08 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT
V I R T U A L
Topics
N E X T G E N E R A T I O N
V I R T U A L
BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT
AFS Automatic Flight System
– AFDS Autopilot Flight Director System
– Mode Control Panel
• Speed
• Vertical navigation
• Lateral navigation
• Autopilot/Flight Director
– Autopilot engagement/disengagement
– AFS failure
– Flight Director
– AFDS Status Annunciation, Flight Mode Annunciation
– Control Wheel Steering
– Autothrottle System
Automatic Flight Operations
– Takeoff and Climb
– Enroute
– Approach and Landing
– Go-around
– Operation in windshear
V I R T U A L
AFDS
MCP
BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS, DISPLAYS
Speed
Vertical navigation
Lateral navigation
Autopilot & F/D
BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION
V I R T U A L
Course overview
– Airplane General
– Air Systems
– Warning Systems, Communications,
Ice & Rain Protection
– Electrical
– Engines, APU, Fuel System
– Hydraulics, Flight Controls,
Landing Gear, Brakes
– Flight Instruments, Displays
– Automatic Flight
– Flight Management, Navigation
– Normal Operations
V I R T U A L
BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT
AFS
Overview
The automatic flight system (AFS) consists of the autopilot flight director system (AFDS) and the autothrottle
(A/T). The flight management computer (FMC) provides N1 limits and target N1 for the A/T and command airspeeds for the A/T and AFDS.
The AFDS and A/T are controlled using the AFDS mode control panel (MCP) and the FMC. Normally, the
AFDS and A/T are controlled automatically by the FMC to fly an optimized lateral and vertical flight path through climb, cruise and descent.
Indicators
V I R T U A L
BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT
AFDS
MCP Speed
• Autothrottle ARM switch
• Autothrottle indicator light
• Changeover switch
• MCP speed condition symbols
• IAS/MACH display
• N1 switch
• SPEED switch
• IAS/MACH selector
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08 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT
V I R T U A L
BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT
AFDS
MCP Vertical navigation
• VNAV switch
• Altitude display
• Vertical speed display
• Vertical speed thumbwheel
• Level Change switch
• Approach switch
• Altitude selector
• Altitude hold switch
• Vertical speed switch
V I R T U A L
AFDS
MCP Lateral navigation
• Course display
• Heading selector
• Heading display
• LNAV switch
• VOR Localizer switch
BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT
• Course selector
• Bank angle selector
• Heading select switch
• Approach switch
V I R T U A L
BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT
AFDS
MCP A/P, F/D
• Command engage switches
• CWS engage switches
• Autopilot disengage bar
• Master F/D indication
• Flight director switch
V I R T U A L
BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT
AFDS
AFS failures
– Power interruption or loss may cause disengagement of the AFDS and/or A/T. Re–engagement is possible after power is restored.
– Dual channel A/P operation is possible only when two generators are powering the busses.
– Two independent radio altimeters provide radio altitude to the respective FCCs. With a radio altimeter inoperative, do not use the associated FCC for approach or landing, and do not use the associated autopilot for approach.
V I R T U A L
BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT
AFDS
Autopilot engagement/disengagement
Each A/P can be engaged by pushing a separate CMD or CWS engage switch. A/P engagement in CMD or
CWS is inhibited unless both of the following pilot–controlled conditions are met:
• no force is being applied to the control wheel
• the STAB TRIM AUTOPILOT cutout switch is at NORMAL.
Only one A/P can be engaged at a given time unless the approach (APP) mode is engaged. Approach mode allows both A/Ps to be engaged at the same time. Dual A/P operation provides control through landing flare and touchdown or an automatic go–around.
The A/P automatically disengages when any of the following occurs:
• pushing either A/P disengage switch
• pushing either TO/GA switch with a single A/P engaged in CWS or CMD below 2000 feet RA
• pushing either TO/GA switch with a single A/P above 2000 feet RA with flaps down or G/S engaged.
• pushing either TO/GA switch after touchdown with both A/Ps engaged in CMD
• pushing an illuminated A/P ENGAGE switch
• pushing the A/P DISENGAGE bar down
• activating either pilot’s control wheel trim switch
• moving the STAB TRIM AUTOPILOT cutout switch to CUTOUT
• either left or right IRS system failure or FAULT light illuminated
• loss of electrical power or a sensor input which prevents proper operation of the engaged A/P and mode
• loss of respective hydraulic system pressure.
V I R T U A L
BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT
AFDS
Flight Director
Turning a F/D switch ON displays command bars on the respective pilot’s attitude indicator if command pitch and roll modes are engaged. If command pitch and roll modes are not engaged, the F/D command bars do not appear. The F/Ds can be operated with or without the A/P and A/T. F/D command modes can be used with an A/P engaged in CWS.
F/D commands operate in the same command modes as the A/P except:
• the takeoff mode is a F/D only mode
• dual F/D guidance is available for single engine operation
• the F/D has no landing flare capability. F/D command bars retract from view at approximately 50 feet RA on an ILS approach.
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08 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT
V I R T U A L
AFDS
Status Annunciation
FMA
CWS
BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT
V I R T U A L
BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT
Automatic Flight Operations
Takeoff
V I R T U A L
BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT
Autothrottle
The A/T system provides automatic thrust control from the start of takeoff through climb, cruise, descent, approach and go–around or landing. In normal operation, the FMC provides the A/T system with N1 limit values.
The A/T moves the thrust levers with a separate servo motor on each thrust lever. Manually positioning the thrust levers does not cause A/T disengagement unless 10 degrees of thrust lever separation is exceeded during a dual channel approach after FLARE armed is annunciated. Following manual positioning, the A/T may reposition the thrust levers to comply with computed thrust requirements except while in the THR HLD and ARM modes.
The A/T system operates properly with the EECs ON or in ALTN. In either case, the A/T uses the FMC N1 limits.
Thrust mode display annunciations
• TO – takeoff
• R-TO – reduced takeoff
• R-CLB – reduced climb
• CLB – climb
• CRZ – cruise
• G/A – go–around
• CON – continuous
• ––– – FMC not computing thrust limit
V I R T U A L
BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT
Automatic Flight Operations
Approach and Landing
V I R T U A L
BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT
Automatic Flight Operations
Go-around
BOEING 737 NEXT GENERATION
V I R T U A L
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Copyright 2005 © Malev Virtual Training Division. All rights reserved.
Elérhetõségek:
Internet: http://www.b737.virtualairlines.hu
E-mail: [email protected]
Elõadó: Hegedüs Zoltán
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