QNAP Turbo NAS

Manual del usuario del hardware de TVS-871T

© 2015. QNAP Systems, Inc. Todos los derechos reservados.

¡Muchas gracias por escoger los productos de QNAP! Este manual del usuario suministra una descripción del hardware del Turbo NAS y directrices relevantes de ciertas funciones Léalo detenidamente y cumpla estrictamente las instrucciones del manual.

Este manual del usuario es aplicable a los siguientes modelos del Turbo NAS:

TVS-871T-i5-16G, TVS-871T-i7-16G

NOTA



El “Turbo NAS” de aquí en adelante se denominará “NAS”.



El producto que ha comprado puede que no admita ciertas funciones dedicadas a modelos específicos.



Todas las características, funcionalidad y especificaciones de otros productos están sujetas a cambios sin previo aviso ni obligaciones.



La información contenida en este documento está sujeta a cambios sin previo aviso.



Ninguna parte de este documento se puede reproducir, almacenar en un sistema de recuperación ni transmitir de ninguna forma o medio mecánico, electrónico, de fotocopiado, grabación o cualquier otro, sin el permiso escrito previo de QNAP Systems, Inc.



QNAP y el logo de QNAP son marcas comerciales de QNAP Systems, Inc. Los otros productos y nombres de compañías mencionadas en este documento pueden ser las marcas comerciales de sus respectivas compañías.

2

Descargo de responsabilidades

En ningún caso la responsabilidad de QNAP Systems, Inc debe exceder el precio pagado por el producto por los daños directos, indirectos, especiales, incidentales o consecuenciales que resulten del uso del producto, su software acompañante o su documentación. QNAP no ofrece garantía o representación, expresa, implícita o regulatoria, con respecto a sus productos o contenidos o uso de esta documentación y todo el software adjunto, y específicamente hace exención de su calidad, desempeño, comerciabilidad o idoneidad para cualquier propósito particular. QNAP se reserva el derecho de revisar o actualizar sus productos, software o documentación sin obligación de notificar a ningún individuo o entidad.

Nota:

1. Haga copias de seguridad de su sistema periódicamente para evitar cualquier pérdida de datos. QNAP renuncia a cualquier responsabilidad por toda clase de pérdida de datos o recuperación.

2. Si devuelve cualquiera de los componentes del paquete del producto para reintegro o mantenimiento, asegúrese de que estén empacados para el envío. Cualquier forma de daños debido al embalaje inapropiado no se compensará.

3

Aviso regulatorio

Declaración de FCC

El QNAP NAS cumple con diferentes clases de regulaciones de FCC. Consulte Capítulo 9 para obtener más

detalles. Una vez que se haya determinado la clase de dispositivo, consulte las siguientes declaraciones correspondientes.

=======================================================

Declaración de clase A de FCC

Este dispositivo cumple con la parte 15 de las reglas FCC. El funcionamiento está sujeto a las dos condiciones siguientes:

1. Este dispositivo no debe ocasionar interferencias perjudiciales.

2. Este dispositivo debe aceptar cualquier interferencia recibida incluyendo la interferencia que pueda causar un funcionamiento no deseado.

Nota: este equipo ha sido probado y se ha encontrado que cumple con los límites para los dispositivos digitales de clase A, de acuerdo con la parte 15 de las reglas de FCC. Estos límites están diseñados para suministrar protección razonable contra interferencia nociva cuando el equipo se use en un entorno comercial. Este equipo genera, usa y puede emitir energía de frecuencias de radio y, si no se instala y se usa de acuerdo con las instrucciones, puede causar interferencia nociva en las comunicaciones de radio. La operación de este equipo en un área residencial puede causar interferencia nociva, en cuyo caso el usuario deberá corregir la interferencia asumiendo los costos.

Modificaciones: cualquier modificación hecha a este dispositivo que no esté aprobada por QNAP Systems, Inc. puede anular la autoridad otorgada al usuario por FCC para usar este equipo.

4

Declaración de clase B de FCC

Este dispositivo cumple con la parte 15 de las reglas FCC. El funcionamiento está sujeto a las dos condiciones siguientes:

1. Este dispositivo no debe ocasionar interferencias perjudiciales.

2. Este dispositivo debe aceptar cualquier interferencia recibida incluyendo la interferencia que pueda causar un funcionamiento no deseado.

Nota: este equipo ha sido probado y se ha encontrado que cumple con los límites para los dispositivos digitales de clase B, de acuerdo con la parte 15 de las reglas de FCC. Estos límites están diseñados para suministrar protección razonable contra interferencia nociva en una instalación residencial. Este equipo genera, usa y puede emitir energía de frecuencias de radio y, si no se instala y se usa de acuerdo con las instrucciones, puede causar interferencia nociva a las comunicaciones de radio. Sin embargo, no existe garantía de que la interferencia no se presentará en una instalación particular. Si este equipo no causa interferencia nociva para la recepción de radio o televisión, lo cual se puede determinar apagando y encendiendo el equipo, se le recomienda al usuario que trate de corregir la interferencia siguiendo algunas de estas recomendaciones:

•

•

•

•

Reoriente o vuelva a ubicar la antena receptora.

Aumente la separación entre el equipo y el receptor.

Conecte el equipo en una toma o un circuito diferente a donde esté conectado el receptor.

Póngase en contacto con el distribuidor o con un técnico especializado en radio o televisión para recibir ayuda.

Modificaciones: cualquier modificación hecha a este dispositivo que no esté aprobada por QNAP Systems, Inc. puede anular la autoridad otorgada al usuario por FCC para usar este equipo.

Declaración de CE

El QNAP NAS cumple con diferentes clases de regulaciones de CE Consulte Capítulo 9 para obtener más

detalles.

5

Símbolos de este documento

Este icono indica que las instrucciones se deben seguir estrictamente. Si no lo

Advertencia hace, se pueden presentar lesiones físicas o incluso la muerte.

Precaución

Este icono indica que la acción puede ocasionar la eliminación o pérdida de la información del disco; si no se siguen las instrucciones, se pueden presentar daños en los datos, en el disco o en el producto.

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Tabla de contenido

Advertencias de seguridad ................................................................................. 8

Capítulo 1.

Especificaciones de CPU y memoria................................................ 9

Capítulo 2.

Comportamiento de los botones de encendido y de restablecer ... 10

Capítulo 3.

Copia USB de un toque ................................................................. 12

Capítulo 4.

Especificaciones del LED y el timbre de alarma ............................ 13

Capítulo 5.

Alarma sonora: todos los modelos del NAS .................................. 15

Capítulo 6.

Intercambio en caliente de discos duros ...................................... 16

Capítulo 7.

Recuperació n RAID ...................................................................... 18

Capítulo 8.

Soporte té cnico ............................................................................ 20

Capítulo 9.

Clase de cumplimiento del producto ............................................. 21

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE ....................................................................... 22

7

Advertencias de seguridad

1. El NAS puede funcionar normalmente a temperaturas de 0ºC–40ºC (32ºF -104ºF) y humedad relativa de

5%–95%. Asegúrese de que el entorno esté bien ventilado.

2. El cable eléctrico y los dispositivos conectados al NAS deben suministrar voltaje de alimentación correcto.

(100W, 90–264V).

3. No ponga el NAS directamente a la luz del sol o cerca de sustancias químicas. Asegúrese de que la temperatura y la humedad del entorno estén en el nivel óptimo.

4. Antes de limpiar, desconecte el cable de alimentación eléctrica y todos los cables que estén conectados.

Limpie el NAS con una toalla seca. No use productos químicos o aerosoles para limpiar el NAS.

5. No ponga ningún objeto sobre el NAS para garantizar funcionamiento normal del servidor y para evitar sobrecalentamiento.

6. Al instalar los discos duros, use tornillos de cabeza plana en el paquete de productos para asegurar los discos duros en el NAS para un funcionamiento apropiado.

7. No ponga el NAS cerca de ningún líquido.

8. No ponga el NAS en ninguna superficie desnivelada para evitar que se caiga y se dañe.

9. Asegúrese de que el voltaje sea correcto en la ubicación donde se instale el NAS. Póngase en contacto con el distribuidor o la compañía local de suministro eléctrico para obtener información.

10. No ponga ningún objeto sobre el cable eléctrico.

11. No intente reparar el NAS en ninguna ocasión. El desensamble inapropiado del producto puede exponer a los usuarios a descargas eléctricas u otros riesgos. Para cualquier consulta, póngase en contacto con el distribuidor.

12. Los modelos del chasis del NAS se deberían instalar únicamente en el salón de servidores y mantenidos por el director de servidores autorizados o el administrador de TI. El salón de servidores está asegurado por una clave o tarjeta de acceso y solamente al personal autorizado se le permite entrar al salón de servidores.

Advertencia:



Peligro de explosión si la batería se reemplaza de forma incorrecta. Reemplace solamente con el mismo tipo de baterías o equivalentes recomendado por el fabricante. Deseche las baterías usadas de acuerdo con las instrucciones del fabricante.



No toque el ventilador interno del sistema para evitar lesiones graves.

8

Capítulo 1.

Especificaciones de CPU y memoria

Precaución: si se modifica el hardware, software o firmware de los productos de QNAP, se anulará la garantía. QNAP no se responsabiliza por ninguna clase de daño o pérdida de información debido a la modificación de los productos de QNAP. Los usuarios deben asumir sus propios riesgos de toda clase de por posible pérdida de datos o inestabilidad del sistema debido a los cambios de las partes de hardware, modificación del firmware predeterminado del sistema o instalación de cualquier aplicación de terceros no autorizada en los productos de QNAP.

Sistema

CPU

Memoria

TVS-871T-i5 TVS-871T-i7

Procesador Intel Core i3 de dos núcleos de Procesador Intel Core i7 de cuatro núcleos

4 a

generación de 4 a

generación

16GB DDR3 RAM 16GB DDR3 RAM

Flash 512MB (USB DOM)

¿La CPU se puede reemplazar?

No

¿La memoria se puede

No reemplazar?

Número de ranuras

SO-DIMM

Número de ranuras para discos duros

2

8

Número de ranuras

PCIe

Número de puertos

Thunderbolt

2

Número de puertos de

4 red de 1 Gigabit

Número de puertos de

2 red de 10 Gigabits

2 (ocupados por thunderbolt HBA y el adaptador 10GbE)

512MB (USB DOM)

No

No

2

8

2 (ocupados por thunderbolt HBA y el adaptador 10GbE)

2

4

2

9

Capítulo 2.

Comportamiento de los botones de encendido y de restablecer

 Botón de encendido: presione para encender o apagar.

Sistema

Botón de encendido

(Encender)

Botón de encendido

(Apagado de hardware)

1,5 s Todos los modelos Presione una vez

 Botón restablecer: Presione para restablecer la configuración del sistema.

Botón de encendido

(Forzar apagado)

5 s

Sistema

Restablecer el sistema básico

(1 sonido bip)

3 s

Restablecer el sistema avanzado

(2 sonidos bip)

10 s Todos los modelos

Restablecer el sistema básico (3 segundos)

Al presionar el botón restablecer durante tres segundos, se oirá un sonido bip. La siguiente configuración se restablece por la predeterminada:



Contraseña de administración del sistema: admin



Configuración TCP/IP: Obtener automáticamente la configuración de la dirección IP a través de DHCP



Configuración TCP/IP: Deshabilitar Jumbo Frame



Configuración TCP/IP: Si el enlace troncal de puertos está habilitado (modelos LAN duales solamente), el modo de enlace troncal de puertos se restablecerá a “Copia de seguridad activa (Conmutación por error)”.



Puerto del sistema: 8080 (puerto de servicio del sistema)



Nivel de seguridad: Bajo (Permite todas las conexiones)



Contraseña del panel LCD: (vacío)*



VLAN se deshabilitará.



Enlace de servicio: todos los servicios del NAS se ejecutan en todas las interfaces de red disponibles.

* Esta característica solamente la suministran los modelos NAS con paneles LCD. Visite http://www.qnap.com para obtener detalles.

10

Restablecer el sistema avanzado (10 segundos)

Presione el botón restablecer durante 10 segundos; escuchará dos sonidos bip a los 3 y 10 segundos. El NAS restablecerá toda la configuración del sistema con sus valores predeterminados por medio del restablecimiento del sistema basado en la web en “Control Panel” (Panel de control) > “System Settings” (Configuración del sistema) > “Backup / Restore” (Copia de seguridad / Restaurar) > “Restore to Factory Default” (Restaurar los valores de fábrica), excepto que todos los datos se conservan. La configuración de usuarios, grupos y carpetas compartidas de redes creados con anterioridad se eliminarán. Para recuperar la información antigua después de hacer el restablecimiento avanzado del sistema, cree las mismas carpetas compartidas de red en el NAS para poder tener acceso a los datos nuevamente.

11

Capítulo 3.

Copia USB de un toque

Esta característica solamente la suministran los modelos NAS con un botón de Copia USB de un toque. Visite http://www.qnap.com para obtener detalles.

Sistema Número de segundos (Presione el botón Copia de un toque para activar la copia de datos)

Todos los modelos del NAS 0,5 s

Copia de datos por medio del puerto USB delantero

El NAS admite copia de seguridad instantánea de datos desde un dispositivo USB al NAS o viceversa por medio del botón delantero de copia de un toque. Para usar esta función, siga los pasos descritos a continuación:

1. Asegúrese de que un disco duro formateado se haya instalado en el NAS. El recurso compartido de red predeterminado Qusb o Usb se creará.

2. Encienda el NAS.

3. Configure el comportamiento del botón de copia en “Backup Station” > “External Backup” (Copia de seguridad externa) > “USB one touch copy” (Copia USB de un toque).

4. Conecte el dispositivo de almacenamiento USB en el puerto USB delantero del NAS.

5. Presione el botón Copiar. El LED USB destellará y los datos se copiarán hacia el dispositivo USB o desde él, de acuerdo a la configuración del NAS.

Nota: esta característica adopta la copia de seguridad incremental. Después de hacer la primera copia de seguridad de los datos, NAS solamente copiará los archivos que hayan cambiado desde la última copia de seguridad.

12

Capítulo 4.

Especificaciones del LED y el timbre de alarma

Los indicadores LED del NAS muestran el estado y la información del sistema. Cuando el NAS esté encendido, compruebe los siguientes elementos para garantizar que el estado sea normal. Tenga en cuenta que la siguiente información del LED solamente se aplica cuando los usuarios hayan instalado apropiadamente los discos duros y conectado el NAS a la red y a la fuente de alimentación eléctrica.

LED Color Estado del LED Descripción

Destellos verdes y rojos alternativamente cada 0,5 s

1. Se está formateando una unidad de disco duro en el NAS.

2. El NAS se está inicializando.

3. El firmware del sistema se está actualizando.

4. La reconstrucción del RAID está en proceso.

5. La expansión de la capacidad RAID en línea está en proceso.

6. La migración del nivel RAID en línea está en proceso.

Estado del

Sistema

Rojo/

Verde

Rojo

1. Una unidad de disco duro no es válida.

2. El volumen del disco ha llegado a toda su capacidad.

3. El volumen del disco se va a llenar.

4. El ventilador del sistema no está funcionando.

5. Ocurre un error al acceder los datos del disco(leer/escribir).

6. Se detectó un sector defectuoso en el disco duro.

7. El NAS está en modo degradado de solo lectura (2 discos miembros fallan en una configuración RAID

5 o RAID 6, los datos del disco aún se pueden leer).

8. Error en la autocomprobación del Hardware.

Destellos rojos cada 0,5 s

El sistema está en el modo degradado (un disco miembro falla en la configuración RAID 1, RAID 5 o RAID

6).

Destellos verdes cada 0,5 s

1.

El NAS se está iniciando.

2.

El NAS no está configurado.

3.

Una unidad de disco duro no está formateada.

Verde

Apagado

El NAS está listo.

Todas las unidades de disco duro del NAS están en modo de espera.

13

LAN

USB**

DD

Anaranjado

Azul

Anaranjado

Los datos del disco se están usando desde la red y un error de lectura y escritura se presenta durante el proceso.

Destellos anaranjados

El NAS está conectado a la red.

Destella en azul cada 0,5 s

Azul

Apagado

1. Se está detectando un dispositivo USB (conectado en el puerto USB frontal).

2. Se está quitando del NAS un dispositivo USB

(conectado en el puerto USB frontal).

3. Se está accediendo al dispositivo USB (conectado al puerto USB delantero del sistema).

4. Los datos se están copiando hacia el dispositivo externo USB o eSATA o desde él.

Se ha detectado un dispositivo USB delantero (después de haber montado el dispositivo).

1. No se detectó ningún dispositivo USB.

2. El NAS ha terminado de copiar los datos al o desde el dispositivo USB conectado al puerto USB delantero.

Destellos rojos Se está accediendo al NAS desde la red.

Rojo/Verde

Rojo Ocurre un error de lectura/escritura en un disco duro

Verde destellante Se está accediendo a los datos del disco duro.

Verde Se puede acceder al disco duro.

14

Capítulo 5.

Alarma sonora: todos los modelos del NAS

La alarma de sonido bip se puede deshabilitar en “Control Panel” (Panel de control) > “System Settings”

(Configuración del sistema) > “Hardware”.

Sonido bip Número de veces Descripción

Sonido corto (0,5 s)

Sonido corto (0,5 s)

1

3

1. El NAS se está iniciando.

2. El NAS se está apagando (apagado por software).

3. El usuario presiona el botón restablecer para restablecer el NAS.

4. El firmware del sistema se ha actualizado.

Los datos del NAS no se pueden copiar al dispositivo de almacenamiento externo desde el puerto USB delantero.

Sonido bip largo (1,5 s)

Sonido bip largo (1,5 s)

3, cada 5 min

2

1

El ventilador del sistema no está funcionando.

1. El volumen del disco se va a llenar.

2. El volumen del disco ha llegado a toda su capacidad.

3. Las unidades de disco duro del NAS están en modo degradado.

4. El usuario inicia el proceso de reconstrucción del disco duro.

5. El disco duro está conectado o desconectado.

1. El NAS se apaga de manera forzada

(apagado por hardware).

2. El NAS se ha encendido y está listo.

15

Capítulo 6.

Intercambio en caliente de discos duros

El QNAP NAS es compatible con discos duros SATA de 2,5 y 3,5 pulgadas de las marcas de discos más reconocidas. Para ver la lista actualizada de compatibilidad de discos duros, visite http://www.qnap.com.

Precaución:

 QNAP no asume ninguna responsabilidad por daños de productos/ mal funcionamiento o pérdida de datos/recuperación debido a mal uso o instalación inapropiada de los discos duros en ninguna ocasión y por ninguna razón.



Tenga en cuenta que si se instala un disco duro (nuevo o usado) que nunca se haya instalado en el NAS, el disco duro se formateará y se crearán particiones automáticamente, y todos los datos del disco se eliminarán.

Sistema Admite SSD Admite discos duros SATA de 3,5 pulgadas

Sí

Admite discos duros SATA de 2,5 pulgadas

Sí Sí

Admite discos duros de intercambio en caliente (RAID 1 o superior solamente)

Sí TVS-871T-i5-16G,

TVS-871T-i7-16G

16

El NAS admite intercambio en caliente de discos duros cuando una unidad miembro falle en RAID 1 o cuando las unidades de 1–2 miembros fallen en RAID 5 o RAID 6. Siga los pasos descritos a continuación para intercambiar en caliente el disco duro cuando una unidad miembro falle en una configuración RAID.

1. Inicie sesión en el NAS y compruebe el estado del conjunto almacenamiento en “Storage Manager”

(Administrador de almacenamiento) > “Storage Pools” (Conjuntos de almacenamiento).

2. El estado del conjunto de almacenamiento debe ser “Warning” (Advertencia) y el estado del grupo RAID debe ser “Degraded” (Degradado).

3. Prepare una unidad de disco nueva para reemplazar la que haya fallado. La unidad de disco duro nueva debe ser igual o de mayor capacidad a la de la unidad de disco que haya fallado.

4. Desconecte la unidad de disco que haya fallado del NAS. Espere durante 20 segundos aproximadamente o hasta que el servidor emita dos sonidos bip.

5. Quite la unidad de disco que haya fallado de la bandeja.

6. Instale el nuevo disco duro en la bandeja del disco. Insértelo en el NAS.

7. El servidor debería emitir sonidos bip de 1,5 segundos dos veces.

8. Compruebe el estado del volumen en la página de administración web. El volumen se debería estar reconstruyendo.

Advertencia: es sumamente recomendable apagar el servidor antes de reemplazar los discos duros para reducir el riesgo de descargas eléctricas.

17

Capítulo 7.

Recuperación RAID

El QNAP NAS admite recuperación de un grupo RAID que haya fallado debido a desconexión accidental o que se haya quitado un disco duro del sistema. Los usuarios pueden recuperar un grupo inactivo RAID 1, RAID 5 o

RAID 6 al modo degradado o una configuración inactiva RAID 0 y JBOD a normal.

Volumen de disco Admite recuperación RAID

Simple

JBOD

No

Sí

Número máximo de discos que se pueden quitar

-

1 o más

RAID 0

RAID 1

RAID 5

RAID 6

RAID 10

Sí

Sí

Sí

Sí

No

1 o más

1 o 2

2 o más

3 o más

-

Siga estos pasos para recuperar un grupo RAID inactivo en el NAS.

1. Asegúrese de que el estado del volumen del grupo RAID sea “Not active” (No activo).

2. Instale los mismos discos duros, que se hayan quitado anteriormente del NAS, en las mismas ranuras de discos duros.

3. Vaya a “Storage Manager” (Administrador de almacenamiento) > “Storage Pools” (Conjuntos de almacenamiento). Seleccione el grupo RAID degradado o inactivo. Haga clic en “Manage” (Administrar) >

“Recover” (Recuperar).

4. Espere aproximadamente durante un minuto para que se complete el proceso. Cuando haya terminado, se puede tener acceso a los datos del NAS.

Nota:



Después de haber recuperado un grupo RAID 1, RAID 5 o RAID 6 de “not active” (no activo) al modo degradado por medio de la recuperación RAID, los usuarios podrán realizar las acciones de lectura o escritura en el volumen normalmente. El estado del volumen será normal después de la sincronización.



Si el miembro de la unidad desconectada está dañado, la función de recuperación RAID no operará.

18

Modo degradado

Protección de solo lectura (para para copias de seguridad inmediatas y reemplazo de discos duros)

Recuperación RAID

(Estado RAID: No activo)

N/A

RAID 5 estándar

N-1

N/A

QNAP RAID 5

N-1

N-1, se encontraron bloques defectuosos en las unidades restantes de la matriz.

RAID 6 estándar

N-1 & N-2

N/A

Error en RAID N-2

N = Número de discos duros en la matriz

Si al volver a insertar todos los discos duros originales en el NAS, ellos se pueden poner a la velocidad de disco operativa, identificar, acceder y el súper bloque del disco duro no está dañado.

N-2 un disco duro dañado y cualquiera de los discos duros restantes no se puede poner a la velocidad de disco operativa como tampoco identificar o acceder.

N/A

N-3

QNAP RAID 6

N-1 & N-2

N-2, se encontraron bloques defectuosos en las unidades restantes de la matriz.

Si al volver a insertar todos los discos duros originales en el NAS, ellos se pueden poner a la velocidad de disco operativa, identificar, acceder y el súper bloque del disco duro no está dañado.

N-3 cualquiera de los discos duros restantes no se puede poner a la velocidad de disco operativa como tampoco identificar o acceder.

19

Capítulo 8.

Soporte técnico

QNAP permite soporte dedicado en línea y servicio al cliente a través de mensajería instantánea.

Soporte en línea: http://www.qnap.com

Skype: qnapskype

Foros: http://forum.qnap.com

Soporte Técnico en EE.UU. y Canadá:

Correo-e: [email protected]

Tel.: +1-909-595-2782

Dirección: 168 University Parkway, Pomona CA 91768

Horario de atención: 08:00-17:00 (GMT- 08:00 Hora del pacífico, de lunes a viernes)

20

Capítulo 9.

Clase de cumplimiento del producto

Modelos del NAS

TVS-871T-i5-16G, TVS-871T-i7-16G

FCC

Clase B

CE

Clase B

21

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Version 3, 29 June 2007

Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

Preamble

The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works.

The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public

Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs, and that you know you can do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.

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Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.

For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to authors of previous versions.

Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of protecting users' freedom to change the software. The systematic pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we have designed this version of the

GPL to prohibit the practice for those products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions of the

GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.

Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS

0. Definitions.

“This License” refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.

“Copyright” also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of works, such as semiconductor masks.

“The Program” refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this License. Each licensee is addressed as “you”. “Licensees” and “recipients” may be individuals or organizations.

To “modify” a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an exact copy. The resulting work is called

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a “modified version” of the earlier work or a work “based on” the earlier work.

A “covered work” means either the unmodified Program or a work based on the Program.

To “propagate” a work means to do anything with it that, without permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying, distribution (with or without modification), making available to the public, and in some countries other activities as well.

To “convey” a work means any kind of propagation that enables other parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.

An interactive user interface displays “Appropriate Legal Notices” to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2) tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the work under this

License, and how to view a copy of this License. If the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.

1. Source Code.

The “source code” for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. “Object code” means any non-source form of a work.

A “Standard Interface” means an interface that either is an official standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that is widely used among developers working in that language.

The “System Libraries” of an executable work include anything, other than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that

Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an implementation is available to the public in source code form. A “Major Component”, in this context, means a major essential component (kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system (if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.

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The “Corresponding Source” for a work in object code form means all the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to control those activities. However, it does not include the work's System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but which are not part of the work.

For example, Corresponding Source includes interface definition files associated with source files for the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require, such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those subprograms and other parts of the work.

The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding Source.

The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same work.

2. Basic Permissions.

All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.

You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.

Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10 makes it unnecessary.

3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.

No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological measure under any

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applicable law fulfilling obligations under article 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on

20 December 1996, or similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such measures.

When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of technological measures.

4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.

You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; keep intact all notices stating that this License and any non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code; keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.

You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.

5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.

You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to produce it from the

Program, in the form of source code under the terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it, and giving a relevant date. b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released under this License and any conditions added under section 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to “keep intact all notices”. c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7 additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts, regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not invalidate such permission if you have separately received it. d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal

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Notices, your work need not make them do so.

A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work, and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an

“aggregate” if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other parts of the aggregate.

6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.

You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these ways: a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange. b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the

Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge. c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written offer to provide the

Corresponding Source. This alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord with subsection 6b. d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the

Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party) that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the Corresponding Source.

Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements. e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you inform other

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peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no charge under subsection 6d.

A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded from the

Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be included in conveying the object code work.

A “User Product” is either (1) a “consumer product”, which means any tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular product received by a particular user, “normally used” refers to a typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product.

A product is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only significant mode of use of the product.

“Installation Information” for a User Product means any methods, procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from a modified version of its Corresponding Source.

The information must suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because modification has been made.

If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has been installed in

ROM).

The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modification itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and protocols for

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communication across the network.

Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly documented (and with an implementation available to the public in source code form), and must require no special password or key for unpacking, reading or copying.

7. Additional Terms.

“Additional permissions” are terms that supplement the terms of this License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately under those permissions, but the entire

Program remains governed by this License without regard to the additional permissions.

When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms: a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices displayed by works containing it; or c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in reasonable ways as different from the original version; or d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or authors of the material; or e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with contractual assumptions of liability to

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the recipient, for any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on those licensors and authors.

All other non-permissive additional terms are considered “further restrictions” within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is governed by this License along with a term that is a further restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms of that license document, provided that the further restriction does not survive such relicensing or conveying.

If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating where to find the applicable terms.

Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the above requirements apply either way.

8. Termination.

You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under this

License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third paragraph of section 11).

However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.

Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.

Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same material under section 10.

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9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.

You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the Program.

Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.

10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.

Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.

An “entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.

You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.

11. Patents.

A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The work thus licensed is called the contributor's

“contributor version”.

A contributor's “essential patent claims” are all patent claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,

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but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For purposes of this definition, “control” includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of this

License.

Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its contributor version.

In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement). To “grant” such a patent license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party.

If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding

Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream recipients. “Knowingly relying” means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe are valid.

If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.

A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties

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who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.

Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.

12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.

If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this

License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.

13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public

License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this

License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such.

14. Revised Versions of this License.

The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General

Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any

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version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General

Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.

Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.

15. Disclaimer of Warranty.

THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE

LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR

OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,

EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED

WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE

ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.

SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY

SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

16. Limitation of Liability.

IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL

ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE

PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY

GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE

USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF

DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD

PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),

EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF

SUCH DAMAGES.

17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.

If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

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