Denver Instrument Company
Microwave Moisture Analyzer
Operating Instructions
901811.1 Rev. C.
You have purchased a quality precision instrument that requires handling
with care.
Read entire contents of this Operation Manual prior to operating your
new Denver Instrument moisture analyzer.
Class A Digital Devices:
Notice: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the
limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules.
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. The equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Operation of this device in a residential area is likely to cause harmful
interference in which the user will be required to correct the interference
at his own expense.
Caution: Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the user’s authority to operate this equipment.
Manufactured in the U.S.A. by:
Denver Instrument Company
6542 Fig Street • Arvada, Colorado 80004 U.S.A.
1-800-321-1135 • (303) 431-7255 • Fax (303) 423-4831
This manual covers Software Version 3.73 and greater.
Table Of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Warnings and Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Equipment Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Selecting Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Unpacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Installing Sample Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Connecting to a Power Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Display Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Keypad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Technical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Main Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Select Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Select Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Data Log Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Setup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Develop/Modify Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Modifying Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Calibrate Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Results Printout Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Time Date Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Audio/Video Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Serial Port Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Security Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Service Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Appendix A Recommended Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Appendix B Printer Paper Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Appendix C Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Appendix D Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Appendix E Serial Communication Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Appendix F Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Appendix G Factory Default Drying Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Warranty Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Inside Back Cover
i
Cautions and Warnings
!
Warning! - Prior to attempting to operate, read all accompanying
documents.
Risk of Shock! - Due to the electrical nature of this instrument, do
not attempt to disassemble unit. Contact Denver Instrument
Company Technical Support with any problems that arise.
High Temperature Parts - During operation use caution around
exhaust areas of the instrument.
Introduction
Thank you for choosing the Denver Instrument Company M2 Moisture Analyzer.
The M2 is a rapid moisture determination system using the principle of loss-ondrying with microwave energy heating. Samples, generally greater than 10%
moisture, are radiated with microwave energy in the patented cylindrical
induction applicator while monitoring the microwave absorption and the use of
an integral precision electronic balance. When endpoint conditions are met
the final weight is compared to the initial sample weight to calculate percent
moisture or solids. The M2 is uniquely designed to combine the performance
and sophistication of modern laboratory instrumentation, however in a rugged
and simplistic analyzer intended for plant floor usage.
The M2 is not designed with the intention of being a general-purpose moisture
analyzer. However, it specializes in high moisture (generally greater than 10%)
samples. Caution must be given to the sample type, composition, and level of
moisture to prevent damage to the analyzer or personal injury. Carefully read
the Warning and Safety Precautions section of this manual and contact Denver
Instrument Company if there are any questions on the applicability of the M2
for your samples.
After unpacking your M2, it is recommended that the user first read the
Operating Instructions in its entirety. Special attention must be paid to the
Warning and Safety Precautions section, Equipment Installation section, and
the Operations section. In addition, an Applications section is included to assist
the user in developing their own drying procedures.
Warnings and Safety Precautions
Precautions to avoid excessive microwave energy:
Do not attempt to operate this microwave oven with hood open since openhood operation can result in harmful exposure to microwave energy. It is important not to defeat or tamper with the safety interlocks.
Do not place any object between the upper and lower portions of the chamber or allow a buildup of sample material to accumulate on the sealing surfaces.
Do not operate the analyzer if it is damaged. It is particularly important that the
chamber hood closes properly and that there is no damage to the hood,
hinge and spring or sealing surface.
The analyzer should not be adjusted or repaired by anyone other than Denver
Instrument Company or authorized repair personal.
• For the safety of the operator and analyzer, this unit will not operate under
90% of necessary voltage. If the analyzer does not function, be sure to check
the line voltage into the instrument.
• It is not recommended to operate above 3000 M altitude.
• Do not store or attempt to operate below -25°C.
1
!
Warning:
Use of this product in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, may impair
any safety protection provided by the equipment!
Every attempt has been made to make this analyzer safe and easy to use.
However, like any laboratory instrument, respect must be given to the operation
of the analyzer due to environmental conditions, the nature of samples being
tested and other chemicals that might be near the analyzer. To avoid personal
injury, exposure to excessive microwave energy or damage to the analyzer,
please observe the following precautions:
• Read all instructions prior to operating your moisture analyzer.
• This analyzer must be electrically grounded. Connect it only to a properly
grounded outlet as described on page 4.
• See hood surface cleaning instructions in the recommended care section,
page 20.
• Locate this analyzer only in accordance with the installation instructions on
page.
• Always use tweezers or tongs to remove the sample upon completion of a
test because the sample may be hot.
• Use appropriate sample handling techniques to prevent spillage into the
chamber or other areas of the instrument (i.e., use pipettes, droppers, etc. for
sample addition onto the pads). Do not pour sample into the chamber
directly from containers. If an incident of excessive spillage does occur, allow
24 hours to dry internally before powering the instrument back up.
• Do not test flammable, explosive, metal or toxic material.
• Know where the fire extinguisher is located. Use only an extinguisher rated for
use on electrical fires.
• Keep the instrument clean.
• Wear safety glasses, protective clothing and gloves.
• Keep warning labels clean and preserve their warnings at all times.
• Do not block the ventilation inlets and outlets and the sides and back of the
analyzer.
• If necessary, press any key during a test to abort the test. The analyzer will
return to the Main Screen.
• Locate the unit away from flammable materials.
Safety Design Features
Product design efforts have been focused on maximizing safety, for the protection not only of the operator, but for the product itself.
2
Equipment Installation
Selecting the location
Select a suitable work area that will allow your analyzer to work with accuracy
and dependability:
• This product is intended for indoor use only.
• Relatively free from drafts and vibration.
• Surface should be rigid and level.
• Allow adequate ventilation (at least one inch of free space around all four
sides of the analyzer).
• Do not locate near magnetic materials, or near equipment or instruments
which incorporate magnets in their design.
• Avoid areas that have variations in room temperature or have excessive
room temperatures. Room temperatures above 40°C/104°F or below
15°C/59°F could affect the operation and accuracy of your analyzer.
Unpacking
The M2 is packaged in one container box. Care should be taken in handling
and lifting the M2 due to its heavy weight (approximately 70 lbs). Open the box
from the top and remove the accessory kit. Then carefully lift the M2 to the
desired location.
Content of packaging:
Analyzer
Operating Instructions manual
Sample support (including stem, basket and pin)
Power Cord
Disposable sample pads (1 box)
Extra roll of paper
Calibration Weight
Warranty Card
Certificate of Calibration
Keep all parts of the packaging in a safe place. This packaging guarantees the
best possible protection for the transport of your analyzer.
Except as noted in this manual, this analyzer contains no user serviceable parts.
Do not disassemble the unit. Unauthorized repair attempts may void the warranty. For service, call Denver Instrument Company or your local distributor.
Install Sample Support
To install the sample support in the drying chamber:
1. Lift the hood using the handle.
2. Remove the balance constraint device.
3. Slip either end of the stem of the sample support into the mating receptacle
(beyond the bottom of chamber) and align.
4. Confirm that the sample basket, which holds the sample during testing, is
level.
Connecting to a Power Source
The analyzer is delivered in either a 100V, 50/60Hz model, a 120V, 60Hz model or
a 230V, 50Hz model. All versions are 550W of which 450W are delivered to the
drying chamber. Check that the unit, which you have received, is the correct
3
voltage for your local line voltage. If the voltage is not correct, DO NOT
attempt to connect it to the line voltage; but contact Denver Instrument
Company or your local distributor immediately.
1. First insert the appropriate power cord into the power input on the rear panel
of the analyzer.
2. Plug the power cord into a convenient grounded wall outlet.
3. To turn the analyzer ON, place the ON/OFF switch on the back of the analyzer into the ON position. The analyzer will proceed through a self-diagnostics
routine, print unit information, and then display the main screen. If the analyzer displays any diagnostic warnings, consult the troubleshooting section of
this manual and call Denver Instrument Company or your local distributor.
!
Warning!
This analyzer must be electrically grounded. Connect it only to a properly
grounded outlet. For maximum safety, this and all grounded chassis electrical
appliances should be operated from a correctly polarized
and properly grounded outlet.
Do not, under any circumstances, cut or remove the grounding prong
from the supplied power cord.
Extension cords should not be used.
9-pin connector
25-pin connector
On/Off Switch
AC Power Input
Connectors
Power – Accepts the universal female end of the appropriate power cord.
25 pin connector –This output port supports a bi-directional RS232 interface via
a 25 pin, DB-25P type connector. Use for intercommunication between two
moisture analyzers for the purpose of transferring drying procedures through the
”transmit all procedure” subroutine, send results to a computer or printer, or
command the instrument through computer or similar devise.
9 pin connector – This output port supports a uni-directional RS232 interface via
a 9 pin, DE-9S type connector. Any RS232 compatible device such as an external printer or computer can be connected to the analyzer to receive (only)
data output.
4
Controls
The following paragraphs briefly describe the location and functions of all the
analyzer controls. More detailed descriptions are provided in the following sections of this manual.
Display Screens
The analyzer features a 3.6” x 4.8”, VGA resolution back lit liquid crystal display
(LCD). This large, dot addressable LCD allows the analyzer to convey a rich
variety of detailed information with descriptive prompts, menus and help messages. There are four different types of screens that will be displayed: MAIN,
TEST, SETUP and related screens. A title line on the top of every screen identifies
the specific screen displayed along with the date and time.
Navigational Keys
Printout
Chamber Hood
Chamber Hood
Handle
Work Area
5.7” VGA
Screen
Soft Keys
Numeric Keys
Enter Key
Test Key
TEST – This set of screens prompt the operator through testing a sample including zeroing the balance, adding sample, measuring initial weight, testing and
printing the result.
MAIN – This screen will be displayed when the instrument is turned on or when
pressing the icon softkey. The Main Screen provides access to the Procedure,
Operator, Data Log and Setup Menus.
SETUP – The Setup screen provides menu options of all the available setup subroutines for customizing the analyzer.
Keypad
The analyzer features a membrane keypad with numeric, navigation (arrows),
soft and function keys as shown in the figure above. The keypad is best operated with a firm button press in the center of the key. With the keypress beeper
turned on, an audible tone will sound whenever a key has been pressed correctly.
5
Navigation
(arrow) keys
Soft keys
Enter
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
•
0
+/-
STEST
TART
Function keys include the following:
Test
-
Enter -
This key initiates the test cycle to begin analyzing a sample from any
screen.
This key prompts the analyzer to accept entry of data keyed in by the
user or accepts any highlighted choices on the display.
Navigation (arrow) keys - scroll to highlight the desired selection as well as
through alphanumeric entries.
Softkeys - located directly below the display. The label on the display will
change depending on the software routine.
Softkeys include, but are not limited to, the following:
Help -
Help offers the user immediate, context-specific advise on
setup and operation.
Return -
Returns the user to the Main Screen from any other screen.
Print –
Prints the current screen.
Back -
Returns the user back one menu. Also used to clear values
when typing in values.
Blank -
No Function
6
Technical Specifications
Measurement method
Power setting
Balance capacity
Balance readability
Readability of result
Working range
Units of results
End of analysis modes
Display
Controls
Program storage
Data storage
Integral printer
External I/O
tional RS232
Input power requirements
Sound Pressure
Operating Temp Range
Recommended Altitude
Operating Humidity
Pollution Degree
Installation Category
Indoor Use Only
Microwave radiation and detection of weight loss
30-100% of 450 watts
30 grams
0.1 mg
0.01%
10-100% Moisture
Percent moisture, solids, volatiles, mg/L, weight
loss and custom
Time-out or custom slope with sensor
5.9” VGA resolution backlit liquid crystal display
(LCD) (320 X 240 dots)
Test, Enter, 4 arrows, 4 softkeys and numeric keypad with decimal and +/- keys
30 drying procedures with alphanumeric naming
495 last results with statistical evaluation
Thermal, graphical 500 dots per line
One serial bi-directional and one serial uni-direc100V, 50/60 Hz, 550W, 10 Amps
120V, 60 Hz, 550W, 10 Amps
230V, 50 Hz, 550W, 5 Amps
Class I Equipment (grounded)
Mains supply voltage should not exceed +10% of
the nominal supply voltage
<70 dBA
15°C - 40°C
<3000 M
80% for temperatures to 31°C, decreasing linearly
to 50% relative humidity at 40°C
2
II for transient voltages
Testing
Analyzing a sample on the M2 is intended to be simple and rapid. However, to
take full advantage of the performance and versatility of the analyzer, the drying procedure should be optimized for the sample being tested. For helpful
hints on how to establish an optimized drying procedure, see the Applications
section of this manual, contact Denver Instrument Company or your local distributor. To setup the analyzer to your specific requirements, refer to the Setup
section of this manual.
Most samples can be tested for percent moisture using the Default Procedure
with reasonable results and safe drying conditions. However, if your distributor
has tested your samples and has developed an optimized drying procedure,
you will first want to enter a new program, with these settings, as described in
the Setup section of this manual.
7
To test a sample, perform the following:
1. Press the Test key to initiate a test cycle from any screen.
2. [If sample number or batch ID prompts are on these will need to be
entered.] The instrument will then prompt you to add the test pad(s).
3. Open the hood using the handle on the front of the heating chamber and
place one or two sample pads onto the sample support. Then close the
chamber hood. [Pads will be pre-dried if this feature is on.]
4. The instrument will zero the balance to eliminate the sample pad(s) weight
from the overall weight reading.
Default
9/06/1999
06:51 PM
Test: Zero Balance
OPEN COVER.
A DD PA D S .
CLOSE COVER.
Or press Enter, if pads are ready
Test: Zero Balance Screen
5. At the prompt, open the hood and add the sample to the sample pad(s).
The screen will display the sample weight in grams. If more convenient, the
sample pad(s) may be removed for easier sample addition and spreading.
A bar graph will display the amount of weight added to the balance
and
its proximity to the pre-set desired weight. If the target weight beep
Note
Memo:
is on the unit will beep as soon as the weight is within these parameters.
To change the optimal weight settings refer to the setup section of this
manual.
C h e e s e, s l i c e d
9/06/1999
Test: Weigh Sample
OPEN COVER.
ADD SAMPLE.
CLOSE COVER.
We i g h t : 0 . 0 0 0 g
Test: Weigh Sample
8
06:51 PM
6. After the desired amount of sample as been added, with the sample pads
centered on the sample support, close the chamber lid securely.
7. When the displayed weight in grams has equilibrated the M2 will automatically take the sample weight. [If sample prep mode is on the instrument will
allow for the sample to be removed from the chamber.]
8. The test will then begin and the Test Screen will indicate that the test has
begun.
C h e e s e, s l i c e d
9/06/1999
06:51 PM
Test: In Progress
Te s t Time:
2 sec.
Initial Weight: 1.0689 g
Press any key to abort.
Test in Progress Screen
9. The analyzer will proceed in determining the moisture content of the sample
using the recalled drying procedure. When the endpoint condition is met,
the test will automatically stop and the result will be printed. At the end of
the test, the display will prompt you to return to the main menu or run another test.
C h e e s e, s l i c e d
9/06/1999
06:51 PM
Test Complete
Result : 4.04% M
Te s t Time : 124 sec.
We i g h t L o s s : 0 . 0 0 0 4 g
Initial Weight : 1.0689 g
F i n a l Weight : 0.6413 g
9/06/1999
11 : 2 9 A M
REMOVE SAMPLE & PA D S
Press Enter for main menu.
P r e s s T E S T to begin analysis.
Final Result Screen
Note
Memo:
To stop the test for any reason during analysis, press any key.
10. Raise the hood and carefully remove the sample prior to another test.
9
Main Screen
Select Procedure
This routine numerically lists the programs (up to 30) that have been saved within the unit for recall. Using the navigational arrows, highlight the pre-set program and press enter. The next test ran will use the parameters of the procedure selected. See setup section to add or modify procedures.
Select Operator
Much like the select procedure menu this routine allows selection of the current
operator. Using the navigational arrows, highlight the pre-set operator’s name
and press enter. This information will be printed with each result so that a catalog of who ran the test may be maintained. Up to 11 names can be saved for
recall. See setup section to add or change names.
Default
09/06/1999
06:51 PM
Denver Instrument Company
M2 Moisture Analyzer
1
2
3
4
5
)
)
)
)
)
Select procedure
Select Operator
Paper Feed.
Data Log Menu
Setup Menu
Balance Cal: Due in 90 days
Press Test to begin analysis.
Main Screen
Paper Feed
Feeds the paper through the printer.
Data Log Menu
This allows the user to view and print collected data.
1) Print last test: This will print the data from the last test performed using the
guidelines set in the result printout menu.
2) View data log: This provides a list of data gathered by the moisture analyzer.
It will display program name, time and date ran, analysis time and final
result.
3) Print data log: This will export all information held in the data log to the printer. Again printing the program name, time and date ran, analysis time and
final result.
4) Print statistics: Exports statistical data for results in the data log for each of
the procedures to the printer. Includes procedure name, number of test the
statistics are based on, average, standard deviation, relative standard deviation, minimum result, and maximum result.
5) Set maximum count: This is the maximum number of results to be used in the
calculation of statistics. Entering 0 will calculate statistics on all results in the
data log.
10
6) Set data range start: Defines the starting point for the data log begins. The
current start date is displayed in the lower portion of the screen on the left
side.
7) Set data range end: Defines the ending point for when the data log stops
storing data. The current end date is displayed in the lower portion of the
screen on the right side.
Setup Menu
DEVELOP PROCEDURE
In this menu the user can develop, modify, or delete a procedure.
Default
Setup Menu
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
) Develop procedures
) Modify operators
) Calibrate balance
) Results printout menu
) Time/date menu
) Audio/video menu
) Serial port menu
)————— ——
) Security menu
) Service menu
Setup Screen
1) Develop new procedure: In this menu the operator can fully develop a drying procedure by selecting various settings. The M2 will automatically bring
up the first available open slot for the new procedure. If all 30 slots are in use
the analyzer will prompt the user to delete one of the pre-existing procedures. To change any of the settings below, press the number key that
matches the number of the selection on the display, or use the navigation
keys to highlight the selection and press enter. After changes have been
made press “Enter” to move back to the left side of display. Changes will be
saved automatically when you press the “Test” key to begin a test or any of
the softkeys.
Cheese, sliced
Modify Procedure
1 ) Set procedure name
2 ) Set units
3 ) Set maximum weight
4 ) Set minimum weight:
5 ) Allow other weights?
6 ) Set power level 1:
7 ) Set time 1:
8 ) Set power level 2:
9 ) Set slope time:
0 ) Set slope end:
± ) Pre-dry pads?:
• ) Te s t m o d e :
%M
2.00 g
1.00 g
YES
100%
0 sec
100%
4 sec
3 ppt
NO
NORMAL
Modify Procedure Screen
11
• Set procedure name: Define an alphanumeric name for the procedure
being developed. Using the navigational arrows move the cursor to the letter of choice and press enter. Press the numeric keys to add a number. To
delete the last letter entered, use the back softkey. When finished, highlight
“Save and Exit” and press enter.
• Select units: In this subroutine the operator can select the units for which
the instrument will calculate and display the results from each test run.
%M
%S
%V
mg
mg/L
xM
xS
Moisture
Solids
Volatiles
Weight
Weight loss by volume
Custom Moisture
Custom Solids
Initial Wt-Final Wt/Initial Wt x 100
Final Wt/Initial Wt x 100
Initial Wt-Final Wt/Initial Wt x 100
Initial and Final Weights
Use for filtered samples
(%M x Factor) + Offset
(%S x Factor) + Offset
Cheese, sliced
Select Units
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
%M (moisture)
%S (solids)
%V (volatiles)
mg (weight loss)
mg/L (by volume)
xM (custom moist.)
xS (custom solids)
xE (extraction)
Select Units Screen
It may be necessary to set a bias for the procedure (xM or xS units). See
the custom unit section in the application section for more information on
this setting.
• Set maximum weight: This is the upper end of the desired sample size.
During testing, the bar graph window and target weight beep will end at
this value. This value can be set to meet desired testing requirements. It is
recommended that the limits be set at 110% of a targeted sample weight.
• Set minimum weight: This is the lower end of the desired sample size. During
testing, the bar graph window and target weight beep will start at this
value. This value can be set to meet desired testing requirements. It is recommended that the limits be set at 90% of a target sample weight.
• Allow other weights?: If ‘NO’ has been selected then the M2 will not begin
a test if the sample weight falls outside the minimum and maximum weight
as defined above.
• Set power level 1: This setting is crucial to the drying procedure as it
defines the amount of pulsing done by the magnetron as it sends
microwaves into the drying chamber. The range of this setting is 30-100% in
10% increments. For more detailed information on power level setting for
optimizing a drying procedure see the applications section.
12
• Set time 1: Used mainly in the two-step drying process when the instrument
needs to switch from power level 1 to power level 2. It is also useful if the
sample needs an amount of time (set as time 1) before it begins to release
its moisture. If you do not want a minimum time hold, set time 1 to 0.
Typically time 1 does exceed 150 seconds.
• Set power level 2: Also used in a two-step drying procedure with a range of
30 – 100%. This is the power setting that the analyzer needs to switch to after
time 1 has expired. Unlike power level 1 this setting may not be timed out, it
refers to the slope values in order to determine the stopping point of the
analysis. This value will be ignored in testing if time 1 is set at “0”.
• Set slope time: This is the first of two settings to determine the end point for
a sample. As the amount of water in the sample decreases, so does the
absorption of microwaves by that sample. Throughout the test the unit continuously looks back at the sensor reading of absorbed microwaves. The
amount of time the unit checks for change in absorption is dependent on
the setting of the slope time, with units of seconds. If the slope time is
increased (max is 25 seconds) then the unit looks over a longer period of
time at the absorption by the sample. Likewise if the slope time is
decreased (min is 2 sec) then the time frame that the unit looks at is
decreased.
• Set slope end: This is the second factor in determining the endpoint for the
analysis. In order for the test to be completed, the change in absorption (in
parts per thousand) must be less than the value of the slope end over the
time defined in the slope time. The smaller the slope end (min is 0 ppt, max
is 20 ppt) the less absorption may be detected which means less moisture is
detected.
• Pre-dry pads?: It is very important that the sample pads are dry before
adding sample. In high humidity environments or for applications where low
moisture levels in pads may create a problem, turn this feature on. After the
pads have been placed in chamber for zeroing the balance, they will be
dried for 15 seconds and then the balance will be zeroed.
• Test Mode: Press this key to toggle between “Normal” and “Sample Prep”
modes. Normal mode is the most common however some applications
need further sample preparation. When the sample prep mode is activated, the M2 will pause after the initial weight has been taken and allow sample to be removed from chamber. When the sample is replaced and hood
is closed the test will begin.
2) Modify procedure: This allows the user to examine and modify any procedure
that has been saved. Use the navigation arrows to highlight the program to
be modified and then press “Enter”. The current settings will be displayed,
changes are made by following steps in the above procedure under developing a program. Changes will be saved automatically when you press the
“Test” key to begin a test or any of the softkeys.
3) Delete procedure: This subroutine deletes any saved program from memory.
Using the navigation keys, highlight the program to be deleted. Press “Enter”.
After selecting a procedure for deletion the screen will prompt for confirmation.
4) Print all procedures: Prints the procedure name, units, target weight, power,
time, slope parameters and mode of all procedures stored in memory.
5) Print current procedure: Prints the procedure name, units, target weight,
power, time, slope parameters and mode of currently selected procedure.
6) Alphabetize procedures: Puts the procedures in alphabetical order for easy
recall.
7) Setup menu: Returns to the setup menu.
13
MODIFY OPERATORS
Much like the procedure menu, this allows the modification and deletion of
operator names.
1) Set operator name: This option will display the saved operator names. To add
a new name, press the number next to a blank space or highlight a blank
space and press “Enter”. If all available spaces are full, the user must first
delete one of the names (see next section). Move the cursor to the first letter
of the name and press “Enter”. When done, use the navigation keys to highlight “Save & Exit” and press “Enter”. To modify a name, press the number next
to a blank space or highlight a blank space and press “Enter”. The back softkey will delete the letters started at the end of the name. When done, use the
navigation keys to highlight “Save & Exit” and press “Enter”.
2) Delete operator: Here the user will be able to delete any or all of the previously saved operator names. Simply press the number next to the operator to be
deleted. The operator will be deleted and the M2 will go back to the modify
operators menu.
3) Print all operators: Prints all operators currently stored in memory.
4) Setup Menu: Saves all changes and return to the Setup Menu.
CALIBRATE BALANCE
Calibrate Balance
1
2
3
4
)
)
)
)
Set cal interval
Set zero point
Begin Calibration
Setup menu
180 days
We i g h t : 0 . 5 3 3 3 g
Last cal: 11/18/1999 05:16PM
Calibration: Due in 180 days
Calibrate Balance Screen
The calibrate subroutine allows periodic calibration of the balance. Calibration
should be performed when ever the analyzer is moved or a large temperature
change occurs. You will need a 2, 5, 10, or 20 gram weight to calibrate the analyzer. At the bottom of the screen the last calibration date will be displayed as
well as the number of days before the next calibration is due.
1) Set cal interval: This subroutine allows the user to set the amount of time
between calibrations. When the calibration time has expired a ‘cal’ icon will
appear on the main screen.
2) Set Zero Point: This simply tares the balance, setting the unit to zero grams.
14
3) Begin calibration: This will prompt the user through the calibration procedure
using the a 2, 5, 10, or 20 gram weight. First, open the hood and remove samples and pads. Next, close the hood and wait while the unit automatically
tares the balance to zero grams. At the prompt, open the hood and place a
one of the weights on the sample support and close the hood. The balance
will recognize the weight and calibrate the balance. If calibration was successful the unit will display a prompt to remove the weight and press “Enter” to
return to the calibration menu. If calibration is unsuccessful, call Denver
Instrument Company or your local distributor for technical assistance.
RESULTS PRINTOUT MENU
The menu allows the user to fully customize the
amount and type of information that is printed
following each M2 test run.
1-3) Set print line: Use to personalize the printout
header alphabetically and numerically. The
current message is displayed under line 3.
Press the number of the line you would like to
change. Using the navigational arrows move
the cursor to the letter of choice and press
enter. Press the numeric keys to add a number. To delete the last letter entered, use the
Back softkey. When finished, highlight “Save
and Exit” and press enter.
4) Turn analyzer info on/off: When this is turned on the software version and serial
number of M2 will print.
5) Turn procedure name on/off: When this is turned on the procedure name will
be printed.
6) Turn operator name on/off: When this is turned on the operator may be selected and printed.
7) Turn sample number on/off: Allows the user to input a sample # (as selected
below as prefill sample number) for each analysis before the test begins.
8) Turn weights on/off: When this is turned on the weight loss, initial weight, and
final weight will be printed.
9) Prefill sample number: Used to determine select the type of sample number
for each test. Press #9, or “Enter” when this selection is highlighted, to select
the desired setting. The ‘incr’ mode increases the number by 1 for the next
test, useful for continuous testing. The ‘last’ option displays the same sample
number as the last test, useful for multiple runs of the same sample. When
“none” is selected the sample number will be blank.
0) Turn batch label on/off: This is an alphanumeric label that is useful when several samples from same batch are to be tested. When it is turned on and a test
is started, it will allow the user to enter a name. Using the navigational arrows
move the cursor to the letter of choice and press enter. Press the numeric keys
to add a number. To delete the last letter entered, use the Return softkey.
When finished, highlight “Save and Exit” and press enter.
±) Setup Menu: Saves changes and returns to the setup menu.
15
TIME/DATE MENU
In this subroutine the user can manually change the time and date as well as
how they are displayed.
1) Set time: When setting the time, the 24 hour format must be entered as
hour:min:sec.
2) Set date: The date must be entered in the same format as the date format
selected by the user below.
3) Time format: Two time formats are available to the user, 24 hour or 12 hour
with AM/PM.
4) Date format: Three options are available for setting the method in which
date is displayed, month first, day first, or year first. This 8-character format is
designed to recognize leap years.
Note
Memo:
Be sure to first enter a zero on months or days that are only single digits.
AUDIO/VIDEO MENU
In this options menu the user can change the beeps on or off, as well as toggle the video contrast and color scheme.
1) Keypress beep on/off: When on, the M2 beeps when a key is pressed correctly.
2) Target weight beep on/off: When on, the M2 will sound when the weight of
sample being added falls within the pre-set limits in the develop procedure
section.
3) End-of-test beep on/off: A beep will alert the user when the test has been
completed.
4) Select video contrast: Allows the user to toggle the contrast with ‘1’ being
the lightest and ‘9’ being the darkest. The screen will reflect the change
when either a number is pressed or the selection is highlighted and the
“Enter” key is pressed. To exit the screen press “0” or a softkey.
5) Select video color scheme: Choose from two visual color schemes, either
white letters on a black background or black letters on a white background.
Either selection will have no effect on the performance of the unit.
6) Setup menu: Saves changes and returns to setup menu.
SERIAL PORT MENU
The analyzer contains two serial interface input/outputs to handle most interface requirements.
A 9-pin “D” type connector (digital I/O) provides a standard pin configuration
for a serial RS232 output with no hardware handshaking.
• eight data bits • no parity • one stop bit
All cables used should be in this pin configuration:
Pin Call Out
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Function
case ground
serial data in
serial data out
CTS (Clear to send)
RTS (Request to send)
no connection
signal ground
no connection
no connection
16
• 25 pin: This output port supports a bi-directional RS232 interface via a 25
pin, DB-25P type connector for intercommunication between two moisture
analyzers for the purpose of transferring drying procedures through the
“transmit all procedures” subroutine, outputting of results or remote command entry.
• 9 pin: This output port supports a uni-directional RS232 interface via a 9 pin,
DE-9S type connector. Any RS232 compatible device such as an external
printer or computer can be connected to the analyzer to receive (only)
result data output.
If an external device, such as a printer or computer, is connected the device will
receive data in the same format as the internal printer setup.
See Appendix E for further information on communication commands.
A warning message will appear on the display (when a test is initiated), if
the
either of the serial ports are turned ON and the external devices are
Note
Memo:
not connected (i.e. no cable plugged in).
1/4) Turn port on/off: Turn port on when attached to an external devise.
2/5) Select baud rate: Various baud rates can be selected for either serial port
(150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800,9600). Make sure that if a printer or computer
is attached to the analyzer that the baud rates of both are identical.
3/6) Setup serial port: Select the data bits, parity and stop bits for the serial port.
Also turn the count on or off. Make sure that if a printer or computer is
attached to the analyzer that the parity, and cts. are identical.
7) Printer: Turn port on/off: When this is off the internal printer will not print
8) Transmit all procedures: When you connect two M2s with the transfer cable,
this feature will send all programs with settings to the other M2.
9) SETUP MENU: Saves all changes and returns to Setup menu.
SECURITY MENU
The Security subroutine of the analyzer prohibits unauthorized entry of selectable routines and subroutines.
1) Print analyzer info: Will send M2 version of code and serial number to printer.
2) Set password on/off: If password is turned ON, a password must be entered to
access any menu beyond the main menu. If the password is not entered correctly, then the operator will be denied entry to the secured routines. When
password is turned OFF, all analyzer routines and subroutines can be accessed
without entering a password.
3) Set password: Select to change the current password to a new password.
4) Use standard printout: Resets all printer options to factory default.
5) Clear data log: Clears all points in the data log
6) Clear operators: Clears all operators
7) Clear procedures: Clears all programs including factory defaults.
8) Load default procedures: Restores all factory default procedures listed in this
manual.
9) Restore all defaults: This is a factory reset that erases all custom settings (including programs, operators, printer settings, serial port settings, security settings
and clears the data log)
SERVICE MENU
This area is reserved for troubleshooting and repair work. If you feel that you
need access to this menu contact Denver Instrument Company for the password and for technical support.
17
Applications
It may be necessary to optimize drying procedure for accurate and consistent
results if a default procedure does not work for your application. Although the
microwave technology is based on the presence of water within a sample, some
samples need to have a comparison or reference value to optimize the procedure on the M2. Once a procedure has been optimized the user can comfortably test the sample with relative ease and accuracy without having to use a
standard method.
There are several areas to concern yourself with when developing a procedure.
1. Preparation of sample: For many samples no preparation is required while others need some sort of prep work to ensure an even and consistent sample.
Consider the following for your application:
• Homogenizing: In many cases this is simply stirring the sample prior to
placement on sample pads. The reason for this is to get a good representation of the sample’s moisture content.
• Grinding: Some samples might, by size or matrix, hold moisture in the center
of the sample. To provide quick and reproducible results, grinding the sample allows for even moisture analysis of the sample.
• “Sandwiching”: A term used for the use of two quartz pads to ‘sandwich’
the sample. This procedure is commonly used because it helps in several
applications. Make sure that if two quartz pads are being used that both
are placed on the pan support when the balance is zeroed out.
• Samples containing fat may be subject to splattering which in turn results
in unwanted weight loss of the sample. By adding a second pad on top
of the sample, this splattering is contain between the pads.
• Samples that do not readily absorb microwave energy also benefit from
this method. The two pads help retain heat which aids the liberation of
moisture.
• Materials with a “doughy” consistency will dry more evenly if pressed thin
and flat. The two pads will provide an intermediate barrier when pressing
the sample.
2. Sample size: Sample size for each sample should be consistent and in most
cases a sample size from 0.5 grams to 3.5 grams is ideal. Data can only be as
consistent as each test run, thus being consistent in the test procedure will
help in the consistency of the data.
3. Power Setting: Power level selection is the most important criteria within your
application development strategy. When selecting the power level for your
material, you must consider the basic components of the material. Samples
that contain materials with high dielectric strengths (such as sugar) should be
analyzed at lower power settings. However, most samples run at 100% power.
When the analysis is complete check for any burning of the sample. If the
sample’s integrity is not upheld reduce the power in 20% increments until sample is no longer burned. The higher the power the faster the analysis time.
18
Note
Memo:
If at any time smoke is visible in the exhaust of the fans, stop the test
immediately, and place the sample in water to prevent smoldering.
4. Slope Variables: There are two slope variables to consider. The first is the
slope time. This is the length of time that the unit runs before it looks at the
second variable of slope end. These two features are often adjusted
together. A good place to start is with the slope time at 5 and the slope
end at 2 (5/2). After running the sample feel the pad. If the pad is still wet or
if a higher % moisture is expected, increase the settings to 10/1. If the %
moisture is still too low try the tightest endpoint of 15/0. On the other hand if
the sample looks like it has been “over cooked” or the % moisture value is
too high it may be necessary to loosen the endpoint to 3/5. If at any stage
if you are able to get one moisture value too high at one setting and too
low at another setting, adjust the slope time and slope end until the perfect
criteria is met.
5. Step (Time 1, Power 2): For some samples it is necessary to set a step in the
program. Indications that a step is needed are that the total analysis time is
under thirty seconds or that it runs for different lengths of time giving different results. If the sample is not running long enough, also indicated by low
moisture reading, increase time 1 to 30 seconds. Continue to increase time
1 until satisfactory times are being ran (typically not over 150 seconds).
Sometimes it is necessary to run a sample at a higher power for a set
amount of time and then lower the power to carry it to the endpoint. This is
also a step procedure. Set the time 1 to be the amount of time to run at
power 1 and then adjust power 2 to be the power to be ran until the endpoint condition is met.
6. Custom Units: This feature allows scale (factor) and/or bias (offset) correction
to the final result. It may be necessary to use this feature for the following
reasons:
• Some samples may have components (such as volatiles) that are not
effected similarly to the current method.
• A current method does not match up with the M2 result.
• Samples have cooled before testing began.
If this is the case, an offset can be entered to compensate for these characteristics. From there it is possible to use a multiplication factor or add/subtract an
offset. If the result is always off by a certain percentage (i.e. the result on the
M2 is 45% and the reference is 57% and a sample at 32% on the M2 is expected to be 44%) a custom offset can be entered (in example, 12%) so the results
are in range. If the results are always off by a ratio (i.e. the result on the M2 is
45% and the reference is 57% and a sample at 32% on the M2 is expected to
be 41%) a custom scale can be entered (in example, 1.3). When a custom
unit is entered, there is no need for any other calculations not will a bias entry
screen appear during test mode. Weight data will not be altered and will not
show the bias.
7. Sample Disposal: Dispose of all samples in accordance to local regulations.
Contact local authorities if unsure of how to properly dispose of post-test
materials.
19
Appendix A — Recommended Care
The M2 moisture analyzer is an integrated system designed to provide precise,
fast determination of moisture content. Therefore, proper care and routine
maintenance of the unit is required to prevent accidents, to ensure reliable
results, and to avoid damage to the unit.
Before beginning the cleaning process:
• Unplug the unit.
• Allow the unit to cool down for a period of 30 minutes.
• Use a mild detergent and a soft rag to clean the external surfaces of the unit.
• Do NOT immerse the unit in water or any other cleaning solution.
Your daily regiment should include the following:
• Carefully remove pan stem and thoroughly clean with a mild detergent. Dry
completely before reinstalling.
• Wipe clean the inner chamber bottom and top, as well as the cover and
work area.
Appendix B — Printer Paper Installation
Installation of thermal printer paper using Denver Instrument part number
901121.1 is as follows:
• Locate printer module arm on the right side and pull arm towards the front of
the unit. It may be necessary to slightly close the printer cover to fully extend
the arm.
• Insert a clean edge of the new roll into the paper feed slot located on the
rear of the printer module.
• As soon as the paper entering the module is sensed the printer will auto-feed
the paper. Then simply reset the printer arm, feed the paper through the slot
in the cover, and close cover.
Note
Memo:
The thermal paper can only print on one side of the paper.
20
Appendix C — Maintenance
!
Warning!
This unit does not contain any user serviceable parts.
For technical assistance and repair contact
DENVER INSTRUMENT CO. at 1-800-321-1135.
Be sure to keep the inner chamber surface clean at all times. Ensure that there
is no debris from past samples in the bottom of the chamber cavity.
Periodically calibrate the balance to ensure accurate results.
Appendix D — Trouble Shooting
Results too low
Loosen slope settings and/or raise power level.
Results too high
Tighten slope settings and/or lower power level.
Inconsistent results
Use a consistent and appropriate sample size.
Optimize drying procedure by adjusting power and
slope settings.
Calibrate balance.
Ensure that the platform that the unit is on is level and
free of vibrations.
Will not start a test
Make sure that the latch on the hood is completely
closed.
Power setting may be set at zero.
Low or no voltage from line.
Printer will not print
Internal printer not turned on. From main screen select
#5 Options menu, then # 7 Serial port, and finally verify
that #7 Internal printer is turned on.
If the printer head moves but does not print, make sure
that the paper had been installed properly as the
printer can only print on one side of the paper.
21
Appendix E — Serial Communication Commands
Serial commands are case-insensitive (i.e. they are converted to uppercase on
receipt). All characters are ASCII, not ANSI, so use ‘Terminal’ font in Windows to
see special characters correctly correctly (i.e. degrees, accents, Greek symbols).
(“Normal” letters and numbers are coded the same in both sets.)
The following commands are supported:
SET TIMESTAMP #timestamp#
[GET] TIMESTAMP
sets date and time using the number of seconds since 1/1/1970
SET DATETIME dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm:ss
[GET] DATETIME
sets date and time using formatted strings
(24 hour format, leading ‘0’s required)
[GET] SCALE
show a reading
[GET] INFO
print analyzer info (software version and serial #)
[DO] DISPLAY $display_string$
display text on top line
[DO] DISPXY #Xpixel# #Ypixel# $display_string$
display text at given location
[DO] KEYS $keys$
enter one or several keystrokes
Where:
{} = choice of required parameter
[ ] = optional parameter
#timestamp# = # of secs since 1/1/1970
$display_string$ = ASCII string (not ANSI)
#Xpixel# = {0-239) (0=top line)
# Ypixel# = {0-239} (0=top line)
$keys$ = one or several of {[email protected]#$}
E = Scientific notation
L = Left arrow key
R = Right arrow key
U = Up arrow key
D = Down arrow key
T = Test key
N = Enter key
! = (Shift-1) = Softkey 1 (Left softkey)
@= (Shift-2) = Softkey 2
# = (Shift-3) = Softkey 3
$ = (Shift-4) = Softkey 4 (Right softkey)
22
Appendix F — Accessories
Part No.
901998.1
901999.1
901121.1
901309.1
901310.1
77811093.1
901811.1
?
36890535.1
820010.0
Description
95 mm Glass quartz pads. Pkg. of 200
95 mm glass quartz pads. Case (20 boxes of 200 pads)
Printer Paper (5 rolls)
Cable DE9S to DB25S
Intercommunications Cable (2 @ DB25p)
Cable DE9S to Blunt
M2 Operating Instructions
Sample Support Kit
Power Cord 115V
Calibration Weight 10g class 2
Appendix G — Factory Default Drying Procedures
1. Default Procedure
Power 1:
100%
Time 1 :
0 sec
Power 2:
100%
Slope time: 5 sec
Slope end : 2 ppt.
6. Meat, Potted
Power 1:
100%
Time 1 :
0 sec.
Power 2 :
100%
Slope time: 4 sec
Slope end : 3 ppt.
2. Standard
Power 1:
Time 1 :
Power 2 :
Slope time:
Slope end :
7. Tomato Paste
Power 1 :
80%
Time 1 :
0 sec
Power 2 :
80%
Slope time: 9 sec
Slope end : 4 ppt.
(Water)
100%
25 sec.
100%
5 sec
2 ppt.
3. Cheese, Sliced
Power 1:
70%
Time 1 :
0 sec
Power 2 :
70%
Slope time: 10 sec
Slope end : 1 ppt.
8. Beef, Ground
Power 1 :
90%
Time 1:
0 sec
Power 2:
90%
Slope time: 5 sec
Slope end: 2 ppt
4. Milk, Whole
Power 1:
100%
Time 1 :
0 sec
Power 2:
100 %
Slope time: 5 sec
Slope end : 1 ppt.
9. Butter
Power 1 :
Time 1:
Power 2:
Slope time:
Slope end:
90%
0 sec
90%
8 sec
2 ppt
5. Yogurt, Low Fat
Power 1:
90%
Time 1 :
0 sec
Power 2 :
90%
Slope time: 5 sec
Slope end : 2 ppt.
10. Latex
Power 1 :
Time 1:
Power 2:
Slope time:
Slope end:
100%
0 sec
100%
15 sec
1 ppt
23
24
Warranty Instructions
1. Please return the prepaid, pre-addressed Purchase Registration Card to
Denver Instrument Company promptly upon your purchase of the Denver
Instrument product. The return of the card is not a condition precedent to
warranty coverage.
2. If you have any questions about a Denver Instrument product, please call
toll-free, 1-800-321-1135 (or FAX description of problem to (303) 423-4831)
for technical assistance.
3. If it becomes necessary to return your Denver Instrument product for service, you must obtain a “Return Authorization Number”. Please pack the
product securely in its original approved packing carton or other suitable
container and include your Return Authorization Number on the shipping
label and as a precaution also a note inside the box. Shipping charges
must be fully prepaid.
In the U.S. ship to:
Denver Instrument Company
6542 Fig Street
Arvada, Colorado 80004
In the U.K. and Europe ship to:
Denver Instrument Company, Ltd.
Denver House, Sovereign Way
Trafalgar Business Park, Downham Market
Norfolk PE38 9SW England
Denver Instrument Company
6542 Fig Street • Arvada, Colorado 80004 U.S.A.
1-800-321-1135 • (303) 431-7255 • Fax (303) 423-4831
www.denverinstrument.com
European Office:
Denver Instrument Company, Ltd.
Denver House, Sovereign Way • Trafalgar Business Park
Downham Market, Norfolk PE38 9SW • England
Tel: (01366) 386242 • Fax: (01366) 386204
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