Lufft SHM 30, SHM 30.11, SHM 30.11H, SHM 30.21, SHM 30.21D, LDM 30.11, LDM 30.11H, LDM 30.21, LDM 30.21D Snow Depth Sensor User Manual

User Manual
English
SHM 30
Snow Depth Sensor
www.lufft.de
User advice
Dear user,
please read the following information about the operation of the SHM 30 snow depth sensor
carefully before you start to operate the device. By complying with the advice contained in this
manual, optimum use of the functions can be made and damages caused by operational errors
can be prevented.
Editorial deadline:
August 2015
Documentation number:
012840-640-98.HB1-G001-F0
G. Lufft Mess- und Regeltechnik GmbH
D-70736 Fellbach
Germany
Phone:
Fax:
E-mail:
E-mail:
Internet:
+49 711 518 22-831
+49 711 518 22-944
[email protected]
[email protected]
http://www.lufft.de
Date
August 2015
January 2014
Revision
Revision F0
Revision E0
(Technical Support)
(Sales)
Comment
Lufft design
Error codes updated in 5.1 & 8.1
Note
No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form (print, photocopy, micro film or any other
procedure) without a prior written permission of G. Lufft Mess- und Regeltechnik GmbH, nor may
contents be used, reproduced, processed or distributed using electronic systems. This manual was
produced with the appropriate care. No liability will be accepted for damage resulting from the
non-compliance with the advice contained herein.
We reserve the right to modify the document following technical advancements.
2
Revision F0, August 2015
Content
1
1.1
1.2
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
5
5.1
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
6
6.1
6.2
7
8
8.1
8.2
8.3
Introduction
5
Intended Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Mode of operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Safety and Labels
7
Safety Labelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Standards & Directives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
General Safety Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Laser Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Requirements on Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Safety Notes Regarding Transportation, Installation, Commissioning & Cleaning . . . . . 8
SHM 30 - Labelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Technical Data
11
Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Interface Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
SHM 30 with “heater off” option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Power consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Scope of delivery
17
Mounting clamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Packing Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Installation and Start-up
21
Data Configuration & Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Data telegrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
sda telegram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
sdb data telegram (firmware 9.09) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Special values for eee.eeee in case of errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Analog Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Signal strength (signal intensity) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
SF in analog mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
How to define the correct inclination angle?
35
Technique using a reference object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Plumb procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Measurement Examples
37
Service
41
Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Cleaning & Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Firmware Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
List of Illustration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
EC - Declaration of Conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
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3
Introduction
1
Introduction
This User Manual provides the information that is required to operate the
SHM 30 Snow Depth Sensor. The manual consists of eight chapters, each page
indicating the chapter title in its headline. The bottom line of each page contains
the revision state, date of issue and page number.
1.1
Intended Use
Operating safety can only be guaranteed when the SHM 30 snow depth sensor
is operated as intended and in accordance with the information contained in this
manual.
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1.2
Measuring distances to targets
Determination of snow depth from a distance measurement to the snow
surface
Compliance with prescribed temperatures for measuring and storage
Operation of correct voltage level: 15 V to 24 V direct voltage (SELV) for full
operating temperature range, 10 to 30 V (SELV) for a limited operating
temperature range without heater.
Scheduled cleaning and maintenance cycles must be observed (refer to
chapter 8.2)
Installation and alignment of the SHM 30 sensor shall be conducted in a
manner to avoid any laser irradiation of people at any time.
For the transportation or shipping the user is advised to use the original
transportation package designed for the SHM 30 sensor (refer to
chapter 4). Exception: In case of a service issue in which it is clear that the
error stems from the measuring module, the module should only be sent
back to a Lufft facility. Please ship the module as shown in figure 30 in a
suitable small package to avoid any transportation damage of the cover.
Mode of operation
The SHM 30 snow depth sensor emits modulated visible laser light and determines the distance to an object by comparing phase information. To calculate
snow depths automatically the user can first perform a zero level measurement,
which is stored as offset value in the instrument. A manual offset value for existing snow depths can also be set.
Unwanted measurement results, e.g. hard targets from snow flakes, are filtered
out using a plausibility method and the measuring time.
The SHM 30 allows the operation in automatic and polling mode for the digital
output. Furthermore an analog current output is available for the snow depth.
The timing parameter "xt" (refer to table 16) defines the sequence of measurements. “xt” shall be always larger than the real internal measuring time, which is
in general 6.5 s plus sufficient time needed to transmit the data telegram and
communicate with the sensor. Due to the serial sequence of command processing a sensor communication throughout the measuring process is not available.
In the automatic measuring mode the sensor transmits its telegram after each
measurement, while in polling mode it renews its measuring data in an internal
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5
Introduction
buffer. The user can query for the snow depth telegram as often as wanted
using the command "xw" to receive the latest telegram.
In all modes the user can tilt the sensor and correct its position using a zenithangle „sp“. Additionally the unit of measured values can be changed from
meters (default) to e.g. ft by changing the parameter scale factor „sf“.
Fig. 1:
Measuring principle SHM 30
Figure 1 illustrates the measuring principle. A single measurement is done within
0.25 s including time for data handling. The snow depth sensor is analysing the
intensity of waves (signal strength) and the number of waves and the vector to
get a precise measurement. The precise distance is determined by using 5 different frequencies. The repetition of measurements provides a higher accuracy on
difficult targets, or during precipitation events. For snow depth measurements,
the longest time interval (average over 25 measurements à 0.25 s) is selected,
that the sensor can measure in order to filter out noise effectively.
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Safety and Labels
2
Safety and Labels
2.1
Safety Labelling
DANGER
Laser hazard
DANGER
Electrical hazard
CAUTION
Warning of potential damage
CAUTION
Warning of hot surface
NOTE
Important note
NOTE
Important note regarding environmental protection
2.2
Standards & Directives
To guarantee the safe operation of laser devices, all binding standards, directives
and instructions regarding laser safety and laser radiation protection must be
observed by manufacturers and users (refer to Declaration of Conformity).
The SHM 30 Snow Depth Sensor is built and tested for compliance with
the following standards and directives:
1.
2.
2.3
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Council Directive 2004/108/EC
on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), conforming to EN 61326 standard requirements.
In accordance with IEC/ EN 60825-1:2007 and in terms of inherent risk
potential, the SHM 30 qualifies as a class 2 laser device.
General Safety Measures
All safety notes in this User Manual, including any other applicable
documents, must be duly observed and followed.
Caution - Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified herein may result in hazardous
radiation exposure!
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7
Safety and Labels
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2.4
This User Manual must be kept within easy reach of personnel at all
times.
The SHM 30 Snow Depth Sensor shall be powered by a safety extra
low voltage source “SELV”. It has to be ensured that under normal
conditions the voltage does not exceed 30 VDC and in case of a first
malfunction 70 VDC.
Don‘t open the inner sensor housing (with the label „LDM 30.11“).
There is a serious danger of laser radiation or electrical shock. Unauthorized intervention into the inner product will void any warranty
claims.
Cable connectors must not be plugged or unplugged, as long as
voltage is supplied.
Laser Classification
SHM 30 is a laser class 2 product as defined in the standard IEC 60825-1:2007
and a class II product under 21CFR1040.10. In case of an accidental short time
laser exposure, the human eye is sufficiently protected by its own blink reflex
and by turning away off the head. This natural reflex may be impaired by medication, alcohol and drugs. Although the product can be operated without taking
special safety precautions, one should refrain from directly looking into the laser
beam.
Caution: Class 2 laser radiation! Maximum laser power <1mW, wavelength 650 nm (red laser light).
Do not direct the laser beam onto persons! Do not look into the beam!
2.5
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2.6
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8
Requirements on Personnel
The SHM 30 shall only be installed and commissioned by properly trained
personnel having completely read and understood this Manual.
Personnel working with the SHM 30 shall not be in a state of fatigue or
under the influence of alcohol or medication or have physical impairments
of any kind that might temporarily or lastingly restrict their attention or
judgement.
Safety Notes Regarding Transportation, Installation, Commissioning & Cleaning
For handling, shipment or transportation, the SHM 30 must be duly packaged and placed in the transporting position.
The SHM 30 requires a suitable mast or crossbeam where it can be fixed
using one of its mounting clamps. The typical inclination angle of the
mounting base should be 10° or 20°.
The assembly site shall be secured to allow measurements in undisturbed
conditions and to fulfil local laser safety guidelines.
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Safety and Labels
2.7
SHM 30 - Labelling
Fig. 2:
Label at bottom side of SHM 30
Fig. 3:
Laser warning label at left side of SHM 30 in English (standard) or German
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9
Safety and Labels
10
Fig. 4:
Laser exit
Fig. 5:
Type label on inner housing.
The label is fixed on the right side of housing (see Fig. 16).
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Technical Data
3
Technical Data
3.1
Specification
Device versions Description
SHM 30.11
SHM3 0.11H
SHM 30.21
SHM 30.21D
RS232, 10 m cable length
RS232, heater off option, 10 m cable
RS422, 10 m cable
RS422, 5 m cable, special firmware settings
Part number
8365.10
8365.11
8365.20
8365.50
Table 1: SHM device versions, description & part numbers
Accessories
Part number
Mounting clamp with a steel band - specified in length for
8365.608-11
mast with a diameter of 80 mm
Mounting clamp with a steel band - for all masts with a diam8365.609-11
eter up to 300 mm (can be shorten by the user)
Mounting clamp for all mast with a diameter up to 72 mm
consisting of two opposing metal tongs, which are con8365.610-11
nected by threaded rods
Power supply 24 Vdc, 2.5A
Customer documentation (hardcopy)
Table 2: Accessories, mounting clamps & part numbers
Device versions Description
LDM 30.11
LDM 30.11H
LDM 30.21
LDM 30.21D
spare parts module for SHM 30.11
spare parts module for SHM 30.11H
spare parts module for SHM 30.21
spare parts module for SHM 30.21D
Part number
8365.630-26
8365.631-26
8365.632-26
8365.644-26
Table 3: Spare parts, description & part numbers
Laser parameter
Laser:
Laser class:
650 nm laser diode (red light)
laser class 2, conforming to standard
Output power:
Laser divergence:
Beam diameter:
IEC825-1/EN60825, class II (FDA21 CFR)
< 1 mW
0.6 mrad
< 11 mm at 10 m distance
Table 4: Laser parameter
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11
Technical Data
Measuring parameter: Snow depth
Snow depth
Measuring accuracy on snow
(95% statistical spread)
Programmable measuring interval
Reproducibility
Time for single measurement (ST25)
Measured distance resolution
Signal strength (white target with
85 % - 90 % reflectivity)
Signal strength (black target with 5 %
- 7 % reflectivity)
0 ... 10 m
< ± 5 mm
1 ... 600 s
≤ 0.5 mm
6.5 s
0.1 mm
10 ± 3 (in measuring range 0.8 - 10 m)
1 ± 0.5 (in measuring range 0.8 - 10 m)
Table 5: Measuring parameter: Snow depth and signal strength
Measuring parameter: Distance to hard targets
Distance range
(on natural diffuse reflecting surfaces,
0.1 ... 30 m
without extra stray light protection)
Measuring time, selectable with parame0.16 ... 6.5 s
ter “st”; st=[1,25]
Table 6: Measuring parameter: Distance to hard targets
Electrical parameters
Power consumption
Power supply
Heating activity (programmable):
0.5 ...1 W (without heating)
< 24 W (max. with heating @ 24 VDC)
10 ... 30 VDC (without heating)
15 ... 24 VDC (with heating)
default on: <2 °C, off >4 °C
Table 7: Electrical parameters
Safety & environmental parameters
Environmental conditions
Internal protection
EMC
Safety requirements for electrical
equipment
Temperature range
Relative humidity
ISO 10109-11
IP 65
EN 61326-1:2006
EN 61010-1:2001
-40 °C ... +50 °C
0 % ... 100 %
Table 8: Safety & environmental parameters
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Technical Data
Data connection
RS232 / RS422: connection parameter 9600 Baud, 8N1, Handshaking none
standard: 300 μs (no measurement)
Polling mode: time delay between
during a measurement: up to 6.5 s,
query and “start-bit” from reply
refer table 21
transmission time of data telegram
30 ms @ 9600 Baud
Table 9: Data connection
Dimensions and weight
Dimensions Sensor (L × W × H)
Weight sensor
Weight mounting clamp
Transportation package (L x W x H)
Weight Transportation package
303 mm × 130 mm × 234 mm
2.5 kg
0.7 kg
440 mm x 290 mm x 250 mm
5.4 kg
Table 10: Dimensions and weight
3.2
Dimensions
Fig. 6:
3D-Construction model SHM 30
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13
Technical Data
234
124
130
113
150
186
Fig. 7:
Dimensions SHM 30
3.3
Interface Cable
The interface cable is selected to withstand harsh environmental conditions.
Caution: Bare cable ends! The user is responsible to take precautions to
prevent any kind of shorts.
Fig. 8:
Interface cable SHM 30 with AWG24 wires (4 x 2 x 0.25 mm²)
Color code
8 wires interface cable
pink
grey
green
yellow
brown
white
blue
red
Pin on 12-pole
Binder connector
SHM 30 standard
VCC
GND-VCC
TxD
RxD
Custom1
Custom2
GND-RS232, GND-Iout
Iout
G
J
A
B
E
F
L
D
Table 11: Color code description of interface cable with RS232 connector,
devices: 8365.10 / 8365.11
14
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Technical Data
Color code
8 wires interface cable
pink
grey
green
yellow
brown
white
blue
red
Pin on 12-pole
Binder connector
SHM 30 standard
VCC
GND-VCC
Rx+
RxTxTx+
GND-Iout
Iout
G
J
A
B
E
F
L
D
Table 12: Color code description interface cable with RS 422 connector,
devices: 8365.20 / 8365.50
If the user is working in analog measuring mode with open RS232 wires a termination shall be connected (see Fig. 9).
green TxD >>
yellow << RxD
blue GND
3 kΩ 2,2 nF
Fig. 9:
Recommended cable termination for digital wires in pure analog measuring mode
when TxD/Rx+, RxD/ Rx- are not connected.
The cable length for RS232 connections is limited at a transmission speed of
19200 baud to 15 m in length. For longer cables to use the RS422 interface is
recommended. When cable lengths of > 20 m are required the voltage loss has
to be taken into account! A separate cable for the power supply or a nearby
power supply has to be considered.
3.4
SHM 30 with “heater off” option
The SHM 30 “8365.11” has an additional heater off option.
The user must apply a 5 to 24 VDC to the brown “CUSTOM1” wire to switch on
the internal heater function mode. A supplied voltage between 0 to 0.4 VDC or
a disconnected “CUSTOM1” wire, switches off the internal heater permanently.
The function was integrated to prevent battery powered systems from
discharge.
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15
Technical Data
.
Color code
8 wires interface cable
pink
grey
green
yellow
brown
white
blue
red
Pin on 12-pole
Binder connector
SHM 30 standard
VCC
GND
TxD
RxD
Heater on
Custom2
GND
Iout
G
J
A
B
E
F
L
D
Table 13: Color code description interface cable with “heater off” option
3.5
Power consumption
The SHM 30 power consumption is about 500 mW (19 -25 mA, 24 V) in standard operation mode without the build in heater. The exact value depends on the
duty cycle (laser on / laser off) selected by the user.
The maximum power consumption is 24 W at 24 VDC voltage supply mainly
used by the build in heater, which is needed to keep the laser diode above
-10 degree Celsius. The heater operates continuously at temperatures close to
-40 °C.
The main reason to heat the laser diode at low temperatures is to increase its
lifetime / work within the specs over years.
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Scope of delivery
4
Scope of delivery
Figure 10 shows the scope of delivery of the Snow Depth Sensor SHM 30. The
different types of the sensor 8365.10, 8365.11, 8365.20 and 8365.50 will be
packed similarly.
Fig. 10: Scope of delivery
1.
2.
3.
4.
SHM 30 Snow Depth Sensor
Interface cable - length of 10m (standardized, other cable lengths available)
USB stick (Software and Manual)
Setup instructions and sensor protocol
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17
Scope of delivery
4.1
Mounting clamps
The basic snow depth sensor SHM 30 doesn’t contain any mounting
clamp. It is possible to order one of three kinds of mounting clamps,
additional. Each mounting clamp contains a counterpart to the punched
disk defining the installation angle. The following three pictures show
the different types of the mounting clamps with the order number.
Fig. 11: Mounting clamp (8365.610-11) - standard - for mast Ø <72 mm
Fig. 12: Mounting clamp (8365.608-11) specified for mast with a Ø 80 mm.
Fig. 13: Mounting clamp (8365.609-11) for masts to Ø 300 mm
(can be shorten by the user)
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Scope of delivery
4.2
Packing Sequence
The following pictures show the packing sequence of the SHM 30 without any
mounting clamp.
Fig. 14: Package content: Fully packed (left), SHM 30 (right)
Fig. 15: Package content: Interface cable 10 m (left),
USB stick and setup instructions and sensor protocol (right)
In general it is not necessary to dismount the full sensor from its installation
place in service cases. It is sufficient to dismount just the sensor module, like it is
shown in figure 30. Mounting clamp, housing, cable can be left on site.
4.3
Accessories
These components can be ordered upon request:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Power supply 24 VDC for rail mounting
Special cable lengths (5 m, 10 m, 20 m)
White, black, grey standard reflection targets to test the signal strength
PC with terminal software for sensor communication
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19
Installation and Start-up
5
Installation and Start-up
The SHM 30 provides an identification plate where electrical parameter and single strands from the data cable are described. The standard data interface is
RS232. Beside the digital interface output an analog 4 mA - 20 mA current output for snow depth measurements is available.
The snow depth sensor is connected by a combined power and data cables (see
figure 16 and chapter 3.3). The power supply is limited to values between
15 VDC and 24 VDC due to the installed heating. This is necessary to operate the
sensor within the specified temperature range. The less restricted voltage range
without heating activities is 10 - 30 VDC. It can be used for indoor tests or whenever the heater is switched off manually.
The pictures 16 and 17 show the installation of the sensor with different mounting clamps. The sensor SHM 30 shall be fixed in 2 m - 5 m height on a suitable
mast.
Fig. 16: Cable installation and mounting clamp 8365.610-11
The sensor should be mounted tilted away from the sun (Figure 18). An inclination angle between 10° and 30° (0° corresponds to vertical assembly) shall be
foreseen when the sensor is mounted.
The main reason is that icicles and droplets falling from the installation mast or
sensor itself may affect the real snow depth just below the sensor.
Wind shield or local thermal heating effects cause by the mast can also be
avoided by pointing the sensor away from the mast. Direct sun light may lead to
an E15 or E17 error if reflected sun-light from snow surface hits the sensor. In
critical regions it may help to point the sensor, e.g. in the north direction (Fig.
18).
Part of the mounting piece is the punched disk with a fixed 10° pattern allowing
an easy and fast installation. For typical usage this pattern is precise enough to
Revision F0, August 2015
21
Installation and Start-up
be directly used as inclination angle. If the mounting of the clamp to the mast
can‘t be fixed precisely or the mast itself is crooked the total installation angle
has to be measured, see also chapter 6 for further instructions. In any case the
installation angle must be communicated to the SHM 30 using a terminal program with the command “sp”. The sensor needs this value to be able to correct
the distance measurement.
Fig. 17: Installation of mounting clamp 8365.608-11 or 8365.609-11
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Installation and Start-up
7
7
7
4
Fig. 18: Installation help
The best performance is achieved with an installation angle between
10° and 20°.
5.1
Data Configuration & Communication
After the supply voltage is connected the sensors starts automatically loading
the last parameter set. The factory defaults parameter set, shown in table 16, is
used after the first successful installation.
To be able to configure the instrument the serial interface RS232 or RS422 has
to be connected. Any terminal program can be used to set and query data.
Standard terminal programs are for example Hyper Terminal or Bray's Terminal.
Standard configuration for the COM Port:
9600 Baud, 8N1, Handshake none
If the initialization of the serial port/ telegram format is set incorrectly
the sensor answers with error codes “E62” to “E64”!
l
The sensor status can be queried using the following commands:
l
l
Command “id” shows sensor commands, software release and serial number (table 15).
“pa” shows preset values (table 14).
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Installation and Start-up
Commands can be entered as lower or upper case letters. All commands have to
be finished with <CR> <LF>; <CR> or <LF>. The sensor replies simple commands
with the command itself and the value, e.g. the command “xt” will be answered
with xt25.
Notes on specific firmware releases:
l
In query mode up to firmware 9.06 communication interruptions were
observed with upper case letters.
l
Firmware <9.05 only! Before configuring the sensor the measurement
mode should be interrupted using the “ESC” command by pressing the keyboard or sending the command via script. Without stopping the error E65,
may occur, see table 21.
l
Firmware 9.05: Any data query or setting command will be accepted by
the firmware within the measuring process without generating E65. The
telegram will be transferred or the new value will be set after the measurement is done.
Users with limitations to reply time like data loggers are requested to
poll the instrument again after a delay of 6.5 s the standard measuring
time. The standard time delay between a stop-bit from a query process to the
first bit from reply will be within 30 ± 5 μs. The full telegram is transferred within
30 ms outside a measurement process.
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autostart command[AS]..................xm
baud rate[BR]..........................9600
heating on[HO].........................2
heating off[HF]........................4
distance offset[OF]....................0
distance of Iout=4mA [RB]..............-5
distance of Iout=20mA [RE].............5
average value[SA]......................1
telegram format[SD]....................a
error mode[SE].........................1
scale factor[SF].......................1
tilt angle[SP].........................0
transmit result[SR]....................n
measure time[ST].......................25
reflectivity bright target A [SHA].....15.6695
reflectivity bright target B [SHB].....20.5645
reflectivity bright target C [SHC].....10.7353
reflectivity bright target D [SHD].....14.5077
reflectivity bright target E [SHE].....4.14621
reflectivity dark target A [SLA].......0.729548
reflectivity dark target B [SLB].......1.56198
reflectivity dark target C [SLC].......1.09263
reflectivity dark target D [SLD].......1.4683
reflectivity dark target E [SLE].......0.428003
measurement sequence[XT]...............59
max change between 2 measurements[XP]..10
memory 1 [M1]..........................
memory 2 [M2]..........................
memory 3 [M3]..........................
memory 4 [M4]..........................
memory 5 [M5]..........................
memory 6 [M6]..........................
memory 7 [M7]..........................
memory 8 [M8]..........................
Table 14: “PA” example output for a parameters set in firmware 9.09.
In older firmware releases the user memory Md wasn’t available and
the reflectivity value was only set for a single distance (Shd, SLd).
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Installation and Start-up
SHM30, SN 080880, V 9.09
Measurement Commands:
XM[Enter].....................start measurement snow height
XW[Enter].....................display snow height and signal power
DM[Enter].....................distance measurement
DS[Enter].....................distance tracking 7m
DT[Enter].....................distance tracking
DW[Enter].....................distance tracking with cooperative target (10Hz)
Some useful commands:
LO[Enter].....................laser on
LF[Enter].....................laser off
MR[Enter].....................display all memory
SLd#[Enter]...................set reflectivity of dark target d=[a/b/c/d/e]
SHd#[Enter]...................set reflectivity of bright target d=[a/b/c/d/e]
SO[Enter].....................set current distance to offset (offset = - distance)
TP[Enter].....................internal temperature [°C]
Settings:
AS[Enter] / ASd[Enter]........display/set autostart command [DM/DS/DT/DW/TP/LO/ID/
XM]
BR[Enter] / BRx[Enter]........display/set baud rate [2400..38400]
HO[Enter] / HOx[Enter]........display/set temperature of heating on [-40°C ... +70°C]
HF[Enter] / HFx[Enter]........display/set temperature of heating off[-40°C ... +70°C]
Mx[Enter] / Mxd[Enter]........display/set memory x [1...8] [1 ... 10 ASCII-characters]
OF[Enter] / OFx.x[Enter]......display/set distance offset
RB[Enter] / RBx.x[Enter]......display/set distance of Iout=4mA
RE[Enter] / REx.x[Enter]......display/set distance of Iout=20mA
SA[Enter] / SAx[Enter]........display/set average value [1...20]
SD[Enter] / SDd[Enter]........display/set telegram format d=[a/b]
SE[Enter] / SEx[Enter]........display/set error mode [0/1/2]
0..Iout=const., ALARM=const.
1..Iout: 3mA @RE>RB, 21mA @RE<RB, ON@AH<0
2..Iout: 21mA @RE>RB, 3mA @RE<RB, OFF@AH<0
SF[Enter] / SFx.x[Enter]......display/set scale factor
SP[Enter] / SPx.x[Enter]......display/set tilt angle [0.0°...90.0°]
SR[Enter] / SRd[Enter]........display/set transmit result with each measurement [y/n]
ST[Enter] / STx[Enter]........display/set measure time [0...25]
XT[Enter] / XTx[Enter]........display/set measurement sequence [1 ... 600s]
XP[Enter] / XPx.x[Enter]......display/set max. allowed change in snow height between
two measurements
PA[Enter].....................display settings
PR[Enter].....................reset settings
Table 15: “ID” for querying the list of commands; example for firmware 9.09
Table 16 lists the available commands during setup. In normal operation mode
only a few parameter are needed for operating the snow depth sensor, see
Table 17 as an example.
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Installation and Start-up
The autostart command “as” defines the start up mode after the power is connected. The preset value is “xm” that means the sensor starts automatically with
a snow depth measurement.
“SRY” / “SRN” defines, either a telegram is transferred after a measurement or
the sensor waits for a polling command.
The first time after connecting the power the distance between the sensor and
the surface is measured and a negative value is transmitted. The transmitted
snow depth value is calculated as following:
Snow depth Value = offset - measured distance.
Command Default
asxm
XM
br
9600
Description
Sets “Snow depth measurement mode” “xm” in
autostart “as”. Other option “id”, “lo”,..
Queries / sets baud rate
Interrupt measuring mode, ESC (Keyboard) or in terminal window / script
use HEX value $1B
ESC
$1B
hf
4
Queries / sets Heater off
Heater will be switched off at 4 °C. Increase leads to extended power
consumption but may help to stop the freezing of the sensor in harsh
environments.
ho
2
Queries / sets Heater on
Heater will be turned on below 2°C. Decreasing temperature to -10 °C is
possible to save power. Please check if output window is misting up or
start freezing.
Queries for sensor information
id
Queries for all user memories 1 - 8. Sets one of the eight, x=[1; 8], user
memories with up to d=10 characters.
mr
mxd
of
0
Queries / sets offset, see „so“.
Queries for preset parameter values
pa
rb
-5
Queries / sets start value for analog current output
Example: 4 mA corresponds here to -5 m
re
5
Queries / sets end value for analog current output.
Example: 20 mA corresponds here to 5 m.
sda
sdb
sda*
sf
1
Telegram ouput in format a or b
Queries / sets scale factor, e.g. to change the meter scale (sf=1) in a feet
scale (sf = 3.2808399). After changing „sf“ other parameter like „of“ /
„so“ / „xp“ are displayed with this scale factor. The scale factor is limited
in the range sf [0; 2000].
Table 16: List of configuration parameter,
*default value depends on sensor type, see specific protocol delivered with each sensor
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Installation and Start-up
Command Default
Description
shd
10*
Queries / sets signal for targets with high reflectivity in 5 distances d=[a; e]
(85 % standard target), The valid range for sh is: 0 < sh 100.
sld
1*
Queries / sets signal for targets with low reflectivity in 5 distances d=[a; e]
(6 % standard target), The valid range for sl is: 0 < sl 100.
Measures actual distance to ground and automatically defines a new offset („of“). The value depends on „sp“. After changing „sp“, „so“ has to
set again or „of“ has to be set manually.
so
sp
0.0
Queries / sets correction for the inclination angle in degree; 0° corresponds to a vertical downward viewing sensor.
sr
sry
srn
SRN
sr: queries mode
sry: automatic mode
srn: polling mode
ss
6
Sets signal strength threshold value used to set the snow flag in telegram
sdb.
st
25
Queries / sets internal measuring time to approx. 6.5 s. Please use this
value for snow depth measurements, for any other the distance measurements the value may be set to 0 ... 25.
The value st0 is an automatic mode, the measuring time may vary
between 0.25 and 6.5 s. st1 is a single measurement, which takes roughly
0.25s. st25 is an average over 25 measurements.
Starts snow depth measurement.
xm
xp
10
Queries / sets maximum variation between two running measurement
values. Factory Default is 10 m (sf=1) to allow easy setup and avoid any
E66 errors within the installation process. The value can be modified, e.g.
to 0.02 (2 cm if sf=1). A 2 cm variation in snow depth per minute is a reasonable value.
Firmware 9.06 or newer: In cases, whenever new measurements are permanently out of tolerance, e.g. due to an avalanche, E66 is reset after 60
measurements and the current snow depth value is accepted as new
value.
xt
xw
30
Queries / sets repetitions rate of measurements.
Default is every 30 seconds a 6.25 s long measurement. To test the sensor
within the configuration process a 10 s or even shorter time interval can
be useful.
For short measuring periods (1 ... 10 s) the measurement time “st” has to
be adjusted from st25 to st= {0....5}.
Queries (polls) for actual snow depth
Table 16: List of configuration parameter,
*default value depends on sensor type, see specific protocol delivered with each sensor
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Installation and Start-up
Command
Description
Interrupt measuring mode
ESC (Keyboard) or in terminal window / script use
HEX value $1B
Set polling mode
Start measuring mode
Wait at least 6.5 seconds
Poll for telegram
Wait for next poll at least the time defined by “xt”
in seconds.
ESC
$1B
srn
xm
xw
xw
Poll for telegram
Table 17: Change from automode (sry) to polling mode (srn).
Command “xw” used for querying data telegrams.
Scale factor sf
unit
1
1000
m
>+01.0445 035.294 +22 66 ™<
mm
>+01044.5 033.977 +22 66 “<
>+02088.9 034.956 +22 66 ˆ<
2000 (upper limit)
0.001
3.2808399
telegram
km
>+00.0010 035.470 +22 66 ª<
ft
>+03.4268 035.495 +22 66 ¤<
Table 18: Example for different scale factors sf
5.2
Data telegrams
The SHM 30 firmware 9.09 from July 2013 supports two data telegrams and a
switch “sda”, “sdb” to change between these two telegrams. Telegram “sda” is
similar to the single telegram known from previous firmware releases.
5.2.1
sda telegram
The transmitted data telegram has the following format:
>eee.eeee sss.sss TTT EE P< [CR] [LF]
e ... snow depth in m for sf=1, for sf=10 the decimal point is shifted to eeee.eee
s ... signal strength/ signal intensity,
T ... temperature
EE ... error code,
P ... check byte
The check byte is defined as follows:
All ASCII - codes between brackets > < totalizes to zero in low byte.
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Installation and Start-up
Example telegram: >+01.0445 035.294 +22 66 ™<
Snow depth = 1.0445 m
Signal strength = 35.294
Temperature = +22 °C
Error code = E66 (check Table 21)
Check byte = TM (ANSI-Character of Dec 153/ Hex 99)
Byte #
ASCII code
Dec-value
HEX-value
1
43
2B
+
2
48
30
0
3
49
31
1
4
46
2E
.
5
48
30
0
6
52
34
4
7
52
34
4
8
53
35
5
9
32
20
10
48
30
0
11
51
33
3
12
53
35
5
13
46
2E
.
14
50
32
2
15
57
39
9
16
52
34
4
17
32
20
18
43
2B
+
19
50
32
2
20
50
32
2
21
32
20
22
54
36
6
23
54
36
6
24
32
20
25
153
99
Sum
1280
500
Remark
Start snow depth
Space
Start signal strength
Space
Start temperature
Space
Error code (Table 21)
Space
™
Check-byte
Σ Bytes 1 to 25 = 500, Test:
lowest Byte of 500 is zero: 4
Table 19: Telegram example for format sda & test.
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Installation and Start-up
The check byte is calculated in the following manner:
Create unsigned byte array of +01.0445 035.294 +22 66
and build the sum (HEX): 2B + 30 + 31 + 2E + ... 20 + 36 + 36 + 20 = 467
build two’s complement = FB99, take low byte = 99
5.2.2
sdb data telegram (firmware 9.09)
The snow flag “x” has been added to the data telegram “sdb”. The check byte is
presented as HEX value and instead of the > < characters the control characters
[STX] and [ETX] are used to show the start and end of the message.
[STX]eee.eeee sss.sss X TTT EE PP[CR][LF][ETX]
e, s, T and E are explained in section 5.2.1.
X = 0 (snow flag), if the signal strength S < ss and X = 1, if S > ss.
The check byte P from 5.2.1 is given here as a 2-digit hex value rather than ASCII
character. Therefore the test specification has to be changed. In comparison
with the example in table 19 it shows that the hex value 99 is transmitted now
and not the trademark character TM anymore.
New example for a telegram output in cm, (SF=100). The printable part of the
telegram is: +0000.03 +04.464 0 +43 00 67
dec-value
hex value
ASCII character
1
43
2B
+
2
48
30
0
3
48
30
0
4
48
30
0
5
48
30
0
6
46
2E
.
7
48
30
0
8
51
33
3
9
32
20
10
43
2B
+
11
48
30
0
12
52
34
4
13
46
2E
.
14
52
34
4
15
54
36
6
Byte #
Remark
Start snow depth
Space
Start signal strength
Table 20: SDB format telegram example & test
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Installation and Start-up
16
52
34
4
17
32
20
18
48
30
19
32
20
20
43
2B
+
21
52
34
4
22
51
33
3
23
32
20
24
48
30
0
25
48
30
0
26
32
20
Space, end of ASCII telegram
Sum
1177
499
Sum of bytes 1 to 26
27/ 28
103
67
Sum
1280
500
Space
0
Snow flag
Space
Start temperature
Space
g
Error code (Table 21)
+ 67 hex
= 500 hex, Test: lowest byte
equals zero 4
Table 20: SDB format telegram example & test
5.3
Special values for eee.eeee in case of errors
In cases of errors (see table 22) the last valid measurement is repeated as
eee.eeee value, while an “E” error code indicates whether the given value is usable or not. Directly after xm start command eee.eeee contains its initialization values as follows:
eee.eeee := rb (start value of range) (firmware 9.06, consistent with Iout)
eee.eeee := 0 m (only firmware 9.05)
eee.eeee := -99 m (firmware 9.04 and earlier)
5.4
Analog Output
In the analog output mode measured values are transformed to a 4 ... 20 mA
current level. The parameter RE and RB in table 16 are defining the distances of
the 4 ... 20 mA interval.
 Dist.  RB 
RE  RB : Iout (mA)  4mA  16  
mA
 RE  RB 
 Dist.  RE 
RB  RE : Iout (mA)  20mA  16  
mA
 RB  RE 
Error messages are transformed to 3 mA (RE > RB), or 21 mA (RB > RE).
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Installation and Start-up
5.5
Signal strength (signal intensity)
The normalized signal strength value SN or SS is submitted at the second position
in the data telegram using the format “sss.sss”. SN(SS) are calculated from the
measured signal strength value SM. The SM measurement is performed independent after a snow depth measurement and takes approx. 0.5 s, which corresponds to an averaged about 10 single frequency measurements. It might be
possible that the snow depth measurement has been stopped due to an error,
caused by to much background light, while the signal strength value is still transmitted.
Since firmware 9.05 SS is defined as normalized signal intensity values. The normalization process has been performed on a standard target in 15 m distance.
The normalized signal strength value SS should be comparable between different
sensors in the range 0.5 for dark targets and 10 for bright targets.
This procedure wasn’t precise enough to use the signal strength value for
threshold methods like snow / no snow independent from the distance, because
of the distance dependency like it is shown in figure 19. As a result the number
of distances for reference targets are extended to 5. Firmware 9.09 supports
these new settings first of all. Additionally a set of standard targets with 6.25 %
and 86 % reflectivity is introduced to allow field checks of the sensor. Instead of
SS the new signal strength value SN is used.
The normalization of the signal strength value is done within the test procedure
for each sensor at the Lufft facility. The normalization parameters SLd (signal
strength on black target) and SHd (signal strength on white target) are saved for
the 5 distances d in the sensor flash memory and are also written in the test
report handed out with each instrument.
10 –  0 5 
SS = --------------------------   S M – SL  + 0 5
SH – SL
S M – SL  x 
-+1
S N  x  = 9  -----------------------------------SH  x  – SL  x 
To be able to calculate SN(x) first of all the signal strength values SL(x) and SH(x)
in the measured distance must be determined from reference points. As an
example the calculation process is listed here for the special case that the measured distance is between the reference points a and b.
.
 SHb – SHa 
SH  x  = SHa + ----------------------------------   x – a 
b–a
The calculation of SN is only valid, when the measuring distance is known, meaning that the signal strength SN can not be delivered in comparison to SS, when
the distance measurement can not be achieved!
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Installation and Start-up
Signalstärke Ø (Distanz m)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Fig. 19: Dependency of the signal strength SM from distance
Users might change the SH, SL values to their specific needs.
Other corrections:
The signal strength depends from the sensor temperature. In case of snow depth
measurements the relevant temperature range is small. In cases the signal
strength should be used in large temperature ranges, a compensation may be
useful. Initial measurements indicate the following dependency for targets with
reflectivities >80:
SN(T)= -0.125xT (°C)+SN(24 °C)+3.
At zero degrees, this correction leads to an increase of the signal strength by 3.
5.6
SF in analog mode
Only in firmware 9.05 the analog mode is not displayed correctly for SF1. If
other scale factors have to be used RE and RB have to be modified like shown in
the following (typical) example:
RB= -1 m, RE = 4, SF =1: okay
For SF=2: set RB=-2 and RE=8, enter SF=2
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How to define the correct inclination angle?
6
How to define the correct inclination angle?
6.1
Technique using a reference object
The installer can use a reference object with a specified height c to find out the
inclination angle (see figure 20).
Stop measuring process (ESC) and change measuring time interval “xt10” to
10 seconds. Set: “sp0” and “of0“. Check if “sf” is set correctly and xp allows
a high variability for the installation process, e.g. if sf=1, xp > c.
Mount sensor in the desired angle position, e.g. 15 ° and perform one distance measurement (A).
Start measurement “xm” – wait 6 seconds – press “xw” in polling mode to
query distance value
stop measurement with (ESC) – note distance.
Place object (B) and perform a new measurement.
Calculate angle  (C) and use “sp” command to set the angle.
Now, the measured distance values are corresponding to the vertical distance. A negative value will be received.
Perform offset measurement “so”.
Change “xt” to final time interval, “xp” to final variability and restart with
“xm” the measurement process.
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
A
B
x1
x2
c
C
Calculation of the installation angle:
D
c
x1 – x2
D
§
·
c
¸¸ .
arccos¨¨
© x1 x 2 ¹
Example: x1= 4.38 m, x2 = 3.8 m, c = 0.5 m
Ÿ D = 30.5°
Fig. 20: Technique to determine inclination angle using a reference object
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35
How to define the correct inclination angle?
Absolute and relative error: If the height of the reference object c is not well
defined the corresponding error in a is leading to 1:1 error in the measured distance between sensor and surface. Even if the relative error between two snow
depth measurements is much smaller it is worth to use a precise and not to short
reference object.
6.2
Plumb procedure
D
D
x1
d
y
Fig. 21: Plumb procedure: a = arcsin (y / x1)
D
Using a perpendicular is a more precise method to determine the inclination
angle of the sensor. Figure 21 illustrates the procedure. Mark the position of the
perpendicular at ground and measure the distance y at ground level to the laser
spot. Use the distance measured by the sensor (sp0, of0) and y to calculate in a
precise way.
Example/ Error:
Sensor is mounted in 4 meters height under an angle of 30°.
An error in the measurement of y of 5 cm is resulting in a systematic absolute
error in d of 3 cm.
Having corrected the offset (so) only a relative error has to be taken into
account.
In this case the snow depth measurement has an error between 0.01 % and
0.1 % depending of the real snow depth (0 m to 3.5 m).
36
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Measurement Examples
7
Measurement Examples
The chapter is showing some examples for snow depth measurements.
Fig. 22: Example of 22 days snow depth measurement in lowland area in Germany
black curve indicates the snow depth, the green curve the signal strength, the red dots
are error indicators and rose curve indicates the heater activity.
Fig. 23: Example of 40 days snow depth measurement in a low mountain range
environment in Germany.
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37
Measurement Examples
0.5
FP
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
14:40:23
16:00:00
18:00:00
20:00:00
22:00:00
00:00:00
7LPH
02:00:00
04:00:00
06:00:00
08:00:00
09:45:08
signal strength
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
14:40:23
max snow
0.41
Fig. 24:
16:00:00
18:00:00
-0.01
cm
00:00:00
7LPH
cm
0.026
cm
02:00:00
max sig
min sig
5.13
1.52
04:00:00
mean-sig
2.68
06:00:00
stdev-sig
08:00:00
09:45:08
Signal strength
r.av.filter
1.08
ON
SHM 30 snow depth- (top) and signal strength measurement (bottom)
Illustration of the variation of the snow depth and the signal strength in 19 hours. At
4:45 pm (UTC) it starts raining and the reflectivity of a reference target plate at ground
changes. The plate is drying in the morning. At 9:30 am a 1 mm thick grey card with
50 % reflectivity is put onto the target plate for some minutes.
Fig. 25:
38
0.04829
22:00:00
stdev snow
mean snow
min snow
cm
20:00:00
reference grey card as an example for 50 % reflection target.
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Measurement Examples
Fig. 26: SHM 30 communication software
Fig. 27: Variation of the signal strength
with distance and from reference cards with different reflectivities (top 86 %, middle
50 %, bottom 6,25 %) after the normalization regarding section 5.5. The reference
cards with 86 % (SHd) and 6,25 % (SLd) match the white and black signal values stored
in the sensor for the 5 different distances.
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39
Service
8
Service
8.1
Error Codes
The SHM 30 has several build in error codes. The codes are fully available if the
sensor is connected to digital interfaces (RS232, RS422). The analog current output generates only a general 3 mA (or 21 mA) current to indicate an error without further details. In normal operation mode the E15 to E24 errors are showing
problems in running measurements. E61, E65 and E67 may happen if the user
communicates with the instrument.
In case of hardware errors the SHM 30 needs in general a service by
G. Lufft GmbH.
Error codes
Descriptions
E15
E16
E17
E18, E19
E23
E24
E31
E51
E52
E53
E54, E55
E61
Signal too weak or distance too short (<10 cm)
Signal too strong (reflexes from mirrors)
Background light error
DX mode only (industrial sensor error - not used for SHM)
Temperature below -10 °C
Temperature above +60 °C
Hardware error, faulty EEPROM checksum, reship sensor
APD voltage value failure (stray light or hardware error)
Laser current too high, broken laser diode possible
Math (division by zero)
Hardware errors, sensor must be reshipped for repair
Invalid command in RS232, RS422 configuration
1. Hardware error in interface:
2. wrong value in interface communication (parity error SIO)
SIO overflow, check time for emitted signals in application software
Framing- error SIO, serial interface parameter not set correctly to 8N1
Measurement was interrupted by a query from the user.
since firmware 9.05: This error doesn’t occurs anymore if the running
measurement is queried by a xw in polling mode. The result is transmitted after the measurement has been done.
Variation of snow depth between 2 consecutively measurements is
outside limit set by xp. The last valid value is transmitted instead. Firmware 9.06: after 60 measurements the new value is accepted.
Measurement was interrupted by “ESC” command
E62
E63
E64
E65
E66
E67
Table 21: List of error codes
Error codes
RS232 / RS422
telegram respond
Iout (current value
3...21 mA)
E15
E16
E17
E23
E24
>eee.eeee sss.sss TTT 15 P<
>eee.eeee sss.sss TTT 16 P<
>eee.eeee sss.sss TTT 17 P<
>eee.eeee sss.sss TTT 23 P<
>eee.eeee sss.sss TTT 24 P<
3, 21 mA
3, 21 mA
3, 21 mA
3, 21 mA
3, 21 mA
Table 22: Telegram respond and analog feedback after a specific error occurred
Iout {3; 21} depends on re, rb settings
Revision F0, August 2015
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Service
Error codes
RS232 / RS422
telegram respond
E31
E31
E51
E52
E53
E54, E55
E61
E62, E63, E64
>eee.eeee sss.sss TTT 51 P<
>eee.eeee sss.sss TTT 52 P<
>eee.eeee sss.sss TTT 53 P<
>eee.eeee sss.sss TTT 54 P<
E61
E62, E63, E64
E65
>eee.eeee sss.sss TTT 65 P<
E66
>eee.eeee sss.sss TTT 66 P<
E67
E67
Iout (current value
3...21 mA)
3, 21 mA (firmware 9.06)
last value (firmware 9.01 - 9.05)
3, 21 mA
3, 21 mA
3, 21 mA
3, 21 mA
last value
last value
4 mA (firmware 9.06)
last value (firmware 9.02 - 9.05)
3, 21 mA (firmware 9.06)
last value (firmware 9.02 - 9.05)
4 mA (firmware 9.06),
last value (firmware 9.05)
Table 22: Telegram respond and analog feedback after a specific error occurred
Iout {3; 21} depends on re, rb settings
Special start-up error responds:
The following snow depth values are initialization values and will be transmitted
in the data telegram, whenever an error is detected directly after a system start
or whenever the xm start command is set and an error occurs:
eee.eeee := RB (start value of range) (firmware 9.06, consistent with Iout)
eee.eeee := 0 m (only firmware 9.05)
eee.eeee := -99 m (firmware 9.04 and earlier)
In any other cases the last valid measurement is repeated as eee.eeee
value!
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Revision F0, August 2015
Service
8.2
Cleaning & Maintenance
Before cleaning, be aware!
Class 2 laser radiation. Please avoid to look directly into the laser beam.
Interval
Cleaning
Quarterly
Check if the beam path is clean,
remove sedimentations, dust, insects
from mechanical parts
Annually,
before winter
season
As required
Check cable connector, mounting
clamps, clean stray light protection
tube
Remove snow and ice
Comment/ Aids
Micro-fibre wipes,
water, neutral cleaning
agents, air pressure for
insects in the optical tube
Allen key, check figures 28
and 29, cleaning (see above)
Table 23: Cleaning schedule and cleaning action
Please don‘t try to clean the optical parts in the field with alcohol and lens
tissues or Q-Tips! Afterwards you probably must dismount the sensor,
unscrew the tube and aperture in front of the sensor and clean the optics
in a professional way. Please contact Lufft if you have questions.
The stray light reduction tube in the front of the sensor can be unscrewed for
cleaning, see figure 28 to 30.
Fig. 28: Unscrew tube for stray light reduction to clean mechanics and optics.
Revision F0, August 2015
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Service
Fig. 29: Cleaning utilities:
bellows (photo), allen key T handle (M3) and tube with aperture
Fig. 30:
Core sensor module LDM30.11
In case of service only this core part has to be exchanged in field
Whenever it is necessary to exchange the measuring module only the core module LDM30.11 should be send to Lufft (figure 30) for repair:
l
l
l
to save transportation costs,
to keep the (de-)installation effort (before) after repair as little as possible,
avoid transport damage on housing parts.
Caution - Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures
other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation
exposure! Open of the inner housing usually leads to loss of warranty!
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Revision F0, August 2015
Service
8.3
Firmware Release
Date
Firmware
release
01.06.2009
9.04
01.09.2011
9.05
Description
Official market launch of SHM30 in August 2009 with Firmware 9.04
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15.11.2011
9.06
l
09.07.2012
9.07
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01.11.2012
9.08
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15.07.2013
9.09
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01.10.2014
9.10
l
angle precision “SP” corrected by a factor of 10 from 1° to
1.0°
reflectivity normal integrated (factory calibration to white “SH”
and black “SL” targets).
output resolution modified from 1 mm to 0.1mm
bug in telegram display solved for higher scale factor values.
error E65 will no longer appear if measurement is interrupted
by polling command. Now: Measurement will be finalized and
the answer will be send after completion.
E67 added, appears when measurement has been stopped by
ESC command
error handling for E66 (xp out of range) changed, new value is
accepted after 60 measurements, analog current mode shows
3 mA/ 21 mA instead of last value
There have been fixed 2 bugs; they led in rare cases to a frozen state in polling mode:
entering lower or upper case for commands does not matter
anymore.
DMA - transfer won’t be interrupted by measuring process
anymore.
Format for single digits temperature values in telegram corrected:
old: TTT <space>+9
new: TTT +09
SH, SL are limited now [0100]
telegram 2 (sdb) added
user variables M1 ... M8 added
normalization signal strength revised, SLd, SHd parameter introduced
variable snow flag and treshold “ss” implemented
internal Jenoptik update to be conform with modernized test bench
software, no effect on SHM30 applications
Table 24: Firmware Release
Revision F0, August 2015
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46
Revision F0, August 2015
List of Illustration
List of Illustration
Fig. 1: Measuring principle SHM 30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Fig. 2: Label at bottom side of SHM 30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Fig. 3: Laser warning label at left side of SHM 30 in English (standard) or German . . . . . . . . . . 9
Fig. 4: Laser exit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Fig. 5: Type label on inner housing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Fig. 6: 3D-Construction model SHM 30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Fig. 7: Dimensions SHM 30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Fig. 8: Interface cable SHM 30 with AWG24 wires (4 x 2 x 0.25 mm²) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Fig. 9: Recommended cable termination for digital wires in pure analog measuring mode . . . 15
Fig. 10: Scope of delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Fig. 11: Mounting clamp (8365.610-11) - standard - for mast Ø <72 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Fig. 12: Mounting clamp (8365.608-11) specified for mast with a Ø 80 mm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Fig. 13: Mounting clamp (8365.609-11) for masts to Ø 300 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Fig. 14: Package content: Fully packed (left), SHM 30 (right) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Fig. 15: Package content: Interface cable 10 m (left), . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Fig. 16: Cable installation and mounting clamp 8365.610-11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Fig. 17: Installation of mounting clamp 8365.608-11 or 8365.609-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Fig. 18: Installation help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Fig. 19: Dependency of the signal strength SM from distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Fig. 20: Technique to determine inclination angle using a reference object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Fig. 21: Plumb procedure: a = arcsin (y / x1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Fig. 22: Example of 22 days snow depth measurement in lowland area in Germany . . . . . . . . 37
Fig. 23: Example of 40 days snow depth measurement in a low mountain range. . . . . . . . . . . 37
Fig. 24: SHM 30 snow depth- (top) and signal strength measurement (bottom) . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Fig. 25: reference grey card as an example for 50 % reflection target. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Fig. 26: SHM 30 communication software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Fig. 27: Variation of the signal strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Fig. 28: Unscrew tube for stray light reduction to clean mechanics and optics. . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Fig. 29: Cleaning utilities: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Fig. 30: Core sensor module LDM30.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Revision F0, August 2015
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List of Illustration
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Revision F0, August 2015
List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 1:
Table 2:
Table 3:
Table 4:
Table 5:
Table 6:
Table 7:
Table 8:
Table 9:
Table 10:
Table 11:
Table 12:
Table 13:
Table 14:
Table 15:
Table 16:
Table 17:
Table 18:
Table 19:
Table 20:
Table 21:
Table 22:
Table 23:
Table 24:
SHM device versions, description & part numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accessories, mounting clamps & part numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Spare parts, description & part numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Laser parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Measuring parameter: Snow depth and signal strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Measuring parameter: Distance to hard targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Safety & environmental parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dimensions and weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Color code description of interface cable with RS232 connector, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Color code description interface cable with RS 422 connector, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Color code description interface cable with “heater off” option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
“PA” example output for a parameters set in firmware 9.09. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
“ID” for querying the list of commands; example for firmware 9.09 . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of configuration parameter, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Change from automode (sry) to polling mode (srn). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example for different scale factors sf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telegram example for format sda & test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SDB format telegram example & test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of error codes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telegram respond and analog feedback after a specific error occurred . . . . . . . . . .
Cleaning schedule and cleaning action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Firmware Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Revision F0, August 2015
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EC - Declaration of Conformity
EC - Declaration of Conformity
Revision F0, August 2015
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G. LUFFT Mess- und
Regeltechnik GmbH
Lufft Germany:
Fellbach Office:
Postal Address:
Gutenbergstrasse 20
D-70736 Fellbach
Address:
P.O. Box 4252
D-70719 Fellbach
Tel.: +49 (0)711 51822 - 0
Fax: +49 (0)711 51822 - 41
www.lufft.com
[email protected]
Contact
Berlin Office:
Carl-Scheele-Strasse 16
D-12489 Berlin
Phone: +49 711 51822-831
Fax:
+49 711 51822-944
a pass
sion
io for prec
ecis
ision · passion pour la préc
écis
ision · pa
asi
sión
ó por la precisió
ón · passione per la precisione ·
Lufft North America:
Lufft USA, Inc.
820 E Mason St #A
Santa Barbara, CA 93103
Tel.: +01 919 556 0818
Fax: +01 805 845 4275
E-Mail: [email protected]
www.lufft.com
Subject to technical modifications 032015
Lufft China:
Shanghai Office:
Lufft (Shanghai)
Measurement & Control
Technology Co., Ltd.
Room 507 & 509, Building No.3,
Shanghai Yinshi Science and
Business Park,
No. 2568 Gudai Road,
Minhang District,
201199 Shanghai, CHINA
Tel: +86 21 5437 0890
Fax: +86 21 5437 0910
E-Mail: [email protected]
www.lufft.cn