NETGEAR ProSafe FVG318 Wireless VPN Firewall Reference Manual

Reference Manual for the
ProSafe Wireless 802.11g
VPN Firewall Model
FVG318
NETGEAR, Inc.
4500 Great America Parkway
Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA
202-10121-01
October 2005
© 2005 by NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved. FullManual.
Trademarks
NETGEAR and Auto Uplink are trademarks or registered trademarks of NETGEAR, Inc..
Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders. Portions of this
document are copyright Intoto, Inc.
October 2005
Statement of Conditions
In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, NETGEAR reserves the right to
make changes to the products described in this document without notice.
NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product(s) or circuit
layout(s) described herein.
EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance
This is to certify that the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318 is shielded against the generation of
radio interference in accordance with the application of Council Directive 89/336/EEC, Article 4a. Conformity is
declared by the application of EN 55 022 Class B (CISPR 22).
Certificate of the Manufacturer/Importer
It is hereby certified that the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318 has been suppressed
in accordance with the conditions set out in the BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 and Vfg 46/1992. The operation of some
equipment (for example, test transmitters) in accordance with the regulations may, however, be subject to certain
restrictions. Please refer to the notes in the operating instructions.
The Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market
and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations.
Bestätigung des Herstellers/Importeurs
Es wird hiermit bestätigt, daß dasProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318 gemäß der im BMPTAmtsblVfg 243/1991 und Vfg 46/1992 aufgeführten Bestimmungen entstört ist. Das vorschriftsmäßige Betreiben
einiger Geräte (z.B. Testsender) kann jedoch gewissen Beschränkungen unterliegen. Lesen Sie dazu bitte die
Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung.
Das Bundesamt für Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet, daß dieses Gerät auf den Markt
gebracht wurde und es ist berechtigt, die Serie auf die Erfüllung der Vorschriften hin zu überprüfen.
Voluntary Control Council for Interference (VCCI) Statement
This equipment is in the Class B category (information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area
thereto) and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing
Equipment and Electronic Office Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas. When used
near a radio or TV receiver, it may become the cause of radio interference. Read instructions for correct handling.
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FCC Information to User
This product does not contain any user serviceable components and is to be used with approved antennas only. Any
product changes or modifications will invalidate all applicable regulatory certifications and approvals
FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment
should be installed and operated with minimum distance of 20 cm between the radiator and your body.
This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter."
Declaration Of Conformity
We NETGEAR, Inc., 4500 Great America Parkway, Santa Clara, CA 95054, declare under our sole responsibility that
the model FVG318 Cardbus Card Wireless Adapter complies with Part 15 of FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the
following two conditions:
•
This device may not cause harmful interference, and
•
This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Regulatory Compliance Information
This section includes user requirements for operating this product in accordance with National laws for usage of radio
spectrum and operation of radio devices. Failure of the end-user to comply with the applicable requirements may result
in unlawful operation and adverse action against the end-user by the applicable National regulatory authority.
NOTE: This product's firmware limits operation to only the channels allowed in a particular Region or Country.
Therefore, all options described in this user's guide may not be available in your version of the product.
FCC Requirements for Operation in the United States
Radio Frequency Interference Warnings & Instructions
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of
the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential
installation. This equipment uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance
with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to
correct the interference by one or more of the following methods:
•
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna
•
Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver
•
Connect the equipment into an electrical outlet on a circuit different from that which the radio receiver is connected
•
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
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ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
Tested to Comply
with FCC Standards
FOR HOME OR OFFICE USE
PY3WG111
Modifications made to the product, unless expressly approved byNETGEAR, Inc., could void the user's right to operate
the equipment.
Canadian Department of Communications Radio Interference Regulations
This digital apparatus (ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318) does not exceed the Class B limits for
radio-noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian
Department of Communications.
Canada ID: 4054A-WG111
Product and Publication Details
Model Number:
FVG318
Publication Date:
October 2005
Product Family:
Product Family
Product Name:
ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
Home or Business Product:
Business
Language:
English
Publication Part Number:
202-10121-01
Publication Version Number:
1.0
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Contents
Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model
FVG318
Chapter 1
About This Manual
Audience, Scope, Conventions, and Formats ................................................................1-1
How to Use This Manual ................................................................................................1-2
How to Print this Manual .................................................................................................1-3
Chapter 2
Introduction
Key Features of the Wireless VPN Firewall ....................................................................2-1
802.11g and 802.11b Wireless Networking ..............................................................2-2
Wireless Multimedia (WMM) Support .......................................................................2-2
A Powerful, True Firewall with Content Filtering ......................................................2-2
Security ....................................................................................................................2-3
Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink ...............................................2-3
Extensive Protocol Support ......................................................................................2-3
Easy Installation and Management ..........................................................................2-4
Maintenance and Support ........................................................................................2-5
Package Contents ..........................................................................................................2-5
The FVG318 Front Panel .........................................................................................2-6
The FVG318 Rear Panel ..........................................................................................2-8
NETGEAR-Related Products .........................................................................................2-9
NETGEAR Product Registration, Support, and Documentation .....................................2-9
Chapter 3
Connecting the Firewall to the Internet
Prepare to Install Your FVG318 ......................................................................................3-1
First, Connect the FVG318 .............................................................................................3-1
Now, Configure the FVG318 for Internet Access and Wireless Connectivity .................3-4
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Troubleshooting Tips ......................................................................................................3-6
Overview of How to Access the FVG318 wireless VPN firewall .....................................3-7
How to Log On to the FVG318 After
Configuration Settings Have Been Applied ..............................................................3-9
How to Bypass the Configuration Assistant ...........................................................3-10
Using the Smart Setup Wizard ..................................................................................... 3-11
How to Manually Configure Your Internet Connection ..................................................3-12
Chapter 4
Wireless Configuration
Observing Performance, Placement, and Range Guidelines .........................................4-1
Implementing Appropriate Wireless Security .................................................................4-2
Understanding Wireless Settings ...................................................................................4-3
Default Factory Settings ...........................................................................................4-6
Before You Change the SSID and WEP Settings ....................................................4-6
How to Set Up and Test Basic Wireless Connectivity ..............................................4-7
How to Restrict Wireless Access by MAC Address .................................................4-9
How to Configure WEP ..........................................................................................4-10
How to Configure WPA with Radius .......................................................................4-12
How to Configure WPA2 with Radius .....................................................................4-14
How to Configure WPA and WPA2 with Radius .....................................................4-15
How to Configure WPA-PSK ..................................................................................4-17
How to Configure WPA2-PSK ................................................................................4-18
How to Configure WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK ........................................................4-20
Chapter 5
Firewall Protection and
Content Filtering
Firewall Protection and Content Filtering Overview ........................................................5-1
Block Sites ......................................................................................................................5-2
Using Rules to Block or Allow Specific Kinds of Traffic ..................................................5-4
Inbound Rules (Port Forwarding) .............................................................................5-6
Outbound Rules (Service Blocking) .........................................................................5-9
Order of Precedence for Rules .............................................................................. 5-11
Default DMZ Server ...............................................................................................5-13
Attack Checks ........................................................................................................5-14
Services ........................................................................................................................5-15
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Using a Schedule to Block or Allow Specific Traffic ......................................................5-17
Time Zone ..............................................................................................................5-18
Getting E-Mail Notifications of Event Logs and Alerts ..................................................5-19
Viewing Logs of Web Access or Attempted Web Access .............................................5-21
Syslog ....................................................................................................................5-22
Chapter 6
Basic Virtual Private Networking
Overview of VPN Configuration ......................................................................................6-2
Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnels ..............................................................................6-2
Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Tunnels .........................................................................6-3
Planning a VPN ..............................................................................................................6-3
VPN Tunnel Configuration ..............................................................................................6-5
How to Set Up a Client-to-Gateway VPN Configuration .................................................6-5
Step 1: Configuring the Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnel on the FVG318 .................6-6
Step 2: Configuring the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client on the Remote PC .........6-10
Monitoring the Progress and Status of the VPN Client Connection .......................6-18
Transferring a Security Policy to Another Client ....................................................6-19
How to Set Up a Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Configuration ..........................................6-22
Procedure to Configure a Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Tunnel ................................6-22
VPN Tunnel Control ......................................................................................................6-29
Activating a VPN Tunnel ........................................................................................6-29
Verifying the Status of a VPN Tunnel .....................................................................6-32
Deactivating a VPN Tunnel ....................................................................................6-33
Deleting a VPN Tunnel ...........................................................................................6-36
Chapter 7
Advanced Virtual Private Networking
Overview of FVG318 Policy-Based VPN Configuration .................................................7-1
Using Policies to Manage VPN Traffic .....................................................................7-1
Using Automatic Key Management ..........................................................................7-2
IKE Policies’ Automatic Key and Authentication Management ................................7-3
VPN Policy Configuration for Auto Key Negotiation .................................................7-6
VPN Policy Configuration for Manual Key Exchange ...............................................7-9
Using Digital Certificates for IKE Auto-Policy Authentication .......................................7-14
Certificate Revocation List (CRL) ...........................................................................7-14
Walk-Through of Configuration Scenarios on the FVG318 ..........................................7-14
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VPN Consortium Scenario 1:
Gateway-to-Gateway with Preshared Secrets .......................................................7-15
FVG318 Scenario 1: FVG318 to Gateway B IKE and VPN Policies ......................7-16
How to Check VPN Connections ...........................................................................7-20
FVG318 Scenario 2: FVG318 to FVG318 with RSA Certificates ...........................7-22
Chapter 8
Maintenance
Viewing Wireless VPN Firewall Status Information .........................................................8-1
Viewing a List of Attached Devices .................................................................................8-5
Upgrading the Firewall Software ....................................................................................8-5
Configuration File Management .....................................................................................8-6
Backing Up the Configuration ..................................................................................8-7
Restoring the Configuration .....................................................................................8-7
Erasing the Configuration .........................................................................................8-7
Changing the Administrator Password ...........................................................................8-8
Chapter 9
Advanced Configuration
How to Configure Dynamic DNS ....................................................................................9-1
Using the LAN IP Setup Options ....................................................................................9-3
Configuring LAN TCP/IP Setup Parameters ............................................................9-3
Using the Firewall as a DHCP server .......................................................................9-4
Using Address Reservation ......................................................................................9-5
Configuring Static Routes ...............................................................................................9-6
Static Route Example ...............................................................................................9-7
Enabling Remote Management Access .........................................................................9-8
Chapter 10
Troubleshooting
Basic Functioning .........................................................................................................10-1
Power LED Not On .................................................................................................10-1
LEDs Never Turn Off ..............................................................................................10-2
LAN or Internet Port LEDs Not On .........................................................................10-2
Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface ........................................................10-2
Troubleshooting the ISP Connection ............................................................................10-3
Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility ...............................................10-5
Testing the LAN Path to Your Firewall ....................................................................10-5
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Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device ..............................................10-6
Restoring the Default Configuration and Password ......................................................10-7
Problems with Date and Time .......................................................................................10-7
Appendix A
Technical Specifications
Appendix B
Related Documents
Appendix C
VPN Configuration of NETGEAR FVG318
Case Study Overview .................................................................................................... B-1
Gathering the Network Information ......................................................................... B-2
Configuring the Gateways ....................................................................................... B-2
Activating the VPN Tunnel ...................................................................................... B-5
The FVG318-to-FVG318 Case ...................................................................................... B-6
Configuring the VPN Tunnel ................................................................................... B-6
Viewing and Editing the VPN Parameters ............................................................. B-10
Initiating and Checking the VPN Connections ...................................................... B-13
The FVG318-to-VPN Client Case ................................................................................ B-15
Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnel Overview ............................................................. B-15
Configuring the VPN Tunnel ................................................................................. B-16
Initiating and Checking the VPN Connections ...................................................... B-23
Index
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Chapter 1
About This Manual
This chapter describes the intended audience, scope, conventions, and formats of this manual.
Audience, Scope, Conventions, and Formats
This reference manual assumes that the reader has basic to intermediate computer and Internet
skills. However, basic computer network, Internet, firewall, and VPN technologies tutorial
information is provided in the Appendices and on the Netgear website.
This guide uses the following typographical conventions:
Table 1-1. Typographical Conventions
italics
Emphasis, books, CDs, URL names
bold
User input
fixed
Screen text, file and server names, extensions, commands, IP addresses
This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages:
Note: This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest.
Tip: This format is used to highlight a procedure that will save time or resources.
About This Manual
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
Warning: Ignoring this type of note may result in a malfunction or damage to the
equipment.
Danger: This is a safety warning. Failure to take heed of this notice may result in
personal injury or death.
This manual is written for the FVG318 wireless VPN firewall according to these specifications:
Table 1-2. Manual Scope
Product Version
ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
Manual Publication Date
October 2005
Note: Product updates are available on the NETGEAR, Inc. Web site at
http://kbserver.netgear.com/products/FVG318.asp.
How to Use This Manual
The HTML version of this manual includes the following:
•
Buttons,
at a time
and
, for browsing forwards or backwards through the manual one page
•
A
button that displays the table of contents and an
button. Double-click on a
link in the table of contents or index to navigate directly to where the topic is described in the
manual.
•
A
model.
•
Links to PDF versions of the full manual and individual chapters.
button to access the full NETGEAR, Inc. online knowledge base for the product
1-2
About This Manual
v1.0, October 2005
Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
How to Print this Manual
To print this manual you can choose one of the following several options, according to your needs.
•
Printing a Page in the HTML View.
Each page in the HTML version of the manual is dedicated to a major topic. Use the Print
button on the browser toolbar to print the page contents.
•
Printing a Chapter.
Use the PDF of This Chapter link at the top left of any page.
— Click the PDF of This Chapter link at the top right of any page in the chapter you want to
print. The PDF version of the chapter you were viewing opens in a browser window.
— Your computer must have the free Adobe Acrobat reader installed in order to view and
print PDF files. The Acrobat reader is available on the Adobe Web site at
http://www.adobe.com.
— Click the print icon in the upper left of the window.
Tip: If your printer supports printing two pages on a single sheet of paper, you can
save paper and printer ink by selecting this feature.
•
Printing the Full Manual.
Use the Complete PDF Manual link at the top left of any page.
— Click the Complete PDF Manual link at the top left of any page in the manual. The PDF
version of the complete manual opens in a browser window.
— Click the print icon in the upper left of the window.
Tip: If your printer supports printing two pages on a single sheet of paper, you can
save paper and printer ink by selecting this feature.
About This Manual
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About This Manual
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Chapter 2
Introduction
This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall
Model FVG318.
Key Features of the Wireless VPN Firewall
The ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318 with eight-port switch connects your
local area network (LAN) to the Internet through an external access device such as a cable modem
or DSL modem and provides 802.11b/g wireless LAN connectivity.
The FVG318 is a complete security solution that protects your network from attacks and
intrusions. Unlike simple Internet sharing firewalls that rely on Network Address Translation
(NAT) for security, the FVG318 uses stateful packet inspection for Denial of Service attack (DoS)
protection and intrusion detection. The FVG318 allows Internet access for up to 253 users. The
FVG318 wireless VPN firewall provides you with multiple Web content filtering options, plus
browsing activity reporting and instant alerts — both via e-mail. Parents and network
administrators can establish restricted access policies based on time-of-day, Web site addresses
and address keywords, and share high-speed cable/DSL Internet access for up to 253 personal
computers. In addition to NAT, the built-in firewall protects you from hackers.
With minimum setup, you can install and use the firewall within minutes.
The FVG318 wireless VPN firewall provides the following features:
• 802.11g and 802.11b standards-based wireless networking.
• Wireless Multimedia (WMM) support.
• Easy, Web-based setup for installation and management.
• Front panel LEDs for easy monitoring of status and activity.
• Content filtering and site blocking security.
• Built-in eight-port 10/100 Mbps switch.
• Ethernet connection to a WAN device, such as a cable modem or DSL modem.
• Extensive protocol support.
• Flash memory for firmware upgrade.
Introduction
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802.11g and 802.11b Wireless Networking
The FVG318 wireless VPN firewall includes an 802.11g-compliant wireless access point. The
access point provides:
•
802.11b standards-based wireless networking at up to 11 Mbps.
•
802.11g wireless networking at up to 54 Mbps, which conforms to the 802.11g standard.
•
WPA and WPA2 enterprise class strong security with RADIUS and certificate authentication
as well as dynamic encryption key generation.
•
WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK pre-shared key authentication without the overhead of RADIUS
servers but with all of the strong security of WPA and WPA2.
•
64-bit and 128-bit WEP encryption security.
•
WEP keys can be generated manually or by passphrase.
•
Wireless access can be restricted by MAC Address.
•
Wireless network name broadcast can be turned off so that only devices that have the network
name (SSID) can connect.
Wireless Multimedia (WMM) Support
WMM is a subset of the 802.11e standard. WMM allows wireless traffic to have a range of
priorities, depending on the kind of data. Time-dependent information such as video or audio will
have a higher priority than normal traffic. For WMM to function correctly, wireless clients must
also support WMM.
A Powerful, True Firewall with Content Filtering
Unlike simple Internet sharing NAT firewalls, the FVG318 is a true firewall, using stateful packet
inspection to defend against hacker attacks. Its firewall features include:
•
DoS protection.
Automatically detects and thwarts DoS attacks such as Ping of Death, SYN Flood, LAND
Attack, and IP Spoofing.
•
Blocks unwanted traffic from the Internet to your LAN.
•
Blocks access from your LAN to Internet locations or services that you specify as off-limits.
•
Logs security incidents.
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
The FVG318 logs security events such as blocked incoming traffic, port scans, attacks, and
administrator logins. You can configure the firewall to email the log to you at specified
intervals. You can also configure the firewall to send immediate alert messages to your e-mail
address or email pager whenever a significant event occurs.
•
With its content filtering feature, the FVG318 prevents objectionable content from reaching
your PCs. The firewall allows you to control access to Internet content by screening for
keywords within Web addresses. You can configure the firewall to log and report attempts to
access objectionable Internet sites.
Security
The FVG318 wireless VPN firewall is equipped with several features designed to maintain
security, as described in this section.
•
PCs Hidden by NAT
NAT opens a temporary path to the Internet for requests originating from the local network.
Requests originating from outside the LAN are discarded, preventing users outside the LAN
from finding and directly accessing the PCs on the LAN.
•
Port Forwarding with NAT
Although NAT prevents Internet locations from directly accessing the PCs on the LAN, the
firewall allows you to direct incoming traffic to specific PCs based on the service port number
of the incoming request, or to one designated “DNS” host computer. You can specify
forwarding of single ports or ranges of ports.
Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink
With its internal eight-port 10/100 switch, the FVG318 can connect to either a 10 Mbps standard
Ethernet network or a 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet network. Both the LAN and WAN interfaces are
autosensing and capable of full-duplex or half-duplex operation.
The firewall incorporates Auto UplinkTM technology. Each Ethernet port automatically senses
whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection such as to a PC
or an uplink connection such as to a switch or hub. That port then configures itself to the correct
configuration. This feature also eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables, as Auto
Uplink will accommodate either type of cable to make the right connection.
Extensive Protocol Support
The FVG318 wireless VPN firewall supports the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP) and Routing Information Protocol (RIP). For further information about TCP/IP, refer to
“Internet Networking and TCP/IP Addressing:” in Appendix A.”
Introduction
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•
IP Address Sharing by NAT
The FVG318 wireless VPN firewall allows several networked PCs to share an Internet
account using only a single IP address, which may be statically or dynamically assigned by
your Internet service provider (ISP). This technique, known as NAT, allows the use of an
inexpensive single-user ISP account.
•
Automatic Configuration of Attached PCs by DHCP
The FVG318 wireless VPN firewall dynamically assigns network configuration information,
including IP, gateway, and Domain Name Server (DNS) addresses, to attached PCs on the
LAN using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). This feature greatly simplifies
configuration of PCs on your local network.
•
DNS Proxy
When DHCP is enabled and no DNS addresses are specified, the firewall provides its own
address as a DNS server to the attached PCs. The firewall obtains actual DNS addresses from
the ISP during connection setup and forwards DNS requests from the LAN.
•
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE)
PPPoE is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over a DSL connection by
simulating a dial-up connection. This feature eliminates the need to run a login program such
as Entersys or WinPOET on your PC.
Easy Installation and Management
You can install, configure, and operate the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model
FVG318 within minutes after connecting it to the network. The following features simplify
installation and management tasks:
•
Browser-based management
Browser-based configuration allows you to easily configure your firewall from almost any
type of personal computer, such as Windows, Macintosh, or Linux. A user-friendly Setup
Wizard is provided, and online help documentation is built into the browser-based Web
Management Interface.
•
Smart Wizard
The FVG318 wireless VPN firewall automatically senses the type of Internet connection,
asking you only for the information required for your type of ISP account.
•
Diagnostic functions
The firewall incorporates built-in diagnostic functions such as Ping, DNS lookup, and remote
reboot.
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
•
Remote management
The firewall allows you to login to the Web Management Interface from a remote location on
the Internet. For security, you can limit remote management access to a specified remote IP
address or range of addresses, and you can choose a nonstandard port number.
•
Visual monitoring
The FVG318 wireless VPN firewall’s front panel LEDs provide an easy way to monitor its
status and activity.
Maintenance and Support
NETGEAR offers the following features to help you maximize your use of the FVG318 wireless
VPN firewall:
•
Flash memory for firmware upgrade.
•
Free technical support seven days a week, 24 hours a day.
Package Contents
The product package should contain the following items:
• ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318.
• AC power adapter.
• Category 5 (Cat 5) Ethernet cable.
• Installation Guide.
• Resource CD, including:
— This guide.
•
— Application Notes and other helpful information.
Registration and Warranty Card.
If any of the parts are incorrect, missing, or damaged, contact your NETGEAR dealer. Keep the
carton, including the original packing materials, in case you need to return the firewall for repair.
Introduction
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
The FVG318 Front Panel
The front panel of the FVG318 wireless VPN firewall contains the status LEDs described below.
Figure 2-1
You can use some of the LEDs to verify connections. Viewed from left to right, Table 2-1
describes the LEDs on the front panel of the firewall. These LEDs are green when lit.
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
Table 2-1.
LED Descriptions
LED Label
Activity
Description
PWR
On
Power is supplied to the firewall.
TEST
On
Off
The system is initializing.
The system is ready and running.
100 (100 Mbps)
On
Off
The Internet (WAN) port is operating at 100 Mbps.
The Internet (WAN) port is operating at 10 Mbps.
LINK/ACT
(Link/Activity)
On
Blinking
The Internet port has detected a link with an attached device.
Data is being transmitted or received by the Internet port.
100 (100 Mbps)
On
Off
The Local port is operating at 100 Mbps.
The Local port is operating at 10 Mbps.
LINK/ACT
(Link/Activity)
On
Blinking
The Local port has detected a link with an attached device.
Data is being transmitted or received by the Local port.
WLAN
On/Blink
Off
The wireless interface is on/data transmission in progress.
The wireless interface is off.
INTERNET
LOCAL
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The FVG318 Rear Panel
The rear panel of the FVG318 wireless VPN firewall contains the port connections listed below.
Antenna
FACTORY
Reset Button
LOCAL
Ports
INTERNET
Port
Power
Figure 2-2
Viewed from left to right, the rear panel contains the following features:
• Detachable wireless antenna
• Factory default reset push button
• Eight Ethernet LAN ports
• Internet Ethernet WAN port for connecting the firewall to a cable or DSL modem
• DC power input
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NETGEAR-Related Products
NETGEAR products related to the FVG318 are listed in the following table:
Table 2-1.
NETGEAR-Related Products
Category
Wireless
Wired
Notebooks
WAG511 108 Mbps Dual Band PC Card
WG511T 108 Mbps PC Card
WG511 54 Mbps PC Card
WG111 54 Mbps USB 2.0 Adapter
MA521 802.11b PC Card
MA111 802.11b USB Adapter
FA511 CardBus Adapter
FA120 USB 2.0 Adapter
Desktops
WAG311 108 Mbps Dual Band PCI Adapter
WG311T 108 Mbps PCI Adapter
WG311 54 Mbps PCI Adapter
WG111 54 Mbps USB 2.0 Adapter
MA111 802.11b USB Adapter
FA311 PCI Adapter
FA120 USB 2.0 Adapter
PDAs
MA701 802.11b Compact Flash Card
Antennas and
Accessories
ANT24O5 5 dBi Antenna
ANT2409 Indoor/Outdoor 9 dBi Antenna
ANT24D18 Indoor/Outdoor 18 dBi Antenna
Antenna Cables–1.5, 3, 5, 10, and 30 m lengths
VPN01L and VPN05L ProSafe VPN Client Software
NETGEAR Product Registration, Support, and
Documentation
Register your product at http://www.NETGEAR.com/register. Registration is required before you
can use our telephone support service.
Product updates and Web support are always available by going to: http://kbserver.netgear.com.
Documentation is available on the Resource CD and at http://kbserver.netgear.com.
When the wireless VPN firewall is connected to the Internet, click the Knowledge Base or the
Documentation link under the Web Support menu to view support information or the
documentation for the wireless VPN firewall.
Introduction
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Introduction
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Chapter 3
Connecting the Firewall to the Internet
This chapter describes how to set up the firewall on your LAN, connect to the Internet, perform
basic configuration of your ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318 using the
Setup Wizard, or how to manually configure your Internet connection.
Follow these instructions to set up your firewall.
Prepare to Install Your FVG318
•
For Cable Modem Service: When you set up the wireless VPN firewall, be sure to use the
computer you first registered with your cable modem service provider.
•
For DSL Service: You may need information such as the DSL login name and password in
order to complete the wireless VPN firewall setup.
First, Connect the FVG318
1. Connect the wireless VPN firewall to your computer and modem
a. Turn off and unplug your cable or DSL modem.
b. Turn off your computer.
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c. At the computer end only, disconnect the Ethernet cable (point A in the illustration) that
connects your computer to the cable or DSL modem.
A
,QWHUQHW
Figure 3-1
Securely insert the Ethernet cable from your modem into the FVG318 Internet port (point
B in the illustration).
B
,QWHUQHW
Figure 3-2
3-2
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
d. Securely insert one end of the blue NETGEAR cable that came with your FVG318 into a
Local port on the router such as port 4 (point C in the illustration), and the other end into
the Ethernet port of your computer (point D in the illustration)
D
C
,QWHUQHW
Figure 3-3
2. Restart your network in the correct sequence
Warning: Failure to restart your network in the correct sequence could prevent you
from connecting to the Internet.
a. First, plug in and turn on the cable or DSL modem.Wait about 2 minutes.
b. Now, plug in the power cord to your FVG318 and wait about 30 seconds.
c. Last, turn on your computer.
Note: For DSL customers, if ISP-provided software logs you in to the Internet, do not
run that software. You may need to go to the Internet Explorer® Tools menu,
Internet Options, Connections tab page where you can select the “Never dial a
connection” radio button and click Apply.
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
d. Check the status lights and verify the following:
Power
Test
Internet Port
Local Port 4
Wireless
Figure 3-4
•
Power: The power light should be lit. If after 2 minutes the power light turns solid amber,
see the Troubleshooting Tips in this guide.
•
Test: The test light blinks when the FVG318 is first turned on. If after 2 minutes it is still
on, see the Troubleshooting Tips in this guide.
•
Internet: The Internet light on the FVG318 should be lit. If not, make sure the Ethernet
cable is securely attached to the wireless VPN firewall Internet port and the powered on
modem.
•
Wireless: The WLAN light should be lit. If the Wireless light is not lit, see the
Troubleshooting Tips in this guide.
•
LOCAL: A LOCAL light should be lit.
Now, Configure the FVG318 for Internet Access and Wireless
Connectivity
1. From the Ethernet connected PC you just set up, open a browser such as Internet Explorer or
Netscape® Navigator.
With the wireless VPN firewall in its factory default state, your browser will automatically
display the NETGEAR Smart Wizard Configuration Assistant welcome page.
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Figure 3-5
Note: If you do not see this page, type http://www.routerlogin.net in the browser
address bar and press Enter. If you still cannot see this screen, see “How to
Bypass the Configuration Assistant” on page 3-10.
If you cannot connect to the wireless VPN firewall, verify your computer networking setup. It
should be set to obtain both IP and DNS server addresses automatically, which is usually so.
For help with this, see “Preparing a Computer for Network Access:” in Appendix A or the
animated tutorials on the Resource CD.
2. Click OK. Follow the prompts to proceed with the Smart Wizard Configuration Assistant to
connect to the Internet.
3. Click Done to finish. If you have trouble connecting to the Internet, see “Troubleshooting
Tips” on page 3-6 to correct basic problems.
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Figure 3-6
Note: The configuration wizard only appears when the FVG318 is in its factory
default state. After you configure the FVG318, it will not appear again. You
can always connect to the router configuration menu to change its settings. To
do so, open a browser and go to http://www.routerlogin.net. Then, when
prompted, enter admin as the user name and password for the password both
in lower case letters.
Troubleshooting Tips
Here are some tips for correcting simple problems you may have.
Be sure to restart your network in the correct sequence.
Always follow this sequence: 1) Unplug and turn off the modem, FVG318, and computer; 2) plug
in and turn on the modem, wait two minutes; 3) plug in the FVG318 and wait 30 seconds; 4) turn
on the computer.
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Make sure the Ethernet cables are securely plugged in.
•
For each powered on computer connected to the wireless VPN firewall with a securely
plugged in Ethernet cable, the corresponding wireless VPN firewall LAN port status light will
be lit. The label on the bottom of the wireless VPN firewall identifies the number of each LAN
port.
•
The Internet port status light on the wireless VPN firewall will be lit if the Ethernet cable from
the FVG318 to the modem is plugged in securely and the modem and wireless VPN firewall
are turned on.
Make sure the computer & router wireless settings match exactly.
The Wireless Network Name (SSID) and security settings (WEP/WPA, MAC access control list)
of the FVG318 and wireless computer must match exactly.
Make sure the network settings of the computer are correct.
•
LAN and wirelessly connected computers must be configured to obtain an IP address
automatically via DHCP.
•
Some cable modem ISPs require you to use the MAC address of the computer registered on
the account. If so, in the Router MAC Address section of the Basic Settings menu, select, “Use
this Computer’s MAC Address.” The router will then capture and use the MAC address of the
computer that you are now using. You must be using the computer that is registered with the
ISP. Click Apply to save your settings. Restart the network in the correct sequence.
Check the router status lights to verify correct router operation.
•
If the Power light does not turn solid green within 2 minutes after turning the router on, reset
the router according to the instructions in the Reference Manual on the CD.
•
If the Wireless light does not come on, verify that the wireless feature is turned on according to
the instructions in the Reference Manual on the CD.
Overview of How to Access the FVG318 wireless VPN
firewall
The table below describes how you access the wireless VPN firewall, depending on the state of the
wireless VPN firewall.
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Table 3-1. Ways to access the firewall
Firewall State
Access Options
Description
Factory Default
Automatic Access via
the Smart Wizard
Configuration
Assistant
Any time a browser is opened on any computer connected to
the wireless VPN firewall, the wireless VPN firewall will
automatically connect to that browser and display the
Configuration Assistant welcome page.
Note: The wireless
VPN firewall is
supplied in the
factory default state.
Also, the factory
default state is
restored when you
use the factory reset
button. See
“Backing Up the
Configuration” on
page 8-7 for more
information on this
feature.
Configuration
Settings Have Been
Applied
There is no need to enter the wireless VPN firewall URL in
the browser, or provide the login user name and password.
Manually enter a URL You can bypass the Smart Wizard Configuration Assistant
to bypass the Smart
feature by typing
Wizard Configuration http://www.routerlogin.net/basicsetting.htm
in the browser address bar and pressing Enter. You will not
Assistant
be prompted for a user name or password.
This will enable you to manually configure the wireless VPN
firewall even when it is in the factory default state. When
manually configuring the firewall, you must complete the
configuration by clicking Apply when you finish entering your
settings. If you do not do so, a browser on any PC connected
to the firewall will automatically display the firewall's
Configuration Assistant welcome page rather than the
browser’s home page.
Enter the standard
URL to access the
wireless VPN firewall
Connect to the wireless VPN firewall by typing either of these
URLs in the address field of your browser, then press Enter:
http://www.routerlogin.net
http://www.routerlogin.com
The wireless VPN firewall will prompt you to enter the user
name of admin and the password. The default password is
password.
Enter the IP address
of the wireless VPN
firewall
Connect to the wireless VPN firewall by typing the IP address
of the wireless VPN firewall in the address field of your
browser, then press Enter. 192.168.1.1 is the default IP
address of the wireless VPN firewall. The wireless VPN
firewall will prompt you to enter the user name of admin and
the password. The default password is password.
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How to Log On to the FVG318 After
Configuration Settings Have Been Applied
1. Connect to the wireless VPN firewall by typing http://www.routerlogin.net in the address
field of your browser, then press Enter.
Figure 3-7
2. For security reasons, the firewall has its own user name and password. When prompted, enter
admin for the firewall user name and password for the firewall password, both in lower case
letters. To change the password, see “Changing the Administrator Password” on page 8-8.
Note: The firewall user name and password are not the same as any user name or
password you may use to log in to your Internet connection.
A login window like the one shown below opens:
Figure 3-8
Connecting the Firewall to the Internet
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Once you have entered your user name and password, your Web browser should find the
FVG318 wireless VPN firewall and display the home page as shown below.
Figure 3-9
When the wireless VPN firewall is connected to the Internet, click the Knowledge Base or the
Documentation link under the Web Support menu to view support information or the
documentation for the wireless VPN firewall.
If you do not click Logout, the wireless VPN firewall will wait five minutes after there is no
activity before it automatically logs you out.
How to Bypass the Configuration Assistant
1. When the wireless VPN firewall is in the factory default state, type
http://www.routerlogin.net/basicsetting.htm in your browser, then press Enter.
When the wireless VPN firewall is in the factory default state, a user name and password are
not required.
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2. The browser then displays the FVG318 settings home page shown in Figure 3-9.
If you do not click Logout, the wireless VPN firewall waits five minutes after there is no
activity before it automatically logs you out.
Using the Smart Setup Wizard
You can use the Smart Setup Wizard to assist with manual configuration or to verify the Internet
connection. The Smart Setup Wizard is not the same as the Smart Wizard Configuration Assistant
(as illustrated in Figure 3-5) that only appears when the firewall is in its factory default state. After
you configure the wireless VPN firewall, the Smart Wizard Configuration Assistant will not
appear again.
To use the Smart Setup Wizard to assist with manual configuration or to verify the Internet
connection settings, follow this procedure.
1. Connect to the wireless VPN firewall by typing http://www.routerlogin.net in the address
field of your browser, then press Enter.
2. For security reasons, the firewall has its own user name and password. When prompted, enter
admin for the firewall user name and password for the firewall password, both in lower case
letters. To change the password, see “Changing the Administrator Password” on page 8-8
Note: The firewall user name and password are not the same as any user name or
password you may use to log in to your Internet connection.
Once you have entered your user name and password, your Web browser should find the
FVG318 wireless VPN firewall and display the home page as shown in Figure 3-9.
3. Click Setup Wizard on the upper left of the main menu.
4. Click Next to proceed. Input your ISP settings, as needed.
5. At the end of the Setup Wizard, click the Test button to verify your Internet connection. If you
have trouble connecting to the Internet, use the Troubleshooting Tips “Troubleshooting Tips”
on page 3-6 to correct basic problems, or refer to Chapter 10, “Troubleshooting.”
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
How to Manually Configure Your Internet Connection
You can manually configure your firewall using the menu below, or you can allow the Setup
Wizard to determine your configuration as described in the previous section.
ISP Does Not Require Login
ISP Does Require Login
Figure 3-10
3-12
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
You can manually configure the firewall using the Basic Settings menu shown in Figure 3-10
using these steps:
1. Log in to the firewall at its default address of http://www.routerlogin.net using a browser like
Internet Explorer or Netscape® Navigator.
2. Click the Basic Settings link under the Setup section of the main menu.
3. If your Internet connection does not require a login, click No at the top of the Basic Settings
menu and fill in the settings according to the instructions below. If your Internet connection
does require a login, click Yes, and skip to step 4.
a. Account:
Enter your Account Name (may also be called Host Name) and Domain Name.
These parameters may be necessary to access your ISP’s services such as mail or news
servers.
b. Internet IP Address:
If your ISP has assigned you a permanent, fixed (static) IP address for your PC, select
“Use static IP address”. Enter the IP address that your ISP assigned. Also enter the
netmask and the Gateway IP address. The Gateway is the ISP’s firewall to which your
firewall will connect.
c. Domain Name Server (DNS) Address:
If you know that your ISP does not automatically transmit DNS addresses to the firewall
during login, select “Use these DNS servers” and enter the IP address of your ISP’s
Primary DNS Server. If a Secondary DNS Server address is available, enter it also.
d. Firewall’s MAC Address:
Note: After completing the DNS configuration, restart the computers on your
network so that these settings take effect.
This section determines the Ethernet MAC address that will be used by the firewall on the
Internet port. Some ISPs will register the Ethernet MAC address of the network interface
card in your PC when your account is first opened. They will then only accept traffic from
the MAC address of that PC. This feature allows your firewall to masquerade as that PC
by “cloning” its MAC address.
To change the MAC address, select “Use this Computer’s MAC address.” The firewall
will then capture and use the MAC address of the PC that you are now using. You must be
using the one PC that is allowed by the ISP. Or, select “Use this MAC address” and
enter it.
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
e. Click Apply to save your settings.
4. If your Internet connection does require a login, fill in the settings according to the instructions
below. Select Yes if you normally must launch a login program such as Enternet or WinPOET
in order to access the Internet.
Note: After you finish setting up your firewall, you will no longer need to launch
the ISP’s login program on your PC in order to access the Internet. When
you start an Internet application, your firewall will automatically log you
in.
a. For connections that require a login using protocols such as PPPoE, PPTP, Telstra Bigpond
Cable broadband connections, select your Internet service provider from the drop-down
list.
Figure 3-11
b. The screen will change according to the ISP settings requirements of the ISP you select.
c. Fill in the parameters for your ISP according to the Wizard-detected procedures starting on
page 3-11.
d. Click Apply to save your settings.
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Chapter 4
Wireless Configuration
This chapter describes how to configure the wireless features of your FVG318 wireless VPN
firewall.
Observing Performance, Placement, and Range Guidelines
In planning your wireless network, you should consider the level of security required. You should
also select the physical placement of your FVG318 in order to maximize the network speed. For
further information on wireless networking, refer to “Wireless Communications:” in Appendix A.”
Note: Failure to follow these guidelines can result in significant performance degradation
or inability to wirelessly connect to the wireless VPN firewall. For complete range
and performance specifications, please see Appendix A, “Technical
Specifications.”
The operating distance or range of your wireless connection can vary significantly based on the
physical placement of the FVG318 wireless VPN firewall. The latency, data throughput
performance, and notebook power consumption also vary depending on your configuration
choices. For best results, place your wireless VPN firewall:
• Near the center of the area in which your PCs will operate.
• In an elevated location, such as a high shelf where the wirelessly connected PCs have line-ofsight access (even if through walls). The best location is elevated, such as wall mounted or on
the top of a cubicle, and at the center of your wireless coverage area for all the mobile devices.
• Away from sources of interference, such as PCs, microwaves, and 2.4 GHz cordless phones.
• Away from large metal surfaces.
Be aware that the time it takes to establish a wireless connection can vary depending on both your
security settings and placement. WEP connections can take slightly longer to establish. Also, WEP
encryption can consume more battery power on a notebook computer.
Wireless Configuration
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
Implementing Appropriate Wireless Security
Note: Indoors, computers can connect to wireless networks at ranges of 300 feet or more.
Such distances allow others outside of your area to access your network.
Unlike wired network data, your wireless data transmissions can extend beyond your walls and
can be received by anyone with a compatible adapter. For this reason, use the security features of
your wireless equipment. The FVG318 wireless VPN firewall provides highly effective security
features which are covered in detail in this chapter.
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Figure 4-1
There are several ways you can enhance the security of your wireless network:
•
Restrict Access Based on MAC Address. You can allow only trusted PCs to connect so that
unknown PCs cannot wirelessly connect to the FVG318. Restricting access by MAC address
adds an obstacle against unwanted access to your network, but the data broadcast over the
wireless link is fully exposed.
•
Turn Off the Broadcast of the Wireless Network Name SSID. If you disable broadcast of
the SSID, only devices that have the correct SSID can connect. This nullifies wireless network
‘discovery’ feature of some products, such as Windows XP, but the data is still exposed.
•
WEP. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) data encryption provides data security. WEP Shared
Key authentication and WEP data encryption will block all but the most determined
eavesdropper.
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•
WPA/WPA2 with Radius or WPA/WPA2-PSK. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2)
data encryption provides data security. The very strong authentication along with dynamic per
frame rekeying of WPA and WPA2 make it virtually impossible to compromise. Because this
is a new standard, wireless device driver and software availability may be limited.
Understanding Wireless Settings
To configure the wireless settings of your FVG318, click the Wireless link in the Setup section of
the main menu. The wireless settings menu will appear, as shown below.
Figure 4-2
Wireless Configuration
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Note: The 802.11b and 802.11g wireless networking protocols are configured in exactly
the same fashion. The FVG318 will automatically adjust to the 802.11g or 802.11b
protocol as the device requires without compromising the speed of the other
devices.
•
Wireless Network. The station name of the FVG318.
— Wireless Network Name (SSID). The SSID is also known as the wireless network name.
Enter a value of up to 32 alphanumeric characters. In a setting where there is more than
one wireless network, different wireless network names provide a means for separating the
traffic. Any device you want to participate in the 802.11b/g wireless network will need to
use this SSID for that network. The FVG318 default SSID is: NETGEAR.
— Region. This field identifies the region where the FVG318 can be used. It may not be legal
to operate the wireless features of the wireless VPN firewall in a region other than one of
those identified in this field. Unless you select a region, you will only be able to use
Channel 11.
— Channel. This field determines which operating frequency will be used. It should not be
necessary to change the wireless channel unless you notice interference problems with
another nearby access point. For more information on the wireless channel frequencies,
please refer to “Wireless Communications:” in Appendix A.
— Mode. Select the desired wireless mode. The options are:
• g & b - Both 802.11g and 802.11b wireless stations can be used.
• g only - Only 802.11g wireless stations can be used.
• b only - All 802.11b wireless stations can be used. 802.11g wireless stations can still
be used if they can operate in 802.11b mode.
The default is “g & b” which allows both 802.11g and 802.11b wireless stations to access
this device.
•
Wireless Access Point
— Enable Wireless Access Point. Enables the wireless radio. When disabled, there are no
wireless communications through the FVG318.
— Allow Broadcast of Name (SSID). The default setting is to enable SSID broadcast. If you
disable broadcast of the SSID, only devices that have the correct SSID can connect.
Disabling SSID broadcast somewhat hampers the wireless network ‘discovery’ feature of
some products.
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•
Wireless Card Access List
Lets you restrict wireless connections according to a list of Trusted PCs MAC addresses.
When the Trusted PCs Only radio button is selected, the FVG318 checks the MAC address of
the wireless station and only allows connections to PCs identified on the trusted PCs list.
To restrict access based on MAC addresses, click the Set up Access List button and update the
MAC access control list.
•
Security Options
–
Disable: No data encryption is used.
–
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy): Use WEP 64 or 128 bit data encryption.
–
WPA with Radius: This version of WPA requires the use of a Radius server for
authentication. Each user (Wireless Client) must have a "user" login on the Radius Server
- normally done via a digital certificate. Also, this device must have a "client" login on the
Radius server. Data transmissions are encrypted using a key which is automatically
generated.
–
WPA2 with Radius: WPA2 is a later version of WPA. Only select this if all clients
support WPA2. If selected, you must use AES encryption, and configure the Radius Server
Settings. Each user (Wireless Client) must have a "user" login on the Radius Server normally done via a digital certificate. Also, this device must have a "client" login on the
Radius server. Data transmissions are encrypted using a key which is automatically
generated.
–
WPA and WPA2 with Radius: This selection allows clients to use either WPA (with AES
encryption) or WPA2 (with TKIP encryption). If selected, encryption must be TKIP +
AES. If selected, you must configure the Radius Server Settings.
–
WPA-PSK (Wi-Fi Protected Access Pre-Shared Key): Use WPA-PSK standard
encryption
–
WPA2-PSK: WPA2 is a later version of WPA. Only select this if all clients support
WPA2. If selected, you must use AES encryption, and enter the WPA passphrase
(Network key).
–
WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK: This selection allows clients to use either WPA (with AES
encryption) or WPA2 (with TKIP encryption). If selected, encryption must be TKIP +
AES.
Wireless Configuration
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Default Factory Settings
The FVG318 default factory settings shown below. You can restore these defaults with the Factory
Default Restore button on the rear panel as seen in the illustration Figure 2-2 on page 2-8. After
you install the FVG318 wireless VPN firewall, use the procedures below to customize any of the
settings to better meet your networking needs.
Table 4-1.
FEATURE
DEFAULT FACTORY SETTINGS
SSID
NETGEAR
RF Channel
11 until the region is selected
Access Point
Enabled
SSID broadcast
Enabled
Wireless Card Access List for Access
Point Connections
All wireless stations allowed
WEP Security
Disabled
Authentication Type
Open System
Before You Change the SSID and WEP Settings
Take the following steps:
For a new wireless network, print or copy this form and fill in the configuration parameters. For an
existing wireless network, the person who set up or is responsible for the network will be able to
provide this information. Be sure to set the Regulatory Domain correctly as the first step.
•
SSID: The Service Set Identification (SSID) identifies the wireless local area network.
Wireless is the default FVG318 SSID. However, you may customize it by using up to 32
alphanumeric characters. Write your customized SSID on the line below.
Note: The SSID in the wireless VPN firewall is the SSID you configure in the wireless adapter
card. All wireless nodes in the same network must be configured with the same SSID:
•
Authentication
Circle one: Open System or Shared Key. Choose “Shared Key” for more security.
Note: If you select shared key, the other devices in the network will not connect unless they
are set to Shared Key as well and have the same keys in the same positions as those in the
FVG318.
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•
WEP Encryption Keys
For all four 802.11b keys, choose the Key Size. Circle one: 64 or 128 bits
Key 1: ___________________________________
Key 2: ___________________________________
Key 3: ___________________________________
Key 4: ___________________________________
•
WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK (Pre-Shared Key)
Record the WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK key:
Key: ___________________________________
•
WPA or WPA2 RADIUS Settings
For WPA or WPA2, record the following RADIUS settings:
Server Name/IP Address: Primary _________________ Secondary __________________
Port: ___________________________________
Shared Key: ___________________________________
Use the procedures described in the following sections to configure the FVG318. Store this
information in a safe place.
How to Set Up and Test Basic Wireless Connectivity
Follow the instructions below to set up and test basic wireless connectivity. Once you have
established basic wireless connectivity, you can enable security settings appropriate to your needs.
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1. Log in using the default LAN address of http://192.168.1.1 with the default user name of
admin and default password of password, or using whatever LAN address and password you
have set up.
Figure 4-3
2. Set the Regulatory Domain correctly.
3. Choose a suitable descriptive name for the wireless network name (SSID). In the SSID box,
enter a value of up to 32 alphanumeric characters. The default SSID is NETGEAR.
Note: The characters are case sensitive. An access point always functions in
infrastructure mode. The SSID for any wireless device communicating with
the access point must match the SSID configured in the ProSafe Wireless
802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318. If they do not match, you will not get a
wireless connection to the FVG318.
4. Set the Channel.
It should not be necessary to change the wireless channel unless you notice interference
problems with another nearby wireless router or access point. Select a channel that is not being
used by any other wireless networks within several hundred feet of your wireless VPN
firewall. For more information on the wireless channel frequencies please refer to “Wireless
Channels” in “Wireless Communications:” in Appendix A.
5. Depending on the types of wireless adapters you have in your computers, choose from the
Mode drop-down list.
6. For initial configuration and test, leave the Wireless Card Access List set to “All Wireless
Stations” and the Encryption Strength set to “Disable.”
7. Click Apply to save your changes.
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Note: If you are configuring the FVG318 from a wireless computer and you change
the wireless VPN firewall’s SSID, channel, or security settings, you will lose
your wireless connection when you click on Apply. You must then change the
wireless settings of your computer to match the FVG318’s new settings.
8. Configure and test your PCs for wireless connectivity.
Program the wireless adapter of your PCs to have the same SSID that you configured in the
FVG318. Check that they have a wireless link and are able to obtain an IP address by DHCP
from the wireless VPN firewall.
Once your PCs have basic wireless connectivity to the wireless VPN firewall, then you can
configure the advanced options and wireless security functions.
How to Restrict Wireless Access by MAC Address
To restrict access based on MAC addresses, follow these steps:
1. Log in at the default LAN address of http://192.168.1.1 with the default user name of admin
and default password of password.
2. Click Wireless in the main menu of the FVG318. From the Wireless Settings menu, click
Setup Access List.
Figure 4-4
3. Click the Turn Access Control On checkbox to enable MAC filtering.
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4. Click Add to open the Wireless Card Access Setup menu. You can select a device from the list
of available wireless cards the FVG318 has discovered in your area, or you can manually enter
the MAC address and Device Name (usually the NetBIOS name).
5. Click Add to add this device to your MAC access control list.
Note: When configuring the FVG318 from a wireless computer whose MAC
address is not in the access control list, if you select Turn Access Control On,
you will lose your wireless connection when you click Apply. You must then
access the wireless VPN firewall from a wired computer or from a wireless
computer which is on the access control list to make any further changes.
6. Be sure to click Apply to save your trusted wireless PCs list settings. Now, only devices on
this list will be allowed to wirelessly connect to the FVG318.
To remove a MAC address from the table, click to select it, then click the Delete button.
How to Configure WEP
Note: When changing the wireless settings from a wireless computer, you will lose your
wireless connection when you click Apply. You must then either configure your
wireless adapter to match the new wireless settings or access the wireless VPN
firewall from a wired computer to make any further changes.
To configure WEP data encryption, follow these steps:
1. Log in at the default LAN address of http://192.168.1.1 with the default user name of admin
and default password of password, or using whatever LAN address and password you set up.
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2. Click Wireless Settings in the main menu of the FVG318.
Figure 4-5
3. Select WEP on the Wireless Security pulldown menu. The WEP options menu will open.
4. Choose the Authentication Type and Encryption Strength options. You can manually or
automatically program the four data encryption keys. These values must be identical on all
PCs and Access Points in your network.
–
Authentication Type: Normally this can be left at the default value of "Automatic." If set
to "Open System" or "Shared Key", wireless stations must use the same method.
–
Encryption: Select the desired WEP Encryption:
• 64-bit (sometimes called 40-bit) encryption
• 128-bit encryption
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–
WEP Keys: If using WEP, you can manually or automatically program the four data
encryption keys. These values must be identical on all PCs and Access Points in your
network.
• Automatic Key Generation (Passphrase): Enter a word or group of printable
characters (this phrase is case sensitive) in the Passphrase box and click the "Generate
Keys" button to automatically configure the WEP Key(s).
–
If encryption is set to 64 bit, then each of the four key boxes will automatically be
populated with key values.
–
•
If encryption is set to 128 bit, then only the selected WEP key box will automatically
be populated with a key value.
Manual Entry Mode: Enter ten hexadecimal digits (any combination of 0-9, a-f, or
A-F). These hex values are not case sensitive. Select which of the four keys will be
used and enter the matching WEP key information for your network in the selected
key box.
–
For 64 bit WEP: Enter ten hexadecimal digits (any combination of 0-9, A-F).
–
For 128 bit WEP: Enter twenty-six hexadecimal digits (any combination of 0-9, AF).
Please refer to “Overview of WEP Parameters” in “Wireless Communications:” in
Appendix A for a full explanation of each of these options, as defined by the IEEE 802.11b
wireless communication standard.
5. Click Apply to save your settings.
How to Configure WPA with Radius
Note: Not all wireless adapters support WPA. Furthermore, client software is required on
the client. Windows XP and Windows 2000 with Service Pack 3 do include the
client software that supports WPA. Nevertheless, the wireless adapter hardware
and driver must also support WPA. Consult the product document for your wireless
adapter and WPA client software for instructions on configuring WPA settings.
To configure WPA with Radius, follow these steps:
1. Log in at the default LAN address of http://192.168.1.1 with the default user name of admin
and default password of password, or using whatever LAN address and password you have
set up.
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2. Click Wireless Settings in the main menu of the FVG318.
Figure 4-6
3. Select WPA with Radius on the pulldown menu. The WPA with Radius menu will open.
Encryption: There is no choice for encryption; this is displayed for your information. For
WPA with Radius, TKIP is used.
4. Enter the Radius settings.
• Primary Server Name/IP Address: This field is required. Enter the name or IP address
of the primary Radius Server on your LAN.
• Secondary Radius Server Name/IP Address: This field is optional. If you have a
Secondary Radius Server on your LAN, enter its name or IP address here.
• Radius Port: Enter the port number used for connecting to the Radius Server.
• Shared Key: Enter the desired value for the Shared Key. This must match the value used
on the Radius server.
5. Click Apply to save your settings.
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How to Configure WPA2 with Radius
Note: Not all wireless adapters support WPA2. Furthermore, client software is required
on the client. Windows XP and Windows 2000 with Service Pack 3 do include the
client software that supports WPA2. Nevertheless, the wireless adapter hardware
and driver must also support WPA2. Consult the product document for your
wireless adapter and WPA2 client software for instructions on configuring WPA2
settings.
To configure WPA2 with Radius, follow these steps:
1. Log in at the default LAN address of http://192.168.1.1 with the default user name of admin
and default password of password, or using whatever LAN address and password you have
set up.
2. Click Wireless Settings in the main menu of the FVG318.
Figure 4-7
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3. Select WPA2 with Radius on the pulldown menu. The WPA2 with Radius menu will open.
Encryption: There is no choice for encryption; this is displayed for your information. For
WPA2 with Radius, AES is used.
4. Enter the Radius settings.
• Primary Server Name/IP Address: This field is required. Enter the name or IP address
of the primary Radius Server on your LAN.
• Secondary Radius Server Name/IP Address: This field is optional. If you have a
Secondary Radius Server on your LAN, enter its name or IP address here.
• Radius Port: Enter the port number used for connecting to the Radius Server.
• Shared Key: Enter the desired value for the Shared Key. This must match the value used
on the Radius server.
5. Click Apply to save your settings.
How to Configure WPA and WPA2 with Radius
Note: Not all wireless adapters support WPA and WPA2. Furthermore, client software is required
on the client. Windows XP and Windows 2000 with Service Pack 3 do include the client software
that supports WPA and WPA2. Nevertheless, the wireless adapter hardware and driver must also
support WPA and WPA2. Consult the product document for your wireless adapter and WPA and
WPA2 client software for instructions on configuring WPA and WPA2 settings.
To configure WPA and WPA2 with Radius, follow these steps:
1. Log in at the default LAN address of http://192.168.1.1 with the default user name of admin
and default password of password, or using whatever LAN address and password you have
set up.
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2. Click Wireless Settings in the main menu of the FVG318.
Figure 4-8
3. Select WPA and WPA2 with Radius on the pulldown menu. The WPA and WPA2 with
Radius menu will open.
Encryption: There is no choice for encryption; this is displayed for your information. For
WPA and WPA2 with Radius, WPA clients must use TKIP, and WPA2 clients must use AES.
4. Enter the Radius settings.
• Primary Server Name/IP Address: This field is required. Enter the name or IP address
of the primary Radius Server on your LAN.
• Secondary Radius Server Name/IP Address: This field is optional. If you have a
Secondary Radius Server on your LAN, enter its name or IP address here.
• Radius Port: Enter the port number used for connecting to the Radius Server.
• Shared Key: Enter the desired value for the Shared Key. This must match the value used
on the Radius server.
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5. Click Apply to save your settings.
How to Configure WPA-PSK
Note: Not all wireless adapters support WPA. Furthermore, client software is required on
the client. Windows XP and Windows 2000 with Service Pack 3 do include the
client software that supports WPA. Nevertheless, the wireless adapter hardware
and driver must also support WPA. Consult the product document for your wireless
adapter and WPA client software for instructions on configuring WPA settings.
To configure WPA-PSK, follow these steps:
1. Log in at the default LAN address of http://192.168.1.1, with the default user name of admin
and default password of password, or using whatever LAN address and password you have
set up.
2. Click Wireless Settings in the main menu of the FVG318.
Figure 4-9
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3. Select WPA-PSK on the pulldown menu. The WPA-PSK menu will open.
4. Select the desired Encryption method. For WPA-PSK, you can choose TKIP or AES.
5. Enter the pre-shared key in the Passphrase field. Enter a word or group of printable characters
in the Passphrase box. The Passphrase must be 8 to 63 characters in length. The 256 Bit key
used for encryption is generated from this passphrase.
6. Enter the Key Lifetime. This setting determines how often the encryption key is changed.
Shorter periods provide greater security, but adversely affect performance. If desired, you can
change the default value.
7. Click Apply to save your settings.
How to Configure WPA2-PSK
Note: Not all wireless adapters support WPA2. Furthermore, client software is required
on the client. Windows XP and Windows 2000 with Service Pack 3 do include the
client software that supports WPA2. Nevertheless, the wireless adapter hardware
and driver must also support WPA2. Consult the product document for your
wireless adapter and WP2 client software for instructions on configuring WPA2
settings.
To configure WPA2-PSK, follow these steps:
1. Log in at the default LAN address of http://192.168.1.1, with the default user name of admin
and default password of password, or using whatever LAN address and password you have
set up.
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2. Click Wireless Settings in the main menu of the FVG318.
Figure 4-10
3. Select WPA2-PSK on the pulldown menu. The WPA2-PSK menu will open.
4. Select the desired Encryption method. For WPA2-PSK, the only option is AES.
5. Enter the pre-shared key in the Passphrase field. Enter a word or group of printable characters
in the Passphrase box. The Passphrase must be 8 to 63 characters in length. The 256 Bit key
used for encryption is generated from this passphrase.
6. Enter the Key Lifetime. This setting determines how often the encryption key is changed.
Shorter periods provide greater security, but adversely affect performance. If desired, you can
change the default value.
7. Click Apply to save your settings.
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How to Configure WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK
Note: Not all wireless adapters support WPA and WPA2. Furthermore, client software is
required on the client. Windows XP and Windows 2000 with Service Pack 3 do
include the client software that supports WPA and WPA2. Nevertheless, the
wireless adapter hardware and driver must also support WPA and WPA2. Consult
the product document for your wireless adapter and WPA and WPA2 client
software for instructions on configuring WPA and WPA2 settings.
To configure WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK, follow these steps:
1. Log in at the default LAN address of http://192.168.1.1, with the default user name of admin
and default password of password, or using whatever LAN address and password you have
set up.
2. Click Wireless Settings in the main menu of the FVG318.
Figure 4-11
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3. Select WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK on the pulldown menu. The WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK
menu will open.
4. Select the desired Encryption method. For WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK, the only option is
TKIP + AES. WPA clients must use TKIP, and WPA2 clients must use AES.
5. Enter the pre-shared key in the Passphrase field. Enter a word or group of printable characters
in the Passphrase box. The Passphrase must be 8 to 63 characters in length. The 256 Bit key
used for encryption is generated from this passphrase.
6. Enter the Key Lifetime. This setting determines how often the encryption key is changed.
Shorter periods provide greater security, but adversely affect performance. If desired, you can
change the default value.
7. Click Apply to save your settings.
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Chapter 5
Firewall Protection and
Content Filtering
This chapter describes how to use the content filtering features of the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g
VPN Firewall Model FVG318 to protect your network. These features can be found by clicking on
the Security heading in the main menu of the browser interface.
Firewall Protection and Content Filtering Overview
The ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318 provides you with Web content
filtering options, plus browsing activity reporting and instant alerts via e-mail. Parents and
network administrators can establish restricted access policies based on time-of-day, Web
addresses and Web address keywords. You can also block Internet access by applications and
services, such as chat or games.
A firewall is a special category of router that protects one network (the trusted network, such as
your LAN) from another (the untrusted network, such as the Internet), while allowing
communication between the two. A firewall incorporates the functions of a NAT (Network
Address Translation) router, while adding features for dealing with a hacker intrusion or attack,
and for controlling the types of traffic that can flow between the two networks. Unlike simple
Internet sharing NAT routers, a firewall uses a process called stateful packet inspection to protect
your network from attacks and intrusions. NAT performs a very limited stateful inspection in that
it considers whether the incoming packet is in response to an outgoing request, but true stateful
packet inspection goes far beyond NAT.
To configure these features of your firewall, click on the subheadings under the Security heading
in the main menu of the browser interface. The subheadings are described below:
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Block Sites
The FVG318 allows you to restrict access based on Web components and Web addresses and Web
address keywords. Up to 255 entries are supported in the Keyword list. The Block Sites menu is
shown below. The FVG318 allows you to exempt trusted domains from keyword filtering.
Figure 5-1
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If you want to block any Web components, select those Web components. For example, if you
select Java, then Java files will be blocked. Click Apply.
To enable keyword blocking, check Turn keyword blocking on, then click Apply.
Figure 5-2
To add a keyword or domain, type it in the Keyword box, click Add Keyword, then click Apply.
To delete a keyword or domain, select it from the list, click Delete Keyword, then click Apply.
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Keyword application examples:
•
If the keyword "XXX" is specified, the URL <http://www.badstuff.com/xxx.html> is blocked,
as is the newsgroup alt.pictures.XXX.
•
If the keyword “.com” is specified, only Web sites with other domain suffixes (such as .edu or
.gov) can be viewed.
•
If you wish to block all Internet browsing access, enter the keyword “.”.
To exempt specific trusted domains from keyword filtering, add them to the Trusted Domains list.
Web component filtering still applies to these domains.
To add a trusted domain, type it in the Trusted Domains box, click Add Trusted Domain, then
click Apply.
To delete a domain, select it from the list, click Delete Trusted Domain, then click Apply.
Using Rules to Block or Allow Specific Kinds of Traffic
Firewall rules are used to block or allow specific traffic passing through from one side to the other.
Inbound rules (WAN to LAN) restrict access by outsiders to private resources, selectively allowing
only specific outside users to access specific resources. Outbound rules (LAN to WAN) determine
what outside resources local users can have access to.
A firewall has two default rules, one for inbound traffic and one for outbound. The default rules of
the FVG318 are:
•
Inbound: Block all access from outside except responses to requests from the LAN side.
•
Outbound: Allow all access from the LAN side to the outside.
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These default rules are shown in the Rules table of the Rules menu.
Figure 5-3
You may define additional rules that specify exceptions to the default rules. By adding custom
rules, you can block or allow access based on the service or application, source or destination IP
addresses, and time of day. You can also choose to log traffic that matches or does not match the
rule you have defined.
To create a new rule, click the Add button.
To edit an existing rule, select its button on the left side of the table and click Edit.
To delete an existing rule, select its button on the left side of the table and click Delete.
To move an existing rule to a different position in the table, select its button on the left side of the
table and click Move. At the script prompt, enter the number of the desired new position and
click OK.
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An example of the menu for defining or editing a rule is shown in Figure 5-4 on page 5-7. The
parameters are:
•
Service. From this list, select the application or service to be allowed or blocked. The list
already displays many common services, but you are not limited to these choices. Use the
Services menu to add any additional services or applications that do not already appear.
•
Action. Choose how you would like this type of traffic to be handled. You can block or allow
always, or you can choose to block or allow according to the schedule you have defined in the
Schedule menu.
•
Source Address. Specify traffic originating on the LAN (outbound) or the WAN (inbound),
and choose whether you would like the traffic to be restricted by source IP address. You can
select Any, a Single address, or a Range. If you select a range of addresses, enter the range in
the start and finish boxes. If you select a single address, enter it in the start box.
•
Destination Address.The Destination Address will be assumed to be from the opposite (LAN
or WAN) of the Source Address. As with the Source Address, you can select Any, a Single
address, or a Range unless NAT is enabled and the destination is the LAN. In that case, you
must enter a Single LAN address in the start box.
•
Priority. You can select the quality of service of the traffic passing through this firewall rule.
The choices are:
• None — Type of service will be decided by the applications which are generating this
traffic.
• Numbers 2 through 6 — Where +5 is the highest priority, and others follow.
•
Log. You can select whether the traffic will be logged. The choices are:
• Never — no log entries will be made for this service.
• Match — traffic of this type that matches the parameters and action will be logged.
Inbound Rules (Port Forwarding)
Because the FVG318 uses Network Address Translation (NAT), your network presents only one
IP address to the Internet, and outside users cannot directly address any of your local computers.
However, by defining an inbound rule you can make a local server (for example, a Web server or
game server) visible and available to the Internet. The rule tells the firewall to direct inbound
traffic for a particular service to one local server based on the destination port number. This is also
known as port forwarding.
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Note: Some residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server
processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may
periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any
active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to the Acceptable Use
Policy of your ISP.
Remember that allowing inbound services opens holes in your FVG318 wireless VPN firewall.
Only enable those ports that are necessary for your network. Following are two application
examples of inbound rules:
Inbound Rule Example: A Local Public Web Server
If you host a public Web server on your local network, you can define a rule to allow inbound Web
(HTTP) requests from any outside IP address to the IP address of your Web server at any time of
day. This rule is shown below.
Figure 5-4
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Inbound Rule Example: Allowing a Videoconference from Restricted Addresses
If you want to allow incoming videoconferencing to be initiated from a restricted range of outside
IP addresses, such as from a branch office, you can create an inbound rule. In the example shown
below, CU-SEEME connections are allowed only from a specified range of external IP addresses.
Figure 5-5
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Considerations for Inbound Rules
Figure 5-6
•
If your external IP address is assigned dynamically by your ISP, the IP address may change
periodically as the DHCP lease expires. Consider using the Dyamic DNS feature in the
Advanced menus so that external users can always find your network.
•
If the IP address of the local server PC is assigned by DHCP, it may change when the PC is
rebooted. To avoid this, use the Reserved IP address feature in the LAN IP menu to keep the
PC’s IP address constant.
•
Each local PC must access the local server using the PC’s local LAN address (192.168.0.99 in
this example). Attempts by local PCs to access the server using the external WAN IP address
will fail.
Outbound Rules (Service Blocking)
The FVG318 allows you to block the use of certain Internet services by PCs on your network. This
is called service blocking or port filtering. You can define an outbound rule to block Internet
access from a local PC based on:
• IP address of the local PC (source address)
• IP address of the Internet site being contacted (destination address)
• Time of day
• Type of service being requested (service port number)
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Following is an application example of an outbound rule:
Outbound Rule Example: Blocking Instant Messenger
If you want to block Instant Messenger usage by employees during working hours, you can create
an outbound rule to block that application from any internal IP address to any external address
according to the schedule that you have created in the Schedule menu.
Figure 5-7
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Order of Precedence for Rules
Figure 5-8
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As you define new rules, they are added to the tables in the Rules table, as shown below:
Figure 5-9
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For any traffic attempting to pass through the firewall, the packet information is subjected to the
rules in the order shown in the Rules table, beginning at the top and proceeding to the default rules
at the bottom. In some cases, the order of precedence of two or more rules may be important in
determining the disposition of a packet. The Move button allows you to relocate a defined rule to a
new position in the table.
Figure 5-10
Default DMZ Server
Incoming traffic from the Internet is normally discarded by the firewall unless the traffic is a
response to one of your local computers or a service for which you have configured an inbound
rule. Instead of discarding this traffic, you can have it forwarded to one computer on your network.
This computer is called the Default DMZ Server.
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The Default DMZ Server feature is helpful when using some online games and videoconferencing
applications that are incompatible with NAT. The firewall is programmed to recognize some of
these applications and to work properly with them, but there are other applications that may not
function well. In some cases, one local PC can run the application properly if that PC’s IP address
is entered as the Default DMZ Server.
Note: For security, NETGEAR strongly recommends that you avoid using the Default
DMZ Server feature. When a computer is designated as the Default DMZ Server, it
loses much of the protection of the firewall, and is exposed to many exploits from
the Internet. If compromised, the computer can be used to attack your network.
To assign a computer or server to be a Default DMZ server:
1. Click Default DMZ Server.
2. Type the IP address for that server.
3. Click Apply.
Note: In this application, the use of the term “DMZ” has become common, although it is
a misnomer. In traditional firewalls, a DMZ is actually a separate physical network
port. A true DMZ port is for connecting servers that require greater access from
the outside, and will therefore be provided with a different level of security by the
firewall. A better term for our application is Exposed Host.
Attack Checks
The check boxes listed below allow you to enable checks on specific types of attacks:
•
VPN Passthrough — Enable this to pass the VPN traffic without any filtering.
•
Drop fragmented IP packets — Enable this to drop fragmented IP packets.
•
Block TCP flood — Enable this to protect the router from Syn flood attack.
•
Block UDP flood — Enable this to limit the number of UDP sessions created from one LAN
machine.
•
Enable DNS proxy — Enable this to allow incoming DNS queries.
•
Enable Stealth Mode — Enable this to set the firewall to operate in stealth mode.
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Services
Services are functions performed by server computers at the request of client computers. For
example, Web servers serve Web pages, time servers serve time and date information, and game
hosts serve data about other players’ moves. When a computer on the Internet sends a request for
service to a server computer, the requested service is identified by a service or port number. This
number appears as the destination port number in the transmitted IP packets. For example, a packet
that is sent with destination port number 80 is an HTTP (Web server) request.
The service numbers for many common protocols are defined by the Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF) and published in RFC1700, “Assigned Numbers.” Service numbers for other
applications are typically chosen from the range 1024 to 65535 by the authors of the application.
Although the FVG318 already holds a list of many service port numbers, you are not limited to
these choices. Use the Services menu to add additional services and applications to the list for use
in defining firewall rules. The Services menu shows a list of services that you have defined.
Figure 5-11
To define a new service, first you must determine which port number or range of numbers is used
by the application. This information can usually be determined by contacting the publisher of the
application or from user groups of newsgroups.
To add a service:
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1. When you have the port number information, go the Services menu and click on the Add
Custom Service button. The Add Services menu appears.
Figure 5-12
2. Enter a descriptive name for the service so that you will remember what it is.
3. Select whether the service uses TCP or UDP as its transport protocol.
If you can’t determine which is used, select both.
4. Enter the lowest port number used by the service.
5. Enter the highest port number used by the service.
If the service only uses a single port number, enter the same number in both fields.
6. Click Apply.
The new service now appears in the Services menu and in the Service name selection box in the
Rules menu.
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Using a Schedule to Block or Allow Specific Traffic
If you enabled content filtering in the Block Sites menu, or if you defined an outbound rule to use
a schedule, you can set up a schedule for when blocking occurs or when access is restricted. The
firewall allows you to specify when blocking will be enforced by configuring the Schedule page.
Figure 5-13
To block keywords or Internet domains based on a schedule, select Every Day or select one or
more days. If you want to limit access completely for the selected days, select All Day. Otherwise,
If you want to limit access during certain times for the selected days, type a Start Blocking time
and an End Blocking time.
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Note: Enter the values as 24-hour time. For example, to specify 10:30 am, enter 10 hours
and 30 minutes; for 10:30 pm, enter 22 hours and 30 minutes.
Be sure to click Apply when you have finished configuring this page.
Time Zone
The FVG318 wireless VPN firewall uses the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to obtain the current
time and date from one of several Network Time Servers on the Internet. In order to localize the
time for your log entries, you must specify your Time Zone:
•
Time Zone. Select your local time zone. This setting will be used for the blocking schedule
and for time-stamping log entries.
•
Daylight Savings Time. Check this box for daylight savings time.
Note: If your region uses Daylight Savings Time, you must manually select Adjust for
Daylight Savings Time on the first day of Daylight Savings Time, and unselect it at the end.
Enabling Daylight Savings Time will add one hour to the standard time.
Be sure to click Apply when you have finished configuring this menu.
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Getting E-Mail Notifications of Event Logs and Alerts
In order to receive logs and alerts by e-mail, you must provide your e-mail information in the Send
alerts and logs by e-mail area:
Figure 5-14
•
Turn e-mail notification on. Check this box if you wish to receive e-mail logs and alerts from
the firewall.
•
Send alerts and logs by e-mail. If your enable e-mail notification, these boxes cannot be
blank. Enter the name or IP address of your ISP’s outgoing (SMTP) mail server (such as
mail.myISP.com). You may be able to find this information in the configuration menu of your
e-mail program. Enter the e-mail address to which logs and alerts are sent. This e-mail address
will also be used as the From address. If you leave this box blank, log and alert messages will
not be sent via e-mail.
If your mail server requires authentication, check that box and enter the user name and
password for the e-mail address.
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•
•
Send E-mail alerts immediately. You can specify that logs are immediately sent to the
specified e-mail address when any of the following events occur:
–
If a Denial of Service attack is detected.
–
If a Port Scan is detected.
–
If a user on your LAN attempts to access a Web site that you blocked using the Block Sites
menu.
Send logs according to this schedule. You can specify that logs are sent to you according to a
schedule. Select whether you would like to receive the logs None, Hourly, Daily, Weekly, or
When Log is Full. Depending on your selection, you may also need to specify:
–
Day for sending log
Relevant when the log is sent weekly or daily.
–
Time for sending log
Relevant when the log is sent daily or weekly.
If the Weekly, Daily or Hourly option is selected and the log fills up before the specified
period, the log is automatically e-mailed to the specified e-mail address. After the log is sent,
the log is cleared from the firewall’s memory. If the firewall cannot e-mail the log file, the log
buffer may fill up. In this case, the firewall overwrites the log and discards its contents.
Be sure to click Apply when you have finished configuring this menu.
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Viewing Logs of Web Access or Attempted Web Access
The firewall logs security-related events such as denied incoming and outgoing service requests,
hacker probes, and administrator logins. If you enable content filtering in the Block Sites menu,
the Log page will also show you when someone on your network tried to access a blocked site. If
you enabled e-mail notification, you'll receive these logs in an e-mail message. If you don't have email notification enabled, you can view the logs here. An example is shown below.
Figure 5-15
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Log entries are described in Table 5-1
Table 5-1. Log entry descriptions
Field
Description
Date and Time
The date and time the log entry was recorded.
Description or
Action
The type of event and what action was taken if any.
Source IP
The IP address of the initiating device for this log entry.
Source port and
interface
The service port number of the initiating device, and whether it
originated from the LAN or WAN.
Destination
The name or IP address of the destination device or Web site.
Destination port and The service port number of the destination device, and whether it’s on
interface
the LAN or WAN.
Log action buttons are described in Table 5-2
Table 5-2. Log action buttons
Button
Description
Refresh
Refresh the log screen.
Clear Log
Clear the log entries.
Send Log
Email the log immediately.
Syslog
You can configure the firewall to send system logs to an external PC that is running a syslog
logging program. Enter the IP address of the logging PC and click the Enable Syslog check box.
Logging programs are available for Windows, Macintosh, and Linux computers.
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Chapter 6
Basic Virtual Private Networking
This chapter describes how to use the virtual private networking (VPN) features of the FVG318
wireless VPN firewall. VPN communications paths are called tunnels. VPN tunnels provide
secure, encrypted communications between your local network and a remote network or computer.
The VPN information is organized as follows:
•
“Overview of VPN Configuration” on page 6-2 provides an overview of the two most
common VPN configurations: client-to-gateway and gateway-to-gateway.
•
“Planning a VPN” on page 6-3 provides the VPN Committee (VPNC) recommended default
parameters set by the VPN Wizard.
•
“VPN Tunnel Configuration” on page 6-5 summarizes the two ways to configure a VPN
tunnel: VPN Wizard (recommended for most situations) and Advanced (see Chapter 7,
“Advanced Virtual Private Networking).
•
“How to Set Up a Client-to-Gateway VPN Configuration” on page 6-5 provides the steps
needed to configure a VPN tunnel between a remote PC and a network gateway using the VPN
Wizard and the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client.
•
“How to Set Up a Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Configuration” on page 6-22 provides the steps
needed to configure a VPN tunnel between two network gateways using the VPN Wizard.
•
“VPN Tunnel Control” on page 6-29 provides the step-by-step procedures for activating,
verifying, deactivating, and deleting a VPN tunnel once the VPN tunnel has been configured.
•
Chapter 7, “Advanced Virtual Private Networking” provides the steps needed to configure
VPN tunnels when there are special circumstances and the VPNC recommended defaults of
the VPN Wizard are inappropriate.
•
“Virtual Private Networking (VPN):” in Appendix A” discusses Virtual Private Networking
(VPN) Internet Protocol security (IPSec). IPSec is one of the most complete, secure, and
commercially available, standards-based protocols developed for transporting data.
•
Appendix C, “VPN Configuration of NETGEAR FVG318” presents a case study on how to
configure a secure IPSec VPN tunnel from a NETGEAR FVG318 to a FVL328. This case
study follows the VPN Consortium interoperability profile guidelines (found at
http://www.vpnc.org/InteropProfiles/Interop-01.html).
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Overview of VPN Configuration
Two common scenarios for configuring VPN tunnels are between a remote personal computer and
a network gateway and between two or more network gateways. The FVG318 supports both of
these types of VPN configurations. The FVG318 wireless VPN firewall supports up to eight
concurrent tunnels.
Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnels
Client-to-gateway VPN tunnels provide secure access from a remote PC, such as a telecommuter
connecting to an office network.
FVS318
VPN Tunnel
24.0.0.1
192.168.3.1
PCs
Figure 6-1
A VPN client access allows a remote PC to connect to your network from any location on the
Internet. In this case, the remote PC is one tunnel endpoint, running the VPN client software. The
FVG318 wireless VPN firewall on your network is the other tunnel endpoint. See “How to Set Up
a Client-to-Gateway VPN Configuration” on page 6-5 to set up this configuration.
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Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Tunnels
Gateway-to-gateway VPN tunnels provide secure access between networks, such as a branch or
home office and a main office.
VPN Tunnel
VPN Gateway B
VPN Gateway A
PCs
PCs
Figure 6-2
A VPN between two or more NETGEAR VPN-enabled firewalls is a good way to connect branch
or home offices and business partners over the Internet. VPN tunnels also enable access to network
resources across the Internet. In this case, use FVG318s on each end of the tunnel to form the VPN
tunnel end points. See “How to Set Up a Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Configuration” on page 6-22
to set up this configuration.
Planning a VPN
To set up a VPN connection, you must configure each endpoint with specific identification and
connection information describing the other endpoint. You must configure the outbound VPN
settings on one end to match the inbound VPN settings on other end, and vice versa.
This set of configuration information defines a security association (SA) between the two VPN
endpoints. When planning your VPN, you must make a few choices first:
•
Will the local end be any device on the LAN, a portion of the local network (as defined by a
subnet or by a range of IP addresses), or a single PC?
•
Will the remote end be any device on the remote LAN, a portion of the remote network (as
defined by a subnet or by a range of IP addresses), or a single PC?
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•
•
Will either endpoint use Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDNs)? Many DSL accounts are
provisioned with DHCP addressing, where the IP address of the WAN port can change from
time to time. Under these circumstances, configuring the WAN port with a dynamic DNS
(DynDNS) service provider simplifies the configuration task. When DynDNS is configured on
the WAN port, configure the VPN using FDQN.
FQDNs supplied by Dynamic DNS providers can allow a VPN endpoint with a dynamic IP
address to initiate or respond to a tunnel request. Otherwise, the side using a dynamic IP
address must always be the initiator.
What method will you use to configure your VPN tunnels?
— The VPN Wizard using VPNC defaults (see Table 6-1)
— Advanced methods (see Chapter 7, “Advanced Virtual Private Networking”)
Table 6-1. Parameters recommended by the VPNC and used in the VPN Wizard
Parameter
Factory Default
Secure Association
Main Mode
Authentication Method
Pre-shared Key
Encryption Method
3DES
Authentication Protocol
SHA-1
Diffie-Hellman (DH) Group
Group 2 (1024 bit)
Key Life
8 hours
IKE Life Time
24 hours
NETBIOS
Enabled
•
What level of IPSec VPN encryption will you use?
— DE — The Data Encryption Standard (DES) processes input data that is 64 bits wide,
encrypting these values using a 56 bit key. Faster but less secure than 3DES.
— 3DES — (Triple DES) achieves a higher level of security by encrypting the data three
times using DES with three different, unrelated keys.
•
— AES
What level of authentication will you use?
— MDS — 128 bits, faster but less secure.
— SHA-1 — 160 bits, slower but more secure.
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Note: NETGEAR publishes additional interoperability scenarios with various gateway
and client software products.
VPN Tunnel Configuration
There are two tunnel configurations and three ways to configure them:
•
Use the VPN Wizard to configure a VPN tunnel (recommended for most situations):
— See “How to Set Up a Client-to-Gateway VPN Configuration” on page 6-5.
— See “How to Set Up a Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Configuration” on page 6-22.
•
See Chapter 7, “Advanced Virtual Private Networking” when the VPN Wizard and its VPNC
defaults (see Table 6-1 on page 6-4) are not appropriate for your special circumstances.
How to Set Up a Client-to-Gateway VPN Configuration
Setting up a VPN between a remote PC running the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client and a
network gateway (see figure below) involves the following two steps:
•
“Step 1: Configuring the Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnel on the FVG318” on page 6-6 uses
the VPN Wizard to configure the VPN tunnel between the remote PC and network gateway.
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•
“Step 2: Configuring the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client on the Remote PC” on page 6-10
configures the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client endpoint.
FVS318v3
VPN Tunnel
24.0.0.1
192.168.3.1
PC
(Running NETGEAR
ProSafe VPN Client)
PCs
Figure 6-3
Step 1: Configuring the Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnel on the
FVG318
Note: This section uses the VPN Wizard to set up the VPN tunnel using the VPNC
default parameters listed in Table 6-1 on page 6-4. If you have special requirements
not covered by these VPNC-recommended parameters, refer to Chapter 7,
“Advanced Virtual Private Networking” to set up the VPN tunnel.
Follow this procedure to configure a client-to-gateway VPN tunnel using the VPN Wizard.
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1. Log in to the FVG318 at its LAN address of http://192.168.1.1 with its default user name of
admin and password of password. Click the VPN Wizard link in the main menu to display
this screen. Click Next to proceed.
Figure 6-4
2. Fill in the Connection Name and the pre-shared key, select the type of target end point, and
click Next to proceed.
Note: The Connection Name is arbitrary and not relevant to how the configuration
functions.
Enter the new Connection Name:
(RoadWarrior in this example)
Enter the pre-shared key:
(12345678 in this example)
Select the radio button:
A remote VPN client (single PC)
Figure 6-5
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The Summary screen below displays.
Figure 6-6
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To view the VPNC recommended authentication and encryption settings used by the VPN
Wizard, click the here link (see Figure 6-6). Click Back to return to the Summary screen.
Figure 6-7
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3. Click Done on the Summary screen (see Figure 6-6) to complete the configuration procedure.
The VPN Policies menu below displays showing that the new tunnel is enabled.
Figure 6-8
To view or modify the tunnel settings, select the radio button next to the tunnel entry and click
Edit.
Step 2: Configuring the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client on the
Remote PC
This procedure describes how to configure the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client. This example
assumes the PC running the client has a dynamically assigned IP address.
The PC must have the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client program installed that supports IPSec. Go
to the NETGEAR Web site (http://www.netgear.com) and select VPN01L_VPN05L in the Product
Quick Find drop-down menu for information on how to purchase the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN
Client.
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Note: Before installing the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client software, be sure to turn off
any virus protection or firewall software you may be running on your PC.
1. Install the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client on the remote PC and reboot.
a. You may need to insert your Windows CD to complete the installation.
b. If you do not have a modem or dial-up adapter installed in your PC, you may see the
warning message stating “The NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Component requires at least one
dial-up adapter be installed.” You can disregard this message.
c. Install the IPSec Component. You may have the option to install either the VPN Adapter
or the IPSec Component or both. The VPN Adapter is not necessary.
d. The system should show the ProSafe icon (
) in the system tray after rebooting.
e. Double-click the system tray icon to open the Security Policy Editor.
2. Add a new connection
Note: The procedure in this section explains how to create a new security policy from
scratch. For the procedure on how to import an existing security policy that has
already been created on another client running the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN
Client, see “Transferring a Security Policy to Another Client” on page 6-19.
a. Run the NETGEAR ProSafe Security Policy Editor program and create a VPN
Connection.
b. From the Edit menu of the Security Policy Editor, click Add, then Connection. A “New
Connection” listing appears in the list of policies. Rename the “New Connection” so that it
matches the Connection Name you entered in the VPN Settings of the FVG318 on
LAN A.
Note: In this example, the Connection Name used on the client side of the VPN
tunnel is NETGEAR_VPN_router and it does not have to match the
RoadWarrior Connection Name used on the gateway side of the VPN
tunnel (see Figure 6-5) because Connection Names are unrelated to how
the VPN tunnel functions.
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Tip: Choose Connection Names that make sense to the people using and
administrating the VPN.
Figure 6-9
Figure 6-10
c. Select Secure in the Connection Security check box.
d. Select IP Subnet in the ID Type menu.
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In this example, type 192.168.3.1 in the Subnet field as the network address of the
FVG318.
e. Enter 255.255.255.0 in the Mask field as the LAN Subnet Mask of the FVG318.
f.
Select All in the Protocol menu to allow all traffic through the VPN tunnel.
g. Select the Connect using Secure Gateway Tunnel check box.
h. Select IP Address in the ID Type menu below the check box.
i.
Enter the public WAN IP Address of the FVG318 in the field directly below the ID Type
menu. In this example, 22.23.24.25 would be used.
The resulting Connection Settings are shown in Figure 6-10.
3. Configure the Security Policy in the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client software.
a. In the Network Security Policy list, expand the new connection by double clicking its
name or clicking on the “+” symbol. My Identity and Security Policy subheadings appear
below the connection name.
b. Click on the Security Policy subheading to show the Security Policy menu.
Figure 6-11
c. Select the Main Mode in the Select Phase 1 Negotiation Mode check box.
4. Configure the VPN Client Identity.
In this step, you will provide information about the remote VPN client PC. You will need to
provide:
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— The Pre-Shared Key that you configured in the FVG318.
— Either a fixed IP address or a “fixed virtual” IP address of the VPN client PC.
a. In the Network Security Policy list on the left side of the Security Policy Editor window,
click on My Identity.
Figure 6-12
b. Choose None in the Select Certificate box.
c. Select IP Address in the ID Type box. If you are using a virtual fixed IP address, enter this
address in the Internal Network IP Address box. Otherwise, leave this box empty.
d. In the Internet Interface box, select the adapter you use to access the Internet. Select PPP
Adapter in the Name menu if you have a dial-up Internet account. Select your Ethernet
adapter if you have a dedicated Cable or DSL line. You may also choose Any if you will
be switching between adapters or if you have only one adapter.
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e. Click the Pre-Shared Key button. In the Pre-Shared Key dialog box, click the Enter Key
button. Enter the FVG318's Pre-Shared Key and click OK. In this example, 12345678 is
entered. This field is case sensitive.
Figure 6-13
5. Configure the VPN Client Authentication Proposal.
In this step, you will provide the type of encryption (DES or 3DES) to be used for this
connection. This selection must match your selection in the FVG318 configuration.
a. In the Network Security Policy list on the left side of the Security Policy Editor window,
expand the Security Policy heading by double clicking its name or clicking on the “+”
symbol.
b. Expand the Authentication subheading by double clicking its name or clicking on the “+”
symbol. Then select Proposal 1 below Authentication.
Figure 6-14
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c. In the Authentication Method menu, select Pre-Shared key.
d. In the Encrypt Alg menu, select the type of encryption. In this example, use Triple DES.
e. In the Hash Alg menu, select SHA-1.
f.
In the SA Life menu, select Unspecified.
g. In the Key Group menu, select Diffie-Hellman Group 2.
6. Configure the VPN Client Key Exchange Proposal.
In this step, you will provide the type of encryption (DES or 3DES) to be used for this
connection. This selection must match your selection in the FVG318 configuration.
a. Expand the Key Exchange subheading by double clicking its name or clicking on the “+”
symbol. Then select Proposal 1 below Key Exchange.
Figure 6-15
b. In the SA Life menu, select Unspecified.
c. In the Compression menu, select None.
d. Check the Encapsulation Protocol (ESP) check box.
e. In the Encrypt Alg menu, select the type of encryption. In this example, use Triple DES.
f.
In the Hash Alg menu, select SHA-1.
g. In the Encapsulation menu, select Tunnel.
h. Leave the Authentication Protocol (AH) check box unchecked.
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7. Save the VPN Client Settings.
From the File menu at the top of the Security Policy Editor window, select Save.
After you have configured and saved the VPN client information, your PC will automatically
open the VPN connection when you attempt to access any IP addresses in the range of the
remote VPN firewall’s LAN.
1. Check the VPN Connection.
To check the VPN Connection, you can initiate a request from the remote PC to the FVG318’s
network by using the “Connect” option in the NETGEAR ProSafe menu bar. The NETGEAR
ProSafe client will report the results of the attempt to connect. Since the remote PC has a
dynamically assigned WAN IP address, it must initiate the request.
To perform a ping test using our example, start from the remote PC:
a. Establish an Internet connection from the PC.
b. On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, and then click Run.
c. Type ping -t 192.168.3.1 , and then click OK.
Figure 6-16
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This will cause a continuous ping to be sent to the first FVG318. After between several
seconds and two minutes, the ping response should change from “timed out” to “reply.”
Figure 6-17
Once the connection is established, you can open the browser of the PC and enter the LAN IP
address of the remote FVG318. After a short wait, you should see the login screen of the Wireless
VPN Firewall (unless another PC already has the FVG318 management interface open).
Monitoring the Progress and Status of the VPN Client Connection
Information on the progress and status of the VPN client connection can be viewed by opening the
NETGEAR ProSafe Log Viewer.
1. To launch this function, click on the Windows Start button, then select Programs, then
NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client, then Log Viewer.
The Log Viewer screen for a similar successful connection is shown below:
Figure 6-18
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Note: Use the active VPN tunnel information and pings to determine whether a failed
connection is due to the VPN tunnel or some reason outside the VPN tunnel.
2. The Connection Monitor screen for a similar connection is shown below:
Figure 6-19
In this example you can see the following:
• The FVG318 has a public IP WAN address of 22.23.24.25.
• The FVG318 has a LAN IP address of 192.168.3.1.
• The VPN client PC has a dynamically assigned address of 192.168.2.2.
While the connection is being established, the Connection Name field in this menu will say “SA”
before the name of the connection. When the connection is successful, the “SA” will change to the
yellow key symbol shown in the illustration above.
Note: While your PC is connected to a remote LAN through a VPN, you might not have
normal Internet access. If this is the case, you will need to close the VPN
connection in order to have normal Internet access.
Transferring a Security Policy to Another Client
This section explains how to export and import a security policy as an .spd file so that an existing
NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client configuration can be copied to other PCs running the NETGEAR
ProSafe VPN Client.
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Exporting a Security Policy
The following procedure (Figure 6-20) enables you to export a security policy as an .spd file.
Step 1: Select Export Security Policy from
the File pulldown.
Step 2: Click Export once you decide the name of the file
and directory where you want to store the client policy.
In this example, the exported policy is named policy.spd
and is being stored on the C drive.
Figure 6-20
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Importing a Security Policy
The following procedure (Figure 6-21) enables you to import an existing security policy.
Step 1: Invoke the NETGEAR ProSafe
VPN Client and select Import Security
Policy from the File pulldown.
Step 2: Select the security policy to import.
In this example, the security policy file is
named FVS318v3_clientpolicy_direct.spd
and located on the Desktop.
The security policy is now imported.
In this example, the connection name is
Scenario_1.
Figure 6-21
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How to Set Up a Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Configuration
Note: This section uses the VPN Wizard to set up the VPN tunnel using the VPNC
default parameters listed in Table 6-1 on page 6-4. If you have special requirements
not covered by these VPNC-recommended parameters, refer to Chapter 7,
“Advanced Virtual Private Networking” to set up the VPN tunnel.
A
VPN Tunnel
B
FVS318v3 VPN Firewall
FVS318v3 VPN Firewall
PCs
PCs
Figure 6-22
Follow the procedure below to set the LAN IPs on each FVG318 to different subnets and
configure each properly for the Internet.
The LAN IP address ranges of each VPN endpoint must be different. The connection will fail if
both are using the NETGEAR default address range of 192.168.0.x.
In this example, LAN A uses 192.168.0.1 and LAN B uses 192.168.3.1.
Procedure to Configure a Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Tunnel
Follow this procedure to configure a gateway-to-gateway VPN tunnel using the VPN Wizard.
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1. Log in to the FVG318 on LAN A at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its
default user name of admin and password of password. Click the VPN Wizard link in the
main menu to display this screen. Click Next to proceed.
Figure 6-23
2. Fill in the Connection Name and the pre-shared key, select the type of target end point, and
click Next to proceed.
Enter the new Connection Name:
(GtoG in this example)
Enter the pre-shared key:
(12345678 in this example)
Select the radio button:
A remote VPN Gateway
Figure 6-24
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3. Fill in the IP Address or FQDN for the target VPN endpoint WAN connection and click Next.
Enter the WAN IP address of the
remote VPN gateway:
(22.23.24.25 in this example)
Figure 6-25
4. Identify the IP addresses at the target endpoint that can use this tunnel, and click Next.
Enter the LAN IP settings of the remote VPN
gateway:
• IP Address
(192.168.3.1 in this example)
• Subnet Mask
(255.255.255.0 in this example)
Figure 6-26
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The Summary screen below displays.
Figure 6-27
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To view the VPNC recommended authentication and encryption settings used by the VPN
Wizard, click the here link (see Figure 6-27). Click Back to return to the Summary screen.
Figure 6-28
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5. Click Done on the Summary screen (see Figure 6-27) to complete the configuration
procedure. The VPN Policies menu below displays showing that the new tunnel is enabled.
Figure 6-29
6. Repeat for the FVG318 on LAN B. Pay special attention and use the following network
settings as appropriate.
•
WAN IP of the remote VPN gateway (e.g., 14.15.16.17)
•
LAN IP settings of the remote VPN gateway:
— IP Address (e.g, 192.168.0.1)
— Subnet Mask (e.g., 255.255.255.0)
— Preshared Key (e.g., 12345678)
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7. Use the VPN Status screen to activate the VPN tunnel by performing the following steps:
Note: The VPN Status screen is only one of three ways to active a VPN tunnel. See
“Activating a VPN Tunnel” on page 6-29 for information on the other ways.
a. Open the FVG318 management interface and click on VPN Status under VPN to get the
VPN Status/Log screen shown below.
Figure 6-30
b. Click on VPN Status (in Figure 6-30) to get the IPSec Connection Status screen
(Figure 6-31). Click on Connect for the VPN tunnel you want to activate.
Figure 6-31
c. Look at the VPN Status/Log screen (Figure 6-30) to verify that the tunnel is connected.
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VPN Tunnel Control
Activating a VPN Tunnel
There are three ways to activate a VPN tunnel:
• Start using the VPN tunnel.
• Use the VPN Status page.
• Activate the VPN tunnel by pinging the remote endpoint.
Start Using a VPN Tunnel to Activate It
To use a VPN tunnel, use a Web browser to go to a URL whose IP address or range is covered by
the policy for that VPN tunnel.
Using the VPN Status Page to Activate a VPN Tunnel
To use the VPN Status screen to activate a VPN tunnel, perform the following steps:
1. Log in to the Wireless VPN Firewall.
2. Open the FVG318 management interface and click on VPN Status under VPN to get the VPN
Status/Log screen shown below.
Figure 6-32
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3. Click VPN Status (Figure 6-32) to get the IPSec Connection Status screen (Figure 6-33).
Click Connect for the VPN tunnel you want to activate.
Figure 6-33
Activate the VPN Tunnel by Pinging the Remote Endpoint
Note: This section uses 192.168.3.1 for an example remote endpoint LAN IP address.
To activate the VPN tunnel by pinging the remote endpoint (192.168.3.1), do the following steps
depending on whether your configuration is client-to-gateway or gateway-to-gateway:
•
Client-to-Gateway Configuration—to check the VPN Connection, you can initiate a request
from the remote PC to the FVG318’s network by using the “Connect” option in the
NETGEAR ProSafe menu bar. The NETGEAR ProSafe client will report the results of the
attempt to connect. Since the remote PC has a dynamically assigned WAN IP address, it must
initiate the request.
To perform a ping test using our example, start from the remote PC:
a. Establish an Internet connection from the PC.
b. On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, and then click Run.
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c. Type ping -t 192.168.3.1 and then click OK.
Figure 6-34
This will cause a continuous ping to be sent to the first FVG318. Within two minutes, the
ping response should change from “timed out” to “reply.”
Note: Use Ctrl-C to stop the pinging.
Figure 6-35
Once the connection is established, you can open the browser of the PC and enter the LAN IP
address of the remote FVG318. After a short wait, you should see the login screen of the
Wireless VPN Firewall (unless another PC already has the FVG318 management interface
open).
•
Gateway-to-Gateway Configuration—test the VPN tunnel by pinging the remote network
from a PC attached to the FVG318.
a. Open a command prompt (Start -> Run -> cmd).
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b. Type ping 192.168.3.1.
Figure 6-36
Note: The pings may fail the first time. If so, then try the pings a second time.
Verifying the Status of a VPN Tunnel
To use the VPN Status page to determine the status of a VPN tunnel, perform the following steps:
1. Log in to the Wireless VPN Firewall.
2. Open the FVG318 management interface and click VPN Status under VPN to get the VPN
Status/Log screen shown below.
Figure 6-37
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Log—this log shows the details of recent VPN activity, including the building of the VPN
tunnel. If there is a problem with the VPN tunnel, refer to the log for information about what
might be the cause of the problem.
•
Click Refresh to see the most recent entries.
•
Click Clear Log to delete all log entries.
3. Click VPN Status (Figure 6-37) to get the IPSec Connection Status screen (Figure 6-38).
Figure 6-38
This page lists the following data for each active VPN Tunnel.
•
SPI—each SA has a unique SPI (Security Parameter Index) for traffic in each direction.
For Manual key exchange, the SPI is specified in the Policy definition. For Automatic key
exchange, the SPI is generated by the IKE protocol.
•
Policy Name—the name of the VPN policy associated with this SA.
•
Remote Endpoint—the IP address on the remote VPN Endpoint.
•
Action—the action will be either a Drop or a Connect button.
•
SLifeTime (Secs)—the remaining Soft Lifetime for this SA in seconds. When the Soft
Lifetime becomes zero, the SA (Security Association) will re-negotiated.
•
HLifeTime (Secs)—the remaining Hard Lifetime for this SA in seconds. When the Hard
Lifetime becomes zero, the SA (Security Association) will be terminated. (It will be reestablished if required.)
Deactivating a VPN Tunnel
Sometimes a VPN tunnel must be deactivated for testing purposes. There are two ways to
deactivate a VPN tunnel:
• Policy table on VPN Policies page
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•
VPN Status page
Using the Policy Table on the VPN Policies Page to Deactivate a VPN Tunnel
To use the VPN Policies page to deactivate a VPN tunnel, perform the following steps:
1. Log in to the Wireless VPN Firewall.
2. Click on VPN Policies under VPN to get the VPN Policies screen shown below.
Figure 6-39
3. Clear the Enable check box for the VPN tunnel you want to deactivate and click Apply. (To
reactivate the tunnel, check the Enable box and click Apply.)
Using the VPN Status Page to Deactivate a VPN Tunnel
To use the VPN Status page to deactivate a VPN tunnel, perform the following steps:
1. Log in to the Wireless VPN Firewall.
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2. Click VPN Status under VPN to get the VPN Status/Log screen shown below.
Figure 6-40
3. Click VPN Status (Figure 6-40) to get the IPSEC Connection Status screen (Figure 6-41).
Click Drop for the VPN tunnel you want to deactivate.
Figure 6-41
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Note: When NETBIOS is enabled (which it is in the VPNC defaults implemented by
the VPN Wizard), automatic traffic will reactivate the tunnel. To prevent
reactivation from happening, either disable NETBIOS or disable the policy
for the tunnel (see “Using the Policy Table on the VPN Policies Page to
Deactivate a VPN Tunnel” on page 6-34).
Deleting a VPN Tunnel
To delete a VPN tunnel:
1. Log in to the Wireless VPN Firewall.
2. Click VPN Policies under VPN to display the VPN Policies screen shown below. Select the
radio button for the VPN tunnel to be deleted and click the Delete button.
Figure 6-42
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Chapter 7
Advanced Virtual Private Networking
This chapter describes how to use the advanced virtual private networking (VPN) features of the
FVG318 wireless VPN firewall. See Chapter 6, “Basic Virtual Private Networking” for a
description on how to use the basic VPN features.
Overview of FVG318 Policy-Based VPN Configuration
The FVG318 uses state-of-the-art firewall and security technology to facilitate controlled and
actively monitored VPN connectivity. Since the FVG318 strictly conforms to IETF standards, it is
interoperable with devices from major network equipment vendors.
FVS318v3 VPN Firewall
FVS318v3 VPN Firewall
PCs
PCs
Figure 7-1
Using Policies to Manage VPN Traffic
You create policy definitions to manage VPN traffic on the FVG318. There are two kinds of
policies:
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•
IKE Policies: Define the authentication scheme and automatically generate the encryption
keys. As an alternative option, to further automate the process, you can create an IKE policy
that uses a trusted certificate authority to provide the authentication while the IKE policy still
handles the encryption.
•
VPN Policies: Apply the IKE policy to specific traffic that requires a VPN tunnel. Or, you can
create a VPN policy that does not use an IKE policy but in which you manually enter all the
authentication and key parameters.
Since VPN policies use IKE policies, you define the IKE policy first. The FVG318 also allows you
to manually input the authentication scheme and encryption key values. In the case of manual key
management there will not be any IKE policies.
In order to establish secure communication over the Internet with the remote site you need to
configure matching VPN policies on both the local and remote FVG318 wireless VPN firewalls.
The outbound VPN policy on one end must match to the inbound VPN policy on other end, and
vice versa.
When the network traffic enters into the FVG318 from the LAN network interface, if there is no
VPN policy found for a type of network traffic, then that traffic passes through without any
change. However, if the traffic is selected by a VPN policy, then the IPSec authentication and
encryption rules are applied to it as defined in the VPN policy.
By default, a new VPN policy is added with the least priority, that is, at the end of the VPN policy
table.
Using Automatic Key Management
The most common configuration scenarios will use IKE policies to automatically manage the
authentication and encryption keys. Based on the IKE policy, some parameters for the VPN tunnel
are generated automatically. The IKE protocols perform negotiations between the two VPN
endpoints to automatically generate required parameters.
Some organizations will use an IKE policy with a Certificate Authority (CA) to perform
authentication. Typically, CA authentication is used in large organizations that maintain their own
internal CA server. This requires that each VPN gateway have a certificate from the CA. Using
CAs reduces the amount of data entry required on each VPN endpoint.
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IKE Policies’ Automatic Key and Authentication Management
Click the IKE Policies link from the VPN section of the main menu, and then click the Add button
of the IKE Policies screen to display the IKE Policy Configuration menu shown below.
Figure 7-2
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The IKE Policy Configuration fields are defined in the following table.
Table 7-1. IKE Policy Configuration fields
Field
Description
General
These settings identify this policy and determine its major characteristics.
Policy Name
The descriptive name of the IKE policy. Each policy should have a unique
policy name. This name is not supplied to the remote VPN endpoint. It is
only used to help you identify IKE policies.
Direction/Type
This setting is used when determining if the IKE policy matches the current
traffic. The drop-down menu includes the following:
• Initiator — Outgoing connections are allowed, but incoming are blocked.
• Responder — Incoming connections are allowed, but outgoing are
blocked.
• Both Directions — Both outgoing and incoming connections are allowed.
• Remote Access — This is to allow only incoming client connections,
where the IP address of the remote client is unknown.
If Remote Access is selected, the Exchange Mode must be Aggressive,
and the Identities below (both Local and Remote) must be Name. On the
matching VPN Policy, the IP address of the remote VPN endpoint should
be set to 0.0.0.0.
Exchange Mode
Local
Main Mode or Aggressive Mode. This setting must match the setting used
on the remote VPN endpoint.
• Main Mode is slower but more secure. Also, the Identity below must be
established by IP address.
• Aggressive Mode is faster but less secure. The Identity below can be by
name (host name, domain name, and e-mail address) instead of by IP
address.
These parameters apply to the Local FVG318 wireless VPN firewall.
Local Identity Type
Use this field to identify the local FVG318. You can choose one of the
following four options from the drop-down list:
• By its Internet (WAN) port IP address.
• By its Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) — your domain name.
• By a Fully Qualified User Name — your name, E-mail address, or
other ID.
• By DER ASN.1 DN — the binary DER encoding of your ASN.1 X.500
Distinguished Name.
Local Identity Data
This field lets you identify the local FVG318 by name.
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Table 7-1. IKE Policy Configuration fields
Field
Description
Remote
These parameters apply to the target remote FVG318, VPN gateway, or
VPN client.
Remote Identity Type
Use this field to identify the remote FVG318. You can choose one of the
following four options from the drop-down list:
• By its Internet (WAN) port IP address.
• By its Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) — your domain name.
• By a Fully Qualified User Name — your name, E-mail address, or
other ID.
• By DER ASN.1 DN — the binary DER encoding of your ASN.1 X.500
Distinguished Name.
Remote Identity Data
This field lets you identify the target remote FVG318 by name.
IKE SA Parameters
These parameters determine the properties of the IKE Security
Association.
Encryption Algorithm
Choose the encryption algorithm for this IKE policy:
• DES is the default
• 3DES is more secure
Authentication Algorithm
If you enable Authentication Header (AH), this menu lets you to select from
these authentication algorithms:
• MD5 — the default
• SHA-1 — more secure
Authentication Method
You may select Pre-Shared Key or RSA Signature.
Pre-Shared Key
Specify the key according to the requirements of the Authentication
Algorithm you selected.
• For MD5, the key length should be 16 bytes.
• For SHA-1, the key length should be 20 bytes.
RSA Signature
RSA Signature requires a certificate.
Diffie-Hellman (D-H) Group
The DH Group setting determines the bit size used in the key exchange.
This must match the value used on the remote VPN gateway or client.
SA Life Time
The amount of time in seconds before the Security Association expires;
over an hour (3600) is common.
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VPN Policy Configuration for Auto Key Negotiation
An already defined IKE policy is required for VPN - Auto Policy configuration. From the VPN
Policies section of the main menu, you can navigate to the VPN - Auto Policy configuration menu.
Figure 7-3
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The VPN – Auto Policy fields are defined in the following table.
Table 7-1. VPN – Auto Policy Configuration Fields
Field
Description
General
These settings identify this policy and determine its major characteristics.
Policy Name
The descriptive name of the VPN policy. Each policy should have a unique
policy name. This name is not supplied to the remote VPN endpoint. It is
only used to help you identify VPN policies.
IKE Policy
The existing IKE policies are presented in a drop-down list.
Note: Create the IKE policy BEFORE creating a VPN - Auto policy.
Remote VPN Endpoint
The address used to locate the remote VPN firewall or client to which you
wish to connect. The remote VPN endpoint must have this FVG318’s Local
IP values entered as its Remote VPN Endpoint.
• By its Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) — your domain name.
• By its IP Address.
Address Type
The address type used to locate the remote VPN firewall or client to which
you wish to connect.
• By its Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) — your domain name.
• By its IP Address.
Address Data
The address used to locate the remote VPN firewall or client to which you
wish to connect. The remote VPN endpoint must have this FVG318’s Local
Identity Data entered as its Remote VPN Endpoint.
• By its Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) — your domain name.
• By its IP Address.
SA Life Time
The duration of the Security Association before it expires.
• Seconds — the amount of time before the SA expires. Over an hour is
common (3600).
• Kbytes — the amount of traffic before the SA expires.
One of these can be set without setting the other.
IPSec PFS
If enabled, security is enhanced by ensuring that the key is changed at
regular intervals. Also, even if one key is broken, subsequent keys are no
easier to break. Each key has no relationship to the previous key.
PFS Key Group
If PFS is enabled, this setting determines the DH group bit size used in the
key exchange. This must match the value used on the remote gateway.
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Table 7-1. VPN – Auto Policy Configuration Fields
Field
Description
Traffic Selector
These settings determine if and when a VPN tunnel will be established. If
network traffic meets all criteria, then a VPN tunnel will be created.
Local IP
The drop-down menu allows you to configure the source IP address of the
outbound network traffic for which this VPN policy will provide security.
Usually, this address is from your network address space. The choices are:
• ANY for all valid IP addresses in the Internet address space
• Single IP Address
• Range of IP Addresses
• Subnet Address
Remote IP
The drop-down menu allows you to configure the destination IP address of
the outbound network traffic for which this VPN policy will provide security.
Usually, this address is from the remote site's corporate network address
space. The choices are:
• ANY for all valid IP addresses in the Internet address space
• Single IP Address
• Range of IP Addresses
• Subnet Address
Authenticating Header (AH)
Configuration
AH specifies the authentication protocol for the VPN header. These
settings must match the remote VPN endpoint.
Enable Authentication
Use this check box to enable or disable AH for this VPN policy.
Authentication Algorithm
If you enable AH, then select the authentication algorithm:
• MD5 — the default
• SHA1 — more secure
Encapsulated Security Payload ESP provides security for the payload (data) sent through the VPN tunnel.
(ESP) Configuration
Generally, you will want to enable both Encryption and Authentication. Two
ESP modes are available:
• Plain ESP encryption
• ESP encryption with authentication
These settings must match the remote VPN endpoint.
Enable Encryption
Use this check box to enable or disable ESP Encryption.
Encryption Algorithm
If you enable ESP encryption, then select the encryption algorithm:
• DES — the default
• 3DES — more secure
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Table 7-1. VPN – Auto Policy Configuration Fields
Field
Description
Enable Authentication
Use this check box to enable or disable ESP transform for this VPN policy.
You can select the ESP mode also with this menu.
Two ESP modes are available:
• Plain ESP
• ESP with authentication
Authentication Algorithm
If you enable AH, then use this menu to select which authentication
algorithm will be employed.
The choices are:
• MD5 — the default
• SHA1 — more secure
VPN Policy Configuration for Manual Key Exchange
With Manual Key Management, you will not use an IKE policy. You must manually type in all the
required key information. Click the VPN Policies link from the VPN section of the main menu to
display the menu shown below.
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Figure 7-4
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The VPN Manual Policy fields are defined in the following table.
Table 7-1. VPN Manual Policy Configuration Fields
Field
Description
General
These settings identify this policy and determine its major characteristics.
Policy Name
The name of the VPN policy. Each policy should have a unique policy
name. This name is not supplied to the remote VPN Endpoint. It is used to
help you identify VPN policies.
Remote VPN Endpoint
The WAN Internet IP address of the remote VPN firewall or client to which
you wish to connect. The remote VPN endpoint must have this FVG318’s
WAN Internet IP address entered as its Remote VPN Endpoint.
Traffic Selector
Local IP
Remote IP
Authenticating Header (AH)
Configuration
SPI - Incoming
These settings determine if and when a VPN tunnel will be established. If
network traffic meets all criteria, then a VPN tunnel will be created.
The drop down menu allows you to configure the source IP address of the
outbound network traffic for which this VPN policy will provide security.
Usually, this address is from your network address space. The choices are:
•
ANY for all valid IP addresses in the Internet address space
•
Single IP Address
•
Range of IP Addresses
•
Subnet Address
The drop down menu allows you to configure the destination IP address of
the outbound network traffic for which this VPN policy will provide security.
Usually, this address is from the remote site's corporate network address
space. The choices are:
•
ANY for all valid IP addresses in the Internet address space
•
Single IP Address
•
Range of IP Addresses
•
Subnet Address
AH specifies the authentication protocol for the VPN header. These
settings must match the remote VPN endpoint.
Note: The Incoming settings here must match the Outgoing settings on the
remote VPN endpoint, and the Outgoing settings here must match the
Incoming settings on the remote VPN endpoint.
Enter a hexadecimal value (3 - 8 chars). Any value is acceptable, provided
the remote VPN endpoint has the same value in its Outgoing SPI field.
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Table 7-1. VPN Manual Policy Configuration Fields
Field
Description
SPI - Outgoing
Enter a hexadecimal value (3 - 8 chars). Any value is acceptable, provided
the remote VPN endpoint has the same value in its Incoming SPI field.
Enable Authentication
Use this check box to enable or disable AH. Authentication is often not
used. In this case, leave the check box unchecked.
Authentication Algorithm
If you enable AH, then select the authentication algorithm:
•
MD5 — the default
•
SHA1 — more secure
Enter the keys in the fields provided. For MD5, the keys should be 16
characters. For SHA-1, the keys should be 20 characters.
Key - In
Enter the keys.
•
For MD5, the keys should be 16 characters.
•
For SHA-1, the keys should be 20 characters.
Any value is acceptable, provided the remote VPN endpoint has the same
value in its Authentication Algorithm Key - Out field.
Key - Out
Enter the keys in the fields provided.
•
For MD5, the keys should be 16 characters.
•
For SHA-1, the keys should be 20 characters.
Any value is acceptable, provided the remote VPN endpoint has the same
value in its Authentication Algorithm Key - In field.
Encapsulated Security Payload ESP provides security for the payload (data) sent through the VPN tunnel.
(ESP) Configuration
Generally, you will want to enable both encryption and authentication.
when you use ESP. Two ESP modes are available:
•
Plain ESP encryption
•
ESP encryption with authentication
These settings must match the remote VPN endpoint.
SPI - Incoming
Enter a hexadecimal value (3 - 8 chars). Any value is acceptable, provided
the remote VPN endpoint has the same value in its Outgoing SPI field.
SPI - Outgoing
Enter a hexadecimal value (3 - 8 chars). Any value is acceptable, provided
the remote VPN endpoint has the same value in its Incoming SPI field.
Enable Encryption
Use this check box to enable or disable ESP Encryption.
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Table 7-1. VPN Manual Policy Configuration Fields
Field
Encryption Algorithm
Key - In
Description
If you enable ESP Encryption, then select the Encryption Algorithm:
•
DES — the default
•
3DES — more secure
Enter the key in the fields provided.
•
For DES, the key should be eight characters.
•
For 3DES, the key should be 24 characters.
Any value is acceptable, provided the remote VPN endpoint has the same
value in its Encryption Algorithm Key - Out field.
Key - Out
Enter the key in the fields provided.
•
For DES, the key should be eight characters.
•
For 3DES, the key should be 24 characters.
Any value is acceptable, provided the remote VPN endpoint has the same
value in its Encryption Algorithm Key - In field.
Enable Authentication
Use this check box to enable or disable ESP authentication for this VPN
policy.
Authentication Algorithm
If you enable authentication, then use this menu to select the algorithm:
Key - In
•
MD5 — the default
•
SHA1 — more secure
Enter the key.
•
For MD5, the key should be 16 characters.
•
For SHA-1, the key should be 20 characters.
Any value is acceptable, provided the remote VPN endpoint has the same
value in its Authentication Algorithm Key - Out field.
Key - Out
Enter the key in the fields provided.
•
For MD5, the key should be 16 characters.
•
For SHA-1, the key should be 20 characters.
Any value is acceptable, provided the remote VPN endpoint has the same
value in its Authentication Algorithm Key - In field.
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Using Digital Certificates for IKE Auto-Policy Authentication
Digital certificates are strings generated using encryption and authentication schemes that cannot
be duplicated by anyone without access to the different values used in the production of the string.
They are issued by Certification Authorities (CAs) to authenticate a person or a workstation
uniquely. The CAs are authorized to issue these certificates by Policy Certification Authorities
(PCAs), who are in turn certified by the Internet Policy Registration Authority (IPRA). The
FVG318 is able to use certificates to authenticate users at the end points during the IKE key
exchange process.
The certificates can be obtained from a certificate server that an organization might maintain
internally or from the established public CAs. The certificates are produced by providing the
particulars of the user being identified to the CA. The information provided may include the user's
name, e-mail ID, and domain name.
Each CA has its own certificate. The certificates of a CA are added to the FVG318 and then can be
used to form IKE policies for the user. Once a CA certificate is added to the FVG318 and a
certificate is created for a user, the corresponding IKE policy is added to the FVG318. Whenever
the user tries to send traffic through the FVG318, the certificates are used in place of pre-shared
keys during initial key exchange as the authentication and key generation mechanism. Once the
keys are established and the tunnel is set up the connection proceeds according to the VPN policy.
Certificate Revocation List (CRL)
Each Certification Authority (CA) maintains a list of the revoked certificates. The list of these
revoked certificates is known as the Certificate Revocation List (CRL).
Whenever an IKE policy receives the certificate from a peer, it checks for this certificate in the
CRL on the FVG318 obtained from the corresponding CA. If the certificate is not present in the
CRL it means that the certificate is not revoked. IKE can then use this certificate for
authentication. If the certificate is present in the CRL it means that the certificate is revoked, and
the IKE will not authenticate the client.
You must manually update the FVG318 CRL regularly in order for the CA-based authentication
process to remain valid.
Walk-Through of Configuration Scenarios on the FVG318
There are a variety of configurations you might implement with the FVG318. The scenarios listed
below illustrate typical configurations you might use in your organization.
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In order to help make it easier to set up an IPsec system, the following two scenarios are provided.
These scenarios were developed by the VPN Consortium (http://www.vpnc.org). The goal is to
make it easier to get the systems from different vendors to interoperate. NETGEAR is providing
you with both of these scenarios in the following two formats:
•
VPN Consortium Scenarios without any product implementation details
•
VPN Consortium Scenarios based on the FVG318 User Interface
The purpose of providing these two versions of the same scenarios is to help you determine where
the two vendors use different vocabulary. Seeing the examples presented in these different ways
will reveal how systems from different vendors do the same thing.
The PC must have the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client program installed that supports IPSec. Go
to the NETGEAR Web site (http://www.netgear.com) and select VPN01L_VPN05L in the Product
Quick Find drop down menu for information on how to purchase the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN
Client.
Note: Before installing the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client software, be sure to turn off
any virus protection or firewall software you may be running on your PC.
VPN Consortium Scenario 1:
Gateway-to-Gateway with Preshared Secrets
The following is a typical gateway-to-gateway VPN that uses a preshared secret for authentication.
10.5.6.0/24
172.23.9.0/24
Gateway A
10.5.6.1
Internet
14.15.16.17
Gateway B
22.23.24.25
172.23.9.1
Figure 7-5
Gateway A connects the internal LAN 10.5.6.0/24 to the Internet. Gateway A's LAN interface has
the address 10.5.6.1, and its WAN (Internet) interface has the address 14.15.16.17.
Gateway B connects the internal LAN 172.23.9.0/24 to the Internet. Gateway B's WAN (Internet)
interface has the address 22.23.24.25. Gateway B's LAN interface address, 172.23.9.1, can be used
for testing IPsec but is not needed for configuring Gateway A.
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The IKE Phase 1 parameters used in Scenario 1 are:
• Main mode
• TripleDES
• SHA-1
• MODP group 2 (1024 bits)
• pre-shared secret of “hr5xb84l6aa9r6”
• SA lifetime of 28800 seconds (eight hours) with no kilobytes rekeying
The IKE Phase 2 parameters used in Scenario 1 are:
• TripleDES
• SHA-1
• ESP tunnel mode
• MODP group 2 (1024 bits)
• Perfect forward secrecy for rekeying
• SA lifetime of 3600 seconds (one hour) with no kilobytes rekeying
• Selectors for all IP protocols, all ports, between 10.5.6.0/24 and 172.23.9.0/24, using IPv4
subnets
FVG318 Scenario 1: FVG318 to Gateway B IKE and VPN Policies
Note: This scenario assumes all ports are open on the FVG318. You can verify this by
reviewing the security settings as seen in the Figure 5-3 on page 5-5.
*DWHZD\$
6FHQDULR
/$1,3
*DWHZD\%
)9*
)9*
:$1,3
:$1,3
/$1,3
Figure 7-6
Use this scenario illustration and configuration screens as a model to build your configuration.
1. Log in to the FVG318 labeled Gateway A as in the illustration.
Log in at the default address of http://192.168.1.1 with the default user name of admin and
default password of password, or using whatever password and LAN address you have
chosen.
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2. Configure the WAN (Internet) and LAN IP addresses of the FVG318.
a. From the main menu Setup section, click the Basic Setup link to go back to the Basic
Settings menu.
WAN IP
addresses
ISP provides
these addresses
Figure 7-7
b. Configure the WAN Internet Address according to the settings above and click Apply to
save your settings. For more information on configuring the WAN IP settings in the Basic
Settings topics, please see “How to Manually Configure Your Internet Connection” on
page 3-12.
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c. From the main menu Advanced section, click the LAN Setup link. The following menu
appears
Figure 7-8
d. Configure the LAN IP address according to the settings above and click Apply to save
your settings. For more information on LAN TCP/IP setup topics, please see “Configuring
LAN TCP/IP Setup Parameters” on page 9-3.
Note: After you click Apply to change the LAN IP address settings, your
workstation will be disconnected from the FVG318. You will have to log
on with http://10.5.6.1 which is now the address you use to connect to the
built-in Web-based configuration manager of the FVG318.
3. Set up the IKE Policy illustrated below on the FVG318.
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a. From the main menu VPN section, click on the IKE Policies link, and then click the Add
button to display the screen below.
Figure 7-9
b. Configure the IKE Policy according to the settings in the illustration above and click
Apply to save your settings. For more information on IKE Policy topics, please see “IKE
Policies’ Automatic Key and Authentication Management” on page 7-3.
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4. Set up the FVG318 VPN -Auto Policy illustrated below.
WAN IP
address
LAN IP
addresses
Figure 7-10
a. From the main menu VPN section, click on the VPN Policies link, and then click on the
Add Auto Policy button.
b. Configure the IKE Policy according to the settings in the illustration above and click
Apply to save your settings. For more information on IKE Policy topics, please see “IKE
Policies’ Automatic Key and Authentication Management” on page 7-3.
5. After applying these changes, all traffic from the range of LAN IP addresses specified on
FVG318 A and FVG318 B will flow over a secure VPN tunnel.
How to Check VPN Connections
You can test connectivity and view VPN status information on the FVG318 (see also “VPN Tunnel
Control” on page 6-29).
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Testing the Gateway A FVG318 LAN and the Gateway B LAN
1. Using our example, from a PC attached to the FVG318 on LAN A, on a Windows PC click the
Start button on the taskbar and then click Run.
2. Type ping -t 172.23.9.1, and then click OK.
3. This will cause a continuous ping to be sent to the LAN interface of Gateway B. Within two
minutes, the ping response should change from timed out to reply.
4. At this point the connection is established.
5. To test connectivity between the FVG318 Gateway A and Gateway B WAN ports, follow
these steps:
a. Using our example, log in to the FVG318 on LAN A, go to the main menu Maintenance
section and click the Diagnostics link.
b. To test connectivity to the WAN port of Gateway B, enter 22.23.24.25, and then click
Ping.
c. This causes a ping to be sent to the WAN interface of Gateway B. Within two minutes, the
ping response should change from timed out to reply. You may have to run this test several
times before you get the reply message back from the target FVG318.
d. At this point the connection is established.
Note: If you want to ping the FVG318 as a test of network connectivity, be sure
the FVG318 is configured to respond to a ping on the Internet WAN port
by checking the check box seen in Figure 5-3 on page 5-5. However, to
preserve a high degree of security, you should turn off this feature when
you are finished with testing.
6. To view the FVG318 event log and status of Security Associations, follow these steps:
a. Go to the FVG318 main menu VPN section and click the VPN Status link.
b. The log screen displays a history of the VPN connections, and the IPSec SA and IKE SA
tables will report the status and data transmission statistics of the VPN tunnels for each
policy.
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FVG318 Scenario 2: FVG318 to FVG318 with RSA Certificates
The following is a typical gateway-to-gateway VPN that uses Public Key Infrastructure x.509
(PKIX) certificates for authentication. The network setup is identical to the one given in
Scenario 1. The IKE Phase 1 and Phase 2 parameters are identical to the ones given in Scenario 1,
with the exception that the identification is done with signatures authenticated by PKIX
certificates.
Note: Before completing this configuration scenario, make sure the correct Time Zone is
set on the FVG318. For instructions on this topic, see “Time Zone” on page 5-18.
1. Obtain a root certificate.
a. Obtain the root certificate (that includes the public key) from a Certificate Authority (CA).
Note: The procedure for obtaining certificates differs from a CA like Verisign
and a CA such as a Windows 2000 certificate server, which an
organization operates for providing certificates for its members. For
example, an administrator of a Windows 2000 certificate server might
provide it to you via e-mail.
b. Save the certificate as a text file called trust.txt.
2. Install the trusted CA certificate for the Trusted Root CA.
a. Log in to the FVG318.
b. From the main menu VPN section, click the CAs link.
c. Click Add to add a CA.
d. Click Browse to locate the trust.txt file.
e. Click Upload.
3. Create a certificate request for the FVG318.
a. From the main menu VPN section, click the Certificates link.
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b. Click the Generate Request button to display the screen illustrated below.
Figure 7-11
c. Fill in the fields on the Add Self Certificate screen.
Required fields:
–
Name. Enter a name to identify this certificate.
–
Subject. This is the name that other organizations will see as the holder (owner) of this
certificate. This should be your registered business name or official company name.
Generally, all certificates should have the same value in the Subject field.
–
Hash Algorithm. Select the desired option: MD5 or SHA1.
–
Signature Algorithm. Select the desired option: DSS or RSA.
–
Signature Key Length. Select the desired option: 512, 1024, or 2048.
Optional fields:
–
IP Address. If you use “IP type” in the IKE policy, you should input the IP Address
here. Otherwise, you should leave this blank.
–
Domain Name. If you have a domain name, you can enter it here. Otherwise, you
should leave this blank.
–
E-mail Address. You can enter you e-mail address here.
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d. Click the Next button to continue. The FVG318 generates a Self Certificate Request as
shown below.
Highlight, copy and
paste this data into
a text file.
Figure 7-12
4. Transmit the Self Certificate Request data to the Trusted Root CA.
a. Highlight the text in the Data to supply to CA area, copy it, and paste it into a text file.
b. Give the certificate request data to the CA. In the case of a Windows 2000 internal CA,
you might simply e-mail it to the CA administrator. The procedures of a CA like Verisign
and a CA such as a Windows 2000 certificate server administrator will differ. Follow the
procedures of your CA.
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c. When you have finished gathering the Self Certificate Request data, click the Done
button. You will return to the Certificates screen where your pending “FVG318” Self
Certificate Request will be listed, as illustrated below.
FVG318
Figure 7-13
5. Receive the certificate back from the Trusted Root CA and save it as a text file.
Note: In the case of a Windows 2000 internal CA, the CA administrator might simply
email it to back to you. Follow the procedures of your CA. Save the certificate
you get back from the CA as a text file called final.txt.
6. Upload the new certificate.
a. From the main menu VPN section, click the Certificates link.
b. Click the radio button of the Self Certificate Request you want to upload.
c. Click the Upload Certificate button.
d. Browse to the location of the file you saved in Step 5 above that contains the certificate
from the CA.
e. Click the Upload button.
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f.
You will now see the “FVG318” entry in the Active Self Certificates table and the pending
“FVG318” Self Certificate Request is gone, as illustrated below.
FVG318
Figure 7-14
7. Associate the new certificate and the Trusted Root CA certificate on the FVG318.
a. Create a new IKE policy called Scenario_2 with all the same properties of Scenario_1
(see Figure 7-9 on page 7-19) except now use the RSA Signature instead of the shared key.
Figure 7-15
b. Create a new VPN Auto Policy called scenario2a with all the same properties as
scenario1a except that it uses the IKE policy called Scenario_2.
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Now, the traffic from devices within the range of the LAN subnet addresses on FVG318 A and
Gateway B will be authenticated using the certificates rather than via a shared key.
8. Set up Certificate Revocation List (CRL) checking.
a. Get a copy of the CRL from the CA and save it as a text file.
Note: The procedure for obtaining a CRL differs from a CA like Verisign and a
CA such as a Windows 2000 certificate server, which an organization
operates for providing certificates for its members. Follow the procedures
of your CA.
b. From the main menu VPN section, click the CRL link.
c. Click Add to add a CRL.
d. Click Browse to locate the CRL file.
e. Click Upload.
Now expired or revoked certificates will not be allowed to use the VPN tunnels managed by
IKE policies which use this CA.
Note: You must update the CRLs regularly in order to maintain the validity of the
certificate-based VPN policies.
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Chapter 8
Maintenance
This chapter describes how to use the maintenance features of your ProSafe Wireless 802.11g
VPN Firewall Model FVG318. These features can be found by clicking on the Maintenance
heading in the main menu of the browser interface.
Viewing Wireless VPN Firewall Status Information
The Router Status menu provides status and usage information. From the main menu of the
browser interface, click Maintenance, then select Router Status to view this screen.
Figure 8-1
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This screen shows the following parameters:
Table 8-1. FVG318 Status fields
Field
Description
System Name
The System Name assigned to the firewall.
Firmware Version
The firewall firmware version.
WAN Port
These parameters apply to the Internet (WAN) port of the firewall.
MAC Address
The MAC address used by the Internet (WAN) port of the firewall.
IP Address
The IP address used by the Internet (WAN) port of the firewall. If no address is
shown, the firewall cannot connect to the Internet.
IP Subnet Mask
The IP Subnet Mask being used by the Internet (WAN) port of the firewall.
DHCP
The protocol on the WAN port used to obtain the WAN IP address. This field can
show DHCP Client, Fixed IP, PPPoE, BPA or PPTP. For example, if set to Client,
the firewall is configured to obtain an IP address dynamically from the ISP.
LAN Port
These parameters apply to the Local (WAN) port of the firewall.
MAC Address
The MAC address used by the LAN port of the firewall.
IP Address
The IP address used by the Local (LAN) port of the firewall. The default is
192.168.1.1
IP Subnet Mask
The IP Subnet Mask used by the Local (LAN) port of the firewall. The default is
255.255.255.0
DHCP
Identifies if the firewall’s built-in DHCP server is active for the LAN attached
devices.
Click Connection Status to display the WAN connection status.
Figure 8-2
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This screen shows the following statistics:.
Table 8-1. Connection Status fields
Field
Description
IP Address
The WAN (Internet) IP address assigned to the firewall.
Subnet Mask
The WAN (Internet) subnet mask assigned to the firewall.
DHCP Server
The server assigning the dynamic IP address from the Internet service provider.
DNS Server
The server translating the domain name IP address.
Default Gateway
The WAN (Internet) default gateway the firewall communicates with.
Log action buttons are described in Table 8-2
Table 8-2. Connection Status action buttons
Button
Description
Renew
Click the Renew button to renew the DHCP lease.
Click Show Statistics to display firewall usage statistics.
Figure 8-3
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This screen shows the following statistics:
Table 8-1. Router Statistics fields
Field
Description
Interface
The statistics for the WAN (Internet), LAN (local), and WLAN interfaces. For each
interface, the screen displays:
Status
The link status of the interface.
TxPkts
The number of packets transmitted on this interface since reset or manual clear.
RxPkts
The number of packets received on this interface since reset or manual clear.
Collisions
The number of collisions on this interface since reset or manual clear.
Tx B/s
The current transmission (outbound) bandwidth used on the interfaces.
Rx B/s
The current reception (inbound) bandwidth used on the interfaces.
Up Time
The amount of time since the firewall was last restarted.
Up Time
The time elapsed since this port acquired the link.
Poll Interval
Specifies the intervals at which the statistics are updated in this window. Click on Stop
to freeze the display.
WAN Status action buttons are described in the table below:
Table 8-2. Connection Status action buttons
Field
Description
Set Interval
Enter a time and click the button to set the polling frequency.
Stop
Click the Stop button to freeze the polling information.
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Viewing a List of Attached Devices
The Attached Devices menu contains a table of all IP devices that the firewall has discovered on
the local network. From the main menu of the browser interface, under the Maintenance heading,
select Attached Devices to view the table, shown below.
Figure 8-4
For each device, the table shows the IP address, NetBIOS Host Name (if available), and Ethernet
MAC address. Note that if the firewall is rebooted, the table data is lost until the firewall
rediscovers the devices. To force the firewall to look for attached devices, click the Refresh
button.
Upgrading the Firewall Software
The routing software of the FVG318 wireless VPN firewall is stored in FLASH memory, and can
be upgraded as new software is released by NETGEAR. Upgrade files can be downloaded from
NETGEAR's Web site. If the upgrade file is compressed (.ZIP file), you must first extract the
binary (.BIN) file before sending it to the firewall. The upgrade file can be sent to the firewall
using your browser.
Note: The Web browser used to upload new firmware into the FVG318 wireless VPN
firewall must support HTTP uploads. NETGEAR recommends using Microsoft
Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator 5.0 or above.
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From the main menu of the browser interface, under the Maintenance heading, select the Router
Upgrade heading to display the menu shown below.
Figure 8-5
To upload new firmware:
1. Download and unzip the new software file from NETGEAR.
2. In the Router Upgrade menu, click the Browse button and browse to the location of the binary
(.BIN) upgrade file
3. Click Upload.
Note: When uploading software to the FVG318 wireless VPN firewall, it is important
not to interrupt the Web browser by closing the window, clicking a link, or
loading a new page. If the browser is interrupted, it may corrupt the software.
When the upload is complete, your firewall will automatically restart. The
upgrade process will typically take about one minute.
In some cases, you may need to reconfigure the firewall after upgrading.
Configuration File Management
The configuration settings of the FVG318 wireless VPN firewall are stored within the firewall in a
configuration file. This file can be saved (backed up) to a user’s PC, retrieved (restored) from the
user’s PC, or cleared to factory default settings.
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From the main menu of the browser interface, under the Maintenance heading, select the Settings
Backup heading to bring up the menu shown below.
Figure 8-6
You can use the Settings Backup menu to back up your configuration in a file, restore from that
file, or erase the configuration settings.
Backing Up the Configuration
To save your settings, select the Backup tab. Click the Backup button. Your browser will extract
the configuration file from the firewall and prompts you for a location on your PC to store the file.
You can give the file a meaningful name at this time, such as sanjose.cfg.
Restoring the Configuration
To restore your settings from a saved configuration file, enter the full path to the file on your PC or
click the Browse button to browse to the file. When you have located it, click the Restore button
to send the file to the firewall. The firewall will then reboot automatically.
Erasing the Configuration
It is sometimes desirable to restore the firewall to a known blank condition. To do this, see the
Erase function, which will restore all factory settings. After an erase, the firewall's password will
be password, the LAN IP address will be 192.168.1.1, and the firewall's DHCP client will be
enabled.
To erase the configuration, click the Erase button.
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To restore the factory default configuration settings without knowing the login password or IP
address, you must use the reset button on the rear panel of the firewall. See “Restoring the Default
Configuration and Password” on page 10-7.
Changing the Administrator Password
The default password for the firewall’s Web Configuration Manager is password. NETGEAR
recommends that you change this password to a more secure password.
From the main menu of the browser interface, under the Maintenance heading, select Set Password
to bring up this menu.
Figure 8-7
To change the password, first enter the old password, and then enter the new password twice. Click
Apply. To change the login idle timeout, change the number of minutes and click Apply.
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Chapter 9
Advanced Configuration
This chapter describes how to configure the advanced features of your ProSafe Wireless 802.11g
VPN Firewall Model FVG318. These features can be found under the Advanced heading in the
main menu of the browser interface.
How to Configure Dynamic DNS
If your network has a permanently assigned IP address, you can register a domain name and have
that name linked with your IP address by public Domain Name Servers (DNS). However, if your
Internet account uses a dynamically assigned IP address, you will not know in advance what your
IP address will be, and the address can change frequently. In this case, you can use a commercial
dynamic DNS service, which will allow you to register your domain to their IP address, and will
forward traffic directed to your domain to your frequently-changing IP address.
The firewall contains a client that can connect to a dynamic DNS service provider. To use this
feature, you must select a service provider and obtain an account with them. After you have
configured your account information in the firewall, whenever your ISP-assigned IP address
changes, your firewall will automatically contact your dynamic DNS service provider, log in to
your account, and register your new IP address.
1. Log in to the firewall at its default LAN address of http://192.168.1.1 with its default user
name of admin, default password of password, or using whatever password and LAN address
you have chosen for the firewall.
2. From the main menu of the browser interface, under Advanced, click on Dynamic DNS.
3. Access the Web site of one of the dynamic DNS service providers whose names appear in the
menu, and register for an account.
For example, for dyndns.org, go to www.dyndns.org.
4. Select the name of your dynamic DNS Service Provider.
5. Type the host and domain name that your dynamic DNS provider gave you. This will look like
a URL, such as myName.dyndns.org.
6. Type the user name for your dynamic DNS account.
7. Type the password (or key) for your dynamic DNS account.
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8. If your dynamic DNS provider allows the use of wildcards in resolving your URL, you may
select the Use wildcards check box to activate this feature.
For example, the wildcard feature will cause *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same
IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org
9. Click Apply to save your configuration.
Note: If your ISP assigns a private WAN IP address such as 192.168.x.x or 10.x.x.x, the
dynamic DNS service will not work because private addresses will not be routed
on the Internet.
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Using the LAN IP Setup Options
The LAN IP Setup menu allows configuration of LAN IP services such as DHCP and RIP. From
the main menu of the browser interface, under Advanced, click on LAN Setup to view the menu
shown below.
Figure 9-1
Configuring LAN TCP/IP Setup Parameters
The firewall is shipped preconfigured to use private IP addresses on the LAN side, and to act as a
DHCP server. The firewall’s default LAN IP configuration is:
• LAN IP addresses — 192.168.1.1
• Subnet mask — 255.255.255.0
These addresses are part of the IETF-designated private address range for use in private networks,
and should be suitable in most applications. If your network has a requirement to use a different IP
addressing scheme, you can make those changes in this menu.
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The LAN IP parameters are:
•
IP Address
This is the LAN IP address of the firewall.
•
IP Subnet Mask
This is the LAN Subnet Mask of the firewall. Combined with the IP address, the IP Subnet
Mask allows a device to know which other addresses are local to it, and which must be reached
through a gateway or firewall.
•
RIP Direction
RIP (Router Information Protocol) allows a firewall to exchange routing information with
other firewalls. The RIP Direction selection controls how the firewall sends and receives RIP
packets. Both is the default.
— When set to Both or Out Only, the firewall broadcasts its routing table periodically.
— When set to Both or In Only, it incorporates the RIP information that it receives.
— When set to None, it will not send any RIP packets and ignores any RIP packets received.
•
RIP Version
This controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP packets that the firewall
sends. (It recognizes both formats when receiving.) By default, this is set for RIP-1.
— RIP-1 is universally supported. RIP-1 is probably adequate for most networks, unless you
have an unusual network setup.
— RIP-2 carries more information. RIP-2B uses subnet broadcasting.
Note: If you change the LAN IP address of the firewall while connected through the
browser, you will be disconnected. You must then open a new connection to the
new IP address and log in again.
Using the Firewall as a DHCP server
By default, the firewall functions as a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server,
allowing it to assign IP, DNS server, and default gateway addresses to all computers connected to
the firewall's LAN. The assigned default gateway address is the LAN address of the firewall. IP
addresses will be assigned to the attached PCs from a pool of addresses specified in this menu.
Each pool address is tested before it is assigned to avoid duplicate addresses on the LAN.
For most applications, the default DHCP and TCP/IP settings of the firewall are satisfactory. See
“IP Configuration by DHCP” in “Internet Networking and TCP/IP Addressing:” in Appendix A
for an explanation of DHCP and information about how to assign IP addresses for your network.
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If another device on your network will be the DHCP server, or if you will manually configure the
network settings of all of your computers, clear the Use router as DHCP server check box.
Otherwise, leave it checked.
To specify the pool of IP addresses to be assigned, set the Starting IP Address and Ending IP
Address. These addresses should be part of the same IP address subnet as the firewall’s LAN IP
address. Using the default addressing scheme, you should define a range between 192.168.0.2 and
192.168.0.253, although you may wish to save part of the range for devices with fixed addresses.
The firewall will deliver the following parameters to any LAN device that requests DHCP:
•
An IP address from the range you have defined
•
Subnet mask
•
Gateway IP address (the firewall’s LAN IP address)
•
Primary DNS server (if you entered a primary DNS address in the Basic Settings menu;
otherwise, the firewall’s LAN IP address)
•
Secondary DNS server (if you entered a secondary DNS address in the Basic Settings menu
Using Address Reservation
When you specify a reserved IP address for a PC on the LAN, that PC will always receive the
same IP address each time it accesses the firewall’s DHCP server. Reserved IP addresses should be
assigned to servers that require permanent IP settings.
To reserve an IP address:
1. Click the Add button.
2. In the IP Address box, type the IP address to assign to the PC or server.
(Choose an IP address from the firewall’s LAN subnet, such as 192.168.0.X.)
3. Type the MAC Address of the PC or server.
(Tip: If the PC is already present on your network, you can copy its MAC address from the
Attached Devices menu and paste it here.)
4. Click Apply to enter the reserved address into the table.
Note: The reserved address will not be assigned until the next time the PC contacts
the firewall’s DHCP server. Reboot the PC or access its IP configuration and
force a DHCP release and renew.
To edit or delete a reserved address entry:
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1. Click the button next to the reserved address you want to edit or delete.
2. Click Edit or Delete.
Configuring Static Routes
Static Routes provide additional routing information to your firewall. Under normal
circumstances, the firewall has adequate routing information after it has been configured for
Internet access, and you do not need to configure additional static routes. You must configure
static routes only for unusual cases such as multiple firewalls or multiple IP subnets located on
your network.
From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under Advanced, click on Static Routes to view the
Static Route table shown below.
Figure 9-2
To add or edit a Static Route:
1. Click the Add button to open the Add/Edit menu, shown below.
Figure 9-3
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2. Type a route name for this static route in the Route Name box.
(This is for identification purpose only.)
3. Select Private if you want to limit access to the LAN only. The static route will not be reported
in RIP.
4. Select Active to make this route effective.
5. Type the Destination IP Address of the final destination.
6. Type the IP Subnet Mask for this destination.
If the destination is a single host, type 255.255.255.255.
7. Type the Gateway IP Address, which must be a firewall on the same LAN segment as the
firewall.
8. Type a number between 1 and 15 as the Metric value.
This represents the number of firewalls between your network and the destination. Usually, a
setting of 2 or 3 works, but if this is a direct connection, set it to 1.
9. Click Apply to have the static route entered into the table.
Static Route Example
As an example of when a static route is needed, consider the following case:
•
Your primary Internet access is through a cable modem to an ISP.
•
You have an ISDN firewall on your home network for connecting to the company where
you are employed. This firewall’s address on your LAN is 192.168.1.100.
•
Your company’s network is 134.177.0.0.
When you first configured your firewall, two implicit static routes were created. A default route
was created with your ISP as the gateway, and a second static route was created to your local
network for all 192.168.0.x addresses. With this configuration, if you attempt to access a device on
the 134.177.0.0 network, your firewall will forward your request to the ISP. The ISP forwards your
request to the company where you are employed, and the request will likely be denied by the
company’s firewall.
In this case you must define a static route, telling your firewall that 134.177.0.0 should be accessed
through the ISDN firewall at 192.168.1.100. The static route would look like Figure 9-3 on page
9-6.
In this example:
•
The Destination IP Address and IP Subnet Mask fields specify that this static route applies to
all 134.177.x.x addresses.
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•
The Gateway IP Address fields specifies that all traffic for these addresses should be
forwarded to the ISDN firewall at 192.168.1.100.
•
A Metric value of 1 will work since the ISDN firewall is on the LAN.
•
Private is selected only as a precautionary security measure in case RIP is activated.
Enabling Remote Management Access
Using the Remote Management page, you can allow a user or users on the Internet to configure,
upgrade and check the status of your FVG318 wireless VPN firewall.
Note: Be sure to change the firewall’s default configuration password to a very secure
password. The ideal password should contain no dictionary words from any
language, and should be a mixture of letters (both upper and lower case), numbers,
and symbols. Your password can be up to 30 characters.
To configure your firewall for Remote Management:
1. Select the Turn Remote Management On check box.
2. Specify what external addresses will be allowed to access the firewall’s remote management.
Note: For enhanced security, restrict access to as few external IP addresses as
practical.
a. To allow access from any IP address on the Internet, select Everyone.
b. To allow access from a range of IP addresses on the Internet, select IP address range.
Enter a beginning and ending IP address to define the allowed range.
c. To allow access from a single IP address on the Internet, select Only this PC.
Enter the IP address that will be allowed access.
3. Specify the Port Number that will be used for accessing the management interface.
Web browser access normally uses the standard HTTP service port 80. For greater security,
you can change the remote management web interface to a custom port by entering that
number in the box provided. Choose a number between 1024 and 65535, but do not use the
number of any common service port. The default is 8080, which is a common alternate for
HTTP.
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4. Click Apply to have your changes take effect.
5. When accessing your firewall from the Internet, the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) will be
enabled. You will enter https:// and type your firewall's WAN IP address into your browser,
followed by a colon (:) and the custom port number. For example, if your WAN IP address is
134.177.0.123 and you use port number 8080, type the following in your browser:
https://134.177.0.123:8080
If you do not use the SSL https://address, but rather use http://address, the FVG318 will
automatically attempt to redirect to https://address.
Note: The first time you remotely connect the FVG318 with a browser via SSL, you
may get a message regarding the SSL certificate. If you are using a Windows
computer with Internet Explorer 5.5 or higher, simply click Yes to accept the
certificate.
Tip:
Tip: If you are using a dynamic DNS service such as TZO, you can always identify
the IP address of your FVG318 by running TRACERT from the Windows Start
menu Run option. For example, type tracert yourFVG318.mynetgear.net
and you will see the IP address your ISP assigned to the FVG318.
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Chapter 10
Troubleshooting
This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN
Firewall Model FVG318. After each problem description, instructions are provided to help you
diagnose and solve the problem.
Basic Functioning
After you turn on power to the firewall, the following sequence of events should occur:
1. When power is first applied, verify that the PWR LED is on.
2. After approximately 30 seconds, verify that:
a. The TEST LED is not lit.
b. The LAN port LEDs are lit for any local ports that are connected.
c. The Internet port LED is lit.
If a port’s LED is lit, a link has been established to the connected device. If a LAN port is
connected to a 100 Mbps device, verify that the port’s LED is green. If the port is 10 Mbps, the
LED will be green.
If any of these conditions does not occur, refer to the appropriate following section.
Power LED Not On
If the Power and other LEDs are off when your firewall is turned on:
•
Make sure that the power cord is properly connected to your firewall and that the power
supply adapter is properly connected to a functioning power outlet.
•
Check that you are using the 12 V DC power adapter supplied by NETGEAR for this product.
If the error persists, you have a hardware problem and should contact technical support.
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LEDs Never Turn Off
When the firewall is turned on, the LEDs turn on briefly and then turn off. If all the LEDs stay on,
there is a fault within the firewall.
If all LEDs are still on one minute after power up:
•
Cycle the power to see if the firewall recovers.
•
Clear the firewall’s configuration to factory defaults. This will set the firewall’s IP address to
192.168.1.1. This procedure is explained in “Restoring the Default Configuration and
Password” on page 10-7.
If the error persists, you might have a hardware problem and should contact technical support.
LAN or Internet Port LEDs Not On
If either the LAN LEDs or Internet LED do not light when the Ethernet connection is made, check
the following:
•
Make sure that the Ethernet cable connections are secure at the firewall and at the hub or
workstation.
•
Make sure that power is turned on to the connected hub or workstation.
•
Be sure you are using the correct cable:
When connecting the firewall’s Internet port to a cable or DSL modem, use the cable that was
supplied with the cable or DSL modem. This cable could be a standard straight-through
Ethernet cable or an Ethernet crossover cable.
Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface
If you are unable to access the firewall’s Web Configuration interface from a PC on your local
network, check the following:
•
Check the Ethernet connection between the PC and the firewall as described in the previous
section.
•
Make sure your PC’s IP address is on the same subnet as the firewall. If you are using the
recommended addressing scheme, your PC’s address should be in the range of 192.168.0.2 to
192.168.0.254.
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Note: If your PC’s IP address is shown as 169.254.x.x: Recent versions of Windows
and MacOS will generate and assign an IP address if the computer cannot
reach a DHCP server. These auto-generated addresses are in the range of
169.254.x.x. If your IP address is in this range, check the connection from the
PC to the firewall and reboot your PC.
•
If your firewall’s IP address has been changed and you don’t know the current IP address,
clear the firewall’s configuration to factory defaults. This will set the firewall’s IP address to
192.168.1.1. This procedure is explained in “Restoring the Default Configuration and
Password” on page 10-7.
•
Make sure your browser has Java, JavaScript, or ActiveX enabled. If you are using Internet
Explorer, click Refresh to be sure the Java applet is loaded.
•
Try quitting the browser and launching it again.
•
Make sure you are using the correct login information. The factory default login name is
admin and the password is password. Make sure that CAPS LOCK is off when entering this
information.
If the firewall does not save changes you have made in the Web Configuration Interface, check the
following:
•
When entering configuration settings, be sure to click the Apply button before moving to
another menu or tab, or your changes are lost.
•
Click the Refresh or Reload button in the Web browser. The changes may have occurred, but
the Web browser may be caching the old configuration.
Troubleshooting the ISP Connection
If your firewall is unable to access the Internet, you should first determine whether the firewall is
able to obtain a WAN IP address from the ISP. Unless you have been assigned a static IP address,
your firewall must request an IP address from the ISP. You can determine whether the request was
successful using the Web Configuration Manager.
To check the WAN IP address:
1. Launch your browser and select an external site such as http://www.netgear.com
2. Access the main menu of the firewall’s configuration at http://192.168.1.1
3. Under the Maintenance heading, select Router Status
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4. Check that an IP address is shown for the WAN Port
If 0.0.0.0 is shown, your firewall has not obtained an IP address from your ISP.
If your firewall is unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP, you may need to force your cable or
DSL modem to recognize your new firewall by performing the following procedure:
1. Turn off power to the cable or DSL modem.
2. Turn off power to your firewall.
3. Wait five minutes and reapply power to the cable or DSL modem.
4. When the modem’s LEDs indicate that it has reacquired sync with the ISP, reapply power to
your firewall.
If your firewall is still unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP, the problem may be one of the
following:
•
Your ISP may require a login program.
Ask your ISP whether they require PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) or some other type of login.
•
If your ISP requires a login, you may have incorrectly set the login name and password.
•
Your ISP may check for your PC's host name.
Assign the PC Host Name of your ISP account as the Account Name in the Basic Settings
menu.
•
Your ISP only allows one Ethernet MAC address to connect to Internet, and may check for
your PC’s MAC address. In this case:
Inform your ISP that you have bought a new network device, and ask them to use the firewall’s
MAC address.
OR
Configure your firewall to spoof your PC’s MAC address. This can be done in the Basic
Settings menu. Refer to “How to Manually Configure Your Internet Connection” on page 312.
If your firewall can obtain an IP address, but your PC is unable to load any Web pages from the
Internet:
•
Your PC may not recognize any DNS server addresses.
A DNS server is a host on the Internet that translates Internet names (such as www addresses)
to numeric IP addresses. Typically your ISP will provide the addresses of one or two DNS
servers for your use. Alternatively, you may configure your PC manually with DNS addresses,
as explained in your operating system documentation.
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•
Your PC may not have the firewall configured as its TCP/IP gateway.
If your PC obtains its information from the firewall by DHCP, reboot the PC and verify the
gateway address.
Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility
Most TCP/IP terminal devices and firewalls contain a ping utility that sends an echo request packet
to the designated device. The device then responds with an echo reply. Troubleshooting a TCP/IP
network is made very easy by using the ping utility in your PC or workstation.
Testing the LAN Path to Your Firewall
You can ping the firewall from your PC to verify that the LAN path to your firewall is set up
correctly.
To ping the firewall from a PC running Windows 95 or later:
1. From the Windows toolbar, click the Start button and select Run.
2. In the field provided, type ping followed by the IP address of the firewall, as in this example:
ping 192.168.1.1
3. Click on OK.
You should see a message like this one:
Pinging <IP address> with 32 bytes of data
If the path is working, you see this message:
Reply from < IP address >: bytes=32 time=NN ms TTL=xxx
If the path is not working, you see this message:
Request timed out
If the path is not functioning correctly, you could have one of the following problems:
•
Wrong physical connections
— Make sure the LAN port LED is on. If the LED is off, follow the instructions in “LAN
or Internet Port LEDs Not On” on page 10-2”.
— Check that the corresponding Link LEDs are on for your network interface card and
for the hub ports (if any) that are connected to your workstation and firewall.
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•
Wrong network configuration
— Verify that the Ethernet card driver software and TCP/IP software are both installed
and configured on your PC or workstation.
— Verify that the IP address for your firewall and your workstation are correct and that
the addresses are on the same subnet.
Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device
After verifying that the LAN path works correctly, test the path from your PC to a remote device.
From the Windows run menu, type:
PING -n 10 <IP address>
where <IP address> is the IP address of a remote device such as your ISP’s DNS server.
If the path is functioning correctly, replies as in the previous section are displayed. If you do not
receive replies:
•
Check that your PC has the IP address of your firewall listed as the default gateway. If the IP
configuration of your PC is assigned by DHCP, this information will not be visible in your
PC’s Network Control Panel. Verify that the IP address of the firewall is listed as the default
gateway.
•
Check to see that the network address of your PC (the portion of the IP address specified by
the netmask) is different from the network address of the remote device.
•
Check that your cable or DSL modem is connected and functioning.
•
If your ISP assigned a host name to your PC, enter that host name as the Account Name in the
Basic Settings menu.
•
Your ISP could be rejecting the Ethernet MAC addresses of all but one of your PCs. Many
broadband ISPs restrict access by only allowing traffic from the MAC address of your
broadband modem, but some ISPs additionally restrict access to the MAC address of a single
PC connected to that modem. If this is the case, you must configure your firewall to “clone” or
“spoof” the MAC address from the authorized PC. Refer to “How to Manually Configure Your
Internet Connection” on page 3-12.
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Restoring the Default Configuration and Password
This section explains how to restore the factory default configuration settings, changing the
firewall’s administration password to password and the IP address to 192.168.1.1. You can erase
the current configuration and restore factory defaults in two ways:
•
Use the Erase function of the firewall (see “Erasing the Configuration” on page 8-7).
•
Use the Reset button on the rear panel of the firewall. Use this method for cases when the
administration password or IP address are not known.
1. Press and hold the Reset button until the Test LED turns on and begins blinking (about 10
seconds).
2. Release the Reset button and wait for the firewall to reboot.
Problems with Date and Time
The E-Mail menu in the Content Filtering section displays the current date and time of day. The
FVG318 wireless VPN firewall uses the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to obtain the current time
from one of several Network Time Servers on the Internet. Each entry in the log is stamped with
the date and time of day. Problems with the date and time function can include:
•
Date shown is January 1, 2000. Cause: The firewall has not yet successfully reached a
Network Time Server. Check that your Internet access settings are configured correctly. If you
have just completed configuring the firewall, wait at least five minutes and check the date and
time again.
•
Time is off by one hour. Cause: The firewall does not automatically sense Daylight Savings
Time. In the E-Mail menu, check or uncheck the box marked Adjust for Daylight Savings
Time.
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Appendix A
Technical Specifications
This appendix provides technical specifications for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall
Model FVG318.
Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility
Data and Routing Protocols:
TCP/IP, RIP-1, RIP-2, DHCP PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)
Power Adapter
North America:
120V, 60 Hz, input
United Kingdom, Australia:
240V, 50 Hz, input
Europe:
230V, 50 Hz, input
Japan:
100V, 50/60 Hz, input
All regions (output):
12 V DC @ 1.2 A output, 18W maximum
Physical Specifications
Dimensions:
39.6 x 254 x 178 mm (1.6 x 10 x 7 in)
Weight:
1.23 kg (2.72 lb)
Environmental Specifications
Operating temperature:
0° to 40° C
(32º to 104º F)
Operating humidity:
90% maximum relative humidity, noncondensing
Electromagnetic Emissions
Meets requirements of:
FCC Part 15 Class B, VCCI Class B, EN 55 022 (CISPR
22), Class B
Interface Specifications
LAN:
10BASE-T or 100BASE-Tx, RJ-45
WAN:
10BASE-T or 100BASE-Tx, RJ-45
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Appendix B
Related Documents
This appendix provides links to reference documents you can use to gain a more complete
understanding of the technologies used in your NETGEAR product.
Document
Link
Internet Networking and TCP/IP
Addressing:
http://documentation.netgear.com/reference/enu/tcpip/index.htm
Wireless Communications:
http://documentation.netgear.com/reference/enu/wireless/index.htm
Preparing a Computer for
Network Access:
http://documentation.netgear.com/reference/enu/wsdhcp/index.htm
Virtual Private Networking
(VPN):
http://documentation.netgear.com/reference/enu/vpn/index.htm
Glossary:
http://documentation.netgear.com/reference/enu/glossary/index.htm
Related Documents
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Appendix C
VPN Configuration of NETGEAR FVG318
This is a case study on how to configure a secure IPSec VPN tunnel on a NETGEAR FVG318.
This case study follows the VPN Consortium interoperability profile guidelines (found at
http://www.vpnc.org/InteropProfiles/Interop-01.html).
This study covers the following situations:
• FVG318 to FVG318 (see page B-6)
• FVG318 to VPN Client (see page B-15)
Note: Product updates are available on the NETGEAR, Inc. Web site at
http://www.netgear.com/support/main.asp.
Case Study Overview
The procedure for configuring a VPN tunnel between two gateway endpoints is as follows:
1. Gather the network information
2. Configure gateway A
3. Configure gateway B
4. Activate the VPN tunnel
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Gathering the Network Information
The configuration in this document follows the addressing and configuration mechanics defined
by the VPN Consortium. Gather all the necessary information before you begin the configuration
process. Verify whether the firmware is up to date, all of the addresses that will be necessary, and
all of the parameters that need to be set on both sides. Check that there are no firewall restrictions.
10.5.6.0/24
172.23.9.0/24
VPN Consortium Example
Network Interface Addressing
Gateway A
LAN IP
10.5.6.1
14.15.16.17
22.23.24.25
WAN IP
WAN IP
Gateway B
LAN IP
172.23.9.1
Figure B-1
Configuring the Gateways
Configure each gateway as summarized in Figure B-2 and Figure B-3:
1. Configure Gate A.
a. Log in to the router at Gateway A.
b. Use the VPN Wizard to configure this router.
Enter the requested information as prompted by the VPN Wizard:
•
Connection Name and Pre-Shared Key
•
Remote WAN IP address
•
Remote LAN IP Subnet: IP Address and Subnet Mask:
2. Repeat the above steps for Gateway B.
a. Log in to the router at Gateway B.
b. Use the VPN Wizard to configure this router.
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Enter the requested information as prompted by the VPN Wizard.
Note: The WAN and LAN IP addresses must be unique at each end of the VPN
tunnel.
The figure below shows the first part of NETGEAR’s VPN Wizard for the router at each
gateway (Figure B-3 shows the other part).
Step 5: Verify the information
(example screen)
Example screen
Figure B-2
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The figure below shows the second part of NETGEAR’s VPN Wizard for the router at a
gateway A (Figure B-2 shows the other part).
Step 5: Verify the information
(example screen)
Example screen
Figure B-3
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Note: The default log in address for the FVG318 router is http://192.168.1.1 with
the default user name of admin and default password of password. The
login address will change to the local LAN IP subnet address after you
configure the router. The user name and password will also change to the
ones you have chosen to use in your installation.
Activating the VPN Tunnel
You can activate the VPN tunnel by testing connectivity and viewing the VPN tunnel status
information as described in the following flowchart:
Start
Fail
Fail
Test Step 1
Pass
Ping Remote
LAN IP Address
Test Step 2
Pass
Ping Remote
WAN IP Address
Fix the
Router Network
and then Retest
Fix the
VPN Tunnel
and then Retest
Test Step 3
View VPN
Tunnel Status
End
Figure B-4
All traffic from the range of LAN IP addresses specified on the router at Gateway A and the router
at Gateway B will now flow over a secure VPN tunnel.
VPN Configuration of NETGEAR FVG318
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
The FVG318-to-FVG318 Case
Table B-1. Policy Summary
VPN Consortium Scenario:
Scenario 1
Type of VPN
LAN-to-LAN or Gateway-to-Gateway
Security Scheme:
IKE with Preshared Secret/Key
Date Tested:
Model/Firmware Tested:
NETGEAR-Gateway A
FVG318 with firmware version v1.0
NETGEAR-Gateway B
FVG318 with firmware version v1.0
IP Addressing:
NETGEAR-Gateway A
Static IP address
NETGEAR-Gateway B
Static IP address
Configuring the VPN Tunnel
Note: This scenario assumes all ports are open on the FVG318.
Gateway A
FVS318v3
10.5.6.1/24
LAN IP
Scenario 1
14.15.16.17
WAN IP
Gateway B
FVS318v3
22.23.24.25
WAN IP
172.23.9.1/24
LAN IP
Figure B-5
Use this scenario illustration and configuration screens as a model to build your configuration.
1. Log in to the FVG318 labeled Gateway A as in the illustration above.
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
Log in at the default address of http://192.168.1.1 with the default user name of admin and
default password of password (or using whatever password and LAN address you have
chosen).
Note: Based on the network addresses used in this example, you would log in to the
LAN IP address of http://10.5.6.1 at Gateway A.
2. Use the VPN Wizard to configure the FVG318 at Gateway A.
Follow the steps listed in Figure B-2 and Figure B-3 using the following parameters as
illustrated in Figure B-7 on page B-9:
• Connection Name: Scenario_1 (in this example)
• Pre-Shared Key: 12345678 (in this example), must be the same at both VPN tunnel
endpoints
• Remote WAN IP address: 22.23.24.25 (in this example), must be unique at each VPN
tunnel endpoint
• Remote LAN IP Subnet
–
IP Address: 172.23.9.1 (in this example), must be unique at each VPN tunnel endpoint
–
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 (in this example)
3. Log in to the FVG318 labeled Gateway B as in the illustration (Figure B-5).
Log in at the default address of http://192.168.1.1 with the default user name of admin and
default password of password (or using whatever password and LAN address you have
chosen).
Note: Based on the network addresses used in this example, you would log in to the
LAN IP address of http://172.23.9.1 at Gateway B.
4. Repeat the process using the VPN Wizard to configure the FVG318 at Gateway B.
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)9*
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/$1,3
:$1,3
:$1,3
/$1,3
Figure 2-6
VPN Configuration of NETGEAR FVG318
v1.0, October 2005
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
Follow the steps listed in Figure B-2 and Figure B-3, but use the following parameters instead
as illustrated in Figure 2-6:
• Connection Name: Scenario_1 (in this example)
• Pre-Shared Key: 12345678 (in this example), must be the same at both VPN tunnel
endpoints
• Remote WAN IP address: 14.15.16.17 (in this example), must be unique at each VPN
tunnel endpoint
• Remote LAN IP Subnet
C-8
–
IP Address: 10.5.6.1 (in this example), must be unique at each VPN tunnel endpoint
–
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 (in this example)
VPN Configuration of NETGEAR FVG318
v1.0, October 2005
Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
All traffic from the range of LAN IP addresses specified on FVG318 A and FVG318 B will now
flow over a secure VPN tunnel once the VPN tunnel is initiated (see “Initiating and Checking the
VPN Connections” on page B-13).
Gateway A VPN Parameter Entry
Gateway B VPN Parameter Entry
Continue as shown in Figure 10-4
Continue as shown in Figure 10-4
Figure B-7
VPN Configuration of NETGEAR FVG318
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
Viewing and Editing the VPN Parameters
The VPN Wizard sets up a VPN tunnel using the default parameters from the VPN Consortium
(VPNC). The policy definitions to manage VPN traffic on the FVG318 are presented in Figure B-8
and Figure B-9.
Gateway A VPN Policy Parameters
Gateway B VPN Policy Parameters
Figure B-8
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
Gateway A IKE Parameters
Gateway B IKE Parameters
VPN Configuration of NETGEAR FVG318
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
Gateway A IKE Parameters
Gateway B IKE Parameters
Figure B-9
Note: The Pre-Shared Key must be the same at both VPN tunnel endpoints.
The remote WAN and LAN IP addresses for one VPN tunnel endpoint will be the
local WAN and LAN IP addresses for the other VPN tunnel endpoint.
The VPN Wizard ensures the other VPN parameters are the same at both VPN
tunnel endpoints.
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VPN Configuration of NETGEAR FVG318
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
Initiating and Checking the VPN Connections
You can test connectivity and view VPN status information on the FVG318 according to the
testing flowchart shown in Figure B-4 on page B-5. To test the VPN tunnel from the Gateway A
LAN, do the following:
1. Test 1: Ping Remote LAN IP Address: To establish the connection between the FVG318
Gateway A and Gateway B tunnel endpoints, perform these steps at Gateway A:
a. From a Windows PC attached to the FVG318 on LAN A, click the Start button on the
taskbar and then click Run.
b. Type ping -t 172.23.9.1, and then click OK (you would type ping -t 10.5.6.1 if testing
from Gateway B).
c. This will cause a continuous ping to be sent to the LAN interface of Gateway B. Within
two minutes, the ping response should change from timed out to reply.
At this point the VPN-tunnel-endpoint-to-VPN-tunnel-endpoint connection is established.
2. Test 2: Ping Remote WAN IP Address (if Test 1 fails): To test connectivity between the
Gateway A and Gateway B WAN ports, follow these steps:
a. Log in to the router on LAN A, go to the main menu Maintenance section, and click the
Diagnostics link.
b. To test connectivity to the WAN port of Gateway B, enter 22.23.24.25, and then click
Ping (you would enter 14.15.16.17 if testing from Gateway B).
c. This causes a ping to be sent to the WAN interface of Gateway B. Within two minutes, the
ping response should change from timed out to reply. You may have to run this test several
times before you get the reply message back from the target FVG318.
d. At this point the gateway-to-gateway connection is verified.
3. Test 3: View VPN Tunnel Status: To view the FVG318 event log and status of Security
Associations, follow these steps:
a. Go to the FVG318 main menu VPN section and click the VPN Status link.
VPN Configuration of NETGEAR FVG318
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
b. The log screen displays a history of the VPN connections, and the IPSec SA and IKE SA
tables report the status and data transmission statistics of the VPN tunnels for each policy.
VPN Status at Gateway A (FVG318)
Status of VPN
tunnel from
Gateway B
Status of VPN
tunnel to
Gateway B
22.23.24.25
22.23.24.25
VPN Status at Gateway B (FVG318)
Status of VPN
tunnel from
Gateway A
22.23.24.25
Status of VPN
tunnel to
Gateway A
Figure B-10
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VPN Configuration of NETGEAR FVG318
v1.0, October 2005
Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
The FVG318-to-VPN Client Case
Table B-1. Policy Summary
VPN Consortium Scenario:
Scenario 1
Type of VPN
PC/Client-to-Gateway
Security Scheme:
IKE with Preshared Secret/Key
Date Tested:
Model/Firmware Tested:
NETGEAR-Gateway A
FVG318 with firmware version v1.0
NETGEAR-Client B
NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client v10.3.5
IP Addressing:
NETGEAR-Gateway A
Static IP address
NETGEAR-Client B
Dynamic IP address
Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnel Overview
The operational differences between gateway-to-gateway and client-to-gateway VPN tunnels are
summarized as follows:
Table B-2. Differences between VPN tunnel types
Operation
Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Tunnels
Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnels
Exchange Mode
Main Mode—The IP addresses of both
gateways are known (especially when
FQDN is used), so each gateway can
use the Internet source of the traffic for
validation purposes.
Aggressive Mode—The IP address of
the client is not known in advance, so the
gateway is programmed to accept valid
traffic sourced from any Internet location
(i.e., less secure).
Direction/Type
Both Directions—Either end of the VPN Remote Access—The client end of the
tunnel may initiate traffic (usually).
VPN tunnel must initiate traffic because
its IP address is not know in advance,
which prevents the gateway end of the
VPN tunnel from initiating traffic.
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
Configuring the VPN Tunnel
Note: This scenario assumes all ports are open on the FVG318.
The figure below shows LAN to PC VPN access from an FVG318 to a VPN Client.
10.5.6.0/24
Scenario 1
Gateway A
LAN IP
10.5.6.1
Client B
WAN IP
WAN IP
14.15.16.17
0.0.0.0
Router
PC
(running NETGEAR
ProSafe VPN Client)
Figure B-11
Use this scenario illustration and configuration screens as a model to build your configuration.
1. Log in to the FVG318 labeled Gateway A as in the illustration above.
Log in at the default address of http://192.168.1.1 with the default user name of admin and
default password of password (or using whatever password and LAN address you have
chosen).
Note: Based on the network addresses used in this example, you would log in to the
LAN IP address of http://10.5.6.1 at Gateway A.
2. Use the VPN Wizard to configure the FVG318 at Gateway A.
Follow the steps illustrated in Figure B-11 (the resulting parameter screens are shown in
Figure B-12 on page B-17):
• Connection Name: Scenario_1 (in this example)
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
•
•
Pre-Shared Key: 12345678 (in this example), must be the same at both VPN tunnel
endpoints
Connection Type: A Remote VPN Client
The figure below shows the VPN Wizard at Gateway A (FVG318).
Pre-Shared Key
must be the
same at both
ends of the
VPN tunnel
Select
“A Remote
VPN Client”
Figure B-12
VPN Configuration of NETGEAR FVG318
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
The figure below shows theVPN parameters at Gateway A (FVG318).
Figure B-13
3. Set up the VPN Client at Gateway B as in the illustration (Figure B-11).
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
a. Right-mouse-click the ProSafe icon ( ) in the system tray and select the Security Policy
Editor. If you need to install the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client on your PC, consult the
documentation that came with your software.
b. Add a new connection using the Edit/Add/Connection menu and rename it Scenario_1.
(Scenario_1 is used in this example to reflect the fact that the connection uses the PreShared Key security scheme and encryption parameters proposed by the VPN
Consortium, but you may want to choose a name for your connection that is meaningful to
your specific installation. The name you choose does not have to match the name used at
the gateway end of the VPN tunnel.)
Figure B-14
c. Program the Scenario_1 connection screen as follows (see Figure B-15 on page B-20):
• Connection Security: Secure
• Remote Party Identity and Addressing: Select IP Subnet from the ID Type menu and
then enter 10.5.6.1 for Subnet, 255.255.255.0 for Mask, and leave All for Protocol.
(The Subnet and Mask parameters entered here must match the Start IP address and
Subnet Mask parameters of the Local IP Traffic Selector on the VPN Autopolicy
screen shown in Figure B-13 for the gateway router.)
• Enable Connect Using Secure Gateway Tunnel; select Domain Name for ID_Type;
enter fvs_local for Domain Name; and enter 14.15.16.17 for Gateway IP Address.
(Domain Name must match the Local Identity Data parameter of the IKE Policy
Configuration screen shown in Figure B-13 for the gateway router. Also, Gateway
IP Address must match the WAN IP address of the gateway router shown in
Figure B-11.)
VPN Configuration of NETGEAR FVG318
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
•
Expand the Scenario_1 screen hierarchy by clicking the + sign in front of Scenario_1.
Then expand the rest of the screen hierarchies by clicking the rest of the + signs.
Figure B-15
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VPN Configuration of NETGEAR FVG318
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
d. Select Security Policy on the left hierarchy menu and then select Aggressive Mode under
Select Phase 1 Negotiation Mode (see Figure B-16). (The Select Phase 1 Negotiation
Mode choice must match the Exchange Mode setting for the General IKE Policy
Configuration parameters shown in Figure B-13 for the gateway router.)
Figure B-16
e. Select My Identity on the left hierarchy menu and program the screen as follows (see
Figure B-17 on page B-22):
• Under My Identity, select None for Select Certificate (since we are using a PreShared Key in this scenario). Then enter 12345678 for the Pre-Shared Key value.
(The Preshared-Key value must match the value you entered in the VPN Wizard for
the gateway Pre-Shared Key value shown in Figure B-12.)
VPN Configuration of NETGEAR FVG318
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
•
Under My Identity, select Domain Name for the ID Type and then enter fvs_remote.
(Domain Name must match the Remote Identity Data parameter of the IKE Policy
Configuration screen shown in Figure B-13 for the gateway router.)
Pre-Shared Key
must be the same
at both ends of
the VPN tunnel
Figure B-17
f.
Verify the Authentication (Phase 1) and Key Exchange (Phase 1) Proposal 1 screen
parameters (see Figure B-18) match the IKE SA Parameters of the IKE Policy
Configuration screen shown in Figure B-13 for the gateway router.
Figure B-18
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
g. Save the Scenario_1 connection using Save under the File menu. You can also export the
connection parameters using Export Security Policy under the File menu.
You are now ready to activate the tunnel, but you must do it from the client endpoint (see
“Initiating and Checking the VPN Connections” on page B-23). In the client-to-gateway scenario,
the gateway router will not know the client’s IP address until the client initiates the traffic.
Initiating and Checking the VPN Connections
You can test connectivity and view VPN status information on the FVG318 and VPN Client
according to the testing flowchart shown in Figure B-4. To test the VPN tunnel from the Gateway
A LAN, do the following:
1. Test 1: Launch Scenario_1 Connection from Client PC: To check the VPN Connection, you
can initiate a request from the remote PC to the VPN router’s network by using the Connect
option in the VPN Client’s menu bar (see Figure B-19 on page B-24). Since the remote PC has
a dynamically assigned WAN IP address, it must initiate the request.
a. Open the popup menu by right-clicking on the system tray icon.
b. Select Connect to open the My Connections list.
c. Choose Scenario_1.
The VPN Client reports the results of the attempt to connect. Once the connection is
established, you can access resources of the network connected to the VPN router.
Alternative Ping Test: To perform a ping test as an alternative, start from the remote PC:
a. From a Windows Client PC, click the Start button on the taskbar and then click Run.
b. Type ping -t 10.5.6.1, and then click OK.
c. This will cause a continuous ping to be sent to the LAN interface of Gateway A. Within
two minutes, the ping response should change from timed out to reply.
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
At this point the VPN-tunnel-endpoint-to-VPN-tunnel-endpoint connection is established.
Figure B-19
2. Test 2: Ping Remote WAN IP Address (if Test 1 fails): To test connectivity between the
Gateway A and Gateway B WAN ports, follow these steps:
a. From a Windows Client PC, click the Start button on the taskbar and then click Run.
b. Type ping -t 14.151.6.17, and then click OK.
c. This causes a ping to be sent to the WAN interface of Gateway A. Within two minutes, the
ping response should change from timed out to reply. You may have to run this test several
times before you get the reply message back from the target FVG318.
d. At this point the gateway-to-gateway connection is verified.
3. Test 3: View VPN Tunnel Status: To view the FVG318 event log and status of Security
Associations, go to the FVG318 main menu VPN section and click the VPN Status link. For
the For the VPN Client, click VPN Status on the VPN Status/Log screen.
a. Open the popup menu by right-clicking on the system tray icon.
b. Select Connection Monitor.
See Figure B-20 below for the resulting status screens.
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Reference Manual for the ProSafe Wireless 802.11g VPN Firewall Model FVG318
VPN Status at Gateway A (FVG318)
Status of VPN
tunnel from
Gateway B
Status of VPN
tunnel to
Gateway B
22.23.24.25
22.23.24.25
Connection Monitor at Gateway B (remote VPN Client)
Status of VPN
tunnel to and
from Gateway A
Figure B-20
VPN Configuration of NETGEAR FVG318
v1.0, October 2005
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VPN Configuration of NETGEAR FVG318
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A
Account Name 3-13
Auto Uplink 2-3
exposed host 5-14
Index
F
factory settings, restoring 8-7
B
backup configuration 8-7
Basic Wireless Connectivity 4-7
Bigpond 3-14
firewall features 2-2
Flash memory, for firmware upgrade 2-1
G
General 7-4, 7-7, 7-11
C
CA 7-22
H
Certificate Authority 7-22
host name 3-13
configuration
automatic by DHCP 2-4
backup 8-7
erasing 8-7
restore 8-6
router, initial 3-1
content filtering 2-2, 5-1
conventions
typography 1-1
I
inbound rules 5-6
installation 2-4
Internet Protocol security 6-1
IP addresses
auto-generated 10-3
IPSec 6-1
crossover cable 2-3, 10-2
D
date and time 10-7
Daylight Savings Time 10-7
daylight savings time 5-18
Denial of Service (DoS) protection 2-2
DMZ 2-3
DMZ Server 5-13
DNS Proxy 2-4
DNS server 3-13
L
LEDs
description 2-7
troubleshooting 10-2
log
sending 5-19
Log Viewer 6-18
Logout 3-10, 3-11
M
Domain Name 3-13
MAC address 10-6
spoofing 3-13, 10-4
E
metric 9-7
erase configuration 8-7
N
ESSID 4-8
Ethernet 2-3
NAT. See Network Address Translation
Index-1
outbound 5-9
Network Address Translation 2-4
Network Time Protocol 5-18, 10-7
newsgroup 5-4
S
NTP 5-18, 10-7
SA 6-3
Scope of Document 1-1
O
Secondary DNS Server 3-13
order of precedence 5-11
security 2-1, 2-3
outbound rules 5-9
security association 6-3
service blocking 5-9
P
service numbers 5-15
package contents 2-5
Setup Wizard 3-1
passphrase 2-2
SMTP 5-19
password
restoring 10-7
spoof MAC address 10-4
PKIX 7-22
stateful packet inspection 2-2, 5-1
port filtering 5-9
syslog 5-22
SSID 4-4, 4-8, 4-9
port forwarding 5-6
port numbers 5-15
T
PPP over Ethernet 2-4
PPPoE 2-4
TCP/IP
network, troubleshooting 10-5
PPTP 3-14
Telstra 3-14
Primary DNS Server 3-13
time of day 10-7
protocols
Routing Information 2-3
support 2-1
time zone 5-18
R
range 4-1
remote management 9-8
reserved IP adresses 9-5
restore configuration 8-6
restore factory settings 8-7
Restrict Wireless Access by MAC Address 4-9
RIP (Router Information Protocol) 9-4
Routing Information Protocol 2-3
rules
inbound 5-6
order of precedence 5-11
Index-2
time-stamping 5-18
troubleshooting 10-1
W
Wireless Security 4-2