PENTAX TH 20D, TH 20DC, TH 10D, TH 10DC, TH 06D, TH 60S, TH 60E Theodolite INSTRUCTION MANUAL

 PENTAX
THEODOLITES SERIES
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
TH20D/TH20D C/TH10D/TH10 DC/THO6D/TH 60S/TH6OE
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Pentax theodolites are of the highest quality and design. We would therefore
recommend that you read the instruction manual very carefully so that you will
appreciate the full capabilities of your Pentax precision instrument and ensure
years of trouble-free operation.
Contents Page
1. Notes on Care of Pentax Theodolrtes ........................—e.eeee 3
2, Specifications .………...……..…1…rsranseemenenneannennnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnn 5
3. Description of Parts …. 7
4. Standard Equipment and Accessories … 10
5. Operating Instructions ||
6. Maintenance and Packing ....... 38
7. Precautions .................... RE ETEE 39
8. Inspection and Adjustment ................. 40
9. Applications and Specifications of Optional Accessories OT 48
1. Notes on Care of Pentax Theodolites
To prevent accidental damage to your equipment, please adhere to the following
notes which have been constructed to help you in maintaining your instrument in
a precise functioning condition.
1. Unpacking
When unpacking the instrument and accessories from their container, please re-
member how they are positioned so that repacking may be performed correctly.
The instrument should always be held with two hands after being removed from
its container, and held firrniy with one hand when mounting on a tripod. Refer to
page 38 for the correct operation of packing the instrument.
2. Setting up
When instaliing or removing the instrument on or from the tripad, the instrument
should be held firmly at all times. The instrument should never be left on the tri-
pod without being fixed securely by the center screw located on the tripod. To en-
sure correct compatibility with the instrument, always use a Pentax tripod. Before
installing the two 1.5V(UM-3} penlight batteries into their compartment, make sure
that the instrument is mounted firmly on a tripod. The batteries should be inserted
in the correct fashion, as described on page 19 section 5, or the lighting device will
not operate.
3. Checking
Before using the instrument to take measurements, it should be examined by fol-
lowing the procedure outlined in section 8 of this manual. If there are any adjust-
ments necessary, these should be carried out immediately or the equipment
returned to your dealers for servicing where applicable. This procedure is always
necessary regardless of the equipment age. Regular servicing of precision instru-
ments is always advisable. Plese consult your dealers for this information,
4. Transportation
Make sure that instruments are firmly secured in position when in transit so that
they cannot be damaged by movement in the trunk of a car or rear of a van. The
instrument should be separated from other equipment by using materials to
prevent damage from impact or shock. It is recommended that an experienced
person be used to pack the instrument for long journeys. Insurance coverage
should be considered when transporting precision instrurnents over a great
distance.
5. Storage
Your Pentax instrument should be stored in a dry and dust-free room which is not
subject to large variations in temperature. if the instrument 15 to be stored for a
long period of time, the batteries in the lighting device should be removed from
their compartment to prevent battery leakage and eventual damage to the
instrument. Remember to remove the instrument from its container occasionally
во that air may be allowed to circulate freely around the instrument thus preven-
ting corrosion.
2. Specifications
| | TH-20D TH-20DC |. TH-10D
| Telescope Но |
| Type Erecting analactic optics
Length | 163 mm
Magnification 30X |
| Effective Aperture 42 mm |
| Field of View 2.3 mat 100 m (23 feet at 100 feet) В
| Minimum Focus 1.3m N =
Stadia Ratio 1:100 o |
Stadia Constant o |
Resalving Power 3
Circles
Diameter Hz: 78 mm V:78 mm
Graduation 1’ ог 15 | 1" | 1" or 1G
Optical Micro Scala 20" ar 50ce | 20" | 10" or 20cc
| Optical Scale _— _ i
Estimation 5" or 10cc | 5" | "or Acc |
Sensitivity of Vials
Telescope Vial — | 40"/2 mm — |
Plate Vial 30/2 mm | 60/2 тит 302mm |
Circular Vial 8'/2 mm
| Vertical Circle Indexing | |
| Type | Automatic | — | Automatic |
| Range | +5’ | — | +5
Optical Plummet
Type Erect В
Range 0.5 m to infinity _
Magnification 3X |
| Field View 12 ст at 1.4 m
| Compass . | a
Type | Tubular |
Needle Length | 50 mm | |
_Dimensions 8: Weight _ . Ш
Height 305 mm “289mm 305 mm
Width 160 mm 160 mm | 163 mm
Length 153 mm
Waight 4.0 kg | 3.6 kg _40kg _
Case _ . —]
Height 380 mm |
| Width 240 mm Ш
Length 210mm | ви
‘Weight _ 3.5 kg |
Lighting Device Built-in type with the 30 seconds Auto Power OFF device
Light Source _ Green LED В _
Power Source Two 1.5 V (UM-3) Penlight batteries |
' EDM and Hand-grip mounting base
Width |
94 mm
Tripod Attaching Screw
Type |
5/8" x 11 | 5/8" x 11
I 1-3и8” х 13
5
0 тнлоос_ | TH-06D | THeos | TH6OE
| Talescor escope
Type Erecting "Erecting analactic optics _
Length 153 mim _ |
Magnification ___ 30X _ E“
_ Effective Aperture 42 mm __
| Field of View | _ 2,3 m at 100 m (23 feet at 100 feet) _
Minimum Foçus 1.3m
Stadia Ratio _ 1:100 i
__ Stadia Constant | ~~ _ 00 0
Resolving Power 3"
Circles | I _ _ . —]
| Diameter _ _ _ Hz: 78mm__ V:78mm —
Graduation | _ 1° 1 or 1G
Optical Micro Scale | 10" 6" о
Optical Scale — | 1" or 0.1¢ce
Estimation | 2" a 0.1 9r0.1c0 —
Sensitivity of Vials _ |
Telescope Vial _| — = | _ 40"/2 mm
Plate Vial 30"2 mm 30/2mm | 302mm 60" zmm_ |
CirgularVial | = 8/2mm
Vertical Circle Indexing — — |
| Type Automatic — Automatic —
Range +5' 15 —
Optical Plummet I _
Type Erect
— Range ____0.5 m to infinity
Magnification 3X
Field View _ | 12cmat1.4m —
| Compass i
Type . Tubular | _ —
Needle Length 50mm —
Dimensions & Weight
| Height | 289 mm 305 mm __ 305 mm 289 mm
| Width 163 mm 163 mm. 152 mm 152 mm
| Length " mm a mm
Weight ] | 36kg Ókg | 40kg | 36kg
Case
Height | 380 тит
Width __ _ | 240 mm
_ Length || _ 210 mm ;
© Weight Ñ 389 o
Lighting Device Built in type with the 30 seconds Auto Power OFF device
Light Source — Green LED
|__ Power Source Two 1.5 V (UM-3) Penlight batteries
EDM and Hand-grip mounting base
_Width
94 mm
od 1-38" x13 |
& —
sx
3. Description of Parts
1. TH-20DC and TH-10DC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
12
13
14
15
Hand-grip
Telescope vial (TH-20DC only)
Magnetic needle release knob
Objective lens
Collimator sight
Plate vial (with cover)
Circle rotation ring
Lower clamp screw
Leveling screw
Hand-grip detaching screw
Battery box
Lighting window
Light switch
Lower tangent screw
Bottom plate
16 E.D.M. mounting studs
17 Focusing knob
18 Telescope eyepiece
19 Circle reading eyepiece
20 Optical plummet eyepiece
21 Circle display window
22 Upper clamp screw
23 Circular vial
24 Reticle Nlumination
25 Compass
26 Micro knob
27 Telescope clamp screw
28 Telescope tangent screw
29 Upper tangent screw
30 Shifting plate locking knob
2. TH-20D, TH-10D and TH-06D
1 Hand-grip
3 Magnetic needle release knob
4 Objective lens
5 Collimator sight
6 Plate vial (with cover)
7 Circle rotation ring
8 Lower clamp screw
9 Leveling screw
10 Hand-grip detaching screw
11 Battery box
12 Lighting window
13 Light switch
14 Lower tangent screw
15 Bottom plate
16 E.D.M. mounting studs
17 Focusing knob
18 Telescope eyepiece
19 Circle reading eyepiece
20 Optical plummet
21 Circle display window
22 Upper clamp screw
23 Circular vial
24 Reticle illumination knob
25 Compass
26 Micro knob
27 Telescope clamp screw
28 Telescope tangent screw
29 Upper tangent screw
31 Tribrach locking knob
3. TH-605 and TH-60E
E AD
9
10
11
12
13
@
Hand-grip
Magnetic needle release knob
Objective lens
Collimator sight
Plate vial {with cover}
Circle rotation ring
Lower clamp screw
Leveling screw
Hand-grip detaching screw
Battery box
Lighting window
Light switch
14 Lower tangent screw
15
Bottom plate
16
17
18
19
21
E.D.M. mounting studs
Focusing knob
Telescope eyepiece
Circle reading eyepiece
Optical plummet
Circle display window
Upper clamp screw
Circular vial
Reticle illumination
Compass (TH-60S only)
Telescope clamp screw
Telescope tangent screw
Upper tangent screw
Tribrach locking screw
(TH-605 only)
4. Standard Equipment and Accessories
Pentax Theodolites are packaged complete with the standard accessories, as
listed below. If any of these accessories are not included with your instrument,
please inform your dealers immediately.
Carrying Case 1
Lens Cap 1
Lens Hood 1
Plumb Bob 1
Plumb Bob Hook (TH-20DC & TH-10DC only) nee... 1
1
1
1
Screwdrivers (large & small)
Adjusting Pin
Cleaning Brush
1.5V(UM-3) Penlight Batteries (Packs of 2) cine, 2 sets
The following optional accessories are available for use with your theodolite.
Tripod
Target Sets
Diagonal Eyepiece
Eyepiece Filter
Please refer to section 9 for applications and specifications of these accessories.
All accessories are available from stock from your dealers.
5. Operating Instructions
1. Preparation for surveying
(1) When coarse centering is performed using a plumb hob
1} Setting up the instrument and the tripod
. 1. Adjust the tripod legs so that a height suitable for surveying is obtained when
the instrument is set on the tripod.
{For TH-20DC and TH-10DC only)
2. Set the theodolite on the tripod head. Screw the center screw into the tripod
clamp screw of the theodolite, finger tight.
3. Fix the shifting device after setting it to almost the center of the shifting range.
4. Pass the plumb bob hook through the hole in the center screw, and hang it on
the ring located at the center of the theodolite lower end. Adjust the length of
the string so that the tip of the plumb bob is close to the station center.
un
- Move the theodolite by pushing the bottom plate with the fingertips. When
the tip of the plumb bob coincides with the station, tighten the center screw
securely.
Instrument
Bottom plate
Tripod head
Center
screv
Fig. 1 Fig. 2
(For TH-20D, TH-10D, TH-06D and TH-605)
2.
2)
—
Hang the plumb bob on the hook of the tripod, and carry out coarse centering
with the station on the ground. At this time, set the tripod and fix the metal
shoe firmly into the ground so that the tripod head is as level as possible, the
center screw is at the center of its moving range, and the plumb bob coincides
the station on the ground.
. If the tripod head is disturbed by the action of fixing the metal shoe into the
ground, correct the level by extending or retracting each leg of the tripod.
Leveling with the circular vial
_ By adjusting two leveling screws selected at random, position the bubble in the
center of the vial (see Fig. 3 (A) }. (To adjust the screws at the same time, turn
them in opposite directions.)
. Adjust the remaining leveling screw, and position the bubble in the center of
the circle (see Fig. 3 (B) ). For the relation between the screw adjusting direction
and bubble moving direction, see the arrow marks in (A) and (B) of Fig. 3.
Leveling screw
Leveling screw Bubble Circle
(A) (B)
Fig. 3
3) Leveling with the plate vial
1. Place the plate vial in parallel with a line joining any two of the leveling screws.
Adjust the two screws, and position the bubble in the center of the level {A of
Fig. 4). {To adjust the screws at the same time, turn them in opposite directi-
ons.)
=#— _— Leveling screw
Plate vial
> | —— Plate vial
\ YN 7
U о
(A) (B)
Fig. 4
2. Rotate the plate vial through 90 around the vertical axis. Adjust the remaining
leveling screw so that the bubble comes to the center of the plate vial (see Fig. 4
(B) ).
3. Repeat 1 and 2 by rotating the plate vial through 90° so that the bubble is posit-
ioned in the center when the plate vial is moved in any direction.
* Sec arrows in Fig. 4 (A) and (B) for the relation between the direction of
leveling screw rotation and the bubble shifting direction.
e |f the bubble is not positioned stably in the center in 3 even after repeating 1
and 2, “Adjustment of the plate vial”is necessary (see Page 40, 1
“Perpendicularity of Plate Vial to Vertical Axis”)
4) Centering with the optical plummet
After 1,2 and 3 are completed, center correctly in the following manner using
optical plummet.
1. First remove the plumb bob. Look through the optical plummet eyepiece, and
rotate the eyepiece knob until the center mark can be seen clearly.
— 13
2. Rotate the focusing knob of the optical plummet and adjust the focus to the
station on the ground.
Focusing knob .
Optical plummet ry
Center mark
Alidade
Shifting plate
locking knob
D
Fig. 5 Fig. 6
(For TH-20DC and TH-10DC)
3. Loosen the shifting plate locking knob. Look through the optical plummet eye-
piece, and push the alidade with the fingertips so that the reticle coincides with
the station.
4, Tighten the shifting plate locking knob. Ascertain that the bubble stays posi-
tioned in the center when rotating the plate vial position in steps of 90° If the
bubble is not position in the center, adjust the leveling screw.
(For TH-20D, TH-10D, TH-06D and TH-605)
3. Loosen the center screw of the tripod. Look through the optical plummet, and
move the bottom plate on the tripod head taking care to avoid rotating the
instrument until the center mark coincides with the station.
4. Tighten the center screw, and ascertain that the bubble stays positioned in the
center when rotating the plate vial in steps of 90% If the bubble is not posi-
tioned in the center of the plate vial, adjust the leveling screw.
* The focusing device permits focusing from 0.5m to æ with the optical
plummet.
| Focusing knob
Plate vial - | MT p Optical plummet eyepiece
Bottom plate
Tripod head
(2) When coarse centering is not performed using a plumb bob
1) Setting up the instrument and tripod
1. Adjust the tripod so that a height suitable for surveying is obtained with
enough extension/contraction margin left when the instrument is set on the
tripod. Extend the tripod legs and fix the metal shoe firmly into the ground so
that the tripod center is directly on the station observing it by eye.
2. Set the theodolite on the tripod head
2) Centering and leveling with the optical plummet
1. Look through the optical plummet eyepiece, and rotate the eyepiece until the
center mark can be clearly seen.
2. Rotate the focusing knob of the optical plummet and focus on the station.
3. Look through the optical plurninet, and rotate the three leveling screws to tilt
the instrument so that the center mark coincides with the station.
4. Adjust the length of each tripod leg by extending or contracting it, and position
the bubble of the circular vial in the center of the circle. (When doing this, place
a foot on the metal shoe of the tripod to hold it in that position.) (see Fig. 9)
A ÿ Focusing knob
Un y
Optical plummet
eyepiece
= Leveling screw
Tripod head
Fig. 8
3) Leveling with the plate vial
1. Level the instrurnent as indicated in 3) “Leveling with the plate vial” on page
13.
— 16
2. After leveling the instrument , readjust the center by moving the instrument on
the tripod head if necessary.
{3) Miscellaneous
1) Centering to an overhead station
The instrument can be centered to an overhead station by adjusting the center
of the collimator sight to the tip of the plumb bob suspended from an overhead
station on a roof or ceiling.
1. Suspend the plumb bob from the overhead station. Set the tripod so that the
center of the tripod head is placed right under the station.
2. Mount the instrument with the hand-grip removed on the center of the tripod
head, and level the instrument. With the TH-20DC and TH-10DC, set the shifting
device to almost the center of its moving range and fix there beforehand.
3. Set the vertical circle to 90° ar 270°. (270° only for TH-20DC)
(For TH-20DC and TH-10DC)
4. Loosen shifting plate locking knob and push the alidade with the fingertips so
that the center rnark of the collimator sight coincides with the tip of the plumb
bob.
5. Tighten the shifting plate locking knob and check if the bubble of the plate vial
is positioned in the center.
Collimator sight
Center mark
Fig. 10
— 1 7—
(For TH-20D, TH-10D, TH-06D and TH-505)
4.
Loosen the center screw, and move the bottom plate on the tripod head taking
care to avoid rotating the instrument so that the center mark of the collimator
sight coincides with the tip of the plumb bob.
. Tighten the center screw, and rotate the plate vial in steps of 90° to ascertain
that the bubble stays positioned in the center. If the bubble is not in the center,
adjust the leveling screw.
2)
—
"
Ma
La
Lighting device
Press the ON button of the light switch to read the circles. The lighting will
automatically turn off about 30 seconds after depression of the ON button to
save battery power (Auto Power OFF Function).
If the circle is dark and hard to read even if the ON button is pressed, the
battery is worn out and must be replaced.
To replace the battery, remove the battery cover, and replace batteries.
. Insert new batteries, making sure that their polarities are as shown in the box.
Always replace both batteries.
. Before going out on survey work, be sure to check that the batteries are insta-
led.
If no batteries are available, direct light on to the window located above the
light switch (ON button) using a sheet of white paper.
When the instrument is not going to be used for a time, remove the batteries
from the battery box.
If the instrument is left for a long time with the batteries in it, the batteries will
leak and damage the interior of the instrument.
Lighting window
Light switch
Fig. 11
3) Attachment and Detachment of Tribrach
(except for TH-20DC, TH-10DC and TH-60E)
The tribrach is detachable from the instrument if required: when replacing the
instrument with a target for traversing or exchanging with an electronic distance
meter for example.
A Detachment
First loosen the recessed screw with a screwdriver. Then rotate the locking knob
until the arrow points upward, and lift the instrument up.
B Attachment
Mount the instrument on the tribrach with the guide marks coinciding, and rotate
the locking knob until the arrow points downward.
e When the tribrach does not need to be attached or detached or it is to be trans-
ported, tighten the recessed screw with a screwdriver to fix the locking knob.
— Instrument
Tribrach
Guide mark
Recessed screw
(2) Surveying
1) Eyepiece adjustment
1.
Remove the telescope lens cap, and attach the lens, hood, if necessary.
. Point the telescope at a bright object, and rotate the eyepiece ring fully counter-
clockwise.
. Look through the eyepiece, and rotate the eyepiece ring clockwise until the
reticle appears as its maximum sharpness.
Reticle pattern
i ; Vertical hairs
|
Optical axis (double)
Stadia hairs
Vertical hair
(single)
Horizontal hair
Fig. 13
2) Object sighting
1.
Point the telescope at the object using the collimator sight. Tighten all clamp
screws. (With the TH-20DC, use the tips of the telescope spirit level adjusting
screws as a foresight and a backsight.)
- Look through the telescope eyepiece and finely adjust the focusing knob until
the object is perfectly focused. If focusing is correct, the cross hairs will not
move in relationship to the object when you move your eye slightly left and
right while looking through the eyepiece. This will elirninate any parallax.
. Turn each tangent screw to correctly align the cross hairs on the object.
Turh the focusing knob clockwise to focus on a near object. Turn the knob co-
unterclockwise to focus on a far object.
When aligning to an object using the tangent screw, always align by rotating
the screw clockwise. If the screw is turned past the object, turn it counterclo-
ckwise to the original position and then turn the screw clockwise to align the
cross hair on the object.
Press the light switch ON button when a measurement is to be taken at night
or in dark places such as tunnels,
The reticle is illuminated by the built-in lighting device. (The brightness can be
adjusted with the reticle illumination knob.)
When no illumination is heeded on the reticle, set the reticle illumination knob
to mid travel.
Collimator sight
A i a Arona Reticle illumination
Focusing knob knob
22—
3) Horizontal sighting
When performing horizontal sighting in direct leveling and in setting up horizontal
surfaces, the method is different with the TH-20DC and other models. The distance
from the instrument to the objects should be set as near equal as possible.
(For the TH-20DC)
Level the instrument, and then center the telescope bubble by adjusting the teles-
cope tangent screw.
¢ Whenever the telescope is pointed at a new object for sighting, make sure that
the bubble is in the center of the telescope. If itis not in the center, perform the
sighting after correcting the bubble position by adjusting the telescope tangent
screw.
(For instruments other than TH-20DC)
Level the instrument, and then look through the circle reading eyepiece and set
the vertical angle (V) to 90° 0’ 0”.
# Jo set the vertical angle (V) to 90° 0' 0”, first set the micro number to 00° 00”
with the micro knob, and then operate the telescope tangent screw so that the
graduation line of the circle number 90° is interposed between the index lines.
(With the TH-605, coincide the 90° graduation line with the 0° graduation.)
Circle reading eyepiece
Telescope vial Micro knob
py
Fig. 15 Fig. 16
—23—
* Whenever the telescope is pointed to a new object for sighting, correct the ver-
tical angle (V) by operating the telescope tangent screw.
® For reading the circle, refer to (3) “Angle Measurement”.
4) Setting up straight lines
A line joining points collimated to an object, near or distant, is a straight line. This
fact is used in setting up straight lines. Setting up a point C on the straight line AB
is carried out as follows.
Ci
(2) ae
D 1. O
A— E и E Do »
В @ 7
Ca
—
. Set up the instrument at point B on the straight line and level it. Then, sight
point A.
Po
. Loosen the telescope clamp screw and reverse the telescope on its horizontal
axis. Set a point on the line of sight and call it paint C1.
3. Loosen the upper clamp screw and rotate the instrument about its vertical axis
and sight on point A again.
4. Loosen the telescope clamp screw and reverse the telescope on its horizontal
axis again. Set a point on the line of sight and call it point Cz.
5. Set point C in the center of points C1 and Ca. This point B and C is an extension
of the straight line AB.
— 24 —
5) Setting up vertical lines
When the instrument is leveled and the telescope rotated about its horizontal axis,
the line of sight generates a vertical plane, and a vertical line can thus be set up.
Setting up a point B on the perpendicular at point A is carried out as follows.
1. Set the instrument on a point P at a distance equal to or longer than AB. Level
the instrument and sight point A.
2. Loosen the telescope clamp screw. Point the telescope upward at the same
angle as point B and set a point on the line (point Bi).
3. Move the instrument to a point which is at right angles to line AP and at the
same distance as AP from point A. Level the instrument and sight point A.
4. Loosen the telescope clamp screw, and point the telescope upward at the same
angle as point B and set a point on the line {point Bz),
5. Set the point B at the crossing point of the extended lines of Bı and Bs. The line
joining A and B is perpendicular,
-
`
"o
ne О 1
hu? +
A Ta PR = .
MEE TE co.
fi _ a ee, un Te a
P
Fig. 18 Р
* When sighting point A in procedures 1 and 3, be sure that the bubble is in
the center of the plate vial.
e When more precise results are required, repeat 1, 2 and 3, 4 respectively using
the telescope in the normal and reverse positions. And set Br and Bs at the cen-
ters of the points obtained using the telescope in the normal and reverse pos-
itions,
¢ The telescope normal position means the state where the vertical circle is
seen on the left of the telescope eyepiece. The reverse position is the state
where the vertical circle is seen on the right of the eyepiece.
6) Stadia surveying
The stadia hairs (Fig. 13) on the reticle provide the method of measuring distance
and height from the instrument center to a leveling rod.
¢ Calculations are easy since the stadia addition constant is O.
When the line of sight is inclined
When the line of slight is horizontal
Г
||| |
Th J I
—. !
/ 3
| /, Ih | HT
/ |
TT | ALTA. Ih
5 5
S=100f cos20 5=100£
Fig. 19 ) Ва.
7 h=50é sin26 19. 20 h=Ih-Th
= DT fn
Ih:
Th:
(Ih=Th)
: Horizontal distance
: Difference in elevation
: Vertical angle
: Difference in top and bottom
stadia hair readings
Instrument height
Line of sight reading
(3) Angle Measurement
(TH-20DC and TH-20D)
V=84" 32 40”
H=326" 46 20°
Fig. 21
27 —
(TH-10DC and TH-10D)
Vv=75" 34 40
+ 4 Micro operation
H 183 25 30°
Fig. 22
(TH-06D)
V 58 25 48
H= 204" 38 36”
Fig. 23
1) Reading the horizontal circle (H) (excluding TH-605 and TH-60E)
1.
1.
Press the light switch ON button. Look through the circle reading eyepiece, and
rotate the eyepiece ring so that the circle graduations are clearly seen.
. Turn the optical micrometer knob until one of the index lines of the H mark
seen in the lower part of the field of view comes to the center of two graduation
lines (Fig. 21 to 23, B).
. Read the circle number for the H mark and the micro number in the right side of
the field of view, and take them as the measured values of the horizontal angle.
(326° 46'20" in case of Fig. 21, B)
(183° 25'30" in case of Fig. 22, B)
(204° 3836" in case of Fig. 23, B)
Make the eyepiece adjustment described in 1 in the same way as telescope
eyepiece adjustment in 2) “Observation”.
Since the optical system is designed to read two diametrically opposite sides of
the circle, readings can be taken with no eccentric error.
2) Reading the vertical circle (V) (excluding TH-605 and TH-60E)
Press the light switch ON button. Look through the circle reading eyecpiece,
and rotate the eyepiece ring so that the circle graduations are clearly seen.
Turn the optical micrometer knob until one graduation line comes to the center
of the two index lines of the V mark seen in the upper part of the field of view.
(Fig. 21 to 23, A)
- Read the circle number for the V mark and the micro number in the right side of
the field of view, and take them as the measured values of the vertical angle.
(84° 3240" in Fig. 21, A)
(75° 3440" in Fig. 22, A)
(587 2548” in Fig. 23, A)
* Make the eyepiece adjustment in 1 in the same way as telescope eyepiece
adjustment in 2) “Observation”,
& When the telescope line of sight is horizontal, the vertical circle will show 80° or
270°. Viewed from the vertical circle, reading will increase counterclockwise (0°
at the zenith).
* The instrument leveling error (Within 5”) will be corrected by the automatic corn-
pensator. (The automatic compensator is not provided on the TH-20DC.)
3) Reading the horizontal (H) and vertical circle (V) on the TH-605 and TH-60E
1. Press the light switch ON button. Look through the circle reading eyepiece, and
rotate the eyepiece ring so that the circle graduations are clearly seen.
2. Read the scale graduations indicated by the circle number and graduation line,
and take them as the measured value. In this case, read the scale graduations
down to 1/10 of one graduation, that is 0.1".
Vertical circle
number
60 -5D 40 10 u
Scale graduation
2 number when
5 3 turning clockwise
Horizontal circle
Creo 50 úl 30 20 10 Lau" Scale graduation
бен омофор лее balan bon
0 10 20 30 40 50
C4 60 when turning
3 6 clockwise
Horizontal circle number when Scale graduation when
turning counterclockwise —_
Fig. 24
tuming counterclockwise
A
4)
—
Reading the horizonal circle (H) (in Fig. 24)
Angle when turning counterclockwise: 306° 22.2 (3067 22” 17")
Angle when turning clockwise: 53° 37.8" (53° 37’ 48")
Reading the vertical circle (V) (in Fig. 24)
92° 27.6" (92° 27’ 30")
Make the eyepiece adjustment described in 1 in the same way as telescope
eyepiece adjustment in 2) “Observation”.
When the telescope line of sight is horizontal, the vertical circle will show 90° or
270°, Viewed from the vertical circle, reading will increase counterclockwise (0°
at the zenith).
The instrument leveling error (within 5”) will be corrected by the automatic com-
pensator.
Setting the horizontal circle
. Loosen each clamp screw, and turn the circle rotating ring so that the circle
mark corresponding to the desired angle appears in the display window.
. Look through the circle reading eyepiece and set the number for the desired
angle (circle number} in the field of view, and tighten the upper clamp screw.
. Turn the optical micrometer knob and set the micrometer number to the
desired angle number. (This operation is not done on the TH-605.)
— Circle mark
Circle rotating ring
Fig. 25
TE
4, Turn the upper tangent screw so that the index line cornes to the center of the
graduation lines of the circle numbers. (With the TH-605, turn the upper tan-
gent screw and set the scale graduation to the number of the desired angle.)
5) Angle measurement
1. Set the instrument over the point, leve! it and read the horizontal circle,
2. Sight the first object accurately.
3. Point the telescope to the second object accurately.
4. Read the horizontal angle (a1) and obtain the difference with the reading (ao) of
3. Then, the angle (a) made by the first and second objects can be obtained.
If the above method is repeated with the telescope in the normal and reversed
positions to obtain the average of the two measurements, a more accurate
result can be obtained.
First object
Second object
Fig. 26
6) Angle measurement by repetition
Since the vertical axis of the instrument is of the double axis independent type, a
greater accuracy in angle measurement can be obtained by the repetition method.
Angle measurement by the repetition method is done as follows after setting the
horizontal circle.
1. Point the telescope to the first object and sight it precisely. Read the horizontal
angle, and record it.
2. Sight the second object precisely. Read the horizontal angle, and record it.
3. Repeat the procedures from 1 by loosening the lower clamp screw and teles-
cope clamp screw.
4. Count repetition of the procedures 1 and 2 as one repetition. Obtain the angle
(a) made by the first and second object using the following formula:
Cde”) First object
Co: First reading in procedure 1
@, : Last reading in procedure 2 Un Second object
n: Number of repetitions Fig. 27
* The number of repetitions is usually a multiple of 3.
e It is sufficient to record only the first co angle and the last an angle readings on
the horizontai circle, but recording the reading taken each time in procedure 2
makes it possible to check if an error has occurred in the intermediate opera-
tion,
e If the above repetition method is repeated with the telescope in the normal and
reversed positions to find the average of the two measurements, a more accu-
rate result can be obtained.
7) Angle measurement by the direction method
1.
Set the instrument over the angle measurement base, level it and set the
horizontal! circle in the neighborhood of 0”.
. Place the telescope in the direction of “1” in the normal position, and sight it
precisely. Read the horizontal angle.
. Sight 2 precisely. Read the horizontal angle.
. In the same way, observe the directional angles 3, 4 and 5 clockwise in turn.
(Fig. 28)
Fig. 28 Normal position Fig. 28 Reversed position
Reverse the telescope, and sight “5” precisely. Read the horizontal angle.
. In the same way, observe the directional angles 4, 3, 2 and 1 counterclockwise
in turn (Fig. 29). The above is called a “one pair observation“.
Usually “two pair observations” are performed.
For second pair observation, the circle position is rotated through 90° and
observation made in the same manner as for the first pair.
The number of observation directions is limited to six.
* The surn of seconds for observation in the same direction in the same pair
cna Double angle
Difference in seconds for observation in the same direction in the same
pair ........ Range
Difference in double angle between first and second pairs ....... Double angle
range
Difference in ranges between first and second pairs ........ Observation range
8) Setting up horizontal angle
When setting up a fixed angle from a set point in civil engineering and other
works, first set the horizontal circle at an arbitrary angle near 0°, and proceed as
follows:
1. Point the telescope to the set point, and sight the set point precisely. Read the
horizontal angle.
2. Determine the set angle for the horizontal circle by adding the fixed angle to the
reading at the set point,
3. Loosen the upper clamp screw, and rotate the instrument around the vertical
axis so that the circle mark corresponding to the set angle appears in the displ-
ay window.
4. Look through the circle reading eyepiece, and set the set angle {circle number)
in the field of view. Tighten the upper clamp screw.
5. Turn the optical micrometer knob and take the reading on the micrometer as
the reading of the set angle.
{This is not done on the TH-605 and TH-GOE) _
6. Turn the upper tangent screw so that the index line comes to the center
between two graduation lines of the circle number.
(With the TH-60S, turn the upper tangent screw and take the reading of the
scale graduation as the reading of the set angle.)
7. Adjust the vertical direction of the telescope by turning the telescope clamp
screw and telescope tangent screw. Mark the point focused and sight through
the telescope, and take it as a set point.
9) Measuring compass angles
When the compass needle is set between the two lines in the compass indicator,
the telescope always sights the magnetic north in the normal position . Thus, me-
asurement or setting up of compass angles can be performed. Compass angles
are measured as follows:
1, Set the horizontal circle at an arbitrary position near o.
2. Rotate the magnetic needle clamp knob to free the needle.
3. Loosen the lower clamp screw, and rotate the instrument around its vertical ax-
15. Find the position where the needle comes to the compass indicator lines.
4. Tighten the lower clamp screw. Turn the lower tangent screw so as to position
the needle in the center of the two compass indicator lines (Fig. 30).
5. Read the horizontal angle, and take it as the reading of magnetic north.
6. Sight the object station precisely.
7. Read the horizontal angle. Calculate the difference between it and the reading
of the magnetic north obtained in 5, and take the result as the compass angle of
the object.
Compass indicator
Fig. 30
® The magnetic needle clamp knob ray be turned either to the left or right, The
needle is locked and freed alternately at each click stop.
® Be sure to make the north as 0° to find an angle, and obtain angles clockwise.
* When finding the true north angles, local magnetic deviation must be corrected.
e After using the compass, always turn the needle clamp knob to lock the needle.
6. Maintenance and Packing
1} Maintenance
1. After using the instrument, wipe off dust and moisture and store it in its case.
2. When cleaning the exposed parts, first remove dust with the cleaning brush,
then gently wipe with a soft cloth.
3. To clean the lens surfaces, first remove dust with the cleaning brush, then gent-
ty wipe with a clean cotton cloth to which a small amount of alcohol has been
applied. Be sure the cloth used is clean.
2} Packing
Pack the instrument in the plastic case as follows.
1. Set the telescope almost horizontal, and tighten the upper clamp screw and te-
lescope clamp screw, lightly.
2. Align the yellow dots, and tighten lower clamp screw, lightly.
3. Insert the instrument correctly into the case with the yellow dots towards you.
(Fig. 31)
A. Close the case lid and lock the clamp. (Fig. 32)
e Insert the accessories as shown in Fig. 31.
Adjusting tool set
Lens hood
7.
Precautions
For highly accurate surveying, shade the instrument and tripod from direct
sunlight.
Handle the instrument carefully while taking measurements. Always avoid
using excessive force,
Except when illuminating the cross hairs, always set the reticle illumination
lever to the mid point.
Take care to avoid turning the tnibrach locking knob accidentally or forgetting to
fasten it.
Keep in a dry place.
Take care to avoid subjecting the instrument to shocks or vibration during tran-
sportation.
Should dirt, etc., appear inside the lens, never attempt to disassemble the
instrument yourself. Consult a specialist.
Should faults arise as a result of dropping the instrument or other accidents,
never force the pans or disassemble the instrument yourself. Have it repaired
by a specialist.
Always make sure that the tripod is not defective.
—
—
2
Inspection and Adjustment
. Perpendicularity of Plate Vial to Vertical Axis
Inspection
. Align the plate vial in parallel with a line joining any two of the leveling screws.
Then, adjust the two screws to center the bubble in the vial,
. Rotate the plate vial through 90° around the vertical axis. Adjust the remaining
one leveling screw to bring the bubble to the center.
. Rotate the plate vial through 180° around the vertical axis.
. No adjustment is necessary if the bubble of the plate vial is in the center.
—
Plate vial Plate vial
Adjustment Bubble adjusting nut
Fig. 33
. If the bubble of the plate vial moves from the center, bring it half way back to
the center by adjusting the leveling screw which is parallel to the plate vial.
(Fig. 33, A)
. Correct the remaining half by adjusting the bubble adjusting nuts with the
adjusting pin.
(Fig. 33, B and Fig. 34)
. Repeat- 1) 1,1) 2, 1) 3, 1) 4.
Plate vial
Bubble adjusting nut
2. Perpendicularity of Circular Vial to Vertical Axis
1) Inspection
No adjustment is necessary If the bubble of the circular vial is in the center after
inspection and adjustment of “Perpendicularity of the Plate Vial to the Vertical Axi-
FF
$".
2) Adjustment
If the bubble of the circular vial is not in the center, bring the bubble to the center
by turning the bubble adjusting screw with the adjusting pin.
Circular vial
Bubble Line of
adjusting sight axis
screw
5 Vertical
C7 hair
Fig. 35 Fig. 36
3. Inclination of Reticle Pattern Cross Hairs
1) Inspection
1. Set an object point À on the line of sight through the telescope.
2. Move point À to the edge of the field of view by adjusting the telescope tangent
screw (point A).
3. No adjustment is necessary if point A moves along the vertical line of the
reticle.
—41
2) Adjustment
1. If the point A does not move along the vertical line, first remove the eyepiece
cover with a screwdriver,
2. Loosen the four cross hair adjusting screws uniformly with the adjusting pin.
Rotate the cross hair around the lens of sight axis, and align the vertical line of
the cross hairs with point A". (Fig. 36 and Fig. 38)
3. Tighten the cross hairs adjusting screws uniformly.
Repeat the inspection and check that the adjustment is correct.
Eyepiece cover
Fig. 37
Cross hairs adjusting screw
Fig. 38
42 —
4. Perpendicularity of Line of Sight to Horizontal Axis
1} Inspection
1.
Ma
Ja
oT
Set an object point A at a distance of 30 to 50m away from the instrument, and
sight it through the telescope.
. Loosen the telescope clamp screw and reverse the telescope around the hor-
izontal axis. Mark a point set on the line of sight at about the sarne distance to
the object point A, and call it point B.
. Loosen the upper clamp screw, and rotate the instrument around the vertical
axis. Sight point A again.
. Loosen the telescope clamp screw, and reverse the telescope around the hor-
izontal axis. Mark a point on the line of sight at about the same distance as
point B, and call it mark C. (The telescope has now returned to its normal positi-
on.)
. No adjustment is necessary if points B and C coincide.
Г « -—30--50m— -
2) Adjustment
1.
If points B and C do not coincide, set up a point D located 1/4 of the length BC
from the point C toward B. (Fig. 39)
. Turn the two cross hairs adjusting screws opposed horizontally by first
ioosening one, then tightening the other (see Fig. 38) with the adjusting pin.
Move the cross hair so that point D is set on the line of sight.
3. Repeat the inspection and check that the adjustment is correct.
5. Reading Vertical Angle with Line of Sight Horizontal
1) Inspection
1. Set and level the instrument at a place of 30 to 50m away from a wall.
2 Point the telescope at the wall by setting it in the reverse position. Set the ver-
tical angle reading to 270” 0' 0”. Mark a point on the line of sight, and call it
point A.
3. Reverse the telescope, and point it at the wall (The telescope has now returned
to the normal position.)
4. Set the vertical angle reading to 90° 0' 0”. Mark a point on the line of sight, and
call it point B.
5. No adjustment is necessary if points A and B coincide. To determine the ver-
tical angle in procedures 2 and 4, first set the micrometer reading to 007007, then
set the telescope horizontal and set 270° or 90° by adjusting the telescope tan-
gent screw. (This is not done on the TH-605 and TH-60E.)
= —30-50m |
Fig. 40
2) Adjustment
1. If points A and B do not coincide, set up a point C midway between points A
and B. |
2. Set point C on the line of sight by 'adjusting the telescope tangent screw.
3. Adjust the micrometer knob and set the micrometer reading to 00" 00”. (This is
not done on the TH-60S and TH-60E.)
44 —
4. Turn the vertical axis adjusting screw located on the opposite side of the teles-
cope tangent screw so that the 90° graduation line moves to the center
between the index lines. (In the case of TH-605, let the 90° graduation line
coincide with the scale graduation line.)
6. Parallel of Telescope Vial with Line of Sight (TH-20DC)
1) Inspection
1. Prepare two identical targets, and set up the instrument on fairly level ground
and in the center of two walls spaced 50 to 100m apart.
(Fig. 42)
2. Center the bubble in the telescope vial by adjusting the telescope tagent screw.
Approx,
"2m
Fig. 42 Fig. 43
3. Set the targets on each wall so that reading of each target is at the same level,
and fix the target there.
4. Move the instrument to à position 2m away from one target, and level the
instrument. (Fig. 43)
5. Center the bubble in the telescope vial by adjusting the telescope tangent
screw. Read both targets.
6. If the readings on both targets are the same, no adjustment is necessary.
— 45 —
2) Adjustment
1. If the readings of both targets are not the same, point the telescope to the fart-
hest target.
2. Adjust the telescope tangent screw so that the reading of the farthest target be-
comes the same as that of the nearest target.
3 Return the bubble of the telescope vial to the center by adjusting the bubble
adjusting nut (Fig. 44) with the adjusting pin.
4. Repeat the inspection procedures starting with number 5, and check that the
adjustment is correct.
—— Telescope vial
VAR Bubble adjusting nut
Terr en Cl re
Fig. 44
7. Coincidence of Line of Sight of Optical Plummet with Vertical Axis
1) Inspection
1. Set the instrument on the tripod, and place a piece of white paper with a cross
drawn on it immediately under the instrument.
2. Look through the optical plummet, and move the paper so that the intersecting
point of the cross comes to the center of the field of view.
3. Adjust the leveling screw so that the center mark of the optical plummet coinci-
des with the intersection point of the cross.
A. Rotate the instrument around the vertical axis. Look through the optical plum-
met each step of 90° rotation, and observe the center mark position against the
intersection point of the cross.
2
. If the center mark always coincides with the intersecting point, no adjustment is
—
necessary.
Adjustment
. If the center mark does not coincide with the intersection point, mark the points
set on the line of sight at each step of 90° rotation on the paper, and call them
points A, B, C and D (see Fig. 45).
. Join the opposed points (A, C and B, D) with a straight line, and set intersecting
point 0.
. Turn three optical plummet adjusting screws with a screwdriver so that the
center mark coincides with intersecting point 0 (see Fig. 46).
. Repeat the inspection procedures starting with number 4, and check that the
adjustrnent is correct.
Optical plummet
9. Applications and Specifications of Optional Accessories.
1) Tripods
Use of a high quality tripod is one of the essential conditions for obtaining highly
accurate measurement values in surveying. Only use tripods that carry the
PENTAX trademark.
T$-2 Tripod
The T5-2 is a large precision tripod made of high quality wood, and used with the
TH-06D, TH-100, TH-20D, TH-60S and TH-60E.
TC-2 Tripod
The TC-2 is a large precision tripod made of high quality wood, and used with the
TH-10DC and TH-20DC.
TS-3 Tripod
The TS-3 is an aluminum tripod, and used with the TH-06D, TH-10D, TH-20D,
TH-60$ and TH-60E.
TC3Tripod —
The TC-3 is an aluminum tripod, and used with the TH-10DC and TH-20DC.
/ Fe.47 TS-3Tripod ‘ бо. 48 Т5-2 Тпрой
— AB —
2) Target Set
Theodolites TH-06D, TH-10D, TH-20D and TH-605 have a detachable tribrach,
allowing a target to be used for efficient measurement in various types of
surveying.
Target {with optical plummet) ......... 2
Tribrach 2
Lighting device set... 2
Plumb bob set 2
Storage case 1
3) Diagonal Eyepiece
The diagonal eyepiece can be attached to the telescope eyepiece or circle reading
eyepiece for convenience in observing the zenith or surveying in confined spaces.
To attach the diagonal eyepiece to the telescope, turn the telescope eyepiece ring
counterclockwise to remove the eyepiece, and attach the diagonal eyepiece by
turning its ring clockwise.
To attach the eyepiece to the circle reading eyepiece, turn the knurled rubber knob
of the circle reading eyepiece counterclockwise to remove it.
The eyepiece can be rotated through 360°.
When sighting is made through the telescope with the diagonal eyepiece at-
tached, the reticle may be seen deflected vertically or horizontally, but this has no
influence upon accuracy. It can be corrected with three adjusting screws if neces-
sary.
4) Eyepiece Filter
The eyepiece filter can be attached to the telescope eyepiece or diagonal eyepiece
for sun observation, etc.
Diagonal eyepiece
for telescope
Diagonal eyepiece for circle
reading eyepiece
-— 50 —
PENTAX
ASAHI PRECISION CO., LTD.
Miyakezaka Bldg., 1-11-1 Nagata-cho,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100 Japan
Printed in Japan
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