victron energy USER MANUAL GEBRUIKSAANWIJZING MODE D'EMPLOI BEDIENUNGSANLEITUNG Phoenix 12/300 Phoenix 24/350 Phoenix 12/600 Phoenix 24/800 Copyrights © 1999, 2000 Victron Energy B.V. All Rights Reserved This publication or part thereoff, may not reproduced in any form by any method, for any purpose. VICTRON ENERGY B.V. MAKES NO WARRANTY, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, REGARDING THESE VICTRON ENERGY PRODUCTS AND MAKES SUCH VICTRON ENERGY PRODUCTS AVAILABLE SOLELY ON AN “AS-IS” BASIS. IN NO EVENT SHALL VICTRON ENERGY B.V. BE LIABLE TO ANYONE FOR SPECIAL, COLLATERAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH OR ARISING OUT OF PURCHASE OR USE OF THESE VICTRON ENERGY PRODUCTS. THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE LIABILITY TO VICTRON ENERGY B.V., REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION, SHALL NOT EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE VICTRON ENERGY PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HERE IN. For conditions of use and permission to use this manual for publication in other than the Englisch, Dutch, French or German language, contact Victron Energy B.V. Victron Energy B.V. reserves the right to revise and improve its products as it sees fit. This publication describes the state of this product at the time of its publication and may not reflect the product at all times in the future. 2 manual victron energy SECTIONS Page English Nederlands French Deutsch victron energy 4 23 43 63 manual 3 INTRODUCTION Victron Energy has established an international reputation as a leading designer and manufacturer of energy systems. Our R&D department is the driving force behind this reputation. It is continually seeking new ways of incorporating the latest technology in our products. Each step forward results in value-added technical and economical features. Our proven philosophy has resulted in a full range of state-of-the-art equipment for the supply of electrical power. All our equipment meets the most stringent requirements. Victron Energy energy systems provide you with high quality AC supplies at places where there are no permanent sources of mains power. An automatic stand-alone power system can be created with a configuration comprising of a Victron Energy inverter, battery charger and last but not least, batteries with sufficient capacity. Our equipment is suitable for countless situations in the field, on ships or other places where a mobile 230 or 115 VoltAC power supply is indispensable. Victron Energy has the ideal power source for all kinds of electrical appliances used for household, technical and industrial purposes, including instruments susceptible to interference. All of these applications require a high quality power supply in order to function properly. Victron Energy Phoenix sinewave inverter This manual contains instructions for installing the Phoenix 12/300, Ph 24/350, Ph 12/600 and Ph 24/800 sinewave inverters. It describes the functionality and operation of the Phoenix inverter, including its protective devices and other technical features. Note: where the abbreviation ‘Ph’ is used please read ‘Phoenix’ instead. 4 manual victron energy CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..............................................................4 1. INSTALLATION ............................................................6 1.1 Location of the inverter 1.2 Battery requirements 1.3 Connection to the battery 1.3.1 General precautions when working with batteries 1.4 Connecting the load 1.5 Turning the inverter on 1.6 Using “economy” mode on the Ph 12/600 and Ph 24/800 6 7 8 8 10 11 12 2. TROUBLESHOOTING................................................13 2.1 The flash sequence table 2.2 Acoustic messages 2.3 Troubleshooting guidelines 13 14 14 3. TECHNICAL DATA .....................................................18 3.1 Phoenix 12/300 and Phoenix 24/350 3.2 Phoenix 12/600 and Phoenix 24/800 3.3 Enclosure dimensions Ph 12/300 and Ph 24/350 3.4 Enclosure dimensions Ph 12/600 and Ph 24/800 18 19 20 20 4. BATTERY CAPACITY.................................................21 4.1 Calculation of the minimum required battery capacity victron energy manual 21 5 1. INSTALLATION 1.1 Location of the inverter FAN y x 1 2. 3 4 5 1 2 Ceiling mounting (inverted). Base mounting. Vertical wall mounting, fan at bottom. FAN 3 4 5 Not recommended OK OK (beware of small objects falling through the ventilation openings on top). Not recommended Vertical wall mounting, fan on top. Horizontal wall mounting. OK For best operating results, the inverter should be placed on a flat surface. To ensure a trouble free operation of the inverter, it must be used in locations that meet the following requirements: a) Avoid any contact with water. Do not expose the inverter to rain or moisture. b) Do not place the unit in direct sunlight. Ambient air temperature should be between 0 °C and 40 °C (humidity < 95% non condensing). Note that in extreme situations the inverter’s case temperature can exceed 70 °C. c) Do not obstruct the airflow around the inverter. Leave at least 10 centimetres clearance around the inverter. When the inverter is running too hot, it will shut down. When the inverter has reached a safe temperature level the unit will automatically restart again. 6 manual victron energy 1.2 Battery requirements For correct operation, the battery voltage should be between 0.92xVnom and 1.25xVnom where Vnom is 12V or 24V depending on the model, and must be able to supply sufficient current to your inverter. The following table displays the recommended battery capacity per inverter type : Inverter type : Iin at Pnom : Ph 12/300 Ph 24/350 Ph 12/600 Ph 24/800 22 Adc 15 Adc 50 Adc 32 Adc Recommended battery capacity: ≥ 100 Ah ≥ 60 Ah ≥ 200 Ah ≥ 100 Ah The inverter shuts down when the battery voltage is below 0.88xVnom or above 1.3xVnom. In a low or high battery situation the inverter generates one beep per second. THE Ph 12/300 AND Ph 12/600 MUST BE CONNECTED ONLY TO A 12V BATTERY. The inverter will not operate from a 6V battery. The inverter will be damaged when the battery voltage is higher than 16V. CAUTION victron energy THE Ph 24/350 AND Ph 24/800 MUST BE CONNECTED ONLY TO A 24V BATTERY. The inverter will not operate from a 12V battery. The inverter will be damaged when the battery voltage is higher than 31V. manual 7 1.3 Connection to the battery The Ph 12/300 and Ph 24/350 are equipped with two 4 mm² wires with a length of 1.5 meters. The Ph 12/600 and Ph 24/800 are equipped with two 10 mm² wires with the same length. If it is unavoidable to extend these wires, use a wire gauge of at least 1.5 times larger than the ones supplied with the inverter. Maximum recommended battery wire length is approx. 3 meters. 1.3.1 General precautions when working with batteries 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Working in vicinity of a lead acid battery is dangerous. Batteries can generate explosive gases during operation. Never smoke or allow a spark or flame in the vicinity of a battery. Provide sufficient ventilation around the battery. Wear eye and clothing protection. Avoid touching eyes while working near batteries. Wash your hands when done. If battery acid contacts skin or clothing, wash immediately with soap and water. If acid enters eye, immediately flood eye with running cold water for at least 15 minutes and get medical attention immediately. Be careful when using metal tools in vicinity of batteries. Dropping a metal tool onto a battery might cause a short-circuit battery and, possibly an explosion. Remove personal metal items such as rings, bracelets, necklaces, and watches when working with a battery. A battery can produce a short-circuit current high enough to melt a ring or the like to metal, causing severe burns. CAUTION 8 THE RED WIRE MUST BE CONNECTED TO THE POSITIVE (+) TERMINAL AND THE BLACK WIRE TO THE NEGATIVE (-) TERMINAL OF THE BATTERY. Reverse polarity connection of the battery wires can damage the inverter! Damage caused by reversed polarity is not covered by the warranty. Make sure the power switch is in the OFF ‘0’ position before connecting the battery. manual victron energy WARNING IF THE INVERTER IS CONNECTED TO THE INCORRECT POLARITY, THE FUSE WILL BLOW. To replace the fuse in the Ph 12/300 or Ph 24/350, make sure you disconnect the battery first. Replace the fuse only with the correct type (Littelfuse, or equivalent, 40 A for 12V version and 25 A for 24V version, automotive type). After the fuse is replaced you can reconnect the battery again, but this time with the correct polarity applied (RED TO ‘+’ AND BLACK TO ‘-‘). If the fuse blows again, even with the correct polarity applied, the inverter is damaged and must be returned for service. THE Ph 12/600 AND Ph 24/800 MODELS ARE EQUIPPED WITH AN INTERNAL FUSE WHICH CAN BE REPLACED ONLY BY SPECIALLY TRAINED SERVICE PERSONNEL. CAUTION DO NOT USE THE Ph 12/300 AND Ph 24/350 INVERTERS WITH ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS USING POSITIVE GROUND. These inverters are designed for use with negative ground electrical systems. The inverter’s case is connected to the protective earth conductor of the AC outlet and to the negative wire of the DC input. The Ph 12/600 and Ph 24/800 models have an earthed case which is not directly connected to any DC input wire victron energy manual 9 1.4 Connecting the load Before you connect your appliance(s) to the inverter, always check it’s maximum power consumption. Do not connect appliances to the inverter needing more than the nominal power rating of the inverter continuously. Some appliances like motors or pumps, draw large inrush currents in a start-up situation. In such circumstances, it is possible that the start-up current exceeds the overcurrent trip level of the inverter. In this case the output voltage will quickly decrease to limit the output current of the inverter. If the overcurrent trip level is continuously exceeded, the inverter will shut down and restart within 18 seconds. In this case it is advisable to disconnect the appliance from the inverter, since it requires too much power to be driven by this inverter. Note that at higher ambient temperature levels, the overload capacity of the inverter is reduced. Besides indicating the type of error, the red LED on the Ph 12/600 and Ph 24/800 inverters also functions as an overload indicator. When heavy loads are switched on, this LED will shortly light due to the inrush current of the load. If the ERROR/OVERLOAD LED stays on for 6 seconds, the inverter will shut down and switches to the overload error mode (see chapter 3.1) WARNING WHEN CONNECTING MORE THAN ONE APPLIANCE TO THE INVERTER, IN COMBINATION WITH A COMPUTER, NOTE THAT IF ONE OF THE APPLIANCES DRAWS A HIGH START CURRENT, IT CAN CAUSE YOUR COMPUTER TO REBOOT DUE TO A SUDDEN VOLTAGE DROP. NEVER CONNECT THE INVERTER’S OUTPUT TO THE AC DISTRIBUTION GRID, SUCH AS YOUR HOUSEHOLD AC WALL OUTLET. IT WILL DAMAGE THE INVERTER. CAUTION 10 manual victron energy 1.5 Turning the inverter on When all the above requirements are checked and satisfied and all connections are made, it’s time to turn on your Phoenix inverter by pushing the power switch to the ‘ I ’ position. After a short beep, indicating that all internal circuits are checked, the sinewave shaped output voltage gently rises until 230V/50Hz ± 2% is reached. When the inverter is not supplying power to an appliance for a longer time, it’s recommended to turn off the inverter to save your batteries since it still draws a small amount of current in a ‘no load’ condition. With the Ph 12/600 and Ph 24/800 models you have the possibility to use the build in “economy” mode as is detailed in the next chapter. WARNING WARNING victron energy IF THE INVERTER SWITCHES TO AN ‘ERROR MODE’ (SEE CHAPTER 3.1) DUE TO AN OVERLOAD OR SHORT CIRCUIT, THE INVERTER WILL AUTOMATICALLY RESTART AFTER ABOUT 18 SECONDS. In case of an over-temperature error, the inverter will automatically restart after it has reached an acceptable temperature. Just before the inverter restarts, it will warn you with a short beep. NEVER TOUCH THE AC CONNECTIONS WHEN THE INVERTER IS STILL RUNNING IN AN ERROR MODE! THE BUILT IN LARGE ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS CAN HOLD SIGNIFICANT DC VOLTAGE WHEN THE BATTERIES ARE DISCONNECTED. To avoid sparks or short inverter operation, it is advisable to switch on the inverter for 10 seconds after battery disconnection, before you transport the inverter. manual 11 1.6 Using “economy” mode on the Ph 12/600 and Ph 24/800 To reduce it’s own power consumption (with 80..90%) when no load is powered at the output, the 600VA and 800VA inverters are equipped with a sophisticated Load Detection System. This system detects whether or not power is needed from the AC output. The amount of power that needs to be detected in order to jump to economby mode, is adjustable from 3 to 30W with the ‘load sense level’ potentiometer on the front panel. The Ph 12/600 and Ph 24/800 models can operate in two modes, the continuous mode and the economy mode. When the ‘load sense level’ potmeter is fully turned counter clockwise, the inverter operates in the continuous mode (blue AC-present LED is continuously on) even when there is no load connected. In this mode there is always an output voltage present, which causes the inverter to draw more power from the batteries. To set up the economy mode, turn the ‘load sense level’ potmeter clockwise until the blue LED starts to flash. After about 5 seconds the flashing stops and the inverter operates in the economy mode. This means that once per second a narrow pulse of 230V is generated at the output to check whether there’s a load applied. Every time this 230V pulse is generated the blue LED is activated too, in order to indicate that there’s a lethal AC voltage present at the output. When a load exceeding the adjusted load sense level is connected, the inverter switches to the continuous mode immediately, delivering power to the load. When the load is disconnected (or switched off) the blue LED starts flashing for 5 seconds and the inverter switches back to the economy mode. Note that some loads like TV/video equipment (with standby mode) and alarm clocks need continuous power so that the standby mode can not be used. With some small non compensated loads it is possible that the inverter switches from continuous mode to economy mode and vice versa all the time. In this case you have to connect an additional load to the AC output. The adjusted load sense level can slightly change with DC input voltage and temperature. 12 manual victron energy 2. TROUBLESHOOTING 2.1 The flash sequence table Your Phoenix inverter is equipped with a self-diagnosis system, to inform you about the cause of inverter shut down. To make this visible the error/power LED (Ph 12/300 and Ph 24/350 models) or red error/overload LED (Ph 12/600 and Ph 24/800 models) on the front panel of the inverter, can flash in four different sequences. The duration, or time period, of this sequence is about 1 second. During this time period the red LED can flash four times in a row at most. The number of flashes in this time period indicates the cause of inverter shut down. In the table below you can find out what kind of flashing sequence belongs to which error. Red LED conditions: =LED flashing =LED ON =LED OFF Time period ERROR/ALARM TYPE Battery voltage too low or too high ( One flash per second ) Overloaded or shorted output ( Two flashes per second ) Inverter temperature too high. Cooling down ( Three flashes per second ) Reserved ( Four flashes per second ) Ph12/300, Ph24/350 models: ON, inverter in normal operation Ph12/600, Ph24/800 models: Overload, output in ‘current limit’ victron energy manual 13 2.2 Acoustic messages The inverter is equipped with an acoustic alarm. There are three kinds of acoustic messages depending on the possible cause of inverter shutdown. These messages are related to the red LED flashing sequences mentioned previously. Message 1: One beep per second. The battery voltage has reached too low or too high a level. Message 2: Two beeps per second. The inverter will shut down soon due to an overloaded output. Note that with very heavy overloads the alarm will not sound due to fast inverter shut down. Message 3: Three beeps per second. The inverter will shut down when its temperature has risen another three degrees Celsius. 2.3 Troubleshooting guidelines PROBLEM : Inverter is not working (Power /AC Present LED OFF) Possible cause : Remedy : Power switch in OFF (0) position. Push the power switch to the ON (I) position. Poor contact between the Clean battery terminals or inverter inverter’s battery wires and the wire contacts. Tighten battery battery terminals. terminal screws. Blown inverter fuse. Replace damaged fuse with the correct type. Make sure you disconnect the battery before changing the fuse. The Ph 12/600 and Ph 24/800 has to be returned for service. Very poor battery condition. Replace battery. 14 manual victron energy PROBLEM : ‘Battery voltage too low or too high’ error keeps on appearing Possible cause : Remedy : Poor battery condition. Poor connection or inadequate wiring between battery and inverter, resulting in too much voltage drop. Replace battery or charge it first. When extending the battery wires of the inverter make sure you use the correct wire gauge (≥ 1.5 times larger than the fixed battery wires). It’s not advisable to extend the battery wires to more than 3 meters. Check your electrical system or consult an electrical engineer to check it for you. General failure in your electrical system (in case of no direct battery connection). PROBLEM : ‘Overloaded or shorted output’ error keeps on appearing Possible cause : Inverter is overloaded. Connected equipment features a bad power factor (cosϕ at sinusoidal currents). Connected equipment causes a short circuit at the inverter’s output. victron energy Remedy : Make sure that the total power rating of the connected equipment is lower than the nominal inverter power rating. Reduce the required power consumption of the load. Please note that, for example, a computer load features a bad power factor, which causes a reduction of the maximum output power of the inverter by approx. 20%. Make sure that the connected equipment is not broken or malfunctioning. Check if the AC power cord between the inverter and the connected equipment is OK. Any physical damage on the power cord can produce a short circuit. Be careful in these situations!. manual 15 On the Ph 12/600 and Ph 24/800 Try to power-up connected models the red LED stays on at equipment successively, and not load start-up. simultaneously. Or connect the load first and then turn-on the inverter. Otherwise stop using the connected load, it’s not suitable to drive it with this inverter. PROBLEM : ‘Inverter temperature too high. Cooling down’ error keeps on appearing Possible cause : Remedy : Airflow around the inverter is obstructed. Make sure there is at least 10 centimetres of clearance around the inverter. Remove any items placed on or over the inverter. Keep the inverter away from direct sunlight or heat producing equipment. Too high ambient temperature. Move the inverter to a cooler place or provide additional cooling by an external fan. Note: Don’t turn-off the inverter when it’s operating in an ‘Inverter temperature too high. Cooling down’ error. The inverter needs this error time to cool down. 16 manual victron energy Ph 12/600 and Ph 24/800 only : PROBLEM : Inverter jumps between continuous mode and economy mode all the time Possible cause : Remedy : Too tightly adjusted economy load sense level. Turn the load sense level potmeter a little clockwise. Please note that the adjusted load sense level is slightly dependent on input voltage and temperature. Connected load is not Connect an additional load to the compensated or the ratio between output. inrush current and continuous current is too large. If none of the above remedies helps to solve the problem you encounter, contact your local Victron Energy distributor for further help and/or possible repair of your inverter. Do not open the inverter yourself, there are dangerous high voltages present inside. Opening the inverter will directly void your 12 months warranty period. victron energy manual 17 3. TECHNICAL DATA 3.1 Phoenix 12/300 and Phoenix 24/350 TECHNICAL DATA 4) Phoenix 12/300 Phoenix 24/350 300VA 350VA 225W 300W 215W 275W 500W 600W 230Vac ± 2% or 115vac ± 2% 50Hz ± 0.05% or 60Hz ± 0.05% True sinewave Maximum 5% 3) 0.6 – 1 Cont. output at 25°C Cont. output power at 25°C 1) Cont. output power at 40°C 1) Peak power Output voltage Output frequency Output waveform Total harmonic distortion Admissible cos ϕ of load Input voltage : Nominal 12Vdc 24Vdc 2) 2) Range 10.5 - 15.5Vdc 21 – 31Vdc Maximum efficiency 90% 91% No load power consumption at < 3.5W < 4.5W nominal input voltage Operating temperature range 0 - 40 °C (ambient) Protections against Short circuit, overload, high temperature and low battery voltage Indications (by prePower on, short circuit/overload, high programmed flashing temperature and high/low battery voltage sequences of the power LED) DC input connection Two wires, length 1.5 meters, ∅ 4mm² AC output connection IEC-320 AC outlet Enclosure body size (l x h x w) 177 x 90 x 150 Total weight 3.1 kg 3.5 kg The inverter complies with the EN50081-1 Generic Emissions Standard following standards : EN50082-1 Generic Immunity Standard EN60950 Safety Standard EN60742 Transformer Standard 18 manual victron energy 3.2 Phoenix 12/600 and Phoenix 24/800 TECHNICAL DATA 4) Phoenix 12/600 Phoenix 24/800 600VA 800VA 500W 650W 450W 600W 900W 1500W 230Vac ± 2% or 115vac ± 2% 50Hz ± 0.05% or 60Hz ± 0.05% True sinewave Maximum 5% 3) 0.6 – 1 Cont. output at 25°C Cont. output power at 25°C 1) Cont. output power at 40°C 1) Peak power Output voltage Output frequency Output waveform Total harmonic distortion Admissible cos ϕ of load Input voltage : Nominal 12Vdc 24Vdc 2) 2) Range 10.5 - 15.5Vdc 21 – 31Vdc Maximum efficiency 92% 94% No load power consumption at < 4W < 4.6W nominal input voltage No load power consumption at < 0.4W < 0.7W nominal input voltage with standby mode activated Load sense level range 3 - 30W Operating temperature range 0 - 40 °C (ambient) Protections against Short circuit, overload, high temperature and low battery voltage Error indications (by preShort circuit/overload, high temperature and programmed flashing high/low battery voltage sequences of the red LED) Remaining indications Overload (red LED) AC Present (blue LED) DC input connection two wires, length 1.5 meters, ∅ 10mm² AC output connection SCHUKO type AC outlet Enclosure body size (l x h x w) 228 x 108 x 185 Total weight 6.2 kg 6.5 kg The inverter complies with the EN50081-1 Generic Emissions Standard following standards : EN50082-1 Generic Immunity Standard EN60950 Safety Standard EN60742 Transformer Standard Note : the given specifications are subject to change without notice victron energy manual 19 1) 2) 3) 4) Measured with resistive load. Undervoltage limit is dynamic. This limit decreases with increasing load to compensate the voltage drop across cables and connections. Measured with nominal load at Ta=25ºC and at nominal input and outputvoltage. Non linear load, crest factor 3:1 3.3 Enclosure dimensions Ph 12/300 and Ph 24/350 See page 82. 3.4 Enclosure dimensions Ph 12/600 and Ph 24/800 See page 83. 20 manual victron energy 4. BATTERY CAPACITY 4.1 Calculation of the minimum required battery capacity If the power ratings of the equipment to be powered by the Phoenix inverter and the duration that the inverter is expected to power the equipment are known, the minimum battery capacity can be calculated. Make a list of all equipment to be powered by the Phoenix inverter and sum up each single power consumption multiplied by the duration of time in hours, during which power will be consumed (Watt-hours). Add the internal loss of the Phoenix inverter. The calculation on the internal loss is a two step process. First we calculate the loss when the inverter is supplying power to a load. The efficiency of the inverter in this state is 85%, adding roughly 15% to the power consumption. When the inverter is not supplying power to a load, power consumption is approximately 4,5 W. Determine the number of Ah by dividing the power consumption by the nominal battery voltage (for example 24 VDC). The result is the total battery capacity-consumption in Ah's. Multiply this value with a safety factor of 1,7 and the result is the recommended minimum battery capacity. victron energy manual 21 22 manual victron energy
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