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INSTRUCTION MANUAL
3541
RESISTANCE HiTESTER
Contents
Introduction.................................................................................1
Inspection ...................................................................................1
Safety Information ......................................................................2
Operating Precautions................................................................4
Chapter 1
Overview ___________________________________ 9
Product Overview ..........................................................9
Features ........................................................................9
Names and Functions of Parts ....................................11
Chapter 2
Measurement Preparations ___________________ 17
Procedure....................................................................17
Connecting the Power Cord ........................................18
Connecting the Test Leads .........................................19
Connecting the Temperature Probe ............................21
Connecting an Analog Output Thermometer ..............22
Connecting the Temperature HiTester via RS-232C ..23
Turning the Power On and Off ....................................24
Selecting the Line Frequency......................................26
Selecting the Measurement Terminals........................27
Chapter 3
Measurement ______________________________ 29
Resistance Measurement ...........................................29
(Temperature Correction & Conversion) .....................32
Chapter 4
Basic Function
Settings___________________________________ 37
Selecting Measurement Functions ..............................37
Measurement Range Setting ......................................38
Zero-Adjust Function ...................................................40
Sampling Rate Setting ................................................42
Measurement Fault Detection Function ......................43
i
ii
Contents
Chapter 5
Applied Function Settings____________________ 45
Comparator Measurement Function........................... 45
BIN Measurement Function........................................ 51
Averaging Function..................................................... 57
Temperature Correction Function (TC) ...................... 58
Temperature Conversion Function (
Δ
t) ...................... 60
Statistical Calculation Functions................................. 62
Offset Voltage Compensation (OVC) ......................... 66
Self-Calibration ........................................................... 68
Key Beeper Setting..................................................... 69
5.10 Key-Lock Function...................................................... 69
5.11 Trigger Function ......................................................... 70
5.11.1 Trigger Source .............................................................. 70
5.11.2 Trigger Delay and Measurement Fault
Detection Time .............................................................. 72
5.12 Panel Save Function .................................................. 75
5.13 Panel Load Function................................................... 76
5.14 Reset Function ........................................................... 77
5.15 Valid Functions for Each State ................................... 79
Chapter 6
External Control ____________________________ 81
External Control and the External Input/Output (EXT I/O)
Connector ................................................................... 81
Signal Descriptions..................................................... 82
Timing Chart ............................................................... 88
Internal Circuitry ......................................................... 91
Chapter 7
Printer (Optional) ___________________________ 93
About Printing ............................................................. 93
Printer Connection...................................................... 94
Interface Selection...................................................... 98
Setting of the 9670 PRINTER..................................... 98
Printing ....................................................................... 99
Contents
Chapter 8
RS-232C/GP-IB Interfaces ___________________ 101
Overview and Features .............................................101
Specifications ............................................................102
RS-232C Specifications ..............................................102
GP-IB Specifications ...................................................102
Connections and Protocol Selection .........................103
Attaching the Connector ..............................................103
Communications Protocol Selection ............................105
Communication Methods ..........................................106
Message Format .........................................................106
Output Queue and Input Buffer ...................................111
Status Byte Register ...................................................112
Event Registers ...........................................................114
Initialization Items ........................................................117
Local Function .............................................................117
Message List .............................................................118
Standard Commands ..................................................118
Device-Specific Commands ........................................119
Message Reference ..................................................124
Standard Commands ..................................................125
Device-Specific Commands ........................................129
Basic Data Importing Methods ..................................155
Sample Programs .....................................................156
Chapter 9
Specifications_____________________________ 167
General Specifications ..............................................167
Accuracy ...................................................................172
Chapter 10
Maintenance
and Service ______________________________ 175
10.1 Inspection, Repair and Cleaning ...............................175
10.2 Error Display .............................................................176
Appendix_________________________________ 179
Appendix 1 Four-Terminal (Voltage-Drop) Method ............179
Appendix 2 Temperature Correction Function (TC) ...........180
Appendix 3 Temperature Conversion Function (
Δ
t) ...........182
Appendix 4 Effect of Thermoelectromotive Force ..............183
iii
iv
Contents
Appendix 5 JEC 2137-Compliant Resistance
Measurement of Inductive Machines.............. 185
Appendix 6 DC and AC Models......................................... 186
Appendix 7 Combination with Voltage Withstanding
Tester ............................................................. 188
Appendix 8 Unstable Measurement Values ...................... 189
Appendix 9 Test Lead Options .......................................... 194
Appendix 10Rack Mounting ............................................... 196
Appendix 11Dimensional Diagram..................................... 198
Appendix 12Calibration...................................................... 199
Index ______________________________________ i
1
Introduction
Introduction
Thank you for purchasing the HIOKI “Model 3541 RESISTANCE
HiTESTER". To obtain maximum performance from the instrument, please read this manual carefully, and keep it handy for future reference.
Inspection
Confirming package contents
When you receive the instrument, inspect it carefully to ensure that no damage occurred during shipping. In particular, check the accessories, panel switches, and connectors. If damage is evident, or if it fails to operate according to the specifications, contact your dealer or Hioki representative.
Instrument 3541 RESISTANCE HiTESTER
Accessories • 9287-10 CLIP TYPE LEAD ....................................1
• 9451 TEMPERATURE PROBE..............................1
• Instruction Manual..................................................1
• Power Cord (2-line + ground).................................1
• EXT I/O Male Connector ........................................1
Shipping precautions
Use the original packing materials when transporting the instrument, if possible.
Options
Test-Lead-Related
• 9452 CLIP TYPE LEAD
• 9453 FOUR TERMINAL LEAD
• 9455 PIN TYPE LEAD (for ultra precision)
• 9461 PIN TYPE LEAD
• 9467 LARGE CLIP TYPE LEAD
• 9454 ZERO ADJUSTMENT BOARD
• 9300 CONNECTION CABLE
Interface
Cable
• 9637 RS-232C CABLE (9-pin to 9-pin/cross cable)
• 9638 RS-232C CABLE (9-pin to 25-pin/cross cable)
• 9151-02 GP-IB CONNECTOR CABLE (2 m)
• 9151-04 GP-IB CONNECTOR CABLE (4 m)
Printer-Related • 9670 PRINTER (BL-80RS II, made by SANEI ELECTRIC INC.)
• 9671 AC ADAPTER (for the 9670, BL-100W, made by SANEI
ELECTRIC INC.)
• 9672 BATTERY PACK (for the 9670)
• 9673 BATTERY CHARGER (for the 9672)
• 9237 RECORDING PAPER (80 mm x 25 m, 4 rolls, for the 9670)
• 9638 RS-232C CABLE (for 3541-9670)
2
Safety Information
Safety Information
Safety Symbols
This instrument is designed to comply with IEC 61010 Safety
Standards, and has been thoroughly tested for safety prior to shipment. However, mishandling during use could result in injury or death, as well as damage to the instrument. Be certain that you understand the instructions and precautions in the manual before use. We disclaim any responsibility for accidents or injuries not resulting directly from product defects.
This manual contains information and warnings essential for safe operation of the instrument and for maintaining it in safe operating condition. Before using it, be sure to carefully read the following safety precautions.
In the manual, the symbol indicates particularly important information that the user should read before using the instrument.
The symbol printed on the instrument indicates that the user should refer to a corresponding topic in the manual (marked with the symbol) before using the relevant function.
Indicates AC (Alternating Current).
Indicates the ON side of the power switch.
Indicates the OFF side of the power switch.
The following symbols in this manual indicate the relative importance of cautions and warnings.
Indicates that incorrect operation presents a significant hazard that could result in serious injury or death to the user.
Indicates that incorrect operation presents a possibility of injury to the user or damage to the instrument.
Indicates advisory items related to performance or correct operation of the instrument.
Other Symbols
Indicates a prohibited action.
Indicates the location of reference information.
Indicates quick references for operation and remedies for troubleshooting.
* Indicates that descriptive information is provided below.
3
Safety Information
Measurement categories (Overvoltage categories)
To ensure safe operation of measurement instruments, IEC 61010 establishes safety standards for various electrical environments, categorized as CAT I to CAT IV, and called measurement categories.
These are defined as follows.
CAT I
Secondary electrical circuits connected to an AC electrical outlet through a transformer or similar device.
CAT II
Primary electrical circuits in equipment connected to an AC electrical outlet by a power cord (portable tools, household appliances, etc.)
CAT III
Primary electrical circuits of heavy equipment (fixed installations) connected directly to the distribution panel, and feeders from the distribution panel to outlets.
CAT IV
The circuit from the service drop to the service entrance, and to the power meter and primary overcurrent protection device
(distribution panel).
Higher-numbered categories correspond to electrical environments with greater momentary energy. So a measurement device designed for CAT III environments can endure greater momentary energy than a device designed for CAT II.
Using a measurement instrument in an environment designated with a higher-numbered category than that for which the instrument is rated could result in a severe accident, and must be carefully avoided.
Never use a CAT I measuring instrument in CAT II, III, or IV environments.
The measurement categories comply with the Overvoltage Categories of the IEC60664 Standards.
Accuracy
We define measurement tolerances in terms of f.s. (full scale), rdg.
(reading) and dgt. (digit) values, with the following meanings: f.s.
(maximum display value or scale length)
The maximum displayable value or scale length. This is usually the name of the currently selected range.
rdg.
(reading, displayed or indicated value)
The value currently being measured and indicated on the measuring instrument.
dgt.
(resolution)
The smallest displayable unit on a digital measuring instrument, i.e., the input value that causes the digital display to show a "1" as the least-significant digit.
4
Operating Precautions
Operating Precautions
Follow these precautions to ensure safe operation and to obtain the full benefits of the various functions.
Before Use
• Before using the instrument the first time, verify that it operates normally to ensure that the no damage occurred during storage or shipping. If you find any damage, contact your dealer or Hioki representative.
• Before using the instrument, make sure that the insulation on the probes and cables is undamaged and that no bare conductors are improperly exposed. Using the instrument in such conditions could cause an electric shock, so contact your dealer or Hioki representative for replacements.
Handling the Instrument
• Do not allow the instrument to get wet, and do not take measurements with wet hands. This may cause an electric shock.
• Never modify the instrument. Only Hioki service engineers should disassemble or repair the instrument. Failure to observe these precautions may result in fire, electric shock, or injury.
• Do not use the instrument where it may be exposed to corrosive or combustible gases. The instrument may be damaged or cause an explosion.
To avoid damage to the instrument, protect it from physical shock when transporting and handling. Be especially careful to avoid physical shock from dropping.
5
Operating Precautions
Handling the Cords and Probes
• Avoid stepping on or pinching cables, which could damage the cable insulation.
• To avoid breaking the cables and test leads, do not bend or pull them.
• To avoid damaging the power cord, grasp the plug, not the cord, when unplugging it from the power outlet.
• The sensor used in the temperature probe is a thin, precision platinum film. Be aware that excessive voltage pulses or static discharges can destroy the film.
• Avoid subjecting the temperature probe tip to physical shock, and avoid sharp bends in the leads. These may damage the probe or break a wire.
• When measuring high temperatures, do not let the handle of the temperature probe or the compensation lead wire exceed the temperature range.
• Use only the specified test leads and cables. Using a non-specified cable may result in incorrect measurements due to poor connection or other reasons.
• To avoid measurement errors, be sure to wipe the temperature probe plug, if necessary, to keep it clean.
Instrument Installation and Operating Environment
• Do not install the instrument upside-down, or stand it on its side.
• Do not store or use the instrument where it could be exposed to direct sunlight, high temperature or humidity, or condensation. Under such conditions, the instrument may be damaged and insulation may deteriorate so that it no longer meets specifications.
• This instrument is designed for use indoors. It can be operated at temperatures between 0 and 40
°
C without degrading safety.
• This instrument is not designed to be entirely water- or dust-proof.
Do not use it in an especially dusty environment, nor where it might be splashed with liquid. This may cause damage.
• Do not use the instrument near a source of strong electromagnetic radiation, or near a highly electrically charged object. These may cause a malfunction.
6
Operating Precautions
• Correct measurement may be impossible in the presence of strong magnetic fields, such as near transformers and high-current conductors, or in the presence of strong electromagnetic fields such as near radio transmitters.
• In an electrically noisy environment, noise may impinge upon the measured object, resulting in unstable measurements. The instrument should not be used in such places.
Before Connecting and Powering On
Power and Grounding
• Before turning the instrument on, make sure the supply voltage matches that indicated on the its power connector. Connection to an improper supply voltage may damage the instrument and present an electrical hazard.
• To avoid electrical accidents and to maintain the safety specifications of this instrument, connect the power cord only to a 3-contact (two-conductor + ground) outlet.
Connections
To avoid electric shock or damage to the equipment, always observe the following precautions when connecting to external terminals or connectors.
• Always turn off the power to the instrument and to any devices to be connected before making connections.
• Be careful to avoid exceeding the ratings of external terminals and connectors.
• During operation, a wire becoming dislocated and contacting another conductive object can be serious hazard. Make sure that connections are secure and use screws to secure the external connectors.
To suppress noise, the instrument needs to be set to match the frequency of the power source.
Before operating, set the instrument to the frequency of your commercial power. If the line frequency is not set properly, measurements will be unstable.
❖
2.8 Selecting the Line Frequency (Page 26)
7
Operating Precautions
Measurement Precautions
Observe the following to avoid electric shock and damage to the instrument.
• Do not apply voltage to the input terminals (INPUT A and INPUT
B). Also, to avoid electrical accidents, only take measurements after turning off the power to the circuit being measured.
• Do not allow voltage of 2 V DC or more to be applied to the TC
SENSOR jack.
• Never attempt to measure at a point where voltage is present.
In particular, be careful to avoid damaging the instrument from inductor discharge when attempting to measure a transformer or motor immediately after a temperature increase test or withstandvoltage test.
• The input terminals incorporate a circuit protection fuse.
Measurement is not possible when the fuse is blown.
• In the 20 m
Ω
and 200 m
Ω
ranges (1 A measurement current), the test object can be loaded with one watt or more. Also, in the 100 k
Ω range and above, 10 volts or more may be applied. Therefore, when measuring delicate components, use the Low-Power Resistance
Measurement mode.
• Allowable input voltage from an analog thermometer is 0 to 2 V
(between terminal contacts). Do not apply voltage exceeding this range.
• Battery internal resistance cannot be measured with this instrument.
It will sustain damage. To measure battery internal resistance, we recommend the HIOKI 3550, 3551 and 3555 BATTERY HiTESTERs or the 3560 AC m Ω HiTESTER.
8
Operating Precautions
• To ensure certified measurement accuracy, allow at least 60 minutes warm-up. Within the 30- to 60-minute warm-up period, please double specified accuracy values. After warm-up, be sure to execute self-calibration.
❖
5.8 Self-Calibration (Page 68)
• This instrument internally stores (backs up) all settings (except measurement values), such as measurement range, comparator settings and etc., but only when no operation is performed for a certain time. Therefore, to preserve settings, do not turn the power off for a short time (about five seconds) after changing a setting.
However, measurement settings made through the RS-232C or
GP-IB interface and measurement settings loaded by LOAD signals of the external I/O terminal are not memorized.
• The direct current that this instrument uses for measuring is affected by thermoelectromotive force, which can cause measurement aberrations. In such cases, use the Offset Voltage
Compensation function.
❖
5.7 Offset Voltage Compensation (OVC) (Page 66)
❖
Appendix 4 Effect of Thermoelectromotive Force (Page 183)
• When measuring objects with a large inductance (L-content) such as power transformers, the measured value may be unstable. In such cases, contact your dealer or Hioki representative.
Using the Temperature Probe
• Holding the temperature probe in a bare hand can cause enough noise pickup to destabilize measurements.
• Temperature Correction does not work if the temperature probe is allowed to touch the test object. Only the ambient temperature of the immediate locale should be used.
• Before measuring, install the temperature probe and allow at least
60 minutes warm-up before measurement. Unless the test object and temperature probe used for temperature correction measurement have been allowed to completely stabilize at ambient temperature, large measurement errors may occur.
• Unless the temperature probe is inserted all the way into the TC
SENSOR jack on the rear panel of the instrument, large measurement errors may occur.
Overview
1.1 Product Overview
Chapter 1
9
1.1 Product Overview
The 3541 employs a four-terminal measurement method that is ideal for measuring the resistance of motor and transformer windings, relay/ switch and connector contacts, PCB patterns, chip inductor DC resistance and for ohmmeter shipping inspection tests. The instrument includes functions for temperature correction, comparator decisions and data output, making it particularly suitable for production and inspection lines, as well as for system applications.
1.2 Features
High Precision, Fine Resolution and Fast Resistance
Measurement
The 4-terminal method enables precise, fast measurement of resistances as small as 0.1
μΩ
.
In addition, resistance measurements can be made as in as little as
0.6 ms.
Offset Voltage Compensation
Removes the effects of thermoelectromotive force on measurements.
Low-Power Measurement Function
Minimizes stress on test objects.
Multipolar Connector
A multipolar connector (INPUT B) shielded from thermoelectromotive force is provided to facilitate fast measurements.
Broad Temperature Correction Support
By connecting a temperature probe, temperature correction of resistance measurements is available for practically any temperature and thermal coefficient. A thermometer with analog output can be used in place of the supplied 9451 TEMPERATURE PROBE.
10
1.2 Features
Temperature Conversion
The temperature increase (
Δ t) of a test object can be obtained by conversion of its measured resistance.
Statistical Calculation Functions
Maximum value (Max), minimum value (Min), mean value (Average), overall standard deviation (
σ
), and process capability indices (Cp and
Cpk) can be calculated.
Comparator and BIN Functions
The Comparator function provides product pass/fail decisions. And the
BIN function provides classification into up to ten categories.
Save and Load up to 30 Sets of Measurement Setting
States
Store up to 30 sets of measurement settings such as comparator tables, measurement ranges and sampling rates for later recall.
External I/O
Various trigger inputs and comparator, BIN and BCD outputs are provided to support production line applications.
Equipped with GP-IB and RS-232C Standard Interfaces
Full remote control is available through the GP-IB and RS-232C interfaces.
Prints Measurement Values and Calculation Results
(Printer Optional)
Connect the optional HIOKI 9670 PRINTER to print out measurement values and statistical calculation results.
1.3 Names and Functions of Parts
1.3 Names and Functions of Parts
Front Panel
Input Terminals INPUT A
Connect the supplied 9287-10 CLIP
TYPE LEAD or optional measurement leads.
SOURCE-H
SOURCE-L
SENSE-H
SENSE-L
Display
Main Display
❖
Operating Keys
❖
11
Input Terminals INPUT B
Connect a multipolar plug.
❖
Display
Sub Display
❖
POWER Switch
Turns the instrument on and off.
: Power OFF
: Power ON
❖
12
1.3 Names and Functions of Parts
Main Display
Displays the current measurement function, measured value (while measuring) or setting item
(while setting).
(Upper row)
AUTO Lit when measuring with Auto-Ranging.
FAST, MED, SLOW1, SLOW2
The selected sampling rate is lit.
0 ADJ
OVC
Lit when measuring in a range for which zero-adjustment has been performed.
Lit when measuring with the Offset
Voltage Compensation function enabled.
EXT TRIG Lit when the manual trigger mode is enabled.
(Lower row)
STAT
TC
Δ t
AVG
LOCK
Lit when the Statistical Calculation function is enabled.
Lit when the Temperature Correction function is enabled.
Lit when the Temperature Conversion function is enabled.
Lit when measuring with the Averaging setting enabled.
Lit when the keys are locked.
REMOTE Lit during communications.
LP
Indicates Low-Power measurement mode.
Shows measured value or setting item.
Sub Display
Units of displayed measurement
Upper and lower thresholds and other settings are displayed (when set).
COMP
While measuring, indicates the Comparator function is enabled.
BIN
While measuring, indicates the BIN function is enabled.
INPUT
Indicates the selected measurement terminals.
HIGH / LOW
REF / %
°
C / ppm
Indicates that absolute value comparator operation is enabled (while measuring), and also when setting.
Indicates that relative value comparator operation is enabled (while measuring), and also when setting.
Indicates that the temperature correction or compensation value is displayed (while measuring), and also when setting.
Shows Comparator Decision Result.
Hi Indicates that the measured value is above the upper threshold.
IN Indicates that the measured value is between the upper and lower thresholds.
Lo Indicates that the measured value is below the lower threshold.
1.3 Names and Functions of Parts
13
Operating Keys
To use a function marked on a key, just press the key.
To use a function printed under a key (blue letter), press the
SHIFT key first (and confirm the SHIFT lamp is lit), and then the key.
Use as ten-keys to enter numerical values.
(Numerical values can be used with the
RANGE key.)
SHIFT Lamp
[ ]: Enabled after pressing the SHIFT key (SHIFT lamp lit).
Operating Key Description
Ω
/LP
Ω
/
°
C Select the measurement function (4terminal resistance, low-power 4terminal resistance or temperature measurement).
[ 0 ADJ ] Executes zero-adjustment.
LOAD Loads saved settings.
[ SAVE ] Saves settings.
TRIG Use for manual triggering.
[ INT/EXT ] Selects internal/external triggering.
TC/
Δ t Switches Temperature Correction or
Temperature Conversion on and off.
[ SET ]
STAT
Sets parameters for Temperature
Correction or Temperature
Conversion.
Displays and sets statistical calculation results.
[ DELAY ] Sets the trigger delay.
SMPL
[ AVG ]
COMP
[ SET ]
BIN
Selects the sampling rate.
Activates Averaging function settings.
Switches the Comparator function on and off.
Activates Comparator function setting.
Switches the BIN function on and off.
[ SET ] Activates BIN function setting.
Operating Key Description
PRINT Sends measurement values and statistical calculation results to the printer.
[ OVC ]
AUTO
[ LOCAL/
LOCK ]
Switches the Offset Voltage
Compensation function on and off.
Switches between automatic and manual range selection.
LOCAL: Reverts from the communications state.
LOCK: Switches the Key-Lock function on and off.
ENTER Applies settings.
[ MENU ] Selects various items.
(Selects temperature correction/ conversion, calibration on/off, key beeper on/off, interface, line frequency and setting/system reset)
❖
RANGE
SHIFT
Up/Down:Changes setting value or numerical value, and range selection.
Left/Right: Moves the setting item or digit.
• Enables the functions of the operating keys marked in blue.
The lamp is lit when the SHIFT state is active.
• Cancels settings in various setting displays. (Returns to the
Measurement display without applying settings.) However, this does not apply to Menu display.
14
1.3 Names and Functions of Parts
Rear Panel
Power Inlet
Connect the supplied power cord here.
❖
RS-232C Connector
Connection for the printer or RS-232C interface.
❖
Printer (Page 94), RS-232C (Page 103),
Temperature HiTester (Page 23)
TC SENSOR Jack
Connect the 9451
TEMPERATURE PROBE or an analog-output thermometer here.
❖
EXT I/O Connector
Connect here to control operation externally.
❖
GP-IB Connector
Connect here to use the GP-
IB interface.
❖
Side View
Stand
Can be opened to tilt the front panel upwards.
Do not apply heavy downward pressure with the stand extended. The stand could be damaged.
Menu Display Sequence
(SHIFT Lamp lit)
The Menu display appears.
1.3 Names and Functions of Parts
(Main Display)
Zero-Adjust Clear
Setting Display
Temperature
Correction/Conversion
Selection Display
❖
The up/down RANGE key changes the setting shown on the Sub Display.
Interface
Selection Display
❖
Self-Calibration
Setting Display
❖
15
Measurement Terminal
Selection Display
❖
EOC Signal
Setting Display
❖
BIN/BNC Output
Selection Display
❖
Measurement Fault Output
Timing Setting Display
❖
Key Beeper
Setting Display
Line Frequency
Setting Display
❖
Press to return to previous display.
Reset Display
❖
Press twice Adjustment Display
The Adjust Display is intended for use only by a service technician.
Accuracy cannot be guaranteed if the user makes adjustments with this display.
Settings made from the Menu Display are saved internally when you press ENTER or SHIFT to return to the Measurement Display.
16
1.3 Names and Functions of Parts
2.1 Procedure
17
Measurement
Preparations
Chapter 2
2.1 Procedure
1
Rear Panel
2
Front Panel
3
3
Temperature measurement
Analog Output Thermometer (Page 22)
Temperature measurement via
RS-232C interface (3444/3445)
1
Connecting the power cord.
2
Connect the test leads to the instrument.
3
(If Temperature Correction is needed)
Connect the temperature probe, an analog temperature probe, or 3444/ 3445.
4
Turn the power on.
5
Select the line frequency.
6
Select the measurement terminals.
7
Set measurement settings, and measure.
8
Turn the power off.
4 8
18
2.2 Connecting the Power Cord
2.2 Connecting the Power Cord
• Before turning the instrument on, make sure the supply voltage matches that indicated on the its power connector. Connection to an improper supply voltage may damage the instrument and present an electrical hazard.
• To avoid electrical accidents and to maintain the safety specifications of this instrument, connect the power cord only to a 3-contact (two-conductor + ground) outlet.
To avoid damaging the power cord, grasp the plug, not the cord, when unplugging it from the power outlet.
Connecting the Power Cord
Rear Panel 1.
Confirm that the instrument's Power switch is
OFF.
2.
Check that the power supply voltage is correct, and connect the power cord to the power inlet socket on the rear of the instrument.
3.
Plug the power cord into the AC outlet.
19
2.3 Connecting the Test Leads
2.3 Connecting the Test Leads
This instrument is equipped with an input with four separate banana-jack terminals (INPUT A) and another input with a multipolar socket (INPUT B).
The supplied Model 9287-10 CLIP TYPE LEAD and Hioki's various optional measurement leads connect to the INPUT A terminals.
❖
Appendix 9 Test Lead Options (page 194)
For high-resistance and low-power measurements, the high noise immunity of INPUT B offers advantages for high speed measurements.
❖
2.9 Selecting the Measurement Terminals (page 27)
About Test Leads ______________________________________________
(Example: Model 9287-10 CLIP TYPE LEAD)
The side with “V” mark is SENSE.
SENSE
SOURCE
SENSE
SOURCE
Red
Black
Red
Black
SENSE
SOURCE
SENSE
SOURCE
When clipping a thin line
(Clip the line at the tip, serrated part of the jaws.)
When clipping a thick line
(Clip the line at the deep, non-serrated part of the jaws.)
Making your own cable The cable of our test leads is shielded.
When making your own cable, please bear in mind the following.
Red
Shield
Red
Black Black
Total Shield
Connect the shield to the SOURCE-L lead.
Cable length must not exceed 5 m. (Conductor resistance should be no more than 100 m
Ω
/m)
However, for the 20 m
Ω
and 200 m
Ω
ranges (1 A measurement current), resistance should be no more than 300 m
Ω
per circuit.
When using the 9287-10 without the clip, be careful not to allow the shielding wire to contact the conductor of SOURCE-Hi, SENSE-Hi, or
SENSE-Lo conductor.
20
2.3 Connecting the Test Leads
Connecting to the terminals _____________________________________
INPUT A Connection Method
Front Panel
Red Lead
Connect four-terminal test leads such as the
9287-10 CLIP TYPE LEAD to INPUT A.
Black Lead
Example: 9287-10 CLIP TYPE LEAD
Plug the mark on the red lead into the red marked jack on the instrument, and plug the mark on the black lead into the black marked jack on the instrument.
INPUT B Connection Method
Front Panel
SENSE-H
2 1
SENSE-L
Make sure the plug on the test lead cable is properly oriented, and connect it to the
INPUT B socket.
3
SOURCE-H
Shell
4
GUARD
SOURCE-L
INPUT B
(EPL.0S.304.HLN made by LEMO)
To Insert
Insert it securely all the way in
SENSE-L SENSE-H
Shell
SOURCE-L
To Remove
GUARD
SOURCE-H
Plug on the
measurement cable
Pull while holding as shown
(Lock release)
9300 CONNECTION CABLE
Cable length: 1.5 m
Pin no. Terminals Wires
2 SENSE-H Black 26AWG
1 SENSE-L Blue 26AWG
3 SOURCE-H Red 26AWG
Shell SOURCE-L External shielded conductor
4 GUARD Internal shielded conductor
The cable connector (for INPUT B) is a locking type.
Always grasp the plug when removing the cable. Pulling on the cable will damage the connector.
2.4 Connecting the Temperature Probe
9300 CONNECTION CABLE
Core conductor
SOURCE-H (red)
SENSE-H (black)
GUARD (internal shield)
Conductive PVC sheath
(black)
21
SENSE-L (blue)
SOURCE-L （ external shield ）
To suppress noise pick-up from cable friction, the SOURCE-H (red) and SENSE-H (black) leads are shielded in a conductive black PVC sheath.
• Be careful to avoid touching the core conductors and conductive black PVC sheath during measurement.
• Also be careful to avoid touching the SENSE-H, SENSE-L,
SOURCE-H, SOURCE-L and GUARD conductors.
Touching any of these can interfere with proper measurement.
• Do not connect the GUARD to anything.
2.4 Connecting the Temperature Probe
Do not apply voltage to the TC SENSOR jack, to avoid electric shock accidents or damage to the instrument.
To avoid damage to the instrument or temperature probe, observe the following precautions:
• Turn the instrument off before plugging or unplugging the temperature probe.
• The temperature probe is not waterproof. Do not submerse it in water or other liquid.
To avoid measurement errors, be sure to wipe the temperature probe plug, if necessary, to keep it clean.
9451 TEMPERATURE PROBE Connection
Rear Panel
9451 TEMPERATURE PROBE
1.
Confirm that the instrument power is turned OFF.
2.
Plug the 9451 TEMPERATURE
PROBE into the TC SENSOR jack on the rear panel.
Insert the plug securely all the way into the jack.
22
2.5 Connecting an Analog Output Thermometer
2.5 Connecting an Analog Output
Thermometer
To measure temperature, connect the analog output thermometer to the instrument.
The connection requires a standard 3.5-mm monaural mini-phone plug.
The following TEMPERATURE HiTESTERs are available from Hioki:
• The Model 3444 TEMPERATURE HiTESTER (for long-focus, narrow-visual-field measurements) + 3909 INTERFACE PACK
• The Model 3445 TEMPERATURE HiTESTER (for short-focus, microscopic surface measurements) + 3909 INTERFACE PACK
Note that thermometer circuit is grounded. To avoid electric shock accidents or damage to the instrument, do not connect an analog output thermometer to the TC SENSOR jack that has any potential offset from ground.
Note the following precautions to avoid damaging the instrument:
• Before connecting a thermometer to the instrument, confirm that any power to the instrument and thermometer is turned OFF.
• Allowable input voltage from an analog thermometer is 0 to 2 V
(between terminal contacts). Do not apply voltage exceeding this range.
• With thermometers providing 4 to 20 mA output, connect a shunt resistance of about 100
Ω
before connecting, and convert the resulting voltage.
Analog Output Thermometer Connection Method
Rear Panel
Connection cable
(3.5-mm monaural mini-phone plug)
1.
Confirm that the instrument power is turned OFF.
2.
Connect the thermometer's analog output connector to the TC SENSOR jack on the rear panel, using a generic connection cable (3.5-mm monaural mini-phone plug).
Insert the plug securely all the way into the jack.
23
2.6 Connecting the Temperature HiTester via RS-232C
2.6 Connecting the Temperature HiTester via RS-232C
Using the RS-232C interface, you can connect the HIOKI 3444/ 3445
TEMPERATURE HiTESTERs to the unit for temperature measurement.
The connection requires the 9637 RS-232C CABLE (option).
• The Model 3444 TEMPERATURE HiTESTER (for long-focus, narrow-visual-field measurements) + 3909 INTERFACE PACK
• The Model 3445 TEMPERATURE HiTESTER (for short-focus, microscopic surface measurements) + 3909 INTERFACE PACK
Connection Method
Rear panel 1.
Confirm that power to the 3541 is turned OFF.
3444 TEMPERATURE
HiTESTER 2.
Connect the TEMPERATURE
HiTESTER (3444 or 3445) to the
3909 INTERFACE PACK, using the cable supplied with the 3909.
3.
Connect the 3909 INTERFACE
PACK to the RS-232C connector of the 3541, using the 9637 RS-232C
CABLE.
3909 INTERFACE PACK
RS-232C connector
9637 RS-232C CABLE
24
2.7 Turning the Power On and Off
2.7 Turning the Power On and Off
Before Turning the Power On
Upon turning the power on, you can select either 1 A (the default selection) or 100 mA as the measurement current for the 200 m
Ω
range (with software version 1.13 or later).
The measurement current is remembered even after turning the power off.
Turning the Power On
Power ON
When you don ’ m Ω range (1 A measurement current):
Turn the POWER switch ON (I).
When you need to change the measurement current for the 200 m Ω range to 100 mA (first time only):
Turn the POWER switch ON (I) while holding down the SHIFT key and RANGE (up) key.
To return the measurement current to 1 A:
Turn the POWER switch ON (I) again while holding down the SHIFT key and RANGE (up) key, or use the Reset function. During poweron, the software version, line frequency setting, and interface setting appear briefly, and then the measurement display appears.
❖
After turning the power on, the following is displayed and the instrument enters the measurement state.
200m
Ω
Range/Measurement Current 1 A Setting
Software version
Line frequency
Interface setting
Measurement display
200m
Ω
Range/100 mA Measurement Current Setting m Ω
Measurement display
• Measurement conditions are restored to the state that existed when the power was last turned off
(from backup). To preserve changes to settings, wait a few moments (about five seconds after changing the settings) before turning the power off. However, note that measurement settings made through the RS-232C or GP-IB interface and measurement settings loaded through the external I/O
LOAD terminal are not remembered.
• Before starting to measure, allow 60 minutes for warm-up. Within the 30- to 60-minute warm-up period, please note that specified accuracy values are doubled. After warm-up, be sure to perform self-calibration.
❖
5.8 Self-Calibration (page 68)
2.7 Turning the Power On and Off
Turning the Power Off
Power OFF
Turn the POWER switch OFF( ).
25
26
2.8 Selecting the Line Frequency
2.8 Selecting the Line Frequency
1
2
(SHIFT Lamp lit)
The Menu display appears.
Select the Line Frequency setting display.
(Refer to the Menu displays (Page 15))
(Main Display)
3
4
Select the frequency of the AC mains supply being used.
(Sub Display)
50 ..... 50 Hz
60 ..... 60 Hz
To select the measurement terminals immediately after selecting the line frequency, press to view the
Measurement Terminal Selection
Measurement Terminals (page 27)
Step 3)
Applies settings and returns to the Measurement display.
To suppress noise, the instrument needs to be set to match the frequency of the AC power source.
Before operating, set the instrument to the frequency of your commercial mains power. If the line frequency is not set properly, measurements will be unstable.
27
2.9 Selecting the Measurement Terminals
2.9 Selecting the Measurement Terminals
1
2
3
(SHIFT Lamp lit)
The Menu display appears.
When continuing setting from
Line Frequency Selection, skip this step.
Select the Measurement Terminal selection display.
(Refer to the Menu displays (Page 15))
(Main Display)
When setting immediately after
Line Frequency setting, press .
Select the measurement terminals to be used.
(Sub Display)
A ....... INPUT A (with four separate banana jack terminals) b ....... INPUT B (multipolar connector)
4
Applies settings and returns to the Measurement display.
Do not connect test leads to both INPUT A and INPUT B.
SENSE-L and SOURCE -L are always connected. Note that multiple measurements cannot be performed simultaneously.
28
2.9 Selecting the Measurement Terminals
About Input Terminal Usage _____________________________________
The factory-default input terminal selection is INPUT A, the four
(banana jack) terminals, enabling use of Hioki's various test-lead options.
INPUT A A 10 nF capacitor is connected between the H-L terminals of INPUT A.
This capacitance is intended to improve the stability of high-resistance measurements and measurements of inductive loads. However, this also slows the response time for high-resistance measurements.
The approximate response time required to display about 95% of the resistance of a test object is:
Response time [s] = 3 x Resistance [ Ω ] x 10 x 10
-9
[F]
Even with the 10 nF capacitor, stability cannot be assured with all inductive loads. Inductance of 10 H or more may cause instability. In such cases, connect a 0.1μ F or larger capacitor between H and L, or contact your supplier or Hioki representative for other solutions.
For fast response with high-resistance measurements, use INPUT B
(the multipolar connector), which has no 10-nF capacitor. However, because INPUT B has no (10 nF) capacitor, measurements may be unstable with some inductive test objects.
INPUT B INPUT B offers the advantages of being less affected by thermoelectromotive force than the four separate terminals of INPUT
A, and is more suitable for high-speed measurements due to the shielding. When you need to take measurements faster than once per
PLC (power line cycle) without OVC (Offset Voltage Compensation), use INPUT B.
display appears.
Measurement
3.1 Resistance Measurement
Chapter 3
29
Before starting measurement, please read Safety Information (Page 2)
and Chapter 2 Measurement Preparations (Page 17).
3.1 Resistance Measurement
The following example describes the resistance measurement process.
Example: Measuring a 10 m
Ω
shunt resistance
Required 10 m Ω shunt resistance items: 9287-10 CLIP TYPE LEAD
Measurement conditions:
Sampling ........................................ SLOW2
Zero adjust ..................................... Enabled
Offset Voltage Compensation ........ Enabled
Range ............................................ 20 m
Ω
Preparations
1
Connect the 9287-10 CLIP TYPE LEAD to the instrument, and turn it on.
❖
2.3 Connecting the Test Leads (Page 19)
2
Select the appropriate line frequency and measurement terminals.
❖
2.8 Selecting the Line Frequency (Page 26)
Instrument Settings
Before setting, confirm that the SHIFT lamp is not lit.
1
Select the Resistance Measurement function.
❖
4.1 Selecting Measurement Functions (Page 37)
(Main Display)
The Resistance Measurement display appears.
(
Ω
unit indicator lit, LP off)
2
Set the measurement range to 20 m Ω .
❖
4.2 Measurement Range Setting (Page 38)
(Main Display)
The position of the decimal and the unit indicator change with each key-press.
(m
Ω
lit, AUTO off)
30
2.
3.1 Resistance Measurement
3
Set the sampling rate to SLOW2.
❖
4.4 Sampling Rate Setting (Page 42)
(Main Display)
The lit position moves with each key-press.
( SLOW2 lit)
4
Enable Offset Voltage Compensation.
❖
5.7 Offset Voltage Compensation (OVC) (Page 66)
(Main Display)
( OVC lit)
5
Execute zero-adjust.
❖
4.3 Zero-Adjust Function (Page 40)
SENSE SENSE
SOURCE SOURCE
Red Black
Short together the 9287-10
CLIP TYPE LEAD.
Bring the "V" marks together at the same position.
(Main Display)
Accept the currently displayed value as the zero-adjust value.
( 0ADJ lit)
Applying Temperature Correction
❖
3.2 Temperature Measurement (Temperature Correction & Conversion) (Page 32),
5.4 Temperature Correction Function (TC) (Page 58)
Applying Temperature Conversion
❖
3.2 Temperature Measurement (Temperature Correction & Conversion) (Page 32),
5.5 Temperature Conversion Function (Dt) (Page 60)
Measurement
Connect the 9287-10 CLIP TYPE LEAD to the shunt resistance, and read the value.
31
3.1 Resistance Measurement
• In the 20 m
Ω
and 200 m
Ω
ranges (1 A measurement current), the sample can consume one watt or more. Also, in the 100 k
Ω
range and above, up to 10 volts may be applied. Therefore, when measuring delicate components, use the Low-Power Resistance
Measurement mode.
• In the following cases, the measured value may be displayed with a "-" sign.
• If SOURCE or SENSE leads are reversed.
• If zero-adjust is performed by two-terminal measurement, and contact resistance later decreases.
• If the thermoelectromotive force changes, or the offset voltage of the instrument changes.
32
3.2 Temperature Measurement (Temperature Correction & Conversion)
3.2 Temperature Measurement
(Temperature Correction & Conversion)
Temperature
Correction
Temperature
Conversion
Using the temperature at time of measurement, temperature correction is applied to convert the measured resistance value to the value it would have at a specified reference temperature.
❖
5.4 Temperature Correction Function (TC) (Page 58)
Temperature increase is derived by the temperature conversion principle.
❖
5.5 Temperature Conversion Function (Dt) (Page 60)
❖
Appendix 3 Temperature Conversion Function (Dt) (Page 182)
Temperature Measurement with the 9451 TEMPERATURE PROBE _____
Preparations
1
Connect the test leads and the 9451 TEMPERATURE PROBE to the instrument, and turn it on.
❖
2.3 Connecting the Test Leads (Page 19),
2.4 Connecting the Temperature Probe (Page 21)
2
Select the appropriate line frequency and measurement terminals.
❖
2.8 Selecting the Line Frequency (Page 26),
2.9 Selecting the Measurement Terminals (Page 27)
Instrument Settings
Before setting, confirm that the SHIFT lamp is not lit.
1
Select the Temperature Measurement function.
❖
4.1 Selecting Measurement Functions (Page 37)
(Main Display) The Temperature Measurement display appears.
(
° C unit indicator lit)
The current temperature appears.
2
Select Pt for the temperature sensor type.
(Main Display)
(Sub Display)
The temperature sensor type selection display appears.
Select Pt.
Apply settings and return to the Measurement display.
33
3.2 Temperature Measurement (Temperature Correction & Conversion)
Temperature Measurement
Place the 9451 TEMPERATURE PROBE near the point to measure, and read the temperature.
(Main Display) Read the current temperature.
Temperature Correction & Conversion Settings
Select resistance or low power measurement, and select temperature correction or conversion.
❖
For temperature correction: 5.4 Temperature Correction Function (TC) (Page 58)
❖
For temperature conversion: 5.5 Temperature Conversion Function (Dt) (Page 60)
Measurement
Connect the test leads to the sample, and measure.
With temperature correction : The corrected resistance value at the specified reference temperature is displayed.
With temperature conversion : The temperature increase Δ t relative to ambient temperature is displayed.
About the temperature probe
• If the temperature probe is held in the bare hand, body temperature will interfere with temperature measurement.
• The temperature probe is not waterproof.Do not submerse it in water or other liquid.
• If the temperature probe is not inserted all the way into the TC
SENSOR jack on the rear panel, large measurement errors may occur.
If the OF indicator appears with temperature measurement
Check whether the temperature probe is connected properly.
If it is not, temperature cannot be measured.
If the tC SnS error indicator appears with resistance measurement
Check whether the temperature probe is connected properly.
If it is not, the TC/ Δ t function is not usable.
34
3.2 Temperature Measurement (Temperature Correction & Conversion)
Temperature Measurement with Analog Input (Radiation Thermometer)
Preparations
1
Connect the test leads and the analog output thermometer (radiation thermometer) to the instrument, and turn it on.
❖
2.3 Connecting the Test Leads (Page 19),
2.4 Connecting the Temperature Probe (Page 21)
2
Select the appropriate line frequency and measurement terminals.
❖
2.8 Selecting the Line Frequency (Page 26),
2.9 Selecting the Measurement Terminals (Page 27)
Instrument Settings
Before setting, confirm that the SHIFT lamp is not lit.
1
Select the Temperature Measurement function.
❖
4.1 Selecting Measurement Functions (Page 37)
(Main Display) The Temperature Measurement display appears. (
°
C unit indicator lit)
The current temperature appears.
2
Select Analog (“AnLG.In”) for the temperature sensor type.
(Main Display)
(Sub Display)
The temperature sensor type selection display appears.
Select the Analog Input temperature sensor type.
Apply settings.
3
Set the reference voltage and reference temperature.
(Main Display)
Set Reference Voltage 1 (V
1
) and
Reference Temperature 1(T
1
).
(Sub Display)
Or tenkeys
Apply the settings.
The setting display appears for
Reference Voltage 2 and
Reference Temperature 2.
(Main Display)
Reference Voltage 1 (V
1
):
Setting range = 00.00 to 02.00 V
(In this example, 00.00 [V])
Reference Temperature 1 (T
1
):
Setting range = -99.9 to 999.9
° C
(In this example, 0000.0 [
° C ])
Set Reference Voltage 2 (V
2
) and
Reference Temperature 2(T
2
).
(Sub Display)
Or tenkeys
Apply settings and return to the
Measurement display.
Reference Voltage 2 (V
2
):
Setting range = 00.00 to 02.00 V
(In this example, 01.00 [V])
Reference Temperature 2 (T
Setting range = -99.9 to 999.9
°
C
(In this example, 0100.0 [
°
C ])
2
):
3.2 Temperature Measurement (Temperature Correction & Conversion)
Measurement
Read the value.
(Main Display)
The displayed value is calculated by the following expression.
T
V
2
–
–
T
1
V
1
• (Input Voltage) +
T V
2
–
V
2
–
T
2
V
1
V
1
T2
T1
0 V1 V2
35
Temperature measurement via RS-232C interface
(using the 3444/3445
TEMPERATURE HiTESTER+ 3909 INTERFACE PACK)
_______________________
Preparations
1
Connect the test leads and the 3444/ 3445TEMPERATURE HiTESTER to the instrument, and turn it on.
❖
2.3 Connecting the Test Leads (Page 19),
2.6 Connecting the Temperature HiTester via RS-232C (Page 23)
2
Select the appropriate line frequency and measurement terminals.
❖
2.8 Selecting the Line Frequency (Page 26),
2.9 Selecting the Measurement Terminals (Page 27)
Instrument Settings
Before setting, confirm that the SHIFT lamp is not lit.
1
Select the Temperature Measurement function.
❖
4.1 Selecting Measurement Functions (Page 37)
(Main Display) The Temperature Measurement display appears.
(
°
C unit indicator lit)
The current temperature appears.
2
Select rS for the temperature sensor type.
(Main Display)
(Sub Display)
The temperature sensor type selection display appears.
Select rS.
The 3444/ 3445 will be switched ON automatically.
Apply settings and return to the Measurement display.
36
3.2 Temperature Measurement (Temperature Correction & Conversion)
Temperature Measurement
Read the value.
(Main Display)
• Temperature measurement via the RS-232C interface is possible only with the 3444/3445 TEMPERATURE HiTESTERs.
• When you set the temperature sensor type to "rS", power to the
3444/ 3445 will be switched ON automatically.
• If the 3444/3445 is not connected correctly or if it is not switched
ON, the indication "OF" will be shown.
• While carrying out temperature measurement via the RS-232C interface, the RS-232C/GP-IB communication and printing functions are not available.
4.1 Selecting Measurement Functions
Basic Function
Settings
Chapter 4
37
4.1 Selecting Measurement Functions
Settings
Select the Resistance, Low-Power Resistance or Temperature measurement function.
Switching the Measurement Function
1
Confirm the SHIFT lamp is not lit.
2 Switches the displayed measurement function.
Each key-press switches the measurement function.
(Main Display)
Resistance Measurement display
(
Ω
unit indicator lit, LP indicator off)
Low-Power Resistance
Measurement display
(
Ω
unit indicator lit, LP indicator lit)
Temperature Measurement display
( ° C unit indicator lit)
If the OF indicator appears with temperature measurement.
❖
If the temperature sensor is set to Pt: 3.2 Temperature Measurement
(Temperature Correction & Conversion) (Page 32)
Check whether the temperature probe is connected properly.
If it is not, temperature cannot be measured.
38
4.2 Measurement Range Setting
4.2 Measurement Range Setting
Settings
Manual Range Setting
Select the measurement range. Auto-ranging (the AUTO range) can also be selected.
Select the range to use. (AUTO off)
The decimal point location and unit indicator change with each keypress.
Auto-Ranging
Press this while a manual range is selected. ( AUTO lights)
The optimum measurement range is automatically selected.
Switching from Autoranging back to Manual range selection
Press the AUTO key again. The range can now be changed manually.
• Temperature measurement has only one range. The range cannot be changed.
• When measuring certain motor, transformer or coil components, the auto range setting may not stabilize. In such cases, either specify the range manually or lengthen the delay time.
❖
5.11.2 Trigger Delay and Measurement Fault Detection Time (Page 72)
• In the low resistance ranges (200
Ω
and below) a relatively high load is placed on the sample. In the 20 m
Ω
and 200 m
Ω
ranges (1
A measurement current), up to about one watt may be applied.
Therefore, confirm the measurement range before connecting to delicate samples.
• When measuring delicate samples, use the Low Power measurement mode.
• Refer to 9.2 Accuracy; Resistance Measurement Function (Page
172), Low Power Resistance Measurement Function (Page 173)
for information on range accuracy.
39
4.2 Measurement Range Setting
Range Displayed Values
20m
Ω
20.0000 m Ω
200m
Ω
*
2
200.000 m Ω
2
Ω
2000.00 m Ω
20
Ω
20.0000 Ω
200
Ω
200.000 Ω
2k
Ω
2000.00 Ω
20k
Ω
20.0000 k Ω
100k
Ω
110.000 k Ω
1M
Ω
1100.00 k Ω
10M
Ω
11.0000 M Ω
100M
Ω
110.000 M Ω
Resistance Measurement
Function
Measurement
Current
Open-Terminal
Voltage
Low Power Resistance
Measurement Function
Measurement
Current
Open-Terminal
Voltage*
1
1 A ±5%
1 A ±5%
5 Vmax
5 Vmax
−−−−−−−−−
−−−−−−−−−
−−−−−−−−−
−−−−−−−−−
100 mA ±5% 2.6 Vmax 10 mA ±5% 60 mVmax
10 mA ±5%
10 mA ±5%
1 mA ±5%
100 μ A ±5%
100 μ A ±5%
10 μ A ±5%
1 μ A ±5%
100 nA ±5%
2.6 Vmax
2.6 Vmax
2.6 Vmax
2.6 Vmax
13 Vmax
13 Vmax
13 Vmax
13 Vmax
1 mA ±5%
100 μ A ±5%
10 μ A ±5%
−−−−−−−−−
−−−−−−−−−
−−−−−−−−−
−−−−−−−−−
−−−−−−−−−
60 mVmax
60 mVmax
60 mVmax
−−−−−−−−−
−−−−−−−−−
−−−−−−−−−
−−−−−−−−−
−−−−−−−−−
*1 When using external triggering, open-terminal voltage is limited to 20 mV maximum from when INDEX goes
High until the next trigger input.
*2 100 mA measurement current and 2.6 V open-terminal voltage can be selected for the 200 m
Ω
range during power-up or by remote command.
❖
2.7 Turning the Power On and Off (Page 24)
40
4.3 Zero-Adjust Function
4.3 Zero-Adjust Function
Settings
To nullify the instrument's offset voltage and effects of thermoelectromotive force, perform zero adjustment before measuring. Specified measurement accuracy applies only after zero adjustment has been performed.
Executing Zero Adjustment
1 Short the test leads together. Proper zero adjustment is not possible with incorrect wiring.
[9287-10]
SENSE
Bring the "V" marks together at the same position.
SENSE
SOURCE SOURCE
Correct
Red
Black
SENSE
SOURCE
Incorrect
Red Black
SOURCE
SENSE
SENSE-H SENSE-L SOURCE-H SOURCE-L
[9452] (Option)
Connection
[9465] (Option)
Connection
9454 ZERO ADJUST BOARD
(Option)
[9453] (Option)
Perform zero adjustment with the alligator clips and lead rods placed as above.
Contacts with SENSE
Contacts with SOURCE
41
2
2
4.3 Zero-Adjust Function
(SHIFT Lamp lit)
Zero-adjust display appears. ( 0ADJ lit)
(Main Display)
Zero adjustment is performed.
After measurement, the measured value of the compensation applied by the zero-adjust function is displayed.
The range of zero adjustment is up to 1,000 dgt.
• Zero adjustment should be executed in each range to be used.
When auto-ranging is selected, zero adjustment is executed in all ranges.
• When zero adjustment is executed with auto-ranging, correct zero adjustment may not be possible if the Delay time is too short. In this case, execute zero adjustment manually, or lengthen the
Delay time.
❖
5.11.2 Trigger Delay and Measurement Fault Detection Time (Page 72)
• Zero adjustment values are retained internally even when the instrument is turned off.
• Zero adjustment can be performed even when the 0ADJ pin of the
EXT I/O connector is shorted to ground.
• Always perform zero adjustment after switching the Offset Voltage
Compensation (OVC) function ON or OFF.
Clearing Zero Adjustment
1 (SHIFT Lamp lit)
The Menu display appears.
(Main Display)
(Sub Display) flashing
The zero-adjust value is cleared.(0ADJ off)
(Main Display)
If OF is displayed
If Err02 is displayed
Appears when the value is outside of the following range.
The measurement value minus the zero-adjust value must be greater or equal to -2000 dgt and less than or equal to +200000dgt (20 m Ω to
20 k
Ω
), +110000dgt (100 k
Ω
to 100 M
Ω
)
The measurement value when attempting zero adjustment was more than 1000 dgt, or a measurement fault condition exists.
The zero adjust function is canceled, so repeat the operation after correcting the cause of the error.
42
4.4 Sampling Rate Setting
4.4 Sampling Rate Setting
Settings
The sampling rate can be selected from FAST, MEDIUM, SLOW1 and
SLOW2. Slower sampling rates generally provide greater measurement precision.
Selecting the Sampling Rate
The sampling rate changes as follows with each key-press.
FAST MED SLOW1 SLOW2
• When AUTO self-calibration is enabled and FAST or MED sampling is selected, self-calibration is performed for about 55 ms once every 30 minutes.
❖
5.8 Self-Calibration (Page 68)
• With FAST sampling selected, measurements can be easily affected by the external environment, so countermeasures such as shielding of the sample and test leads are recommended. Shields should be connected to the SOURCE-L side.
43
4.5 Measurement Fault Detection Function
4.5 Measurement Fault Detection Function
If a measurement does not execute properly, a measurement fault is indicated on the display.
In addition, a measurement fault signal (ERR) is output at the EXT I/O connector.
❖
Chapter 6 External Control (Page 81)
• OF Over indication
If the measurement value exceeds the prescribed range, "OF"
(or "-OF") will appear on the Main Display.
In the case of over indication, the abnormal measurement signal
("ERR") is not output, and the comparator judges the measurement to be High.
Example :The range is set to 20 m
Ω
, and the measurement is 21 m
Ω
.
• ErrCur Constant current fault
This instrument sends a constant current from the source terminal to the sample. If a constant current cannot be output from the source terminal, "ErrCur" will appear on the Main
Display.
If this error occurs, check the measurement range, the measurement lead connections, and probe contact.
Example 1:The probe is open.
Example 2:The source wire is badly connected or disconnected.
Example
Ω
, and the measurement is 100
Ω
.
(The standard is: open-circuit voltage / measurement current. If the measurement current is 1 A, the conductor resistance plus the resistance of the sample should equal less than approximately 500 m
Ω
.)
Example 4:The 9300 connection cable is being used and the measurement terminal is INPUT A.
Example 5:The circuit protection fuse is disconnected. (Repair is required if "ErrCur" remains even after the probe of the connected measurement lead is short-circuited.)
❖
2.9 Selecting the Measurement Terminals (Page 27)
• ErrHi Sense-Hi bad connection
This instrument uses sense terminals to measure the voltage between terminals on a sample.
If there is a bad connection on the Sense-Hi wire, "ErrHi" will appear on the main display. If this error occurs, check the measurement lead connections and probe contact.
A bad connection is detected when the resistance between
SOURCE-H and SENSE-H reaches approximately 50
Ω
.
Alternatively, "ErrHi" will also be displayed if the circuit protection fuse is disconnected. (Repair is required if "ErrHi" remains even after the probe of the connected measurement lead is shortcircuited.)
44
4.5 Measurement Fault Detection Function
• ErrLo Sense-Lo bad connection
If there is a bad connection on the Sense-Lo wire, "ErrLo" will appear on the main display. A bad connection is detected when the resistance between SOURCE-L and SENSE-L reaches approximately 35
Ω
.
• “- - - - - - “
If more than one of the above errors ("OF", "ErrCur", "ErrHi" or
"ErrLo") occurs simultaneously, “- - - - - -” will appear on the Main
Display.
• If the measurement lead capacltance is 1 nF or greater, measurement abnormalities may not be detectable.
• It takes at least about 500
μ s from probe contact with a test object for measurement to stabilize. To detect measurement faults accurately, you must start detection within the response time before starting internal measurement (with INDEX = Lo(OFF)).
Because the response time depends on the test object, this instrument lets you set a measurement fault detection time. (The time before starting internal measurement)
See 5.11.2 Trigger Delay and Measurement Fault Detection Time
(Page 72), for how to set the detection time.
• If the delay time is set to 0.000 s, you cannot detect measurement faults before starting measurement. Therefore, you should set a delay time of at least 1 ms for secure measurement.
• Over display (OF) occurs as a result of the following factors.
Display Condition
OF
-OF
• When the measured value before temperature correction exceeds the current measurement range.
• When the result of temperature correction calculation or Δ t exceeds 999,999 dgt.
• When the result of relative value calculation is larger than
+99.999%.
• When the temperature sensor (with the Pt setting selected) is open-circuit.
• When the measurement value before temperature correction is smaller than -2000 dgt.
• When the result temperature correction calculation or Δ t exceeds -99,999 dgt.
• When the result of relative value calculation is smaller than -99.999%.
5.1 Comparator Measurement Function
Applied Function
Settings
Chapter 5
45
5.1 Comparator Measurement Function
Function
Description
The comparator function compares measured values to preset upper and lower thresholds, judges the measurements according to their relative levels within the preset range, and indicates the results of the comparisons.
Comparator results can be indicated by the Hi, IN and Lo LEDs, beeper sound and signal output at the EXT I/O connector.
❖
For details about comparator signal outputs at the EXT I/O connector,
refer to Chapter 6 External Control (Page 81).
Setting upper and lower thresholds to judge measured values
(Comparator Measurement Function)
Example:Within the 2 k
Ω
range, set the upper threshold to 1 k
Ω
and the lower threshold to 800 Ω , and judge whether measured values exceed the upper or lower threshold.
1
(COMP off) Confirm that the Comparator Measurement function is OFF.
2 Select the appropriate range.
(Main Display)
In this case, select the 2 k
(2000.00
Ω
)
Ω
range.
3 (SHIFT Lamp lit)
The Comparator Beeper setting display appears. ( COMP lit)
(Main Display)
4 Select whether and how the beeper should sound according to decision results.
(Main Display)
In this case, select HL .
oFF ....... no beeps sound.
In .......... Beeps when the decision result is IN.
HL ......... Beeps when the decision result is Hi or Lo.
46
5
5.1 Comparator Measurement Function
Switches to selection of the comparison method for the comparator.
Select the comparison method for the comparator. Each key-press changes the displayed selection.
6
Or ten-keys
(Sub Display)
Compare with upper/low thresholds
In this case, select HIGH / LOW .
Switches the display to upper/lower threshold setting.
Compare with reference value/ tolerance
Set the upper and lower thresholds.
(Main Display)
(Sub Display)
Upper threshold
Lower threshold
In this case, set the upper threshold to
1000
Ω
and the lower threshold to 800
Ω
.
Using the RANGE keys: Using the ten-keys:
Select a digit to change by moving the blinking location, then select the new numerical value.
Press the numeric keys corresponding to the digits to be entered.
Select a digit
Select numerical value
7 Applies setting and returns to the Measurement display.
The comparator function is enabled.
To cancel the settings:
8
47
5.1 Comparator Measurement Function
Connect to a test object, and judge the measured value.
The measured value appears on the Main Display, and the decision result is indicated in the decision result section of the Sub Display.
Measured value
Decision result
(IN = within range of upper/ lower thresholds)
Preset upper and lower thresholds
Upper threshold < Measured value
Upper threshold
≥
Measured value
≥
Lower threshold
Measured value < Lower threshold
Upper and lower thresholds are stored as the actual entered digits, independent of measurement function and range.
When the measurement function or range is changed, the absolute value represented by the entered digits changes accordingly.
Example: To set the lower threshold to 3.8
Ω
in the 20
Ω
range, enter
038000. If you now switch to the 200
Ω
range, the lower threshold becomes 38 Ω .
48
5.1 Comparator Measurement Function
Judging measured values by setting a reference value and tolerance
(Comparator Measurement Function)
Example: In the 20 Ω range, set a reference value of 15 Ω with 5% tolerance, so that when a measured value is judged to be within the specified tolerance, the beeper sounds.
1
(COMP off) Confirm that the Comparator Measurement function is OFF.
2 Select the appropriate range.
(Main Display) In this case, set to 20
(20.0000
Ω
)
Ω
.
3 (SHIFT Lamp lit)
The Comparator Beeper setting display appears. ( COMP lit)
(Main Display)
4
5
Select whether and how the beeper should sound according to decision results.
(Main Display) In this case, select In .
oFF ....... no beeps sound.
In ........... Beeps when the decision result is IN.
HL ......... Beeps when the decision result is Hi or Lo.
Switches to comparison method selection for the comparator.
Select the comparison method for the comparator. Each key-press changes the displayed selection.
(Sub Display)
Compare with upper/low thresholds
Compare with reference value/ tolerance
In this case, select REF/% .
7
8
6
Or ten-keys
49
5.1 Comparator Measurement Function
Switches to reference/tolerance (%) setting display. Set the reference value and tolerance.
(Main Display)
(Sub Display)
In this case, set the reference value to 15
Ω and the tolerance to
5%.
Reference value
Tolerance
Measured Resistance - Reference value
x 100
Reference value
Using the RANGE keys:
Select a digit to change by moving the blinking location, then select the new numerical value.
Select a digit
Using the ten-keys:
Press the numeric keys corresponding to the digits to be entered.
Select numerical value
Applies setting and returns to the Measurement display.
The comparator function is enabled.
To cancel the settings:
Connect to a test object, and judge the measured value.
The relative value appears on the Main Display, and the decision result is indicated in the decision result section of the Sub Display.
Relative value
Decision result
(Hi = exceeds tolerance of reference)
Preset reference value and tolerance
Relative value =
Measured Resistance - Reference value
Reference value
x 100
Set tolerance around reference value < Measured value
Set tolerance around reference value = Measured value
Set tolerance around reference value > Measured value
50
5.1 Comparator Measurement Function
Executing Comparator Measurements
COMP lit
The comparator measurement function is enabled.
Pressing the COMP key executes comparator decision according to the settings
Disabling the Comparator Measurement Function
COMP off
The comparator measurement function is disabled.
• Comparator and BIN measurements cannot be executed simultaneously.
• Auto-ranging is not available for comparator measurements. If auto-ranging is on when the comparator function is enabled, autoranging is disabled.
• To avoid operating errors, only the following keys are enabled when the comparator is being used:
SAVE (SHIFT+LOAD), LOAD, STAT, TRIG (for external trigger), and PRINT (when a printer is connected)
The comparator function must be disabled in order to change the threshold values.
❖
5.15 Valid Functions for Each State (Page 79)
• +OF is judged to be Hi, and -OF is judged to be Lo. No decision occurs in the event of a measurement fault.
• If temperature correction is enabled and the temperature probe is improperly connected, or if the measured temperature is OF or -
OF, no decision occurs.
• When comparing by reference value/tolerance, upper and lower thresholds are calculated internally for comparison with measured resistance.
100 + Tolerance [%]
Upper threshold = Reference value x
100
Lower threshold = Reference value x
100 − Tolerance [%]
100
Therefore, even if the relative display value is the same as a decision threshold, it may be judged Hi or Lo.
Example: If the reference value is set to 90.000
Ω
and the tolerance is set to 0.012%, the upper threshold is 90.010 Ω . At this time, a measurement of 90.011
Ω
will be displayed as 0.012%, but because it exceeds the upper threshold, it is judged as Hi.
• If power is turned off while the setting display is active, settings are ignored, and revert to their former values. If you want to apply the displayed settings, press the ENTER key.
51
5.2 BIN Measurement Function
5.2 BIN Measurement Function
Function
Description
BIN Measurement compares a measured value with up to ten sets of upper and lower thresholds (BIN0 to BIN9) in one operation, and display the results.
Decision results are output at the EXT I/O connector.
❖
For details about BIN signal outputs at the EXT I/O connector, refer to 6.2
Signal Descriptions (Page 82).
To perform BIN measurement, first select the range, then set the upper and lower thresholds or the reference value/tolerance for each
BIN No..
Setting upper and lower thresholds to judge measured values (BIN
Measurement Function)
Example: In the 2 k Ω range, set up two decision states using different upper/lower thresholds (BIN0: Upper threshold 1 k Ω /Lower threshold 800 Ω and BIN2: Upper threshold 900 Ω / Lower threshold 700 Ω ), and judge measurements.
1
(BIN off) Confirm that the BIN Measurement function is OFF.
2 Select the appropriate range.
(Main Display) In this case, set to 2 k
(2000.00
Ω
)
Ω
.
3
4
(SHIFT Lamp lit)
The Bin No. setting display appears. ( BIN lit)
(Main Display)
First set the conditions for BIN0, then set the conditions for BIN2.
BIN No. BIN No. enabled/disabled
Select the BIN No. (BIN No. = 0 to 9)
(Main Display)
In this case, select 0 .
5 Select whether this BIN No. is to be enabled or disabled.
(Main Display)
In this case, select on .
- .......... BIN measurement for this BIN No. is disabled.
on ......... BIN measurement for this BIN No. is enabled.
52
6
5.2 BIN Measurement Function
Switches to comparison method selection for measurements.
Select the comparison method. Each key-press changes the displayed selection.
7
Or ten-keys
(Sub Display)
Compare with upper/low thresholds
In this case, select HIGH / LOW .
Compare with reference value/ tolerance
Switches the display to upper/lower threshold setting
Set the upper and lower thresholds.
(Main Display) In this case, set the
(Sub Display)
Upper threshold upper threshold to
1000
Ω
and the lower threshold to 800
Ω
.
Lower threshold
Using the RANGE keys:
Select a digit to change by moving the blinking location, then select the new numerical value.
Select a digit
Using the ten-keys:
Press the numeric keys corresponding to the digits to be entered.
Select numerical value
8
9
Returns to the Main Display of this BIN No.
Repeat Steps 3 to 7 for each BIN No.
In this case, select BIN2 as shown at the left.
BIN2
Upper threshold: 900
Ω
Lower threshold: 700
Ω
Applies setting and returns to the Measurement display.
The BIN function is enabled.
To cancel the settings:
10
53
5.2 BIN Measurement Function
Connect to a test object, and judge the measured value.
The measured value appears on the Main Display, and the decision result appears on the Sub Display.
Measured value
Decision result
(BIN0: in range, BIN2: out of range)
❖
Interpreting decision
Upper and lower thresholds are stored as the actual entered digits, independent of measurement function and range.
When the measurement function or range is changed, the absolute value represented by the entered digits changes accordingly.
Example: To set the lower threshold to 3.8
Ω
in the 20
Ω
range, enter
038000. If you now switch to the 200 Ω range, the lower threshold becomes 38
Ω
.
54
5.2 BIN Measurement Function
Judging measured values by setting a reference value and tolerance
(BIN Measurement Function)
Example: In the 20 Ω range, set up two comparisons using a reference value and tolerance for each (BIN0:Reference value 15 Ω /tolerance: 5%, BIN2:Reference value
15 Ω /tolerance: 2%).
1
(BIN off) Confirm that the BIN Measurement function is OFF.
2 Select the appropriate range.
(Main Display) In this case, select the 20
(20.0000
Ω
)
Ω
range.
3
4
(SHIFT Lamp lit)
The Bin No. setting display appears. ( BIN lit)
(Main Display)
BIN No. BIN No. enabled/disabled
Select the BIN No. (BIN No. = 0 to 9)
(Main Display)
In this case, select 0 .
5
6
Select whether this BIN No. is to be enabled or disabled.
(Main Display)
In this case, select on .
- .......... BIN measurement for this BIN No. is disabled.
on ......... BIN measurement for this BIN No. is enabled.
Switches to comparison method selection for measurements.
Select the comparison method. Each key-press changes the displayed selection.
(Sub Display)
Compare with upper/low thresholds
Compare with reference value/ tolerance
In this case, select REF/% .
9
10
7
Or ten-keys
55
5.2 BIN Measurement Function
Switches to reference/tolerance (%) setting display. Set the reference value and tolerance.
(Main Display)
(Sub Display)
In this case, set the reference value to 15
Ω and the tolerance to 5 %.
Reference value
Tolerance
Measured Resistance - Reference value
Reference value
x 100
Using the RANGE keys: Using the ten-keys:
Select a digit to change by moving the blinking location, then select the new numerical value.
Press the numeric keys corresponding to the digits to be entered.
Select a digit
Select numerical value
8 Returns to the Main Display of this BIN No.
Repeat Steps 3 to 7 for each BIN No.
In this case, select as follows.
In this case, select BIN2 as shown at the left.
BIN2
Reference value: 15
Ω
Tolerance: 2%
Applies setting and returns to the Measurement display.
The BIN function is enabled.
To cancel the settings:
However, when changing the BIN number, the settings are retained.
Connect to a test object, and judge the measured value.
The absolute value appears on the Main Display, and the decision result appears on the Sub Display.
Absolute value
Decision result
(BIN0: in range, BIN2: in range)
❖
Interpreting decision
56
5.2 BIN Measurement Function
Executing BIN Measurements
( BIN lit)
The BIN measurement function is enabled. Pressing the BIN key executes decision according to the setting conditions.
Measured value
BIN No.
0 1 2 3 4
Decision results of each BIN.
PASS: BIN Nos. 1, 3, 5, 7
FAIL: BIN Nos. 2, 6
Disabled: BIN Nos. 0, 4, 8, 9 5 6 7 8 9
• Numerals (0 to 9): Numbers of the BINs that PASS
(Measured value is within the range of the conditions set for the displayed BIN No.)
•
• No Display: FAIL
(Measured value is outside of the range of the conditions set for the nondisplayed BIN No.)
−
: Disabled (no decision)
(Displayed when the BIN No. setting is OFF on the Main Display)
Disabling the BIN Measurement function
(BIN off)
Disables the BIN Measurement function.
• BIN and Comparator measurements cannot be performed simultaneously.
• When BCD output is enabled, BIN measurement results cannot be output as External I/O signals.
❖
BIN No. Output/BCD Signal Selection (Page 86)
• To avoid operating errors, only the following keys are enabled when the BIN function is in use:
SAVE (SHIFT+LOAD), LOAD, STAT, TRIG (for external trigger), and PRINT (when a printer is connected)
❖
5.15 Valid Functions for Each State (Page 79)
• If power is turned off while the setting display is active, settings are ignored, and revert to their former values. If you want to apply the displayed settings, press the ENTER key.
• If auto-ranging is on when BIN measurement is enabled, autoranging is disabled.
• No decision occurs in the event of a measurement fault.
57
5.3 Averaging Function
5.3 Averaging Function
Function
Description
The Averaging Function averages measurement values for output.
This function can minimize instability of displayed values.
The number of samples to average can be set from 2 to 100.
Setting the Number of Samples to Average
1 (SHIFT Lamp lit)
The Averaging Function setting display appears.
(Main Display)
Select ON .
2
(Sub Display)
3 The number of samples to average setting blinks.
(Sub Display)
4
Or ten-keys
Select the number of samples to average.
5
The Average Measurement display appears. ( AVG lit)
Disabling the Averaging Function
1 (SHIFT Lamp lit)
The Averaging Function setting display appears.
(Main Display)
Select OFF .
2
(Sub Display)
3
The Averaging Function is disabled. (AVG off)
• When the internal trigger is used for continuous measurement
(free-run), the display shows the moving average (default setting).
Otherwise, the display shows the integrating average.
❖
Trigger setting: 5.11 Trigger Function (Page 70)
❖
• When FAST sampling rate is used and measurement current is small (approx. 100
μ
A or less), power line noise may cause instability in measurement values. In such cases, even increasing the number of samples to average may not provide significant improvement. To suppress the noise, thoroughly shield the test object and leads, or change to MEDIUM, SLOW1 or SLOW2 sampling rate.
58
5.4 Temperature Correction Function (TC)
5.4 Temperature Correction Function (TC)
Function
Description
The principle of temperature correction (Appendix 2 Temperature
Correction Function (TC) (Page 180)) is used to convert the resistance
measured at ambient temperature to its equivalent resistance at a reference temperature for display.
Be sure to read the following before connecting a temperature sensor to the TC SENSOR terminal on the rear panel.
❖
2.4 Connecting the Temperature Probe (Page 21)
❖
2.5 Connecting an Analog Output Thermometer (Page 22)
Selecting the Temperature Correction Function
1
(SHIFT Lamp lit)
The Menu display appears.
2 The TC/
Δ
t selection display appears. (Refer to the Menu display (Page
(Main Display)
(Sub Display)
3
Select CrrCt (Temperature Correction).
Applies setting and returns to the Measurement display.
Making Temperature Correction Settings (Reference Temperature and
Temperature Coefficient)
1 (SHIFT Lamp lit)
The Temperature Correction setting display appears.
(Main Display)
2
3
Or ten-keys
Set the reference temperature and temperature coefficient.
(Sub Display)
Reference temperature (-10.0 to 99.9
° C)
Temperature Coefficient (-99999 to 99999 ppm)
Applies setting and returns to the Measurement display. ( TC lit)
At this time, the value of resistance adjusted by the temperature correction with the current settings is displayed.
To cancel the settings:
5.4 Temperature Correction Function (TC)
Enabling/Disabling Temperature Correction
TC lit .........Temperature Correction enabled
TC off ........Temperature Correction disabled
59
An error appears when you press the TC/
Δ t key
The 9451 TEMPERATURE PROBE may not be connected, or may be connected incorrectly. If Temperature Correction cannot be enabled, check the connections of the temperature probe.
• Temperature Correction does not work if the temperature probe is allowed to touch the test object. Only the ambient temperature of the immediate locale should be used.
• Install the temperature probe and allow at least 60 minutes warmup before measurement. Unless the test object and temperature probe used for temperature correction measurement have been allowed to completely stabilize at ambient temperature, large measurement errors may occur.
• If the temperature probe is not inserted all the way into the TC
SENSOR jack on the rear of the instrument, large measurement errors may occur.
60
5.5 Temperature Conversion Function (
Δ t)
5.5 Temperature Conversion Function (
Δ t)
Function
Description
The temperature conversion principle (Appendix 3 Temperature
Conversion Function (Dt) (Page 182)) is used to derive temperature
increase over time.
When using the Temperature Conversion function, the following functions are not available:
Comparator, BIN and Statistical Calculation functions
The Temperature Conversion function is disabled at the factory before shipping.
Use the following procedure to enable the Temperature Conversion function. In this case, the
Temperature Correction function is disabled.
Selecting the Temperature Conversion Function
1
(SHIFT Lamp lit)
The Menu display appears.
2 The TC/
Δ t selection display appears. (Refer to the Menu display
(Main Display)
(Sub Display)
3
Select Conv (Temperature Conversion).
Applies setting and returns to the Measurement display.
61
5.5 Temperature Conversion Function (
Δ t)
Setting the Conversion Constant
1
(SHIFT Lamp lit)
The constant setting display appears.
2
Or ten-keys
Set the reciprocal (k) of the temperature coefficient at 0 ° C, initial resistance (R1) and initial temperature (t1).
(Main Display)
Initial resistance (R1) [0 m
Ω
to 110 M
Ω
]
(Sub Display)
Initial temperature (t1) [-10.0 to 99.9
° C]
Reciprocal (k) of the temperature coefficient at 0 ° C
(-999.9 to 999.9)
3 k Reference Value
Recommended by IEC60034 as follows:
• Copper: k = 235
• Aluminum: k = 225
❖
Applies setting and returns to the Measurement display.
To cancel the settings:
Enabling/Disabling Temperature Conversion
Δ t lit ...........Temperature Conversion enabled.
Δ t off..........Temperature Conversion disabled.
62
5.6 Statistical Calculation Functions
5.6 Statistical Calculation Functions
Function
Description
The mean, maximum, minimum, overall standard deviation, standard deviation of sample and process capability indices are calculated and displayed for up to 30,000 measurement values.
The calculation formulas are as follows:
Mean ∑ x x
= n
Overall standard deviation
σ =
∑ x
2 n
− n x
2
Standard deviation of sample s
=
∑ x
2 n
−
−
1 n x
2
Process capability index
(dispersion)
Cp
=
Hi
−
Lo
6
σ n
−
1
Process capability index
(bias)
CpK
=
(=
σ n
)
(=
σ n-1
)
Hi
−
Lo
−
Hi
+
Lo
−
2 x
6
σ n
−
1
• In these formulas, n represents the number of valid data samples.
• Hi and Lo are the upper and lower thresholds of the comparator.
• The process capability indices represent the quality achievement capability created by a process, which is the breadth of the dispersion and bias of the process' quality. Generally, depending on the values of Cp and CpK, process capability is evaluated as follows:
Cp, CpK>1.33................... Process capability is ideal
1.33
≥
Cp, CpK>1.00........ Process capability is adequate
1.00
≥
Cp, CpK................. Process capability is inadequate
• When only one valid data sample exists, standard deviation of sample and process capability indices are not displayed.
• When
σ n-1
is 0, Cp and Cpk are 99.99.
• The upper limit of Cp and CpK is 99.99. Values of Cp and
CpK>99.99 are displayed as 99.99.
• When the BIN function is enabled, Cp and CpK are calculated using the upper and lower thresholds of the comparator.
• Negative values of CpK are handled as CpK=0.
• Values measured by the Temperature Conversion function (
Δ t) cannot be used in statistical calculations.
• Changing settings for the Comparator, BIN or Temperature
Correction functions while performing statistical calculations invalidates calculation results.
5.6 Statistical Calculation Functions
Enabling/Disabling the Statistical Calculation Function
1 The Statistical Calculation display appears.
(Main Display)
(Sub Display)
63
2 The function enable/disable display appears.
(Sub Display)
3
Enable or disable the calculation function on the Sub Display.
on ........ enables the calculation function (ON).
oFF ...... disables the calculation function (OFF).
Applies setting and returns to the Measurement display.
To cancel the settings:
• Statistical Calculation function setting (ON, OFF) is not available when the Comparator or BIN function is enabled.
• If Statistical Calculation is turned off and then back on without first clearing calculation results, it resumes calculating from the point when it was turned off.
• The Statistical Calculation function slows measurements when it is
ON.
Clearing Statistical Calculation Results
1 The Statistical Calculation display appears.
(Main Display)
(Sub Display)
2 The Clearing screen will appear.
(Sub Display)
3
Clears statistical calculation results.
64
5.6 Statistical Calculation Functions
Automatic Clearing of Statistical Calculation Results after Printing
The 3541 can be set to automatically clear statistical calculation results after results are output to the printer.
1 The Statistical Calculation display appears.
(Main Display)
(Sub Display)
2
3
Bring up Auto Clearing After Printing in the Setup screen.
(Sub Display)
Turn Automatic Clearing After Printing on or off.
on .........Automatically clears statistical calculation results after they are output to the printer.
oFF .......Does not clear the results themselves.
Applies setting and returns to the Measurement display.
To cancel the settings:
Importing Data
Pressing the TRIG key while Statistical Calculation is ON executes one of the following operations:
• External Trigger: Takes one measurement and performs statistical calculation on the result
• Internal Trigger: Performs statistical calculation on the value displayed immediately after pressing
•
∗
TRG command executes the same operation.
• Grounding the TRIG terminal of the EXT I/O connector executes the same operation.
65
5.6 Statistical Calculation Functions
Confirming Statistical Calculation Results
1
The Statistical Calculation display appears.
2 The indication on the display changes as follows with each key-press.
(Sub Display)
Total data count
→
Mean (indicated as "Average")
→
Maximum
→
Minimum sample
→
Overall standard deviation
→
Standard deviation of
→
Process capability indices
→
ON/OFF setting
→
Auto
Clearing After Printing setup
→
Clear setup
Total data count Mean
Valid data
Mean
Maximum
Maximum
Data Sample
No.
Minimum
Maximum
Data Sample
No.
Overall standard deviation Standard deviation of sample
Process capability indices
Cp
Cpk
Auto Clearing After
Printing setup
ON/OFF setting
Clear setup
• No calculation results can be displayed when there are no valid data samples.
• When only one valid data sample exists, standard deviation of sample and process capability indices cannot be displayed.
Sending Statistical Calculation Results to the Printer
With the statistical calculation results displayed, press the PRINT key.
The statistical calculation results are output to the optional printer.
❖
Chapter 7 Printer (Optional) (Page 93)
66
5.7 Offset Voltage Compensation (OVC)
5.7 Offset Voltage Compensation (OVC)
Function
Description
This function automatically compensates for the effects of
thermoelectromotive force (Appendix 4 Effect of Thermoelectromotive
Force (Page 183)) and internal offset voltage of the instrument.
• With the 2
Ω
or higher range and the 200 m
Ω
range (100 mA measurement current)
Displays the true measurement value as follows by measuring R
ON with measurement current on, then R
OFF
with measurement current off.
R
ON
- R
OFF
• With the 20 m Ω and 200 m Ω ranges (1 A measurement current)
Displays the true measurement value as follows depending on measurement R
P
(>0) with current flow in the positive direction and measurement R
N
(<0) with current flow in the negative direction.
R –
2
R
N
Enabling/Disabling Offset Voltage Compensation
(SHIFT Lamp lit)
OVC lit......... Offset Voltage Compensation enabled
OVC off ....... Offset Voltage Compensation disabled
67
5.7 Offset Voltage Compensation (OVC)
• When the thermal capacity of the test object is small, the Offset
Voltage Compensation function may be ineffective.
• When the test object is inductive, some delay is necessary after switching current on or off before starting measurement.
To ensure that inductance does not affect the measurement, the delay setting should aim for about 10 times the value calculated
delay sets about 100 ms delay presuming that R and L have similar values.
t
= −
L
R ln
⎛
⎜⎜ 1
−
IR
V
O
⎞
⎟⎟
L.......... Inductance of test object
R ......... Resistance of test object + test leads + contacts
I........... Measurement current (refer to 9.2 Accuracy (Page 172))
V
O
....... Open-terminal voltage (refer to 9.2 Accuracy (Page 172))
• The setting is ignored in the 100 k Ω range and higher.
• Even when a test object is purely resistive, a delay of about 1 to 10 ms is required. To adjust the delay, begin with a longer delay than necessary, then gradually shorten it while watching the measured value.
• If using the Zero-Adjust function, execute it after making any changes to Offset Voltage Compensation.
• When Offset Voltage Compensation is enabled (OVC lit) measurement time is increased.
❖
6.3 Timing Chart; Measurement Time (Page 90)
68
5.8 Self-Calibration
5.8 Self-Calibration
Function
Description
To enhance measurement precision, this instrument performs selfcalibration to compensate for internal circuit offset voltage and gain drift.
With SLOW1 and SLOW2 sampling, self-calibration is performed once for each measurement. The settings here do not apply when SLOW1 or SLOW2 is selected.
With FAST and MEDIUM sampling, to increase measurement speed, self-calibration is performed only with the timing specified as follows.
• Self-calibration: Auto
Self-calibration is performed for about 55 ms once every 30 minutes.
• Self-calibration: Manual
Self-calibration is performed when the CAL terminal of the EXT I/O connector is connected to GND.
Self-calibration should always be performed after warm-up.
Setting Auto or Manual Self-Calibration (FAST or MEDIUM)
1
(SHIFT Lamp lit)
The Menu display appears.
2 The self-calibration setting display appears.
(Refer to the Menu display (Page 15))
(Main Display)
(Sub Display)
3
Select Auto or Manual on the Sub Display.
AUto ..... Auto self-calibration
In .......... Manual self-calibration
Applies setting and returns to the Measurement display.
Self-calibration is performed in the following cases regardless of the above settings:
• When the range is changed
• When the sampling rate is changed
• When a Load operation (refer to 5.13 Panel Load Function (Page
• When a reset is performed
• When the measurement function is changed.
To obtain the specified accuracy, perform self-calibration in the following cases:
• After warm-up
• When the ambient temperature changes by 2
°
C or more
Triggers occurring during self-calibration are delayed so that the corresponding measurement occurs only after self-calibration has finished. When using an external trigger, measurement may occur at unintended times, in which case we suggest selecting Manual selfcalibration.
69
5.9 Key Beeper Setting
5.9 Key Beeper Setting
Function
Description
Select whether a beep sounds when an operating key on the front of the instrument is pressed.
Setting the Key Beeper ON/OFF
1
(SHIFT Lamp lit)
The Menu display appears.
2 The key beeper setting display appears.
(Refer to the Menu display (Page 15))
(Main Display)
(Sub Display)
3
The current setting of the key beeper blinks.
Select the key beeper state on the Sub Display.
on ........ Key beeper enabled oFF ...... Key beeper disabled
Applies setting and returns to the Measurement display.
5.10 Key-Lock Function
Function
Description
Executing Key-Lock disables the operating keys on the front of the instrument. This function can be useful for protecting settings.
Enabling/Disabling Key-Lock
1
Set the appropriate measurement conditions.
2 (SHIFT Lamp lit)
LOCK lit ........ Key-Lock is enabled.
LOCK off ....... Key-Lock is disabled.
• Even if the power supply is interrupted, the Key-Lock function is not canceled.
• When Key-Lock is enabled while using an external trigger, the
TRIG key remains operational.
70
5.11 Trigger Function
5.11 Trigger Function
5.11.1 Trigger Source
Function
Description
Two trigger sources are available: internal and external.
• Internal Trigger
Trigger signals are automatically generated internally.
When using the internal trigger source, measurement current flows continuously.
• External Trigger
Trigger signals are provided externally or manually.
Selecting an Internal or External Trigger Source
Press when EXT.TRIG
is lit.
(SHIFT Lamp lit)
EXT.TRIG off ...... Internal triggering is selected.
EXT.TRIG
lit ....... External triggering is selected.
Measurement with
External Triggering
External triggering can be provided in three ways:
• By key operation
Pressing the TRIG key triggers one measurement.
• By External I/O input
Grounding the TRIG terminal of the rear panel EXT I/O connector triggers one measurement.
❖
6.2 Signal Descriptions (Page 82)
• Sending a trigger command via the interface:
Sending the " ∗ TRG" command via the interface triggers one measurement.
71
5.11 Trigger Function
• When the Internal Trigger source is enabled, the EXT I/O signal and the "
∗
TRG" command are ignored.
• When using external triggering, current flows while measuring with the Low-Power Resistance function in all ranges, and with the
Resistance Measurement function, in the 20 m
Ω
to 20
Ω
ranges.
❖
• The response time depends on the test object, so some Delay should always be set. Initially set a long Delay, then while watching the measured value, shorten it gradually.
❖
5.11.2 Trigger Delay and Measurement Fault Detection Time (Page
• Normally, the "continuous measurement" condition occurs when operating from the front panel. When internal triggering is selected, the "Free-Run" condition causes continuous triggering. When external triggering is selected, each trigger causes one measurement.
Continuous measurement can be disabled by setting via RS-232C or GP-IB. When continuous measurement is disabled, triggering is received only according to the timing specified by the host (PC or sequencer).
❖
About trigger commands: (7) Triggering (Page 147)
❖
8.7 Basic Data Importing Methods (Page 155)
72
5.11 Trigger Function
5.11.2 Trigger Delay and Measurement Fault Detection
Time
Function
Description
Trigger delay
Set the delay between trigger signal input and the start of measurement.
By using this function, even when a trigger is input immediately upon connecting to a test object, measurement can be delayed to allow conditions to stabilize.
Two types of trigger delay are available:
• Auto Delay
The delay is set automatically for each range. (see Table below)
• Manual Delay
Set the delay time independently.
The trigger delay can be set with 1 ms resolution from 0.000 to
9.999 s.
Measurement Fault Detection Time
Set the measurement fault detection time before starting measurement (with INDEX = Lo(OFF) set inside this instrument). Any measurement faults that may occur during measurement will be detected.
Although this detection time is normally set to AUTO, you can set the measurement fault detection time to the response time from probe contact with the test object to when measurement is stabilized for more accurate detection of measurement faults.
❖
About Measurement Fault Detection Time (Page 74)
• Auto setting
The measurement fault detection time (i.e., response time before measurement) is set automatically.
20 m
Ω
to 200
Ω
ranges, LP function: 0.833 ms
2 k
Ω
to 100 M
Ω
ranges: 0.500 ms
• Manual setting
The measurement fault detection time is set manually.
The detection time can be set from 0.000 to 9.998 s with 1-ms resolution. Note that the time cannot be set equal to or greater than the delay time.
If the delay time is set to 0.000 s, measurement faults cannot be detected during this period. Therefore, you should set a delay time of at least 1 ms for secure measurement.
Auto Delay Times
Resistance
Measurement
Low-Power
Resistance
Measurement
Range [
Ω
] 20 m 200 m 2 20 200 2 k 20 k 100 k 1 M 10 M 100 M
Delay [ms] OVC OFF
OVC ON
Delay [ms] OVC OFF
OVC ON
30
100 100 100 100 100 100 100
−
−
30
−
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
15
3
−
−
100 100 100 100
−
10 100 500 1000
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
OVC: Offset Voltage Compensation
5.11 Trigger Function
Setting Trigger Delay and Measurement Fault Detection Time
(SHIFT Lamp lit) 1
The Trigger Delay setting display appears.
(Main Display)
(Sub Display)
2
3
The current trigger delay setting blinks.
Select auto or manual delay on the Sub Display.
AUto .... Auto Delay
→
to step 4
SEt ....... Manual Delay
→ to following steps
(When SET is selected)
The numbers indicating the trigger delay blink.
Set the trigger delay.
Or ten-keys
73
4
5
6
Applies setting and the Measurement fault detection time setting display appears.
(Main Display)
(Sub Display)
Or ten-keys
Select Auto or Manual setting of the measurement fault detection time on the Sub Display.
AUto ..... Auto setting of measurement fault detection time
→ to step 7
SEt ....... Manual setting of measurement fault detection time
→ to following steps
(When SET is selected)
The numbers indicating the measurement fault detection time blink.
Set the measurement fault detection time.
7 Applies setting and returns to the Measurement display.
To cancel the settings:
74
5.11 Trigger Function
About Measurement Fault Detection Time
The measurement fault detection function detects measurement leads improperly connected to the test object, and disconnected measurement cables. Unless the connection is secure within a certain time (= response time) before starting measurement, values entered during measurement are not stabilized, resulting in inaccurate measurement values being obtained.
Therefore, measurement faults are detected more securely by starting detection at the beginning of the response time before measurement starts, and continuing until measurement ends.
The following figure shows normal probe contact with a test object and a case of contact delayed (due to, e.g., mechanical fault).
The figure shows that by setting the measurement fault detection time properly, poor measurement due to delayed contact can be detected as a measurement fault.
Measurement response
Contact
接触
For normal
測定応答 measurement
Measurement response
測定異常検出区間 interval
Setting of measurement fault
測定異常検出時間設定 setting screen)
A
Ａ
No abnormal
No abnormal measurement
入力が安定しないうちに before input stabilizes measurement not detected detected
接触が遅れた場合の測定異常検出結
Result of measurement fault detection at delayed contact
If actual probe contact to a test object is delayed under probe connection control, input will not stabilize during measurement because the response time is insufficient for starting measurement.
In such case, the measurement values will be inaccurate.
• When setting measurement fault detection interval A, no measurement fault is detected because no measurement faults occur during this interval.
Indication on the instrument: An inaccurate measurement value is displayed.
• When setting measurement fault detection interval B, a measurement fault that occurs during the first half of this interval is detected.
Indication on the instrument: A measurement fault error is displayed.
75
5.12 Panel Save Function
5.12 Panel Save Function
Function
Description
The current measurement setting state is stored (saved) in nonvolatile memory.
Up to 30 sets of measurement states can be saved.
The measurement settings (state) at the time this function is executed are saved.
Saved measurement states can be reloaded using the Panel Load function, described later.
Saving the Measurement Setting State
(SHIFT Lamp lit) 1
The Panel Saving display appears. The panel number blinks.
(Main Display)
Panel No.
2 Select the panel number to save.
(Main Display) (To save measurement settings as Panel No. 3)
Or ten-keys
3 Saves the measurement setting state and returns to the Measurement display.
To cancel the setting:
Returns to the Measurement display without saving settings.
Saved Items
• If you select a Panel number that was previously saved and press the ENTER key, the contents are overwritten.
• The Key-Lock state can be saved only by the :SYSTem:SAVE remote command.
• Measurement rate
• Function
• Range setting
• Comparator settings
• BIN settings
• Internal/External trigger setting
• Delay setting
• Measurement fault detection time setting
• Zero-Adjust setting
• Averaging setting
• TC setting
• Δ t setting
• OVC setting
• Self-calibration setting
• External I/O BIN/BCD selection
• SYNC/ASYNC Measurement Fault output setting
• Key-Lock
76
5.13 Panel Load Function
5.13 Panel Load Function
Function
Description
Loads the measurement settings saved by the Panel Save function from internal non-volatile memory.
Loading Saved Measurement Settings
1 The Panel Loading display appears. The panel number blinks.
(Main Display)
Panel No.
2
Select the panel number to load.
(Main Display)
(To load measurement settings from Panel No.3)
Or ten-keys
3 Loads the measurement setting state and returns to the Measurement display.
To cancel loading:
Returns to the Measurement display without loading the measurement setting state.
• If an unsaved Panel No. is selected, a warning beep sounds when you press ENTER.
• When selecting a Panel No. with the up/down RANGE keys, only the numbers of previously saved panels appear.
• Loading can also be executed using the TRIG signal and the
LOAD0 to LOAD4 pins of the EXT I/O interface.
❖
Chapter 6 External Control; Input Signals (Page 83)
• Zero-adjust values are also loaded, so be sure to perform a panel save after zero adjustment.
77
5.14 Reset Function
5.14 Reset Function
Function
Description
Two Reset methods are available:
• Reset
Re-initializes all measurement settings except for Panel Save data to their factory defaults.
• System Reset
Re-initializes all measurement settings, including Panel Save data, to their factory defaults.
Executing Reset or System Reset
1
(SHIFT Lamp lit)
The Menu display appears.
2
The Reset display appears. (Refer to the Menu display (Page 15))
(Main Display)
(Sub Display)
3
4
Select the Reset method on the Sub Display.
SEt ....... Reset (initializes measurement settings other than those stored with Panel Save)
SYS ...... System Reset (initialize all measurement settings)
ENTER blinks.
(Sub Display)
5 Executes the Reset.
To cancel:
Returns to the Measurement display without resetting.
System Reset also initializes Panel Save data.
78
5.14 Reset Function
Initial Factory Default Settings
Description
Measurement Function
Resistance Measurement
Range
LP Resistance Measurement
Range
Zero-Adjust
Zero-Adjust Value
Default
Resistance
AUTO
AUTO
Temperature Correction/
Conversion
TC/
Δ t
Temperature Correction Ref
Temp.
Temperature Correction
Coefficient
OFF
0
Temperature
Correction
OFF
20
°
C
3930 ppm
Temperature Conversion
Initial Resistance
Temperature Conversion
Initial Temperature
Temperature Conversion
Constant
Statistical Calculation
Functions
0 m
23 °
235
Ω
C
°
OFF
C
Delay
Delay Time
AUTO
0.000 s
Measurement fault detection AUTO
Measurement fault detection time setting
0.000s
Sampling Rate
Averaging Function
SLOW2
OFF
Average Times 2
Offset Voltage Compensation OFF
Self-Calibration AUTO
Continuous Measurement ON
Description
Trigger Source
Line Frequency
Key Beeper
Key-Lock
Comparator
Comparator Mode
Comparator Upper Threshold 0
Comparator Lower Threshold 0
Comparator Beeper HL
OFF
OFF
Hi/Lo
BIN
BIN Enable/Disable
BIN Mode
BIN Upper Threshold
BIN Lower Threshold
Interface
Default
Internal trigger
60 Hz
ON
OFF
All Disabled
All Hi/Lo
All 0
All 0
RS-232C
Print interval
BIN/BCD Output
Error Output
Input Terminals
0
BIN Output
Async
A
Temperature Sensor
Pt/ Analog /RS-232C
Pt
Analog Temperature
Measurement Constants
200 m
Ω
range measurement current
T1: 0 ° C T2: 500 ° C
V1: 0 V V2: 1 V
1 A
79
5.15 Valid Functions for Each State
5.15 Valid Functions for Each State
●
= Valid,
−
= Invalid,
∗
= Fixed Setting
State
Function
Function selection
Load/Save
●
●
Trigger selection ●
TC/
Δ t ON/OFF
TC/ Δ t Setting
●
●
Statistical Calculation ●
Sampling ●
Averaging setting ●
Comparator ON/OFF ●
Comparator setting ●
BIN ON/OFF
BIN setting
Auto-Ranging
Range selection
0-Adjust execution
Delay setting
OVC ON/OFF
Key-Lock
Zero-Adjust Clear
TC/
Δ t selection
Interface setting
AUTO/MANU
Calibration
●
External I/O BIN/BCD ●
Err Output
Sync/Async
●
Key Click Sound
Line Frequency
Adjustment
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
−
−
−
●
−
−
●
●
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
●
●
●
●
●
●
*1: Display-only
*2: Does not appear on menu display
*3: Auto-Ranging is OFF
∗ ∗
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
∗
∗
∗
●
∗
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
∗ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
∗
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
∗
*1
∗
*1
●
∗
∗
− ● ● ● ● ● ●
∗ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
∗
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
− ● − ●
*3
● ● ● ● ●
∗
−
−
− ●
∗
●
∗ ●
− ● ●
− ●
*3
●
− ● ●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
∗
∗
−
∗
∗
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
− ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
∗
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
∗ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
∗
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
∗ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
∗
*2
∗
*2
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
∗
*2
∗
*2
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
∗
*2
∗
*2
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
∗
*2
∗
*2
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
∗
*2
∗
*2
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
∗
*2
∗
*2
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
∗
*2
∗
*2
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
∗
*2
∗
*2
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
∗
*2
∗
*2
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
80
5.15 Valid Functions for Each State
6.1 External Control and the External Input/Output (EXT I/O) Connector
External Control
Chapter 6
81
6.1 External Control and the External Input/
Output (EXT I/O) Connector
To avoid electrical hazards, observe the following cautions:
• Turn off power to all devices before making connections. Make sure connections are secure so that no wires can become loose during operation and contact conductive parts such as the chassis or test leads.
• Note that INT.GND is grounded. Therefore, if the controller has electric potential relative to ground, a short-circuit hazard exists which may cause an accident.
To avoid damage to the instrument, observe the following cautions:
• Do not apply voltage or current to the EXT I/O terminals that exceeds their ratings.
• When driving relays, be sure to install diodes to absorb counterelectromotive force.
• Be careful not to short-circuit INT.VCC to INT.GND.
• Always provide protective grounding for devices to be connected to external input and output terminals.
External Control
Input Functions
External Output
Terminal
Functions
• External trigger input (TRIG)
• Select Panel No. to load ( LOAD0 to LOAD4 )
• Zero-adjust signal input ( 0ADJ )
• Print Signal input ( PRINT )
• Self-calibration signal input ( CAL )
• End-of-Conversion signal output (EOC)
• Reference signal output (INDEX)
• Measurement Fault signal output (ERR)
• Comparator decision signal output (Hi, IN, Lo)
• BIN signal outputs (BIN0 to BIN9)
*1
• BCD output (BCD1-0 to BCD6-3)
*1
• General-purpose outputs (OUT0 to OUT7)
*2
*1: BIN outputs and BCD outputs cannot both be used simultaneously.
*2: General-purpose outputs (OUT0 to OUT7) are not available when the BCD outputs are selected.
82
6.2 Signal Descriptions
Connector Type
57RE-40500-730B (D29) (manufactured by DDK)
Mating Connector
57-30500 (manufactured by DDK) or equivalent
6.2 Signal Descriptions
Pinout
25 1
50
EXT I/O Connector
26
Pin
21
22
23
24
25
18
19
20
12
13
14
15
16
17
6
7
8
9
10
11
3
4
5
1
2
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
I/O Signal name
LOAD0
LOAD2
LOAD4
TRIG (IN0)
PRINT (IN1)
INT.GND
INT.GND
INT.GND
INT.VCC
INT.VCC
ERR
EOC
IN
BIN0 (BCD1-0)
BIN2 (BCD1-2)
BIN4 (BCD2-0)
BIN6 (BCD2-2)
BIN8 (BCD3-0)
OB (BCD3-2)
(BCD4-0)
(BCD4-2)
OUT0 (BCD5-0)
OUT2 (BCD5-2)
OUT4 (BCD6-0)
OUT6 (BCD6-2)
Pin
46
47
48
49
50
43
44
45
37
38
39
40
41
42
31
32
33
34
35
36
26
27
28
29
30
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
IN
IN
IN
IN
−
I/O Signal name
LOAD1
LOAD3
0ADJ
CAL
Unused
INT.GND
INT.GND
INT.GND
INT.VCC
INT.VCC
INDEX
Hi
Lo
BIN1 (BCD1-1)
BIN3 (BCD1-3)
BIN5 (BCD2-1)
BIN7 (BCD2-3)
BIN9 (BCD3-1)
(BCD3-3)
(BCD4-1)
(BCD4-3)
OUT1 (BCD5-1)
OUT3 (BCD5-3)
OUT5 (BCD6-1)
OUT7 (BCD6-3)
83
6.2 Signal Descriptions
Input Signals __________________________________________________
LOAD0 to LOAD4 Select a Panel No. to load and apply a TRIG signal to load the selected
Panel No. and measure. LOAD0 is the LSB, and LOAD4 is the MSB.
LOAD4 LOAD3 LOAD2 LOAD1 LOAD0 Panel No.
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
∗
30
7
6
9
8
13
12
11
10
3
2
5
4
17
16
15
14
21
20
19
18
25
24
23
22
29
28
27
26
1
∗
0: LOAD terminal shorted to GND
1: LOAD terminal open or connected to 5 V
∗:
When a trigger signal is applied with LOAD0 to LOAD4 set to all 1's or all
0's, no Panel Load occurs.
At least 70 ms is required for the settings to change after executing a
Panel Load (the actual time depends on the particular function, range and sampling rate).
When set to external trigger mode, one measurement is taken upon load completion.
TRIG When the external trigger, one measurement is taken each time the
TRIG signal transitions from High to Low.
In the following cases, the TRIG signal is ignored:
• When using the internal trigger source
• When the Measurement display is not the active display
• When executing Panel Load in Remote state
0ADJ Zero adjustment executes once when the 0ADJ signal transitions from
High to Low.
PRINT The current measurement value prints when the PRINT signal transitions from High to Low.
84
6.2 Signal Descriptions
IN0, IN1 When not using the TRIG and PRINT functions, they can be monitored as general-purpose input terminals with the :IO:IN? command.
❖
8.6.2 Device-Specific Commands; (6) External I/O (Page 146)
CAL When manual self-calibration is selected with FAST or MEDIUM sampling rate, self-calibration begins when the CAL signal transitions from High to Low.
Self-calibration requires about 55 ms to complete.
When the SLOW1 or SLOW2 sampling rate is selected, the CAL signal is ignored.
❖
5.8 Self-Calibration (Page 68)
Output Signals ________________________________________________
ERR
INDEX
EOC
Hi, IN, Lo
BIN0 to BIN9,
OB (Out of BINs)
OUT0 to OUT7
BCD1-0 to
BCD6-3
INT.GND ,
INT.VCC
Indicates a measurement fault.
The Synchronous ERR output setting causes ERR output to be synchronous with EOC output, while with the Asynchronous ERR output setting causes ERR output to follow actual (asynchronous) contact of the probes with the test object.
When simultaneous comparator decision result and ERR output is desired, set the ERR output to Synchronous.
❖
4.5 Measurement Fault Detection Function (Page 43)
❖
Measurement Fault Output Signal (ERR) Setting (Page 86)
The INDEX signal is output during the Trigger Wait, Delay, Self-
Calibration and Calculation states.
This signal is not output while measuring the resistance of test objects.
This signal transitions from Off to On to indicate that the test object can be removed.
This signal indicates the end of a measurement (End-Of-Conversion).
These are the results of comparator decision.
This output indicates the BIN No. that was judged to be IN by the BIN measurement function.
If the decision does not apply to any BIN, the OB signal is output.
When BCD outputs are selected, the BIN signals are not available.
❖
BIN No. Output/BCD Signal Selection (Page 86)
The output signals are controlled by the :IO:OUT command.
❖
8.6.2 Device-Specific Commands; (6) External I/O (Page 146)
These are BCD outputs. BCD1 is the lower digit, and BCD6 the upper digit.
BCDx-0 is the LSB, and BCDx-3 is the MSB.
When BIN outputs are selected, the BCD signals are not available.
Minus signs are not output. Also, temperature measurements are not output as BCD.
❖
BIN No. Output/BCD Signal Selection (Page 86)
These are outputs of the instrument's internal 5 VDC and GND.
ERR Output
85
6.2 Signal Descriptions
• I/O signals should not be used while measurement settings have been changed.
• When the external trigger is selected, the EOC signal and INDEX signal are not output until the first measurement is completed after the power is turned on.
• If it is not necessary to change the measurement conditions, set LOAD0 through LOAD4 to either Hi or Lo.
When ERR output is set to Synchronous, errors are detected during the measurement period and measurement fault detection time setting period. Timing for the Asynchronous ERR setting is as follows:
Trigger
(internal/external)
Delay
EOC output
Trigger
(internal/external)
Measurement Calculation
A B C
• Delay (excluding measurement fault detection function) (A): any measurement fault is ignored
• Measurement fault detection time + measurement (B): the ERR is output immediately upon detection of a fault
• After measurement until the next trigger (C): ERR is output for measurement faults lasting at least 5 ms
Or, the fault is canceled by a valid measurement of at least 5 ms
However, when measuring large inductances, the ERR signal may be output for a period of (C).
❖
4.5 Measurement Fault Detection Function (Page 43)
❖
5.11.2 Trigger Delay and Measurement Fault Detection Time (Page 72)
86
6.2 Signal Descriptions
Instrument Settings ____________________________________________
Measurement Fault Output Signal (ERR) Setting
1
(SHIFT Lamp lit)
The Menu display appears.
2 Select the ERR Output Selection display.
(Refer to the Menu displays (Page 15))
(Main Display)
(Sub Display)
3
4
Select the type of signal to be output on the Sub Display.
SynC ....Synchronous output (synchronized with EOC output)
ASynC .Asynchronous output (not synchronized with EOC output)
Applies settings and returns to the Measurement display.
BIN No. Output/BCD Signal Selection
1
(SHIFT Lamp lit)
The Menu display appears.
2 Select the BIN/BCD Selection display.
(Refer to the Menu displays (Page 15))
(Main Display)
(Sub Display)
3
4
Select the signal output type on the Sub Display.
bIn ........Bin Output (when a BIN No. signal is output), or generalpurpose output (OUT0 to OUT7) bCd ......BCD output (when a BCD signal is output)
Applies settings and returns to the Measurement display.
87
6.2 Signal Descriptions
Setting the EOC Signal
1
(SHIFT Lamp lit)
The Menu display appears.
2 Select the EOC-signal setup screen.
(Refer to the Menu displays (Page 15))
(Main Display)
(Sub Display)
3
4
5
Or ten-keys
Choose the output method for the EOC signal.
HoLd .... Holds the EOC signal after measurement.
→
Go to Step 5.
PULSE . Outputs the specified pulse after measurement.
→
Go to the next step.
(When PULSE is selected)
The number representing the pulse width of the EOC signal will start blinking. Set the pulse width in ms.
Applies settings and returns to the Measurement display.
88
6.3 Timing Chart
6.3 Timing Chart
External Trigger Timing Chart ____________________________________
Open
開放
*1 ERR Output
TRIG Input
TRIG入力
INDEX出力
Reference Signal
*4 IEOC Output
End-of-Measurement Signal
測定終了信号
Setting)
*1: For details, see “ ERR Output (Page 85).”
*2: Only in the 2
Ω
to 100 M
Ω
ranges.
In the 20 m
Ω
and 200 m
Ω
ranges or with the LP function in all ranges, and if the Err (measurement error signal) output is set to Asynchronous, measurement errors are not detected when the measurement current is OFF.
If Err output is set to Synchronous, as with comparator results, measurement error detection results can be obtained when finished measuring.
❖
Measurement Fault Output Signal (ERR) Setting (Page 86)
*3: However, in the 200
Ω
or higher resistance ranges, current flows continuously.
*4: When the EOC signal is set to PULSE, the signal will remain on only for the specified period upon completion of conversion.
89
6.3 Timing Chart
Internal Trigger Timing Chart _____________________________________
*1 INDEX Output
INDEX出力
参照信号
EOC出力
測定終了信号
Signal
*1: When the EOC signal is set to PULSE, the signal will remain on only for the specified period upon completion of conversion.
Panel Load Timing Chart (When the External Trigger) ________________
TRIG Input
TRIG入力
測定開始信号
*1 INDEX Output
参照信号
*1 EOC Output
Measu
測定中
End of
変換終了
*1: When the EOC signal is set to PULSE, the signal will remain on only for the specified period upon completion of conversion.
90
6.3 Timing Chart
Description
Time
Offset Voltage Compensation (OVC)
OFF
Offset Voltage Compensation (OVC)
ON t1
ERR Output response time*1 t2 Measurement trigger pulse width t3 Delay time
100
μ s
100
μ s min t4 Measurement time*2 t5 Calculation time*3 t6 Load time
FAST
MEDIUM
SLOW1
SLOW2
FAST,
MEDIUM
SLOW1, 2
100
μ s
100
μ s min per setting
❖
300
μ s
20 ms (50 Hz)
16.7 ms (60 Hz)
100 ms
400 ms per setting
❖
600
μ s + t3
40 ms + t3 (50 Hz)
33.3 ms + t3 (60 Hz)
200 ms + t3
800 ms + 7 x t3
0.3 ms
55 ms (50 Hz line frequency setting)/
49 ms (60 Hz line frequency setting)
0.3 ms
55 ms (50 Hz line frequency setting)/
49 ms (60 Hz line frequency setting)
70 m s min,190 m s max 70 m s min,190 m s max
*1: For details, see “ ERR Output (Page 85).”
*2: About t4 measurement time
• Even when Averaging is enabled, in the free-run state the moving average is calculated, so measurement time t4 is unchanged.
• Non-free-run calculation (:INITiate:CONTinuous ON;:TRIGger:SOURce IMMediate) times t4 are as follows:
(n = samples to average) t4 Measurement
Time
FAST
MEDIUM
SLOW1
SLOW2
Offset Voltage Compensation (OVC)
OFF
Offset Voltage Compensation (OVC)
ON
0.33 ms x n+80
μ s
20 ms x n (50 Hz)
16.7 ms x n (60 Hz)
100 ms x n
400 ms x n
*3: About t5 calculation time
In the following cases, add the indicated times to calculation time t5:
0.67 ms x n + t3 + 80
μ s
40 ms x n + t3 (50 Hz)
33.3 ms x n + t3 (60 Hz)
200 ms x n + (2n-1)t3
800 ms x n + (8n-1)t3
When the BIN Measurement function is enabled 0.08 ms
When the Temperature Correction function is enabled 0.22 ms
When the Statistical Calculation function is enabled
When BCD external I/O is selected
0.3 ms
0.08 ms
When the reference value/tolerance method of comparator decision is selected
When the measured value is printed
0.15 ms
0.5 ms
❖
5.3 Averaging Function (Page 57)
❖
5.11 Trigger Function (Page 70)
91
6.4 Internal Circuitry
6.4 Internal Circuitry
External Control and External Output Terminal Ratings
I/O type
Output
Input
Open collector
C-MOS
INT.DCV
Internal power output
Logic Electrical specification
35 VDC, 50 mA DC max.
Inverse logic H: 3.8 to 5.0 V, L: 0 to 1.2 V
5 VDC ±10%, 200 mA max.
External Control Terminals_______________________________________
5 V
Circuit Diagram
5 k Ω
H-CMOS Input
100 Ω
0.1
μ
F
GND
Application Examples
5 k Ω
Input
Footswitch etc.
GND
5 k Ω
Input
Photocoupler or equivalent within
PLC
GND
Switch Connection Photocoupler Connection
5 k Ω
Input
GND
Relay or equivalent within
Sequencer
Relay Connection
92
6.4 Internal Circuitry
External Output Terminals _______________________________________
Circuit Diagram
10.5 k Ω
Output
7.2 k Ω
3 k Ω
GND
Open-Collector Output
Application Examples
Output OR Output
Output
Output
50 mA max
Output
GND
GND
35 V max
Wired-OR Relay Connection
Output
50 mA max
35 V max
GND
Output
Inverse-
Logic
Output
50 mA max
35 V max
GND
Inverse-Logic Output Connection
Output
50 mA max
GND 35 V max
Photocoupler or equivalent within
PLC
LED Connection Photocoupler Connection
Printer
(Optional)
7.1 About Printing
93
Chapter 7
7.1 About Printing
The following items can be printed using the optional Model 9670
PRINTER, 9638 RS-232C CABLE, 9671 AC ADAPTER and 9237
RECORDING PAPER:
• Measurement values and decision results
• Statistical calculation results
The following items are required to use the 9670 PRINTER.
• Model 9670 PRINTER (Sanei Electric Model BL-80RSII, supplied with a roll of thermal paper)
• Model 9671 AC ADAPTER (Sanei Electric Model BL-100W)
• Model 9237 RECORDING PAPER (thermal paper 80 x 25 m, 4 rolls)
• Model 9638 RS-232C CABLE
To use the printer with a battery:
• Model 9672 BATTERY PACK (Sanei Electric UR-100 or UR-121)
• Model 9673 BATTERY CHARGER (Sanei Electric NC-LSC01)
• The default communication speed setting of the 9670 printer is
9600 bps.
When using with the 3541, follow the instructions in the 9670 user manual to set the communication speed to 19200 bps.
• The 9670 PRINTER does not include a charging function for the
9672 BATTERY PACK. Use the 9673 BATTERY CHARGER to charge it.
• Read the manuals supplied with the printer and battery charger for the operating procedures.
• As much as possible, avoid printing in hot and humid environments. Otherwise, printer life may be severely shortened.
• Please use only the specified recording paper. Using non-specified paper may not only result in faulty printing, but printing may become impossible.
• If the recording paper is skewed on the roller, paper jams may result.
• Printing is not possible if the front and back of the recording paper are reversed.
94
7.2 Printer Connection
7.2 Printer Connection
Because electric shock and instrument damage hazards are present, always follow the steps below when connecting the printer.
• Always turn off the instrument and the printer before connecting.
• A serious hazard can occur if a wire becomes dislocated and contacts another conductor during operation. Make certain connections are secure.
• To avoid damaging the instrument and printer, do not connect and disconnect the connectors when the power is on.
• If using a cable other than the 9638 RS-232C CABLE, the connector at the instrument end should be a molded type. The metal type (with hooks preventing the surface from being flat) will not fit due to the instrument's design.
The requirements for a printer to be connected to the instrument are as follows.
Confirm compatibility and make the appropriate settings on the printer before connecting it to the instrument.
• Interface ........................... RS-232C
• Characters per line ........... At least 40
• Communication speed...... 19200 bps
• Data bits ........................... 8
• Parity ................................ none
• Stop bits............................ 1
• Flow control ...................... none
7.2 Printer Connection
Connecting the 9670 PRINTER to the Instrument
4 3541
9670 PRINTER
3
2
9671 AC ADAPTER
9638 RS-232C CABLE
For battery operation, use a fully charged
Model 9672 BATTERY PACK.
❖
Charging the Battery Pack (Page 97)
1.
Confirm that the instrument and 9670 PRINTER are turned off.
2.
Connect the 9671 AC
ADAPTER to the 9670
PRINTER, and insert the power plug into an outlet.
3.
Connect the 9638 RS-232C
CABLE to the RS-232C connectors on the instrument and printer.
4.
Turn the instrument and printer on.
95
Connector Pinouts
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9
3541 (9-pin) Connector
Function
Receive Data
Transmit Data
Signal or Common Ground
Signal
Name
RxD
TxD
GND
Pin
2
3
5
Pin
7
4
5
2
3
25 ....................... 14
9670 (25-pin) Connector
Signal
Name
TxD
RxD
GND
RTS
CTS
Function
Transmit Data
Receive Data
Signal or Common Ground
Request to Send
Clear to Send
96
7.2 Printer Connection
Loading Recording Paper
Paper insertion slot
9670 PRINTER
Load the recording paper into the
9670 PRINTER.
Note the paper orientation!
OK
Cut the paper horizontally.
Handling and Storing Recording Paper
The recording paper is thermally and chemically sensitized. Observe the following precautions to avoid paper discoloration and fading.
Avoid exposure to direct sunlight.
Avoid exposure to volatile organic solvents like alcohol, ethers and ketones.
Do not store thermal paper above 40
°
C or 90%
RH.
Avoid contact with adhesive tapes like soft vinyl chloride and cellophane tape.
Avoid stacking with wet
Diazo copy paper.
• Store thermal paper where its temperature will not exceed 40
°
C.
• The paper will deteriorate if exposed to light for a long time, so do not remove rolls from their wrappers until ready to use.
• Make photocopies of recording printouts that are to be handled or stored for legal purposes.
7.2 Printer Connection
97
Charging the Battery Pack
1.
Plug the charger power cord into an outlet.
2.
Insert the battery pack by sliding it in the direction indicated by the arrow.
Align the marks on the battery pack and charger
Installing the Battery Pack in the Printer
1.
Remove the battery compartment cover by sliding it in the direction indicated by the arrow.
Battery Pack
2.
Install the battery pack with its arrow pointing as shown at the left.
98
7.3 Interface Selection
7.3 Interface Selection
Set the Instrument Interface selection to Printer
1
(SHIFT Lamp lit)
The Menu display appears.
2 Select the Interface Selection display.
(Refer to the Menu displays (Page 15))
(Main Display)
3
4
Or ten-keys
(Sub Display)
Print interval
Select Printer on the Sub Display.
rS.......... RS-232C
GP-Ib.... GP-IB
Prn ....... Printer
Set the print interval time.
0000 .............. Interval printing is OFF. (Printing is carried out once when PRINT key is pressed.)
0001 - 3600 ... Sets the print interval time in seconds.
Applies settings and returns to the Measurement display.
While carrying out temperature measurement via the RS-232C interface, the printing functions are not available.
❖
Temperature measurement via RS-232C interface (using the 3444/3445
TEMPERATURE HiTESTER+ 3909 INTERFACE PACK) (Page 35)
7.4 Setting of the 9670 PRINTER
Turn the 9670 PRINTER on while holding the FEED button.
Then press SELECT to set as needed according to print results.
The settings are as follows:
International char = Japan
Print mode = Graphic
Character set = 24Dot ANK Gothic type
Select switch = Enabled (ON)
Baud rate =19200 bps
Bit length = 8 bits
Parity = None
Data control = SBUSY
Paper selection = Normal paper
Upright/inverted = Upright printing
Auto power off = Enabled (ON) [as needed]
Battery mode = Disabled (OFF) [as needed]
99
7.5 Printing
7.5 Printing
Printing Measured Values and Decision Results _____________________
From the Measurement display, press the PRINT key or ground the
PRINT pin in the EXT I/O connector to print the measured value and decision result.
• When using the external trigger, if you want to print after a triggered measurement finishes, connect the EOC signal of the
External I/O to the PRINT signal.
• To print all measurements continuously, connect the EOC signal to the PRINT signal and enable the internal trigger.
• When the statistical calculation function is on and the internal trigger is selected, the TRIG key or TRIG signal will trigger statistical calculation and printing of the current measurement value.
Interval printing ________________________________________________
This function allows you to automatically print out measurement results at preset intervals. The print interval time must be set from the
Interface Selection display.
❖
7.3 Interface Selection (Page 98)
The setting range is 1 to 3600 seconds.
When the print interval time is set to "0", interval printing is disabled, and only normal printing is carried out.
Operation when interval printing is selected
1. Start printing by pressing the PRINT key or sending the PRINT signal via EXT I/O.
2. Elapsed time (hours/minutes/seconds)
*1
and measurement values are printed automatically at intervals corresponding to the preset interval time.
3. Stop printing by pressing the PRINT key or sending the PRINT signal via EXT I/O again.
*1 When the printed elapsed time reaches 100 hours, it resets to
00:00:00 and continues from zero.
(Example)
After 99 hours, 59 minutes and 50 seconds: 99:59:50
After 100 hours, 2 minutes and 30 seconds: 00:02:30
Printing Statistical Calculation Results_____________________________
From the Statistical Calculation display, press the PRINT key to print statistical calculation results. If no valid data exists, only the data count is printed. When only one valid data sample exists, standard deviation of sample and process capability indices cannot be printed.
❖
5.6 Statistical Calculation Functions (Page 62)
100
7.5 Printing
Example Printouts _____________________________________________
Resistance measurements
38.418mOhm
38.55mOhm
0.0403 Ohm
0.06 Ohm
- 0.498kOhm
19.9950kOhm
10.0117MOhm
With BIN ON
1200.06 Ohm 0
1200.16 Ohm 45
1200.19 Ohm 6
1200.12 Ohm 23
1200.26 Ohm 9
Temperature measurements
0.7 C
7.2 C
73.7 C
- 0.8 C
- 7.3 C
- 75.5 C
With
Δ
T ON
119.1 C
- 63.8 C
With the Comparator ON
109.558MOhm Hi
109.542MOhm IN
109.546MOhm Lo
O.F. Hi
- O.F. Lo
Interval print
00:00:00 431.95mOhm
00:00:01 431.95mOhm
00:00:02 431.95mOhm
00:00:03 431.95mOhm
00:00:04 431.94mOhm
00:00:05 431.95mOhm
With the REF/% comparator function
11.222 % Hi
- 0.100 % IN
- 90.805 % Lo
With erroneous measurement values
O.F.
- O.F.
Invalid
CurrErr
Sens Hi
Sens Lo
Statistical Calculations (Comparator ON)
Number 11
Valid 10
Average 1200.16 Ohm
Max 1200.20 Ohm( 9)
Min 1200.13 Ohm( 1)
Sn 24.104mOhm
Sn-1 25.408mOhm
Cp 0.19
CpK 0.03
Comp Hi 4
Comp IN 6
Comp Lo 0
Statistical Calculations (BIN ON)
Number 12
Valid 11
Average 1209.25 Ohm
Max 1300.15 Ohm( 12)
Min 1200.10 Ohm( 9)
Sn 28.744 Ohm
Sn-1 30.147 Ohm
Cp 0.00
CpK 0.00
1200.06 Ohm to 1200.08 Ohm 0
1200.08 Ohm to 1200.10 Ohm 1
1200.10 Ohm to 1200.12 Ohm 1
1200.12 Ohm to 1200.14 Ohm 2
1200.14 Ohm to 1200.16 Ohm 1
1200.16 Ohm to 1200.18 Ohm 3
1200.18 Ohm to 1200.20 Ohm 5
1200.20 Ohm to 1200.22 Ohm 2
1200.22 Ohm to 1200.24 Ohm 0
1200.24 Ohm to 1200.26 Ohm 0
Out of BIN 1
Invalid 1
When the measurement value is shown as “Invalid” upon printout, the display of the 3541 will show “------.”
“Valid” indicated that the statistical calculation result accurately reflects the result data excluding measurement error and OF data.
8.1 Overview and Features
+ 120
RS-232C/GP-IB
Interfaces
Chapter 8
101
Before Use
This chapter describes the GP-IB and RS-232C interfaces, using the following symbols to indicate which information pertains to each interface. Sections with neither of these symbols pertain to both interfaces.
: GP-IB only
: RS-232C only
• Always make use of the connector screws to affix the GP-IB or RS-
232C connectors.
• When issuing commands that contain data, make certain that the data is provided in the specified format.
8.1 Overview and Features
All instrument functions other than power on/off switching can be controlled via GP-IB/RS-232C interfaces.
• Resetting is supported.
• Resetting is supported.
• IEEE 488.2-1987 Common (essential) Commands are supported.
• Complies with the following standard:
Applicable standard IEEE 488.1-1987
*1
• This instrument is designed with reference to the following standard:
Reference standard IEEE 488.2-1987
*2
• If the output queue becomes full, a query error is generated and the output queue is cleared. Therefore, clearing the output queue and query error output from the deadlocked condition
*3
as defined in
IEEE 488.2 is not supported.
While carrying out temperature measurement via the RS-232C interface, the RS-232C/GP-IB communication functions are not available.
❖
Temperature measurement via RS-232C interface (using the 3444/3445
TEMPERATURE HiTESTER+ 3909 INTERFACE PACK) (Page 35)
*1.
ANSI/IEEE Standard 488.1-1987, IEEE Standard Digital Interface for
Programmable Instrumentation.
*2.
ANSI/IEEE Standard 488.2-1987, IEEE Standard Codes, Formats,
Protocols, and Common Commands.
*3.
The situation in which the input buffer and the output queue become full, so that processing cannot continue.
102
8.2 Specifications
8.2 Specifications
8.2.1
RS-232C Specifications
Transfer method
Baud rate
Data length
Parity
Stop bit
Message terminator
(delimiter)
Flow control
Electrical specification
Connector
Communications: Full duplex
Synchronization: Start-stop synchronization
9600 bps
8 bit none
1 bit
Receiving: CR+LF, CR
Transmitting: CR+LF none
Input voltage levels 5 to 15 V : ON
-15 to -5 V: OFF
Output voltage levels 5 to 9 V : ON
-9 to -5 V : OFF
RS-232C Interface Connector Pinout
(Male 9-pin D-sub, with #4-40 attachment screws)
The I/O connector is a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) configuration
Recommended cables:
• Model 9637 RS-232C CABLE (for PC/AT-compatibles)
• Model 9638 RS-232C CABLE (for PC98-series)
❖
8.3.1 Attaching the Connector (Page 103)
8.2.2
GP-IB Specifications
Interface Functions
SH1
AH1
T6
L4
SR1
RL1
PP0
DC1
DT1
C0
All Source Handshake functions are supported.
All Acceptor Handshake functions are supported.
Basic talker functions are supported. Serial poll function are supported. No talk-only mode. The talker cancel function with MLA
(My Listen Address) is supported.
Basic listener functions are supported. No listen-only mode. The listener cancel function with MTA (My Talk Address) is supported.
All Service Request functions are supported.
All Remote/Local functions are supported.
No Parallel Poll function.
All Device Clear functions are supported.
All Device Trigger functions are supported.
No Controller functions are supported.
Operating Code: ASCII codes
8.3 Connections and Protocol Selection
8.3 Connections and Protocol Selection
103
8.3.1 Attaching the Connector
• Always turn both devices OFF when connecting and disconnecting an interface connector. Otherwise, an electric shock accident may occur.
• To avoid damage to the product, do not short-circuit the terminal and do not input voltage to the terminal.
After connecting, always tighten the connector screws. If the connector is not secured, operation may fail to meet specifications, and damage could result.
RS-232C Connector
1 2 3 4 5
Connect the RS-232C cable.
6 7 8 9
Male 9-pin D-sub
#4-40 attaching screws
To connect the instrument to a controller
(DTE), use a crossover cable compatible with the connectors on both the instrument and the controller.
The I/O connector is a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) configuration.
This instrument uses only pins 2, 3 and 5. The other pins are unconnected.
Pin
No.
Mutual connection circuit name
CCITT EIA
Circuit No.
Code
Addr.
JIS
Code
Addr.
Signal
Name
1
2 unused
Receive Data Receive Data
3
4
Transmit Data Send Data
Data Terminal
Ready
Data Terminal
Ready
5 Signal Ground Signal Ground
8
9
6 unused
7 Request to Send Request to Send
Clear to Send unused
Clear to Send
104
103
108/2
102
105
106
BB
BA
CD
AB
CA
CB
RD
SD
ER
SG
RS
CS
RxD
TxD
DTR
GND
RTS
CTS
104
8.3 Connections and Protocol Selection
Connecting to a PC/AT-
Compatible (DOS/V)
Machine
Use a crossover cable with female 9-pin D-sub connectors.
Crossover Wiring
Female 9-pin D-sub
3541-end
Pin No.
DCD
RxD
1
2
TxD
DTR
GND
DSR
RTS
CTS
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Female 9-pin D-sub
PC/AT-end
Pin No.
1
2
DCD
RxD
5
6
3
4
TxD
DTR
GND
DSR
7
8
9
RTS
CTS
Recommended cable:
HIOKI
9637 RS-232C
CABLE (1.8 m)
Connecting to an NEC
PC9801 or PC9821
Series Desktop PC
(excluding NX)
Use a crossover cable with a female 9-pin D-sub and a male 25-pin
D-sub connector.
As the figure shows, RTS and CTS pins are shorted together and crossed to DCD in the other connector.
Crossover Wiring
Male 25-pin D-sub
PC-end
Pin No.
Recommended cable:
Female 9-pin D-sub
3541-end
Pin No.
DCD
RxD
1
2
TxD
DTR
GND
DSR
RTS
CTS
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
6
7
8
20
4
5
2
3
TxD
RxD
RTS
CTS
DSR
GND
DCD
DTR
HIOKI
9638 RS-232C
CABLE (1.8 m)
Note that the combination of a dual male 25-pin D-sub cable and a 9to 25-pin adapter cannot be used.
GP-IB Connector
Connecting a GP-IB cable.
Recommended cable:
9151-02 GP-IB CONNECTOR CABLE
(2 m)
9151-04 GP-IB CONNECTOR CABLE
(4 m)
105
8.3 Connections and Protocol Selection
8.3.2 Communications Protocol Selection
Selecting the Interface
1
(SHIFT Lamp lit)
The Menu display appears.
2 Select the Interface Selection display.
(Refer to the Menu displays (Page 15))
(Main Display)
(Sub Display)
3
Select RS-232C or GP-IB on the Sub Display.
rS ......... RS-232C
GP-Ib ... GP-IB
Prn ....... Printer
When selecting GP-IB, also set the Address and Message Terminator.
(Sub Display)
Address setting (0 to 30)
Message Terminator setting (LF/CRLF)
Selects the item to set
Setting
Applies settings and returns to the Measurement display.
While carrying out temperature measurement via the RS-232C interface, the RS-232C/GP-IB communication functions are not available.
❖
Temperature measurement via RS-232C interface (using the 3444/3445
TEMPERATURE HiTESTER+ 3909 INTERFACE PACK) (Page 35)
106
8.4 Communication Methods
8.4 Communication Methods
Various messages are supported for controlling the instrument through the interfaces.
Messages can be either program messages, sent from the PC to the instrument, or response messages, sent from the instrument to the
PC.
Program Messages
3541
Response Messages
Message types are further categorized as follows:
Command Message
Program Messages
Messages
Query Message
Response Messages
8.4.1
Message Format
Program
Messages
Program messages can be either Command Messages or Query
Messages.
• Command Messages
Instructions to control the instrument, such as to change settings or reset
Example: (instruction to set the measurement range)
:RESISTANCE:RANGE 100E3
Header portion Space Data portion
• Query Messages
Requests for responses relating to results of operation or measurement, or the state of instrument settings.
Example: (request for the current measurement range)
:RESISTANCE:RANGE?
Header portion Question Mark
❖
For details:Headers (Page 107), Separators (Page 108), Data Formats (Page
Response
Messages
107
8.4 Communication Methods
When a query message is received, its syntax is checked and a response message is generated.
The ":SYSTem:HEADer" command determines whether headers are prefixed to response messages.
Header ON :RESISTANCE:RANGE 110.000E+03
Header OFF 110.000E+03
(the current resistance measurement range is 100 k
Ω
)
At power-on, Header OFF is selected.
If an error occurs when a query message is received, no response message is generated for that query.
No header is applied to commands used only for queries, such as
:FETCH?
and :CALCulate:LIMit:RESult?
.
Command Syntax
Command names are chosen to mnemonically represent their function, and can be abbreviated. The full command name is called the "long form", and the abbreviated name is called the "short form".
The command references in this manual indicate the short form in upper-case letters, extended to the long form in lower case letters, although the commands are not case-sensitive in actual usage.
FUNCTION OK (long form)
FUNC OK (short form)
FUNCT Error
FUN Error
Response messages generated by the instrument are in long form and in upper case letters.
Headers
Headers must always be prefixed to program messages.
(1) Command Program Headers
There are three types of commands: Simple, Compound and
Standard.
• Headers for Simple Commands
This header type is a sequence of letters and digits
:ESE 0
• Headers for Compound Commands
These headers consist of multiple simple command type headers separated by colons " : "
:SAMPle:RATE
• Headers for Standard Commands
This header type begins with an asterisk " * ", indicating that it is a standard command defined by IEEE 488.2.
*RST
(2) Query Program Header
These commands are used to interrogate the instrument about the results of operations, measured values and the current states of instrument settings.
As shown by the following examples, a query is formed by appending a question mark " ?
" after a program header.
:FETCh?
:MEASure:RESistance?
108
8.4 Communication Methods
Message
Terminators
This instrument recognizes the following message terminators:
• LF
• CR+LF
• EOI
• LF with EOI
• CR
• CR+LF
From the instrument's interface settings, the following can be selected as the terminator for response messages.
• LF with EOI (initial setting)
• LF with CR and EOI
• CR + LF (initial setting)
❖
Interface setting: 8.3.2 Communications Protocol Selection (Page 105)
Separators
(1) Message Unit Separator
Multiple message can be written in one line by separating them with semicolons ";".
:SYSTEM:LFREQUENCY 60;*IDN?
• When messages are combined in this way and if one command contains an error, all subsequent messages up to the next terminator will be ignored.
• A query error occurs if a query command is combined with an immediately following semicolon and subsequent command.
(2) Header Separator
In a message consisting of both a header and data, the header is separated from the data by a space " "(ASCII code 20H).
:SYSTEM:OVC V
(3) Data Separator
In a message containing multiple data items, commas are required to separate the data items from one another.
:CALCULATE:BIN:UPPER 3,100000
Data Formats
109
8.4 Communication Methods
The instrument uses character data and decimal numeric data, depending on the command.
(1) Character Data
Character data always begins with an alphabetic character, and subsequent characters may be either alphabetic or numeric.
Character data is not case-sensitive, although response messages from the instrument are only upper case.
:SYSTEM:OVC ON
(2) Decimal Numeric Data
Three formats are used for numeric data, identified as NR1, NR2 and
NR3. Numeric values may be signed or unsigned. Unsigned numeric values are handled as positive values.
Values exceeding the precision handled by the instrument are rounded to the nearest valid digit.
• NR1 Integer data (e.g.: +12, -23, 34)
• NR2 Fixed-point data(e.g.: +1.23, -23.45, 3.456)
• NR3 Floating-point exponential representation data (e.g.: +1.0E-2,
-2.3E+4)
The term "NRf format" includes all three of the above numeric decimal formats.
The instrument accepts NRf format data.
The format of response data is specified for each command, and the data is sent in that format.
:ESR0 106
:FETCH? +106.571
The instrument does not fully support IEEE 488.2. As much as possible, please use the data formats shown in the Reference section.
Also, be careful to avoid constructing single commands that could overflow the input buffer or output queue.
110
8.4 Communication Methods
Compound
Command
Header Omission
When several commands having a common header are combined to form a compound command (e.g., :CALCulate: LIMit:UPPer and
:CALCulate:LIMit:LOWer ), if they are written together in sequence, the common portion (here, :CALCulate:LIMit ) can be omitted after its initial occurrence.
This common portion is called the "current path" (analogous to the path concept in computer file storage), and until it is cleared, the interpretation of subsequent commands presumes that they share the same common portion.
This usage of the current path is shown in the following example:
Full expression
:CALCulate:LIMit:UPPer 110000;:CALCulate:LIMit:LOWer 90000
Compacted expression
:CALCulate:LIMit:UPPer 110000;LOWer 90000
This portion becomes the current path, and can be omitted from the messages immediately following.
The current path is cleared when the power is turned on, when reset by key input, by a colon ":" at the start of a command, and when a message terminator is detected.
Standard command messages can be executed regardless of the current path.
They have no effect upon the current path.
A colon ":" is not required at the start of the header of a Simple or
Compound command. However, to avoid confusion with abbreviated forms and operating mistakes, we recommend always placing a colon at the start of a header.
In this instrument, the current path is as follows
(for both GP-IB and RS-232C):
:CALCulate:LIMit:
111
8.4 Communication Methods
8.4.2 Output Queue and Input Buffer
Output Queue
Input Buffer
Response messages are stored in the output queue until read by the controller. The output queue is also cleared in the following circumstances:
• Power on
• Device clear
• Power on
• Query Error
The output queue capacity of the instrument is 64 bytes. If response messages overflow the buffer, a query error is generated and the output queue is cleared.
Also, with GP-IB, if a new message is received while data remains in the output queue, the output queue is cleared and a query error is generated.
The input buffer capacity of the instrument is 256 bytes.
If 256 bytes are allowed to accumulate in this buffer so that it becomes full, the GP-IB interface bus enters the waiting state until space is cleared in the buffer.
The RS-232C interface will not accept data beyond 256 bytes.
Ensure that the no command ever exceeds 256 bytes.
112
8.4 Communication Methods
8.4.3
Status Byte Register
This instrument implements the status model defined by IEEE 488.2
with regard to the serial poll function using the service request line.
The term "event" refers to any occurrence that generates a service request.
Standard Event Register Description
Service Request
SRQ occurrence
Output Queue data information
Each of these bits corresponds to a specific event register bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 unused
SRQ
MSS
ESB MAV unused unused ESB1 ESB0
Status Byte
Register (STB)
Logical & & & & & & bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 unused 0 ESB MAV unused unused ESB1 ESB0
Service Request
Enable Register
(SRER)
Overview of Service Request Occurrence
The Status Byte Register contains information about the event registers and the output queue. Required items are selected from this information by masking with the Service Request Enable Register.
When any bit selected by the mask is set, bit 6 (MSS; the Master
Summary Status) of the Status Byte Register is also set, which generates an SRQ (Service Request) message and dispatches a service request.
113
8.4 Communication Methods
Status Byte Register (STB)
During serial polling, the contents of the 8-bit Status Byte Register are sent from the instrument to the controller.
When any Status Byte Register bit enabled by the Service Request
Enable Register has switched from 0 to 1, the MSS bit becomes 1.
Consequently, the SRQ bit is set to 1, and a service request is dispatched.
The SRQ bit is always synchronous with service requests, and is read and simultaneously cleared during serial polling. Although the MSS bit is only read by an *STB?
query, it is not cleared until a clear event is initiated by the *CLS command.
Bit 7
Bit 6
SRQ
MSS
Bit 5
ESB
Bit 4
MAV
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
ESB1
Bit 0
ESB0 unused
Set to 1 when a service request is dispatched.
This is the logical sum of the other bits of the Status Byte Register.
Standard Event Status (logical sum) bit
This is logical sum of the Standard Event Status Register.
Message available
Indicates that a message is present in the output queue.
unused unused
Event Status (logical sum) bit 1
This is the logical sum of Event Status Register 1.
Event Status (logical sum) bit 0
This is the logical sum of Event Status Register 0.
Service Request Enable Register (SRER)
This register masks the Status Byte Register. Setting a bit of this register to 1 enables the corresponding bit of the Status Byte Register to be used.
114
8.4 Communication Methods
8.4.4
Event Registers
Standard Event Status Register (SESR)
The Standard Event Status Register is an 8-bit register.
If any bit in the Standard Event Status Register is set to 1 (after masking by the Standard Event Status Enable Register), bit 5 (ESB) of the Status Byte Register is set to 1.
❖
Standard Event Status Register (SESR) and Standard Event Status
Enable Register (SESER) (Page 115)
The Standard Event Status Register is cleared in the following situations:
• When a *CLS command is executed
• When an event register query ( * ESR?) is executed
• When the instrument is powered on
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
PON Power-On Flag
Set to 1 when the power is turned on, or upon recovery from an outage.
User Request unused
CME Command error. (The command to the message terminator is ignored.)
This bit is set to 1 when a received command contains a syntactic or semantic error:
• Program header error
• Incorrect number of data parameters
• Invalid parameter format
• Received a command not supported by the instrument
EXE Execution Error
This bit is set to 1 when a received command cannot be executed for some reason.
• The specified data value is outside of the set range
• The specified setting data cannot be set
• Execution is prevented by some other operation being performed
DDE Device-Dependent Error
This bit is set to 1 when a command cannot be executed due to some reason other than a command error, a query error or an execution error.
• Execution is impossible due to an internal instrument fault
QYE Query Error (the output queue is cleared)
This bit is set to 1 when a query error is detected by the output queue control.
• When an attempt has been made to read an empty output queue (GP-IB only)
• When the data overflows the output queue
• When data in the output queue has been lost unused
OPC Operation Complete (GP-IB only)
This bit is set to 1 in response to an
∗
OPC command.
• It indicates the completion of operations of all messages up to the
∗
OPC command
115
8.4 Communication Methods
Standard Event Status Enable Register (SESER)
Setting any bit of the Standard Event Status Enable Register to 1 enables access to the corresponding bit of the Standard Event Status
Register.
Standard Event Status Register (SESR) and Standard Event Status
Enable Register (SESER) bit 6 bit 5 bit 4
SRQ
MSS
ESB MAV Standard Event Status Register (SESR) bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0
PON URQ CME EXE DDE QYE RQC OPC
Logical sum & & & & & & & & bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0
PON URQ CME EXE DDE QYE RQC OPC
Standard Event Status Enable Register (SESER)
Device-Specific Event Status Registers (ESR0 and ESR1)
This instrument provides two event status registers for controlling events.
Each event register is an 8-bit register.
When any bit in one of these event status registers enabled by its corresponding event status enable register is set to 1, the following happens:
• For Event Status Register 0, bit 0 (ESB0) of the Status Byte Register is set to 1.
• For Event Status Register 1, bit 1 (ESB1) of the Status Byte Register is set to 1.
Event Status Registers 0 and 1 are cleared in the following situations:
• When a *CLS command is executed
• When an Event Status Register query
( :ESR0?
or :ESR1?
) is executed
• When the instrument is powered on
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Event Status Register 0 (ESR0)
BIN1
BIN0
ERR
Hi
IN
Lo
INDEX
EOC
Event Status Register 1
(ESR1)
BIN1
BIN0
BIN9
BIN8
Measurement Fault BIN7
High Comparator Result BIN6
IN Comparator Result BIN5
Low Comparator Result BIN4
End of Measurement
End of Conversion
BIN3
BIN2
BIN9
BIN8
BIN7
BIN6
BIN5
BIN4
BIN3
BIN2
116
8.4 Communication Methods
Event Status Registers 0 (ESR0) and 1 (ESR1), and Event Status
Enable Registers 0 (ESER0) and 1 (ESER1)
Status Byte Register (STB) bit 2 bit 1 bit 0
ESB1 ESB0
Event Status Register 0 (ESR0) bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0
BIN1 BIN0 ERR Hi IN Lo INDEX EOC
Logical sum & & & & & & & & bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0
BIN1 BIN0 ERR Hi IN Lo INDEX EOC
Event Status Enable Register 0 (ESER0)
Logical sum
Event Status Register 1 (ESR1) bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0
BIN9 BIN8 BIN7 BIN6 BIN5 BIN4 BIN3 BIN2
& & & & & & & & bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0
BIN9 BIN8 BIN7 BIN6 BIN5 BIN4 BIN3 BIN2
Event Status Enable Register 1 (ESER1)
Register Reading and Writing
Register
Status Byte Register
Service Request Enable Register
Standard Event Status Register
Standard Event Status Enable Register
Event Status Register 0
Event Status Enable Register 0
Event Status Register 1
Event Status Enable Register 1
Read
∗
STB?
∗
SRE?
∗
ESR?
∗
ESE?
:ESR0?
:ESE0?
:ESR1?
:ESE1?
Write
−
∗
SRE
−
∗
ESE
−
:ESE0
−
:ESE1
GP-IB Commands
The following commands can be used for performing interface functions.
Command Description
GTL
LLO
DCL
Go To Local Cancels the Remote state and enters the Local state.
Local Lock Out Disables all keys, including the LOCAL key.
Device CLear Clears the input buffer and the output queue.
SDC
GET
Selected
Device Clear
Clears the input buffer and the output queue.
Group Execute
Trigger
When an external trigger occurs, processes one sample.
117
8.4 Communication Methods
8.4.5 Initialization Items
Initialization Method At Poweron
●
= initialized,
−
= not initialized
∗
RST
Command
Device
Clear
∗
CLS
Command Item
Device-specific functions
(Range, etc.)
Output Queue
−
●
● −
●
−
Input buffer
Status Byte Register
Event registers
Enable register
Current path
Headers on/off
●
●
●
*3
●
●
●
−
−
−
−
−
−
●
●
−
*1
−
−
●
−
−
−
●
*2
●
−
−
−
*1 Only the MAV bit (bit 4) is cleared.
*2 All bits except the MAV bit are cleared.
*3 Except the PON bit (bit 7).
8.4.6 Local Function
During communications, REMOTE is lit to indicate the remote control state.
To cancel the Remote state
REMOTE off
If the Local Lock Out (Page 116) GP-IB command has been issued,
the Remote state cannot be canceled.
118
8.5 Message List
8.5 Message List
Commands specific to RS-232C or GP-IB are identified by respectively.
or ,
• Any spelling mistake in a message results in a command error.
• < > = contents of the data portion.
[Numeric data values are indicated by format as (NR1), (NR2) and
(NR3), representing integer, fixed-point and floating point decimal data values respectively, or as (NRf), representing any of these formats]
• [ ]: optional
8.5.1
Standard Commands
Command
Data Formats
(Response data
if a Query)
Description Error
∗
∗
∗
∗
∗
∗
CLS
ESE
∗
ESE?
ESR?
IDN?
∗
OPC
∗ OPC?
∗
RST
SRE
SRE?
∗
STB?
∗ TRG
∗
TST?
∗ WAI
0 to 255 (NR1)
0 to 255 (NR1)
0 to 255 (NR1)
<Manufacturer's name>,<Model name>,0,<Software version>
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
1
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
0 to 255 (NR1)
0 to 255 (NR1)
0 to 255 (NR1)
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
0 to 3 (NR1)
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
Clears the event registers and the Status Byte Register *1
Sets the contents of the Standard Event Status Enable
Register
*3
Queries the Standard Event Status Enable Register *2
Queries the Standard Event Status Register *2
Queries the Device ID.
Requests an SRQ after execution completion
Queries execution completion
Initializes the device
Sets the Service Request Enable Register
Queries the contents of the Service Request Enable
Register
Queries the Status Byte Register
Executes one sampling
Initiates a self-test and queries the result
Wait for operations to finish
Error description (an error occurs when executing messages in the following cases):
*1 Command Error .........When data is present after the command
*2 Query Error................When the response message exceeds 64 bytes
*3 Execution Error..........When invalid character or numeric data is present
*4 Execution Error.......... When the command is executed in internal trigger mode
*2
*1
*2
*1
*3
*2
*2
*1,4
*2
*1
Ref page
119
8.5 Message List
8.5.2 Device-Specific Commands
Message ([ ] = optional)
Event registers
:ESE0
:ESE0?
:ESR0?
:ESE1
:ESE1?
:ESR1?
Data Contents
( ) = response data
0 to 255
(0 to 255)
(0 to 255)
0 to 255
(0 to 255)
(0 to 255)
Description
Ref page
Sets Event Status Enable Register 0
Queries Event Status Enable Register 0
Queries Event Status Register 0
Sets Event Status Enable Register 1
Queries Event Status Enable Register 1
Queries Event Status Register 1
Measurement functions
[:SENSe:]FUNCtion
Measurement terminals
[:SENSe:]TERMinal
RESistance,
LPResistance or
TEMPerature
(RESISTANCE,
LPRESISTANCE or
TEMPERATURE)
A or B
(A or B)
Function settings
Function queries
Measurement range
[:SENSe:]LPResistance:RANGe
[:SENSe:]LPResistance:RANGe:AUTO
(2000.00E-3 to
2000.00E+0)
1, 0, ON or OFF
[:SENSe:]LPResistance:RANGe:AUTO?
(ON or OFF)
[:SENSe:]RESistance:RANGe
[:SENSe:]RESistance:RANGe:AUTO
[:SENSe:]RESistance:RANGe:AUTO?
0 to 2000
0 to 110E+6
(20.0000E-3 to
110.000E+6)
1, 0, ON or OFF
(ON or OFF)
Sets Low-Power Resistance measurement range
Queries the Low-Power Resistance measurement range setting
Sets AUTO-ranging for Low-Power
Resistance measurement
Queries the AUTO-ranging Low-Power
Resistance measurement setting
Sets the Resistance measurement range
Queries the Resistance measurement range
Sets AUTO-ranging Resistance measurement
Queries the AUTO-ranging resistance measurement setting
Measurement current selection for 200 m Ω range (with software version 1.13 or later)
:SYSTem:CURRent
:SYSTem:CURRent?
1A / 0.1A
(1A / 0.1A)
Sets measurement current for the
200m Ω range
Queries measurement current setting for the 200 m Ω range
Zero-adjust
(0 or 1) Execute Zero-Adjustment
Cancels zero-adjustment
Selects the Measurement Terminals
Queries the Measurement Terminal selection
Sampling rate
:SAMPle:RATE FAST, MEDium,
SLOW1 or SLOW2
Sets the Sampling Rate
120
8.5 Message List
Message ([ ] = optional)
Data Contents
( ) = response data
(FAST, MEDIUM,
SLOW1 or SLOW2)
Description
Queries the Sampling Rate setting
Temperature correction
:CALCulate:TCORrect:STATe
:CALCulate:TCORrect:PARameter
:CALCulate:TCORrect:PARameter?
1, 0, ON or OFF
(ON or OFF)
<Reference Temp.>,
<Temp. Coefficient>
(<Reference Temp.>,
<Temp. Coefficient>)
Set Temperature Correction execution
Queries the Temperature Correction execution setting
Sets the Temperature Correction constant
Queries the Temperature Correction constant setting
Temperature conversion ( Δ t)
:CALCulate:TCONversion:DELTa:STATe
:CALCulate:TCONversion:DELTa:STATe?
:CALCulate:TCONversion:DELTa:PARa meter
:CALCulate:TCONversion:DELTa:PARa meter?
1, 0, ON or OFF
(ON or OFF)
<Initial Resistance>,<Initial Temp.>,<Constant>
(<Initial Resistance>,
<Initial Temp.>,<Constant>)
Set Temperature Conversion execution
Queries the Temperature Conversion execution setting
Sets the Temperature Conversion constant
Queries the Temperature Conversion constant setting
Ref page
Averaging function
:CALCulate:AVERage
:CALCulate:AVERage?
:CALCulate:AVERage:STATe
:CALCulate:AVERage:STATe?
2 to 100
(2 to 100)
1, 0, ON or OFF
(ON or OFF)
Sets the no. of samples to average
Queries the no. of samples to average setting
Sets Averaging function execution
Queries the Averaging function execution setting
Statistical functions
:CALCulate:STATistics:STATe
:CALCulate:STATistics:MAXimum?
:CALCulate:STATistics:MINimum?
:CALCulate:STATistics:DEViation?
1, 0, ON or OFF
(ON or OFF)
Sets Statistical Calculation function execution
Queries the Statistical Calculation function execution setting
Clears Statistical Calculation results
(<Total data count>,
<Valid data count>)
(<Mean>)
Queries the data count
Queries the mean value
(<Maximum value>,
<Data no.>)
(<Minimum value>,
<Data no.>)
(<Hi count>,<IN count>,
<Lo count>, <Measurement fault count>)
Queries the maximum value
Queries the minimum value
Queries comparator results
(<BIN0 count>,...,<BIN
9 count>,<OUT count>,
<Measurement fault count>)
(<
σ n>,<
σ n-1>)
Queries BIN results
Queries standard deviation
(<Cp>,<Cpk>) Queries the Process Capability Indices
Comparator
:CALCulate:LIMit:STATe 1, 0, ON or OFF Sets comparator execution
Message ([ ] = optional)
:CALCulate:LIMit:BEEPer
:CALCulate:LIMit:MODE
:CALCulate:LIMit:UPPer
:CALCulate:LIMit:LOWer
:CALCulate:LIMit:REFerence
:CALCulate:LIMit:PERCent
121
8.5 Message List
Data Contents
( ) = response data
(ON or OFF)
OFF, HI or IN
(OFF, HI or IN)
HL or REF
(HL or REF)
Description
Ref page
Queries the comparator execution setting
Sets the beep sound
Queries the beep sound setting
Selects the decision mode
Queries the decision mode setting
<Upper threshold> Sets the upper threshold
(<Upper threshold>) Queries the upper threshold setting
(HI, IN, LO, OFF or ERR) Queries the decision result
<Lower threshold>
(<Tolerance (%)>)
Sets the lower threshold
Queries the decision tolerance setting
(<Lower threshold>)
<Tolerance (%)>
Queries the lower threshold setting
Sets the decision tolerance
<Reference Resistance> Sets the reference resistance
(<Reference resistance>) Queries the reference resistance setting
Setting and querying BIN measurements
:CALCulate:BIN:STATe
:CALCulate:BIN:STATe?
:CALCulate:BIN:ENABle
:CALCulate:BIN:ENABle?
:CALCulate:BIN:MODE
:CALCulate:BIN:MODE?
:CALCulate:BIN:UPPer
:CALCulate:BIN:UPPer?
:CALCulate:BIN:LOWer
:CALCulate:BIN:LOWer?
:CALCulate:BIN:REFerence
:CALCulate:BIN:REFerence?
:CALCulate:BIN:PERCent
:CALCulate:BIN:PERCent?
1, 0, ON or OFF
(ON or OFF)
< Enable Mask>
(<Enable Mask>)
Sets BIN measurement execution
Queries the BIN execution state setting
Sets the enable mask
Queries the Enable Mask setting
<BIN No.>,<HL or REF> Sets the decision mode
<BIN No.>,(<HL or REF>) Queries the decision mode setting
<BIN No.>,<Upper threshold>
<BIN No.>,(<Upper threshold>)
<BIN No.>,<Lower threshold>
<BIN No.>,(<Lower threshold>)
<BIN No.>,<Reference resistance>
<BIN No.> (<Reference resistance>)
<BIN No.>,<Tolerance
(%)>
<BIN No.>,(<Tolerance
(%)>)
Sets the upper threshold
Queries the upper threshold setting
Sets the lower threshold
Queries the lower threshold setting
Sets the reference resistance
Queries the reference resistance setting
Sets the decision tolerance
Queries the decision tolerance setting
0 to 1023 Sets the upper threshold
Offset voltage compensation function
:SYSTem:OVC
1, 0, ON or OFF
(ON or OFF)
Temperature measurement (analog input)
:SYSTem:TEMPerature:SENSor
PT or ANALog
(PT or ANALOG)
Set Offset Voltage Compensation function execution
Query Offset Voltage Compensation function execution
Selects the temperature sensor type
Queries the temperature sensor type selection
122
8.5 Message List
Message ([ ] = optional)
:SYSTem:TEMPerature:PARameter
:SYSTem:TEMPerature:PARameter?
Data Contents
( ) = response data
Description
<V1>,<T1>,<V2>,<T2> Sets the analog input scaling constants
(<V1>,<T1>,<V2>, <T2>)
Queries the analog input scaling constant settings
Ref page
Measurement fault detection time
:SYSTem:FDETect:AUTO
:SYSTem:FDETect:AUTO?
:SYSTem:FDETect
:SYSTem:FDETect?
0 to 9.998
(0 to 9.998)
Sets the measurement fault detection.
Queries the measurement fault detection setting.
Sets the measurement fault detection time.
Queries the measurement fault detection time.
Format for Measurement fault data (with software version 1.13 or later)
:SYSTem:FORMat
:SYSTem:FORMat?
CF / NORMal
(CF / NORMAL)
Sets the format for measurement fault data
Queries the format for measurement fault data
Self-Calibration
:SYSTem:CALibration:AUTO
1, 0, ON or OFF
(ON or OFF)
Execute Self-Calibration
Sets automatic self-calibration
Queries the automatic self-calibration setting
Key Beeper
:SYSTem:BEEPer:STATe
Line Frequency
:SYSTem:LFRequency
:SYSTem:LFRequency?
1, 0, ON or OFF
(ON or OFF)
50 or 60
(50 or 60)
Sets the key beeper
Queries the key beeper setting
Selects the AC line frequency
Queries the AC line frequency selection
Key-Lock
:SYSTem:KLOCk
1, 0, ON or OFF
(ON or OFF)
Sets the key-lock
Queries the key-lock setting
Saving and Loading Measurement Setting States
:SYSTem:SAVE
:SYSTem:LOAD
<Table No.>
<Table No.>
Saves the measurement setting state
Loads a measurement setting state
Header Present
:SYSTem:HEADer
ERR Output
:SYSTem:ERRor
1, 0, ON or OFF
(ON or OFF)
Sets header present
Queries the header present setting
SYNChronous or
ASYNchronous
(SYNCHRONOUS or
ASYNCHRONOUS)
Sets error output timing
Queries the error output timing setting
123
8.5 Message List
Message ([ ] = optional)
External I/O Output
:SYSTem:EXTernalout
Delimiter (Terminator)
:SYSTem:TERMinator
System Reset
Data Contents
( ) = response data
Description
BIN or BCD
(BIN or BCD)
0 or 1
(0 or 1)
Ref page
Selects BIN or BCD
Queries the external I/O output selection
Sets the command delimiter
Queries the command delimiter setting
Executes a system reset, including saved measurement setting state data
External I/O
:IO:OUT
Trigger
:INITiate:CONTinuous
:TRIGger:SOURce
:TRIGger:DELay
:TRIGger:DELay:AUTO
0 to 255
(0 to 3)
External I/O Output
External I/O Input
1, 0, ON or OFF
(ON or OFF)
Sets continuous measurement
Queries the continuous measurement setting
Trigger wait setting
IMMediate or EXTernal Sets the trigger source
(IMMEDIATE or
EXTERNAL)
<Delay>
Queries the trigger source setting
Sets the trigger delay
(0 to 9.999)
1, 0, ON or OFF
Queries the trigger delay setting
(ON or OFF)
Sets automatic trigger delay
Queries the automatic trigger delay setting
Reading Measured Values
:MEASure:LPResistance?
:MEASure:RESistance?
<[Expected measurement value] >
<[Expected measurement value] >
Reads the Most Recent Measurement
Waits for trigger and reads the measured value
Presets a specified low-power resistance range, and measures
Presets a specified resistance range, and measures
Reads the Temperature Measurement
Memory Function (software version 1.13 or later)
:MEMory:STATe 1/ 0/ ON/ OFF
:MEMory:STATe?
:MEMory:CLEAr
:MEMory:COUNt?
(ON/ OFF)
(0 to 10)
Changes the Memory function execution setting
Queries the Memory function execution setting
Clears memory data
Queries the number of measurements stored in memory
:MEMory:DATA?
< Memory no> ,
< Measurement value >
Reads the measurements stored in memory
124
8.6 Message Reference
8.6 Message Reference
< > : Indicates the contents (character or numeric parameters)
of the data portion of a message.
Character parameters are returned as all capital letters.
Numeric Parameters:
• NRf Number format may be any of NR1, NR2 and NR3
• NR1 Integer data (e.g.: +12, -23, 34)
• NR2 Fixed-point data(e.g.: +1.23, -23.45, 3.456)
• NR3 Floating-point exponential representation data (e.g.: +1.0E-2, -2.3E+4)
Shows the command description.
Shows the message syntax.
Explains the command data or response message.
Describes the message.
Shows an example of an actual command application.
(Normally described with HEADER ON,
(except the HEADER command itself).)
Read/Write the Standard Event Status Enable Register (SESER)
Syntax Command
∗
ESE <0 to 255(NR1)>
Query
Response
∗
ESE?
<0 to 255(NR1)>
Description Command The SESER mask is set to the numerical value
0 to 255.
The initial value (at power-on) is 0.
Query The contents of the SESER, as set by the *ESE command, are returned as an NR1 value (0 to
255).
Example
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0
PON URQ CME EXE DDE QYE RQC OPC
Command
*ESE 36
(Sets bits 5 and 2 of SESER)
PC
Command, Query
Response
Measurement
Instrument
125
8.6 Message Reference
8.6.1 Standard Commands
Messages specific to the RS-232C or GP-IB interface are identified by their corresponding symbols.
(1) System Data Command
Queries device ID.
Syntax Query
Response
∗ IDN?
<Manufacturer's name>,<Model name>,0,<Software version>
Example Response HIOKI,3541,0,V1.00
The Device ID is HIOKI 3541, 0, software version 1.00.
Note The response message has no header.
(2) Internal Operation Command
Initialize Device
Syntax Command ∗ RST
Description Command Resets instrument settings (other than saved data) to factory defaults.
Operation returns to the initial display after initialization.
Note • The communications state is not initialized.
• To initialize saved data as well, send the :SYSTem:RESet command.
Execute Self-Test and Query the Result
Syntax Query
Response
∗ TST?
<0 to 3 (NR1)>
0: No Errors
1: RAM Error
2: EEPROM Error
3: RAM and EEPROM Errors
Description Perform instrument self-test and return the result as numerical value 0 to
3.
Example Query
Response
*TST?
1
A RAM Error occurred.
126
8.6 Message Reference
(3) Synchronization Commands
Set the OPC bit of SESR When Finished All Pending Operations
Syntax Command ∗ OPC
Description
Sets OPC bit 0 of the Standard Event Status Register (SESR) when all prior commands have finished processing.
Example A;B;*OPC;C
The OPC bit of the SESR is set after commands A and B have finished processing.
Respond with ASCII "1" When Finished All Pending Operations
Syntax Query
Response
∗ OPC?
1
Description
Responds with ASCII "1" when all prior commands have finished processing.
Wait for Pending Commands to Finish
Syntax Command ∗ WAI
Description The instrument waits until all prior commands finish before executing any subsequent commands.
Note The *WAI command is supported because it is defined in IEEE 488.2-1987, but because all Model 3541 device-specific commands are sequential types, this command has no actual affect.
(4) Status and Event Control Commands
Clear the Status Byte and Related Queues (Except the Output Queue)
Syntax Command ∗ CLS
Description Clears the event registers corresponding to each bit of the Status Byte Register.
Also clears the Status Byte Register.
Note The output queue is unaffected.
The output queue, the various enable registers and MAV bit 4 of the
Status Byte Register are unaffected.
127
8.6 Message Reference
Read/Write the Standard Event Status Enable Register (SESER)
Syntax Command
Query
Response
∗ ESE 0 <0 to 255 (NR1)>
∗ ESE?
<0 to 255 (NR1)>
Description Command The SESER mask is set to the numerical value 0 to 255.
The initial value (at power-on) is 0.
Query The contents of the SESER, as set by the *ESE command, are returned as an NR1 value (0 to 255).
128 bit 7
PON
64 bit 6
URQ
32 bit 5
CME
16 bit 4
EXE
8 bit 3
DDE
4 bit 2
QYE
2 bit 1
RQC
1 bit 0
OPC
Example Command *ESE 36
(Sets bits 5 and 2 of SESER)
Read and Clear the Standard Event Status Register (SESR)
Syntax Query
Response
∗ ESR?
<0 to 255 (NR1)>
Description Returns the contents of the SESR as an NR1 value from 0 to 255, then clears register contents.
The response message has no header.
128 bit 7
PON
64 bit 6 unused
32 bit 5
CME
16 bit 4
EXE
8 bit 3
DDE
4 bit 2
QYE
2 bit 1
1 bit 0 unused unused
128 bit 7
PON
64 bit 6
URQ
32 bit 5
CME
Example 32
Bit 5 of the SESR was set to 1.
16 bit 4
EXE
8 bit 3
DDE
4 bit 2
QYE
2 bit 1
RQC
1 bit 0
OPC
128
8.6 Message Reference
Write and Read the Service Request Enable Register (SRER)
Syntax Command
Query
Response
∗ SRE <0 to 255 (NR1)>
∗ SRE?
<0 to 255 (NR1)>
Description Command The SRER mask is set to the numerical value 0 to 255.
Although NRf numerical values are accepted, values to the right of the decimal are rounded to the nearest integer.
Bit 6 and unused bits 2, 3 and 7 are ignored.
The data is initialized to zero at power-on.
Query The contents of the SRER, as set by the ∗ SRE command, are returned as an NR1 value (0 to 255). Bit 6 and unused bits 2, 3 and 7 always return as zero.
1 bit 0
ESE0
128 bit 7 unused
64 bit 6
0
32 bit 5
ESB
16 bit 4
MAV
8 bit 3
4 bit 2
2 bit 1 unused unused ESE1
Example Command *SRE 33
Set SRER bits 0 and 5 to 1.
Query
Response
*SRE?
33
SRER bits 0 and 5 have been set to 1.
Read the Status Byte and MSS Bit
Syntax Query
Response
∗ STB?
<0 to 255 (NR1)>
Description The contents of the STB are returned as an NR1 value (0 to 255).
The response message has no header.
128 bit 7 unused
64 bit 6
MSS
32 bit 5
ESB
16 bit 4
MAV
8 bit 3
4 bit 2
2 bit 1 unused unused ESE1
Example Query
Response
*STB?
16
STB bit 4 has been set to 1.
1 bit 0
ESE0
Request a Sample
Syntax Command ∗ TRG
Description Performs one measurement when external triggering is enabled.
When Statistical Calculation is ON, imports calculation data.
Example :TRIGger:SOURce EXTernal;*TRG
129
8.6 Message Reference
8.6.2 Device-Specific Commands
(1) Event Status Register
Set and Query Device-Specific Event Status Enable Registers ESER0 and
ESER1
ESER0
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:ESE0 <0 to 255 (NR1)>
:ESE0?
<0 to 255 (NR1)>
Description Command Sets the mask pattern in Event Status Enable Register 0 (ESER0) for the Event Status Register.
128 bit 7
BIN1
64 bit 6
BIN0
32 bit 5
ERR
16 bit 4
Hi
8 bit 3
IN
4 bit 2
Lo
2 bit 1
INDEX
1 bit 0
EOC
Note Data initializes to zero at power-on.
ESER1
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:ESE0 <0 to 255 (NR1)>
:ESE1?
<0 to 255 (NR1)>
Description Command Sets the mask pattern in Event Status Enable Register 1 (ESER1) for the Event Status Register.
128 bit 7
BIN9
64 bit 6
BIN8
32 bit 5
BIN7
16 bit 4
BIN6
8 bit 3
BIN5
4 bit 2
BIN4
2 bit 1
BIN3
1 bit 0
BIN2
Note Data initializes to zero at power-on.
Read Device-Specific Event Status Registers ESR0 and ESR1
Syntax Query
Response
:ESR0?
:ESR1?
<0 to 255 (NR1)>
Note Executing ESR0? clears the contents of ESR0.
Executing ESR1? clears the contents of ESR1.
130
8.6 Message Reference
(2) Measurement-Related
Select and Query the Function Setting
Syntax Command
Query
Response
[:SENSe:]FUNCtion <RESistance, LPResistance or TEMPerature>
[:SENSe:]FUNCtion?
RESISTANCE ............Resistance measurement function
LPRESISTANCE ........Low-Power Resistance measurement function
TEMPERATURE ........Temperature measurement function
Example Command FUNC LPR
Selects the Low-Power Resistance measurement function.
Query
Response
FUNC?
RESISTANCE
The Resistance measurement function has been selected.
Note • [:SENSe:] may be omitted.
• The following HIOKI 3227 command can be used, but the format of the response message is different.
:FUNCtion RESIstance
Set and Query the Range Setting
Low-Power Resistance Measurement Range
Syntax Command [:SENSe:]LPResistance:RANGe <Expected measurement value>
<Expected measurement value> = 0 to 2000
Query
Response
[:SENSe:]LPResistance:RANGe?
<Measurement Range (NR3)>
<Measurement Range (NR3)> = 2000.00E-3, 20.0000E+0,
200.000E+0 or 2000.00E+0
Description Command Enter the expected measurement value. The instrument is set to the most suitable range for measuring the given numerical value data.
Query Queries the measurement range setting.
Example Query
Response
LPR:RANG?
20.0000E+0
Low-Power Resistance measurement has been set to the 20 Ω range.
131
8.6 Message Reference
Resistance Measurement Range
Command
Query
Response
[:SENSe:]RESistance:RANGe <Expected measurement value>
<Expected measurement value> = 0 to 110E+6
[:SENSe:]RESistance:RANGe?
<Measurement Range (NR3)>
<Measurement Range (NR3)> = 20.0000E-3, 200.000E-3, 2000.00E-
3, 20.0000E+0, 200.000E+0, 2000.00E+0, 20.0000E+3, 110.000E+3,
1100.00E+3, 11.0000E+6 or 110.0000E+6
Description Command Enter the expected measurement value. The instrument is set to the most suitable range for measuring the given numerical value data.
Query Queries the measurement range setting.
Example Command RES:RANG 123
Sets the Resistance function to the 200 Ω range.
Note The following HIOKI 3227 command can be used, but the format of the response message is different.
:RESIstance:RANGe
Set and Query the Auto-Ranging Setting
Low-Power Resistance Measurement Range
Syntax Command
Query
Response
[:SENSe:]LPResistance:RANGe:AUTO <1, 0, ON or OFF>
[:SENSe:]LPResistance:RANGe:AUTO?
<ON or OFF>
Example Command LPR:RANG:AUTO ON
Resistance Measurement Range
Syntax Command
Query
Response
[:SENSe:]RESistance:RANGe:AUTO <1, 0, ON or OFF>
[:SENSe:]RESistance:RANGe:AUTO?
<ON or OFF>
Example Query
Response
RES:RANG:AUTO?
OFF
Note The following HIOKI 3227 command can be used, but the format of the response message is different.
:RESIstance:AUTO
132
8.6 Message Reference
Sets measurement current for the 200 m
Ω
range (software version 1.13 or later)
Syntax Command
Query
Response
[:SYSTem:]CURRent <1 A/ 0.1 A>
[:SYSTem:]CURRent?
<1A/0.1A>
1 A ..... 1 A setting
0.1 A... 100 mA setting
Example Command :SYST:CURR 0.1A
Execute and Clear Zero-Adjustment
Clear Zero-Adjustment
Syntax Command :ADJust:CLEAr
Execute Zero-Adjustment
Syntax Query
Response
:ADJust?
<0 or 1>
0 ....... Indicates zero-adjustment succeeded.
1 ....... Indicates the offset resistance exceeded 1,000 dgt during zeroadjustment.
Select and Query the Measurement Terminal Setting
Syntax Command [:SENSe:]TERMinal <A or B>
Query
Response
[:SENSe:]TERMinal?
<A or B>
A....... INPUT A is enabled.
B....... INPUT B is enabled.
Example Command TERM B
Query
Response
TERM?
B
(3) Sampling
Select and Query the Sampling Rate setting
Syntax Command :SAMPle:RATE <FAST, MEDium, SLOW1 or SLOW2>
Query
Response
:SAMPle:RATE?
<FAST, MEDIUM, SLOW1 or SLOW2>
Example Command :SAMP:RATE MED
133
8.6 Message Reference
Select and Query the Sampling Rate setting
Query
Response
:SAMP:RATE?
MEDIUM
Note The following HIOKI 3227 commands can be used, but the response for both
SLOW1 and SLOW2 settings is SLOW. Measurement and response times are both different from the Model 3227.
:SAMPle
Sending the :SAMPle SLOW command sets this instrument to SLOW1 sampling rate.
(4) Calculation
Set and Query the Temperature Correction Settings
Temperature Correction (TC) State
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:CALCulate:TCORrect:STATe <1, 0, ON or OFF>
:CALCulate:TCORrect:STATe?
<ON or OFF>
Example Command :CALC:TCOR:STAT ON
Query
Response
:CALC:TCOR:STAT?
OFF
Temperature Correction (TC) Settings
Syntax Command :CALCulate:TCORrect:PARameter <Reference Temp.>,<Temp.
Coefficient>
Query
Response
:CALCulate:TCORrect:PARameter?
<Reference Temp.>,<Temp. Coefficient>
<Reference temperature > = -10.0 to 99.9 (NR3) [ ° C]
<Temp. Coefficient> = = -99999 to 99999 (NR1) [ppm/ ° C]
Example Command :CALC:TCOR:PAR 20,3930
Query
Response
:CALC:TCOR:PAR?
70.0E+0,4500
Note When the Temperature Correction function is enabled, the Temperature
Conversion function is disabled.
The units of the Reference Temperature are ° C, and the units of the Temperature
Coefficient are ppm/ ° C.
The following HIOKI 3227 command can be used, but the format of the response message is different.
:TC
:TC?
:TCSET
:TCSET?
134
8.6 Message Reference
Set and Query Temperature Conversion (
Δ
t) Settings
Temperature Conversion (
Δ t) State
Syntax Command :CALCulate:TCONversion:DELTa:STATe <1, 0, ON or OFF>
Query
Response
:CALCulate:TCONversion:DELTa:STATe?
<ON or OFF>
Example Command :CALC:TCON:DELT:STAT ON
Query
Response
:CALC:TCON:DELT:STAT?
ON
Temperature Conversion (
Δ t) Settings
Syntax Command :CALCulate:TCONversion:DELTa:PARameter <Initial resistance>,<Initial temperature>,<Constant>
Query
Response
:CALCulate:TCONversion:DELTa:PARameter?
<Initial Resistance>,<Initial Temp.>,<Constant>
<Initial resistance> = 0 to 110.000E+6 (NR3)
<Reference temperature > = -10.0 to 99.9 (NR3)
<Constant> = -999.9 to999.9 (NR2)
Example Command :CALC:TCON:DELT:PAR 100,20,235
Query
Response
:CALC:TCON:DELT:PAR?
100.000E+0,20.0E+0,235.0
Note When the Temperature Conversion function is enabled, the Temperature
Correction function is disabled.
The unit of initial resistance is Ω .
The unit of initial temperature and constant is
°
C.
Set and Query the Averaging Function Setting
Averaging Function State
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:CALCulate:AVERage:STATe <1, 0, ON or OFF>
:CALCulate:AVERage:STATe?
<ON or OFF>
Example Command :CALC:AVER:STAT ON
Query
Response
:CALC:AVER:STAT?
OFF
8.6 Message Reference
No. of samples to average
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:CALCulate:AVERage <Averaging Samples>
:CALCulate:AVERage?
<Averaging samples>
<Averaging samples> = 2 to 100 (NR1)
Example Command :CALC:AVER 10
Query
Response
:CALC:AVER?
50
Clear and Query the Statistical Calculation State
Statistical Calculation State
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:CALCulate:STATistics:STATe <1, 0, ON or OFF>
:CALCulate:STATistics:STATe?
<ON or OFF>
Example Command :CALC:STAT:STAT ON
Query
Response
:CALC:STAT:STAT?
ON
Clear Statistical Calculation Results
Syntax Command :CALCulate:STATistics:CLEAr
Queries the data count
Syntax Query
Response
:CALCulate:STATistics:NUMBer?
<Total data count (NR1)>,<Valid data count (NR1)>)
0 to 30000
Example Query
Response
:CALC:STAT:NUMB?
23456,23449
Query the Mean value
Syntax Query
Response
:CALCulate:STATistics:MEAN?
<Mean (NR3)>
Query the Maximum value
Syntax Query
Response
:CALCulate:STATistics:MAXimum?
<Maximum value (NR3)>,<Data No. of Maximum value (NR1)>
Example Query
Response
:CALC:STAT:MAX?
12.4859E+3,1124
135
136
8.6 Message Reference
Query the Minimum value
Syntax Query
Response
:CALCulate:STATistics:MINimum?
<Minimum value (NR3)>,<Data No. of Minimum value (NR1)>
Query Comparator results
Syntax Query
Response
:CALCulate:STATistics:LIMit?
<Hi (NR1) count>,<IN count (NR1)>,<Lo count (NR1)>,<Measurement fault count (NR1)>
Example Query
Response
:CALC:STAT:LIM?
1516,9310,737,16
Query BIN Measurement results
Syntax Query
Response
:CALCulate:STATistics:BIN?
<BIN0 count (NR1)>,....,<BIN9 count (NR1)>,<OUT count
(NR1)>,<No. of Meas. Faults (NR1)>
Example Query
Response
:CALC:STAT:BIN?
53,16,70,53,57,28,30,77,1,76,81,3
Query Standard Deviation
Syntax Query
Response
:CALCulate:STATistics:DEViation?
< σ n (NR3)>,< σ n-1>
Example Query
Response
:CALC:STAT:DEV?
0.0159E-3,0.0161E-3
Query the Process Capability Indices
Syntax Query
Response
:CALCulate:STATistics:CP?
<Cp (NR2)>,<Cpk (NR2)>
Example Query
Response
:CALC:STAT:CP?
0.86,0.14
Note • A data sample can be taken by the following methods:
1. Press the TRIG key
2. Apply a signal to the TRIG terminal of the External I/O
3. Send a ∗ TRG command
• The :CALCulate:STATistics:STATe command does not clear calculation results.
• When the valid data count is 0, σ n-1 returns 0.
• When cleared, the Statistical Calculation function is not turned OFF.
• The upper limit of Cp and CpK is 99.99. When Cp or Cpk >99.99, its value is returned as 99.99.
137
8.6 Message Reference
Set and Query Comparator Settings
Comparator State
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:CALCulate:LIMit:STATe <1, 0, ON or OFF>
:CALCulate:LIMit:STATe?
<ON or OFF>
Example Command :CALC:LIM:STAT ON
Beeper State
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:CALCulate:LIMit:BEEPer <OFF, HL or IN>
:CALCulate:LIMit:BEEPer?
<OFF, HL or IN>
Example Command :CALC:LIM:BEEP HL
Note The following HIOKI 3227 command can be used, but the format of the response message is different.
:CSET:BEEPer
Decision Mode Setting
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:CALCulate:LIMit:MODE <HL or REF>
:CALCulate:LIMit:MODE?
<HL or REF>
HL = Decision by preset upper and lower thresholds.
REF = Decision by a reference value and tolerance.
Example Command :CALC:LIM:MODE REF
Note The following HIOKI 3227 command can be used, but the format of the response message is different.
:CSET:CMODe
Upper Threshold Setting
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:CALCulate:LIMit:UPPer <Upper threshold>
:CALCulate:LIMit:UPPer?
<Upper threshold>
<Upper threshold> = 0 to 999999 (NR1)
Example Command :CALC:LIM:UPP 005971
Lower Threshold Setting
Syntax Command
Note
(For both Upper and Lower thresholds)
Query
Response
:CALCulate:LIMit:LOWer <Lower threshold>
:CALCulate:LIMit:LOWer?
<Lower threshold>
<Lower threshold> = 0 to 999999 (NR1)
• Upper and Lower thresholds are specified as integer values. To specify 0.567
Ω in the 2
Ω
range, send the following command:
:CALCulate:LIMit:UPPer 56700 (or 056700)
• The following HIOKI 3227 command can be used, but the format of the response message is different.
:CSET:PARAmeter
138
8.6 Message Reference
Reference Resistance Setting
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:CALCulate:LIMit:REFerence <Reference Resistance>
:CALCulate:LIMit:REFerence?
<Reference Resistance>
<Reference Resistance> = 0 to 999999 (NR1)
Example Command :CALC:LIM:REF 141000
Note Reference Resistance is specified as an integer value.2. To specify 0.567 Ω in the
2 Ω range, send the following command:
:CALCulate:LIMit:REFerence 56700
Decision Tolerance Setting
Syntax Command :CALCulate:LIMit:PERCent <Tolerance (%)>
Query
Response
:CALCulate:LIMit:PERCent?
<Tolerance (%)>
<Tolerance (%)> = 0 to 99.999 (NR2)
Example Command :CALC:LIM:PERC 10.000
Note The following HIOKI 3227 command can be used, but the format of the response message is different.
:CSET:PARAmeter
Comparator Result
Syntax Query
Response
:CALCulate:LIMit:RESult?
<HI, IN, LO, OFF or ERR>
Example Query
Response
:CALC:LIM:RES?
HI
Setting and Querying BIN Measurements
BIN Measurement State
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:CALCulate:BIN:STATe <1, 0, ON or OFF>
:CALCulate:BIN:STATe?
<ON or OFF>
Example Command :CALC:BIN:STAT ON
139
8.6 Message Reference
Enable Mask Setting
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:CALCulate:BIN:ENABle <Enable Mask>
:CALCulate:BIN:ENABle?
<Enable Mask>
<Enable Mask> = 0 to 1023 (base-10)
Set the bit corresponding to each BIN to be enabled for BIN measurement.
bit 9 bit 8 bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0
BIN9 BIN8 BIN7 BIN6 BIN5 BIN4 BIN3 BIN2 BIN1 BIN0
Example Command :CALC:BIN:ENAB 15
Enables BIN0 to BIN3.
Decision Mode Setting
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:CALCulate:BIN:MODE <BIN No.>,<HL or REF>
:CALCulate:BIN:MODE? <BIN No.>
<HL or REF>
<BIN No.> = 0 to 9
<HL or REF> =
HL ..... Compare with upper/lower thresholds.
REF.... Compare with reference value and tolerance.
Example Command :CALC:BIN:MODE 3,HL
Upper Threshold Setting
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:CALCulate:BIN:UPPer? <BIN No.>,<Upper threshold>
:CALCulate:BIN:UPPer? <BIN No.>
<Upper threshold>
<BIN No.> = 0 to 9
<Upper threshold> = 0 to 999999 (NR1)
Lower Threshold Setting
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:CALCulate:BIN:LOWer <BIN No.>,<Lower threshold>
:CALCulate:BIN:LOWer? <BIN No.>
<Lower threshold>
<BIN No.> = 0 to 9
<Lower threshold> = 0 to 999999 (NR1)
Example Command :CALC:BIN:LOW 0,117832
Note Upper and Lower thresholds are specified as integer values.
To specify 0.567 Ω in the 2 Ω range, send the command as follows:
:CALCulate:BIN:UPPer 3,56700 (or 056700)
140
8.6 Message Reference
Reference Resistance Setting
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:CALCulate:BIN:REFerence <BIN No.>,<Reference Resistance>
:CALCulate:BIN:REFerence? <BIN No.>
<Reference Resistance>
<BIN No.> = 0 to 9
<Reference Resistance> = 0 to 999999 (NR1)
Note Reference Resistance is specified as an integer value.
To specify 0.567
Ω
in the 2
Ω
range, send the command as follows:
:CALCulate:BIN:REFerence 5,56700
Decision Tolerance Setting
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:CALCulate:BIN:PERCent <BIN No.>,<Tolerance (%)>
:CALCulate:BIN:PERCent? <BIN No.>
<Tolerance (%)>
<BIN No.> = 0 to 9
<Tolerance (%)> = 0 to 99.999 (NR2)
Query the Decision Result
Syntax Query
Response
:CALCulate:BIN:RESult?
<NR1>
<NR1> = 0 to 1023
The bit corresponding to each BIN with a PASS decision is set to 1.
bit 9 bit 8 bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0
BIN9 BIN8 BIN7 BIN6 BIN5 BIN4 BIN3 BIN2 BIN1 BIN0
Example Query
Response
:CALC:BIN:RES?
128
BIN7 was judged PASS.
(5) System
Offset Voltage Compensation State
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:SYSTem:OVC <1, 0, ON or OFF>
:SYSTem:OVC?
<ON or OFF>
Example Command :SYST:OVC ON
Query
Response
:SYST:OVC?
OFF
Note Settings in the 110 K Ω range and higher are ignored.
141
8.6 Message Reference
Temperature Measurement Settings (Analog Input)
Temperature Sensor Selection
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:SYSTem:TEMPerature:SENSor <PT or ANALog>
:SYSTem:TEMPerature:SENSor?
<PT or ANALOG>
PT ...............The 9451 TEMPERATURE PROBE is used as the temperature sensor temperature sensor
Example Command :SYST:TEMP:SENS ANAL
Query
Response
:SYST:TEMP:SENS?
PT
Note For some commands, RS-232C cannot be selected as input for temperature measurement. In such a case, use the menu screens on the
3541 unit to make the setting.
❖
Temperature measurement via RS-232C interface (using the 3444/3445
TEMPERATURE HiTESTER+ 3909 INTERFACE PACK) (Page 35)
Analog Input Parameter Settings
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:SYSTem:TEMPerature:PARameter <V1>,<T1>,<V2>,<T2>
:SYSTem:TEMPerature:PARameter?
<V1>,<T1>,<V2>,<T2>
<V1> = 0 to 2.00 (NR2)............. Reference Voltage 1 [V]
<T1> = -99.9 to 999.9 (NR2)..... Reference Temperature 1 [ ° C]
<V2> = 0 to 2.00 (NR2)............. Reference Voltage 2 [V]
<T1> = -99.9 to 999.9 (NR2)..... Reference Temperature 2 [ ° C]
Example Command :SYST:TEMP:PAR 0,-10,2,100
Query
Response
:SYST:TEMP:PAR?
0.00,0.00,1.00,100.0
0 V displays as 0 ° C, and 1 V displays as 100 ° C.
142
8.6 Message Reference
Measurement Fault Detection Time Settings
Measurement Fault Detection Time Auto Settings
Syntax Command :SYSTem:FDETect:AUTO <1, 0, ON or OFF>
Query
Response
:SYSTem:FDETect:AUTO?
<ON or OFF>
ON.............. Measurement fault detection time setting: AUTO
OFF ........... Measurement fault detection time setting: OFF
Example Command :SYST:FDET:AUTO ON
Query
Response
:SYST:FDET:AUTO?
ON
Measurement Fault Detection Time Settings
Syntax Command :SYSTem:FDETect <Measurement fault detection time>
Query
Response
:SYSTem:FDETect?
<Measurement fault detection time> (NR2)
<Measurement fault detection time> = 0 to 9.998 (NR2) [second]
Do not set a detection time equal to or greater than the delay time.
Example Command :SYST:FDET 0.010
Query
Response
:SYST:FDET?
0.010
Format for Measurement fault data (with software version 1.13 or later)
You can change the format for constant-current faults (Err.Cur) to the following.
• Err.Cur is handled in the same manner as Overflow (OF) display.
• During BIN output selection, pin 44 (BCD3-3) is output as an Err.Cur signal.
• When an Err.HI/Lo and an Err.Cur occur at the same time, the Err.Hi/Lo format is used.
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:SYSTem:FORMat <CF / NORMal >
:SYSTem:FORMat?
<CF/ NORMAL>
CF .............. Err.Cur is handled in the same manner as overflow display
NORMAL.... Err.Cur is handled as a measurement fault, and comparator decisions are not made.
Example Command :SYST:FORM CF
143
8.6 Message Reference
Self-Calibration State and Setting
Execute Self-Calibration
Syntax Command :SYSTem:CALibration
Set Self-Calibration Execution State
Command
Query
Response
:SYSTem:CALibration:AUTO <1, 0, ON or OFF>
:SYSTem:CALibration:AUTO?
<ON or OFF>
ON ........ AUTO Self-Calibration selected
OFF ...... MANUAL Self-Calibration selected
Example Command :SYST:CAL:AUTO OFF
Query
Response
:SYST:CAL:AUTO?
ON
Note Even when AUTO is selected, Self-Calibration can be manually performed at any time by sending the SYSTem:CALibration command.
Set and Query the Key Beeper Setting
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:SYSTem:BEEPer:STATe <1, 0, ON or OFF>
:SYSTem:BEEPer:STATe?
<ON or OFF>
Example Command
Query
Response
:SYST:BEEP:STAT ON
:SYST:BEEP:STAT?
ON
Select and Query the Line Frequency Setting
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:SYSTem:LFRequency <50 or 60>
:SYSTem:LFRequency?
<50 or 60>
Example Command
Query
Response
:SYST:LFR 50
:SYST:LFR?
60
Note The following HIOKI 3227 command can be used, but the format of the response message is different.
:FREQuency
144
8.6 Message Reference
Set and Query the Key-Lock State
Syntax Command :SYSTem:KLOCk <1, 0, ON or OFF>
Query
Response
:SYSTem:KLOCk?
<ON or OFF>
Example Command
Query
Response
:SYST:KLOC ON
:SYST:KLOC?
OFF
Save and Load Measurement Setting States
Syntax Command :SYSTem:SAVE <Table No. 1 to 30>
:SYSTem:LOAD <Table No. 1 to 30>
Example Command :SYST:SAVE 10
:SYST:LOAD 5
Set and Query the Header Present Setting
Syntax Command :SYSTem:HEADer <1, 0, ON or OFF>
Query
Response
:SYSTem:HEADer?
<ON or OFF>
Example Command
Query
Response
:SYST:HEAD ON
:SYST:HEAD?
OFF
:SYSTEM:HEADER ON
Note The following HIOKI 3227 command can be used, but the format of the response message is different.
HEADer
Select the ERR Output Setting
Syntax Command :SYSTem:ERRor <SYNChronous or ASYNchronous>
Query
Response
:SYSTem:ERRor?
<SYNChronous or ASYNchronous>
SYNCHRONOUS.......Synchronize with EOC output
ASYNCHRONOUS ....Asynchronous with EOC output
Example Command :SYST:ERR SYNC
Query
Response
:SYST:ERR?
ASYNCHRONOUS
145
8.6 Message Reference
BCD Output Setting
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:SYSTem:EXTernalout <BIN or BCD>
:SYSTem:EXTernalout?
<BIN or BCD>
Example Command :SYST:EXT BCD
Query
Response
:SYST:EXT?
BIN
Note • BIN output is disabled when BCD output is selected.
• BCD output is disabled when BIN output is selected.
Delimiter Setting
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:SYSTem:TERMinator <0 or 1>
:SYSTem:TERMinator?
<0 or 1>
0 ....... LF+EOI
1 ....... CR,LF+EOI
Example Command :SYST:TERM 1
Query
Response
:SYST:TERM?
0
Note • At power-on, this is set to 0 (LF+EOI).
• The RS-232C delimiter is fixed as CR + LF.
System Reset
Syntax Command :SYSTem:RESet
Description Command Returns all settings, including any saved data, to factory default settings.
Example Command :SYST:RES
Note
If you want to preserve saved data, use the
∗ RST command instead.
146
8.6 Message Reference
(6) External I/O
External I/O Output
Syntax Command :IO:OUT <Output Data 0 to 255>
Description Command Any 8-bit data value can be output from the EXT I/O connector when the BIN is selected as the BIN/BCD output setting for External I/O.
bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0
OUT7 OUT6 OUT5 OUT4 OUT3 OUT2 OUT1 OUT0
50 25 49 24 48 23 47 22 Pin No.
❖
6.2 Signal Descriptions (Page 82)
Note An execution error occurs if BCD is selected as the BIN/BCD output setting for
External I/O.
External I/O Input
Syntax Query
Response
:IO:IN?
0 to 3 (NR1)
Description Query Reads at the leading edge (ON) of the EXT I/O TRIG and PRINT terminals, and then clears.
A bit is set when the leading edge (short between each signal terminal and the GND terminal) is detected, and is cleared when read by this query command.
TRIG key input is detected in the same way as the TRIG terminal signal.
bit 0: EXT I/O TRIG (leading edge), TRIG key input bit 1: EXT I/O PRINT (leading edge)
❖
6.2 Signal Descriptions (Page 82)
147
8.6 Message Reference
(7) Triggering
Triggering System
Description
Triggering operates as follows depending on the continuous measurement setting (:INITIATE:CONTINUOUS) and the trigger source setting (:TRIGGER:SOURCE).
❖
8.7 Basic Data Importing Methods (Page 155)
Trigger Source
( :TRIGGER:
SOURCE )
IMMEDIATE
(EXT.TRIG off)
EXTERNAL
(EXT.TRIG lit)
*2
Continuous Measurement ( :INITIATE:CONTINUOUS )
ON OFF
*1
Free-Run state.
Measurement continues automatically.
❖
Trigger by :INITIATE (or
:READ?
) command.
❖
Trigger by TRIG terminal, TRIG key or ∗ TRG command.
After measurement, enters the trigger wait state.
❖
Issue :INITIATE (or :READ?
) command to wait for trigger.
Trigger by TRIG terminal, TRIG key or ∗ TRG command.
❖
*1 :INITIATE:CONTINUOUS OFF
Can only be set by Remote command.
If this has been set to OFF when operation is returned to the Local state or power is turned off, the following state occurs when power is turned back on.
:INITIATE:CONTINUOUS ON
❖
8.4.6 Local Function (Page 117)
*2 :TRIGGER:SOURCE EXTERNAL
Current flows only while measuring in all ranges of the Low-Power Resistance function, and in the 20 m Ω to 20 Ω ranges of the Resistance Measurement function.
❖
148
8.6 Message Reference
Measurement Flow
:INITIATE:CONTINUOUS ON
:TRIGGER:SOURCE IMMEDIATE
Trigger Delay
Measurement
Calculation
Measured Value Output
2
:INITIATE:CONTINUOUS OFF
:TRIGGER:SOURCE IMMEDIATE
Idle State
:INITIATE:IMMEDIATE
Trigger Delay
Measurement
Calculation
Measured Value Output
3
:INITIATE:CONTINUOUS ON
:TRIGGER:SOURCE EXTERNAL
Any of the following:
• TRIG
Terminal
• TRIG Key
• ∗ TRG
Trigger Wait State
Trigger Delay
Measurement
Calculation
Measured Value Output
4
:INITIATE:CONTINUOUS OFF
:TRIGGER:SOURCE EXTERNAL
Idle State
:INITIATE:IMMEDIATE
Trigger Wait State
Any of the following:
• TRIG
Terminal
• TRIG Key
• ∗ TRG
Trigger Delay
Measurement
Calculation
Measured Value Output
149
8.6 Message Reference
Continuous Measurement Setting
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:INITiate:CONTinuous <1, 0, ON or OFF>
:INITiate:CONTinuous?
<ON or OFF>
ON ........ Continuous Measurement Enabled
OFF....... Continuous Measurement Disabled
Example Command :INIT:CONT OFF
Query
Response
:INIT:CONT?
ON
Note • Continuous Measurement Enabled:
After measurement, enters the Trigger Wait State. When the trigger source setting is IMMediate, the next trigger occurs immediately (the Free-Run State).
• Continuous Measurement Disabled:
After measurement, enters the Idle State instead of the Trigger Wait State.
• Triggering is ignored in the Idle State. Executing :INITiate[:IMMediate] enables the Trigger Wait State.
• The following commands do not apply to temperature measurement.
:INITiate:CONTinuous
• Continuous measurement is enabled upon exit from the Remote State.
Trigger Wait Setting
Syntax Command :INITiate[:IMMediate]
Description Switches triggering from the Idle State to the Trigger Wait State.
Example Disable continuous measurement, and read one value for each trigger event
Sending :TRIG:SOUR IMM .... Trigger immediately when entering Trigger
Wait State
:INIT:CONT OFF .... Disables continuous measurement
:INIT ........................... Enable Trigger Wait Trigger immediately upon :TRIG:SOUR IMM
:FETC?
........................ Fetch measured value
Reading 2.16414E+3 .............. Measured value is 2.16414k
Ω
Error • An execution error occurs when continuous measurement is enabled
(:INITIATE:CONTINUOUS ON).
Note • When the trigger source is IMMediate, triggering occurs immediately before entering the Idle State.
• When the trigger source is EXTernal, the Trigger Wait State is enabled to wait for an external trigger, and when a trigger occurs, one measurement is taken before entering the Idle State.
• The following commands do not apply to temperature measurement.
:INITiate[:IMMediate]
150
8.6 Message Reference
Trigger Source Setting
Syntax Command :TRIGger:SOURce <IMMediate or EXTernal>
Query
Response
:TRIGger:SOURce?
<IMMEDIATE or EXTERNAL>
IMMEDIATE .... Internal triggering
EXTERNAL ..... External trigger source. Triggering by TRIG key, TRIG terminal or ∗ TRG command.
Example Command :TRIG:SOUR IMM
Query
Response
:TRIG:SOUR?
IMMEDIATE
Note • The following commands do not apply to temperature measurement.
:TRIGger:SOURce
• The HOLD command for the HIOKI 3227 is the same as the
:TRIGger:SOURce EXTernal command.
Trigger Delay Setting
Setting the Trigger Delay Time
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:TRIGger:DELay <Delay>
:TRIGger:DELay?
<Delay>
Delay [s] .... 0 to 9.999 (NR2)
Example Query
Response
:TRIG:DEL?
0.010
Setting Automatic Trigger Delay
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:TRIGger:DELay:AUTO <1, 0, ON or OFF>
:TRIGger:DELay:AUTO?
<ON or OFF>
Example Cancel automatic triggering and set a trigger delay of 0.01 s.
Sending :TRIG:DEL:AUTO OFF
:TRIG:DEL 10E-3
Query
Response
:TRIG:DEL:AUTO?
ON
Note • The following commands do not apply to temperature measurement.
:TRIGger:DELay
:TRIGger:DELay:AUTO
• When Auto Delay is enabled (:TRIGger:DELay:AUTO ON), the Delay setting is ignored.
8.6 Message Reference
(8) Reading Measured Values
Measurement Value Formats
Resistance
Measurement
Absolute Value
Indication
Measurement
Range
20m Ω
200m Ω
2 Ω
20 Ω
200 Ω
2k Ω
20k Ω
100k Ω
1M Ω
10M Ω
100M Ω
Measured Value ±OF
±
.
E-3
±
.
E-3
±10.0000E+8
±100.000E+7
±
.
E-3 ±1000.00E+6
±
.
E+0 ±10.0000E+8
±
.
E+0 ±100.000E+7
±
.
E+0 ±1000.00E+6
±
.
E+3 ±10.0000E+8
±
.
E+3 ±100.000E+7
±
.
E+3 ±1000.00E+6
±
.
E+6 ±10.0000E+8
±
.
E+6 ±100.000E+7
Measurement Fault
+10.0000E+9
+100.000E+8
+1000.00E+7
+10.0000E+9
+100.000E+8
+1000.00E+7
+10.0000E+9
+100.000E+8
+1000.00E+7
+10.0000E+9
+100.000E+8
151
Resistance
Measurement
Relative Value
Indication
Temperature
Conversion
Indication
Temperature
Indication
Measured Value
±
.
E+0
±OF
±100.000E+7
Measured Value
±
.
E+0
±OF
±10000.0E+5
Measured Value
±
.
E+0
±OF
±100.0E+7
Measurement Fault
+100.000E+8
Measurement Fault
+10000.0E+6
Note For positive measurements, the sign position is blank (ASCII code 20H).
152
8.6 Message Reference
Reading the Most Recent Measurement
Syntax Query :FETCh?
Description Reads the most recent measurement. No trigger occurs.
Example Query
Response
:FETC?
17.0216E-3
Note The following HIOKI 3227 command can be used, but the format of the response message is different.
:MEASure:RESIstance?
However, the long-form :MEASURE:RESISTANCE? command operates the same as the :MEASure:RESistance? command of this model.
❖
Measure in a Specifying Range and Function (
Reading the Temperature Measurement
Syntax Query :MEASure:TEMPerature?
Description Reads the most recently measured temperature value.
The temperature measurement can be read regardless of the current resistance function.
Example Query
Response
:MEAS:TEMP?
25.1.0000E+0
Measuring (Awaiting Triggers and Reading Measurements)
Syntax Query :READ?
Description Switches from the Idle State to the Trigger Wait State, then reads the next measured value. With auto-ranging enabled, the most suitable range is selected before measurement.
Trigger Source Operation
IMMediate
EXTernal
Triggers and reads measured value.
After triggering by the TRIG terminal (External I/O),
∗
TRG command or TRIG key, reads the measured value.
Error • This command causes an execution error if issued during the Continuous
Measurement state (after :INITIATE:CONTINUOUS ON).
• This command causes an execution error if issued during the Trigger Wait
State.
Note • The next command does not execute until measurement is finished.
• With external triggering using the ∗ TRG command, after sending the ∗ TRG command and waiting for a time equivalent to the sampling rate, specify the
Talker. (only with the GP-IB interface setting)
153
8.6 Message Reference
Measure in a Specifying Range and Function (
Ω
, LP
Ω
)
Syntax Query :MEASure:LPResistance? <Expected measurement value>
<Expected measurement value> = 0 to 2E+3
:MEASure:RESistance?
<Expected measurement value>
<Expected measurement value> = 0 to 110E+6
Description If an expected measurement value is provided, the instrument selects the most suitable range for measuring. If the data value is omitted, auto-ranging is selected.
The MEASURE command operates as follows:
1. Triggering is set to disable continuous measurement.
2. Internal triggering is enabled.
3. The specified function is selected.
4. The specified range is selected.
5. One trigger executes.
6. The measured value is read.
The MEASURE command causes the following commands to execute internally.
:FUNC <Function>
<Function> :RANG <Expected measurement value>
( If an <Expected measurement value> is not present,
<Function> :RANG:AUTO ON )
:INIT:CONT OFF
:TRIG:SOUR IMM
:READ?
Example Query
Response
:MEAS:RES?
5.1124E+3
Query
Response
:MEAS:LPR?
104.140E+0
Note When measuring inductive objects such as transformers or coils, measurement data may be returned before the value has stabilized with auto-ranging. In such cases, specify the measurement range or use the trigger delay function.
154
8.6 Message Reference
Memory Functions (software version 1.13 or later)
You can save and load up to ten measurement data entries.
Memory Function State
Syntax Command
Query
Response
:MEMory:STATe <1, 0, ON or OFF>
:MEMory:STATe?
<ON or OFF>
Clear Memory Data
Syntax Command :MEMory:CLEAr
Retrieve the Memory Data Count
Syntax Command
Response
:MEMory:COUNt?
<Memory data count >
<Memory data cou > = 0 to 10(NR1)
Read Memory Data
Syntax Command
Response
:MEMory:DATA?
<Memory no(NR1 )> , <Measurement value(NR3) >
<Memory no(NR1 )> , <Measurement value(NR3) >
<Memory no(NR1 )> , <Measurement value(NR3) >
・
・
END
Example Command
Command
:MEM:STAT ON
:MEM:CLEA
External trigger input
External trigger input
External trigger input
Query
Response
Query
Response
:MEM:COUN?
3
:MEM:DATA?
1, 1897.50E-3
2, 1000.00E+6
3, 1897.48E-3
END
Note • Each memory data entry ends with a terminator.
• Memory data is available only by remote command.
• Memorize measurement values with the TRIG terminal, TRIG key, or
*TRG command.
• If the memory function is enabled, the AUTO range function is disabled.
• Once 10 measurement values are memorized, no new measurement value can be memorized until the memory contents are cleared.
155
8.7 Basic Data Importing Methods
8.7 Basic Data Importing Methods
Flexible data importing is available depending on the application.
Free-Run Data Importing
Initial
Setup
Importing
:INITiate:CONTinuous ON (enable continuous measurement)
:TRIGger:SOURce IMM (internal triggering)
:FETCh?
Imports the most recent measurement
Importing by Host Triggering
Initial
Setup
Importing
:INITiate:CONTinuous OFF (disable continuous measurement)
:TRIGger:SOURce IMM (internal triggering)
:READ?
A trigger occurs, and a measurement is taken and the result is transferred.
Importing Data by TRIG Key or TRIG Terminal
Initial
Setup
Importing
:INITiate:CONTinuous OFF (disable continuous measurement)
:TRIGger:SOURce EXT (external triggering)
:READ?
When triggered by the TRIG key or TRIG terminal, a measurement is taken and the result is transferred.
156
8.8 Sample Programs
8.8 Sample Programs
These sample programs are written in Microsoft Visual Basic 5.0 and
6.0.
• The following are used for communication:
For RS-232C communication: MSComm from Visual Basic
Professional
For GP-IB communication: National Instruments GP-IB Board,
Driver and Module for Visual Basic
• During communications, the terminator setting is supposed to be as follows:
RS-232C: CR+LF
GP-IB: LF
Visual Basic is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
RS-232C Communications_______________________________________
(Using Microsoft Visual Basic Professional MSComm)
(1) Simple Resistance Measurement
Imports measured values 10 times, and saves measurements in a text file.
Private Sub MeasureSubRS()
Dim recvstr As String
Dim i As Integer
MSComm1.Settings = "9600,n,8,1"
MSComm1.PortOpen = True
Open App.Path & "\data.csv" For Output As #1
MSComm1.Output = ":TRIG:SOUR IMM" & vbCrLf
MSComm1.Output = ":INIT:CONT ON" & vbCrLf
For i = 1 To 10
MSComm1.Output = ":FETCH?" & vbCrLf
recvstr = ""
While Right(recvstr, 1) <> Chr(10)
recvstr = recvstr + MSComm1.Input
DoEvents
Wend
recvstr = Left(recvstr, Len(recvstr) - 2)
Print #1, Str(i) & "," & recvstr
Next
Close #1
MSComm1.PortOpen = False
End Sub
'Receiving char string
'Comm port setting
'Open a port
'Open a text file for saving
'Select internal triggering
'Continuous measurement ON
'Send ":FETCH?" to import the most recent measurement
'From here on, continue receiving until an LF code occurs
'Delete the terminator (CR+LF)
'Write to the file
157
8.8 Sample Programs
(2) Measure Resistance by PC Key
Measures and imports by key input on the PC, and saves measurements in a text file.
Private Sub MeasureReadSubRS()
Dim recvstr As String
Dim i As Integer
MSComm1.Settings = "9600,n,8,1"
MSComm1.PortOpen = True
Open App.Path & "\data.csv" For Output As #1
'Receiving char string
'Comm port setting
'Open a port
'Open a text file for saving
MSComm1.Output = ":TRIG:SOUR IMM" & vbCrLf
MSComm1.Output = ":INIT:CONT OFF" & vbCrLf
For i = 1 To 10
'Wait for PC key input
'Select internal triggering
'Continuous measurement OFF
'Create a key input check routine to set InputKey() = True when a key is pressed
Do While 1
If InputKey() = True Then Exit Do
DoEvents
Loop
'After confirming key input, measure once, and read the measured value
MSComm1.Output = ":READ?" & vbCrLf 'Send ":READ?" to measure and import the
recvstr = "" measurement
'From here on, continue receiving until an LF code occurs
While Right(recvstr, 1) <> Chr(10)
recvstr = recvstr + MSComm1.Input
DoEvents
Wend
recvstr = Left(recvstr, Len(recvstr) - 2)
Print #1, Str(i) & "," & recvstr
Next
'Delete the terminator (CR+LF)
'Write to the file
Close #1
MSComm1.PortOpen = False
End Sub
158
8.8 Sample Programs
(3) External Trigger Measurement 1
Measure and import according to external triggering of the 3541 (TRIG key or EXT I/O TRIG terminal input), or by PC key input, and save measurements in a text file.
Private Sub MeasureTrigSubRS()
Dim recvstr As String
Dim i As Integer
MSComm1.Settings = "9600,n,8,1"
MSComm1.PortOpen = True
Open App.Path & "\data.csv" For Output As #1
'Receiving char string
'Comm port setting
'Open a port
'Open a text file for saving
MSComm1.Output = ":TRIG:SOUR EXT" & vbCrLf
MSComm1.Output = ":INIT:CONT OFF" & vbCrLf
For i = 1 To 10
MSComm1.Output = ":READ?" & vbCrLf
'Select external triggering
'Continuous measurement OFF
'Send ":READ?" to measure and import the measurement
recvstr = ""
While Right(recvstr, 1) <> Chr(10)
recvstr = recvstr + MSComm1.Input
DoEvents
'To execute trigger measurement when a PC key is pressed,
'From here on, continue receiving until an LF code occurs
'Create a key input check routine to set InputKey() = True when a key is pressed
If InputKey() = True Then
MSComm1.Output = "
∗
TRG" & vbCrLf 'When key input occurs, send " measurement
∗
TRG" to trigger
End If
Wend
recvstr = Left(recvstr, Len(recvstr) - 2)
Print #1, Str(i) & "," & recvstr
Next
'Delete the terminator (CR+LF)
'Write to the file
Close #1
MSComm1.PortOpen = False
End Sub
159
8.8 Sample Programs
(4) External Trigger Measurement 2
Measure and import according to external triggering of the 3541 (TRIG key or EXT I/O TRIG terminal input), and save measurements in a text file.
(The 3541 imports the most recent measurement by trigger input timing with the continuous measurement state)
Private Sub MeasureTrig2SubRS()
Dim recvstr As String
Dim i As Integer
MSComm1.Settings = "9600,n,8,1"
MSComm1.PortOpen = True
Open App.Path & "\data.csv" For Output As #1
MSComm1.Output = ":TRIG:SOUR IMM" & vbCrLf
MSComm1.Output = ":INIT:CONT ON" & vbCrLf
'Clear confirmation of External I/O TRIG input
MSComm1.Output = ":IO:IN?" & vbCrLf recvstr = ""
While Right(recvstr, 1) <> Chr(10)
recvstr = recvstr + MSComm1.Input
DoEvents
Wend
For i = 1 To 10
'Wait for External I/O TRIG input
Do While 1
MSComm1.Output = ":IO:IN?" & vbCrLf
recvstr = ""
While Right(recvstr, 1) <> Chr(10)
recvstr = recvstr + MSComm1.Input
DoEvents
Wend
If Left(recvstr, 1) = "1" Then Exit Do
DoEvents
Loop
MSComm1.Output = ":FETCH?" & vbCrLf
recvstr = ""
While Right(recvstr, 1) <> Chr(10)
recvstr = recvstr + MSComm1.Input
DoEvents
Wend
recvstr = Left(recvstr, Len(recvstr) - 2)
Print #1, Str(i) & "," & recvstr
Next
Close #1
MSComm1.PortOpen = False
End Sub
'Receiving char string
'Comm port setting
'Open a port
'Open a text file for saving
'Select internal triggering
'Continuous measurement ON
'Send ":FETCH?" to import the most recent measurement
'From here on, continue receiving until an LF code occurs
'Delete the terminator (CR+LF)
'Write to the file
160
8.8 Sample Programs
(5) Set Measurement State
Sets up the measurement setting state.
'Function: Resistance Measurement
'Range: 200 m Ω
'Sampling: SLOW2
'Triggering: Internal
'Comparator: ON, HI/LO Mode, Beeper HL, Upper Threshold 200000, Lower Threshold 100000
Private Sub SettingsSubRS()
MSComm1.Settings = "9600,n,8,1"
MSComm1.PortOpen = True
'Comm port setting
'Open a port
MSComm1.Output = ":FUNC RES" & vbCrLf
MSComm1.Output = ":RES:RANG 200E-3" & vbCrLf
MSComm1.Output = ":SAMP:RATE SLOW2" & vbCrLf
MSComm1.Output = ":TRIG:SOUR IMM" & vbCrLf
MSComm1.Output = ":INIT:CONT ON" & vbCrLf
MSComm1.Output = ":CALC:LIM:MODE HL" & vbCrLf
MSComm1.Output = ":CALC:LIM:BEEP HL" & vbCrLf
MSComm1.Output = ":CALC:LIM:UPP 200000" & vbCrLf
MSComm1.Output = ":CALC:LIM:LOW 100000" & vbCrLf
MSComm1.Output = ":CALC:LIM:STAT ON" & vbCrLf
'Select Resistance function
'Select 200 m Ω range
'Select SLOW2 sampling
'Select internal triggering
'Continuous measurement ON
'From here on, comparator settings
'Comparator ON
MSComm1.PortOpen = False
End Sub
161
8.8 Sample Programs
GP-IB Communications _________________________________________
(Using National Instruments GP-IB Board)
(1) Simple Resistance Measurement
Imports measured values 10 times, and saves measurements in a text file.
Private Sub MeasureSub()
Dim buffer As String ∗ 13
Dim recvstr As String
Dim pad As Integer
Dim gpibad As Integer
Dim timeout As Integer
Dim ud As Integer
Dim i As Integer pad = 0 gpibad = 1 timeout = T10s
Call ibfind("gpib0", 0)
Call ibdev(pad, gpibad, 0, timeout, 1, 0, ud)
Call SendIFC(pad)
Open App.Path & "\data.csv" For Output As #1
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":TRIG:SOUR IMM", NLend)
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":INIT:CONT ON", NLend)
For i = 1 To 10
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":FETCH?", NLend)
Call Receive(pad, gpibad, buffer, STOPend)
recvstr = Left(buffer, InStr(1, buffer, Chr(10)) - 1)
Print #1, Str(i) & "," & recvstr
Next
Close #1
Call ibonl(pad, 0)
End Sub
'Receiving butter
'Receiving char string
'Controller access
'Device Address
'Timeout period
'State (unused)
'Board Address 0
'3541 Address 1
'Timeout about 10s
'Initialize GP-IB
'Open a text file for saving
'Select internal triggering
'Continuous measurement ON
'Send ":FETCH?" to import the most recent measurement
'Receive
'Write to the file
162
8.8 Sample Programs
(2) Measure Resistance by PC Key
Measures and imports by key input on the PC, and saves measurements in a text file.
Private Sub MeasureReadSub()
Dim buffer As String ∗ 13
Dim recvstr As String
Dim pad As Integer
Dim gpibad As Integer
Dim timeout As Integer
Dim ud As Integer
Dim i As Integer
'Receiving butter
'Receiving char string
'Controller access
'Device Address
'Timeout period
'State (unused) pad = 0 gpibad = 1 timeout = T10s
Call ibfind("gpib0", 0)
Call ibdev(pad, gpibad, 0, timeout, 1, 0, ud)
Call SendIFC(pad)
Open App.Path & "\data.csv" For Output As #1
'Board Address 0
'3541 Address 1
'Timeout about 10s
'Initialize GP-IB
'Open a text file for saving
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":TRIG:SOUR IMM", NLend)
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":INIT:CONT OFF", NLend)
For i = 1 To 10
'Wait for PC key input
'Select internal triggering
'Continuous measurement OFF
'Create a key input check routine to set InputKey() = True when a key is pressed
Do While 1
If InputKey() = True Then Exit Do
DoEvents
Loop
'After confirming key input, measure once, and read the measured value
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":READ?", NLend) 'Send ":READ?" to measure and import the measurement
'Receive Call Receive(pad, gpibad, buffer, STOPend)
recvstr = Left(buffer, InStr(1, buffer, Chr(10)) - 1)
Print #1, Str(i) & "," & recvstr
Next
'Write to the file
Close #1
Call ibonl(pad, 0)
End Sub
163
8.8 Sample Programs
(3) External Trigger Measurement 1
Measure and import according to external triggering of the 3541 (TRIG key or EXT I/O TRIG terminal input), and save measurements in a text file.
Private Sub MeasureTrigSub()
Dim buffer As String ∗ 13
Dim recvstr As String
Dim pad As Integer
Dim gpibad As Integer
Dim timeout As Integer
Dim ud As Integer
Dim i As Integer pad = 0 gpibad = 1 timeout = T100s
Call ibfind("gpib0", 0)
Call ibdev(pad, gpibad, 0, timeout, 1, 0, ud)
Call SendIFC(pad)
Open App.Path & "\data.csv" For Output As #1
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":TRIG:SOUR EXT", NLend)
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":INIT:CONT OFF", NLend)
For i = 1 To 10
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":READ?", NLend)
Call Receive(pad, gpibad, buffer, STOPend)
recvstr = Left(buffer, InStr(1, buffer, Chr(10)) - 1)
Print #1, Str(i) & "," & recvstr
Next
Close #1
Call ibonl(pad, 0)
End Sub
'Receiving butter
'Receiving char string
'Controller access
'Device Address
'Timeout period
'State (unused)
'Board Address 0
'3541 Address 1
'Timeout 100s (because of external trigger wait state)
'Initialize GP-IB
'Open a text file for saving
'Select external triggering
'Continuous measurement OFF
'Send ":READ?" to measure and import the measurement
'Receive
'Write to the file
164
8.8 Sample Programs
(4) External Trigger Measurement 2
Measure and import according to external triggering of the 3541 (TRIG key or EXT I/O TRIG terminal input), and save measurements in a text file.
(The 3541 imports the most recent measurement by trigger input timing with the continuous measurement state)
Private Sub MeasureTrig2Sub()
Dim buffer As String ∗ 13
Dim recvstr As String
Dim pad As Integer
Dim gpibad As Integer
Dim timeout As Integer
Dim ud As Integer
Dim i As Integer pad = 0 gpibad = 1 timeout = T100s
Call ibfind("gpib0", 0)
Call ibdev(pad, gpibad, 0, timeout, 1, 0, ud)
Call SendIFC(pad)
Open App.Path & "\data.csv" For Output As #1
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":TRIG:SOUR IMM", NLend)
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":INIT:CONT ON", NLend)
'Clear confirmation of External I/O TRIG input
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":IO:IN?", NLend)
Call Receive(pad, gpibad, buffer, STOPend) recvstr = Left(buffer, InStr(1, buffer, Chr(10)) - 1)
For i = 1 To 10
'Wait for External I/O TRIG input
Do While 1
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":IO:IN?", NLend)
Call Receive(pad, gpibad, buffer, STOPend)
If Left(buffer, 1) = "1" Then Exit Do
DoEvents
Loop
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":FETCH?", NLend)
Call Receive(pad, gpibad, buffer, STOPend)
recvstr = Left(buffer, InStr(1, buffer, Chr(10)) - 1)
Print #1, Str(i) & "," & recvstr
Next
Close #1
Call ibonl(pad, 0)
End Sub
'Receiving butter
'Receiving char string
'Controller access
'Device Address
'Timeout period
'State (unused)
'Board Address 0
'3541 Address 1
'Timeout 100s (because of external trigger wait state)
'Initialize GP-IB
'Open a text file for saving
'Select internal triggering
'Continuous measurement ON
'Send ":FETCH?" to import the most recent measurement
'Receive
'Write to the file
8.8 Sample Programs
(5) Set Measurement State
Sets up the measurement setting state.
'Function: Resistance Measurement
'Range: 200 m Ω
'Sampling: SLOW2
'Triggering: Internal
'Comparator: ON, HI/LO Mode, Beeper HL, Upper Threshold 200000, Lower Threshold 100000
Private Sub SettingsSub()
Dim pad As Integer
Dim gpibad As Integer
'Controller access
'Device Address
Dim timeout As Integer
Dim ud As Integer
'Timeout period
'State (unused) pad = 0 gpibad = 1 timeout = T10s
Call ibfind("gpib0", 0)
Call ibdev(pad, gpibad, 0, timeout, 1, 0, ud)
Call SendIFC(pad)
'Board Address 0
'3541 Address 1
'Timeout about 10s
'Initialize GP-IB
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":FUNC RES", NLend)
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":RES:RANG 200E-3", NLend)
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":SAMP:RATE SLOW2", NLend)
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":TRIG:SOUR IMM", NLend)
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":INIT:CONT OFF", NLend)
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":CALC:LIM:MODE HL", NLend)
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":CALC:LIM:BEEP HL", NLend)
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":CALC:LIM:UPP 200000", NLend)
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":CALC:LIM:LOW 100000", NLend)
Call Send(pad, gpibad, ":CALC:LIM:STAT ON", NLend)
Call ibonl(pad, 0)
End Sub
'Select Resistance function
'Select 200 m Ω range
'Select SLOW2 sampling
'Select internal triggering
'Continuous measurement OFF
'From here on, comparator settings
'Comparator ON
165
166
8.8 Sample Programs
Specifications
9.1 General Specifications
Chapter 9
167
9.1 General Specifications
Measurement functions Four-terminal resistance measurement
Low-power four-terminal resistance measurement
Temperature measurement
(Pt)
Temperature measurement
(analog input)
Temperature measurement
(3444/3445+3909 via RS-232C)
Range switching function
0.1
10
μΩ
(20 m
Ω
range) to 110.000 M
Ω
μΩ
(2
Ω
range) to 2.00000 k
Ω
-10.0 to 99.9
0 to 2 V
-50.0
°
°
C
C to 500.0
°
C
Auto-ranging (AUTO indicator) and Manual setting
Temperature correction function
Reference temperature setting range
-10 to +99.9
° C
Temperature coefficient setting range
-99999 to +99999 ppm
Displayed values
Correction formula
R t 0
=
1
+ α t 0
R t
×
( t
− t
0
)
-99,999 to +999,999 dgt
R t
0
α t
R t0 t Ambient temperature .................. [
°
C] t0
Actual measured resistance......... [
Ω
]
Corrected resistance ................... [
Ω
]
Reference temp. ........................ [
°
C]
Temperature coefficient at t
0
... [1/
°
C]
Temperature conversion function
Display
Cold-state winding resistance setting range (R
1
)
Cold-state temperature setting range (t
1
)
Reciprocal temp. coefficient setting range (k)
Temp. increase
Δ t
00.0000 m
Ω
to 110.000 M
Ω
-10.0 to 99.9
°
C
-999.9 to +999.9
Conversion formula
Δ t
=
R
2
R
1
( k
+ t
1
) ( k
+ t a
)
Δ t Temperature increase..............................[ ° C] t t
1 a
R
1
Winding temp. (cool state) when measuring initial resistance R1..................................[ ° C]
Ambient temp. at final measurement .......[
°
C]
Winding resistance at temp. t1 (cool state)[ Ω ]
Winding resistance at final measurement .[ Ω ] R
2 k Reciprocal of temp. coefficient of conductor material at 0 ° C .........................................[ ° C]
168
9.1 General Specifications
Zero-Adjust function
Sampling rate
Self-Calibration Function
Function (MEDIUM and
FAST sampling)
(Occurs at power-on, and after switching measurement settings)
AUTO MEDIUM and FAST Self-calibration occurs every 30 minutes
SLOW2 and
SLOW1
SLOW2 and
SLOW1
Self-calibration occurs at every sample
MANUAL MEDIUM and FAST Self-calibration upon input from EXT I/O terminal
Self-calibration occurs at every sample
Measurement fault detection
Function
Output timing
Open-circuit SOURCE and SENSE wiring and constant-current faults can always be observed.
ERR output is present at the EXT I/O terminal when a measurement fault is detected
ErrCurr is displayed when the SOURCE line is open
ErrHi is displayed when the SENSE-H line is open
ErrLo is displayed when the SENSE-L line is open
SYNC or ASYNC
SYNC: Synchronous with EOC output
ASYNC: Asynchronous with EOC output
Overflow detection function
Offset Voltage
Compensation function
Trigger function
Zero-Adjust range 1,000 dgt in each range
SLOW2, SLOW1, MEDIUM or FAST
OF or -OF appears when input exceeds the specified display range
ON or OFF
Internal trigger Triggering occurs internally when a measurement is finished
External trigger EXT.TRIG appears
Triggering occurs by any of the following:
TRIG key, EXT I/O TRIG terminal,
∗
TRG or GET command
When :INITIATE:CONTINUOUS is OFF, an :INITIATE command must be sent before triggering.
Delay function AUTO or MANUAL
AUTO
Normal resistance measurement (Offset Voltage Compensation OFF)
Range [
Ω
] 20 m 200 m 2 20 200 2 k 20 k 100 k 1 M 10 M 100 M
Delay [ms] 30 30 3 3 3 3 3 10 100 500 1000
Normal resistance measurement (Offset Voltage Compensation ON)
Range [
Ω
] 20 m 200 m 2 20 200 2 k 20 k
Delay [ms] 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Low-Power mode (Offset Voltage Compensation OFF)
Range [
Ω
] 2 20 200 2 k
Delay [ms] 3 3 3 15
Low-Power mode (Offset Voltage Compensation ON)
Range [
Ω
] 2 20 200 2 k
Delay [ms] 100 100 100 100
MANUAL Delay: 0.000 to 9.999s
Measurement fault detection time setting
AUTO/MANUAL
AUTO 20
Ω
ranges, LP function all ranges 833
μ s
2 k
Ω
to 100 M
Ω
ranges 500
μ s
MANUAL 0.000 to 9.998s
Averaging
169
9.1 General Specifications
No. of samples to average
2 to 100, OFF
Averaging method
Integrating average
However, with external triggering and continuous measurement
ON (Free-Run), the default averaging method is Moving
Average
Average (of measurements D1 to D6) with Averaging Samples set to 2.
1st Sample 2nd Sample 3rd Sample
Free-Run (Moving Avg.) (D1+D2)/2 (D2+D3)/2 (D3+D4)/2
Non-Free-Run (integrating Avg.) (D1+D2)/2 (D3+D4)/2 (D5+D6)/2
Statistical calculation Setting
Calculations
Data importing
ON or OFF
Total Data Count, Mean, Minimum Value (serial no.), Maximum
Value (serial no.), Standard Deviation of Sample, Overall
Standard Deviation, Process Capability Indices
Statistical calculation occurs by any of the following:
TRIG key, EXT I/O TRIG terminal,
∗
TRG or GET command
Up to 30000 Data count
Key-Lock function ON or OFF
Remote/Local function Operation When RS-232C or GP-IB communication is enabled, REMOTE is lit.
Pressing the SHIFT
→
AUTO keys switches from Remote to
Local operation
Line frequency setting 50 or 60 Hz
SAVE/LOAD Storage capacity (No. of sets of settings) 30
Saved settings • Measurement functions
• Resistance Measurement
Range
• Low-Power Resistance
Measurement Range
• Zero-Adjust ON/OFF
• Zero-Adjust Value
• Temp. Correction Function
ON/OFF
• Reference Temperature
• Temperature Coefficient
• Temp. Conversion Function
ON/OFF
• Initial Resistance
• Initial Temperature
• Constant
• Statistical Calculation ON/OFF
• Sampling rate
• Self-Calibration AUTO/
MANUAL
• Offset Voltage Compensation
ON/OFF
• Trigger Setting INT/EXT
• Delay AUTO/MANUAL
• Delay (time value)
• Measurement fault detection time
• Averaging ON/OFF
• No. of samples to average
• Key-Lock
• Comparator ON/OFF
• Comparator Beeper
• Comparator Thresholds
• Comparator Comparison
Method
• BIN ON/OFF
• Each BIN No. ON/OFF
• BIN Thresholds
• BIN Comparison Method
• External I/O BIN/BCD
170
9.1 General Specifications
Comparator
BIN measurements
Reset function
Decision Hi
IN
Lo
Display Value > Upper Threshold, or OF
Upper Threshold
≥
Display Value
≥
Lower Threshold
Lower Threshold > Display Value, or -OF
Absolute value decision
Relative value decision
Upper/Lower Threshold range: 0 to 999,999 dgt
−
(Reference Value)} /
(Reference Value)
-99.999% to 99.999%
Reference Value setting: 0 to 999,999 dgt
Tolerance (%) setting: 00.000 to 99.999%
Beeper
Decision
Absolute value decision
Relative value decision
BINs
OFF, IN, Hi/Lo
IN Upper Threshold
≥
Display Value
≥
Lower Threshold
Upper/Lower Threshold range: 0 to 999,999 dgt
Reference Value setting:0 to 999,999 dgt
Tolerance (%) setting: 00.000 to 99.999%
10
Reset Returns all settings except SAVE data to factory defaults
System Reset
(Remote
Command only)
Returns all settings including SAVE data to factory defaults
9.1 General Specifications
Operating temperature and humidity
Storage temperature and humidity
0 to 40
°
C, 80% RH or less (non-condensating)
-10 to 50
°
C, 80% RH or less (non-condensating)
Temperature and humidity range for guaranteed accuracy
Period of guaranteed accuracy
23 ±5
°
1 year
C, 80% RH or less (non-condensating)
Operating environment Indoors, Up to 2000 m (6562 ft) ASL
Rated supply voltage 100 to 240 V AC (with allowance for ±10% variation in line voltage)
Rated supply frequency 50/ 60 Hz
Power consumption 30 VA
Dielectric strength
Dimensions
1.39 kV AC for 15s, Cutoff current 10 mA, between all power terminals and protective ground
Approx. 215W x 80H x 295D mm (8.46”W x 3.15”H x11.61”D)
(sans protrusions)
Approx. 2.6 kg (91.7oz.) Mass
Applicable Standards
Safety EN61010-1
Pollution degree 2
EMC
Accessories
Options
EN61326
EN61000-3-2
EN61000-3-3
Effect of radiated radio-frequency electromagnetic field: 1%f.s. at 3 V/m
Effect of conducted radio-frequency electromagnetic field: 0.5%f.s. at 3V
9287-10 CLIP TYPE LEAD ........................................................ 1
9451 TEMPERATURE PROBE ................................................. 1
Instruction Manual...................................................................... 1
Power Cord (2-line + ground)..................................................... 1
EXT I/O Male Connector ............................................................ 1
9452 CLIP TYPE LEAD
9453 FOUR TERMINAL LEAD
9454 ZERO ADJUSTMENT BOARD
9455 PIN TYPE LEAD (for ultra precision)
9461 PIN TYPE LEAD
9467 LARGE CLIP TYPE LEAD
9300 CONNECTION CABLE
9637 RS-232C CABLE (9-pin to 9-pin, crossover)
9638 RS-232C CABLE (9-pin to 25-pin, crossover)
9151-02 GP-IB CONNECTOR CABLE (2 m)
9151-04 GP-IB CONNECTOR CABLE (4 m)
9670 PRINTER (Sanei Electric Model BL-80RS II)
9671 AC ADAPTER (for 9670, Sanei Electric Model BL-100W)
9672 BATTERY PACK (for 9670)
9673 BATTERY CHARGER (for 9672)
9237 RECORDING PAPER (80 mm x 25 m, 4 rolls, for 9670)
9638 RS-232C CABLE (for 3541-9670)
171
172
9.2 Accuracy
9.2 Accuracy
Resistance Measurement _______________________________________
• After zero adjustment, No temperature correction, Offset voltage compensation OFF
• Add temperature coefficient ±(1/10 of measurement accuracy)
°
C from 0 to 18 and from 28 to 40
°
C
• Warm-up time is 60 minutes (accuracy specifications are double from 30 to 60 min)
• For FAST and MEDIUM sampling, execute self-calibration after warm-up.
Temperature variation after warm-up should be within ±2
°
C.
• Add the value calculated below to the rdg error for resistance measurement accuracy when temperature correction is enabled:
1 +
α
– to
100
×
α t +
Δt
Δt t
0
)
[%] t
0
α
Reference temp. [
° C ] t Ambient temp. [
°
C ]
Δ t Temp. measurement accuracy t0
Temp. coefficient at t
0
[1/
° C ]
• Open-terminal voltage specifications in the following table may be momentarily exceeded when the probe is removed from the test object.
Resistance Measurement Function
1-year accuracy (23 ±5
°
C) (rdg = read value, f.s. = max. value, dgt. = resolution, ppm: parts per million)
SLOW2 SLOW1 MEDIUM FAST
Range
*1
Displayed Values
*2 ±(ppm of rdg. + ppm of f.s.)
Measurement
Current
Open-
Terminal
Voltage
20 m
2
Ω
20 Ω
Ω
200 m
200 m
*3
Ω
Ω
20.0000 to -0.2000 m
200.000 to -02.000 m
200.000 to -02.000 m
2000.00 to -020.00 m
20.0000 to -0.2000 Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
1000+150
(1000+10)
1000+60
(1000+10)
500+100
(500+10)
140+40
(140+10)
100+40
(100+10)
1000+170
(1000+10)
1000+80
(1000+10)
500+120
(500+10)
140+60
(140+10)
100+60
(100+10)
1000+200
(1000+10)
1000+120
(1000+10)
500+150
(500+20)
140+100
(140+10)
100+100
(100+10)
1000+250
(1000+40)
1000+170
(1000+20)
500+200
(500+80)
140+150
(140+40)
100+150
(100+40)
1 A ±5%
1 A ±5%
100 mA ±5%
100 mA ±5%
10 mA ±5%
5 Vmax
5 Vmax
2.6 Vmax
2.6 Vmax
2.6 Vmax
200
2 k Ω
Ω
200.000 to -02.000
2000.00 to -020.00
Ω
Ω
80+15
(80+10)
70+15
(70+10)
80+30
(80+10)
70+30
(70+10)
80+40
(80+10)
70+40
(70+10)
80+100
(80+40)
70+100
(70+100)
10 mA ±5%
1 mA ±5%
2.6 Vmax
2.6 Vmax
20 k
Ω
20.0000 to -0.2000 k
Ω
70+15
(70+10)
100 k Ω 110.000 to -02.000 k Ω 70+30
1 M Ω 1100.00 to -020.00 k Ω 80+30
10 M Ω 11.0000 to -0.2000
M Ω 400+60
100 M Ω 110.000 to -02.000 M Ω 2000+200
70+30
(70+10)
70+60
80+60
400+90
2000+230
70+40
(70+10)
70+80
80+80
70+200 100 μ A ±5% 13 Vmax
150+100 10 μ A ±5% 13 Vmax
400+140 3000+200 1 μ A ±5% 13 Vmax
2000+250
70+100
(70+100)
30000(3%)
+300
100
μ
A ±5%
100 nA ±5%
2.6 Vmax
13 Vmax
*1: 100 k
Ω
range and above are calculated as f.s. = 100,000 dgt.
*2: The lower values in ( ) are with Offset voltage compensation ON
*3: The 200 m
Ω
range with 100 mA measurement current can be selected during power-up or by remote command.
173
9.2 Accuracy
Low Power Resistance Measurement Function
1-year accuracy (23 ±5 ° C) (rdg = read value, f.s. = max. value, dgt. = resolution, ppm: parts per million)
Range Displayed Values
SLOW2
*3
SLOW1 MEDIUM FAST
±(ppm of rdg. + ppm of f.s.)
Measurement
Current
Open-
Terminal
Voltage *4
2 Ω
20 Ω
2 k Ω
2000.00 to -020.00 m Ω
20.0000 to -0.2000 Ω
200 Ω 200.000 to -02.000 Ω
2000.00 to -020.00 Ω
110+100
(110+10)
110+100
(110+10)
110+100
(110+10)
110+100
(110+10)
110+120
(110+10)
110+120
(110+10)
110+120
(110+10)
110+120
(110+10)
110+150
(110+20)
110+150
(110+20)
110+150
(110+20)
110+150
(110+20)
110+200
(110+80)
110+200
(110+80)
110+200
(110+80)
200+200
(200+80)
10 mA ±5% 60 mVmax
1 mA ±5%
100 μ A ±5% 60 mVmax
10 μ A ±5%
60 mVmax
60 mVmax
*3: The lower values in ( ) are with Offset voltage compensation ON
*4: When using external triggering, open-terminal voltage is limited to 20 mV maximum from when INDEX goes
High until the next trigger input.
Temperature Measurement_______________________________________
Pt Sensor
Temperature Sensor
HIOKI 9451 (PT500 (at 25 ° C ))
Accuracy
Range of Guaranteed
Accuracy
Resolution
6-Month Accuracy
1-Year Accuracy
-10.0 to 39.9
° C
0.1
° C
±0.30% rdg ±0.5.0
° C*1
±0.45% rdg ±0.8.0
° C*1
40.0 to 99.9
° C
0.1
° C
±0.30% rdg ±1.0
° C*1
±0.45% rdg ±1.5.0
° C*1
*1: Accuracy is in combination with 9451 TEMPERATURE PROBE.
Accuracy of instrument alone is ±0.2
° C for 6 months (±0.3
° C for 1 year).
Add temperature coefficient ±0.02/ ° C to above accuracy for ambient temperature ranges 0 to 18 and 28 to 40 ° C.
Temperature measurement (analog input)
Accuracy 1-Year
Input Range 0 to 2 V
Display -99.9
° C to 999.9
° C
Resolution 1 mV or better
Accuracy ±1% rdg ±3 mV *2
*2: Temperature accuracy conversion method (Only 3541 instrument)
1 %
×
(
T
R
−
T
0 V
)
+
0 .
3 %
×
(
T
1 V
−
T
0 V
)
T
1V
T
0V
... temperature @ 1-V input
... temperature @ 0-V input
T
R
..... current temperature
Add temperature coefficient (±0.1% rdg ±0.3 mV)/
°
C to above accuracy for ambient temperature ranges 0 to 18 and 28 to 40
°
C.
174
9.2 Accuracy
Sampling _____________________________________________________
Resistance and Low-Power Resistance Measurement
During measurement
(Trigger to EOC=ON)
Line Frequency SLOW2
50 Hz
60 Hz
455±10
449±10
SLOW1
155±5
149±5
MEDIUM
21±1
17±1
FAST
0.60±0.3
0.60±0.3
[ms]
• DELAY = 0 ms, OVC = OFF, TC = OFF, Statistical Calculation = OFF,
Comparator = Hi/Lo
• With FAST and MEDIUM sampling settings, AUTO self-calibration
(if enabled) occurs for 55 ±10 ms every 30 minutes.
During importing (from INDEX=OFF to INDEX=ON)
Line Frequency SLOW2
50 Hz 400±10
60 Hz 400±10
SLOW1
100±5
100±5
MEDIUM
20.0±1
16.7±1
FAST
0.30±0.1
0.30±0.1
[ms]
Temperature
Measurement
Sampling Rate: 400 ±10 ms
10.1 Inspection, Repair and Cleaning
Maintenance
and Service
Chapter 10
175
10.1 Inspection, Repair and Cleaning
Calibration and repair of this instrument should be performed only under the supervision of qualified technicians knowledgeable about the dangers involved.
• If damage is suspected, check the "Troubleshooting" section before contacting your dealer or Hioki representative.
• If no measurement value is displayed even when the probes are shorted together, an internal fuse may have blown.
Blown internal fuses are not user-replaceable, so if this occurs, please contact your dealer or Hioki representative.
Transporting
Pack the instrument so that it will not sustain damage during shipping, and include a description of existing damage. We cannot accept responsibility for damage incurred during shipping.
Before returning for repair
Symptom
The display does not appear when you turn the power on.
Keys do not operate.
Check Items
Is the power cord disconnected?
Countermeasure
Reconnect the power cord.
An error is displayed.
Operation is abnormal.
Is the unit in the key-locked state?
Disable the key-lock state.
❖
5.10 Key-Lock Function (page 69)
Set GP-IB to local.
Is the instrument being remotely controlled externally using GP-IB?
Is the instrument being remotely controlled externally using RS-
232C?
Set RS-232C to local.
❖
External electrical noise may occasionally cause malfunctions. If operation seems abnormal, try executing a Reset.
❖
176
10.2 Error Display
Cleaning _____________________________________________________
To clean the instrument, wipe it gently with a soft cloth moistened with water or mild detergent. Never use solvents such as benzene, alcohol, acetone, ether, ketones, thinners or gasoline, as they can deform and discolor the case.
10.2 Error Display
Display
Err02
Zero-Adjust Range Error
Err10
Execution Error
Err11
Command Error
Description
The value before zero-adjustment exceeded 1,000 dgt.
The data portion of a remote command is invalid.
The command portion of a remote command is invalid.
Err80
Manual Adjustment Range Error
The valid adjustment range was exceeded during adjustment.
Err90
ROM Error
Err91
RAM Error
An internal program error occurred. Repair is required.
An internal RAM error occurred. Repair is required.
Err92
EEPROM (Adjustment Data) Error Adjustment data is corrupted. Repair is required.
Err95
Err96
ErrCur
Resistance A/D Communications
Error
Temperature A/D Communications
Error
The A/D converter used for resistance measurement is damaged. Repair is required.
The A/D converter used for temperature measurement is damaged. Repair is required.
Constant-Current Fault
• The SOURCE terminal is not in contact with a test circuit.
• The resistance of the test circuit greatly exceeds the measurement range.
• High resistance between the test circuit and the
SOURCE terminal impedes the flow of measurement current.
• High lead resistance (or an open circuit) on the
SOURCE line impedes the flow of measurement current.
• The circuit protection fuse is blown. (In this case, repair is required.)
177
10.2 Error Display
ErrHi
SENSE-H Open Circuit
• The SENSE-H terminal is not in contact with the test circuit.
• Resistance between the test circuit and the SENSE-
H terminal is high.
• Lead resistance on the SENSE-H line is high (or the line is open).
• The circuit protection fuse is blown. (In this case, repair is required.)
ErrLo
- - - - -
Error tC SnS
SENSE-L Open Circuit
• The SENSE-L terminal is not in contact with the test circuit.
• Resistance between the test circuit and the SENSE-
L terminal is high.
• Lead resistance on the SENSE-L line is high (or the line is open).
Constant-Current Fault, SENSE-H Open Circuit and SENSE-L Open Circuit are occurring simultaneously.
Temperature Sensor Error
The temperature probe is not connected. Please connect the temperature probe when performing temperature correction or temperature conversion.
178
10.2 Error Display
3
Appendix 1 Four-Terminal (Voltage-Drop) Method
Appendix
179
Appendix 1 Four-Terminal (Voltage-Drop)
Method
The Four-Terminal method is essential for measuring very small resistance values.
With two-terminal measurements (Fig. 1), the resistance of the test leads is included in the measured resistance, resulting in measurement errors.
The four-terminal method (Fig. 2) consists of current source terminals to provide constant current, and voltage detection terminals to detect voltage drop.
Because of the high input impedance of the voltmeter, measurement requires practically no current flow through the leads connecting the voltage detection terminals to the test object, practically eliminating the effects of lead and contact resistance on the measurement.
Two-Terminal Measurement Method
Constant current source
Voltmeter
E
I
Measurement current I flows through test object resistance R
0
as well as lead resistances r
1
and r
2
.
The voltage to be measured is obtained by E = I(r
1
+R
0
+r
2
), which includes lead resistances r
1
and r
2
.
r
1 r
2
Resistance R
0
Figure 1.
Four-Terminal Measurement Method
Constant current source r
1
Voltmeter r
3
E
E
0 r
4
Resistance R
0
Figure 2.
I r
2
All of measurement current I flows through test object resistance R
0
. So the voltage drop across r
3
and r
4
is practically nil, and voltage E across the measurement terminals and voltage E
0 across test object resistance R
0
are essentially equal, allowing test object resistance to be measured without being affected by r
1
to r
4
.
180
Appendix 2 Temperature Correction Function (TC)
Appendix 2 Temperature Correction
Function (TC)
Temperature correction employs the temperature coefficient of a material to convert its resistance measured at one temperature to the value it would have at any other temperature, for display. Because resistance is fundamentally temperature-dependent, measuring it without considering the temperature can provide meaningless results.
Resistances R t
and R t0
below are the resistance values of the test object (having resistance temperature coefficient at t
0 and t
0
°
C.
°
C of
α t0
) at t
°
C
R t
=
R t
R t0 t
0 t
α t0
R
t0
× {
1 +
α
t0
× ( t – t
0
) }
Actual measured resistance [
Ω
]
Corrected resistance [
Ω
]
Reference temperature [
°
C]
Ambient temperature [
°
C]
Temperature coefficient at t
0
[1/
°
C]
Example If a copper test object (with resistance temperature coefficient of 3930 ppm) measures 100
Ω
at 30
°
C, its resistance at 20
°
C is calculated as follows:
R
t0
=
1 +
α
t0
R
1
× t – t
0
)
=
1 +
(
3930
×
10
– 6 ) × (
30 – 20
)
= 96.22
Refer to the following for temperature correction settings and execution method:
❖
Making Temperature Correction Settings (Reference Temperature and
Temperature Coefficient) (Page 58)
❖
Enabling/Disabling Temperature Correction (Page 59)
❖
• The temperature probe detects only ambient temperature; not surface temperature.
• Before measuring, allow the instrument and temperature probe to warm up completely, place the temperature probe as close to the test object as possible, and allow sufficient time for them to stabilize at ambient temperature.
181
Appendix 2 Temperature Correction Function (TC)
Reference _____________________________________________________
Conductive Properties of Metals and Alloys
Material Content [%]
Cu>99.9
Density (x10
[ kg/m
3
]
3
)
8.89
Annealed copper wire
Hard-drawn copper wire
Cadmium copper wire
Silver copper
Cu>99.9
Cd 0.7 to 1.2
Ag 0.03 to 0.1
8.89
8.94
8.89
Chrome copper 8.89
Carlson alloy wire
Annealed aluminum wire
Hard-drawn aluminum wire
Cr 0.4 to 0.8
Ni 2.5 to 4.0
Si 0.5 to 1.0
Al>99.5
2.7
2.7
Aldrey wire
Al>99.5
Si 0.4 to 0.6
Mg 0.4 to 0.5
Al remaining portion
Conductivity
1.00 to 1.02
0.96 to 0.98
0.85 to 0.88
0.96 to 0.98
0.40 to 0.50
0.80 to 0.85
0.25 to 0.45
0.63 to 0.64
0.60 to 0.62
0.50 to 0.55
Temp. Coeff.
(20 ° C) [ppm]
3810 to 3970
3770 to 3850
3340 to 3460
3930
20
30
980 to 1770
42
40
36
Copper Wire Conductivity
Diameter [mm]
0.01 to less than 0.26
0.26 to less than 0.50
0.50 to less than 2.00
2.00 to less than 8.00
Annealed copper wire
0.98
0.993
1.00
1.00
Tinned annealed copper wire
0.93
0.94
0.96
0.97
Hard-drawn copper wire
−
0.96
0.96
0.97
The temperature coefficient changes according to temperature and conductivity, so if the temperature coefficient at 20
°
C is
α
20
and the temperature coefficient for conductivity C at t
°
C is
α ct
,
α ct
is determined as follows near ambient temperature.
α ct
=
α
20
1
×
C
+
( t – 20
)
For example, the temperature coefficient of international standard annealed copper is 3930 ppm @20
°
C. For tinned annealed copper wire (with diameter from 0.10 to less than 0.26 mm), the temperature coefficient
α
20
at 20
°
C is calculated as follows:
α
20
=
1
0.00393
×
0.93
+
(
20 – 20
)
≈ 3650 ppm
182
Appendix 3 Temperature Conversion Function (
Δ t)
Appendix 3 Temperature Conversion
Function (
Δ t)
Utilizing the temperature-dependent nature of resistance, the temperature conversion function converts resistance measurements for display as temperatures. This method of temperature conversion is described here.
According to IEC standard 60034, the resistance law may be applied to determine temperature increase as follows:
Δt
=
Δ t t
1 t a
R
1
R
2 k
R
------ k
R
1
(
+ t
1
)
–
( k + t a
)
Temperature increase [ ° C]
Winding temp. [ ° C, cool state] when measuring initial resistance R
1
Ambient temp. [
°
C] at final measurement
Winding resistance [
Ω
] at temp. t
1
(cool state)
Winding resistance [ Ω ] at final measurement
Reciprocal [ ° C] of temp. coefficient of conductor material at 0 ° C
Example With initial resistance R and final resistance R
2
1
of 200 m Ω at initial temperature t
1
of 20 ° C,
of 210 m
Ω
at current ambient temperature t a
of
25
°
C, the temperature increase value is calculated as follows:
Δt
=
=
R
2
R
1
(
+ t
210
×
10
1
)
– 3
– 3
–
(
( k +
+ t a
)
20
200
×
10
)
–
(
235 + 25
)
= 7.75
°
C
Therefore, the current temperature t
R
of the resistive body can be calculated as follows: t
R
= t a
+
Δt
= 25 + 7.75
= 32.75
°
C
For a test object that is not copper or aluminum with a temperature coefficient of
α t0
, the constant k can be calculated using the formula shown for the temperature correction function and the above formula, as follows: k =
α
1
– t
0
t0
For example, the temperature coefficient of copper at 20
°
C is 3930 ppm, so the constant k in this case is as follows, which shows almost the same value as the constant for copper 235 defined by the IEC standard.
k =
1
– 20 = 234.5
3930
×
10
– 6
183
Appendix 4 Effect of Thermoelectromotive Force
Appendix 4 Effect of Thermoelectromotive
Force
Thermoelectromotive force is the potential difference that occurs at the junction of two dissimilar metals, which if sufficiently large, can cause erroneous measurements. Because this instrument functions by measuring potential difference while applying a constant direct current through the test object, the effect of thermoelectromotive force can affect measurements. The amplitude of thermoelectromotive force depends on the temperature of the measurement environment, with the force generally being greater at higher temperature.
Thermoelectromotive force typically occurs at any junction of dissimilar metals, including between the test probe tips and the test object.
The following diagram illustrates thermoelectromotive force.
Metal A
Thermoelectromotive force Metal B
3541
Measurement discrepancy caused by thermoelectromotive force:
Example If the amplitude of electromotive force is 10
μ
V and the resistance to be measured is 2 Ω , the measurement current of the LP 2 Ω range is
10 mA, and the actual measured value displayed on the instrument is as follows:
(2
Ω
x 10 mA + 10
μ
V) ÷ 10 mA = 2.00100
Ω
The effect of this thermoelectromotive force can be suppressed by enabling this instrument's Offset Voltage Compensation (OVC) function.
In the 2
Ω
or higher range and the 200m
Ω
range (100 mA measurement current), a measurement R
ON
is first taken with measurement current on, then the current is switched off and another measurement R
OFF
is taken, with the true measurement value calculated by R
ON
−
R
OFF
for display.
In the 20m
Ω
and 200m
Ω
ranges (1A measurement current), the following value is displayed as the true resistance obtained from the value R
P
(>0) measured with measurement current flowing in the positive direction and the value R
N
(<0) measured with measurement current flowing in the negative direction.
R p
–
2
R
------------------(R
N
is a negative value)
184
Appendix 4 Effect of Thermoelectromotive Force
With inductive test objects such as a power transformers or solenoid coils, the following stabilization time is required to achieve a steadystate level after current is applied.
When using the Offset Voltage Compensation (OVC) function, presume 10 times the calculation voltage when setting the delay.
t = –
R ln 1 – ------
⎞
V
0
L
R
I
V
O
Inductance of test object
Resistance of test object + test leads + contacts
Measurement current (refer to 9.2 Accuracy (Page 172))
Open-terminal voltage (refer to 9.2 Accuracy (Page 172))
185
Appendix 5 JEC 2137-Compliant Resistance Measurement of Inductive Machines
Appendix 5 JEC 2137-Compliant Resistance
Measurement of Inductive
Machines
Standard JEC 2137 specifies the determination of resistance values according to the following formula:
R t
R
= R t
T
× t + k
------------t
T
+ k
...................................... Formula 1 t t
Rt
R
Winding resistance at reference temperature t
R
R tT
0
T
Measured value of winding resistance at t
Reference temperature [ ° C]
T
Temperature of winding during measurement [ ° C] k Constant (235 for copper wire)
Transforming Formula 1 provides the following:
R t
------R
R t
T
= t t
R
T
+
+ k
------------k
=
1 + t
R
+ k
T
– t
R
)
............. Formula 2
On the other hand, Formula 3 shows the temperature correction process with the 3541.
So the temperature coefficient to be set is determined as shown in
Formula 4.
R t
R
=
1 +
α t
R
R t
× ( t
T
– t
R
)
............................ Formula 3
α t
R
= t
R
+ k ............................................. Formula 4
For example, if the reference temperature is 20
°
C, set the temperature coefficient for the instrument as follows.
α t
R
= t
R
+ k
=
1
= 3922
20 + 235
[ppm/deg]
186
Appendix 6 DC and AC Models
Appendix 6 DC and AC Models
Both AC and DC resistance meter models are available. Use the type appropriate for the intended purpose.
• DC Models 3540 m
Ω
HiTESTER, 3541 RESISTANCE HiTESTER
• AC Model 3560 AC m
Ω
HiTESTER, 3561 BATTERY HiTESTER
The DC models are commonly used for general-purpose ohmmeters, and for measuring the resistance of windings and contacts.
AC models are used to measure the internal resistance of batteries and other for cases where measurements cannot be made with DC, such as for measuring with extremely low power.By using alternating current for measurement, AC models are able to measure the resistance of an object without being affected by battery-EMF or
Thermal-EMFs.
Battery
DUT
Internal Resistance
DUTs which have EMF
On the other hand, with AC measurements, iron losses may have to be included in the series equivalent resistance of windings, so consideration should be given to the difference in values measured with DC.
Reference ____________________________________________________
We offer Model 3560 AC Milliohm HiTESTER for measuring resistance with
AC, which complies with all of the measurement conditions regulated by the
IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission), and Models 3550, 3551
3555 and 3561 Battery HiTESTERs for measuring battery internal resistance.
Measurement conditions regulated by the IEC are as follows:
•Frequency: 1kHz ± 200Hz
•Accuracy: ± 10%
•Current (RMS): 1A or less
•Voltage (crest): 20mV or less
187
Appendix 6 DC and AC Models
Comparison of DC and AC Resistance Meters
Model
Measurement
Principle
3541
DC Resistance Meters
3540
DC current measurement
Advantages
• Capable of relatively stable, high-precision measurement
• Able to measure resistance of windings
Disadvantages
Usage
Measurement current and resolution
• Because measurements cannot be performed with DC bias, they are susceptible to Thermal-
EMFs.
Relatively high measurement power is required to overcome effects of Thermal-EMFs.
• Oxidized film on contacts can be damaged and it degrades measurement accuracy.
• MR elements can be damaged.
• Chip inductor characteristics can be altered.
However, if the error is within the realm of
Thermal-EMFs, it can be countered by OVC.
Also, MR elements and chip inductors can be measured with the lowpower measurement function
• General-purpose resistance measurement
• Measurement of winding resistance, for power circuits
• Measurement of switch contact resistance
• Measurement of conductor resistance
• Measurement of contact resistance of switches for very small current, such as electronic components
• Measurement of fragile components such as MR elements and chip inductors
0.1 μΩ , 1A
1 μΩ , 1A/ 100mA
10 μΩ , 100mA / 10mA
100 μΩ , 10mA / 1mA
10 μΩ
100
, 100mA
μΩ , 10mA
AC Resistance Meter
3560
AC current measurement
• Very low-current (low power) measurements
• Measures even with DC bias, internal (operating) resistance measurement. Unaffected by
Thermal-EMFs.
• In some cases, resistance measurement of windings and inductors may not be possible.
• Less accurate than DC method.
• Measurement of internal resistance of batteries and semiconductors(operating resistance ∗ )
• Measurement of contact resistance of switches for very small current, such as electronic components ∗
• Conductor resistance measurement of bi-metallic junctions
1 μΩ , 7.4mA
10 μΩ , 1mA
100 μΩ , 0.1mA
∗ Not all AC power relays are measurable.
188
Appendix 7 Combination with Voltage Withstanding Tester
Appendix 7 Combination with Voltage
Withstanding Tester
The 3541 may be used together with a voltage withstanding tester as part of a testing system for wirewound components. When used in this way, current stored in the winding can flow into the 3541 when abruptly connected, and aside from blowing the fuse, could damage the 3541. In addition, the input protection fuse in the 3541 is a special type with ultra-low Thermal-EMFs, which is not intended to be customer replaceable.
Therefore, bear in mind the following when constructing a testing line that uses the withstanding tester in combination:
(1)The voltage withstanding specification of switching relays should include a safe margin over the withstanding testing voltage (such as 5/10kVDC between contacts).
(2)All 3541 measurement terminals should be grounded during voltage withstanding testing.
(3)Measure resistance first, and voltage withstanding last. If voltage withstanding testing must be performed before resistance measurement, ground both sides of the DUT to discharge any residual charge after voltage withstanding testing. Then, after the discharging, measure resistance.
Ground measurement terminals when not measuring resistance
DUT
Discharge residual charge
Voltage
Withstanding
Tester
All high withstanding relays
Combination with Voltage Withstanding Tester
189
Appendix 8 Unstable Measurement Values
Appendix 8 Unstable Measurement Values
If the measurement value is unstable, verify the following.
(1)Effect of Noise from Power Supply Lines
Noise from power supply lines arises from commercial power, and not only from power lines or outlets, but also as radiated emissions from fluorescent lights and home appliances. The frequency of the noise from power supply lines depends on the commercial supplied power frequency, and is typically 50 or 60Hz.
To minimize the affects of this noise from power supply lines, measurements are generally timed to occur at an integer multiple of the supplied power period.
Noise from Power Supply Lines
Combined with Measurement Signal
Integration Period
Ideal Measurement Signal
(DC)
Figure 1. Effect of Noise from Power Supply Lines
Model 3541 offers four sampling rates: FAST, MEDIUM, SLOW1 and
SLOW2. With the FAST setting, measurements are not synchronized with the supplied power period.
When the FAST setting is used with high-resistance or low-power measurement functions, measured values may be unstable.
In such cases, use the MEDIUM, SLOW1 or SLOW2 settings, or apply appropriate noise countermeasures.
For high-resistance measurements, noise ingress can be adequately suppressed by shielding at the potential of Source-L (Fig. 2). For lowpower measurement function, in addition to shielding at Source-L potential, twisting the main test leads together may be effective (Fig. 3).
Metal
Cover
Twisted
Figure. 2
For High-Resistance Measurements
Figure. 3
For Low-Power Resistance
Measurements
If using the factory-default 60Hz supplied power frequency setting in a region using 50Hz supplied power, measurement values are unstable even with MEDIUM, SLOW1 and SLOW2 sampling rates. Verify the supplied power frequency setting of Model 3541 before use.
190
Appendix 8 Unstable Measurement Values
(2)Using Low-Power Measurement Functions
The current used for low-power measurement function is as little as onetenth that used for normal resistance measurements, so susceptibility to electrical noise ingress and Thermal-EMFs is ten times greater.
Measurement should be conducted as far as possible from devices emitting electric or magnetic fields such as power cords, fluorescent lights, solenoid valves and PC displays. If electrical noise ingress is a problem, prepare the measurement leads as shown in Figs. 2 and 3.
If Thermal-EMFs is a problem, use the 3541
’ s OVC function.
If OVC cannot be used for reasons such as tact time limitations, use a low-Thermal-EMFs material such as copper for wiring, and protect against airflow on connecting parts (test object or connectors).
(3)Multi-Point Contacts with Clip Leads
The ideal conditions for four-terminal measurements are shown in Fig. 4: current flows from the far probe and voltage is detected with uniform current distribution.To facilitate measurement, the tips of the Model
9287-10 Clip Type Lead are jagged.
When a clip is opened as shown in
Fig. 5, measurement current flows from multiple points, and voltage is detected at multiple points. In such cases, the measurement value varies according to the total contact area.
Additionally, as shown in Fig. 6, when measuring the resistance of a 100mm length of wire, the length between the nearest edges of the clips is 100mm, but the length between the farthest edges of the clips is 110mm, so the actual measurement length (and value) has an uncertainty of 10mm
(10%).
If measured values are unstable for this reason, use Model 9453 Four
Terminal Lead or Model 9455 Pin
Type Lead to measure with point contacts.
DUT
DUT
Sense(Voltage Detection)
Figure. 4
Ideal Four-Terminal Method
Sense(Current Source)
Sense(Voltage Detection)
Figure. 5 Measurement with Model 9287-10
Figure. 6 Measurement with Model 9287-10
(4)Wider/Thicker DUTs
If the DUT has a certain width or thickness like boards or blocks, it will be difficult to measure accurately using Pin Type Leads or Clip Type
Leads. By using such measurement probes, there may be considerable fluctuation of the measured value due to contact pressure or contact angle. For example, when measuring a W300 x L370 x t0.4
mm metal board, the measured values are fairly different, even if measuring the same points, as shown below:
•0.2mm pitch Pin type lead: 1.1
m
Ω
•0.5mm pitch Pin type lead: 0.92 to 0.97
m
Ω
•9287-10 Clip Type Lead: 0.85 to 0.95
m
Ω
191
Appendix 8 Unstable Measurement Values
This does not depend on the contact resistance between probes and the DUT, but on the current distribution on the DUT. Fig. 7 is an example of plotting equivalent electric potential lines of a metal board.
Similar to the relation between atmospheric pressure distribution and wind on a weather forecast diagram, current density is higher in locations where the equivalent electric potential lines are narrowly spaced, and lower in locations where they are widely spaced.
On the other hand, when the interval of equivalent electric potential lines is wide, there is less current density. Through this example, it is shown that the electric potential slope is larger around current applying points. This phenomenon is caused by high current density while current expands on the metal board. Due to this phenomenon, measured values should be fairly different, even if the connected position difference is quite slight, in case connecting voltage detection terminals (of measurement probes) near current applying points.
Current
Applying
Current
Applying
Figure. 7 Current Distribution on a Metal Board (W300 x L370 x t0.4mm)
(Applying 1A current on points on edges and plotting equivalent electric
potential lines at each 50microV level)
To avoid the effects of this phenomenon, Model 9453 Four Terminal
Lead is the recommended probe to be used for detecting the voltage inside of current applying points.
Generally, if the distance between the voltage detection points (Sense-
H, Sense-L terminals) and their corresponding current application points
(Source-H, Source-L terminals) is greater than the width (W) or thickness (t) of the DUT, current distribution may be considered uniform.
As shown in Fig. 8, sense leads should be W or t mm or more inside from the Source leads.
Source-H Sense-H Sense-L Source-L
More than W, t More than W, t
Figure. 8 Plobe Positions on Wider/Thicker DUT
192
Appendix 8 Unstable Measurement Values
(5)Unstable Temperature of the DUT
Copper wire has a temperature coefficient of about 0.4%/
°
C. Just holding a copper wire in the hand raises its temperature, causing its resistance to be increased as well. When the hand is removed from the wire, temperature and resistance decrease.
Varnished windings are more susceptible to temperature increase, so the resistance tends to be relatively high.
If the temperatures of a DUT and probe are different, the Thermal-
EMFs generated can cause a measurement error.
To avoid such errors, allow the temperature of the DUT to stabilize at ambient temperature. If the tact time is limited, HIOKI Model 3444/3445
Temperature HiTESTER (Infrared type) can be used to measure the surface temperature of DUTs, so that the measured resistance value can be converted to its equivalent resistance at a reference temperature.
(6)DUT Becomes Warm
In order for the 3541 to support the following standards:
• JIS C5441 Testing Method of Switches for Electrical Devices
• JIS C5402 Testing Method of Connectors for Electrical Devices
• JIS C8306 Testing Method of Wiring Tools, measurement current for the 20m
Ω
and 200m
Ω
ranges is set to 1A.
Because of that, 200mW of power (200m
Ω
x 1A x 1A) has to be dissipated by a DUT that measures 200m
Ω
, which is enough to warm up a DUT which has small heat capacity, resulting in its resistance changing.Users who measure small heat capacity DUTs and are not concerned with JIS standards may select the 2
Ω
or LP-
Ω
range.
(7) Unstable Ambient Temperature
When using the Temperature Compensation function, measurement values may be scattered if the ambient temperature is unstable.
When the temperature coefficient is set to 4000ppm/
°
C and the temperature changes by 0.1
°
C, measured values change by 400ppm
(0.04%).
(8) Ingress of External Noise
Measurement should be conducted as far as possible from devices emitting electric or magnetic fields such as power cords, fluorescent lights, solenoid valves and PC displays.
If external noise ingress is a problem, prepare the measurement leads as shown in Fig. 9.
3541
Twisted Metal Cover
Figure9. Wiring to Minimize Noise Ingress
(9)Measuring Transformers and Motors
If noise enters an unconnected terminal of a transformer or if motor rotor moves, measurements may be unstable due to induced voltage on the measured winding.
Pay attention to the treatment of unconnected terminals on transformers or to motor vibration.
193
Appendix 8 Unstable Measurement Values
(10) Measuring Large Transformers or Motors
When measuring high-inductance (high-Q) DUTs such as large transformers or motors, measured values may be unstable.
The 3541 depends on constant current flow through the DUT, but producing constant current becomes impossible as inductance approaches infinity. To obtain stability in a constant-current source with a large inductance, response time is sacrificed. If you find that resistance values are scattered when measuring large transformers or motors, please consider the above or contact your local HIOKI distributor for further assistance.
(11) Non-Four-Terminal Measurements
The four-terminal method requires that four probes be connected to the DUT. By measuring as shown in Fig.10(a), the measured resistance includes that of the contacts between the probes and DUT.
Typical contact resistance is several milliohm with gold plating, and several tens of milliohm with nickel plating. With measurement values of several k
Ω
this would not seem to be a problem, but if a probe tip is oxidized or dirty, contact resistance on the order of a k
Ω
is not unusual.
To maximize the opportunity for proper measurements, emulate the four-terminal method as close as possible to the contact points of the
DUT. ( Fig.10(b))
3541
3541
(a) Two-Terminal Measurement (b) Four-Terminal Measurement
Figure 10. Four-Terminal Measurement and Two-Terminal Measurement
194
Appendix 9 Test Lead Options
Appendix 9 Test Lead Options
9452 CLIP TYPE LEAD 9453 FOUR TERMINAL LEAD
The probes have pincer-type tips.
Allows reliable four-terminal measurements even on test objects with small contacts such as relay terminals and connectors.
Bifurcation-to-probe length: approx. 200 mm
Plug-to-bifurcation length: approx. 800 mm
The SOURCE leads of this four-terminal lead set have covered alligator clips, and the SENSE leads have standard test probes. Use for measuring printed circuit board pattern resistance, and where SOURCE and SENSE leads need to be connected separately.
Bifurcation-to-probe length: approx. 300 mm
Plug-to-bifurcation length: approx. 800 mm
200 mm 800 mm 300 mm 800 mm
9455 PIN TYPE LEAD 9461 PIN TYPE LEAD
The probe tips have a four-terminal structure designed for checking for floating IC leads on printed circuit boards. Correct measurements are obtained even with very small test objects.
Bifurcation-to-probe length: approx. 250 mm
Plug-to-bifurcation length: approx. 400 mm
These probes are designed to be pressed on flat contact surfaces unsuitable for clipping, or for test objects with small contact areas such as relay terminals and connectors.
Bifurcation-to-probe length: approx. 250 mm
Plug-to-bifurcation length: approx. 400 mm
250 mm 400 mm 250 mm 400 mm
9467 LARGE CLIP TYPE LEAD
These leads are designed to attach to test object with large diameter contacts. Four-terminal measurements can be made just by clipping.
Bifurcation-to-probe length: approx. 250 mm
Plug-to-bifurcation length: approx. 850 mm
Maximum clip diameter: approx. 29 mm
250 mm 850 mm
195
Appendix 9 Test Lead Options
9454 ZERO ADJUSTMENT BOARD 9300 CONNECTION CABLE
The Zero-Adjust board is used to provide zeroadjustment when using the 9461 PIN TYPE LEAD and 9465 PIN TYPE LEAD. This board has a 2-layer structure consisting of a printed board and steel plate, so the pin-type leads can be shorted together only by pressing the pin tips into the specified contact holes.
This board is not used for the 9465 PIN TYPE LEAD.
Dimensions: 214W x 24H x 8D mm
This is a low-noise cable for use with INPUT B.
This minimizes noise pick-up during high-resistance or lowpower measurements
Cable length: 1.5 m
196
Appendix 10 Rack Mounting
Appendix 10Rack Mounting
By removing the screws on the sides, this instrument can be installed in a rack mounting plate.
Observe the following precautions regarding the mounting screws to avoid instrument damage and electric shock accidents.
• When installing the Rack Mounting Plate, the screws must not intrude more than 3.5 mm into either side of the instrument.
• When removing the Rack Mounting Plate to return the instrument to stand-alone use, replace the same screws that were installed originally. (Feet: M3 x 6 mm, Sides: M4 x 6 mm)
Rack Mounting Plate Template Diagram and Installation Procedure
Rack Mounting Plate (JIS)
Rack Mounting Plate (EIA)
Spacer (Two Required)
M3 x 6 mm
Appendix 10 Rack Mounting
197
1.
Remove the feed from the bottom of the instrument, and the screws from the sides (four near the front).
M4 x 6 mm
M4 x 10 mm
Rack Mounting Plate
2.
Installing the spacers on both sides of the instrument, affix the Rack Mounting
Plate with the M4 x 10 mm screws.
Spacers
When installing into the rack, reinforce the installation with a commercially available support stand.
198
Appendix 11 Dimensional Diagram
Appendix 11Dimensional Diagram
Appendix 12 Calibration
199
Appendix 12 Calibration
(1) Calibration equipment
Please use the following for calibration equipment.
Resistance measurement equipment
FLUKE 5700 A (10 or greater)
Alpha Electronics MSR-19 m
Ω
Alpha Electronics MSR-190 m
Ω
Alpha Electronics CSR-1.9
Ω
Temperature (Pt) measurement equipment
YOKOGAWA 2793-01
Analog input testing equipment
FLUKE 5700A, or ADVANTEST R4142
If the FLUKE 5700A cannot be used, please use the following equipment.
However, calibration will not be possible in the 10 M range and 100 M range.
Alpha Electronics CSR-19
Ω
Alpha Electronics CSR-190
Ω
Alpha Electronics CSR-1.9
Ω
Alpha Electronics CSR-19 k
Ω
Alpha Electronics CSR-19 k
Ω
Alpha Electronics CSR-104
Alpha Electronics CSR-105
(2) When using the YOKOGAWA 2792 to calibration, use the separately sold 9453 FOUR-TERMINAL LEAD from Hioki. Note that connection cannot be made with the 9287-10 CLIP TYPE
LEAD.
OK
9453 9287-10
200
Appendix 12 Calibration
Index
Index
i
Symbols
.....................................................64, 70, 128
Numerics
.............................................................41, 83
9287-10 CLIP TYPE LEAD .................................19
9300 CONNECTION CABLE ..............................20
9451 TEMPERATURE PROBE ..........................21
9452 CLIP TYPE LEAD ....................................194
9453 FOUR TERMINAL LEAD .........................194
9454 ZERO ADJUSTMENT BOARD ................195
9455 PIN TYPE LEAD ......................................194
9461 PIN TYPE LEAD ......................................194
9467 LARGE CLIP TYPE LEAD .......................194
9670 PRINTER ...................................................93
A
Accessories
...........................................................1
Accuracy .......................................................172, 3
Analog Output Thermometer
..............................22
ASynC
.................................................................86
Auto Delay ..........................................................72
Auto Delay ......................................................72
Auto-Ranging
......................................................38
Averaging ............................................................57
B
Backup
..................................................................8
...............................................19, 28
BCD ....................................................................84
Beeper ................................................................45
BIN
................................................................51, 84
BIN Measurement
Decision result ................................................55
Lower threshold
..............................................52
Reference value
..............................................55
Tolerance ........................................................55
Upper threshold
..............................................52
BIN/BCD Selection ..............................................86
C
CAL .....................................................................84
Circuit Protection Fuse ..........................................7
Cleaning ............................................................176
C-MOS ............................................................... 91
Command
List
............................................................... 118
Command Message
......................................... 106
Communications Protocol ................................ 105
Communications
Initialization Items
......................................... 117
Comparator
........................................................ 45
Decision result
................................................ 47
Lower threshold .............................................. 46
Upper threshold .............................................. 46
Comparison method
..................................... 46, 52
Confirming .......................................................... 65
Continuous Measurement ................................ 147
D
Damage ............................................................ 175
Data Formats ................................................... 109
Default Settings .................................................. 78
Device clear ..................................................... 111
Device-Specific Commands
..................... 119, 129
Dimensions
.............................................. 171, 198
Display
......................................................... 11, 12
E
EOC ................................................................... 84
ERR .................................................................... 84
ERR Output Selection ........................................ 86
Err02 .................................................................. 41
Error Display .................................................... 176
Event Status Register
Device-Specific
............................................ 115
Standard ...................................................... 114
EXT I/O Connector ............................................. 14
External Control
Internal Circuitry
............................................. 91
Mating Connector
........................................... 82
Pinout ............................................................. 82
External Control Terminals ................................. 91
Photocoupler Connection
............................... 91
Relay Connection
........................................... 91
Switch Connection
......................................... 91
External Output Terminals
................................. 92
Inverse-Logic Output Connection
LED Connection
............................................. 92
Photocoupler Connection
............................... 92
Relay Connection
........................................... 92
ii
Index
F
Factory Shipping
................................................ 78
Fixed-point data
............................................... 109
Floating-point exponential representation data 109
Four-terminal method
....................................... 179
Free-Run
.............................................. 71, 88, 147
Fuse
................................................................. 175
G
GP-IB ............................................................... 101
Address setting
............................................ 105
............................................... 14, 104
Message Terminator
.................................... 105
Specifications
............................................... 102
Grounding ............................................................ 6
I
H
Headers
.................................................... 106, 107
Omission
...................................................... 110
Hi ........................................................................ 84
............................................... 101, 109
IN ........................................................................ 84
INDEX ................................................................ 84
Inductive loads ................................................... 28
Initial Temperature ............................................. 61
................................................. 11, 19, 28
....................................................... 19, 28
INPUT B Socket
................................................. 11
Input buffer ....................................................... 111
Input Signals
...................................................... 83
Input Terminals
.................................................. 11
Inspection
......................................................... 175
Integer data ...................................................... 109
Interface
..................................................... 98, 101
Printer ............................................................. 98
Setting
.......................................................... 105
Internal Circuitry
................................................. 91
Internal power output ......................................... 91
K
Key Beeper
........................................................ 69
Key-Lock
............................................................ 69
L
Inductance
............................................................ 8
Lo
....................................................................... 84
........................................................... 76, 83
Load
................................................................... 38
Local Function
.................................................. 117
Low Power Measurement
......................... 7, 19, 38
M
Main Display
....................................................... 11
Making your own cable ....................................... 19
Manual Delay
..................................................... 72
Mean
.................................................................. 62
...................................... 43, 84
Measurement Flow
........................................... 148
Measurement Range .......................................... 38
Measurement State
Load ............................................................... 76
Save ............................................................... 75
Measurement Value Formats ........................... 151
Message Terminator ........................................ 108
Multipolar Socket
.......................................... 19, 28
N
NR1
.................................................................. 109
NR2
.................................................................. 109
NR3
.................................................................. 109
NRf
................................................................... 109
O
Offset Voltage Compensation
............................ 66
Open collector
.................................................... 91
Operating Environment ........................................ 5
Operating Key
.............................................. 11, 13
Operating temperature and humidity
Options
................................................................. 1
Output Queue ................................................... 111
Output Signals .................................................... 84
OVC
.................................................................... 66
Overall standard deviation .................................. 62
P
Panel Load
......................................................... 76
Panel Save
......................................................... 75
Saved Items ................................................... 75
Parts Names
....................................................... 11
Period of guaranteed accuracy ........................ 171
POWER
.............................................................. 24
Power
................................................................... 6
turn off
............................................................ 25
Power Cord ........................................................ 18
................................................... 14, 18
POWER Switch
.................................................. 11
Precaution
Shipping precautions ........................................ 1
..................................................... 65, 83, 99
Printer ................................................................. 93
Battery Pack
................................................... 97
Connection
......................................................94
Printing
............................................................99
Recording Paper .............................................96
Process capability indices
bias .................................................................62
dispersion ........................................................62
Q
...............................................101, 111
Query Message
.................................................106
R
Radiation Thermometer ......................................34
Rated supply voltage
........................................171
Reference Temperature ......................................58
Reference value ..................................................49
Relative value .....................................................49
Repair ...............................................................175
Reset ...................................................................77
Resistance Measurement
...................................29
Response time
....................................................28
RS-232C ...........................................................101
Connector
...............................................14, 103
Specifications ................................................102
S
Sample Programs
.............................................156
Sampling Rate ....................................................42
Selecting Functions
.............................................37
.............................................68, 84
Auto
.................................................................68
Manual
............................................................68
SENSE
..........................................................19, 20
Separators ........................................................108
.......................................................19, 20
Standard Commands
................................118, 125
Standard deviation of sample .............................62
Statistical Calculation ..........................................62
OFF
.................................................................63
ON ...................................................................63
Statistical Calculation Results
Auto Clearing After Printing ............................64
Clearing
...........................................................63
.................................................................65
Status Byte Register
.........................................112
Storage temperature and humidity
Sub Display
.........................................................11
Supply Frequency
...............................................26
SynC ...................................................................86
T
TC
.......................................................................58
TC SENSOR Jack .....................................8, 14, 21
iii
Index
TC/
Δ t
................................................................. 58
Temperature and humidity range for guaranteed accuracy
........................................................... 171
Temperature Coefficient ..................................... 58
........................... 60, 182
Temperature Correction
......................... 8, 58, 180
Temperature increase ........................................ 60
Temperature Measurement
9451 TEMPERATURE PROBE
Analog Input
................................................... 34
RS-232C Interface
......................................... 35
Temperature Probe
........................................ 8, 21
Temperature Sensor
.......................................... 32, 35
.................. 28, 66, 183
Timing Chart ....................................................... 88
Tolerance ........................................................... 49
Transporting
..................................................... 175
................................................. 64, 70, 76, 83
Trigger Delay
................................................ 67, 72
Trigger Source
................................................. 147
Triggering System ............................................ 147
Turning ............................................................... 24
V
Valid Functions ................................................... 79
W
Warm-up .............................................................. 8
Z
Zero Adjustment
........................................... 40, 83
iv
Index
HIOKI 3541 RESISTANCE HiTESTER
Instruction Manual
Publication date: January 2007 Revised edition 7
Edited and published by HIOKI E.E. CORPORATION
Technical Support Section
All inquiries to International Sales and Marketing Department
81 Koizumi, Ueda, Nagano, 386-1192, Japan
TEL: +81-268-28-0562 / FAX: +81-268-28-0568
E-mail: [email protected]
URL http://www.hioki.co.jp/
Printed in Japan 3541A981-07
• All reasonable care has been taken in the production of this manual, but if you find any points which are unclear or in error, please contact your supplier or the International Sales and Marketing Department at HIOKI headquarters.
• In the interests of product development, the contents of this manual are subject to revision without prior notice.
• Unauthorized reproduction or copying of this manual is prohibited.
HEAD OFFICE
81 Koizumi, Ueda, Nagano 386-1192, Japan
TEL +81-268-28-0562 / FAX +81-268-28-0568
E-mail: [email protected] / URL http://www.hioki.co.jp/
HIOKI USA CORPORATION
6 Corporate Drive, Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA
TEL +1-609-409-9109 / FAX +1-609-409-9108
3541A981-07 07-01H
Printed on recycled paper
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