Motorola BLE100 Installation and Operation Manual

Installation and

Operation Manual

BLE100

1GHz Broadband Line Extender

4

5

2

1

6

IN

A

S

S

E

M L

E

D

M

E X

I

C

O

3

Caution

These servicing instructions are for use by qualified personnel only. To reduce the risk of electrical shock, do not perform any servicing other than that contained in the Installation and Troubleshooting Instructions unless you are qualified to do so. Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel.

Special Symbols That Might Appear on the Equipment

This symbol indicates that dangerous voltage levels are present within the equipment. These voltages are not insulated and may be of sufficient strength to cause serious bodily injury when touched. The symbol may also appear on schematics.

The exclamation point, within an equilateral triangle, is intended to alert the user to the presence of important installation, servicing, and operating instructions in the documents accompanying the equipment.

For continued protection against fire, replace all fuses only with fuses having the same electrical ratings marked at the location of the fuse.

FCC Compliance

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the Installation Manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his/her own expense. Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by Motorola could void the user’s authority to operate this equipment under the rules and regulations of the FCC.

Canadian Compliance

This Class A digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe A respects toutes les exigences du Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada.

Declaration of Conformity

101 Tournament Drive

Horsham, PA 19044, U.S.A. declare under our sole responsibility that the

STARLINE

®

Model to which this declaration relates is in conformity with one or more of the following standards:

EMC Standards

EN55022

Safety Standards

EN60065

EN55024

EN60825

EN50083-2

EN60950

CISPR-22 CISPR-24

IEC 60950 + A1: 1992 + A2: 1993 + A3: 1995 + A4: 1996 following the provisions of the Directive(s) of the Council of the European Union:

EMC Directive 89/336/EEC Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC

Copyright © 2006 by Motorola, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative work (such as translation, transformation or adaptation) without written permission from Motorola, Inc.

Motorola reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes in content from time to time without obligation on the part of Motorola to provide notification of such revision or change. Motorola provides this guide without warranty of any kind, either implied or expressed, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Motorola may make improvements or changes in the product(s) described in this manual at any time.

MOTOROLA, Intelligence Everywhere and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2006

Contents

Section 1

Introduction

Using This Manual ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1-3

Related Documentation................................................................................................................................................................... 1-3

Document Conventions................................................................................................................................................................... 1-3

If You Need Help............................................................................................................................................................................... 1-4

Calling for Repairs ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1-5

Section 2

Overview

Ordering Matrix ................................................................................................................................................................................ 2-2

Housing............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2-3

Gaskets ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2-4

Port Locations .................................................................................................................................................................................. 2-5

Power Supply ................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-6

Forward Path .................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-7

Return Path....................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-7

Ingress Control Switch.................................................................................................................................................................... 2-8

Options and Accessories................................................................................................................................................................ 2-8

Section 3

Amplifier Setup

Proper Handling Procedures .......................................................................................................................................................... 3-1

Field Practice........................................................................................................................................................................... 3-1

Bench Setup ............................................................................................................................................................................ 3-1

Forward Path Alignment.................................................................................................................................................................. 3-2

Before You Begin .................................................................................................................................................................... 3-2

STARLINE Cable Equalizers .................................................................................................................................................. 3-3

Example 1........................................................................................................................................................................ 3-3

Example 2........................................................................................................................................................................ 3-3

STARLINE Cable Simulators.................................................................................................................................................. 3-6

Input and Midstage Pads........................................................................................................................................................ 3-7

Flatness Control...................................................................................................................................................................... 3-7

Directional Coupler Test Points............................................................................................................................................. 3-8

Bode Equalization ................................................................................................................................................................... 3-8

BLE100 Installation and Operation Manual

ii

Contents

Amplifier Level Control ...........................................................................................................................................................3-9

Manual Gain Control.......................................................................................................................................................3-9

Automatic Drive Unit/QAM Automatic Drive Unit ......................................................................................................3-11

ADU/QADU Pads and Levels .......................................................................................................................................3-12

Return Path Alignment...................................................................................................................................................................3-12

Before You Begin...................................................................................................................................................................3-12

Alignment Procedure ............................................................................................................................................................3-13

Powering and Surge Protection....................................................................................................................................................3-14

Section 4

Bench Testing

Before You Begin..............................................................................................................................................................................4-1

Test Equipment and Connections ..................................................................................................................................................4-2

Measuring Forward Gain.........................................................................................................................................................4-2

Example: ..........................................................................................................................................................................4-3

Example: ..........................................................................................................................................................................4-3

Testing Return Gain and Response.......................................................................................................................................4-4

Example: ..........................................................................................................................................................................4-4

Completing the Test Procedures ...........................................................................................................................................4-4

Section 5

Installation

Aerial Installation..............................................................................................................................................................................5-1

Pedestal Installation.........................................................................................................................................................................5-3

Section 6

Operating Tips

Using Amplifiers in Lower Frequency Systems ............................................................................................................................6-1

Using Amplifiers in Lower Gain Systems ......................................................................................................................................6-1

Appendix A

Specifications

Model BLE100S................................................................................................................................................................................A-1

AC Current........................................................................................................................................................................................A-2

Return Amplifier...............................................................................................................................................................................A-2

ADU Automatic Drive Unit ..............................................................................................................................................................A-2


Contents iii

Appendix B

Torque Specifications

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Figures

Figure 1-1 BLE100 – closed ........................................................................................................................................................... 1-1

Figure 1-2 BLE100 – open .............................................................................................................................................................. 1-2

Figure 2-1 BLE100 base with electronics module ....................................................................................................................... 2-1

Figure 2-2 BLE100 ordering matrix ............................................................................................................................................... 2-2

Figure 2-3 BLE-HSG/15 housing and dimensions ....................................................................................................................... 2-3

Figure 2-4 Housing gaskets ........................................................................................................................................................... 2-4

Figure 2-5 Housing ports................................................................................................................................................................ 2-5

Figure 2-6 BLE100 power supply .................................................................................................................................................. 2-6

Figure 2-7 BLE100 block diagram ................................................................................................................................................. 2-7

Figure 2-8 BLE100 options and accessories.............................................................................................................................. 2-10

Figure 3-1 Equalizer slope versus cable....................................................................................................................................... 3-5

Figure 3-2 Frequency versus cable slope .................................................................................................................................... 3-7

Figure 3-3 LDR/9/1G component layout (top-left, bottom-right) ................................................................................................ 3-8

Figure 3-4 ADU .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3-11

Figure 3-5 QADU ........................................................................................................................................................................... 3-11

Figure 4-1 Test equipment connections for bench sweeping .................................................................................................... 4-2

Figure 5-1 Center-conductor pin length ....................................................................................................................................... 5-1

Figure 5-2 Torque sequence .......................................................................................................................................................... 5-2

Tables

Table 2-1 BLE100 options and accessories ................................................................................................................................. 2-8

Table 3-1 Starline Forward Equalizers – SFE-100-* ..................................................................................................................... 3-4

Table 3-2 STARLINE Cable Simulators......................................................................................................................................... 3-6

Table 3-3 Gain reserve versus ambient temperature .................................................................................................................. 3-9


Section 1

Introduction

The Motorola 1 GHz STARLINE

®

series of broadband line extenders, BLE100, accept a single input and provide 34 dB of operational gain to a single output. The BLE100 series of line extenders meets Telcordia GR-1098 core voltage surge requirements using surge waveforms as described in IEEE C62.41. The BLE100 is also FCC, CE, and CCC approved.

Features of the BLE100 include:

1003 MHz power doubling technology in enhanced gallium arsenide (E-GaAs)

Four different modular diplex filter frequency split options

Ergonomics

60/90 VAC line power option

Thermal and auto-controlled Bode equalization

−

20 dB directional coupler test points

Optional return path ingress control accessories

Two-way operation capability

15-amp power passing

Figure 1-1 illustrates a closed BLE100 line extender.

Figure 1-1

BLE100 – closed

2

4 6

5

IN

A

S

SE

MBLE

D

M E X I C

O

1

3


1-2

Introduction

Figure 1-2 illustrates an open BLE100.

Figure 1-2

BLE100 – open

-20dB

SFE-100-XX

IN

-20dB

H

L

ALIGN DOTS

FWD

EQ

JXP IN

FUSE

JXP MID

MAN

MAN

RC

LDR

+24V DC

TEST POINT

RCB100

BLE 100

87

S

J

A

K

N

BODE

AC

TEST

POINT

FUSE

ADU

AUTO

STATUS

MONITOR

RTN

EQ

JXP

THERM

TDU

JXP OUT

ICS

CAUTION: CONTAINS PARTS AND

ASSEMBLIES SUSCEPTIBLE TO

DAMAGE BY ELECTROSTATIC

DISCHARGE (ESD)

-16dB

ADU

JXP

CHECK VOLTAGE

SELECTOR

REFER TO MANUAL

JXP

IN

ADU

-20dB

ASSEMBLED IN MEXICO

STATUS

MONITOR

REFER TO

MANUAL FOR

FUSE VALUES

H

L

-20dB

OUT

Base

Lid


Introduction 1-3

Using This Manual

The following sections provide information and instructions to bench test, install, and operate the BLE100.

Section 1 Introduction

provides a brief description of the product, identifies the information contained in this manual, and gives the help line telephone number and repair return information.

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

Section 5

Section 6

Appendix A

Appendix B


Overview

describes the BLE100 and includes details on the various options and their functions.

Amplifier Setup

provides instructions for full configuration and forward- and return-path alignment.

Bench Testing

describes the bench test procedures that are recommended before installing the BLE100.

Installation

provides instructions for installing the BLE100 and performing field alignment.

Operating Tips

provides suggestions for handling field-encountered variables and addressing maintenance tasks.

Specifications

lists the applicable technical specifications for the BLE100 and options.


provides the appropriate torque specifications for the screws, clamps, connectors, and bolts used in the BLE100.

The


list contains the full spelling of the short forms used in this manual.

This installation manual assumes that all channels are standard National Television Standards

Committee (NTSC) analog channels. Refer to catalog specifications for further details pertaining to signal levels of digital channels above 550 MHz.

This installation manual uses 1003 MHz as the reference frequency unless another frequency is given. For example, quoted cable loss is understood to be at 1003 MHz.

Related Documentation

This installation manual is complete and you should not require any additional documentation to install, test, or operate the BLE100 line extender.

Document Conventions

Before you begin to use the BLE100, familiarize yourself with the stylistic conventions used in this manual:

Bold type

SMALL CAPS

Indicates text that you must type exactly as it appears or indicates a default value

Denotes silk screening on the equipment, typically representing front and rear-panel controls, I/O connections and indicators (LEDs).

* (Asterisk) Indicates that there are several versions of the same model number and the information applies to all models. When the information applies to a specific model, the complete model number is given.

Italic type

Denotes a displayed variable, a variable that you must type, or is used for emphasis


1-4

Introduction

If You Need Help

If you need assistance while working with the BLE100, contact the Motorola Technical Response

Center (TRC):

Inside the U.S.:

888-944-HELP

(1-888-944-4357)

Outside the U.S.:

215-323-0044

Motorola Online: http://businessonline.motorola.com

The TRC is on call 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. In addition, Motorola Online offers a searchable solutions database, technical documentation, and low-priority issue creation and tracking.

Technical Response Center

Telephone Menu Options

888-944-HELP / 215-323-0044

Video Products

PRESS 1

Connected Home Solutions http://businessonline.motorola.com

Broadcaster,

Satellite IRD or

Encoder Products

PRESS 2

PRESS 1

Commercial

IRD

PRESS 2

Uplink

Encoder

PRESS 1

Controllers

PRESS 1

Digital

PRESS 2

Analog

PRESS 2

Headend

PRESS 3

Set-tops

Data Networks/

Transmission Products

PRESS 3

Consumer

Products

PRESS 4

PRESS 1

Cable Router

Products

PRESS 2

Cable Modems

VOIP

Severity Level

1 - Critical Failure

2 - Serious Failure

3 - Lesser Failure

4 - Technical Assistance

PRESS 3

Transmission

Products

PRESS 4

Network

Management

PRESS 5

Multiservice

Transport

Products

(MBT/MWT/MEA)

PRESS 1

Network

Licensing

PRESS 2

Network

Management

Products

PRESS 1

Consumer

Satellite

C Band

PRESS 2

Broadband

Retail

Support

Issued: 04/2005


Introduction 1-5

Calling for Repairs

If repair is necessary, call the Motorola Repair Facility at

1-800-227-0450

for a Return for

Service Authorization (RSA) number before sending the unit. The RSA number must be prominently displayed on all equipment cartons. The Repair Facility is open from 8:00 AM to

5:00 PM Central Time, Monday through Friday.

When calling from outside the United States, use the appropriate international access code and then call

956-541-0600

to contact the Repair Facility.

When shipping equipment for repair, follow these steps:

1

2

3

4

Pack the unit securely.

Enclose a note describing the exact problem.

Enclose a copy of the invoice that verifies the warranty status.

Ship the unit

PREPAID

to the following address:

BCS Nogales Repair Center

Attn: RSA #_________

6908 East Century Park Drive

Tucson, AZ 85706

US


Section 2

Overview

The BLE100 is a two-way capable line extender used in CATV distribution systems. The

BLE100 is powered by the 60/90 VAC cable supply and can be configured to pass this power to additional line extenders. Installation of the return path enables two-way signal flow.

The standard model BLE100 includes an amplifier module with an integrated DC power supply, which is normally furnished complete in the model BLE-HSG/15 housing, as shown in

Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1

BLE100 base with electronics module

-20dB

SFE-100-XX

IN

-20dB

H

L

ALIGN DOTS

FWD

EQ

JXP IN

MAN

+24V DC

TEST POINT

JXP MID

MAN

AUTO

STATUS

MONITOR

RC

RCB100

BLE

LDR

AC

TEST

POINT

FUSE

BODE

100

87

S

J

A

K

N

ADU

FUSE

RTN

EQ

JXP

THERM

TDU

JXP OUT

ICS




DISCHARGE (ESD)

-16dB

ADU

JXP

CHECK VOLTAGE

SELECTOR

REFER TO MANUAL

H

L

JXP

IN

ADU

-20dB

ASSEMBLED IN MEXICO

STATUS

MONITOR

REFER TO

MANUAL FOR

FUSE VALUES

-20dB

OUT


2-2

Overview

Ordering Matrix

Several models of the BLE100 are available. The BLE100 is fully configured in the Motorola factory per customer request. You can find the model name on labels on the outside of the shipping carton, the side of the BLE100 housing, and the side of the electronics module.

Please see the Product Data Sheet on the Motorola on line Product Catalog for available models and associated part numbers.

Figure 2-2 identifies and describes the model strings.

Figure 2-2

BLE100 ordering matrix

Key

H

Gain

E-GaAs (High Output w/34 dB Gain)

BLE

Key

100S

100K

100A

100J

100N

Bandpass Split

5-40 MHz/52-1003 MHz

5-42 MHz/54-1003 MHz

5-65 MHz/85-1003 MHz

5-55 MHz/70-1003 MHz

5-85 MHz/105-1003 MHz

Key

X

A

Q

Level Control

None

ADU-499.25/S

QADU-609.00/S

Key

X

Station Slope

9 dB (Fmin-1003 MHz)

Key

X

Return Gain

High (24 dB)

Key

F

E15

E10

Housing*

Standard (Full Station)

Electronics only (15 amp)

Electronics only (10 amp)

* Electronics modules available are configured for manual level control only.

The ADU must be ordered and installed separately.

Notes:

1. FTECs and 20A fuses are included in all amplifiers as standard.

2. ICS and status monitor transponders will continue to be customer configurable options.


Overview 2-3

Housing

The BLE100 is furnished in a BLE-HSG/15 aluminum housing that protects the electronics from weather and dissipates internally generated heat.

Figure 2-3 illustrates the BLE-HSG/15 housing and provides its dimensions.

Figure 2-3

BLE-HSG/15 housing and dimensions

10.6

2

4 6

S

SE

MBLE

D

IN

M E X I C

O 8.0

3 5

1

4.7

Coaxial cable connections to the housing are made using conventional 5/8 inch

×

24 threads per-inch stinger-type connectors. Four port plugs in the cover enable access to internal test points without opening the housing.

The BLE-HSG/15 differs from the housing of the 10A BLE (model BLE-75SH and BLE-75JH) and the JLX series of line extenders. However, you can upgrade the 10A BLE and the JLX series of line extenders to the 15A BLE100 using the existing housing. To upgrade from 10A to

15A, use the BLE-15A platform assembly kit (P/N 951941-006-00). The BLE-15A kit contains

15A platform assemblies. As an alternative to the kit, you can order the BLE100 electronics module configured as a 10A unit (see Fig.2-2 BLE100 ordering matrix, Housing).

Two messenger clamps are located on the side of the housing (Figure 2-5) and are secured with

5/16 inch

×

24 threads-per-inch stainless steel bolts. The bottom of the housing also contains two

5/16

×

24 threaded holes located on the vertical center-line separated by four inches center-to-center. Use these holes and the bolts from the messenger clamps for pedestal and surface-mounting installations.


2-4

Overview

Gaskets

Each housing is equipped with a recessed woven-wire RF gasket and a silicone-rubber gasket to provide a seal between the housing base and lid. These gaskets provide efficient ground continuity, RF shielding, and weather protection. Both gaskets must be in place and in good condition to ensure proper operation and protection of the station. The weather gasket should be lightly coated with silicone grease each time the BLE100 is opened. Replace this gasket if it becomes damaged or deformed.

Figure 2-4

Housing gaskets

Weather gasket

(silicone rubber)

-20dB

SFE-100-XX

IN

ALIGN DOTS

FWD

EQ

JXP IN

FUSE

MAN

JXP MID

MAN

AUTO

STATUS

MONITOR

RC

+24V DC

TEST POINT

RCB100

BLE 100

87

S

J

A

K

N

LDR

AC

TEST

POINT

FUSE

BODE

ADU

-20dB

H

L

RTN

EQ

JXP

THERM

TDU

JXP OUT

ICS




DISCHARGE (ESD)

-16dB

ADU

JXP

CHECK VOLTAGE

SELECTOR

REFER TO MANUAL

JXP

IN

ADU

-20dB

ASSEMBLED IN MEXICO

STATUS

MONITOR

REFER TO

MANUAL FOR

FUSE VALUES

H

L

-20dB

OUT


RF gasket

(woven wire)

Overview 2-5

Port Locations

Two housing ports provide connection for coaxial cables. Four port plugs in the cover enable access to internal test points. All ports are protected by factory-inserted threaded plugs or plastic cap plugs. Discard the plastic cap plugs when you install the cable connectors.

Figure 2-5 illustrates the housing port locations.

Figure 2-5

Housing ports

2

4 6

Test ports

5

1

Messenger clamp bolts

IN

A

SS

EMBLE

D

M E X I C

O

Test ports

3

Port 1

Lid

Port 2


2-6

Overview

Power Supply

The BLE100 power supply is a separate circuit board mounted to the underside of the amplifier module and is capable of 60 VAC or 90 VAC powering. The power supply provides a regulated

24 VDC output over an AC input between 38 Vrms and 90 Vrms with a line frequency from

50 Hz through 60 Hz. Potentiometer R25 adjusts the output voltage to 24 VDC, however, this is set at the factory and field adjustment is not recommended.

Figure 2-6 illustrates the components on the power supply.

Figure 2-6

BLE100 power supply

The power supply also contains a two-position

LO

/

HI

selector that sets the

start-up voltage

for

38 VAC or 55 VAC. The BLE100 is shipped with the selector in the

LO

position which is the standard configuration. The selector should be switched to the

HI

position only for a 90 VAC system. This sets the start-up voltage at 55 VAC. Because this is only 5 V below 60 VAC, it is not practical in a 60 VAC system. There is no damage to the amplifier if the selector is not changed from the standard

LO

setting. However, changing the selector ensures that the DC supply does not turn on until the proper input voltage, 38 VAC or 55 VAC, is reached. This prevents excessive loading of the system power supply during turn-on after a system shutdown.

You must remove the power supply cover to access the selector illustrated in Figure 2-6.

Section 3, “Amplifier Setup” explains changing the setting of this selector to meet system requirements.

The power supply includes a fast-transfer electronic-crowbar (FTEC) surge protector. The FTEC is a crowbar circuit that fires at approximately 245 V and presents a short circuit to the line during periods of overvoltage. After the ac input voltage returns to normal, the FTEC resumes its open state.

The factory-installed 20-ampere fuse, illustrated in Figure 2-8, provides power-passing to additional line extenders.


Overview 2-7

Forward Path

The operational gain of the BLE100 amplifiers is 34 dB with 16 dB of return loss. The operating gain includes provisions for the insertion loss of the input cable equalizer and required reserve gain to operate the Bode equalizer in the middle of its range. The low-noise figure, pre-amplifier stage, is a 1 GHz hybrid followed by a power-doubled output stage. Between the two stages is a

JXP-*B pad socket, the Bode board, and the flatness and equalizer board. Because these losses are located interstage, the noise figure is only significantly impacted by the insertion loss of the forward cable equalizer or broadband cable simulator, and the input pad if its value is increased from zero.

Figure 2-7 illustrates the interconnection among these components:

Figure 2-7

BLE100 block diagram

Input port

RF/

AC

AC

RF

-1.7

dB F

-1.0

dB R

-20 dB

TP

-1.0 dB

SFE or

SCS

JXP-B

28 dB

PP

~ -3 dB

JXP-B

OnBrd

Atten

RC

-1.0 dB -6.5 dB 23 dB

LDR BODE PD

H

L

-1.0 dB

-1.0 dB

Manual

ADU/

TDU

Auto

Status monitor

JXP-B

-0.4 dB

Surge protector

-0.5 dB

SRE Therm JXP-B

-

+30.0 dB -0.3 dB

LPF

-0.4 dB

-16 dB

ICS JXP

Surge protector

TP

-20 dB

AC test point

Power supply

24 Vdc

DC test point

Power

Block

Jumper

Fuse

** Plug-in module

-1.0 dB

-1.0 dB

H

L

OnBrd

Atten

-1.7

dB F

-1.0

dB R

-0.4 dB

JXP-B

TP

Return injection point

-20 dB

RF

AC

RF/

Output port

AC

TP

-20 dB

FTEC

Return Path

The circuit board of the BLE100 includes the return path. This equips the BLE100 to pass signals in the return or upstream direction. The standard circuit board contains all components including the diplex filters with extended return bandwidth for the amplifier input and output.

Optional SRE-*-* return equalizers compensate for cable attenuation and are available in 1 dB increments for S-split, and 2 dB increments for all other splits, from 0 dB through 12 dB.


2-8

Overview

The input and output of the return path each include a JXP-*B pad facility. You can also use either pad socket as a test point or a signal injection point. The return output pad value is normally selected to control the return signal level into the next upstream amplifier. Select an appropriate return input pad to attenuate excessive input signal.

The return-input test point and the return-output test point are

−

20 dB directional couplers.

Both test points present 75-ohm source impedance and do not require special test probes.

Ingress Control Switch

The ingress control switch (ICS) provides return-path signal attenuation or cutoff in the

BLE100. This is accomplished through the frequency agile LIFELINE

®

status-monitoring module, which you can purchase directly from AM Networks. (Figure 2-8 illustrates the location of the optional ICS).

The ICS provides a means of isolating sources of ingress from a centralized location. Using a downstream command through the LIFELINE status-monitoring system, you can attenuate the return path through the line extender by 6 dB or by 38 dB. By reducing the ingress level at the headend or monitoring point, you can further isolate the ingress source.

After an ingress source is isolated to the last possible amplifier, node, or line extender, you can shut the return path off at that location. This limits the impact of the ingress on the remainder of the network while eliminating the source of ingress.

Options and Accessories

The factory ships the BLE100 as a fully functional unit, but you must configure it appropriately for the field-location requirements. You must install the correct forward equalizer or broadband cable simulator and input pad to place the unit into service. Section 3, “Amplifier Setup” provides information to assist you in this task. Use model JXP-*B pads to control field signal levels. To compensate for temperature, install the automatic drive unit (ADU) or QAM automatic drive unit (QADU) before placing the BLE100 in service. You can install other items, such as return thermal attenuators or ingress control switches at your discretion, but these options do not render the BLE100 inoperative if they are not included.

Table 2-1 provides a comprehensive list of options and accessories for the BLE100. See

Section 3, “Amplifier Setup,” or the Motorola online product catalog for additional information.

Table 2-1

BLE100 options and accessories

Model Description

QADU-*

QAM Automatic Drive Unit

ADU-*

Automatic Drive Unit

Function

This board automatically controls amplifier output levels that change with cable attenuation and hybrid output.

The selection of an appropriate pilot frequency is required.

This board automatically controls amplifier output levels that change with cable attenuation and hybrid output.

The selection of an appropriate pilot frequency is required.


Overview 2-9

Model Description Function

SFE-100-*

SRE-*-*

SCS-*

JXP-*B

JXP-TH*C

FTEC

BLE-LID/SM

BLE-RCB100

JXP-RPC

ICS-II

Starline Forward Equalizer

Starline Return Equalizer

Starline Cable Simulator

Fixed attenuator

Thermal attenuators

This 1 GHz equalizer compensates for cable properties in 1 dB increments from 0 dB through 22 dB. The appropriate value must be installed.

This bandwidth specific equalizer compensates for cable attenuation in 1 dB increments from 0 dB through

12 dB for S-split (2 dB increments for all other splits).

The appropriate value must be installed.

This simulator compensates for cable properties. The appropriate value must be installed.

This pad attenuates excessive input signal and can be used to adjust amplifier gain. It is available in 1 dB increments from 0 dB through 26 dB. The appropriate value must be installed.

This option compensates for gain changes with temperature in the return path.

This accessory is used for overvoltage protection. Fast Transfer Electronic

Crowbar

Deep housing cover

Response Correction Board

This optional cover is required to contain the LIFELINE status monitor module which is available from AM

Networks.

This optional board compensates for system roll-off at

1 GHz. The BLE100 is shipped with a jumper in this location which you can replace when additional response correction is required.

Return Path Correction board This optional board provides additional flatness response correction in the return path for systems that must meet especially stringent return path flatness requirements.

Ingress Control Switch This option enables remote monitoring, isolation, and reduction of ingress on the return path by providing signal attenuation of 6 dB or cutoff of 38 dB typical. The unit is shipped with a jumper in this location. The

LIFELINE status monitoring module (available from AM

Networks) must be installed to control the ICS.

Figure 2-8 illustrates the location of options and accessories in the BLE100.


2-10

Overview

Figure 2-8 illustrates the location of options and accessories in the BLE100.

Figure 2-8

BLE100 options and accessories

Forward equalizer or

Cable simulator

(SFE- 100 - * or SCS- *)

TP forward input

Input pad

(JXP IN)

Midstage pad

(JXP MID)

Drive control select jumper

MAN/AUTO LDR

Optional

RCB (JXP jumper shown)

Manual level

(MAN)

DC test point

Bode board

ADU/QADU pad

(ADU JXP)

Diplex filter

TP forward output

(use for status monitor)

SFE-100-XX

ADU/

QADU

TP return output

Diplex filter

Power block

Return output pad

(JXP OUT)

AC test point

Return Optional Status equalizer

(SRE - * - *) thermal pad

(JXP THERM ) monitor connector

20 A fuse

Return hybrid

Auto level

(ADU)

From status monitor

Optional

ICS

(JXP jumper shown)

Return pad

(JXP IN)

TP return input

If you are not using an ADU/QADU, you can select manual control of the Bode board. Figure 2-8 illustrates the location of the

MAN

/

AUTO

jumper on the main circuit board.


Section 3

Amplifier Setup

This section provides instructions on how to properly handle and configure the BLE100. It also describes the proper forward and return path alignment procedures. It is recommended that you read this entire section before you install the BLE100.

Proper Handling Procedures

The following information is useful in reducing GaAs RF amplifier failures caused by

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) or Electrical Over Stress (EOS).

Many electronic components are vulnerable to ESD and EOS. Improper handling during service and installation can subject the BLE100 to performance degradation or failure. All closed operational units are equally protected. Compliance with proper handling procedures can significantly reduce ESD and EOS related failures.

To avoid excessive signal level which causes EOS, follow the procedures listed below:

Field Practice

Proper field procedures include:

Installing the system design value forward equalizer and a high value (20 dB or above) input pad before you install or remove the electronics chassis or activate the system. This significantly reduces RF signal level and avoids possible EOS which can damage the hybrids.

Leaving the input pad location open if a high value pad is not available. A more accurate forward input test point reading is achieved with a high value pad installed.

Avoiding handling of the hybrids. If you need to remove or install the hybrids, follow proper

ESD grounding practices as stated under Bench Setup.

Bench Setup

Proper bench handling practices include:

Grounding of the test bench with ESD matting on the work surface and wearing a wrist strap connected to a continuous ground monitor checker. These practices are particularly important when handling hybrids.

Terminating all unused ports with a 75-ohm load.

Securing all electronics module cover screws or removing the cover completely. Loose screws can cause the BLE100 to oscillate and degrade performance.


3-2

Amplifier Setup

To successfully setup the BLE100, you need to perform the following tasks:

Forward path alignment

Return path alignment

Check powering and surge protection options

Forward Path Alignment

You must perform the following BLE100 alignment procedures for proper performance in the forward path:

Select the appropriate cable equalizer or cable simulator

Select the appropriate input and midstage pads

Verify proper flatness control

Verify proper level control

Before You Begin

Before you begin to set-up the amplifier and perform forward-path alignment, please read the following instructions and recommendations.

For proper forward alignment obtain:

RF output levels and tilts of all BLE100s in the forward or return path

RF input level for the BLE100 being set up (from system design or as-built map)

A carrier at the system’s highest frequency. It can be modulated or continuous wave (CW) and should be inserted in the headend at standard video levels. This carrier is used to simplify field set-up.

It is recommended that you:

Install the system design value SFE-100-* and a high value (20 dB or above) input pad

(

JXP IN

) before you install or remove the electronics chassis or apply power to the BLE100.

Leave the

JXP IN

pad location open if a high value pad is not available. A more accurate forward input test point reading is achieved with a high value pad installed.

Do not remove the electronics chassis cover while the BLE100 is powered.

Do not use wire jumpers to bypass the SFE-100-* location.

Recognize that actual pad and SFE-100-* values may differ slightly from their design values. This is caused by factors such as walkout errors, worst-case data utilization during design and temperature variation from 70

°

F.

Secure the electronics chassis in the housing base and torque to 18-22 in-lbs. to facilitate heat transfer and avoid damage from overheating.

If the electronics chassis cover was removed for any reason, shut off the AC power before you reinstall the cover. Verify that all chassis cover screws are tightened to

10–12 in-lbs.

Perform a bench alignment. Pre-aligning the BLE100 response on the bench (Section 4,

“Bench Testing”) for a system signature simplifies field alignment.


Field-sweep the entire bandwidth of the amplifier to correct frequency response for passive signature and roll-off.

Close the housing in accordance with the instructions in Section 5, “Installation.”

STARLINE Cable Equalizers

Select the appropriate model SFE-100-* to compensate for cable attenuation versus frequency and to obtain the proper output tilt. The BLE100 is equipped with the LDR/9/1G interstage equalizer and flatness board that compensates for cable attenuation. Any cable or passive slope beyond that of the LDR must be compensated for by selecting and installing the appropriate

SFE-100-* cable equalizer.

Equalizers are available in 1 dB increments from 0 dB through 22 dB. The following examples describe how to choose the correct equalizer.

Example 1

The amplifier location includes 20 dB of cable (at 1 GHz) between its input and the preceding amplifier. Consider cable loss only. Exclude any flat loss due to splitters or other passive devices. The internal equalizer, model LDR/9/1G, compensates for approximately 9 dB of cable.

Subtract this cable length from the 20 dB of this example (20 – 9 = 11). The SFE-100-11 is the proper equalizer in this case. With this equalizer installed, the BLE100 reproduces the output tilt of the last upstream amplifier.

When selecting an equalizer, choose the next lower value if the exact value is not available or in cases where the calculated value makes two choices possible.

Example 2

The BLE100 is used in a link following a fiber node with flat output. There is 18 dB of cable between the node and the line extender, plus passive losses that are assumed to be flat. Which is the proper equalizer to achieve the 10 dB of output tilt?

In this case, calculate the equalizer value by using the following method:

SLOPEeq = TILTout + SIGlo – SIGhi – SLOPEieq where: SLOPEeq = required SFE-100 slope

TILTout = required amplifier output tilt

SIGlo = signal input level at channel 2

SIGhi = signal input level at 1 GHz

SLOPEieq = interstage equalizer slope (9 dB)

From various references, such as manufacturer’s catalogs, you can determine that 18 dB of cable at the operating frequency of 1003 MHz is 4 dB of loss at 54 MHz. This suggests that the channel 2 signal input level to the line extender is 14 dB greater (18 – 4 = 14) at channel 2 than it is at 1003 MHz. Our example assumes that the high-end frequency level into the amplifier is

+15 dBmV.

Substituting this information in equation (1) provides the following result:

10.0 dB + 29 dB – 15.0 dB – 9.0 dB = 15 dB


3-4

Amplifier Setup

Equalizer

Value

SFE-100-*

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

The slope of the required equalizer is 15 dB. Table 3-1 and Figure 3-1 show that 15 dB of slope is caused by approximately 20 dB of cable at 1003 MHz. Therefore the correct equalizer is model

SFE-100-20.


Table 3-1 helps you choose the correct equalizers and also lists insertion loss at various frequencies:

Table 3-1

Starline Forward Equalizers – SFE-100-*

Equalizer

Slope

Frequency (MHz) versus Insertion Loss (dB)

50 200 300 450 550 650 750 870 1003

12.1 13.1 9.3 7.6 5.4 4.2 3.1 2.1 1.0 1.3

10.6 11.6 8.2 6.7 4.9 3.8 2.8 1.9 1.0 1.3

7.6 8.6 6.2 5.1 3.8 3.0 2.3 1.7 1.0 1.3

6.1 7.1 5.1 4.3 3.2 2.6 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.3

4.6 5.6 4.1 3.5 2.7 2.2 1.8 1.4 1.0 1.3

3.0 4.0 3.1 2.6 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.3

1.5 2.5 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.3


Figure 3-1 illustrates a graph of the equalizer slope versus equalizer value information presented in Table 3-1. The amount of cable equals the equalizer value.

Figure 3-1

Equalizer slope versus cable

Slope versus Cable

14

12

10

8

22

20

18

16

6

4

2

0

0

1 GHz

2 4

6 8

10 dB of Equalizer Slope

12 14 16 18


Because of errors in cable attenuation, slope in passive devices, and other independent variables, you may need to change the final value of the equalizer before you install the

BLE100.


3-6

Amplifier Setup

STARLINE Cable Simulators

STARLINE cable simulators, model SCS-*, are used in place of fixed equalizers in systems where: (1) the amplifiers are located close together, (2) there are large amounts of flat loss from passive components, or (3) it is necessary to compensate for reverse cable tilt. The simulators fit in the same location as the equalizers.

Table 3-2 and Figure 3-2 help you choose the correct simulators.

Table 3-2

STARLINE Cable Simulators

SCS-*

Frequency

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Cable slope in dB

40 MHz

0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

45 MHz

50 MHz

72 MHz

108 MHz

150 MHz

211 MHz

250 MHz

300 MHz

350 MHz

400 MHz

0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

-0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0.7

-0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.8 -0.9 -1.0 -1.2 -1.3

-0.2 -0.5 -0.7 -0.9 -1.2 -1.4 -1.6 -1.9 -2.1 -2.3

-0.3 -0.7 -1.0 -1.4 -1.7 -2.1 -2.4 -2.8 -3.1 -3.5

-0.4 -0.8 -1.2 -1.7 -2.1 -2.5 -2.9 -3.3 -3.7 -4.1

-0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -1.9 -2.4 -2.9 -3.4 -3.9 -4.4 -4.9

-0.6 -1.1 -1.7 -2.2 -2.8 -3.3 -3.9 -4.4 -5.0 -5.5

450 MHz

550 MHz

750 MHz

870 MHz

-0.6 -1.2 -1.8 -2.5 -3.1 -3.7 -4.3 -4.9 -5.5 -6.2

-0.7 -1.4 -2.0 -2.7 -3.4 -4.1 -4.7 -5.4 -6.1 -6.8

-0.8 -1.6 -2.4 -3.2 -4.0 -4.8 -5.5 -6.3 -7.1 -7.9

-1.0 -2.0 -3.0 -4.0 -5.0 -6.0 -7.0 -8.0 -9.0 -10.0

1003 MHz

50 MHz loss (typical)

-1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0


The information in Table 3-2 is shown as a graph in Figure 3-2:

Figure 3-2

Frequency versus cable slope

-6

-7

-8

-9

-10

-11

-12

-13

-2

-3

-4

-5

1

0

-1

Frequency (MHz)

Input and Midstage Pads

Install Model JXP-*B pads to attenuate the signal per system design drawings. Generally, this consists of attenuating excessive input levels. You should pad the input to system levels for unity gain. Select and install the specified pad in the socket labeled

JXP

-

IN

on the chassis cover.

You can use the midstage pad (

JXP

-

MID

) to adjust the gain level and achieve the gain specification. Refer to Section 6, “Operating Tips,” for midstage padding information and recommendations.

Flatness Control

The LDR/9/1G circuit board includes flatness controls and a fixed cable equalizer for 1003 MHz.

This equalizer, plus the contribution of the hybrid gain stages, produces approximately the dB of slope indicated by the model number (9 dB of tilt with an LDR/9/1G).

You can adjust the LDR variable resistors and capacitors to flatten the response across the operating band. Use C1, C2, R1, and R2 on the LDR board shown in Figure 3-3 for low-end flatness response. The low-end flatness controls compensate for the roll-off caused by the diplex filters. Adjust C3 and R3 for a flat response across the mid-band. Adjust C7, C8, and R8 for a flat response across the band. Adjust C6 for maximum gain at the high end.

C1 produces a peak that is centered just below the lowest forward frequency and varied in amplitude by R1.

SCS-1

SCS-2

SCS-3

SCS-4

SCS-5

SCS-6

SCS-7

SCS-8

SCS-9

SCS-10


3-8

Amplifier Setup

C2 produces a peak that is centered approximately 50 MHz above the lowest forward frequency and varied in amplitude by R2.

C3 produces a peak that is centered approximately 300 MHz above the lowest forward frequency and varied in amplitude by R3. This adjustment provides more mid-band alignment flexibility.

C6 adjusts for maximum gain at Fmax (1003 MHz).

C7 and R8 adjust for the flattest response in the mid- to upper-portion of the band.

C8 adjusts for the flattest response in the low-to mid-range of the band.

L4, on the bottom of the LDR board, may slightly tune the upper portion of the response.

Excessive spreading of L4 will cause insertion loss to increase.

Figure 3-3

LDR/9/1G component layout (top-left, bottom-right)

Directional Coupler Test Points

Accurate

−

20 dB directional-coupler test points are available at the input and at the output of the BLE100. Because these test points are 75-ohm source impedance, they do not require special test probes.

After the output hybrid, a second directional coupler provides signal to the optional ADU board.

This signal is used only when the ADU board is installed. It is not necessary to terminate this port when the ADU is not installed. Do not remove the ADU pad even if there is no ADU installed. Removing the pad affects the test point at port

OUT

.

Bode Equalization

The Bode board, which is an electronically controlled equalizer, receives its control input from either the ADU or QADU control board. The response of the Bode board compensates for cable attenuation changes due to temperature. If necessary, you can control the Bode board manually using the potentiometer labeled Manual Level (

MAN

) in Figure 2-8.


Amplifier Level Control

Signal levels vary in a cable system primarily because cable attenuation changes with temperature. Other components such as passives and amplifier hybrids are also affected by temperature changes. To automatically compensate for these signal level fluctuations and control output level, you must select the optional ADU/QADU. For improved output level stability, use of the ADU/QADU is recommended.

When necessary and appropriate, you can also use manual gain control. The BLE100 gain is then determined by the potentiometer marked

MAN

on the electronics chassis cover.

Manual Gain Control

To use manual gain control:

1

2

Verify that the electronics chassis is installed correctly.

Ensure that there is continuity in the forward path by installing the design-value input equalizer and design value input JXP-*B attenuator.

3

Ensure that the drive control select jumper is in the

MAN

position.

4

Use a signal-level meter to measure the high band-edge carrier input level at the input test point: 750 MHz = channel 116, 870 MHz = channel 136, 1003 MHz = channel 158.

This carrier should be at standard analog level, non-scrambled.

5

Verify that the input level agrees with the design specification input.

If the level is different from design, adjust accordingly. For example: the design level is

19 dBmV at the highest frequency and the design pad value is JXP-3B. If the actual measured level is 21 dBmV, then you must change the pad to a JXP-5B.

If the actual levels are significantly different from the design levels, it is recommended that you investigate or consult system management before proceeding.

6

Connect the signal-level meter to the output test point and tune the meter to the high-end channel.

7

Turn the manual gain reserve (

MAN

) control (illustrated in Figure 2-8) to maximum (fully clockwise) and then reduce the output as noted in Table 3-3 below:

Table 3-3

Gain reserve versus ambient temperature

Above 110

°

F (43

°

C)

32

°

F (0

°

C) to 110

°

F (43

°

C)

Below 32

°

F (0

°

C)

3 dB

4 dB

5 dB


3-10

Amplifier Setup

8

Check the amplifier output tilt by measuring the high band- and low band-edge carriers.

High = channel 116 (745.25 MHz), channel 136 (865.25 MHz), or channel 158

(997.25 MHz)

Low = channel 2 (55.25 MHz) or channel 3 (61.25 MHz)

If the tilt is less than required, install a higher value input equalizer.

If the tilt is greater than required, install a lower value input equalizer.

If the high value equalizer provides too much tilt and the low value equalizer provides too little tilt, use the lower value equalizer. Under-equalization is preferred to over-equalization.

If the amplifier was set up using an SCS-*, the JXP input pad must be increased or decreased by the amount of change made in the SCS-* value. Therefore, to maintain a proper gain level, it is necessary to adjust the input pad value as follows:

For each increase in SCS value, decrease the input pad by 1 dB.

For each decrease in SCS value, increase the input pad by 1 dB.

If you replace an SFE with an SCS, reduce the value of the input pad by the value of the

SCS.

9

Measure the output level at the highest frequency.

It should be within 1 dB of the system design level. If it is not, you must adjust the mid-stage pad (

JXP MID

) accordingly. Refer to Section 6, “Operating Tips,” for mid-stage padding information and recommendations.


Automatic Drive Unit/QAM Automatic Drive Unit

The ADU and QADU operate by using surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters to select a pilot frequency and then monitor the amplitude of this frequency. Any change in signal level is fed back to the Bode equalizer. It is assumed that the encountered signal level changes are due to changes in cable attenuation and hybrid output associated with a change in temperature. The

Bode equalizer then changes its insertion loss to maintain a constant output level. The ADU

(illustrated in Figure 3-4) and QADU (illustrated in Figure 3-5) maintain the most precise output level of the three available methods.

Figure 3-4

ADU

AUTOMATIC

DRIVE UNIT

ADU/ _______________

Pilot frequency

Figure 3-5

QADU

AUTOMATIC

DRIVE UNIT

QADU/ _______________

Pilot frequency

To set-up the ADU/QADU:

1

Position the drive control select jumper temporarily to the

MAN

position and perform the complete procedure described in Manual Gain Control if not already completed.

2

Verify that the frequency stamped on the ADU or QADU control unit is the same as the system pilot frequency. For the ADU, the pilot frequency is a CW or an available NTSC television channel not scrambled using sync suppression and not a digital channel. For the

QADU, the pilot signal is a QAM modulated digital channel.

3

Position the drive control select jumper to

AUTO

.

4

Connect a signal-level meter to the band-edge carrier.

FWD OUT

test point and tune the meter to the high


3-12

Amplifier Setup

5

Turn the auto level control potentiometer (ADU) (illustrated in Figure 2-8) fully clockwise and then reduce to obtain the level obtained in Step 9 under Manual Gain Control.

ADU/QADU Pads and Levels

This subsection provides information regarding the proper ADU/QADU padding requirements for the BLE100.

A JXP-*B pad is installed in the input line to the ADU/QADU location. This pad adjusts the

ADU/QADU input level for the standard application of the BLE100. You can change this pad depending on the operational output of the BLE100.

In the BLE100 analog ADU circuit, a JXP-7B pad is generally recommended. This is the standard ADU pad value as shipped from the factory and is appropriate for an amplifier output level range from

+

43 dBmV to

+

49 dBmV at 550 MHz. Use a JXP-1B pad for output levels below

+

43 dBmV and a JXP-11B for output levels above

+

49 dBmV.

The standard pad for the QADU is a JXP-0B. This pad value works for a BLE100 output level from

+

38 dBmV to

+

47 dBmV at 550 MHz. Use a JXP-7B when operating above

+

47 dBmV at

550 MHz.

Motorola does not recommend operating the BLE100 above

+

46 dBmV at 550 MHz.

Use of an ADU or QADU is recommended for improved output level stability although you can operate the BLE100 in the manual mode. Select manual mode by placing the drive control select jumper, illustrated in Figure 2-8, in the

MAN

position. The gain of the BLE100 is then determined by the potentiometer marked

MAN

on the amplifier cover.

Return Path Alignment

The following subsections describe the BLE100 alignment procedures required for proper performance in the return path.


Before you begin to set-up the amplifier and perform return-path alignment, please read the following instructions and recommendations.

For proper return alignment obtain:

RF alignment levels and insertion points for all BLE100s

RF reference output level of the headend optical receivers

Equipment required for return-path alignment includes:

Full complement of JXP-*B pads and Starline Return Equalizers (SRE-*-*)

Reverse signal generator — must produce at least one signal within the return bandpass and have variable output

Return sweep or alignment equipment

It is recommended that you:

Do not remove the electronics chassis cover when the BLE100 is powered

Do not use wire jumpers to bypass the SRE-*-* location


Perform the return optical link set up before performing amplifier set up

Specify reverse alignment design levels for a single carrier

Consider sweep equipment as a single carrier and operate at design levels

Do not include injection point losses in reverse design levels

If JXP THERM devices (JXP-TH*C) are specified for level control, they should be installed in the JXP THERM pad facility (illustrated in Figure 2-8).

Alignment Procedure

The return amplifier configuration includes one high-gain (30 dB) return amplifier hybrid, and an appropriate SRE-*-* equalizer. All components are plug-in and are easily installed.

To align the return path:

3

4

1

2

If the BLE100 is powered, remove all fuses before you perform the following steps.

Install the design value pad in the return output pad location (

Install the design value return equalizer, SRE-*-*, in the

Verify that the return input pad location ( installed.

JXP

-

IN

JXP OUT

RTN EQ

).

location.

) has a 0 dB pad (or JXP-ZX jumper)

5

If you require an ICS, install it in the ICS location. If you plan to install the ICS later, install a JXP-2B to simulate the through-loss of the ICS. This eliminates the need to rebalance the return path if you install the ICS later.

6

Verify that the return output pad socket (

JXP OUT

), located between the hybrid output and the SRE-*-*, has a 0 dB pad (or JXP-ZX jumper) installed.

7

Verify that the return thermal pad socket (

JXP THERM

), located between the hybrid output and the SRE-*-*, has a 0 dB pad (or JXP-ZX jumper) or JXP-TH*C installed.

8

Set the sweep equipment output level to the amplifier’s design input level. Add insertion point loss.

9

If required, change the return output pad (

JXP OUT

) and/or return equalizer to achieve, as close as possible, a match of the reference level as compared to the node.

10

Verify the sweep response of all insertion points if applicable.

11

Verify that the pad and equalizer values are similar to the map design values.

You can verify proper return alignment by injecting a carrier, at the design level, into any amplifier at random. Proper alignment is achieved if you observe the reference level at the headend optical receiver output.


3-14

Amplifier Setup

Return levels used for alignment are not necessarily operational system levels. These levels vary from system to system due to differences in equipment, architectures and design philosophies. For an in-depth analysis and discussion of the return path, refer to Motorola reference guide

Return Path Level Selection, Setup and Alignment Procedure

.

Powering and Surge Protection

In conventional applications, the BLE100s are powered through the input port.

CAUTION!

To avoid damage to the hybrids, it is recommended that you remove the input pad (JXP-IN) before you apply power to

the BLE100.

A 20-ampere, blade-type fuse is furnished in the amplifier module and provides overcurrent protection for AC power applied to the input. You can power the BLE100 from the output without passing power through to the input port. To block power from the input port, remove the power-block jumper illustrated in Figure 2-8.

WARNING!

To avoid possible injury to personnel or damage to the equipment, remove 60/90 volt ac power from the system before you remove any components from the housing.

The BLE100 is shipped from the factory configured for 38 through 90 VAC powering as described in Section 2, “Overview”. To configure the BLE100 for 55 VAC through 90 VAC operation:

1

2

3

4

5

Remove the electronics chassis from the housing.

Remove the power-supply cover.

Move the

LO

/

HI

selector (jumper J1 on the power-supply board) from the

LO

to

HI

position.

Figure 2-6 illustrates the jumper location.

Re-install the power-supply cover and torque the screws to 10 to 12 in-lbs.

Re-install the electronics chassis in the housing and torque the hold-down bolts to 18 to

22 in-lbs.


Section 4

Bench Testing

Motorola’s recommended procedure for placing a new BLE100 into service is to fully test it on the bench before it is field installed. There are specific alignment procedures that ensure proper functioning of all components and simplify final installation. If the BLE100 is properly aligned on the bench only minor adjustments may be required in the field.

The following subsections provide instructions to bench align the BLE100.


The BLE100 is shipped with a 20 ampere blade-type fuse in the output port for over current protection.

CAUTION!

To avoid applying 60/90 Vac to the test equipment during testing, remove the fuse illustrated in Figure 2-8.

Open the housing and remove the chassis cover. Refer to your system drawings or records to confirm the presence of the required options as described in Section 2, “Overview,” Options and

Accessories.


4-2

Bench Testing

Test Equipment and Connections

The equipment typically used for testing the BLE100 consists of a network analyzer such as the

HP 8712 or 8713 series, a 60/90 Vac bench power supply, a cable simulator, a Motorola model

SSP-PIN power combiner, and a variety of jumper cables, adapters, and fittings.

CAUTION!

To protect the network analyzer and sweep comparator, you must configure the SSP-PIN power combiner to block ac power from the input port.

Fabricate a cable simulator that you can configure to provide the desired cable loss in 1 dB increments up to approximately 30 dB. Then, connect the test equipment as shown in

Figure 4-1:

Figure 4-1

Test equipment connections for bench sweeping

Network analyzer

117

Vac

Cable simulator

Power combiner

60/90 Vac

AC power supply

Sweep input

5

4

BLE100 under test

2 6

1

SE

AS

MBLE

IN

M E X I C

3

Sweep output

CAUTION!

Before you begin the following subsection, remove the input pad,

JXP

-

IN

, to avoid damage to the hybrids before you apply power.

Measuring Forward Gain

This subsection provides instructions for measuring the full gain and the operational gain and flatness of the BLE100.

3

4

5

To measure the full gain of the amplifier:

1

2

Determine whether the power-supply jumper (J1) is positioned for

LO

Connect the BLE100 to the test equipment as illustrated in Figure 4-1 and apply power.

Verify that the dc voltage is 24 V

±

0.4 V and re-install the input pad.

or

HI

operation.

Apply the sweep signal and adjust test equipment as needed.

Select manual gain by placing the drive control select jumper in the the

MANUAL LEVEL

control (Figure 2-8) fully clockwise.

MAN

position and turn


6

Measure the gain at mixed forward frequency using the procedure outlined in the operator manual provided with the test equipment in use.

To correct this number, add the insertion loss of the SSP-PIN power combiner (0.6 dB at

750 MHz, 0.7 dB at 870 MHz, or 1.1 dB at 1 GHz) the loss of the cable simulator at mixed forward frequency, and the loss of the cable equalizer (1.0 dB), if it is installed.

Example:

The test equipment indicates a measured gain of 14.5 dB with a BLE87S/* and the cable simulator is set to 20 dB.

+1.1 dB (power combiner)

+1.0 dB (cable equalizer)

+20.0 dB (cable simulator)

+14.5 dB (measured gain)

+36.6 dB (unit gain)

The result must meet advertised specifications for the unit.

The operational gain of the BLE100 provides reduced gain capability. This enables the unit to operate in the proper region of the Bode board when it is controlled by the ADU/QADU or TDU drive units.

To measure the operational gain and flatness of the amplifier:

1

2

Perform steps 1 through 6 in Measuring Forward Gain above.

Estimate the ambient temperature and find the required gain reserve by referring to

Table 3-3. Reduce the gain at the highest frequency by the amount given in the table.

Example:

The ambient temperature is 70

°

F. The table indicates that the required gain reserve is 4 dB.

Reduce the gain by 4 dB.

The operational gain is the sum of the measured gain after performing Step 2, plus all losses, such as power combiner, cable loss, equalizer, and cable simulator.

The sweep response is essentially flat at this point. If the response exhibits tilt, the cable equalizer must be changed. Install a higher equalizer value if the gain is greater at the low frequencies; install the next lower equalizer value if the gain is less at the low-end frequencies.

3

Measure the gain excursions from an average value within the bandpass.

The result is the peak-to-valley (P-V) flatness. Some improvement is possible by adjusting the flatness controls on the LDR/9/1G board as described in Section 3, “Amplifier Setup,”

Flatness Control. Figure 3-3 illustrates the location of these controls on the LDR/9/1G board.


4-4

Bench Testing

Testing Return Gain and Response

After configuring the return path, you can test the return bandpass to ensure compliance with specifications. When testing the return amplifier, remember that it is a flat amplifier. Therefore, the cable simulator must remain in the test set-up and must remain set to the same cable equivalent as in the forward sweep test. This provides an approximate indication of the frequency response, which you can achieve in the field.

To test for return gain and response:

1

Reconnect the test equipment and switch the

sweep input

and

sweep output

BLE100 under test to be opposite of the connection shown in Figure 4-1.

leads of the

2

Remove the power block at the input port and replace the 20 A fuse at the output port (both illustrated in Figure 2-8) before you apply power.

3

Re-adjust the test equipment to sweep from 4 MHz through the maximum return band frequency plus 10 MHz (Example — 50 MHz for S-split).

The expected response is flat. Any tilt, which is due to the return equalizer, must average out to a flat response in a cascade of amplifiers. A slope adjustment is not available in the return bandpass.

4

Measure the gain at the maximum return band frequency (40 MHz for S-split).

The amplifier gain is the sum of: the measured gain, the insertion loss of the return cable equalizer at the maximum return band frequency, the insertion loss of the power combiner, any pads installed in either the input or output pad locations, plus the cable simulator loss at the maximum return band frequency. The measured gain must meet advertised specifications for the return amplifier.

Example:

14.0 dB (measured gain)

+ 1.0 dB (equalizer insertion loss)

+ 1.1 dB (power combiner)

+ 0.0 dB (pads)

+ 4.6 dB (cable simulator at 40 MHz)

+20.7 dB (unit gain)

Completing the Test Procedures

The amplifier is now approximately tailored for a specific field location. Additional adjustments after installation are minor in nature. Re-install the fuse or power-block removed during testing.

Complete station records by recording pertinent information. Remove test-equipment connections and close the housing following instructions provided in Section 5, “Installation,”

Closing the Housing.


Section 5

Installation

The field installation procedures presented in the following subsections assume that the amplifier was previously tested and bench aligned. Cable power and RF signal must be available on the system. Although it is desirable to have a full complement of channels available for balancing, you can adjust the BLE100 adequately with a limited number of channels.

You can install the BLE-HSG/15 on a messenger strand (aerial) or in a pedestal. The following subsections provide details on each application.

Aerial Installation

The housing is normally mounted horizontally below the strand without the electronics chassis to avoid possible damage during installation. Connections are made using standard pin-type connectors with a nominal center-conductor diameter of 0.067 inches. The minimum length of the center-conductor pin is 1.35 inches and the maximum length is 1.5 inches. Longer pins can extend past the center-conductor seizure mechanism and degrade the match. Extremely long pins can result in a short circuit.

Figure 5-1

Center-conductor pin length

1.50” Max.

1.35” Min.

To install the unit:

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

Power-down the cable before you install the housing. This avoids blown fuses, tripped circuit breakers, and possible personal injury.

Mount the housing, and torque the two 5/16-inch messenger clamp bolts (illustrated in

Figure 2-5) to 10 to 12 ft-lbs.

Form the customary expansion loops and make all cable connections according to system design.

Tighten the center-conductor seizure screw using a Phillips-head screwdriver. An alternate method is to use a 3/16-inch socket and a torque wrench. The recommended torque is

12 in-lbs. maximum.

To avoid water ingress, ensure that aluminum connectors are torqued to the specifications recommended by the connector manufacturer.

If previously removed, re-install the electronics chassis and fasten it to the housing with the four captive bolts. Torque to 18 to 22 in-lbs.

Remove the input pad (

JXP

-

IN

) to avoid damage to the hybrids.

Apply power to the unit and allocate a few minutes for warm up.


5-2

Installation

9

Check the voltage setting (jumper J1, Figure 2-6).

J1 position Description

LO

The voltage must be greater than 38 V as read with a true rms voltmeter or 42 V when using a conventional, average reading voltmeter.

HI

The voltage must be greater than 55 V when read with a true rms voltmeter or 61 V when using a conventional, average reading voltmeter.

10

Check the DC voltage. Verify that it is between 23.6 V and 24.4 V and re-install the input pad.

11

If necessary, rebalance the amplifier following the instructions in Section 3, “Amplifier

Setup.”

12

Check the tightness of the electronics chassis cover screws (10 to 12 in-lbs.) and electronics chassis hold-down bolts (18 to 22 in-lbs.).

13

Check the condition of the RF and weather gaskets and replace them if necessary. If needed, also apply a light coating of silicone grease.

14

Close the housing and use a torque wrench to sequentially and progressively tighten the housing bolts to a final torque of 6 ft-lb in the sequence specified on the housing cover and illustrated in Figure 5-2.

Figure 5-2

Torque sequence

4

2

6

IN

A

S

SE

MBLE

D

M E X I C

O

5

1

3


Installation 5-3

Pedestal Installation

Pedestal installation is similar to aerial installation with the exception of temperature and mounting procedure. In an aerial installation, the cable and amplifier are subject to the same temperature. In contrast, pedestal installation provides a stable temperature environment for the buried cable while subjecting the elevated amplifier to higher temperatures. The

ADU/QADU, if installed, functions the same as in an aerial installation, and does not require further attention. See Section 3, “Amplifier Setup,” Amplifier Level Control for additional information.

To mount the BLE100 on a pedestal:

1

Remove the two 5/16-inch messenger clamps and bolts located on the long side of the housing.

2

Locate the two 5/16-inch holes 4.0 inches center-to-center cast into the housing base.

3

Use the two 5/16-inch bolts to install the BLE100 to the pre-drilled pedestal mounting plate and torque to 10 to 12 ft-lbs.


Section 6

Operating Tips

This section describes using amplifiers in lower frequency systems and in lower gain systems.

Using Amplifiers in Lower Frequency Systems

When using the BLE100 in 870 MHz or 750 MHz systems, you must consider the best method for handling the reduced bandwidth and channel-loading requirement. The following information helps you determine the best approach.

For distribution systems designed and installed as 1 GHz systems, but carrying a reduced channel load, there are no further concerns. You can add or remove channels at your discretion.

If the system operates with ADU/QADUs, the pilot channel cannot be disturbed. Reduced channel loading improves distortion.

For lower-frequency systems, such as 870 MHz or 750 MHz, you will need to take into account the reduced gain from 1 GHz. Due to the amplifier tilt, there will be some loss in gain from the published operational specification at 1 GHz. For example, a 34 dB 1 GHz BLE with 14 dB of output tilt will lose approximately 1.3 dB of gain at 870 MHz, resulting in approximately

32.7 dB of gain at 870 MHz. If you need to adjust tilt, you may accommodate by changing the forward equalizer (SFE) value. Also, to avoid any additional loss in gain, it is optimal to use the equalizers that match the system frequency. For an 870 MHz system, the SFE-87-*s are the best choice, even in a 1 GHz amplifier. Note also, that the equalizer cuts off at the frequency value for which it is designed. For example, an SFE-87-* cuts off frequencies above 870 MHz.

Therefore, if you have a 1 GHz system and need the equalizer to perform to 1 GHz, you must use an SFE-100-*.

Using Amplifiers in Lower Gain Systems

There are two pad facilities in the forward path: (1) the pad location (JXP-IN) at the input to the amplifier, and (2) the midstage pad (JXP-MID) located between the pre-amplifier and the output hybrid.

The input pad (JXP-IN) is normally changed to accommodate excessive input levels. When operating at the same output levels, a BLE100 with an input pad has the same carrier-to-noise

(c/n) and distortion performance as a BLE100 without the input pad. Because it only attenuates excess signal, it has no effect on the overall performance of the BLE100.

If necessary, to achieve the gain specification, you can use the midstage pad (JXP-MID) to reduce the gain of the BLE100. However, this will affect amplifier performance. This pad location has minimal impact on the noise figure, therefore, carrier-to-noise performance is maintained. When operating at the same output levels, the midstage pad forces the pre-amplifier to operate at a higher output level, thereby degrading station distortion performance. Due to the superior distortion performance provided by the latest E-GaAs BLEs, this should not be a major concern assuming the pad value is reasonable.

It is recommended that you contact Motorola’s TRC or your account representative for specific information regarding use of the midstage pads.


Appendix A

Specifications

Specifications are valid over the given passband and operating temperature range of

−

40

°

F to

+140

°

F (

−

40

°

C to +60

°

C). Specifications stated are worst case unless otherwise noted, and are subject to change. Refer to the Motorola CHS web site or contact your account representative for the latest specifications.

Model BLE100S

Passband (S-split)

Gain

Full

Operational

Flatness

52 through 1003 MHz

Level control, automatic

Gain control

Performance - reference frequency

(MHz) at typical output (dBmV)

Channels

Crossmod

CTB

CSO

Noise figure at 52 MHz at 1003 MHz

Interstage equalizer, LDR/9/1G

Hum modulation

Return loss, input/output

Test points, input/output

Housing dimensions

Weight

52 through 1003 MHz

38 dB (with SFE-100-*)

34 dB (with SFE-100-* and slope reserves)

±0.70 dB maximum

Bode board using ADU/QADU

Fixed pads, JXP-

∗

B

1003/550/52

45/44/37

79 analog/320 MHz digital (suppressed by 6 dB)

–70 dB

–76 dB

–71 dB

8 dB (with SFE-1) maximum

8 dB (with SFE-1) maximum

9

±

1 dB

–65 dB

16 dB minimum at operational level

20

±

1.0 dB

10.6 L

×

8.0 W

×

4.7 D inches (26.9

×

20.3

×

11.9 cm)

7.2 pounds (3.2 kg)


A-2

Specifications

AC Current

AC Voltage One-way With RA-Kit

90 VAC

75 VAC

60 VAC

53 VAC

45 VAC

38 VAC

0.48 A

0.50 A

0.56 A

0.60 A

0.67 A

0.75 A

0.56 A

0.59 A

0.65 A

0.70 A

0.78 A

0.88 A

Return Amplifier

Parameter Specification

Passband (S-split)

Gain, station (minimum)

Flatness

Level control

Performance at typical output

Channels

Crossmod

CTB

CSO

Noise figure

Power requirements

5 through 40 MHz

24 dB

±

0.50 dB maximum

Fixed pads, JXP-

∗

B, input and output

35 dBmV, flat

6 NTSC

–70 dB

–80 dB

–81 dB

6 dB

24 VDC, 125 mA

ADU Automatic Drive Unit

Parameter Specification

Pilot channel

Adjacent channel frequency

See current catalog

±

6 MHz

+36 dBmV

Minimum BLE100 output at pilot frequency

ALC stiffness

Power requirement

±

0.3 output change for

±

3.0 dB input change

24 VDC, 75 mA


Appendix B


Torque specifications are valid for all models of the BLE100.

Torque

Fastener Screw

Size

Wrench

Size

In-lbs Ft-lbs N

•

M

5/16-18 1/2 120-144 10-12 13.6-16.3

Strand clamp/pedestal mounting

Housing/lid closure

Test point plugs

Seizure screw

1/4-20 7/16 72 6.0 8.1

5/8-24 1/2 25-40 2.1-3.3 2.8-4.5

#8-32 3/16 inch or

Phillips

12 1.0 1.4

Hybrid

Chassis (electronics module)

#6-32 Phillips

#10-32 5/16

10-12 0.8-1.0 1.1-1.4

18-22 1.5-1.8 2.0-2.4

Chassis (electronics module) cover

Status monitor

#6-32 1/4 inch or

Phillips

5/16 inch

10-12 0.8-1.0 1.1-1-4

#10-32 triple lead

24-30 2.0-2.5 2.7-3.4

Power supply cover

#6-32 Phillips 10-12 0.8-1.0 1.1-1.4



The abbreviations and acronyms list contains the full spelling of the short forms used in this manual.

ADU c/n

Automatic Drive Unit carrier-to-noise

CSO

CTB cw dB dBmV

E-GaAs

FTEC

GHz

ICS

MHz

NTSC

QADU rms

RSA

SAW

SCS-*

SFE-*-*

SRE-*-*

Composite Second Order

Composite Triple Beat

Continuous wave

Decibel

Decibels referenced to one millivolt

Enhanced Gallium Arsenide

Fast Transfer Electronic Crowbar

Gigahertz

Ingress Control Switch

Megahertz

National Television Standards Committee

Quadriture Amplitude Modulated (QAM) Automatic Drive Unit root-mean-square

Return for Service Authorization

Surface Acoustic Wave

Starline Cable Simulator

Starline Forward Equalizer

Starline Return Equalizer


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04/06

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