I
ElectroVoice®
DL12Sb
Low-Frequency
Reproducer
• Woofer for compact, two-way voice
systems
• Excellent subwoofer for highly
portable applications
• 400 watts long-term power capacity
• 95-dB sensitivity
• Thermally efficient magnet
assembly for high reliability
• PROTEpM coating helps protect
woofer from excessive power peaks
• Extra-high excursion capability
SPECIFICATIONS
Usable Axial Frequency Response in Typical
Enclosure (4.0 ft3 tuned to 45 Hz), Swept OneThird-Octave Pink Noise, 4 Volts at 10 Feet,
Anechoic Environment, Normalized for
1 WattJ1 Meter (see Figure 1):'
38-4,000 Hz
Power Handling (see Power-Handling
Test section),
Per EIA RS-426-A 1980:
400 watts
Per AES2-19S4; ANSI S4.26-1984,
50-500 Hz: 400 watts
Sensitivity (SPL at 1 m, 1 wan input power,
nominal impedance),
200- to 4,000-Hz Average:
96.5 dB
100- to SOO-Hz Average:
95 dB
Impedance Response (see Figure 4 for
response in typical enclosure; see Figure 3
for response in standard baffle),
Minimum (Zm'n):
6.5 ohms at 230 Hz
Nominal:
8 ohms
Distortion Response (on axis in standard
baffle, 10% rated input power; see Figure 6),
Second Harmonic,
100 Hz: -35 dB (1.8%)
1,000 Hz: -50 dB (0.3%)
Third Harmonic,
100 Hz: -38 dB (1.3%)
1,000 Hz: -32 dB (2.5%)
Beamwidth (angle included by 6-dB-down
points on polar responses for octave
bands of pink noise; see Figure 7),
500 Hz: 60°
1,000 Hz: 65°
2,000 Hz: 40°
1. For swept~slne-wave response In standard baffle, per
AES2·1984/ANSI S4.26-1984. see Figure 2.
Physical Constants,
Effective Piston Diameter:
266.7 mm (10.5 in.)
Effective Moving Mass (M",s):
0.039 kg (1.37 oz)
Voice-Coil Winding Depth:
15.2 mm (0.6 in.)
Voice-Coil Diameter:
63.5 mm (2.5 in.)
Voice-Coil Winding Length:
18.1 m (59.4 fl)
Top Plate Th ickness at Voice Coil:
10.9 mm (0.43 in.)
BL Factor:
17.1 tesla meter
Thiele-Small Parameters (broken in),
ts: 46 Hz
VAS: 93.7 liters (3.31 fl3)
0ES: 0.244
O",s: 5.80
0TS: 0.234
RE : 5.5 ohms
170: 3.64%
So: 0.050 m2 (78 in.2)
MMO: 0.039 kg (0.086 Ib)
L E : 2.0 mH
CMS : 0.26 mm/N
R : 2.30 mechanical ohms
p:imax)(per ANSI/EIA RS-426-A 1980):
400 watts
Xm./: 4.1 mm (0.16 in. )
X lim 3: 21.8 mm (0.86 in.)
V 0 (So X Xm.,): 1.04 liters (0.036 fl3)
Thermal Rise after Power Test:
82 °C (180 OF)
Typical Vented Enclosures (see Typical
Enclosures section):
2.0 fl3 tuned to 55 Hz or 4.0 fl3 tuned to 45 Hz
2. Xmax is the one-way peak excursion which produces 10%
THD of the current waveform when driven at f,.
3. Displacemenllimit IS the one-way peak excurSion which,
when exceeded. will cause physical damage to the drive
mechanism .
Typical Amplifier Size (see Typical
Amplifier Size section):
400-800 watts
Mounting Information (see Mounting
section),
Bolt-Hole Diameter
(eight evenly spaced holes):
7.1 mm (0.28 in.)
Bolt Circle Diameter:
294 mm (11.56 in.)
Baffle Opening Diameter
(front or rear mounting):
279 mm (11.0 in.)
Electrical Connections (see Electrical
Connections section),
Connector Type:
Push terminals for bare wires
Polarity:
A positive voltage applied to the positive
(red) terminal produces a positive
pressure at the front of the cone
Additional Descriptive Information,
Magnet Weight:
2.2 kg (4.9 Ib)
Magnet Material:
Barium ferrite
Frame:
Cast aluminum
Frame Finish:
Textured black epoxy
Plating of Steel Parts:
Bright Cadmium
Voice-Coil Material:
Aluminum
Voice-Coil Insulation:
Polyimide 220°C rating
Voice-Coil Form:
Polyimide
Back Cover:
Black, advanced synthetic elastomer
DL12Sb SPECIFICATION GRAPHICS
FIGURE 1 -
FIGURE 6 -
DL 12Sb Axial Response in Typical Enclosure
(4.0 fj3tuned to 45 Hz), 1 Watt/1 Meter
DL 12Sb Distortion in Standard Baffle at 10% Rated Input Power
120
11 0
100
v
1'1
'".E
0
90
'".E
a..
IJ
"tJ
CJl
oV
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w
80
V
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y
,
,~
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,
60
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50
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"
2nd HARMONIC--3rd HARMONIC - - -
n
I
I
I
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.
,"
DL 12Sb Frequency Response in Standard
(low diffraction) Baffle (0° and 45°)
100
h
,,
1\ , ,
70
FREQUENCY IN HERTZ
FIGURE 2 -
I~
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II
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V
I-
100
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v-
110
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•
.
~
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,
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FREQUENCY IN HERTZ
0
FIGURE 7 0
"
V
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-
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e
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---ONAXIS
- - - 45' OFF AXIS
r-
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::Ii
DL 12Sb Impedance in Standard (low diffraction) Baffle
316
I I
1111
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100
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o
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100
80
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40
30
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FREQUENCY IN HERTZ
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FIGURE 8 -
a
DL12Sb Directivity vs. Frequency (TL 12-1 E enclosure)
1 000'"
'"
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0"
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e 20
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FIGURE 9 -
DL12Sb Polar Response (TL12-1E enclosure)
o·
I
1111
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FREQUENCY IN HERTZ
Impedance in Typical Enclosure (4.0 ft' tuned to 45 Hz)
31 6
~
c:
1
T 3. ~T ~
t;l
FREQUENCY IN HERTZ
FIGURE 4 -
1I11
...:
w
FREQUENCY IN HEATZ
FIGURE 3 -
~
300
;; 200
w
"tJ
..J
DL 12Sb Beamwidth vs. Frequency (TL12-1 E enclosure)
36 0
270li-l+--H-+-H
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3.1 6
FREQUENCY IN HERTZ
FIGURE 5 -
270li-l-l+-f-+-H
DL 12Sb Dimensions
-r
180'
i
196mm
309mm
(12.17 in.)
~.:
138mm - ,
(5.45In.)~
'80'
'80"
HORIZONTAL (LONG ENCLOSURE AXIS VERTICAL)---VERTICAL --
FIGURE 1OA .1 0
DL 12Sb Predicted LowFrequency Response in a Typical
Enclosure (4.0 ft' tuned to 45 Hz)
I-
0
!ll
II
.
~-1 0
The DL 12Sb is a true high-fidelity woofer in
every sense, being capable of high output, low
distortion and solid bass response.
III
·2 o
J
II
·3 o.
. . ,.
FIGURE 108 -
- ,. - - ,-
*
FREQUENCY IN HERTZ
DL 12Sb Predicted LowFrequency Response in a Typical
Enclosure (2.0 It' tuned to 55 Hz)
.,0,.,....,.rTTTTT",,:;:,:,r-,"":'rn'm--''-rTTTlTTTIl
J
!ll
~ .,01--l:1{~++f++-+H-+1f-ttttt-+Hl+tttttt-ti
.
III
·20 / '
--NORMAL
- - - STEP DOWN
------ STEP DOWN + EO
-30u
H
smooth, musical upper-bass reproduction and
accurate low-frequency shock capability
(punch). The cone has a moisture-repellent
treatment, allowing it to be used in harsh and
humid conditions. (Do not expose the cone to
direct water or sunlight.)
M
FREQUENCY IN HERTZ
Optional Accessories:
SMH-1 mounting hardware kit
Dimensions (see Figure 5),
Outer Diameter:
309 mm (12.17 in.)
Overall Depth:
138 mm (5.45 in.)
Net Weight:
8.8 kg (19.5 Ib)
Shipping Weight:
10.0 kg (21.5 Ib)
DESCRIPTION
The DL 12Sb low-frequency reproducer is a
12-inch, 8-ohm driver designed for professional
high-level, high-fidelity monitoring and sound
reinforcement. At the heart of this speaker is a
carefully engineered drive system. This design
assures linear,low-distortion output, high power
capability and efficient heat transfer.
The DL 12Sb utilizes a deep-frame and shallowcone topology to provide a very-high peakexcursion ability of nearly one inch (0.86 in.). A
specially modified magnet structure is used so
that it is physically impossible for the voice coil
to ever hit the back plate ("bottom out"). Also,
there is added clearance between the spider
and the magnet structure, so the spider cannot
strike the magnet structure, another problem
usually encountered in woofers used for longexcursion applications. The woofer features
beryllium copper lead wires, a low-mass edgewound voice coil and high-temperature materials. The part of the magnet structure adjacent to
the coil is insulated using the exclusive EV
PROTEFTM process (U.S. Patent #4,547,632).
The coil is driven by a massive, 16-lb magnet
structure.
The voice coil itself is constructed of edgewound rectangular aluminum wire, mounted on
a rugged, laminated polyimide former. The complete assembly is low in mass and is fabricated
using the most advanced epoxies, insulations
and materials available.
Great care was taken in the selection of diaphragm materials and construction to ensure
DIRECTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
The directional characteristics of the DL 12Sb in
a 1.8-cubic-footTL 12-1 E vented enclosure were
measured in Electro-Voice's large anechoic
chamber. The test signal was one-third-octave
filtered pink noise centered at the frequencies
indicated. A full spherical measurement system. which is completely compatible with the
AcoustaCADDTM computer-aided design program, was used. All directional information was
measured at 20 feet. Figure 9 illustrates the
horizontal and vertical polar responses. Figure 7
shows the horizontal and vertical beamwidths.
Beamwidth is the angle at which the horizontal
and vertical polar responses have decreased in
level by 6 dB when compared to the axial
frequency response. Figure 8 illustrates the
total directivity of the DL 12Sb. The directivity
factor R (0) is the relative value, at a point, of
the DL 12Sb when compared to an ideal spherical response. The directivity index, D" is calculated by the formula: D, = 10 log 10 RH•
TYPICAL AMPLIFIER SIZE
The optimal amplifier size is 400-800 watts per
woofer. Amplifiers of this size will allow maximum output with minimal risk of speaker damage when properly used. Smaller amplifiers
can also be used with excellent results-the full
capabilities of the speaker will simply not be
used.
POWER-HANDLING TEST
Electro-Voice components and systems are
manufactured to exacting standards, ensuring
they will hold up, not only through the most
rigorous of power tests, but also through continued use in arduous, real-life conditions. Two
main test specifications are used: the "AES
Recommended Practice for Specification of
Loudspeaker Components Used in Professional
Audio and Sound Reinforcement" (AES2-19841
ANSI S4.26-1984) and the "EIA Loudspeaker
Power Rating Full Range" (ANSI/EIA RS-426-A
1980). Both of these specifications use noise
spectrums which mimic typical music and test
the thermal and mechanical capabilities of the
components. Electro-Voice will support relevant
additional standards as and when they become
available. Extreme, in-house power tests, which
push the performance boundaries of the components, are also performed and passed to
ensure years of trouble-free service.
Specifically, the DL 12Sb passes ANSI/EIA
RS-426-A 1980 with the following values:
RSR = 6.325 ohms (1.15 x RE)
PElM AX) = 400 watts
Test voltage = 50.3 volts rms,
100.6 volts peak
(+6 dB)
The DL 12Sb passes AES2-1984/ANSI S4.261984 with the following values:
ZMIN = 7.33 ohms at 230 Hz
PElM AX) = 400 watts
Test voltage = 54.14 volts rms,
108.3 volts peak
(+6 dB)
Selected decade = 50-500 Hz
RESPONSE IN STANDARD BAFFLE
AES requires a large, planar baffle for this test,
WHICH IS INTENDED TO SHOW SMOOTHNESS AND OFF-AXIS RESPONSE. NOT
BASS RESPONSE. This has proven to be
inconvenient and prohibitive, due to its size.
Here, we have chosen our lab-standard, lowdiffraction, 12-cubic-foot test enclosure, which
will demonstrate the same characteristics as
the AES standard baffle (see Figure 2). A
smoothed swept-sine-wave input is used for
this measurement to provide a more informative curve to the end user.
TYPICAL ENCLOSURES
The most extended and contoured lowfrequency performance with the least amount
of distortion is typically realized in properly
designed vented enclosures. In such designs,
the vent, or port. actually provides the lowest
octave of output. The vent is driven to full
acoustic output by a relatively small motion of
the speaker cone itself, acting through the air
contained within the enclosure. The excursion
of the DL 12Sb at these frequencies is much
reduced compared to sealed or open-back enclosures, directly reducing harmonic distortion
and the possibility of speaker bottoming. See
Figure 11 for maximum potential output over
the frequency range. Vented-enclosure recommendations follow, some incorporating lowfrequency equalization. Thiele-Small parameters are provided so designers can tailor the
response to suit their needs.
Normally Tuned Enclosures
See Figures 10A and 10B. Figure 10A shows
performance in a 4-cubic-foot enclosure tuned
to 45 Hz, which provides smooth response to
around 43 Hz and is usable down to 38 Hz
(-10 dB). This response is appropriate
subwoofer performance for a broad range of
contemporary music playback and sound
reinforcemnt applications. Figure 1OB showns
performance in a 2-cubic-foot enclosure. The
normal tuning of 55 Hz provides smooth response to around 54 Hz and is usable to 44 Hz
(-10 dB). The 54-Hz corner frequency and
compact, 2-cubic-foot enclosure are an excellent choice where very small system size is
important to the user. (See Step-Down Operation section for achieving 40-Hz performance in
the 2-cubic-foot enclosure).
Step-Down Operation
The "step-down" mode approximates a B6
Thiele alignment. Step-down extends system
low-frequency response by increasing amplifier power at certain frequencies instead of
enclosure size. In step-down, the enclosure is
tuned to a lower frequency than normal. This
increases system output in the region of the
new tuning frequency and reduces outputslightly
in the region of original tuning. The smoothly
falling response which results can be equalized
to provide a new system 3-dB-down point that
is about 0.7 that of the original. To achieve a
similar response extension without equalization would require an enclosure at least twice
the size.
The equalization required is a second-order
underdamped high-pass filter with a 0 of 2 at
the enclosure tuning frequency . This characteristic provides a boost of 6 dB at tuning and a
12-dB-per-octave roll-off below. The roll-off protects the woofer from overexcursion due to
subpassband signals (see below). Note that
the boost does not affect system instantaneous
peak output, which is related only to the
speaker's displacement ability and effective
diaphragm area.
ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS
The DL 12Sb is fitted with a pairofplated, framemounted connectors with color-coded ends.
Electrical connection is made by pushing down,
inserting wire completely through the rectangular slot and releaSing pressure. One conductor
of #9 stranded, #8 AWG solid, a pair of twisted
#15 AWG stranded or a pair of #14 AWG solid
conductors will fit.
The "step-down + EO" performance of the
DL 12Sb in a 2-cublc-foot enclosure shown in
Figure 1OB rivals that of the 4-cubic-foot enclosure with equalization. This requires a peak
boost frequency of 39 Hz. This equalization is
available in the Electro-Voice Dx34 digital
speaker system processor or in the XEO-3
analog crossover/equalizer/signal delay network with a custom EO module made with the
BMK blank module kit. (Instructions are included in the XEO-3 engineering data sheet.)
AES RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
The DL 12Sb's specifications conform to the
AES Recommended Practice for Specification
of Components Used in Professional Audio and
Sound Reinforcement (AES2-1984; ANSI
S4.26-1984). This recommended practice was
developed over a number of years by consultants, manufacturers and government agencies
from around the world , so that the detailed
performance information required in professional applications could be provided in a unified format. The recommended practice has
been published in the October, 1984, issue of
the Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
(vol. 26, pp. 771-780). Individual copies of the
recommended practice are available from the
Audio Engineering Society, 60 East42nd Street,
New York, New York 10165, USA. Also appearing in this issue is an article which comments on the recommended practice from an
engineering point of view (CA Henricksen,
"Engineering Justifications for Selected Portions of the AES Recommended Practice for
Specification of Loudspeaker Components,"
pp. 763-769). The comments in this article will
be particularly of interest to those not involved
in the day-to-day design and testing of loudspeakers.
SUBPASSBAND SPEAKER PROTECTION
Below the enclosure tuning frequency, cone
excursion increases rapidly. Since acoustic
output is also falling rapidly , there is no utility in
driving the system with signals much below
tuning frequency. While such signals may be in
the program material , they are often extraneous, such as a dropped microphone. The stepdown equalization described in the Step-Down
Operation section provides the required protection . If step-down equalization is not used , the
Electro-Voice EX-24, XEO-2 and XEO-3 electronic crossover/equalizers can also provide
subpassband protection. The 3-dB-down points
are 30 Hz (EX-24 and XEO-2) and 16 Hz or
32 Hz (XEO-3).
Other high-pass filters are available and onethird-octave equalizers can also be effective at
providing the required protection.
USE IN MULTIPLES
Cone loudspeakers may be stacked for greater
acoustic output and a narrower beamwidth. (It
is assumed that all cones are operating in
unison or in phase . )
At relatively low frequencies (below about
150 Hz for typical enclosures) stacking produces additional acoustic output without altering dispersion. When a common signal is applied , a 6-dB increase in maximum acoustic
output is possible.
This increase occurs because the cones "mutually couple, " acting as one cone with twice the
area (therefore, twice the efficiency) and twice
the power-handling capacity of a single cone.
This mutual coupling occurs when the frequency is such that the center-to-center distance between the two woofers is less than
about one-half wavelength.
MOUNTING
The DL 12Sb may be front- or rear-mounted
against either surface of its mounting flange
and requires a 279 mm (11 .0 in.) diameter
cutout and a 294 mm (11.56 in.) bolt circle.
Normal fasteners up to 6 mm (1 /4 in.) will fit
through the eight holes in the frame. Front
mounting is simplest using the optional SMH-1
speaker mounting kit.
I
ARCHITECTS' AND ENGINEERS'
SPECIFICATIONS
The low-frequency woofer shall have a nominal
diameterof309 mm (12.17 in.) , an overall depth
of 138 mm (5.45 in.) and weigh less than 8.8 kg
(19.5 Ib). The frame shall be constructed of
strong, deformation-resistant diecast aluminum.
The magnet assembly shall incorporate
PROTEF™ protection to increase power handling. The cone and dust dome should withstand use in damp and humid conditions. The
voice coil shall have a diameter of 64 mm
(2.5 in.), a winding depth of 15.2 mm (0.6 in.)
and be made of edge-wound aluminum ribbon .
The voice-coil former shall be made of aerospace-grade polyimide laminate and bonded
with high-temperature epoxy adhesives. The
performance specification of a representative
production unit shall be as follows: measured
sensitivity (SPL at 1 m (3.3 ft) with 1 watt input,
100- to 800-Hz pink noise) shall be in excess of
95 dB. The reference efficiency shall be at least
3.64%. The usable response shall be 38 to
4,000 Hz, and the nominal impedance shall be
8 ohms. The EIA rated power shall be 400
watts. The low-frequency transducer shall be
the Electro-Voice DL 12Sb.
Etl ELECTRO-VOICE
®
UNIFORM LIMITED WARRANTY
Electro-Voice products are guaranteed against
malfunction due to defects in materials or workmanship for a specified period, as noted in the
individual product-line statement(s) below, or in
the individual product data sheet or owner's
manual, beginning with the date of original
purchase. If such malfunction occurs during the
specified period, the product will be repaired or
replaced (at our option) without charge. The
product will be returned to the customer prepaid. Exclusions and Limitations: The Limited
Warranty does not apply to: (a) exterior finish or
appearance; (b) certain specific items described
in the individual product-line statement(s) below, or in the individual product data sheet or
owner's manual ; (c) malfunction resulting from
use or operation of the product other than as
specified in the product data sheet or owner's
manual; (d) malfunction resulting from misuse
or abuse of the product; or (e) malfunction
occurring at any time after repairs have been
made to the product by anyone other than
Electro-Voice or any of its authorized service
representatives.Obtaining Warranty Service:
To obtain warranty service, a customer must
deliver the product, prepaid, to Electro-Voice or
any of its authorized service representatives
together with proof of purchase of the product in
the form of a bill of sale or receipted invoice. A
list of authorized service representatives is
available from Electro-Voice at 600 Cecil Street,
Buchanan, MI 49107 (616/695-6831 or 800/
234-6831). Incidental and Consequential
Damages Excluded: Product repairor replacement and return to the customer are the only
remedies provided to the customer. ElectroVoice shall not be liable for any incidental or
consequential damages including, without limitation , injury to persons or property or loss of
use . Some states do not allow the exclusion or
limitation of incidental or consequential damages so the above limitation or exclusion may
not apply to you. Other Rights: This warranty
gives you specific legal rights , and you may
also have other rights which vary from state to
state.
Electro-Voice Speakers and Speaker Systems are guaranteed against malfunction due
to defects in materials or workmanship for a
period of five (5) years from the date of original
purchase. The Limited Warranty does not apply
to burned voice coils or malfunctions such as
cone and/or coil damage resulting from Improperly designed enclosures. Electro-Voice active
electronics associated with the speaker systems are guaranteed for three (3) years from
the date of original purchase. Additional details
are included in the Uniform Limited Warranty
statement.
Service and repair address for this product:
Electro-Voice , Inc., 600 Cecil Street, Buchanan,
Michigan 49107 (616/695-6831 or 800/2346831).
Specifications subject to change without notice.
aMARKIVcompony 600 Cecil Street, Buchanan, Michigan 49107
NEWPORT, TN • SEVIERVILLE, TN n OKLAHOMA CITY , OK • GANANOQUE, ONT.
MANUFACTURING PLANTS AT .. BUCHANAN , MI •
© Electro-Voice, Inc. 1995 • Litho In U.S.A.
Part Number 532783 -
9535
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