City & Guilds BUILDING 500, ABBEY PARK STARETON WARWICKSHIRE CV9 2LY Tel: 024 7685 7300 Fax: 024 7669 6128 Email: [email protected] LEVEL 2 AWARD USE AND MAINTAIN PEDESTRIAN CONTROLLED MOWERS (QCF) Workbook (To be used in conjunction with the PowerPoint presentation Safe Use of Pedestrian Controlled Mowers) © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 1 Introduction The assessment for this qualification is divided into two units: Unit 1 Unit 2 Operate a Mower Use and Maintain Pedestrian Controlled Powered Equipment Candidates must successfully achieve all assessment activities in both the above units. The assessment may be taken on a machine with any type of “cutting” mechanism for example: • Cylinder • Rotary • Flail • Reciprocating Knife • Greens Machine with interchangeable units © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 2 Unit 202 - Assessment criterion: 3.1 List the main hazards and risks associated with using pedestrian powered equipment and state the appropriate action To refresh your memory A Hazard - is anything with a potential to cause harm A Risk - is the possibility of somebody being harmed It is important that all possible hazards when using a tractor and mower are clearly identified. The persons at risk should be identified and how they may be harmed. The risks should be properly evaluated and control measures identified to reduce the risk. The following exercise examines some of the hazards/risks Slopes Overhanging branches Surface debris Underground obstructions/surface obstructions © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 3 People Animals Soft ground Ditches/waterways © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 4 Unit 201 - Assessment criterion: 1.1 Identify the risks involved when using a tractor, ride on or pedestrian mower The following pictures have been chose to illustrate some of the risks involved in using a pedestrian controlled mower. Complete the table stating how each of the risks can be avoided. The risk Overturning machine How the risk can be avoided Entrapment in moving parts Severed digits/cuts © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 5 The risk Muscle strain etc. How the risk can be avoided Burns Flying stones/debris Contamination Bio hazards Dust/fungal spores © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 6 Unit 201 - Assessment criterion: 1.2 Carry out a site-specific risk assessment Generic Hazard and Risk Assessments are produced which cover using pedestrian mowers for specified activities; they: • identify the hazards • decide who might be harmed and how • evaluate the risks and decide on precautions • record the findings and how to control the risks • need to be reviewed regularly and updated if necessary It is important that Generic Hazard and Risk Assessments are made available and that operators read them. Now read the Generic Hazard and Risk Assessment A site-specific risk assessment is essential even when a general risk assessment has been carried out. This is because the risks involved change with every site, the specific task being carried out and with different machines. It covers: the SITE, the place where you will be carrying out the activity; the TASK, what you will be doing; the MACHINE, the machine/equipment you will be using. Identifying the hazards specific to the site, task and machine are crucial in safeguarding the health, safety and welfare of the operator, fellow workers and the general public. Remember a hazard is the potential to cause harm and a risk is the likelihood of harm. The most effective way of carrying out a specific risk assessment is to: • review the general or generic risk assessment • walk the site, think about the specific task that is to be carried out with the machine • define the risks • how to mitigate them (control measures) • record them; and • communicate them to relevant people. When you are assessed you will be required to: © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 7 (Enter the missing words in the table) Requirement Reason(s) _____________ for hazards and ______ or ____ the hazards confirm that the _________ of the site is __________ for the operation to take place ______ to an _________________ if the site was unsuitable _____________________ and ________ (if appropriate) _____________________ or to _________________________ Now read the specific hazard and risk assessment. Make a note in the table below of the specific hazards relating to site, task and machine not covered in the generic hazard and risk assessment. Requirement Reason(s) The SITE The TASK The MACHINE © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 8 Unit 201 - Assessment criterion: 2.1 Describe the relevant health and safety legislation in relation to mower operations What do the following pieces of legislation require the operator to do? Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health 2002 (COSHH) Health & Safety at Work Act 1974 Health & Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981 Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 Personal Protective Equipment Regulations 1992 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 Reporting of Injuries, diseases and dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 After discussion complete the tables below The Legislation Summary of duties of the employee Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health 2002 (COSHH) Health & Safety at Work Act 1974 © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 9 The Legislation Summary of duties of the employee Health & Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981 Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 Personal Protective Equipment Regulations 1992 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 10 Unit 202 - Assessment criterion: 5.1 Outline current health and safety legislation and codes of practice and any additional requirements: Legislation has already been dealt with in detail in a previous unit. There are some basic legal and safety precautions relating to the use or movement on or near the public highway or where members of the public have access. They are summarised in the following section There are a number of precautions that can be made to protect the operator, public and animals. They may include: warning signs ______________ appropriate ____ should be worn ________________ clothing should be worn ______________________ could be set up The fuel storage and transportation requirements state: no smoking no naked flames avoid contact with hot surfaces fuel level topped up safely as required any spillage dealt with safely and that containers must be: specifically designed for fuel storage have a non-spill spout be clearly labelled have securely fitting caps be kept away from any sources of ignition © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 11 Unit 202 - Assessment criterion: 5.2 Describe how environmental damage can be minimised Enviromental damage can be defined as any change or disturbance to the environment perceived to be damaging or undesirable. Enviromental damage can take many forms; for the operator of a pedestrian controlled mower it could include the following: • • • • • incorrect storage and disposal of fuel / oils not disposing of worn components and service items correctly carrying out activities when the climatic conditions are wrong carrying out activities when the ground conditions are unsuitable not conducting an environmental impact survey on a site that contains protected species • carrying out activities the wrong time of year impacting on the natural flora (plants) • carrying out activities that impact on wildlife • not carrying out activities correctly resulting in damage to the mown area Describe four ways in which environmental damage can be minimised (as detailed on the slide) 1. 2. 3. 4. © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 12 Unit 201 - Assessment criterion: 3.1 Select the appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for mower operations What items of PPE are required when using a pedestrian controlled mower? Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is important in ensuring the health and safety of operators and in some instances other people (as in the case of high visibility clothing). The operator’s handbook for the machine will recommend wearing certain items of personal protective equipment (PPE). The generic and or specific hazard and risk assessment may require other items of PPE to be worn as part of the control measures identified. The law requires employers to provide PPE and for employees to wear it, however it is important to understand why certain items of PPE need to be worn and how they provide protection to the operator, or have other benefits. The CE marking as it is legally called since 1993 (per directive 93/68/EEC) is a mandatory conformity mark for products placed on the market in the European Economic Area (EEA). European law requires that PPE has to comply with legislation. The CE marking is not a quality mark, but PPE with the CE marking on it conforms to the essential requirements of the applicable EC directives. Only PPE that conforms should be supplied and worn. Complete the table below Item of PPE (name) Why it is worn © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G Other benefits 13 © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 14 Unit 202 - Assessment criterion: 1.5 Select and use the appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment Note: this has already been covered in the previous unit Unit 202 - Assessment criterion: 4.3 describe the basic differences between petrol and diesel engines The following diagrams show the basic differences between a petrol engine and a diesel engine. The basic differences are;Complete the statements below that describe the basic differences between a petrol and diesel engine: A petrol engine - ______________________________________________________ © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 15 A diesel engine - ______________________________________________________ Unit 202 - Assessment criterion: 4.1 Describe the operating differences between two and four stroke engines Label the diagram of the four stroke engine with the major components Valve Spark plug Exhaust port Bore Piston Cylinder Complete the table below that summarises the differences between two and four stroke engines © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 16 Main differences between two and four stroke engines Two stroke engines Four stroke engines Unit 202 - Assessment criterion: 4.2 Describe the lines of drive – clutch, v-belts and chains “Lines of drive” are simply the means to transmit power from the engine to other parts of the machine; they include belts, chains and clutches. Complete the table on the following page stating examples of where each may be found on a mower. Method of Principle Transmission Line of drive For transmitting torque and rotation, e.g. from the engine to components via a prop shaft Clutch A device to engage/disengage drive e.g. to facilitate gear changing, starting and stopping V-belts A loop of flexible material for transmitting power, that links two or more rotating shafts e.g. alternator A way of transmitting mechanical power from one place to another, often used to power wheels Chains © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G Examples and where it/they may be found 17 Unit 201 - Assessment criterion: 4.1 Identify and explain the key features of the equipment being used, including: • transmission • safe stop procedures • cutting mechanisms Knowing and identifying the key features of the equipment being used is important to ensure the health and safety of the operator and others. In addition it is important to know the key features in order to be able to operate the equipment efficiently and effectively; this prolongs its working life and minimises expensive repairs that result from doing the wrong thing. Table 1. Transmission Explain how to engage/disengage the transmission to the equipment. How the equipment is powered, the lines of drive, and type of methods used to transfer power. Table 2. Safe stop procedures Explain how to safely stop the mower (especially important in an emergency). © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 18 Table 3 Cutting mechanisms Explain how to engage/disengage the cutting mechanism and how it works. Unit 201 - Assessment criterion: 5.1 Identify the controls (and instruments if appropriate) relating to the equipment being used Before attempting to operate any piece of machinery/equipment it is very important to familiarise yourself with the function of all of the controls and, if appropriate, instruments. As an operator you need to be very familiar with the controls and be able to read and interpret the information displayed on the instruments. Label the diagram below clearly indicating all the main controls. Trainer to paste a diagram into this space for learners to label Label the diagram below clearly indicating all the other controls. © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 19 Trainer to paste a diagram into this space for learners to label © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 20 Unit 201 - Assessment criterion: 5.2 Describe the function of the controls In the table below list the main controls that you have identified and describe what each one does. Name of control Description of the function © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 21 Unit 201 - Assessment criterion: 5.3 Identify any warning /safety functions For your safety and the safety of others, all machines have “decals”, “transfers” or signs which basically fall into three main categories. Write in the meaning of the types of sign below Type of sign Meaning of this type of sign Advisory – location e.g. first aid kit or eye wash station There are a number warning signs used on machinery and equipment. For many of them the meaning is clear, for others you may need to check the meaning in the manufacturer’s handbook. Write in the precise meaning of the sign in the space below *Trainer to paste other signs into the space provided Sign Meaning of this type of sign Sign © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G Meaning of this type of sign 22 Sign Meaning of this type of sign Sign © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G Meaning of this type of sign 23 Unit 201 - Assessment criterion: 6.1 Identify the daily checks that should be made to the machine These are the minimum checks that are recommended; there may be others recommended by the manufacturer. The following are checked to ensure safety of operator and machine: wheels/roller(s) are secure visual inspection of the tyres is carried out, condition stated, appropriate level of inflation confirmed (if appropriate) function of on/off control (operator presence control or key switch)checked condition/function of roller unit/seat (if fitted) fixings holding cutting unit(s) are in place/tightly secured (as applicable to the mower being used) The following are checked to ensure efficient operation and longevity of machine: fuel level is adequate engine oil is within limits hydraulic oil is within limits (if applicable/accessible/measurable) engine air cleaner is clean/components are undamaged/in an acceptable condition all sites needing lubrication are lubricated there is no obvious damage to the cutting units Unit 201 - Assessment criterion: 6.3: Identify the pre-start checks that should be made to the machine Pre-start checks have already been covered; refer to the check sheet in an earlier section. State how frequently that checks need to be undertaken © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 24 Unit 201 - Assessment criterion: 8.1 Carry out pre-start checks Before operation you should carry out pre-start checks; these will have already been carried out in other parts of this Unit. There is no need to repeat them again. You are required to: carry out correct pre-start checks in accordance with the manufacturer’s handbook/operator’s manual state the frequency of checks that need to be undertaken report your findings in respect of the pre-start checks carried out act on your findings in respect of the pre-start checks carried out carry out a visual inspection to ensure the safety of the machine, stating what you were looking for The statutory guarding requirements for a pedestrian controlled mower are: _______________, belts, pulleys and chains ___________ the guards are_______ ____________________ Unit 202 - Assessment criterion: 1.1 Ensure that the pedestrian controlled power equipment is safe and in good working order You will be required to: carry out a visual inspection of the machine state the frequency of checks comment on the condition of the machine Comments on the condition of the machine: © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 25 Unit 201 - Assessment criterion: 6.4 Describe the correct start up and stop techniques in accordance with instructions and any manufacturer's guidance All machines differ slightly as to how they can be started, how they are “put into operation” and how they are stopped. In common with all machines, before you start it,, the most important thing is to know how to stop it, especially in an emergency! Starting procedure Stopping procedure Unit 202 - Assessment criterion: 3.3 Describe methods of checking and maintaining the equipment for use covering: Correct pre-use checks Correct start-up procedure Use appropriate work method Correct stopping procedure Correct post use maintenance To meet this assessment criterion you are required to describe methods of checking and maintaining the equipment ready for use. A description means to “say or write what something is like”. Complete the table on the following two pages. © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 26 Correct pre-use checks (How are these carried out?) Correct start up procedure (How is it performed?) Use appropriate work methods (Whilst mowing?) Correct stopping procedure (How is it performed?) © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 27 Correct pre-use maintenance (what needs to be done?) Reporting problems to the appropriate persons (who and when?) Unit 201 - Assessment criterion: 6.2 Identify routine maintenance procedures for the machine This section covers all types of machines in the range Cylinder Mower For a Cylinder Mower, when you are assessed you will be required to know and understand how to carry out the following: bed knife to cylinder adjustment back lapping, use of grinding paste and reverse direction of cylinder rotation checking the bed knife and cylinder for wear/damage carry out other adjustments At appropriate points during the demonstration given by your trainer make notes in the spaces provided. © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 28 The process for checking the bed knife to cylinder clearance Back lapping is a method of sharpening the cylinder and bed knife in situ. It involves the use of abrasive paste. There are a number of basic steps (note these may vary from machine to machine). The procedure for back lapping is as follows: • put on appropriate PPE • clean the unit before attempting to work on it. It won’t be possible to see or hear what is going on if it is full of debris • inspect the cylinder and bed knife for damage • grease the cylinder bearings and rollers, to prevent the abrasive paste from entering and causing excessive wear • adjust the cylinder to bed knife, back it away so that there is no metal to metal contact. Check the bearings for movement (there should be no significant left to right and up and down movement). Spin the cylinder slowly, it should rotate smoothly and freely. Re-adjust ready for back lapping. It is important not to over tighten. Use a strip of newspaper, rotating the cylinder one blade at a time, and adjust the distance so the paper flaps and drags (but is not cut).For back lapping to be effective it is essential that the cylinder is parallel to the bed knife. • put the cylinder into reverse, there should be no metal to metal contact, it should spin quietly • apply the back lapping material (120 grit) with a long handle paint brush right to left; the grinding noise should be consistent. When the grinding noise subsides, brush over again; do not reapply more grinding paste. • © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 29 • stop the cylinder and examine, wipe away the grinding paste from an area and check. • if necessary tighten and repeat the action until the cylinder and bed knife are sharp (if the whole operation is not completed in 15 minutes it may be necessary to remove the cylinder and bench grind). • polish, applying a small amount of compound (180 grit) to finish the back lapping process • clean the unit, thoroughly removing all of the compound whilst operating the cylinder in reverse. When completed the cylinder will turn freely with no contact. • adjust the cylinder to bed knife clearance, it should be zero, metal to metal contact, adjust using strips of paper. • adjust the height of cut and test the mower • clean the machine off after the test The process for checking bed knife and cylinder for wear and damage The process for bed knife to cylinder adjustment © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 30 The process for carrying out other adjustments in accordance with manufacturer’s handbook Rotary Mower For a Rotary Mower in your assessment you will be expected to know and understand how to carry out the following: safely remove and refit the blade what to look for when inspecting the blade sharpening the blade how to balance the blade how to check that the fitting is correct, tightness/torque setting At appropriate points during the demonstration given by your trainer make notes in the spaces provided. How to safely remove and refit the blade(s) from the mower using the appropriate tool(s) © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 31 What to look for when inspecting the blade Sharpening the blade How to balance the blade (any method using basic equipment for checking balance) How to check that the fitting is correct, tightness/torque setting © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 32 There are a number of reasons for balancing a blade; they include: Enter the missing words below • _________________ • ______________ • ______________________ • ________________________ Flail Mower For a Flail Mower, when you are assessed you will be required to know and understand how to carry out the following: safely remove the blades what to look for when inspecting the blades for damage sharpen the blades how to refit the blades how to carry out adjustments how to check that the fitting is correct, tightness/torque setting At appropriate points during the demonstration given by your trainer make notes in the spaces provided How to safely remove the blade(s) from the mower using the appropriate tool(s) © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 33 What to look for when inspecting the blades for damage How to sharpen the blades How to refit the blades How to carry out adjustments © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 34 How to check that the fitting is correct, tightness/torque setting Reciprocating Knife Mower For a Reciprocating Knife Mower, when you are assessed you will be required to know and understand how to carry out the following: safely remove the blades what to look for when inspecting the blades for damage sharpen the blades how to refit the blades how to carry out adjustments how to check that the fitting is correct, including adjustment of knife clips, ledger plates and wear plates At appropriate points during the demonstration given by your trainer make notes in the spaces provided. How to safely remove the knife from the mower using appropriate tools © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 35 What to look for when inspecting the blade for damage How to sharpen the blades How to refit the blades to the mower How to carry out adjustments © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 36 How to check that fitting is correct including; correct fitting including adjustment of knife clips, ledger plates, and wear plates Greens Machine (Triple) with changeable cassettes (e.g. Thatch-Away SUPASYSTEM) Know and understand how to carry out the following: make the machine safe safely disconnect the motor (hydraulic or electric) safely remove the cassette from the machine why it is important to clear the debris what to look for when inspecting the cassette for damage and report on its condition re-fit another cassette to the unit re-attach the motor check that fitting is correct (including all clips) carry out adjustments in accordance with manufacturer’s handbook (specifically height and be able to state the effect of “one click” in terms of mm) How to make the machine safe © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 37 How to safely disconnect the motor (hydraulic or electric) How to safely remove the cassette from the machine State why it is important to clear the debris State what to look for when inspecting the cassette for damage and report on its condition © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 38 Describe how to re-fit another cassette to the unit Describe how to re-attach the motor How to check that fitting is correct (including all clips) Describe how to carry out adjustments in accordance with manufacturers handbook (specifically height and be able to state the effect of “one click” in terms of mm) © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 39 Unit 202 - Assessment criterion: 1.4 Maintain pedestrian controlled power equipment in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions Note: this has already been covered in the previous unit Unit 201 - Assessment criterion: 7.1 Describe the adjustments that may be made to the cutting units During assessment you will be required to describe how to make adjustments to the cutting units. These will be specific to the type of unit(s) being used and may vary between machines: Cylinder Rotary Flail Reciprocating Knife Greens Machine (units) Label the diagram overleaf indicating how the cutting unit(s) may be adjusted. © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 40 Trainer to paste appropriate diagram(s) into this space for the learners to label and indicate how adjustments can be made: © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 41 Unit 201 - Assessment criterion: 7.2 Identify why it is important to adjust the cutting deck The reasons for making adjustments may include any of the following: reduce the height of cut increase the height of cut to improve the quality of cut to accommodate a change in sward health/condition to take into account a change in ground conditions Other reasons may include: Unit 201 - Assessment criterion: 7.3 Make adjustments in accordance with instructions and manufacturer's guidance During assessment you will be required to make adjustments to the cutting units that you have been trained on. These will be specific to the type of unit(s) being used. The height of cut is controlled by making adjustments to the cutting unit. For example: On the machine to the left the height is adjusted using spanners. There will be a number of other methods for different machines. © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 42 Unit 202 - Assessment criterion 3.2: Explain the importance of operating equipment in line with manufacturer’s instructions For the purposes of assessment you are required to explain the reasons for operating the equipment in line with manufacturer’s instructions. Explanation means “to make something clear or easy to understand”. The explanation should include:• reduces the risk of operator injury • reduces wear and tear on the machine and prolongs life of the machine • quality of work/finish will be of the required standard Enter your explanation into the table overleaf. Unit 201 - Assessment criterion: 8.2 Operate a machine safely in accordance with instructions and manufacturer’s guidance For most mowing tasks there will be a specification stating things like: • frequency of cut, • height of cut and • how the site is to be left after work has been completed. However for the purposes of assessment this activity should take approximately fifteen minutes. The area to mow must include: use of headlands, negotiating restricted spaces and obstacles. When you are assessed you will demonstrate: © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 43 task _______________________________ appropriate __________________ selected/maintained _________________ to give appropriate power output work ___________________ mowing carried out without _________________ finish complies with _______________/________________ Unit 202 - Assessment criterion: 2.2 Carry out work in a manner that minimises environmental damage. During training, assessment and when you are working there is an expectation that: cutting takes place only when climatic conditions are suitable turns are made without excessive damage to the surface arisings are disposed of in accordance with legislative and organisational requirements Unit 201 - Assessment criterion: 8.3 Discuss the quality of cut, the methods of turning and different approaches to the cut The quality of the cut This will be dependent on the type of machine being used and the condition of the cutting mechanism. Each type of machine has been developed to effectively cut different types/quality of grassland/sward. Cylinder mowers - the cylinder mower can produce a very fine sward by being able to cut to a low height. These mowers consist of a spiral blade wrapping around a cylinder. This cuts against a fixed blade in a scissor action. The result is a very clean cut, when properly adjusted. They are used extensively where a high standard of finish is required. © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 44 Cutting action of a cylinder mower Rotary Mowers - The rotary mower is a widely-used mower which is suitable for general amenity use. Its key feature is a horizontally rotating blade. This allows the mower to be used on uneven areas. The result can be a clean cut, when the blade is new/sharp, but often it tears /bruises the grass. It is not generally used on high quality lawns where a better finish is required. Cutting action of a rotary mower Effect of a damaged or blunt blade on the cut Flail Mowers - have a number of small blades on the end of chains attached to a horizontal axis. The cutting is carried out by the axe-like heads striking the grass at speed. These types are used on rough ground, where the blades may frequently be fouled by other objects, or on tougher vegetation than grass, such as brush (scrub). Due to the length of the chains and the higher weight of the blades, they are better at cutting thick brush than other mowers, because of the relatively high inertia of the blades. © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 45 Pedestrian Flail Mower in action Reciprocating knife mowers - have a long (typically 2-3 metres) bar on which are mounted fingers with stationary guardplates. In a channel on the bar there is a reciprocating knife blade with very sharp triangular blades. The bar is driven back and forth along the channel. The grass, or other plant matter, is cut between the sharp edges of the knife and the finger-plates. The bar rides on the ground, supported on a skid at the inner end, and it can be tilted to adjust the height of the cut. Primarily used for cutting tall grass. Reciprocating Knife Mower Methods of turning to reduce damage to the surface Friction from the wheels or roller is occasionally a problem, especially when the climatic or ground conditions are not ideal for mowing operations to take place. The most obvious signs of damage are: • wheel or roller marks • depressions • footprints left by the operator Different approaches to the cutting of grass: for efficiency, to improve the sward or to achieve desired visual effects © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 46 For efficiency, minimal overlap and a single pass is key. However planning where to start and where to finish the cut is equally important and needs to take into account the conditions and features of the site. Generally speaking the direction of cut is changed for reasons of good husbandry or to achieve desired visual effects as per the examples below. © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 47 Unit 202 - Assessment criterion: 1.6 Identify any problems with the equipment and take appropriate action What problems were found with the machine? (You will be required to state how you would deal with three problems during assessment) Problem Solution / action 1. 2. 3. If the solution is outside my limit of responsibility, I would: Unit 202 - Assessment criterion: 1.3 Clean and store equipment correctly after use After use the machine should be cleaned and correctly stored in the designated area. It is important to use the correct PPE for cleaning the mower; complete the table below. Item of PPE (name) Why it is worn © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G The benefit 48 The methods of cleaning include using: a brush compressed air water/pressure washer © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 49 The reasons for cleaning are: prevents personal contamination prevents corrosion makes visual inspection for damage possible facilitates maintenance and adjustments Unit 202 - Assessment criterion: 5.3 describe the correct methods for disposing of organic and inorganic waste Methods include: • hazardous – e.g. waste lubricants are stored appropriately and collected by a registered contractor for disposal/recycling • paper towels (used for wiping dipstick) and protective gloves used during pre-start checks are disposed of correctly • non hazardous waste – boxed arisings are taken to composted area/composted • machine is cleaned/washed in designated area Unit 202 - Assessment criterion 2.3: Dispose of waste safely and correctly How should the following waste be stored and then disposed of? Write your answers in the table below. Waste Storage Disposal lubricants Paper towels used for wiping a dipstick and protective gloves © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 50 Grass cuttings Machine washings Unit 202 - Assessment criterion: 2.1 Work in a way which maintains health and safety and is consistent with current legislation, codes of practice and additional requirements During training, assessment and when you are working there is an expectation that you will comply with: health & safety current legislation codes of practice any additional requirements e.g. leaving site clean and tidy after work has been completed Unit 202 - Assessment criterion: 1.2 Use equipment according to manufacturer’s instructions and legal/regulatory requirements During training the Assessor will be evaluating the following throughout the duration of the assessment: compliance with H&S current legislation codes of practice additional requirements e.g. site is left clean and tidy © C&G 2012 Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is forbidden without prior consent of C&G 51
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