e y t o r e t u r n t h e manual c o n t r o l mode.
AT 1
I n d i c a t e s t h e a u t o
STC a n d a u t o g a i n mode i s s e l e c t e d .
The f u n c t i o n s of
AUTO a r e as f o l l o w s ;
AT
1 : Use t h i s mode t o watch t h e c o a s t - l i n e i n t h e c h a n n e l , or t o watch t h e s e a w i t h many s m a l l i s l a n d s a r o u n d y o u r s h i p . A l s o u s e t h i s mode i n t h e h a r b o r .
T h i s mode i s s i m i l a r t o t h e "low
S T C a n d low
G A I N " s t a t e i n t h e manual mode.
AT
2
:
Use t h i s mode t o s u p p r e s s t h e sea c l u t t e r i n t h e open s e a . T h i s mode i s s i m i l a r t o t h e " h i g h STC(depends on s e a s t a t e ) a n d h i g h
G A I N " s t a t e i n t h e manual mode. n o t e : To s u p p r e s s t h e l o n g - r a n g e r a i n / s n o w c l u t t e r , u s e t h e manual FTC a n d / o r
G A I N c o n t r o l w i t h
AUTO mode.
P r e s e t t i n g t h e
A T l / A T 2
l e v e l
"AT 1" a n d
"AT
2''
l e v e l c a n b e s e t by u s i n g f o l l o w i n g p r o c e d u r e s .
1. S e t t h e AUTO mode t o "AT 1" o r
"AT
2" t o c h a n g e t h e l e v e l .
To c h a n g e t h e
"AT
1" l e v e l , s e t t h e r a n g e s c a l e more t h a n
0 . 7 5
NM.
2 .
P r e s s a n d h o l d t h e
" B R I L L I A N C E " k e y t o e n t e r t h e SETUP
M E N U .
3.
P r e s s a n d h o l d t h e
AUTO key, a n d p r e s s t h e "RANGE-UP" key d u r i n g t h e b u z z e r i s s o u n d i n g . The s e t t i n g l e v e l s a r e d i s p l a y e d on t h e s c r e e n as f o l l o w s ;
ATI
LEVEL(N0RM 7 ) 7
AT
2
LEVEL(N0RM
5 )
5
4 .
When change t h e
"AT
l",
t u r n t h e e n c o d e r knob t o c h a n g e t h e l e v e l . The "AT 1" l e v e l c h a n g e s t h e AUTO- GAIN p r e s e t l e v e l ( n o t t o change t h e
AUTO-STC l e v e l ) .
5 .
When change t h e
"AT
2" , p r e s s t h e
"RANGE-DOWN" k e y t o d i s p l a y t h e u n d e r l i n e t o "AT
2 " . Then t u r n t h e e n c o d e r knob t o c h a n g e t h e AUTO-STC l e v e l ( n o t t o c h a n g e t h e AUTO-
G A I N l e v e l ) .
6.
P r e s s t h e TRANSMITT k e y t o r e t u r n t h e n o r m a l d i s p l a y .
2 - 5
Press t h e AUTO k e y . The i n d i c a t i o n shown below w i l l be d i s p l a y e d a n d t h e a u t o w i l l be s e a - c l u t t e r s u p p r e s s i o n mode s e t .
A t t h e same t i m e , t h e a u t o g a i n c o n t r o l mode w i l l be s e t .
P r e s s t h e
AUTO key a g a i n . The i n d i c a t i o n w i l l c h a n g e t o
"AT
2" a n d t h e a u t o s e a - c l u t t e r s u p p r e s s i o n w i l l e n h a n c e t h e e f f e c t .
AT
1
I n d i c a t e s t h e a u t o STC a n d a u t o g a i n mode i s s e l e c t e d .
( 2 ) A u t o m a t i c Sea C l u t t e r S u p p r e s s i o n a n d Manual G a i n
C o n t r o l
Press t h e G A I N k e y t o r e t u r n t o manual g a i n c o n t r o l mode. The i n d i c a t i o n shown below w i l l be d i s p l a y e d a n d t h e a u t o s e a - c l u t t e r s u p p r e s s i o n mode w i l l r e m a i n .
I n d i c a t e s t h e a u t o STC a n d manual g a i n c o n t r o l mode i s s e l e c t e d .
( 3 )
A u t o m a t i c S e a C l u t t e r S u p p r e s s i o n , Manual Gain
C o n t r o l a n d
FTC
C o n t r o l
P r e s s t h e FTC k e y t o add t h e FTC c o n t r o l mode. The i n d i c a t i o n shown below w i l l b e d i s p l a y e d a n d t h e a u t o sea- c l u t t e r s u p p r e s s i o n mode w i l l r e m a i n .
AT 1
G 30
I n d i c a t e s t h e a u t o STC, manual g a i n and
FTC c o n t r o l mode i s s e l e c t e d .
( 4 ) Manual c o n t r o l
P r e s s t h e STC k e y t o r e t u r n t o t h e manual c o n t r o l mode. The i n d i c a t i o n shown below w i l l b e d i s p l a y e d .
I n d i c a t e s t h e STC a d j u s t m e n t mode i s s e l e c t e d .
2 - 6
2 . 4 Rain and
S n o x C l u t t e r S u p p r e s s i o n (FTC)
( i ) Press t h e FTC key. The i n d i c a t i o n shown below w i l l be d i s p l a y e d and t h e r a i n and s n o w c l u t t e r s u p p r e s s i o n
(FTC) w i l l be s e t . m o d e
I n d i c a t e s t h e FTC mode i s s e l e c t e d . t o a d j u s t t h e l e v e l range from
0 t o 50.
C l u t t e r from r a i n , snow
or
fog may a p p e a r on a r a d a r p i c t u r e and sometimes m a s k t a r g e t s c o m p l e t e l y i n v i s i b l e .
I n such a case, t u r n t h e c o n t r o l knob a t t h e FTC mode c l o c k w i s e . Then t h e c o n t o u r s of c o n c e a l e d t a r g e t s w i l l a p p e a r . S i n c e t h e r a d a r u s e s f u n c t i o n i s a
LOG a m p l i f i e r , t h e FTC v e r y e f f e c t i v e . But it t e n d s t o weaken t h e i n t e n s i t i e s of e c h o e s from s h o r t - r a n g e t a r g e t s . Adjust
STC and g a i n f o r t h e b e s t p i c t u r e .
Always t u r n t h e c o n t r o l knob a t t h e
FTC mode f u l l y c o u n t e r c l o c k w i s e t o l e v e l 0 when t h e r e i s no r a i n
or
snow.
I n t h i s s t a t e t h e FTC f u n c t i o n i s i n e f f e c t i v e .
2 . 5 M e a s u r i n g T a r g e t B e a r i n g s ( E B L )
Press t h e
EBL key t o s e l e c t t h e e l e c t r o n i c c u r s o r and t h e i n d i c a t i o n below w i l l be d i s p l a y e d on t h e bottom of t h e s c r e e n . Turn t h e c o n t r o l knob t o move t h e EBL t o c o i n c i d e w i t h t h e t a r g e t t o measure t h e b e a r i n g from your s h i p ' s heading. P r e s s t h e EBL key once a g a i n t o e r a s e t h e
EBL.
(To e r a s e t h e
EBL, t h e EBL f u n c t i o n must be s e l e c t e d a t t h e moment.
)
EBL
0.0'
2 . 6
M e a s u r i n g T a r g e t R a n g e s
2 . 6 . 1 Rough Range E s t i m a t i o n (Range Rings)
P r e s s t h e r a n g e r i n g key. F i x e d range marker r i n g s w i l l be d i s p l a y e d as shown below. The i n t e r v a l of range marker r i n g s depends on t h e range a s t a b u l a t e d below:
1.5
0 . 2 5
P r e s s t h e r a n g e r i n g key o n c e m a r k e r r i n g s . more t o erase t h e r a n g e
2 . 6 . 2 T o Measure A c c u r a t e
Ranges
(VRM)
P r e s s t h e VRM key t o s e l e c t t h e v a r i a b l e r a n g e m a r k e r r i n g a n d t h e i n d i c a t i o n below w i l l b e d i s p l a y e d o n t h e b o t t o m of t h e s c r e e n .
VRM
Turn t h e c o n t r o l knob t o move t h e t o c o i n c i d e w i t h the t a r g e t t o measure t h e a c c u r a t e range f r o m y o u r s h i p . P r e s s t h e VRM k e y o n c e a g a i n t o e r a s e t h e VRM. (To erase t h e VRM, t h e VRM f u n c t i o n must be selected a t t h e moment.)
VRM
O.ONM
2 . 7
S t r e t c h i n g Echoes from Target for
Easy Target
O b s e r v a t i o n
Press t h e ST k e y . The s t r e t c h i n g f u n c t i o n i s s e t a n d t h e i n d i c a t i o n "ST" i s d i s p l a y e d on t h e u p p e r - r i g h t p o s i t i o n of t h e s c r e e n .
T h i s s t r e t c h i n g f u n c t i o n i s m a i n l y u s e d when e c h o e s f r o m medium or l o n g r a n g e t a r g e t s a r e t o o s m a l l f o r o b s e r v a t i o n . P r e s s t h e ST key o n c e more t o r e l e a s e t h e f u n c t i o n .
2 . 8
P l o t t i n g Echo Track from Moving Targets
P r e s s t h e
TRACK key t o p l o t echoes ( p i c t u r e ) a n d t h e i n d i c a t i o n below w i l l b e d i s p l a y e d on t h e t o p - r i g h t of t h e s c r e e n .
TRACK
ISSEC
The t r a c k of t a r g e t p i c t u r e i s d i s p l a y e d o n t h e s c r e e n . The t r a c k i n g t i m e c a n b e s e l e c t e d from
:
1 5 s e c . ,
30 s e c . ,
1 m i n . , 3 m i n . , 6 m i n . , a n d c o n t i n u o u s .
To e r a s e t h e t r a c k o f t a r g e t p i c t u r e , p r e s s t h e
TRACK key more t h a n 3 s e c o n d s .
2.9
S e t t i n g Guard Zone around Your Ship
T h e g u a r d zone f u n c t i o n i s u s e d t o warn a g a i n s t p o s s i b l e c o l l i s i o n w i t h o t h e r s h i p s , f o r s u r v e i l l a n c e , a n d warn a g a i n s t r u n n i n g a s h o r e .
( i ) Press t h e VRM key a n d t u r n t h e c o n t r o l knob t o s e t t h e r a n g e of g u a r d z o n e .
P r e s s t h e
EBL key a n d t u r n t h e c o n t r o l knob t o s e t t h e
EBL d i r e c t i o n o f t h e g u a r d z o n e .
L
- 8
P r e s s t h e
GZ key.
T h e g u a r d zone i s s e t a n d d i s p l a y e d as a n area bounded by s o l i d l i n e s .
T h e a n g l e of t h e g u a r d zone i s s e t i n 5.625 d e g r e e i n c r e m e n t s . To change t h e g u a r d zone area, press t h e GZ key. The area w i l l change as
45,
90, 180, a n d 360 degree, and move t o t h e c u r r e n t
I f
VRM
and EBL p o s i t i o n . a t a r g e t t r e s p a s s e s i n t o t h e g u a r d zone, an a u d i b l e a l a r m sounds ( p i - p i ) . The alarm sounds u n t i l t h e
GZ k e y
is
p r e s s e d . If a new t a r g e t t r e s p a s s e s i n t o t h e g u a r d zone, t h e alarm sounds a g a i n .
To e r a s e t h e g u a r d zone, p r e s s t h e GZ key more t h a n
3
seconds.
Notes: 1
-
i s m a i n t a i n e d even i f t h e range key i s used t o change t h e d i s t a n c e .
2
If t h e powerful e x t e r n a l b u z z e r alarm is r e q u i r e d , i n s t a l l a n
(see
5.8).
2 . 1 0 O f f - C e n t e r i n g
T h i s f u n c t i o n i s u s e d when t h e p i c t u r e i n an end of t h e s c r e e n m u s t be o b s e r v e d more c l e a r l y
or
w i d e l y .
P r e s s t h e OFF-C k e y .
T h e p i c t u r e c e n t e r w i l l move t o t h e 60% backward of t h e s c r e e n . Press t h e OFF-C key once more.
It w i l l move t o t h e
60% f o r w a r d o f t h e screen. And t h e n , a n o t h e r p r e s s moves t h e p i c t u r e c e n t e r t o t h e c e n t e r of t h e screen.
2 . 1 1
R e j e c t i n g I n t e r f e r e n c e f r o m
O t h e r
Radars
T h i s f u n c t i o n , i s n o t s e t t o a key a s s t a n d a r d . To u s e t h i s f u n c t i o n , r e f e r t o "2.16 3 S e t u p Modes, S e l e c t e b l e
Key".
2 . 1 1 . 1
What i s Radar I n t e r f e r e n c e ?
Radar i n t e r f e r e n c e may o c c u r when a n o t h e r r a d a r on t h e same frequency band i s o p e r a t i n g n e a r your s h i p . The form o f t h e i n t e r f e r e n c e p a t t e r n i s n o t c o n s t a n t ; it may be b r o k e n - l i n e a r c or a broken l i n e . S i n c e i n t e r f e r e n c e echoes vary w i t h e v e r y s c a n p e r i o d , it i s easy t o d i s t i n g u i s h i n t e r f e r e n c e p a t t e r n s from normal e c h o e s .
2.11.2
R e j e c t i n g Radar I n t e r f e r e n c e
( I R )
The s t a n d a r d . i n t e r f e r e n c e r e j e c t f u n c t i o n i s equipped a s
2.12
E r a s i n g B e a d i n g
M a r k e r
T h i s f u n c t i o n i s n o t s e t t o a key a s s t a n d a r d . To use t h i s f u n c t i o n , r e f e r t o " 2 . 1 4 S e t u p Modes, S e l e c t a b l e
Key".
When a t a r g e t i s masked by t h e heading marker l i n e , u s e t h i s f u n c t i o n t o e r a s e t h e h e a d i n g marker.
2.13
S e l e c t i n g D i s p l a y Mode t h i s
T h i s f u n c t i o n i s n o t s e t t o a key a s s t a n d a r d . To u s e f u n c t i o n , r e f e r t o "2.14 S e t u p Modes, S e l e c t a b l e
Key".
When Gyro compass i s connected t o t h e r a d a r , t h e d i s p l a y mode can be changed t o ;
2 8
t h i s mode, t h e p i c t u r e d i r e c t i o n i s t h a t t h e s h i p ' s h e a d i n g i s d i r e c t e d . s e t t o t h e d i r e c t i o n
North Up
I n t h i s mode, a l l t h e t a r g e t s a r e d i s p l a y e d so t h a t t r u e n o r t h ( b e a r i n g
=
0 d e g r e e ) comes a t
0 d e g r e e o f t h e s c r e e n a t a l l t i m e s i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h a g y r o . T h e r e f o r e , t h e p i c t u r e looks l i k e a c h a r t and f i x e d t a r g e t s r e m a i n s t a t i o n a r y d e s p i t e t h e yawing of y o u r s h i p .
When
Gyro compass mode can b e changed t o ; i s c o n n e c t e d t o t h e r a d a r , t h e d i s p l a y
( i ) Head
U p
The s h i p ' s h e a d i n g d i r e c t i o n i s d i s p l a y e d on t h e
0 d e g r e e of t h e s c r e e n .
( i i )
S e t
The s h i p ' s h e a d i n g d i r e c t i o n i s d i s p l a y e d on t h e
EBL d i r e c t i o n of t h e s c r e e n .
2 . 1 4
The s e c o n d EBL and VRM
The s e c o n d
EBL and
VRM a r e a v a i l a b l e when t h e s e l e c t a b l e - f u n c t i o n k e y s a r e s e t t o t h e s e f u n c t i o n s a t
SETUP menu. The n u m e r i c a l d a t a of t h e s e f u n c t i o n s a r e d i s p l a y e d on t h e same p o s i t i o n a s n a v i g a t i o n d a t a . I n t h i s case, n a v i g a t i o n d a t a s u c h a s
L a t i t u d e / L o n g i t u d e a n d / o r
XTE(Cross T r a c k E r r o r ) i s n o t d i s p l a y e d on t h e r a d a r s c r e e n .
2 . 1 5 The f l o a t i n g f u n c t i o n
of t h e second
EBL and VRM
The f l o a t i n g f u n c t i o n of t h e s e c o n d
EBL a n d
VRM i s u s a b l e when t h i s f u n c t i o n i s s e t t o a key a t SETUP mode.
When t h e f i r s t
EBL a n d VRM a r e d i s p l a y e d , t h e o r i g i n o f t h e s e c o n d
EBL a n d
VRM c a n b e moved t o t h e c r o s s p o i n t o f t h e f i r s t
BEL a n d
VRM by u s i n g t h e f l o a t i n g k e y . Only t h e u n d e r l i n e d f u n c t i o n ( t h e s e c o n d
EBL or VRM)
T h i s o r i g i n i s f i x e d o n t o t h e s c r e e n , a n d i s movable. not f o l l o w e d t h e o f f - c e n t e r o r t h e r a n g e up/down c o n t r o l .
2.16
Setup Modes
The s e t u p modes a r e n o t u s e d t o o p e r a t e t h e r a d a r i n t h e m s e l v e s ; t h e y a r e p r i m a r y i n t e n d e d t o c h e c k e a c h f u n c t i o n a n d s e t u p t h e i n i t i a l c o n d i t i o n .
2 . 1 6 . 1 E n t e r i n g S e t u p Mode
P r e s s t h e b r i l l i a n c e c o n t r o l k e y more t h a n 3 s e c o n d s .
Then
MENU i s d i s p l a y e d a s b e l o w .
MENU
SYSTEM CHECK
(2)
DISPLAY PRESET
(3)
KEY
ASSIGNMENT
(4) AUTO TUNE
CALIBRATION
(5)
TIMING ADJUSTMENT
(6) HEAD DIRECTION ADJUSTMENT
P r e s s t h e r a n g e up/down key a s many t i m e s as r e q u i r e d t o u n d e r l i n e any d e s i r e d s e t u p mode number.
Then, p r e s s t h e b r i g h t n e s s c o n t r o l k e y . The s e l e c t e d s e t u p mode i s s e t .
2 - 1 0
2 . 1 6 . 2 R e t u r n t o t h e Radar Mode
P r e s s t h e o p e r a t e k e y . The r a d a r p i c t u r e emerges.
2 . 1 6 . 3 D e s c r i p t i o n of Each S e t u p Mode
(1)
SYSTEM
CHECK
T h i s mode i s f o r c h e c k i n g w h e t h e r v o l t a g e a n d s i g n a l s a t v a r i o u s s e c t i o n s a r e a p p r o p r i a t e . I f t h e y a r e n o r m a l ,
"OK" i s d i s p l a y e d a s shown b e l o w . O t h e r w i s e ,
" NG" i s d i s p l a y e d .
MEMORY CHECK
ROM 629205 OK
RAM
NVRAM
OK
OK
SIGNAL CHECK
(1) TRIGGER
(2) SHF
(3) AZIMUTH
(4) VIDEO
(5)
+5v
(6)
+12v
(7)
H.T.
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK 5.0V
OK 12.0V
OK
300 V
( 2 ) DISPLAY PRESET
T h i s mode i n i t i a l i z e s t h e s e t t i n g s o f t h e v a r i o u s f u n c t i o n s . S e l e c t a d e s i r e d i t e m w i t h t h e r a n g e up/down k e y s a n d a d j u s t w i t h t h e c o n t r o l knob. See F i g u r e b e l o w .
DISPLAY PRESET
A. VRM UNIT
B.
BUZZER VOLUME
C. PICTURE HOLD
D. SHF FLASH
E. PARALLEL CURSOR
F. NORTH MARK
G
STC CURVE (NORM
3)
-
KM SM
HIGH LOW
OFF
OFF ON
OFF
ON
OFF ON
OFF ON
3"
Note;
*
Changing f i g u r e s f o r s e t t i n g l e v e l a r e 0 t o 5, a n d t h e s m a l l e r f i g u r e shows t h e d e e p e r c u r v e o f S T C .
When many s e a - c l u t t e r r e m a i n s a t n e a r r a n g e e v e n t h o u g h a d j u s t i n g manual STC, a d j u s t t h e STC
CURVE t o s m a l l e r f i g u r e .
When many s e a - c l u t t e r r e m a i n s a t t h e f o r r a n g e , a d j u s t t h e
S T C C U R V E . t o l a r g e r f i g u r e .
( 3 )
KEY
ASSIGNMENT
The p a n e l k e y s on t h e l e f t - h a n d c a n b e c h a n g e d f o r t h e u s e r s t o s e l e c t d e s i r e d f u n c t i o n s .
E i g h t f u n c t i o n s among t h e f u n c t i o n s below c a n b e p r e s e t .
2 - 1 1
TRACK, OFF-C, ST, GZ, RINGS, GAIN,
STC,
FTC, HM(SHF
OFF), MODE, EBL2, VRM2, FLT(f1oating for EBL2 and
VRM2), IR(1nterference Rejection)
~
7
8
1TRAcK
2 OFFC
3 ST
4 G z
5
RINGS
6 STC
7
Frc a
GAI
N
9
Hvl
10 MODE
11 EBL2
12 VRM2
13 FLT
14 IR
Select the key position by the range up/down key, and set the function number to the key by the control knob.
Replace the KEY-CAP (in the accessory pack) with the new function's one.
( 4 )
AUTO TUNE CALIBRATION
Before enter the Setup mode, set the range scale to
12 NM.
This mode is used to adjust the auto-tuning system for the maximum visibility of the target echoes.
(i) Set the mode to "2 CALIBRATION" by the range up/down key, and turn the control knob to get maximum picture visibility. In this condition, the tuning system is in manual mode.
(ii) Then set the mode to
"1
AUTO", and auto tune system calibration will be carried out. The calibration will take several minutes.
(iii) When the calibration is finished, the "CALIBRATION
COMPLETED" is displayed on the screen. The auto-tunig calibration voltage is displayed at "CONTROL" area.
(5) TIMING ADJUSTMENT
This mode is used to adjust the timing for distance to target. the radar, and enter this setup mode to adjust the timing.
Then turn the control knob to decrease the diameter of the inner ring of the bright sunspot until the diameter becomes nil and coincides with the sunspot center.
( 6 )
HEAD DIRECTION ADJUSTMENT
This mode eliminates the angular difference between the heading direction of the scanner installed on the ship and that of the displayed picture. When the control knob is turned clockwise, the heading marker on the picture moves clockwise (the picture on the screen turns
L
12
counterclockwise); turning the control knob counter- clockwise makes the heading marker move counterclockwise(the picture on the screen turns clockwise). Each movement is in 0.1 degree steps.
2.11
N a v i g a t i o n D a t a Display
(1) Latitude/Longitude
When the Latitude/Longitude data from a navigational equipment are fed through the NMEA-O183(format:GLL), the
Latitude/Longitude data are displayed automatically on the lower part of the screen.
(2) Cross Track Error
When the Cross Track Error data from a navigational equipment are fed through the NMEA-O183(format:XTE), the
Cross Track Error data are displayed automatically on the lower part of the screen. The number of triangle marks depends on the error value. r
INDICATION
I o . 0 0 to 0.01
I
I
0.02 to 0.03
I
D-d
a
0.04 to 0.07
0.08 to 0 . 1 5
0.16
- - a marks shows steering direction
(3) Speed/Course
When the Ship's Speed/Course data from a navigational equipment are fed through the NMEA-O183(format:VTG), the
Ship's Speed/Course data are displayed automatically on the upper part of the screen. When a fluxgate-compass or a gyro-compass is connected to the radar, the compass heading is displayed instead of the "course" data of navigational equipment.
(4) Compass Heading
When the Ship's Heading data from a fluxgate compass are fed through the NMEA-O183(format:HDM), the Ship's
Heading data a r e displayed automatically on the upper part of the screen.
(5) Latitude/Longitude of any point on the screen
When the Latitude/Longitude and Ship's heading(or course) are displayed on the screen, the
Latitude/Longitude of any point on the screen can be displayed.
( 5 ) - L When the
W L and the
VFW are used at the same time, the indication LAT/LON will change to reverse character. During this indication, the Latitude/Longitude data show that at the cross point of the EBL and the VRM.
2 - 1 3
( 5 ) - 2 To s t o p t h i s i n d i c a t i o n , e r a s e t h e
EBL or
VRM.
Then t h e LAT/LON c h a r a c t e r w i l l r e t u r n t o n o r m a l , a n d t h e d a t a w i l l r e t u r n t o y o u r s h i p ' s p o s i t i o n .
( 6 )
Waypoint
S h i p ' s h e a d i n g o r c o u r s e i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m a n d w a y p o i n t d a t a from a n a v i g a t i o n a l e q u i p m e n t a compass a r e n e c e s s a r y t o d i s p l a y a w a y p o i n t . When t h e
NMEA-
0 1 8 3 ( f o r m a t :
BWR, BWC, BER, BEC, B P I ) i s f e d f r o m t h e n a v i g a t i o n a l e q u i p m e n t , w a y p o i n t marks a d o t t e d l i n e and a a r e d i s p l a y e d w i t h c i r c l e .
When a l o r a n i s u s e d a s t h e n a v i g a t i o n a l e q u i p m e n t , t h e d o t t e d l i n e i s n o t d i s p l a y e d on t h e s c r e e n .
2 . 1 8
C a u t i o n
POWER
FAIL
I f "RADAR
OFF
POWER FAIL" i s d i s p l a y e d o n t h e s c r e e n ( s e e f i g u r e b e l o w . ) , i t i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e power s u p p l y v o l t a g e h a s d r o p p e d a moment. Check t h e r a d a r power l i n e s o r b a t t e r i e s .
RADAR OFF
POWER FAIL
2 - 1 4
3.2 Echo Strength and Incident Angle of
Target
The strength
of
an echo pulse, arriving at the radar receiver from
a
target,
is
dependent not only upon the distance to the target, its height above sea level and size, but also upon the target configuration and material.
Accordingly, an echo signal reflected from a high, large target is not always strong; a strong echo may return from a
low
target,
if
its surface is comparatively vertical (and smooth) with respect to
the
transmitted radiowaves.
A s
the angle of incidence
of
radiowaves, with respect to the surface.of a.target, decreases beyond a certain angle, the intensity of the echo signal decreases greatly. Intensities of echo signals reflected from gradually sloped surfaces such as sandy beaches or cone-shaped lighthouses are very faint. Echoes from locations considerably removed from a coastline may, at times, be displayed on the screen as if they are a coastline (Fig.
3 - 3 ) .
You must train yourself not to mistake such echoes for coastline.
Echoes appear on screen
A c t u a l
Coastline
(invisible) -
-
Targets Visible on Screen
' , * . ,
,
-
/,,I I I , I I I ,I \ \ \ \
Visible on
Screen
-
2 - L
Fig.
3 - 3 .
Echo Strength and Incident Angle of Target
3 . 3
Shadow Zones
Radar radiowaves travel in a straight line in much the same manner as light. A local, partial or total shadow zone may be produced b: a funnel, mast, or a derrick post near the antenna or a high target or mountain at a short distance. In extreme cases, shadows may be produced at long ranges and no tar,-t echoes are displayed on the screen in their presence.
Local shadow zones, produced by funnels, masts, etc can easil: 3e discovere? when the antenna is installed.
These zones can be reduced by changing the location of the antenna installation.
3 3
3 . 4
False Echoes
Echoes from targets which do not actually exist in that direction may appear on the
CRT.
They are referred to as "false" or
"indirect" echoes. The causes and phenomena of such false echoes are listed below.
Virtual or Ghost Echoes
A
large target at close range may, at times, appear on the screen as two echoes in two separate directions. One is a real echo and the other is a virtual, or ghost, echo caused by secondary reflection of emitted pulses by funnels, masts, etc. The former appears at the correct range and bearing, while the ghost mast (Fig.
3 - 4 ) .
Direct Reflection
P a t h
CRT
screen
Heading Marker
Reflection Path
i
Direction of
Ghost Echo
Fig.
3 - 4
Virtual or Ghost Echoes
When a target is on the funnel or mast side, a series of ghost echoes may appear in the vicinity of a real echo. The principle of this phenomenon is the same as mentioned previously. When the intensities of reflected waves change, a number of ghosts can be detected (Fig. 3-5). But, they are arranged asymmetrically with respect to a real echo and vanish when the ship's heading changes.
3 4
Reflection
CKP
screen
, \ \ \ \ \ I 1
I
I / / ,
-
<
,
,
e n .
/ / / / I l l 1
I l l \ \ \
..-
~
-
.-el,
Etc:
Antenna
Mast,
'
Secindary
Real Echo
Ghost
Echo:
Fig.
3-5
Virtual
or
Ghost Echoes
Muitiple Echoes
When there are vertical reflective surfaces at short range, for instance, when your ship passes a larger ship, the pulsed waves emitted from your radar will bounce back and forth between the two ships (Fig. 3-6).
As
a result, a few equi-distant echoes may appear in the same bearing on the screen. These echoes are called multiple echoes. ihey disappear as your shi;: moves away or changes bearing from the reflecting target.
t
Fig. 3-6 Multiple Echoes
Side-lobe Echoes
.
The beam radiated from a radar antenna is composed of a main beam and side-lobe beams. Since the energy levels of side lobes are usually low, false echoes from the side lobes can be produced by highly reflective targets at short range (Fig.
3-71.
Side lobe echoes usually appear as a series of echoes forming
a
broken arc. These false echoes are eliminated by slightly
'increasing
the STC
effect.
(Note: This echo is similar to virtual or ghost echoes.
1
Elain
Beam
7
Fig. 3-7 Arc of False Echoes caused by Side Lobe Beams
Echoes Produced by Targets at Lonq Ranges Due to the
Duct Phenomenon
Depending on the atmospheric conditions, a radio- wave duct may form above the sea surface. In such cases, radiowaves can be trapped in the duct, travelling in an unusual way over unexpectedly long distances. Targets beyond maximum detectable range may appear as echoes on the screen as if they are nearer than their true ranges.
This phenomenon is attributable to the fact that an echo signal from a long distance target is delayed beyond the repetition period
s o
as to be displayed as an echo in the succeeding period. However, if the range is changed by pressing the RANGE key, the echo can be immediately judged false.
3 - 6
4.
MAINTENANCE
4.1 Preventive maintenance
E x t e n s i v e u s e of i n t e g r a t e d c i r c u i t r y and s o l i d - s t a t e t e c h n o l o g y t h r o u g h o u t t h e equipment e n s u r e o f r e l i a b i l i t y over
a
l o n g , trouble- free
a
h i g h d e g r e e service l i f e . .
There
is
l i t t l e p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t problem w i l l occur w i t h i n a f e w y e a r s of i n s t a l l a t i o n , p r o v i d e d p r e v e n t i v e maintenance i s p r o p e r l y c a r r i e d o u t .
P r e v e n t i v e m a i n t e n a n c e f o r t h e
RA771UA
r a d a r m u s t be performed r e g u l a r l y t o e n s u r e s a t i s f a c t o r y o p e r a t i o n and performance, r e d u c e t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of mechanical m a l f u n c t i o n s , and t o e l e c t r i c a l p r o l o n g s e r v i c e and l i f e . are
The m a i n t e n a n c e t o b e p e r f o r m e d l i s t e d o n t h e f o l l o w i n g p a g e s . a t r e g u l a r i n t e r v a l s
W A R N I N G : N e v e r
i n s p e c t t h e equipment when t h e
POWER SWITCH
on t h e d i s p l a y u n i t i s t u r n e d
ON
(The power s w i t c h on t h e s w i t c h b o a r d must b e t u r n e d OFF.
For
more s a f t y maintenance, t a k e o f f u s e s on t h e d i s p l a y u n i t . ) .
A f t e r t h e
POWER
SWITCH
i s t u r n e d
OFF, h i g h s t a t i c v o l t a g e may be r e t a i n e d i n t h e
CRT h i g h - v o l t a g e c i r c u i t a n d c a p a c i t o r s a r e a p o t e n t i a l h a z a r d t o p e r s o n n e l . D i s c h a r g e h i g h s t a t i c v o l t a g e s t o ground by u s i n g a n i n s u l a t e d c o n d u c t o r b e f o r e m a i n t e n a n c e .
L
> o c a t i o n
Antenna radiation surface (radome surface)
Scanner Unit mounting
Inside of Scanner
Unit
Display surface
Maintenance
Period
Once every 3 to
6 months
P r o c e d u r e
Check r a d i a t i o n s u r f a c e ( r a d o m e ) f o r c l o g g i n g or accumulation of s o o t , s a l t , o i l , or p a i n t .
I f found, r i n s e t h e s u r f a c e w i t h p u r e water and wipe o f f m o i s t u r e with a s o f t , c l e a n c l o t h . (Never u s e s o l v e n t s such a s g a s o l i n e , b e n z i n e , t r i c h l o r o e t h y l e n e ,
or
" t h i n n e r " .
Check f o r l o o s e b o l t - n u t s and c o r r o d e d p o r t i o n s o f s c a n n e r u n i t mount and b a s e p l a t e .
Check f o r l o o s e c o n t a c t on e a c h c o n n e c t o r of p r i n t e d c i r c u i t board, and f o r i m p e r f e c t mounting of any component.
If l o o s e , r e - t i g h t e n w i t h
2
wrench.
Also
check for improper s e a t i n g of t h e g a s k e t f o r t h e c o v e r , c o r r o d e d p o r t i o n s i n t h e i n t e r i o r s u r f a c e s or on c a s e s u r f a c e .
Clean t h e d i s p l a y s u r f a c e w i t h a s o f t , pure water moistened c l o t h .
4 -
1
Locat i o n
Antenna d r i v i n g p i n i o n - g e a r mechanism
C l e a n i n g
CRT
HV p a r t s
C l e a n i n g p r i n t e d c i r c u i t b o a r d s
C o n n e c t o r s
Screw w i t h i n d i s p l a y u n i t l a i n t e n a n c e
' e r i o d
)rice e v e r y 6
.o
1 2 months
P r o c e d u r e
4pply s e l e c t e d q u a l i t y qrease o n a l l s u r f a c e s o f m t e n n a d r i v i n g
3RT,
gear u s i n g
3
s u i t a b l e s p a t u l a .
:lean t h e a n o d e cap o f t h e i t s v i c i n i t y , a n d
HV l e a d s w i t h a d r y c l o t h .
Note t h a t
HV of a b o u t 1 0 kV i s a p p l i e d t o t h e
C R T .
NEVER i n s p e c t u n t i l you a r e
SURE t h e r a d a r power s o u r c e i s t u r n e d OFF. High s t a t i c v o l t a g e may be r e t a i n e d i n t h e CRT h i g h - v o l t a g e c i r c u i t and t h e C R T .
D i s c h a r g e h i g h s t a t i c v o l t a g e s t o g r o u n d by u s i n g an i n s u l a t e d c o n d u c t o r b e f o r e m a i n t e n a n c e .
I f s o o t , d i r t , a n d d u s t a c c u m u l a t e on d e n s e l y - mounted components, u n e x p e c t e d t r o u b l e may r e s u l t . C l e a n u s i n g a vacuum c l e a n e r w i t h a s o f t b r u s h .
Check a l l c o n n e c t o r s f o r p o o r c o n t a c t .
I f p r e s e n t , r e p a i r o r replace i t .
Check a l l f a b r i c a t i o n o r mounting screws i n s i d e d i s p l a y u n i t f o r l o o s e n e s s .
I f l o o s e , r e - t i g h t e n w i t h
i
s c r e w d r i v e r .
4.2
Checking Fuses and V o l t a g e s
Check f u s e s a n d v o l t a g e s on t h e power s u p p l y u n i t when any CHECK i t e m i n SETUP mode shows t h e r a d a r i s f a u l t y , o r c h e c k f u n c t i o n i t s e l f d o e s n o t w o r k . F u s e s blown up show t h a t some c a u s e s of m a l f u n c t i o n h a v e e x i s t e d i n t h e r a d a r s u c h a s s h o r t i n g c i r c u i t s . Table b e l o w l i s t s f u s e s a n d v o l t a g e s .
4-2
5 . 4
Proper Location for Installation of Radar
5 . 4 . 1
Scanner unit
The target detection capabilities of shipboard radars are governed by the location of the Scanner unit.
An ideal location would be a point as high as possible above the keel line, where there are no obstacles in all azimuthal directions which might interfere with the transmission of radar pulses and reception of returning echoes.
Although all ships are subject to various limitations, sufficient consideration must be given before selecting an optimal point.
1 .
The "radio ranging" distance-increases with the height of the scanner installation. Install the scanner
as
high as possible, after investigating the structural features of the ship and maintainability of the scanner unit.
2. If a part of the funnel or mast is in the same horizontal plane as the scanner unit, radar pulses will be intercepted and it causes to produce a
"blind" angle.
3 .
To avoid formation of a "blind" angle in the "bow" direction, install the scanner closer to the bow than any blinding obstacle.
4 .
If removal of obstacles on the bow side of the scanner is impracticable, because of the ship's structure, install the scanner more or less o f f the keel line or elevate the scanner
so
that a dip, or an angle of declination, can be taken between a horizontal line, and the line connecting the antenna and the top of the obstacle.
(1)
Method for displacing scanner off keel line.
Displacing the scanner in some distance to the starboard side, displaces the blind spot towards the port side on the scope, which gives a clear view in the bow direction. The displacement can be calculated by the following equations:
Ls =
0 . 4
R
+
D/2 (m)
...... o r
Ls
=
+
D/2
(m) where
. . . .
.
( R
(R
<
2
15
15 m) m)
Ls
= displacement from keel line (m),
D
= diameter of an obstacle on keel line
,
R
= distance between scanner and obstacle
( m )
.
5 - 4
D
Fig.
5-5
Displacing Scanner Location from Keel
( 2 )
Direction
Making dip angle
The location of the scanner unit must be sufficiently elevated so as to make a dip angle
(an angle formed by a horizontal line and a line connecting the antenna to the top of the obstacle) of more'than 5", as illustrated.
I
n
fig. 5-6 How to Create a Dip Angle
5. Select a location where the scanner is least affected by smoke or hot blast from the stack.
6.
Keep the scanner unit as far.as possible from the antenna of a direction finder or a VHF transceiver.
7 .
The scanner distance from the display unit should, preferably, be within the standard length
(10
m) of multi-conductor cable. It must never exceed
100 meters.
Note: See the examples on the next page before preparing the mount base for the scanner unit.
5.5
Installing Scanner Unit
T h e s c a n n e r u n i t mount b a s e must be r i g i d enough t o a v o i d any v i b r a t i o n from e n g i n e .
(1)
Unscrew f o u r b o l t s o f t h e r e a r s i d e c o v e r , and open t h e c o v e r .
( 2 ) Unconnect two p l u g s under t h e t r a n s c e i v e r u n i t , t h e n remove t h e t r a n s c e i v e r u n i t w i t h unscrew two b o l t s .
( 3 )
( 4 )
Remove t h e c a b l e f i x i n g p l a t e a n d r u b b e r .
Feed t h e i n t e r - c o n n e c t i o n c a b l e t h r o u g h t h e c a b l e i n l e t .
( 5 )
F i x t h e r u b b e r and t h e f i x i n g p l a t e w i t h c a b l e s h i e l d t e r m i n a l .
( 6 )
( 7 )
F i x t h e t r a n s c e i v e r u n i t .
Connect 10- pin c o n n e c t o r t o
J1
of
MOD PCB and 6- pin c o n n e c t o r t o J1 of
I F
P C B .
And connect two p l u g s under t h e t r a n s c e i v e r u n i t .
( 8 )
F i x t h e c o v e r . (Take c a r e not t o p i n c h t h e c a b l e s between t h e c o v e r and t h e s c a n n e r u n i t . )
F i x i n g p l a t e
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cable i n l e t
I n t e r - c o n n e c t i o n cab1 u n i t
5-6
5 . 6
I n s t a l l i n g D i s p l a y Unit
The d i s p l a y u n i t i s d e s i g n e d t o b e mounted on a d e s k .
Determine t h e b e s t l o c a t i o n by t a k i n g t h e n a v i g a t i o n a l and s h i p b o a r d o p e r a t i o n s mentioned below i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n .
(1)
When t h e o p e r a t o r raises h i s head from t h e r a d a r screen, he must be a b l e t o s e e t h e bow of t h e s h i p .
( 2 )
Water m u s t n o t s p l a s h on t h e . d i s p l a y u n i t when a nearby door
or
window i s open.
( 3 )
The l o c a t i o n s e v e r e v i b r a t i o n . m u s t be w e l l v e n t i l a t e d and f r e e from
( 4 )
There m u s t be s u f f i c i e n t s e r v i c e c l e a r a n c e a v a i l a b l e around t h e d i s p l a y u n i t .
( 5 )
The l o c a t i o n m u s t be t h e minimum s a f e d i s t a n c e from t h e magnetic compass t o minimize d i s t u r b a n c e of t h e compass.( 2 . 0 m f o r m a s t e r compass, 1 . 4 m f o r s t e e r i n g compass
)
5 . 6 . 1 Cable Connection
(1)
Connect t h e s c a n n e r c a b l e c o n n e c t o r t o t h e back p a n e l of t h e d i s p l a y u n i t .
( 2 )
Connect t h e power c o n n e c t o r t o t h e back p a n e l of t h e d i s p l a y u n i t
5 . 6 . 2 D i s p l a y and Scanner u n i t grounding
(1) Ground t h e d i s p l a y and Scanner u n i t t o p r e v e n t high- v o l t a g e a c c i d e n t s , and t o e l i m i n a t e unwanted
RF r a d i a t i o n .
5-7
7 c a b l e t o s h i p ' s frame
///////////
t o s h i p ' s frame
5 . 6 . 3 Adjustments
A f t e r completing i n s t a l l a t i o n and c o n n e c t i o n , t u r n on power, s t a r t t h e b a s i c o p e r a t i o n d e s c r i b e d check f o r i n p a r a g r a p h 2 , normal o p e r a t i o n and t h e n perform t h e f o l l o w i n g a d j u s t m e n t s o r c h e c k s .
BREAK I N PROCEDURE OF STORED MAGNETRON
F o l l o w i n g p r o c e d u r e i s recommended f o r " B r e a k In"
01: t h e s t o r e d magnetron. Otherwise t h e magnetron sometimes e x h i b i t s u n s t a b l e o p e r a t i o n such a s a r c i n g o r moding a t i t s i n i t i a l o p e r a t i o n a f t e r l o n g p e r i o d o f s t o r a g e and make t h e o p e r a t i o n more d i f f i c u l t .
1. Extend p r e h e a t t i m e t o 3 0 m i n u t e s ) . a s l o n g a s p o s s i b l e ( p r e f e r a b l y 20
2 . S e t t h e p u l s e l e n g t h t o t h e s h o r t e s t one and s t a r t t h e o p e r a t i o n . When t h e o p e r a t i o n i n t h e s h o r t e s t p u l s e i s s t a b l e t h e n go t o o p e r a t i o n i n l o n g e r p u l s e and r e p e a t t h e s i m i l a r s t e p u n t i l t h e o p e r a t i o n r e a c h e s t o t h e f i n a l p u l s e c o n d i t i o n .
I f t h e magnetron e x h i b i t s u n s t a b l e o p e r a t i o n , turn
, o f f t h e h i g h v o l t a g e immediately, p r e h e a t t h e magnetron f o r 5 t o
1 0 minutes and r e p e a t t h e s t e p a l l o v e r a g a i n from t h e b e g i n n i n g . T h i s w i l l i n s u r e t h e s t a r t of o p e r a t i o n s t o r e d magnetron more smoothly. of t h e
(1)
HEAD D I R E C T I O N
ADJUSTMENT
T h i s a d j u s t m e n t i s t o a d j u s t t h e r a d a r s c r e e n b e a r i n g t o t h e r e a l b e a r i n g i n t h e SETUP mode.
*
T a r g e t c a t c h i n g and measurement
F i n d a s m a l l t a r g e t i n t h e head d i r e c t i o n which i s c l e a r l y observed on t h e r a d a r w i t h i n a r a n g e o f 0 . 5 t o 1 . 0
N M .
Measure t h e t a r g e t b e a r i n g a g a i n s t t h e s h i p ' s head with a compass.
S e t t h e EBL t o t h e b e a r i n g measured from t h e t a r g e t .
*
Adjustment
E n t e r t h e menu by p r e s s i n g t h e b r i l l i a n c e key more t h a n 3 s e c o n d s .
5- 8
S e l e c t t h e
" ( 6 ) p r e s s i n g t h e
HEAD
D I R E C T I O N ADJUSTMENT" by range
UP/DOWN-key, a n d p r e s s t h e b r i l l i a n c e key t o e n t e r t h e u n d e r l i n e d menu.
T u r n t h e c o n t r o l knob t o s e t t h e t a r g e t on t h e
E B L .
*
R e t u r n t o t h e r a d a r s c r e e n
P r e s s t h e b r i l l i a n c e k e y p r e s s t h e OPERATE k e y t o r e t u r n t o t h e menu, o r t o r e t u r n t o t h e r a d a r s c r e e n .
( 2 ) T I M I N G ADJUSTMENT
T h i s a d j u s t m e n t i s t o a d j u s t t h e r a n g e on t h e r a d a r s c r e e n t o t h e a c t u a l r a n g e .
S e t t h e d e t e c t i o n r a n g e t o
0 . 1 2 5 o r 0 . 2 5
NM a n d o p e r a t e t h e radar, a n d e n t e r t h i s s e t u p mode t o a d j u s t t h e t i m i n g . Then t u r n t h e c o n t r o l knob t o d e c r e a s e t h e d i a m e t e r of t h e i n n e r r i n g of t h e b r i g h t s u n s p o t u n t i l i t s d i a m e t e r becomes n i l a n d c o i n c i d e s w i t h t h e s u n s p o t c e n t e r .
P r e s s t h e b r i l l i a n c e key t o r e t u r n t o t h e menu, press t h e OPERATE k e y t o r e t u r n t o t h e r a d a r s c r e e n . o r
( 3 )
AUTO TUNE CALIBRATION
T h i s a d j u s t m e n t i s t o a d j u s t t h e a u t o - t u n i n g s y s t e m t o t h e maximum v i s i b i l i t y o f t h e t a r g e t e c h o e s .
A t more t h a n 6 NM r a n g e , f i n d s e v e r a l weak b u t s t e a d y e c h o e s .
E n t e r t h e menu by p r e s s i n g t h e b r i l l i a n c e k e y more t h a n 3 s e c o n d s .
S e l e c t t h e " ( 4 ) AUTO TUNE CALIBRATION" b y p r e s s i n g t h e r a n g e UP/DOWN-key, a n d p r e s s t h e b r i l l i a n c e key t o e n t e r t o t h e u n d e r l i n e d menu.
(i) S e l e c t t h e mode of "2
C A L I B R A T I O N " b y t h e r a n g e
UP/DOWN key, a n d t u r n t h e c o n t r o l knob t o g e t t h e maximum p i c t u r e v i s i b i l i t y . I n t h i s c o n d i t i o n , t h e t u n i n g s y s t e m i s i n manual mode. s e l e c t t h e mode of "1 AUTO" t o c a r r y o u t a u t o t u n e s y s t e m c a l i b r a t i o n . The c a l i b r a t i o n w i l l t a k e s e v e r a l m i n u t e s .
(iii) i s f i n i s h e d , t h e " CALIBRATION
COMPLETED" i s d i s p l a y e d o n t h e s c r e e n . The a u t o - t u n i n g c a l i b r a t i o n v o l t a g e i s d i s p l a y e d a t
"CONTROL" a r e a .
P r e s s t h e b r i l l i a n c e key t o r e t u r n t o t h e menu, o r p r e s s t h e OPERATE k e y t o r e t u r n t o t h e r a d a r s c r e e n .
5-9
5.7 Laying Cables
The following should be considered when laying cable.
1.
Avoid to use staple or strap to assemble multi-conductor cable and power cable. Keep such cables at least 50 cm from cables connected to other radio equipment.
2 .
3 .
Cable runs between the Scanner and the Display Unit must be as short as practicable.
It is recommended that extra cable is left With
60cm
loop near the Display Unit for the convenience of installation and maintenance.
4 .
Exposed cable must close-ly
follow
surfaces of the ship's structural members
or
bulkheads'and be secured at about
4 0
cm intervals by approved saddles as illustrated
in
Fig.
5-17 (a) and (b).
Welded
Hanger
/Cable
Band Hoop
Buckle
( a )
Interior
Wall
(b)
~ o o m
Fig.
5-17
Fastening Cable to
Bulkhead or Structural Member
5.
When a cable runs through a watertight deck or bulkhead, rigid conduit or pipe of suitable length must be used together with putty to fill the clearance.
Inside
Fig.
5 - 1 8 . -
Watertight
Cable Glang
Passing Cable through Watertight Deck or
Wall
5 1 0
6. SPECIFICATIONS
6.1 Principal Specification
6.1.1
Overall Characteristics
0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75,
1.5, 3,
6,
12,
24,
48
NM
Range discrimination:
Better than 20 meters
Minimum detection range:
Better than 20 meters
Bearing accuracy:
Within
+/-
1 degree
Bearing discrimination:
Better than 3.0 degree
( 3
ft antenna)
Better than 2.5 degree (4 ft antenna)
Range accuracy:
Within +/-0.8% of setting range, or +/-8 meters, whichever greater
Environmental conditions:
Temperature of -25% to +55% for scanner unit and -15% to 155% for display unit
Relative humidity below 95% at 35%
Wind speed
100kT(51.4m/s) (With 10m standard cable)
Power Supply:
Internal power voltages:
10.2 to 41.6 Vdc
Power consumption: Less than 80 W
100/110/220 Vac +/-lo%, 50/60 Hz, single phase
Power consumption: Less than 130 VA
6.1.2 Scanner Unit
Antenna Type
End-fed slotted array
Number of revolutions: approximately 24 rpm
Polarization
Horizontal
Antenna directivity
Horizontal Beam Width 2.5 degree (3 ft)
Horizontal Beam Width
1.8
degree (4 ft)
Vertical Beam Width 22 degree (3/4 ft)
Wave type and frequency:
PON, 9410
MHz+/-30
MHz
Peak
P o w e r Output
Within 4 kW
+/-SO%
PuIse width and pulse repetition frequency
0.08 ps; 1800 Hz
0.25
ps;
1200 Hz
0.8
ps
;
600 Hz
Duplexer (TR switch)
Circulator
Reception system:
Superheterodyne with low noise front-end modulc
6-1
(10)
IF Frequency:
60
MHz
(LOG IF AMP.
)
(11)
IF Bandwidth:
15 MHz (for
0 . 0 8 / 0 . 2 5
ps transmitting pulse width)
5
MHz
(for 0 . 8
ps transmitting pulse width)
(12) Local oscillation frequency:
Transmitting frequency
+
60 MHz
(13) Receiver Tuning:
Indicated by bar-graph marks on CRT by microcomputer control
(14) Inter-connection Cable:
9CD-3366
(10 m)
Range
Ring
6.1.3 Display Unit
(1)
Display system:
PPI
presentation on raster-scan base
( 2 )
( 3 )
CRT: 10-inch rectangular monochrome CRT
Range scale and range rings:
0 . 1 2 5 0 . 2 5 0.5
0 . 7 5
1 . 5
3 6
1 2 24 48
0.0625 0.125
0 . 2 5
0.25 0.25 0 . 5 1
2
4
8
Number of 2
Rinss
2 2 3 6 6 6 6 6 6
(4)
Numerical Display: Four digits
Within +/-1.5% of setting range, or +/-SO meters,
Unit : whichever greater
NM
/
KM
/
SM (selectable) vRM2 is selectable at SET UP mode.
0.2 degree steps
EBL2 is selectable at SET UP mode.
Display Modes:
Heading Up: HU
Following display modes are selectable at SET
UP
mode.
Head Set: HS
North Up:
Course Up:
(The
NU
( * ) cu
( * )
*
mark modes are available only when compass is connected.)
Display brightness of echoes: Four levels
Off-centering:
60% forward or 60% backward of the setting range
Guard Zone:
Setting range: 0.5 NM or more
Setting bearing: Approx.6 degree steps
Setting area:
Zone width:
Selectable from four patterns
0.4 NM (fixed)
(10)
Interference Rejector (IR) Built-in
6.1.4 Interface Signals
(1)
Output radar signals for Radar Monitor.
(a)
Video signal: Negative polarity
Raw signal from LOG IF amplifier
Max.3 Vp-p, Zo= 50 ohm
(b) Radar trigger: Positive polarity
10
Vp-p, 1.2
Fs pulse width
Zo=
50 ohm
(c) Bearing Signal:
TTL level pulse
1080 (200, 360, or 2048) pulses/revolution
30 to 70% duty
(d)
SHF signal: TTL level pulse use Negative edge
Compass Interface: ( 2 )
(a)
( + / -
1 Vdc)
(b)
(option)
(3) External buzzer for Guard Zone:
ON/OFF controlled ship‘s power supply for external buzzer
( 4 )
NMEA-0183
GLL, XTE, VTG, HDM, BWC..
. formats
6.1.5 Allowable Safe Distance from Magnetic Compass
For master compass:
Display Unit
Scanner Unit
--
2.0 m
--
2.0 m
For steering compass:
Display Unit
--
1.4 m
Scanner Unit
--
1.4 m
6.1.6
Dimensions
(I”
Antenna 1034 x 180 x 104 (3 ft)
1346 x 180 x 104
( 4 ft)
Scanner Unit 280 x 330 x 355
Display Unit 304 x 255 x 250
6.1.7
Weight
Antenna
Scanner Unit
Display Unit
6.2
S t a n d a r d
Equipment
(kg)
5
6
16
6.5
(3 ft)
(4 ft)
The
RA771UA
is composed of the units, accessories, and spare parts listed in the following table.
Table
6-1
Component List
3.3
3.4 connection
Supply
Cable
Pedestal
Hood
1
1
I
3.5
I
I
I
Manuals
I
I
Key-Cap
I
Spare Parts
Fuse
I
I
I I
1 1
set
I
for lmounting scanner
1
I
3.6
3.7
4
4.1
1
I
16
I
1 set
I
15A x 2
7A
5A x l x 2
T3.15A x
1
2A x l
I
4.2
6.3
O p t i o n
Carbon
I
brushes
I
2
(1)
AC Power Supply RP113A Input Voltage 100/110/220 Vac
(2) AC Power S u p p l y 69-1E-A Input Voltage 100-125
/200-250 Vac
(3) NMEA Cable 24J138091 with connector ( 5 m)
6.4
DIP
Switch Selection
MAIN PCB
---
s1
1 2 3 4
ON
OFF
I
200/R 360/R 2048/R 1 0 8 0 / R
4 ON ON OFF OFF
3
ON OFF
ON
OFF
-
RADAR
TYPE 2 ON RA771UA
OFF RA770UA
RADAR / MONITOR MODE
ON MONITOR
OFF RADAR
6-4

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Key features
- High resolution display
- Automatic sea clutter suppression
- Automatic gain control
- Automatic tuning
- Off-centering feature
- Electronic cursors (EBLs and VRMs)
- Guard zone function
- Echo track plotting
- Radar interference rejection
- Navigation data display