ASL F252 Precision Thermometer User Manual
Below you will find brief information for Precision Thermometer F252 F252. The F252 is a multi-channel precision thermometer, suitable for use in a wide variety of applications in laboratories, industrial settings and general commercial applications. The F252 is fast, accurate and offers a high level of flexibility. It can be used in conjunction with a wide range of PRT sensors, including Smart probes, and is expandable, using switchboxes, to an impressive 70 channels.
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F252 User Manual F252/F252 Precision Thermometer User Manual – Issue 1.3.2 This manual supersedes all previous versions – please keep for future reference Page i ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual Revision history: Original version 4th January 2010 Issue 1.0 Previous releases: (Provisional copy only for internal review) Issue and date Description of change Issue 1.1 3rd Feb 2010 Minor changes. Noted probe coefficients may need entering. Issue 1.2 6th Feb 2010 Added information on Copy Probe menu item. *I command information added. Calibration section - partial re-write. Warm-up time added. SB252 lead length specified. Fuse value amended. Issue 1.3 12th March 2010 S command updated. Issue 1.3.1 11th May 2010 Default IEEE address changed from 6 to 3 in NI console example Issue 1.3.2 25th May 2010 Note added for IEEE address setting. Software version number removed from first page. Note added to installation instructions about electrical interference. Page ii ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual Contents CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL .................................................................................................... VIII Structure of manual ..................................................................................................................................viii Terminology ................................................................................................................................................viii Warnings and Notices ..............................................................................................................................viii IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION .............................................................................................................IX IMPORTANT INSTALLATION INFORMATION .................................................................................................XI IMPORTANT PROBE SAFETY INFORMATION ................................................................................................XII IMPORTANT DISPOSAL INFORMATION ......................................................................................................XIII 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 15 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 15 Definitions and terminology ...................................................................................................... 16 Differences between F252 and F250 ....................................................................................... 16 Principles of measurement ........................................................................................................ 17 Temperature measurement ...................................................................................................... 17 Measurement units...................................................................................................................... 17 Security .......................................................................................................................................... 18 2.1 2.2 2.3 SETTING UP THE F252 ....................................................................................................................... 19 Safety information ....................................................................................................................... 19 Unpacking the instrument ......................................................................................................... 19 Getting started ............................................................................................................................ 20 2. 3. ABOUT THE F252 PRECISION BRIDGE ............................................................................................. 22 The front panel............................................................................................................................. 22 About the LCD display screen .................................................................................................. 23 LED indicator ................................................................................................................................ 23 Keypad .......................................................................................................................................... 23 Input connections ....................................................................................................................... 25 3.5.1 Passive and Smart Probes ................................................................................................ 25 3.5.2 Probe connections............................................................................................................ 26 3.5.3 2 Wire PRT............................................................................................................................ 27 3.5.4 4 Wire PRT............................................................................................................................ 27 3.5.5 4 Wire PRT with Smart Probe ............................................................................................. 27 3.5.6 Internal 100 check resistor ............................................................................................. 27 3.6 Rear panel .................................................................................................................................... 28 3.6.1 Name plate and serial number ....................................................................................... 28 3.6.2 Electrical rating plate ....................................................................................................... 28 3.6.3 Mains input ......................................................................................................................... 28 3.6.4 Expansion port ................................................................................................................... 28 3.6.5 USB Communication interface connector .................................................................... 29 3.6.6 RS232/LAN/IEEE 488 Communication options interface connector ........................... 29 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Page iii ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 4. OPERATING THE F252 ...................................................................................................................... 31 Instrument operating modes .................................................................................................... 31 Measurement mode .................................................................................................................. 31 Setting the instrument’s operating conditions ...................................................................... 33 4.3.1 Hold key .............................................................................................................................. 34 4.3.2 Zero key .............................................................................................................................. 34 4.3.3 Resolution ........................................................................................................................... 35 4.3.4 Display key ......................................................................................................................... 35 4.3.4.1 Normal display ............................................................................................................. 35 4.3.4.2 Full display..................................................................................................................... 35 4.3.4.3 Statistical display ......................................................................................................... 36 4.3.4.4 Graphical display........................................................................................................ 37 4.3.5 Channel soft-key ............................................................................................................... 37 4.3.6 Editor ................................................................................................................................... 38 4.4 Menu mode ................................................................................................................................. 39 4.4.1 Menu soft-key..................................................................................................................... 39 4.5 Selecting channels ..................................................................................................................... 42 4.5.1 Channel selection – method 1 ........................................................................................ 42 4.5.2 Channel selection – method 2 ........................................................................................ 43 4.5.3 Difference channel selection .......................................................................................... 44 4.5.4 Channel selection with SB252-8 and SB252-16 switchboxes ........................................ 46 4.5.4.1 Method A...................................................................................................................... 46 4.5.4.2 Method B ...................................................................................................................... 47 4.5.5 Channel and probes......................................................................................................... 50 4.5.6 Probe review and edit ...................................................................................................... 51 4.5.6.1 Probe menu.................................................................................................................. 51 4.5.6.2 Probe selection (individual)....................................................................................... 52 4.5.6.3 Probe groups menu (from group) ............................................................................ 52 4.5.7 Probe review and editing................................................................................................. 54 4.5.7.1 Conversion.................................................................................................................... 55 4.5.7.2 Review coeffs............................................................................................................... 56 4.5.7.3 Edit coeffs ..................................................................................................................... 56 4.5.7.4 Probe id......................................................................................................................... 57 4.5.7.5 Assign to chan (Unasgn from)................................................................................... 58 4.5.7.6 Set units ......................................................................................................................... 59 4.5.7.7 Set Probe Tmax ............................................................................................................ 59 4.5.7.8 Set Probe Tmin ............................................................................................................. 60 4.5.7.9 Copy probe.................................................................................................................. 61 4.5.8 Set group conversion ........................................................................................................ 61 4.6 Calibration.................................................................................................................................... 62 4.6.1 Calibration menu .............................................................................................................. 62 4.6.1.1 Calibration reference resistor ................................................................................... 63 4.6.1.2 Calibration method .................................................................................................... 64 4.6.1.3 Automatic instrument calibration ............................................................................ 66 4.6.2 Smart probe menu ............................................................................................................ 67 4.6.2.1 Reset defaults menu................................................................................................... 69 4.6.3 Utilities menu ...................................................................................................................... 69 4.6.4 Options menu .................................................................................................................... 72 4.6.4.1 Security.......................................................................................................................... 73 4.6.4.2 Buzzer enab… .............................................................................................................. 75 4.1 4.2 4.3 Page iv ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 4.6.4.3 Key buz enab…............................................................................................................ 75 4.6.4.4 Standby enab… .......................................................................................................... 75 4.6.4.5 Data separator ............................................................................................................ 76 4.6.4.6 Date format .................................................................................................................. 76 4.6.4.7 F252/F250 mode…....................................................................................................... 77 4.6.5 Comms menu .................................................................................................................... 78 4.6.5.1 Talk on and Talk off...................................................................................................... 78 4.6.5.2 View status .................................................................................................................... 78 4.6.5.3 RS232 and IEEE options ............................................................................................... 79 4.6.5.4 Time and date.............................................................................................................. 81 4.6.5.5 Contrast ......................................................................................................................... 82 4.6.5.6 Diagnostics.................................................................................................................... 83 5. 5.1 5.2 6. CALIBRATING THE F252................................................................................................................... 86 6.1 F252 reference calibration ........................................................................................................ 86 6.2 Equipment .................................................................................................................................... 86 6.3 Calibration procedure ............................................................................................................... 86 6.4 Full instrument calibration procedure ..................................................................................... 86 7. 7.1 8. INSTRUMENT MEASUREMENT RANGE ............................................................................................. 84 Instrument measurement working range ............................................................................... 84 Measurement ranges ................................................................................................................. 84 OBTAINING THE BEST FROM THE F252 BRIDGE .............................................................................. 88 Procedure ..................................................................................................................................... 88 COMMUNICATIONS - INTERFACE AND PC COMMANDS ............................................................ 90 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 90 Interfaces ...................................................................................................................................... 90 8.2.1 USB device driver............................................................................................................... 90 8.2.2 IEEE-488.2 interface (optional)......................................................................................... 91 8.2.3 RS232 interface (optional)................................................................................................ 93 8.2.4 LAN interface (optional)................................................................................................... 94 8.3 Instrument PC commands ......................................................................................................... 95 8.3.1 Remote mode (local lockout) ......................................................................................... 95 8.3.2 Commands and Syntax.................................................................................................... 95 8.3.3 A command....................................................................................................................... 96 8.3.4 C command ...................................................................................................................... 97 8.3.5 E command ....................................................................................................................... 97 8.3.6 ! command ........................................................................................................................ 97 8.3.7 *I command ....................................................................................................................... 97 8.3.8 F command........................................................................................................................ 97 8.3.9 H command....................................................................................................................... 98 8.3.10 Hn command................................................................................................................... 98 8.3.11 I command ...................................................................................................................... 98 8.3.12 L command...................................................................................................................... 98 8.3.13 M command .................................................................................................................... 99 8.3.14 N command................................................................................................................... 100 8.3.15 P command ................................................................................................................... 100 8.3.16 Q or ? command........................................................................................................... 100 8.3.17 R command ................................................................................................................... 101 8.1 8.2 Page v ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 8.3.18 8.3.19 8.3.20 8.3.21 8.3.22 9. S command.................................................................................................................... 101 T or D command............................................................................................................ 101 U command ................................................................................................................... 103 Z command.................................................................................................................... 103 Zn command ................................................................................................................. 103 ERROR CODES ............................................................................................................................... 105 10. OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES....................................................................................................... 106 10.1 Accessories................................................................................................................................. 106 11. SPECIFICATIONS............................................................................................................................ 108 11.1 Resistance thermometer measurement............................................................................... 108 11.2 Display ......................................................................................................................................... 109 11.3 Power supply.............................................................................................................................. 109 11.4 Environmental ............................................................................................................................ 109 11.5 Dimensions and weight ........................................................................................................... 109 12. CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE.................................................................................................. 111 12.1 Cleaning ..................................................................................................................................... 111 12.2 Maintenance ............................................................................................................................. 111 13. SERVICE AND WARRANTY............................................................................................................. 113 13.1 Technical Support ..................................................................................................................... 113 14. APPENDIX 1 – DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY........................................................................ 114 15. APPENDIX 2 – FIRMWARE UPDATE................................................................................................ 115 15.1 Firmware updates ..................................................................................................................... 115 15.2 Firmware update disclaimer ................................................................................................... 115 15.3 Firmware update procedure .................................................................................................. 115 16. APPENDIX 3 – CALLENDAR VAN DUSEN ...................................................................................... 117 16.1 Callendar van Dusen equation (CvD).................................................................................. 117 17. APPENDIX 4 - ITS-90 ...................................................................................................................... 118 17.1 International Temperature Scale (ITS-90) ............................................................................. 118 18. APPENDIX 5 - DIN STANDARD ...................................................................................................... 120 18.1 DIN 90 1980 (EN 60751)............................................................................................................. 120 18.2 DIN 43760 1980 (IEC 751).......................................................................................................... 120 19. APPENDIX 6– AC BRIDGE OPERATION......................................................................................... 121 19.1 AC Bridge basics ....................................................................................................................... 121 20. APPENDIX 7– REPORT EXAMPLES ................................................................................................. 123 20.1 Channel report .......................................................................................................................... 123 20.2 Assigned probes report ............................................................................................................ 124 20.3 All probes report ........................................................................................................................ 125 20.4 Instrument report....................................................................................................................... 126 20.5 Smart probe report ................................................................................................................... 127 Page vi ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual INDEX.......................................................................................................................................................... 128 Page vii ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual Conventions used in this manual Structure of manual The manual is divided into sections. Each section deals with a specific topic or related topics. Sections are displayed in a regular, bold typeface, for example - 1.0 Introduction. Sections are sub-divided into sub-headings, for example - 1.1 Features. These may also be subdivided. Terminology The terms F252 Bridge, AC Bridge, F252, bridge and instrument are used interchangeably in this manual. Menu selection is shown in shorthand form, for example – Menu 2 Calibration… Means Press the Menu soft-key, then move to, and select menu item 2 Calibration… and then the enter ( ) soft-key. Warnings and Notices These appear in the body of the text, clearly displayed with a box surrounding the text. The first word within the box displays the type - Warning or Note. A Warning (double box) is designed to draw attention to an aspect that may cause danger to the user or damage to the instrument. A Note (single box) is used to bring special attention to something important requiring action or avoidance. Copyright © 2010 ASL is a division of Hartest Precision Instruments Ltd. All rights reserved. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Reproduction or modification of the whole or any part of this document (in any form) without ASL’s written permission is forbidden (except for internal use by an authorised dealer or agent). Customers may make copies for internal use only. Whilst efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of information presented here, ASL can assume no responsibility for the accuracy of any information presented or the consequences of acting on this information. ASL also disclaims any representation that the contents are current. However, ASL would be grateful for any comments on the layout, accuracy or contents of this manual. ASL shall not be liable for problems or damages arising from the use (or misuse) of items, servicing, equipment, procedures or options supplied by other companies. ASL, 2 Gatton Business Park, Wells Place, Redhill , Surrey RH1 3LG, U.K. Tel (+44) (0) 1737 649300. Fax (+44) (0) 1737 649301. email [email protected] Page viii ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual Important safety information Read and understand the user instruction manual before attempting to use the instrument. The F252 is an AC bridge designed for measuring passive resistances. It must not be used for any other purpose. Warning The protection provided by the instrument may be impaired if the equipment is not used in the manner specified. Only replace items or components with an approved or equivalent spare part. All spare and consumable parts are available from ASL. Warning The instrument is NOT designed to be used in a potentially explosive atmosphere or medical environment. Warning Do NOT open the case. There are no user serviceable parts inside. Warning Inspect cables and probes regularly, ensuring that their insulation is not damaged. Warning The instrument and the internal lithium clock battery must be disposed of in accordance with local regulations. Page ix ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual General warning symbol. This indicates that a hazardous condition or general danger may exist. You must read the relevant sections in the User Manual before using the instrument. Refer to manual symbol. When you see this symbol on the instrument it means that there is more information relating to this in the User Manual. Page x ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual Important installation information Please ensure that the instrument is installed correctly. Do NOT use the instrument near water or in damp conditions Do NOT locate the instrument near a source of heat Do NOT insert objects into any ventilation openings Do NOT site the instrument in a draught or near an air-conditioning unit Do NOT site the instrument near any strong magnetic fields Do NOT place any weight on top of the instrument Locate the instrument on a suitable and secure surface Ensure air can freely circulate around the instrument Note As with all precision measurement instruments, best laboratory practice is required. External sources of electrical noise, such as motors, should not be allowed to cause excessive interference on the mains supply or on probe leads. The instrument uses a universal input voltage power supply. Use a plug to connect to the mains supply. If in doubt, consult a qualified electrician. The supply connections are shown below (if a UK cord set is fitted). Brown wire to Live (Line) - L Blue wire to Neutral - N Green and Yellow wire to Earth (Ground) - E Warning The instrument is designed to be connected to the mains supply via a plug and must be effectively earthed. Page xi ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual Important probe safety information Care must be taken with the probes used with the instrument. The following safety information must be observed. Do NOT attempt to lift the F252 by any of the leads Do ensure that long probe-leads and other leads are kept away from areas where people could trip over them or become tangled in them Do ensure the probe-leads and other leads are kept in good condition Warning Because of the nature of the instrument, probes can be excessively HOT or COLD during use. Take suitable precautionary measures when handling probes. Take care that you (and other people working in the same area) do not come into contact with the metallic probe or the insulating sheath near the probe, which will also be hot/cold. Precautions apply both during use or when moving the probe from one position to another. Warning Probes may be immersed in various chemicals during use. Some of these chemicals may be dangerous or harmful (even when the probe is cold). Always assume that the probe has been used this way and DO NOT touch the probe without suitable protective clothing. Warning DO NOT allow the probe to touch any external voltages such as MAINS power. Page xii ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual Important disposal information If you are responsible for disposal, then please note that this product may contain materials that are regulated in their disposal due to environmental considerations. The presence of these materials is consistent with global regulations applicable at the time this product was placed on the market. European Union This symbol means that the product to be disposed of should not be mixed with commercial or general household waste. Used products must be treated separately in accordance with legislation that requires the proper treatment, recovery and recycling of the product. If you wish to discard the product, then please contact your dealer, supplier or representative who will advise the correct procedure for disposal. Disposing of the product correctly will help to save valuable resources and prevent environmental damage. Outside the European Union The symbol only applies within the European Union. If you need to discard the product, then please contact your dealer, supplier or the local authorities and ask for the correct method of disposal. Batteries The F252 contains a replaceable lithium cell, held in a holder on the main PCB. This cell must be disposed of in accordance with local regulations Page xiii ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual This page is intentionally left blank Page xiv ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 1. Introduction 1.1 Overview The F252 Precision Thermometer is designed for laboratory, commercial and industrial temperature measurement and calibration applications. The performance and multichannel capabilities make it ideal for a wide range of applications. The F252 Bridge is based on AC technology and operates with all 4-wire Platinum Resistance Thermometers (PRTs)1. Features include – • Two, four or six channel operation2 • Immunity to most sources of errors present in DC Bridges • 0.5 second update rate (to full specification) • 4 mΩ accuracy, 0.1mΩ resolution (10mK accuracy and 1mK resolution) • Wide operational range including all 4-wire thermometers with R0 values of Pt100 (100 Ω), Pt25.5 (25.5 Ω) and Pt0.25 (0.25 Ω) • Graphical LCD for excellent viewing of results and instrument settings • Statistical, graphical and large display modes • User selectable units –- ratio, resistance or temperature display (Ω, °C, °F or K) • Internal (100 Ω) reference resistor • Smart probe compatibility • Expandable multi-channel input multiplexing (up to 64 additional channels) • USB communication interface as standard for automated monitoring and calibration applications • RS232 or IEEE 488 or LAN interface options • Automatic calibration against traceable external resistors • Power-on diagnostic check 1 Two wire PRTs may be used with reduced accuracy. 2 Two channels supplied on the F252 as standard, expandable to four or six . Page 15 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual The F252 is ASL’s first AC bridge with Smart probe capability. It is also the fastest commercially available bridge for its specifications. Overall system accuracy is better than ±4mΩ, (at 20°C ±5°C - see specification section), equivalent to a temperature measurement accuracy of ±10mK. Two measurement channels (A and B) are provided on the front of the instrument. The F252 may be expanded up to six channels with the addition of two more channels (C and D), or four more channels (C, D, E and F) on the rear of the instrument; differential mode operation is provided for these channels. A separate channel connection is supplied for the expansion switchboxes. Up to 64 channels may be added with the addition of external SB252 switchboxes. Two switchbox models are available – the SB252–8 and the SB252–16 (with 8 or 16 channels respectively). The switchboxes use an expansion connector on the rear of the instrument. Channels A, B (C, D, E and F) operate independently of the switchboxes. Unlike previous instruments, units may be set on a channel basis, so, for example, channel A may be set to °C and channel B to display ohms. 1.2 Definitions and terminology See appendix 1 1.3 Differences between F252 and F250 The F252 has many more features and options than the F250. The fundamental differences are – F252 and F250 – fundamental differences F252 F250 0.5 s update rate 3 s update rate 2 channels, expandable to 6 channels 2 channels only Instantaneous temperature conversion Temperature conversion table takes many seconds Switchbox uses a separate input Each switchbox uses one F250 channel Expandable to 70 channels 32 channels maximum Units definable per probe Global units only Passive and Smart probes Passive probes only Full Graphical display Limited numerical display Page 16 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 1.4 Principles of measurement See appendix 6 for a detailed description. 1.5 Temperature measurement When using PRTs, the relationship between resistance and temperature varies slightly from one PRT to another. Therefore, no matter how accurately the F252 measures the PRT resistance, if the relationship between resistance and temperature for a particular PRT is not known, accurate temperature measurement is not possible. The F252 uses PRT calibration data to overcome this problem and calculates the temperature from conversion functions using calibration data stored in internal non-volatile memory. This method enables the F252 to convert ratio to temperature, uniquely for each sensor used. It is very important, therefore, that a sensor is used with the probe’s coefficients correctly entered into the instrument. The F252 uses the standard DIN90 conversion method when specific probe calibration data has not been entered. Temperature conversion occurs in real-time. Note Always check that the coefficients are correctly set for the probe being used. Failure to do so, will almost certainly lead to incorrect measurements. System accuracy is a combination of the Bridge’s accuracy in measuring the probe’s resistance ratio and the calibration uncertainty placed on the reference resistor and PRTs by the calibrating laboratory. When calibrated PRTs are used with the F252, either with or without switchboxes, the calibration data can be entered via the keypad on the front panel, and is stored in internal memory. Stored PRT calibration data may also be reviewed. 1.6 Measurement units Units can be set on a per probe basis (probes are assigned to channels). When a new channel is selected, the F252 will check to see if a probe is assigned to that channel. If it is, the programmed probe’s units will be used (initially) - this does not prevent the units from Page 17 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual being changed later. This feature is useful when calibrating probes (if instrument units are selected for the probe, units will remain unchanged when it is used). 1.7 Security Security is important for data integrity and password protection helps to ensure that only authorised personnel can change calibration or system information. Three levels of protection are provided. Note All examples in the following sections (apart from the section on security) assume that no security mode is selected. Page 18 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 2. Setting up the F252 2.1 Safety information Please read the safety information section before operating the F252. 2.2 Unpacking the instrument When unpacking the F252 Bridge, check that the following items are present before using the instrument3 – • F252 precision thermometry bridge • Operator’s handbook on CD • Laminated A5 Reference guide • Test certificate • Mains lead • USB lead • Spare fuses Please contact the ASL Technical Services Group4 immediately if any of these items are missing or damaged. Please retain the packaging. In case of return, servicing or calibration, use the original packaging (failure to do so may invalidate the warranty and/or incur additional costs outside the warranty period). Please contact your agent, dealer or supplier when the original packaging is unavailable. To enable accurate resistance to temperature conversion to be carried out by the instrument, PRT characterisation data may be required. By default, the F252 operates with DIN90 temperature conversion. The instrument may also be set to use DIN68 or CvD or ITS90 conversion methods5. 3 Thermometer probes and other accessories (if ordered) will be supplied separately. 4 Details are located at the end of the manual (in the Technical support section). 5 Coefficients are fixed for DIN methods. Default values are used for CvD, but these can be changed. ITS90 coefficient data must be entered. Page 19 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual The conversion coefficients are fixed for DIN90 (also for CvD and DIN68), so no further data entry is required. However, if ITS90 is used as a conversion method, coefficient data will have to be entered using the simple coefficient editor. A probe’s conversion algorithm and its coefficients are stored in the instrument’s internal nonvolatile memory. Up to 72 probes may be individually defined6 Set-up details for the probes are covered later in the manual. 2.3 Getting started • Read the manual thoroughly before using the instrument • Unpack the instrument and allow to thermally stabilise before switching on (particularly if the instrument has been stored in a cold environment) • Connect a 100 ohm resistor (any type will do) to channel A (as described in section 3.5)7 • Connect the mains lead and switch on. After a short diagnostic check sequence, the F252 will start measuring the resistance8 • Change one setting at a time to familiarise yourself with each of the options. Start with the Unit key (below the Unit legend) at the bottom right of the LCD, changing to °C, °F, K and back to ohms – Chan • Hold Unit Press the Chan key under the bottom left of the LCD. The bottom row of the LCD will change to9 – Ch A • Ch B More Diff Press the Ch B key and the display will change to show channel B (indicated at the top left of the LCD). The bottom line of the LCD will revert to display – 6 The probe’s information also defines its units, which channel uses the probe and an optional probe identifier string. 7 If a probe or resistor is not available, use the internal check resistor by selecting channel 99. To do this, press the 9 key on the numerical keypad twice (99) and then press the enter key on the keypad. IntR will be displayed at the top left of the LCD. The internal check resistor will be deselected when the channel is changed to any other (or the F252 turned off). 8 As supplied, the F252 will be set for this measurement. 9 The More menu item will only be present if more than 2 channels are fitted. Page 20 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual Chan Hold Unit The open probe symbol will be displayed (no probe on channel B) – • Press the 1 key on the numeric keypad. The top left of the LCD will display a flashing Cn01, indicating channel 1 (A). Press the key (bottom right of the keypad). The F252 will return to channel A • Press the blue display key (underneath the 7 on the numerical keypad). The bottom line of the LCD will change to show – Full • Stats Graph n.nnn Press the n.nnn key to change the display resolution between 0 and 3 decimal places (0 and 4 for resistance). Reset to 3 decimal places • These steps cover most of the F250 functionality (apart from coefficient editing and security modes) • Press the Stats key to display statistics mode. The bottom line of the LCD will change to – Chan Clr Hold Unit (Clr resets the statistics values) • Press the blue display key again. The LCD will change to display – Num Graph n.nnn • Press the Graph key to display graphical mode • Press the blue display key again and then press Num key to return to numerical display mode • Finally, press the blue display key and then press Full key to display the result in large mode. Press the blue key and Norm to return to normal display mode. All other functions are accessed via the menu system (see section 4) Page 21 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 3. About the F252 Precision Bridge This section introduces the features and functions of the F252 Bridge. Each of the F252 Bridge’s features is explained in turn. Once the F252 has been set to your particular requirements, all commonly used functions are available using the minimum number of keystrokes. 3.1 The front panel The front panel is shown below with the various keys and connectors – Inputs LCD Status line ChA ITS90 A Pb09 °C Zero Numeric keypad 12:02:03 132•041 Chan B Soft keys (6) Hold Staus icons Esc Menu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Unit 0 Status LED Front panel The graphical display is positioned approximately in the centre off the instrument with the two input connectors to the left. The LED to the right is used to indicate status (and also that the bridge is in standby mode - when the graphical display is in low power mode). The various controls, connectors, displays and keys are described in detail in each of the following sections. The four keys under the display and the two keys to the right are ‘soft-keys’ - their function varies with the instrument operating mode (whenever these keys can be used, their current function will be displayed next to the key). Channel, probe and conversion information is shown on the top line of the LCD. The line underneath the result is used to display any relevant icons (LAN icon shown). Page 22 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 3.2 About the LCD display screen The graphic LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen presents measurement results, instrument status, the current soft-key legends and menus, to set and control the F252. The LCD screen is designed for anti-reflective-viewing under normal ambient lighting. The LCD contrast may be set via a menu option (its brightness is fixed). 3.3 LED indicator The LED, to the right of the LCD is used to show normal operation (green) and is lit whenever the bridge is in standby mode. In this mode, the LCD display is turned off, saving power and prolonging the display’s life; the remainder of the electronics is still powered normally during standby and the instrument will continue collecting data. The LED will flash orange when a fault condition is present (overload, , etc). It will flash green when an open-probe is seen. The LED will turn red if a serious problem is detected. 3.4 Keypad The instrument’s keys are grouped by type and consist of six soft-keys and a twelve-key numerical keypad. The soft-keys are used to access data and/or functions within the instrument. The F252 keypad is shown in detail below. The keys are used to select the various functions and menu options and to control the instrument. Generally, all commonly used functions are available at the top level and no more than one or two menu levels are required for other commonly used settings. A few (infrequently used options) require three or four menu levels. Operation is very simple and straightforward, once familiar with the instrument. It may help to have the instrument to hand when reading through these sections. Refer to section 5 for a detailed description of how to use the keys to operate the instrument. Page 23 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual ChA ITS90 Pb09 12:02:03 °C 132•041 Chan Zero Hold Esc Menu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Unit 0 Front panel detail The soft-keys are used to select common functions – Chan , Zero, Hold and Unit. The blue display key is used to select other display modes. All other settings and functions are accessed via the menu key. The numeric keypad is used to enter numerical values or to directly select a measurement channel10 or menu. Instrument functions keys Key symbol Chan Description Function Select Input Channel Displays the channel select options Zero (see note) Zero display measurement Toggles the display zero (null) function Hold (see note) Hold display measurement Toggles the display hold (measurement continues) Unit Select display units Rotates through the display-units (Ω, °C, °F or K) Esc Escape Returns without action. The LCD is redrawn Display F252 menu Used to select all other options and functions Menu Note Zero will not be available in resistance mode. Zero and Hold will be disabled when the units are changed. Hold takes precedence over Zero. 10 By typing a one or two digit channel number followed by the enter ( ) key on the numeric keypad. Page 24 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual Numeric keypad Key symbol Description Function 0 to 9 Numerical data entry Enter Enter data Used to select a measurement channel or after numerical data entry Disp Display mode Changes the LCD between the 4 display modes – normal, large, statistical and graphical Enters a numerical digit, selects a numeric menu or selects a channel Summary of front panel key functions 3.5 Input connections Two 5-pin DIN input sockets (channel A and channel B) are located on the front panel and up to four more sockets may be present on the back of the F252 (channels C, D, E and F). Up to four expansion switchboxes may be attached to the instrument via the rear expansion port connector. Each switchbox has an additional 8 (model SB252-8) or 16 channels (model SB252-16), enabling between 2 to 70 channels to be used by the F252. The selected input channel is interrogated before each measurement cycle, and when enabled, smart probes are identified by ‘Smart’ appearing at the top of the display. Open circuit thermometer input channels will display the open probe connector symbol shown below – Open probe symbol 3.5.1 Passive and Smart Probes All inputs accept Passive probes and/or Smart Probes. Passive probes do not contain any calibration information and the F252 must be set-up with conversion data for each passive probe used. Up to 72 sets of passive probe information can be stored and retained by the F252. Each available F252 measurement-channel can have Page 25 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual one of the stored probes attached to it - the instrument will automatically use the stored conversion data for this channel. Alternatively, Smart Probes can be used. These probes contain the calibration data within the probe connector and this data will be used to over-ride any internal F252 settings when a smart-probe is seen on an input channel. Each input channel can accept either a Smart probe or a Passive probe. Any combination of both types of probe can be use together. 3.5.2 Probe connections The inputs can be configured for 2-wire or 4-wire probes. Input connections are shown below – Passive PRT input (viewed from the front of the instrument) Shield SMP V+ V- 3 4 2 I+ 1 5 I- Pt100 PRT CONNECTION - 4 WIRE (5-pin DIN connector) viewed from top panel 4-Wire SMART probe PRT input connection (viewed from the front of the instrument) Page 26 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 3.5.3 2 Wire PRT Connect pin 1 to pin 2, pin 4 to pin 5, connect the 2-wire PRT between pin 2 and pin 4. 3.5.4 4 Wire PRT Connect PRT I+ lead to pin 1, V+ lead to pin 2, V- lead to pin 4 and I- lead to pin 5. 3.5.5 4 Wire PRT with Smart Probe Refer to document ASL-SMP-10-101 Smart Probe Conversion Kit. 3.5.6 Internal 100 check resistor The F252 contains an internal check resistor. Select channel 99 to use this resistor (IntR will displayed at the top left of the LCD). It is quite accurate, but not as temperature-stable11 as the internal reference resistor. The resistor will be deselected when the channel is changed or on power-on. It is not necessary to remove any external resistors when using the internal resistor. The resistor is checked at power-on to ensure the F252 is functioning correctly. Channel 99 only functions with resistance units. 11 Page 27 10ppm/°C ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 3.6 Rear panel The rear panel is shown below with the various items and connectors indicated – Fused, filtered, switched mains inlet Name/electrical rating plate RS232/LAN/IEEE option SB252 expansion port Optional inputs (2 or 4) E C F D USB port Rrear panel 3.6.1 Name plate and serial number The instrument’s serial number is shown here. 3.6.2 Electrical rating plate The instrument rating information on the rear panel shows the instrument’s input supply requirements, fuse value and maximum power consumption. 3.6.3 Mains input The mains input connector is situated on the left of the rear panel. It uses a standard IEC connector and lead (supplied). The input connector has a switch and is fused and filtered. The fuse is located within the body of the connector. Use only the specified fuse value and type. 3.6.4 Expansion port An expansion port connector is provided on the rear panel. The connector enables up to four SB252 switchboxes to be used to expand the number of input connections to provide up to 64 additional channels. Page 28 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual The connector is a (1:1) 15 way socket for signal, power and data connection to the SB252-8 or SB252-16 switchboxes. It is not compatible with any other connection. Note The 15 way expansion connector must only be used with SB252-8 or SB252-16 switchboxes. It is NOT compatible with SB148 & SB158 switchboxes. A 0.5m lead is supplied as standard. Longer lengths may be used, but system accuracy and the noise specification may be compromised. 3.6.5 USB Communication interface connector The USB connector is fitted as standard. Communication requires the installation of the USB driver on a PC12. See the separate information supplied on the CD and at the back of the manual. A standard USB cable is supplied with the instrument. The instrument can be controlled through simple ASCII commands and can transmit ASCII result-data, which may be recorded using a simple terminal program or using ASL’s ULOG program. The standard F250 command set is supported. See the section on communications for further details. 3.6.6 RS232/LAN/IEEE 488 Communication options interface connector The F252 may (optionally) be fitted with one of these interfaces. Operation is similar for all communication interfaces. See the chapter of communications for further details. The optional interface and USB connection may be used simultaneously. However, when sending commands to the F252, operation will depend on timing and may not provide the expected sequence of operation. 12 Page 29 Many PCs now have this driver installed as standard. ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual This page is intentionally left blank Page 30 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 4. Operating the F252 4.1 Instrument operating modes The instrument has two operating modes – • Measurement Mode - displays the reading and instrument status • Menu Mode - allows operating parameters to be viewed and changed 4.2 Measurement mode In Measurement Mode, the screen displays the current reading (its units - resistance or temperature); it also displays the current channel, assigned probe and the time of day. This is the normal operating display mode for the F252. The normal display will look similar to the one shown below – Channel Current value Icons Soft keys (6) Conversion method ChA ITS-90 Currently assigned probe Pb08 12:02:03 °C 130•421 Chan Zero Time Hold Esc Current units Menu Unit F252 display screen The currently selected channel is always shown at the top left of the display, followed by the temperature conversion method and the number of the probe currently attached to this channel. The unit’s symbol alternates (toggles on or off) every time a new reading is displayed. This display always reflects the operation of the instrument, showing the current reading and settings. There are four soft-keys under the display. Two more soft-keys are positioned to the Page 31 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual right of the display. The action of these keys is context sensitive – i.e. their action depends on the text next to them on the screen. In measurement mode, the display may be set to show – • the normal numeric display screen • the larger result screen • the statistical result screen • the graphical result screen Examples of each display are – ChA ITS-90 Smart 12:12:04 °C 130• 411 Zero Chan ChA ITS-90 Hold Esc Pb08 14:02:03 13 • 211 °C Unit 400.118 Ω Chan ChA Zero ITS-90 Hold Unit Pb08 18:33:41 Esc 0.523 Mn= 400.000 ; Mx= 400.119 Av= 400.058 ; σ = 0.01 n = 697 Chan - Menu Pb08 15:12:22 ITS-90 ChA Menu 0.477 Clr Hold Unit Chan Clr x1 Unit F252 display modes Use the blue key on the numeric key pad to select one of these display modes. The various operating modes are covered in more detail later on in this section. Note The Menu and Esc keys are still active when the Statistical, Graphical or Large mode screens are selected (the legends are overlaid to allow increased display area). Page 32 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 4.3 Setting the instrument’s operating conditions Commonly used function keys are available all the time in measurement mode. These keys are used to select the instrument’s operating mode. For example, press the Unit key and the display will change from – ChA ITS90 12:02:03 °C 132•041 Chan Pb09 Zero Hold Esc Menu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Unit 0 To the following – ChA ITS90 Pb09 12:02:03 °F 269•674 Chan Zero Hold Esc Menu Unit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Pressing the key once more will display the result in kelvin; pressing it again will change the display to ohms; one more press will return to the celcius display13. The following units are available – 13 The Unit soft-key is shown highlighted in this example. This indicates that the current units are not the same as the pre- programmed units of the attached Passive or Smart probe. This feature is only an indication - it has no other significance. Page 33 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual Unit Function Display ohms °C Convert to celcius and display °F Convert to farenheit and display K Convert to kelvin and display 4.3.1 Hold key Pressing the Hold key will change the display to – ChA ITS90 Pb09 12:02:03 °C 132•041 Chan Zero Hold Esc Menu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Unit 0 The reading is frozen (indicated by the highlighted Hold key). Note that Hold and Zero keys can be active simultaneously. 4.3.2 Zero key Pressing the Zero key will change the display to – ChA ITS90 Pb09 12:02:03 0•000 Chan Page 34 Zero Hold °C Esc Menu Unit ASL 2010 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual The reading is zeroed (indicated by the highlighted Zero key). Note that Hold and Zero keys can be active simultaneously. 4.3.3 Resolution Press the blue display key key. The bottom line of the LCD will change to display – Full Stats Graph n.nnn Press the n.nnn key to change the display resolution between 0 and 3 decimal places (0 and 4 decimal places for resistance). The following resolutions are available – Resolution Function n.nnnn Display four decimal places (resistance only) n.nnn Display three decimal places n.nn Display two decimal places n,n Display one decimal place n. Display no decimal places 4.3.4 Display key The display key is used to change display modes (between normal, large, statistical or graphic) and to change instrument resolution. 4.3.4.1 Normal display This is the normal display mode for the instrument. The blue display key is used to change display modes and to allow the result resolution to be set. 4.3.4.2 Full display Pressing the blue display key will change the display to show – Page 35 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual ChA ITS90 Pb09 12:02:03 °C 132•041 Full Stats Graph Esc Menu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 n.nnn 0 The Full key will select the large display mode (shown in section 4.2), returning to the measurement screen. Press the display key and select Norm to return to the normal display mode. 4.3.4.3 Statistical display Press the blue display key and then the Stats key and the display will be similar to – ChA ITS90 Pb09 12:02:03 400.118 Ω Mn= 400.000 ; Mx= 400.119 Av= 400.058 ; σ = 0.01 n = 697 Chan Clr Hold Unit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 The bottom line of the LCD is similar to the Norm screen, but the zero soft-key has been replaced by Clr. Pressing the Clr soft-key will ask for confirmation that you want to clear (reset) the statistics. Note that the Esc and Menu soft-keys are still active. Press the blue display key to select an alternative display mode. Page 36 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 4.3.4.4 Graphical display Press the blue display key and then the Graph key and the display will be similar to – ChA ITS90 Pb09 12:02:03 °C 0.523 Esc Menu 0.477 Chan Clr x1 Unit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 The bottom line of the LCD is similar to the Norm screen, but the zero soft-key has been replaced by Clr and the hold soft-key by the scale factor x1. Pressing the Clr soft-key will clear (reset) the graph. Pressing the x1 key will change scale, circulating through x1, x10, x100, and x0.1. Press the blue display key to select an alternative display mode. 4.3.5 Channel soft-key This is described in full detail in section 4.5. Page 37 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 4.3.6 Editor Several soft-keys are used during editing and data entry. An example of using the editor to change a coefficient is shown below – ChA ITS90 Smart 12:02:03 Esc Ap = to + 3.9080 3 Send commsx 10 - 03 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 +/- 0 A flashing cursor is positioned below the + sign when the screen first appears. The flashing cursor indicates the current edit position. The +/- soft-key is used to toggle (alternate) the sign. The +/- soft-key will only appear when the cursor is under a sign character. If pressed14, the cursor will automatically advance to the next position (or the soft-key can be used to move the cursor position one place to the right). Once moved the bottom line of the display will change to – The cursor position can also be moved to the left now. The +/- sign is no longer active. The editor deals with fixed length coefficients. The decimal place and x10 positions will be automatically skipped. When the cursor is at the end of the number (last exponent digit), the bottom line of the LCD will show – Once the coefficient has been correctly entered, press the enter key ( ) to selected the edited number or press the Esc key to return without changing the value. Strings (e.g. the Probe id field) are edited in a similar way. 14 Keys auto-repeat. Page 38 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 4.4 Menu mode The exact appearances of the menus depend on the options fitted to the F252. For example, if a RS232 interface is fitted, the communication and other relevant menus will change to reflect this; similarly, channel menu options reflect the number of additional channels fitted. All options are automatically detected, and so the menus will always reflect the exact configuration for your instrument. 4.4.1 Menu soft-key All other instrument parameters and options are accessed through the Menu soft-key. These menus may display additional sub-menus in turn. Pressing the Menu soft-key will change the display to menu mode – ChA ITS90 1 2 3 4 5 Pb09 12:02:03 Probes… Calibration… Smart probe… Utilities… Options… Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PgDn 0 Small arrow indicates that there are more menu items Pressing the down arrow ( ) will show the following – ChA ITS90 1 2 3 4 5 Pb09 12:02:03 Probes… Calibration… Smart probe… Utilities… Options… Esc PgUp Page 39 PgDn ASL 2010 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual The line selection arrow has moved down one line and the arrow, and PgUp legends have appeared. Use the up and down arrows ( and ) to scroll through the display. The PgUp and PgDn keys will move the menu select indicator by 5 lines (or as many as possible). Scroll the display to select the required menu (or alternatively, use the numeric keypad to directly select the menu by number). Press the enter key ( ) to selected the highlighted line or press the Esc key to return without changing the current selection. There are more menu items than can be shown on the screen at one time. The display will scroll up and down through the list allow the required menu to be selected15. For example pressing the PgDn soft-key will lead to the display – ChA ITS90 Pb09 12:02:03 5 Options… 6 Comms… 7 Time/Date… 8 Contrast 9 Diagnostics… Esc PgUp 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 The menu options are shown below16 – 15 16 A small down arrow will be shown at the bottom right of the menu screen when additional menu options are available. The three dots (…) after the legend indicate that there are more menu available for this item Page 40 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual Menu item Function Probes…… Enter probe information and coefficients Calibration…… Reference resistor and instrument calibration Smart probes…… View and edit smart probe parameters Utilities…… Utility menus Options…… Instrument options menu Comms…… Set and/or review communication options Time/Date…… Set time and/or Date Contrast… Set LCD contrast Diagnostics…… Instrument diagnostics menu (password protected) For example, selecting Probes… will show – ChA ITS90 1 2 3 4 5 Pb09 Probe number… Probe group 1 Probe group 2 Probe group 3 Set group conv… 12:02:03 Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PgDn 0 Note The instrument continues to measure normally during all menu displays and selection options. The graph is frozen. Page 41 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 4.5 Selecting channels The following sections cover channel selection with the basic instrument and also when one or more switchboxes are attached. The top left of the screen will always show the currently selected channel. There are two ways to select a new channel. 4.5.1 Channel selection – method 1 With the screen in measurement mode, use the numeric keypad to enter a one or two digit channel number and press the numeric keypad enter ( ) key. Channel A is selected by entering 1 (or 01), Channel B by entering 2 (or 02) and so on17 – Channel Channel number A B C (if fitted) D (if fitted) E (if fitted) F (if fitted) 1 2 3 4 5 6 A minus B B minus A A alternating with B A divided by B A minus X B minus Y 8 9 10 11 12 13 where X,Y = C, D, E or F Switchbox channels are selected by entering their channel numbers18 – Switchbox 1 2 3 4 SB252-16 channel number SB252-8 channel number 16 - 31 32 - 47 48 - 63 64 - 79 16 - 23 32 - 39 48 - 55 62 - 71 See the section on switchboxes for further details. 17 A flashing Cnxx will be shown at the top left of the screen when channel data is entered this way. 18 SB2522-16’s and SB252-8’s may be mixed in any order. However, for ease of use, it is advisable to provide consecutive addresses. Page 42 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 4.5.2 Channel selection – method 2 Use the Chan soft-key. Press the Chan key. The display will change to – ChA ITS90 Pb09 12:02:03 °C 132•041 Ch A Ch B More Esc Menu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Diff 0 Channel A is currently selected (see top left of LCD). Press the Ch B soft-key to change to channel B; the display will change back to the previous screen. Note The More soft-key will only be displayed if more than two channels are fitted. Its use will be covered below. The More menu allows an alternative means of switchbox channel selection (see the switchbox section). When more than two channels are fitted, the exact appearance of the More display depends on the number of channels fitted. For example, if channels C and D are fitted, pressing the More soft-key will show – ChA ITS90 1 Sel chan C 2 Sel chan D Pb09 12:02:03 Esc PgDn Page 43 ASL 2010 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 4.5.3 Difference channel selection The Diff key is used to select the differential operating modes. Again, its exact appearance depends on the number of channels present – ChA ITS90 Pb09 1 Sel (A – B) 2 Sel (B – A) 12:02:03 Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PgDn 0 When more than 2 channels are fitted, the difference menu will look similar to – ChA ITS90 1 2 3 4 Sel Sel Sel Sel Pb09 (A – B) (B – A) (A – X) (B – Y) 12:02:03 Esc PgDn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Menu item 3 Sel (A – X) selects a difference reading between channel A and another F252 channel19. Similarly, menu item 4 Sel (B – Y) selects a difference reading between channel B and another F252 channel. For example selecting menu 3 Sel (A – X) will display the following – 19 Difference modes are not supported for switchbox channels. Page 44 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual ChA ITS90 Smart 12:02:03 Esc Ch an el = 02 3 Send toncomms 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Chan number 0 The screen allows entry of the X channel for the difference mode (the channels are referenced by their channel numbers). Use the numeric keypad and cursor keys to enter a two digit channel number for the difference calculation (see the section on editing numbers for more details on this). Note The difference can be calculated between any two valid F252 channels. An error message will be displayed if the channel is not available. Note Smart probes take time to read their stored information. The Smart probe ’read on channel change’ is disabled once a difference mode is selected. To change probes, select a single channel before reselecting a difference mode with Smart probes. Page 45 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 4.5.4 Channel selection with SB252-8 and SB252-16 switchboxes This section applies to instruments with one or more switchboxes. Switchboxes are detected at power-on and are daisy-chained20. Addresses are assigned in order, so the first switchbox connected to the F252 will start with the lowest address. The LED next to the connector will be illuminated when a switchbox channel is selected. Switchboxes need not be adjacent to the F252, connections of several meters are possible. Also, switchboxes may have several metres of cable interconnecting them. However, signal noise may increase when long cables are used. There are two ways of changing the current switchbox channel – • Method A – by using numerical keypad, as described previously • Method B – by using the Chan soft-key 4.5.4.1 Method A The first channel on the first switchbox starts at address 16; the first channel on the second switchbox starts at address 32 (and so on). Switchbox addresses are assigned in the order switchboxes are connected to the F252. Unused addresses will be ignored on 8 channel switchboxes. Addresses are – First switchbox – Channel Numerical address 1 16 2 17 - - 16 31 Channel Numerical address 1 2 16 32 33 -47 Second switchbox – 20 The first switchbox connects to the F252, a second to the first switchbox and so on. Page 46 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual Third switchbox – Channel Numerical address 1 48 2 49 - - 16 63 Channel Numerical address 1 64 2 65 - - 16 71 Fourth switchbox – 4.5.4.2 Method B Press the Chan soft-key and then the More soft-key. The display will change to21 – ChA ITS90 Pb09 1 Sel chan SB252 2 Internal channels 12:02:03 Esc PgDn Select the Sel chan SB252 menu option and press one of the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 enter keys. The display will change (depending on the number of switchboxes fitted) to – 21 Page 47 The exact appearance of the display will depend on which additional channels are fitted to the instrument ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual ChA ITS90 Pb09 12:02:03 1 SB252/16 (16 – 31) 2 SB252/16 (32 – 47) Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PgDn 0 Select the first menu 1 SB252/16 (16 – 31) with one of the enter keys, and the display will change to show the message Surveying. The F252 will take a few seconds to check the switchbox(es) for Smart probes. The screen will then show the layout of the switchbox – 12:02:03 SB16 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Esc 1 2 3 16 4 5 6 No probe assigned 7 8 9 24 Detail 0 In this example, the display has changed to show a graphical representation of the first 16 channel switchbox, arranged in the same physical layout as the switchbox itself. The square covering channel 16 is the currently addressed channel (shown at the top left of the display). Use the , and (up/down) soft-keys to move to the required switchbox channel and press the enter key ( ) to select it. Alternatively, press the Detail soft-key to view details for the current cursor channel (type of probe and coefficients). Note The circle ( ) will be replaced by a highlighted S, D, d, C or I (assigned probe type) if the channel has a probe assigned to it. The bottom line will show the attached probe number. For example – Page 48 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 12:02:03 SB25 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Esc 1 2 3 16 4 5 6 Assigned Pb = 21 7 8 9 24 D Detail 0 The probe possible symbols are listed in the table below – Symbol Conversion method S Smart probe D DIN90 d DIN68 C CvD I ITS90 Note Switchbox connections are determined dynamically by the instrument at power-on. The F252 menus will always change automatically to show the current connection configuration. Warning Do NOT plug or unplug switchboxes when the F252 is powered Page 49 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 4.5.5 Channel and probes The F252 needs to know what temperature conversion method (and coefficients) to use as different channels are selected. Note There is a fundamental difference between the F250 and F252. The F250 allowed coefficient data to be entered for a channel. Th e F252 is NOT the same. See below. The F252 allows the coefficient data (and units, etc) to be entered for one of 72 probes. The probe is then assigned to a particular channel. Once assigned to the channel, the data for that probe is used. This is a far more flexible system; probes may assigned or unassigned at will without other entered data being lost. When the channel is changed, the instrument will check to see if a probe number has been assigned to the new channel. If it has, it will use the conversion method set-up for he assigned probe. If no probe has been assigned, then the F252 will only display the probes resistance or use the default DIN90 conversion method to display temperature22. Note The instrument will always use valid smart-probe parameters to over-ride the assigned probe when a smart probe is detected on a channel. Any combination of Passive and Smart probes may be mixed on the F252 and switchboxes. Note When first supplied, for convenience only, Probe1 is attached to channel 1(A) and so on for all the internal channels fitted. Similarly, Probes 16 to 31 are attached to the first switchbox channels. Default DIN settings are used. 22 There is no need to enter the maximum/minimum temperatures for the F252. These are defined by the conversion method. The screen will display a warning if the temperatures are outside the valid conversion range –e.g. t > tmax Page 50 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 4.5.6 Probe review and edit Up to 72 probes may be defined and stored by the F252. Each probe number (1 to 72) can be entered or edited to define its conversion method, coefficients used, resistance and probe id string. Once defined, a probe may be assigned to a channel so that when this channel is selected, the probe’s data will be used. The probes are defined and reviewed using the menu system. For convenience, probes are divided into three groups. Each group has 24 probes - the grouping has no other significance. A probe id string (up to 10 characters long) may be given to each probe. Characters must be numeric when entered from the F252 editor. However, alpha-numeric data can be entered through a data link (e.g. USB) using the N command (see the communications section). The id string can be reviewed or edited (numerical characters only) on the F252. The string will be reproduced on a probe report. 4.5.6.1 Probe menu This menu is used to select and edit probes. Select the Probe menu Menu then the enter key ( ChA ITS90 1 2 3 4 5 1 Probes… (i.e. the Menu key, then Probes (default), ) and the screen will look like – Pb09 Probe number… Probe group 1 Probe group 2 Probe group 3 Set group conv… 12:02:03 Esc PgDn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 The first menu option allows a probe to be selected by number via the numeric keypad. The remainder of the menu options allow probes to be selected from a group. Three groups of 24 probes are selectable to make it easier to remember where any particular probe is. Finally, for convenience, all probes in a group may be set to have the same temperature conversion method (Set group conv… menu) Page 51 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 4.5.6.2 Probe selection (individual) Use the first menu (Probe number…) to select an individual probe for review/editing. The screen will be similar to – ChA ITS90 Smart 12:02:03 Esc Pro b n o = 16 3 Send toe comms Probe no? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 The last selected probe (16 in the example) will be shown. Press the enter key ( ) to select this probe, or change the number to the required probe and then press enter. This probe will be selected for review or editing. 4.5.6.3 Probe groups menu (from group) Select one of the probe groups and the next screen will show (second group selected in this example) – Pb08 12:02:03 ITS-90 ChA Pb01 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 I D D D D C D D 9 D d D D C D 17 D D D D D D d D D D Esc Detail The top left of the probe screen shows the cursor over probe 1 (Pb01). The editing (arrow) soft-keys are used to move the cursor to the desired probe number (current probe selection is indicated at the top left of the screen). The majority of the probes have not been defined and are currently set to the default of DIN90 (D). Page 52 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual The I character under the cursor indicates that this probe has been defined to use ITS90 as its conversion method (but not assigned to any particular channel). The reverse video background d (probe 16) indicates that this probe is in use – i.e. attached to a channel. Other letters indicate probe conversion methods (for example probe 10 is defined as a DIN68 probe). The codes are – Symbol Code Probe attached when reverse video D Probe defined as DIN90 d Probe defined as DIN68 C Probe defined as CvD Probe defined as ITS90 Information for any particular probe (once the cursor is over it) can be viewed using the Detail soft-key. For example, assuming the cursor has been moved to Pb16, pressing the Detail soft-key will show a screen similar to – Pb Assigned to Ch 16 16 Passiv e DIN68: Un it s R +100.0000 -5.80200-07 +3.90802-03 -4.27350-12 Back 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Press the Back soft-key to return to the previous screen. Once the cursor is over the required probe, press the enter key ( ) to select this probe number for review or editing. Page 53 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 4.5.7 Probe review and editing The probe menu screen is shown below. Each of the menu items on this screen will be covered in more detail. The currently selected probe number and conversion type is shown on the bottom right of the LCD. The exact appearance of this menu will depend on the conversion method. The coefficients cannot be changed for the DIN68 method, so the Edit coeffs menu is not available (normally follows View coeffs). ChA ITS90 1 2 3 4 5 Pb09 Conversion… Review coeffs Probe id…. Unassgn from Ch16 Set units 12:02:03 Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Pb 16 DIN68 6 Set probe Tmax 7 Set probe Tmin 8 Copy probe 0 The menu items (following the first five) are shown here A summary is shown in the tables below for fixed and editable coefficients– Probe menu example with fixed coefficients – DIN, CvD and DIN68 Menu item Description Notes 1 Conversion… Select conversion method DIN90, CvD, ITS90 or DIN68 2 Review coeffs View the coefficients For currently selected method View and/or edit the Probe id string Up to 10 characters Unassign from channel 16 DIN defaults restored Set the initial units Used on channel (probe) select 6 Set probe Tmax Set the probe upper temperature limit Default set to DIN limits 7 Set probe Tmin Set the probe lower temperature limit Default set to DIN limits 8 Copy probe Copy current probe settings to another Channel assignment unchanged 3 Probe id… 4 Unasgn from Ch16 5 Set units… Page 54 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual Probe menu example with variable coefficients – ITS90 Menu item Description Notes 1 Conversion… Select conversion method DIN90, CvD, ITS90 or DIN68 2 Review coeffs View the coefficients For currently selected method Edit the methods coefficients ITS90 only View and/or edit the Probe id string Up to 10 characters 3 Edit coeffs… 4 Probe id… 5 Assign to chan Currently unassigned 6 Set units… Set the initial units Used on channel (probe) select 8 Set probe Tmax Set the probe upper temperature limit Default set to DIN limits 9 Set probe Tmin Set the probe lower temperature limit Default set to DIN limits 10 Copy probe Copy current probe settings to another Channel assignment unchanged Each menu options is described below – 4.5.7.1 Conversion The following screen will be displayed once the Conversion menu is selected – ChA ITS90 1 2 3 4 Pb09 DIN90 CvD ITS-90 Din (IEC751) 12:02:03 Esc Pb 16 ITS90 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Use the editing arrows, or enter the menu number, to select the required conversion method. The exact appearance of the previous screen will depend on whether the coefficients can be changed. Note Selecting (or reselecting) a conversion method will reset the coefficients to their default values. Page 55 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 4.5.7.2 Review coeffs Shown below for the DIN90 method – ChA ITS90 1 2 3 4 R0 A90 B90 C90 Pb09 12:02:03 =+100.0000 =+3.90830-3 = -5.77500-7 = -4.18300-12 Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Pb 16 DIN90 0 4.5.7.3 Edit coeffs Shown below for the ITS-90 method – ChA ITS90 1 2 3 4 5 R0.01 Ap Bp Cp Dp Pb09 12:02:03 =+100.0000 =+3.90830-3 = -5.77500-7 = -4.18300-12 = -4.18300-12 Esc Pb 16 ITS90 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Note that there are more than five coefficients In this example. Select one of the coefficients (e.g. Ap) – Page 56 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual ChA ITS90 Smart 12:02:03 Esc Ap = to + 3.9080 3 Send commsx 10 - 03 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 +/- 0 Use the editor to change the value. The decimal place and x10 characters cannot be changed, See the section on editing for more detail. Use the enter key ( ) to accept the new coefficient or Esc key to leave it unchanged. Both keys return to the previous menu, allowing other coefficients to be edited. Note There is no range checking on coefficients – they may be changed to any value. 4.5.7.4 Probe id ChA ITS90 Smart 12:02:03 Esc Pb id to = comms ASL /123456 3 Send Probe id Page 57 ASL 2010 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual Use the editor to change the id (identifier) string. Up to 10 characters are available to use as a probe id. Strings are empty to start with. Use the enter key ( ) to accept the change or Esc key to leave it unchanged. Note The F252 editor can only use numerical characters to overwrite existing characters. However, other characters can be entered using a data interface and the N command. 4.5.7.5 Assign to chan (Unasgn from) Probes may be edited or set-up in any order. A probe’s set of values will not be used until it is assigned to a channel. Once assigned, the channel will use the programmed values every time that channel is selected. Note that if a probe is already assigned, then this menu will instead read Unasgn from Chxx where the currently assigned channel xx is indicated. Selecting the Assign to chan menu will show a screen similar to the following one – ChA ITS90 Smart 12:02:03 Esc Ch an el = 01 3 Send toncomms 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 As s i g n P b Use the editor to set the required channel and then use the enter key ( 0 ) to accept the value or the Esc key to leave it unchanged. Once a probe has been assigned to a channel, the menu will change to, for example, Unasgn from Ch01. Selecting this menu will unassign the probe. No warning message is given since probes are simple to assign. DIN defaults will be restored. Page 58 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 4.5.7.6 Set units Probes may have their units set. When the probe is assigned to a channel, these preprogrammed units are selected every time the channel is changed to the one with the assigned probe. Selecting this menu will display – ChA ITS90 1 2 3 4 5 Pb09 12:02:03 Instrument units Resistance celcius farenheit kelvin Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Pb 16 ????? 0 Indicating instrument units are currently set for probe 16 Instrument units are the default - when selected, the F252 will use the current units rather than changing to another on channel selection. The units can still be changed from the initial units using the Unit menu – there is no other significance to the setting. Select the required unit and then use the enter key ( ) to accept this or the Esc key to leave the current state unchanged. Finally, use the Esc soft-key to return to Measurement mode. 4.5.7.7 Set Probe Tmax Probes may have a maximum temperature set for them (positive or negative). When the probe is assigned to a channel, the probe’s temperature is checked against the set maximum and a range error issued if the maximum temperature is exceed. The temperature will still be displayed (it does not matter what the units are), but, if the buzzer is enabled, a short, repetitive beep will be heard and the over-range icon will flash on the line below the result and the panel LED will flash red. Selecting this menu will show a display similar to – Page 59 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual ChA ITS90 Smart 12:02:03 Esc T max +345.2 3 Send to =comms 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 +/- 0 The default conversion limit will be set the first time this display is shown (range checking is not active when Tmax is set to (or above) the limit. Set the required limit and then use the enter key ( ) to accept this or the Esc key to leave the current value unchanged. 4.5.7.8 Set Probe Tmin Probes may have a minimum temperature set for them (positive or negative). When the probe is assigned to a channel, the probe’s temperature is checked against the set minimum and a range error issued if the minimum temperature is exceed. The temperature will still be displayed (it does not matter what the units are), but, if the buzzer is enabled, a short, repetitive beep will be heard and the under-range icon will flash on the line below the result23 and the panel LED will flash red. Se the Set Probe Tmax menu since data entry is very similar. Note The Tmax and Tmin limits can be set with a small ‘window’ if a particular temperature needs to be monitored. 23 Note that the icons will only be displayed on the numerical display screen Page 60 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 4.5.7.9 Copy probe The details of one probe may be copied to another using this menu. Once selected, the screen will be similar to – ChA ITS90 Pb05 12:02:03 Esc Co p yto Pbcomms 01 t o = 00 3 Send 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Copy PB01 to 0 Enter the number of the probe you want to copy the current probe to and then use the enter key ( ) to copy the probe details or use the Esc key to exit without any changes. Note All details, except the channel assignment, are copied to the probe number selected. 4.5.8 Set group conversion For convenience, all probes in a group may be set to the same conversion method. This menu will prompt for the group number, then the conversion method (and then ask for confirmation). All probes in the group will be set to the use the default conversion coefficients for the method. The channel assignments, and probe id string are NOT changed. All other parameters (e.g. units) are copied from the first probe of the group. Page 61 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 4.6 Calibration It is vital to ensure the F252 is correctly calibrated to obtain the most accurate results. Good laboratory practice dictates that any instrument should be checked before and after a day’s measurements. Note Regularly check calibration. The F252 contains a very accurate and stable internal 100 reference resistor. The exact value of the resistor is found by comparing its ratio against a traceable, external 100 resistor. The results of the comparison are used to calculate the value of the internal resistor – i.e. it is calibrated24. Additionally, the F252 needs other points to ensure that the F252 linearity specification is met across its full range25. The user calibration values are – • 0 • 100 , and A four terminal zero-ohm resistor is required together with a traceable, calibrated resistor for the 100 ohm point26. The calibration procedure is simple and is partially automated. The procedure is described in the following sections. 4.6.1 Calibration menu From the measurement screen, select Menu 2 Calibration… The calibration menu is shown below – 24 It also contains another accurate 100 resistor for diagnostic purposes. The value of this resistor is stored when the instrument is built and used at start-up to check performance at a ratio of 1:1. 25 Yearly recalibration by the agent or supplier is recommended 26 Both available from ASL Page 62 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual ChA ITS90 1 2 3 4 Pb09 Calibrate Calibrate Set 100R Calibrate 12:02:03 0R 100R ref F252 Esc PgUp 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PgDn 0 The procedure is the same for both calibration points. To illustrate calibration, only one value will be covered. It is necessary to enter the true, calibrated value of the resistor used for the 100 ohm calibration point (0 is assumed to be 0 ). 4.6.1.1 Calibration reference resistor First, enter the calibration values for the 100 Menu item 3 has been selected (100 resistor from its calibration certificate27. reference resistor) to show the reference value setting – ChA ITS90 Smart 12:02:03 Esc Ref Rto= comms 099.99825 3 Send Ref value? 27 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 The values of the external, calibrated reference resistors must be accurate to at least 4 decimal places to ensure the F252 is calibrated correctly. Less accurate resistors may be used, but the instrument accuracy will suffer accordingly. Page 63 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual A spread of up to ±1 is allowed for the resistors. Use the editor to set the calibrated value and then use the enter key ( ) to accept this value or the Esc key to leave the current value unchanged. 4.6.1.2 Calibration method First, enter the calibration value for the 100 resistor from its calibration certificate (see previous section). Menu item 2 has been selected (100 calibration) to illustrate the procedure – 100R Calibration Add 100R ref to ChA Press enter when ready 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Flashing LED Note Allow at least 40 minutes with power applied before recalibration. Follow the on-screen instructions, noting that the relevant external resistor must be connected to channel A. Use the enter key ( ) to accept this step and move on, or press the Esc key twice to abort the procedure28. Using the enter key, the screen will change to – 28 Use the Esc soft-key to abort the procedure at any time. Page 64 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 100R Calibration Add 100R ref to ChA Press enter when ready Measuring. . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Flashing LED (slow) This will change to the following screen once the measurement check is complete – 100R Calibration Add 100R ref to ChA Press enter when ready Measuring . . . . . . . . . Averaging value. . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Flashing LED (slow) Once the external reference resistor value has been checked, its value will be averaged (note that the average measurement is performed twice). On completion, the screen will show – Page 65 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 100R Calibration Add 100R ref to ChA Press enter when ready Measuring . . . . . . . . . Averaging value. . . . . . . . . . . Value checked OK Enter key to accept 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Flashing LED (fast) Use the enter key ( ) to accept this value, or press the Esc key ignore the calibration measurement. The last line of the display will briefly show “Ref calibrated OK”. Complete all calibration values. 4.6.1.3 Automatic instrument calibration A SB252 switchbox is required with a set of calibrated resistors. Once started, the calibration sequence is fully automated. Instrument calibration should be carried out yearly by the supplier or agent. This menu item is password protected. Page 66 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 4.6.2 Smart probe menu From the measurement screen, select Menu 3 Smart probe… The Smart probe menu is shown below – ChB ITS90 1 2 3 4 Pb32 12:02:03 Disable Review probe Edit probe… Reset defaults Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PgDn 0 There are four menu items available. The first menu (1 Disable) disables all Smart probes. This is indicated on the main screen by a crossed-out s – ChA ITS90 Pb09 12:02:03 °C 132•041 Ch A Esc Menu $ Ch B More Diff 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Smart probes disabled Once disabled, the Smart probe menu will change to show just – 1 Enable SMPs Select this to re-enable Smart probes (once disabled, Smart probes must be re-enabled to use them again). Page 67 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual The 2 Review probe and 3 Edit probe… menus are very similar - the only difference is that the Smart probe values cannot be changed during 2 Review probe; for this reason, only edit menu will be covered. Enter Menu 3 Edit probe to see the following menu for the Smart probe connected to the current channel29 – ChA ITS90 1 2 3 4 5 Pb09 12:02:03 Lock.. Serial no… Cal date.. Next cal… Source Esc PgUp 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 PgDn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Coeffs… Convert type… Rmin Rmax Cal min… Cal max… Min ever…… Max ever… W ire type… Probe type… Version… Units… Reference R… Reserved Reserved A detailed description for the Smart probe in the F200 User’s manual (on the CD provided). Editing is similar to other menus. 29 A message showing No Smart probe Chnn will be briefly displayed if the current channel does not have a Smart probe. Page 68 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual There are two fields that need more explanation – 1 Serial no… The Smart probe serial number is normally 19 characters long. However, due to space limitation on the LCD, the F252 can only display 10 characters. Although only numerical values can be entered from the editor, alpha-numeric characters can be displayed and overwritten. The data comms N command can be used to enter any arbitrary string. 2 Source… The Smart probe serial number is normally 17 characters long. However, due to space limitation on the LCD, the F252 can only display 10 characters. Although only numerical values can be entered from the editor, alpha-numeric characters can be displayed and overwritten. The data comms N command can be used to enter any arbitrary string. 4.6.2.1 Reset defaults menu Use this menu to reset all the Smart probe data fields to their default values for the F252. Select the menu and respond to the Reset defaults? message. Note All data will be lost when the defaults are set - take care when using this menu option. 4.6.3 Utilities menu From the measurement screen, select Menu 4 Utilities… The Utilities menu is shown below – ChB ITS90 1 2 3 4 5 Pb32 Channels… Assigned Prbs… All probes… Instrument… Smart probe… 12:02:03 Esc PgDn Page 69 ASL 2010 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual The last menu item 5 Smart probe… will only be present if a Smart probe is connected to the currently selected channel. The Utilities menu is used to view information or send reports to a data port. The options are described below. Utilities item Description Notes 1 Channels… Send a channel report to a data port Report available channels 2 Assigned Prbs… Send a probe report to a data port Report assigned probes only 3 All probes… Send a probe report to a data port Report all 72 probes 4 Instrument… View or send instrument details to a data port 5 Smart probe… Send Smart probe report to a data port Only available when Smart probe connected Once one of these menus is selected, various options for the report destinations are displayed (the Instrument… menu is slightly different since the report can be viewed on the LCD). An example for the Channels… menu (when the RS232 option is fitted) is shown below – ChB ITS90 Pb32 1 Send to PC 2 Send to RS232 12:02:03 Esc PgDn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 The report can be sent to the PC (standard USB port) or the RS232 port. Select one of these destinations to send the report to. Typical examples of all reports are shown in appendix 7. Page 70 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual The Channel… report has to gather information about any Smart probes plugged in and takes a few seconds to this30. A Channel survey message is displayed whilst it collects information. The data are sent to the specified data port. This can take several seconds for a full Probe report. A progress bar is shown on the bottom line of the LCD while all the data are transmitted, for example – ChA ITS90 Smart 12:02:03 Esc Sen d ro b e d at a 3 Send topcomms 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 30 The exact time depends on the number of channels the F252 has. Page 71 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 4.6.4 Options menu From the measurement screen, select Menu 5 Options… The Options menu is shown below – ChA ITS90 1 2 3 4 5 Pb09 12:02:03 Security… Buzzer enab.. Key buz enab… Standby enab… Data separator… Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PgDn 0 6 Date format… 7 F252/F250 mode… The Options menu is used to set various instrumental options. Once set, the menu will rarely be referred to. The options are described below – Utilities item Description Notes 1 Security… Selects security mode menu Report available channels 2 Buzzer enab… Buzzer on or off menu Default on 3 Key buz enab… Key buzzer on or off menu Default on 4 Standby enab… LCD backlight standby menu Default on 5 Data separator… Data separator menu Data separator (comma default) 7 Date format… Date format menu dd/mm/yy or mm/dd/yy Date format (default dd/mm/yy) 7 F252/F250 mode… Data collection interval 0.5 s (default) or 3.0 s The Options menus are described in more detail in the following sections. Page 72 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 4.6.4.1 Security The menus and operation of the instrument may be limited by setting security modes. For example any security mode (apart from Security Off) will not allow F252 re-calibration). Higher security modes can be used to restrict access to various menus. Select Security… and the display will show – ChA ITS90 Smart 12:02:03 Esc Secu reto cocomms d e = 0000 3 Send 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Enter code 0 Enter the required security code – Security mode Security code Off 4300 Low 4301 Medium 4302 The three security modes are31 – 31 A Secured menu message may be displayed if an attempt is made to use a secured menu. Page 73 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual Off All menus and options are available Low All menus and options are available, except for the Calibration menu. Smart probes may be disabled or data may be viewed (but not changed). Medium As Low security; only the following menus are available – 1 Utilities 2 Options (security menu only) 3 Contrast The channel menus, Zero, Hold and Units options are not available. The bottom line of the LCD will display – Menus secured (Med) Page 74 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 4.6.4.2 Buzzer enab… The buzzer can be turned on or off. Selecting this will show the select menu – ChB ITS90 1 On ( 2 Off Pb32 ) 12:02:03 Esc PgDn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 The ( ) marker indicates that this is the current state of the buzzer option. Select the required state then use the enter key ( ) to accept this or the Esc key to leave the current state unchanged. 4.6.4.3 Key buz enab… The key buzzer (buzz on key press) can be turned on or off. This menu is very similar to the Buzz enab… (see above). 4.6.4.4 Standby enab… The F252 can be enabled to enter standby mode as a power-saving feature. When enabled, the instrument will turn the LCD backlight off after 30 minutes after the last key press32 (the LED will still be active). The instrument will still measure (and transmit) data, but the LCD backlight intensity is turned off to save power. Once the F252 is in standby mode, any key-press will turn on the LCB backlight back on33. This menu is very similar to the Buzz enab… (see above). 32 Or when receiving data from a comms link. 33 Data communications will not be affected by standby mode. Page 75 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 4.6.4.5 Data separator This menu selects the separator to be used between data elements when data are sent to a comms port. – ChB ITS90 Pb32 1 Comma seprtn ( 2 Tab seprtn 12:02:03 ) Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PgDn Select the separator then use the enter key ( 0 ) to accept this or the Esc key to leave the current separator unchanged. 4.6.4.6 Date format The F252 can display dates in the default format dd/mm/yy, or the alternative format mm/dd/yy. Selecting this menu will display – ChB ITS90 Pb32 1 dd/mm/yy ( 2 mm/dd/yy ) 12:02:03 Esc PgDn Select the date format and then use the enter key ( 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ) to accept this or the Esc key to leave the current format unchanged. Page 76 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 4.6.4.7 F252/F250 mode… By default, the instrument is set to collect data every 0.5 s; this may be changed to an interval of every 3 s (F250 default mode)34 using this menu – ChB ITS90 Pb32 1 F252 – 0.5s ( 2 F250 – 3.0 s 12:02:03 ) Esc PgDn Select the required mode then use the enter key ( 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ) to accept this or the Esc key to leave the current mode unchanged. 34 The six data points are averaged. Because of the superior noise performance of the F252, this is unlikely to give any real advantage, but might be useful in a noisy environment or when long cables are used. Page 77 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 4.6.5 Comms menu From the measurement screen, select Menu 6 Comms… The ( ) marker indicates that this is the currently set option. The Comms menu is shown below – ChA ITS90 1 2 3 4 Pb09 Talk on Talk off ( ) View status RS232 options… 12:02:03 Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PgDn 0 The exact appearance of this menu will depend on which comms options are fitted. 4.6.5.1 Talk on and Talk off The F252 can be set to transmit the result every time a new one is available (Talk on). Set the talk status as required. Note Talk on will changed to Talk off if the data comms interface detects any activity. 4.6.5.2 View status The comms status will be displayed on the screen when this menu item is selected. Page 78 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 4.6.5.3 RS232 and IEEE options This menu may or may not be present. The exact wording will depend on which (if any) comms options are fitted. There are no USB or LAN options. 1 RS232 options… The F252 default settings are the same as the F250’s – ChA ITS90 1 2 3 4 5 Pb09 12:02:03 Reset defaults Baud rate (19200) CTS/RTS (Off) Data length Stop bit Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PgDn 0 Current settings 6 Parity The RS232 options… menu is used to set various RS232 parameters. Once set, the menu will rarely be referred to. The options are described below – RS232 options Description Notes 1 Reset defaults Resets F252 defaults Immediately resets to F250 defaults 2 Baud rate (19200) Select baud rate 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 or 19200 (default) 3 CTS/RTS (On) Handshaking on or off Toggles On (default) or Off 4 Data length Data length 7 bits or 8 bits (default) 5 Stop bit Number of stop bits 1 bit or 2 bits (default) 6 Parity Parity None (default), Odd or Even Each RS232 option has its own menu. Page 79 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 2 IEEE options... The default IEEE address (IEEE = 3) may be changed by selecting this menu – ChA ITS90 Smart 12:02:03 Esc = 03 3 SendIEEE to comms 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ad d r e s s ? Use the editor to set the address and then the enter key ( 0 ) to accept the value (or the Esc key to leave the address unchanged). The default setting is 3. Any address in the range 0 to 31 may be used. Page 80 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 4.6.5.4 Time and date From the measurement screen, select Menu 8 Time/date… This menu sets the current time or date for the real-time clock35. The screen will show – ChB ITS90 Pb32 12:02:03 1 Set time 2 Set date Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Help Select the required menu format and use the enter key ( 0 ) to select this or the Esc key to return. Selecting 8 Set time will show – ChA ITS90 Smart 12:02:03 Esc T imeto=comms 12: 02: 00 3 Send 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Set time 0 Use the editor to set the time (the colon symbols will be skipped) and then use the enter key ( ) to accept the value (or the Esc key to leave the time unchanged). Date entry is similar. 35 The real-time clock uses a small, replaceable, internal lithium battery that will last for many years. Page 81 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 4.6.5.5 Contrast From the measurement screen, select Menu 8 Contrast The screen will change to show the LCD contrast adjustment screen – ChA ITS90 Smart 12:02:03 (60) Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Contrast Use the two and 0 soft-keys to adjust the LCD contrast to the desired level before returning to measurement mode by pressing the enter key (or ), or press the Esc key to exit without changing the current setting. Alternatively, type the required value on the numeric keypad. Note The screen will automatically revert to Measurement mode if no changes are made within 60 seconds. Page 82 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 4.6.5.6 Diagnostics Several diagnostics are available for the F252. Their use is specialised. Access is restricted and a password is required to use them. Page 83 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 5. Instrument Measurement Range 5.1 Instrument measurement working range The instrument can detect the following conditions Open Circuit Probe, Over Range measurement and Under Range measurement. These conditions are shown on the display as – Condition Display Open probe Over range R > Rmax Over temperature T > Tmax Under temperature T < Tmin 5.2 Measurement ranges Measurement units PRT Conversion Under range Over range Units Resistance None - 420 ohms Din90 -201 +851 °C (°F, K) CvD -201 +850 °C (°F, K) ITS90 -201 +962 °C (°F, K) Temperature Page 84 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual This page is intentionally left blank Page 85 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 6. Calibrating the F252 6.1 F252 reference calibration The F252 bridge measurement technique used is inherently very stable and linear. However a small drift of the internal reference resistor may occur with time, making periodic recalibration advisable. Check calibration daily before and after use with known, regularly-calibrated, reference resistors. 6.2 Equipment Temperature controlled environment at +20°C ±2°C. Stable, calibrated (0.1ppm) resistors (0 , 100 ). 6.3 Calibration procedure See the section on calibration for the full procedure. 6.4 Full instrument calibration procedure Special equipment is required for this. Refer to the supplier or agent for details. Page 86 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual This page is intentionally left blank Page 87 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 7. Obtaining the best from the F252 bridge 7.1 Procedure Please observe the following to obtain the best results from your instrument – Do ensure there are no draughts or forced air flow around the instrument (e.g. from an air conditioning unit). Allow at least 20 minutes for the instrument to fully stabilise, or longer if switching on from cold. Do keep the operating environment stable. Do ensure the sensor leads and input connectors are free from dirt as leakage current will affect the results. In common with best practice, use a known stable, calibrated resistor to take a measurement at the start and end of the day; log the results. Do NOT locate the instrument near a source of vibration, heat, or draughts. Do NOT locate the instrument near sources of electrical interference – e.g. electric motors. Page 88 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual This page is intentionally left blank Page 89 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 8. Communications - Interface and PC commands 8.1 Introduction The F252 is fitted with a USB communication interface as standard. The connected PC must have the correct USB driver installed to use the interface (see section 9.2). Alternatively, the F252 may be fitted with an RS232 or LAN or IEEE interface. The commands are buffered by the F252 (saved in order of arrival) so more than one command can be sent to the instrument without waiting for the previous one to complete. However, to prevent unpredictable results, it is normally easier to wait for the expected response before issuing the next one. When an additional interface is fitted, it is possible to use both simultaneously. However, unpredictable results may occur, depending on the exact timing and order of any input commands. 8.2 Interfaces The USB interface is fitted a standard. The (optional) IEEE or RS232 or LAN interfaces, while using a completely different means of transporting data, work in the same way as far as the command structure is concerned. The specific difference between the data-transport methods are covered in the sections below. 8.2.1 USB device driver The USB PC interface will normally be installed as a virtual COM port driver (simulated serial port). An interval of 1ms to 2 ms should be allowed between transmitted characters. The communication protocol is – Page 90 Bits per second 19200 Data bits 8 Stop bits 2 Parity none Flow control none ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual Use the menu system on the CD to load the device driver; alternatively, run the program CDM_Setup.exe from the directory D:\USB Drivers\ on the CD supplied with the instrument36. This will install the USB drivers. You will see the following message once this is complete. When writing a control program for the instrument, it may be easier to use the API commands provided by FTDI™. See their web-site for more details – http://www.ftdichip.com/ 8.2.2 IEEE-488.2 interface (optional) The IEEE-488.2 interface37 requires the instrument’s bus address to correspond to the address used by the controller (normally a PC). The IEEE interface uses an 8-bit data bus and software protocol to transfer data in parallel. Each instrument connected to the bus must have a unique address. This address may be changed at any time using the Comms menu. The F252 slave bus address has a default address of 3. The software driver for the IEEE interface will be supplied by the PC interface card’s vendor. A popular text based console program is supplied by National Instruments™ and an example of the use of this is shown below – Win32 Interactive Control Copyright 1996 National Instruments Corporation All rights reserved. 36 Replace the ‘D’ with the name of your CD device as necessary 37 Also known as a GPIB interface Page 91 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual Type 'help' for help or 'q' to quit. : ibdev enter board index: 0 enter primary address: 3 <<= Default for F252!!! enter secondary address: 0 enter timeout: 13 enter 'EOI on last byte' flag: 1 enter end-of-string mode/byte: 10 ud0: ibwrt “Q_” <<= <CR> required i.e. \x0D [0900] ( rqs cmpl ) <<= rqs also count: 11 ud0: ibrd enter byte count: 6 <<= line added unless you specify the <<= number of byte top read it requests [0900] ( rqs cmpl ) <<= Actual flags count: 6 30 33 2c 30 31 0d 03,01. <<= <CR> appears as a dot & is 0D hex <<= plus ascii in lower case Note When the IEEE address is changed (via the Comms Options menu), the instrument must be switched off and on to reset and use the new address. Page 92 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 8.2.3 RS232 interface (optional) The RS232 interface uses a standard data lead to connect to a PC. The connections are the same as those used for the F250. The default parameters are – 19200 baud, 8 bits, hardware handshaking, 2 stop bits and no parity Connections are – Computer Instrument 9-pin connector Function 9-pin connector 2 Rx 2 3 Tx 3 4 DTR 4 5 GND 5 6 DSR 6 7 RTS 7 8 CTS 8 The instrument has a male gender connector. The number of wires required for the connection will depend on the exact RS232 settings. Baud rate and other parameters are selectable (via the Comms… menu). Page 93 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 8.2.4 LAN interface (optional) The LAN symbol will be permanently displayed when this interface is connected. There are no LAN options. Page 94 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 8.3 Instrument PC commands The following sections cover use of PC commands. These may be sent to the instrument via a simple terminal program38, through some programming interface, from Excel™ (or similar program) or interactively with a dedicated program (such as ULOG – supplied by ASL). The PC symbol will be briefly displayed when a command is received. 8.3.1 Remote mode (local lockout) The instrument may be set into Remote mode to prevent problems with simultaneous control from a PC and from someone using the front panel keys. In Remote mode, the instrument can only be controlled over the interface since the F252’s front panel keys are locked out. To enable Remote mode, the instrument must be sent a Remote mode command (see section 9.4.1). The PC symbol will be permanently displayed in remote mode. Remote mode is cleared when the instrument is switched on. It is not necessary to be in remote mode to use any of the PC commands, but care must be taken not to inadvertently change settings. 8.3.2 Commands and Syntax The following commands can be sent to the instrument - all commands are composed of single letters, followed by none, one or two single digit parameters or letters (except the switchbox commands, which have 2 alphabetical characters followed by 2 digits). Commands are terminated by a carriage return character <CR> and/or a line feed <LF> character. Response data are always terminated by a carriage return and line feed character <CR><LF>. The instrument responds to all illegal or unrecognized commands with error 5. A PC icon will flash briefly on the F252 display when data are received. The icon will be continuously present when the instrument is in remote mode. For ease of use, new commands, new details and additional information, not present with the F250, are coloured blue. A full list of commands follow – 38 A number of these are available free on the Web. Page 95 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 8.3.3 A command Function: Requests the instrument to return the PRT reading (temperature or resistance) and display units every time the display is updated. Any valid channel may be selected (see below), and units may be C, F, K or W (when units are set to W (ohms), data readings are returned followed by the letter R). Examples: "A 100.000C", "B 273.150K", "D 20.1501R" (quotes and comma are for clarity only) Note: The returned data is 10 characters long +CR+LF. Leading spaces are inserted before the value, when necessary - i.e. “ 1.233C”, not “00001.233C”. The first character after the channel character is either a space or a minus sign, or a numerical digit (when over 1000 °). Channels prefixes are return as A, B, C, D, E, F H (channel 8), I, J, K, L or M (channel 13). Switchbox channels are return as two numerical digits – i.e. 16, 17, etc followed by a S. Therefore, the string length is increased by two characters for a switchbox channel. The returned channel is variable in A B mode. The command is cancelled when the instrument is changed to logging mode. Syntax: An, where n = 0 to 8 or Ann (see below) Parameters An: n = 0 selects PRT A n = 1 selects PRT B n = 2 selects PRT A - B (differential) n = 3 selects alternate mode (A then B) n = 4 cancels continuous output n = 5 selects PRT C n = 6 selects PRT D n = 7 selects PRT E n = 8 selects PRT F Initial State: n=4 Parameters Ann: nn = any valid channel (new numbering) Page 96 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual nn = 00 cancels continuous output Initial State: n=4 8.3.4 C command Function: Clear – immediately resets the instrument to the home state. Syntax: C Parameters: None Initial State: Not applicable Note: this command does not require the LF (line feed) delimiter and must be upper case (i.e. lower case c is ignored). 8.3.5 E command Function: Echo input text – useful when developing communications. Syntax: En Parameters: n = 1 turns echo ON n = any other character, turns echo OFF Initial State: Echo OFF Note: the instrument responds to this command with “echo on” or “echo off” 8.3.6 ! command Function: Returns error 15 – useful when developing communications. Syntax: ! Parameters: None 8.3.7 *I command Function: Returns information string about the instrument: Manufacturer, Model, serial number, firmware version, date Syntax: *I Parameters: None Example: Returns, e.g. ASL,F252,1234567/89,V1.0,22/01/10 8.3.8 F command Function: The analogue output is not implemented on the F252. Note: Always returns Error 5 Page 97 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 8.3.9 H command Function: Holds the current reading, or clears the hold command if already set. Syntax: H Parameters: None Initial State: OFF Note: Commands requesting a result or channel change will turn hold off 8.3.10 Hn command Function: Holds the current reading, or clears the hold command according to the parameter following the H Syntax: H1 or H0 Parameters: 1 or 0 (H1 = ON; H0 = OFF) Initial State: OFF Note: Commands requesting a result or channel change will turn hold off 8.3.11 I command Function: Set the Probe Id string Syntax: Ims--s, where m >= 1 and m <= 72 (probe number) Parameters: Sets the Probe Id to s--s (10 characters maximum) Note: If the first character of the string is numeric, then the probe number must be two digits long (e.g. for Probe 2, use I02s-s) 8.3.12 L command Function: Local lockout - enables or disables the instrument front panel controls. Syntax: Ln, where n = 0 or 1 Parameters: n = 0 enables front panel (lockout OFF) n = 1 disables front panel (lockout ON) Initial State: Page 98 n = 0, lockout off ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual Note To maintain F250 compatibility, global units are applied when lockout is ON (and Smart probes are also disabled). 8.3.13 M command Function: Requests the instrument to return the PRT reading (temperature or resistance) and display units every time the display is updated. Examples: "A 100.00C", "A273.150K02", "B100.1234R", "D120.1501R04". Note: Similar to the A command (see A command for further details). The arguments and return values are slightly different, however. Syntax Ma, where a = @, A,B,C,D,I,J,K or L, or Mab, where a and b specify a switchbox channel number Parameters a = @ cancels continuous output a = A sets PRT to A and sends data when reading available. a = B sets PRT to B and sends data when reading available. a = C sets PRT to A-B and sends data when reading available. a = D sets PRT alternately to A then B and sends data when reading available. a = I sets PRT to A and sends data with channel number when reading available., a = J sets PRT to B and sends data with channel number when reading available. a = K sets PRT to A-B and sends data with channel number when reading available. a = L sets PRT alternately to A then B and sends data with channel number when reading available. ab = 16 to 80, sets PRT to a switchbox channel number (if fitted). The F252 channel number is always appended when this command is used (no leading channel character). Note that 2 digits are required – i.e. a leading 0 is required when the channel number is less than 10. Preceding channel data is not supplied. Initial State: Page 99 a=@ ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual Note: see also command A above and sections 9.4.1, 9.4.2 8.3.14 N command Function: Set Smart probe serial numbers Syntax: Nms--s, where m = S or m = O Parameters: m = S sets the Smart probe serial number to s--s (19 chars maximum) m = O sets the Smart probe source to s--s (17 chars maximum) 8.3.15 P command Function: Set PRT input for display Syntax: Pn, where n = 0 to 8, A or B Parameters: n = 0 selects the A PRT input for display n = 1 selects the B PRT input for display n = 2 selects A - B (differential) for display n = 3 selects C PRT input for display n = 4 selects D PRT input for display n = 5 selects E PRT input for display n = 6 selects F PRT input for display n = 8 also selects A - B (differential) for display n = 9 selects B - A (differential) for display n = A selects A B mode for display n = B selects A/B mode for display n = xx, where xx = 16 upwards (switchbox channels) selects channel xx Initial State: Current channel Note: Error 14 will be returned if the channel is not available Error 5 will be returned if the channel is not recognised 8.3.16 Q or ? command Function: Query, the instrument will return the status of the function Syntax: ?a or Qa, where a is P, R, U, Z or _ Parameters: a = F queries analogue setting – always returns F0 (for F250 compatibility) a = H queries the hold function - (0 = no zero set, 1 = zero set) Page 100 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual a = L queries the remote status - (0 = OFF, 1 = ON) a = M returns last command a = P queries the PRT setting – returns the current channel (n) (see P command) a = R queries the resolution - return setting 0 or 1 (see R command for parameters) a = U queries the units - return setting 0, 1, 2 or 3 (see U command for parameters) a = Z queries the zero function - (0 = no zero set, 1 = zero set) a = _ queries all settings - returns reading + all settings. (27 characters +CR+LF normally, 289 characters +CR+LF in high res. with units set to Ohms). Initial State: Not applicable 8.3.17 R command Function: Sets the instrument resolution Syntax: Rn, where n = 0, 1, 2 or 3 Parameters: n = 0 selects 2 decimal places (3 decimal places for ohms) n = 1 selects 3 decimal places (4 decimal places for ohms) n = 2 selects 1 decimal places (2 decimal places for ohms) n = 3 selects 0 decimal places (1 decimal places for ohms) n = 4 selects 0 decimal places for ohms Initial State: Current resolution 8.3.18 S command Function: Remote control of the SB500-8, SB500 -16 switchboxes (if connected) Syntax: Smn, where m = A or B (C or D) and n is a number 00 to 15. Parameters: m = A, B, C or D (must be present). A selects the first switchbox, B selects the 2nd, C the 3rd and D the 4th. n = the number of the channel on the selected switchbox. Initial State: No switchbox channel selected. Note: 4 characters must be sent to form a valid command, for example SA02, SB13, SC03. Error 14 is returned if the channel is not available. Page 101 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual Page 102 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 8.3.19 T or D command Function: Asks the instrument to send the current channel’s PRT reading and selected units. Examples: "A 0.003C", or "B 75.149K". Note: See note for A command Syntax: T or D Parameters: None Initial State: Not applicable 8.3.20 U command Function: Sets the units to °C, °F, K or W (ohms) Syntax: Un, where n = 0, 1, 2 or 3 Parameters: n = 0 selects °C n = 1 selects K n = 2 selects °F n = 3 selects W (ohms) Initial State: Current units Note: when units are set to W (ohms), data readings are returned followed by the letter “R”. Note: E5 is returned when A/B or A B modes are selected 8.3.21 Z command Function: Sets present reading to zero, or clears zero setting if already set Syntax: Z Parameters: None Initial State: OFF 8.3.22 Zn command Function: Sets the current reading to zero or returns to normal operation. Syntax: Z1 or Z0 Parameters: 1 or 0 (Z1 = ON; H0 = OFF) Initial State: OFF Page 103 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual Note Commands (when valid) that disable Hold are P, A, M, T, D and U. Page 104 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 9. Error codes Error codes can be generated by the instrument for a variety of reasons – Error code Meaning / Cause E1 Balance error / No PRT, PRT open circuit / Ratio over range. E2 Temperature over range E3 Not used E4 IEEE or RS232 error / Unrecognized instruction sent E5 IEEE or RS232 error / Illegal argument sent E6 RAM failure E7 Not used E8 Unable to track temperature change or change too large E9 Not used E10 Not used E11 Not used E12 Unable to communicate while logging E13 Remote enable is OFF (communications disabled) E14 Channel not available E15 Locked out When in remote mode, for F250 compatibility, the error codes are – Error code Page 105 Meaning / Cause E1 Balance error/no PRT, PRT open circuit/ratio over range E2 Temperature over range E4 Unrecognized instruction sent E5 Illegal argument sent E8 Unable to track temperature change ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 10. Options and Accessories 10.1 Accessories The following options are available for the F252 – Part Number F252-INT-D RS232C Communications option F252-INT-L IEEE488.2 Communications option F252-INT-E LAN (Ethernet) Communications EXP-F252-2 Page 106 Description 2 Channels expansion card (Maximum of 2 expansion cards per F252) SB252-A-8 8 Channel Switchbox SB252-A-16 16 Channel Switchbox ULOG Windows PC Data logging software for F250 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual This page is intentionally left blank Page 107 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual 11. Specifications 11.1 Resistance thermometer measurement39 PRT characterisation ITS90, Din90 BS EN60751:1996, IEC60751:1983 CvD 39 BSEN1904:1984, IEC751:1983 Resistance measurement range 0 to 420 Ω Temperature measurement range ITS90 -201 to +962ºC Din90 -201 to +858ºC CvD -150 to +850ºC Measurement interval 0.5 seconds Display resolution 1 mK (0.1 mΩ when in resistance mode) Accuracy (resistance) ± 4mΩ (+20°C ±5°C) Accuracy (temperature) ± 10mK (+20°C ±5°C) User selectable measurement display ºC, ºF, K or ohms PRT current 1 mA constant current Internal reference resistor 100Ω Internal reference resistors thermal stability ± 0.1ppm/°C Internal reference resistors accuracy ± 0.01% (uncalibrated) Input channels 2, (4 or 6 optionally) Input connection 5 pin DIN Expansion port (optional) SB252-8, SB252-16 (4 maximum) Measurements do not include uncertainties to the sensor. A warm-up time of 20 minutes is required to meet specification Page 108 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 11.2 Display Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) 160 x 80 (adjustable contrast) 11.3 Power supply Mains charger supply voltage range 90Vac – 264Vac Power consumption 25VA max Supply frequency range 47Hz - 63Hz Fuse T1A 250 Vac (anti surge) 11.4 Environmental Storage temperature range -20ºC to +50ºC Service temperature range +15ºC to +35ºC Specified operating temperature range +15ºC to +25ºC Operating relative humidity conditions < 80% RH, non-condensing 11.5 Dimensions and weight Dimensions 80 x 260 x 240 (h x w x d) Weight 2.6 kg The F252 has been designed to comply with current standards and safety legislation. The instrument complies with IEC61010-1 and conforms to the low-voltage and EMC directives. Page 109 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual This page is intentionally left blank Page 110 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 12. Cleaning and Maintenance 12.1 Cleaning Make sure the F252 is disconnected from any leads and from the mains supply before cleaning. Clean the outside of the instrument with a soft, clean cloth, slightly dampened with mild detergent. Do not allow water to enter the instrument. Warning Never use alcohol or thinners as these will damage the instrument. Never use a hard or abrasive cloth or brush. Always disconnect from the mains supply before cleaning. Warning Regularly inspect the mains cable and plug for damage. 12.2 Maintenance Keep the instrument and its leads clean with occasional calibration checks. In particular the connectors to input terminals should be kept clean to prevent leakage currents flowing. Damaged cable and connectors are a common cause of poor and intermittent operation. Page 111 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252AC User Manual This page is intentionally left blank Page 112 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 13. Service and Warranty F252 instruments and accessories, (unless stated otherwise), are covered by a 12 month warranty on parts and labour from the date of dispatch from ASL (provided the instrument has not been damaged in use or tampered with). This warranty does not include costs incurred in returning the equipment to the factory for repair. 13.1 Technical Support For all technical support, repair, warranty and service inquiries please contact: Technical Services ASL 2 Gatton Business Park Wells Place Redhill Surrey RH1 3LG ENGLAND United Kingdom Page 113 Telephone: Fax: +44 (0) 1737 649300 +44 (0) 1737 649301 E-Mail: [email protected] ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 14. Appendix 1 – Definitions and terminology i. 0 °C = 273.15 K ii. 1 mK (milli-Kelvin) = 0.001 °C (one milli-degree Celsius) iii. 1 milli-degree C = 0.001°C = 1m °C = 1mK = 1.8m °F iv. 1 milli-degree F = 0.001°F = 1m °F = 0.56mK = 0.56m °C v. Alpha (or α) is the temperature coefficient, or temperature sensitivity, of the platinum wire used in PRTs. In general, the higher the alpha value, the better the PRT thermometer measurement reproducibility, stability and performance’ vi. vii. Page 114 Abbreviations for platinum resistance thermometers include – PRT (Platinum Resistance Thermometer) Pt100 (PRT with nominally 100 Ω resistance at 0 °C) RTD (Resistance Temperature Device) System accuracy refers to the overall, combined accuracy of the F252 and PRT in use. ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 15. Appendix 2 – Firmware update 15.1 Firmware updates ASL may decide to provide firmware updates from time to time. These can be downloaded from the ASL website www.aslltd.co.uk. The procedure for updating the F252 is described in detail below. A PC, downloader software40 and USB cable are required. 15.2 Firmware update disclaimer It is entirely your choice whether you choose to apply these firmware updates to your instrument. ASL, whilst taking the utmost care to thoroughly test both the firmware and the update procedure, can not accept any responsibility for any problem or loss resulting from the procedure. 15.3 Firmware update procedure • Obtain a copy of the latest firmware from the ASL website www.aslltd.co.uk and copy the file into the directory indicated by the instructions on the website. • Run the program CDM_Setup.exe from the directory D:\Downloader (replace the ‘D’ with the name of your CD device if necessary). This will install the USB drivers. You will see the following message one this is complete. • Install the downloader software on your PC by running the program INSTALL.EXE from the directory D:\Downloader (replace the ‘D’ with the name of your CD device if necessary). Follow the installation procedure instructions which require you to enter your name and the name of your company41. Page 115 40 Provided on the CD with the instrument. 41 The same download program can be used to update F200 firmware. ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual • This will create a shortcut icon on the desktop called ASL Downloader. Click on the ASL downloader icon to run the downloader program. Select the F252 Instrument option • Click on the Help button. • Select the F252 option and choose Select. This will display a form with specific instructions for the download process. • Read and follow the instructions provided to update the instrument’s firmware. • The whole process will take about 15 minutes. Page 116 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 16. Appendix 3 – Callendar van Dusen 16.1 Callendar van Dusen equation (CvD) Platinum Resistance Thermometers (PRTs) are one of the most linear temperature sensors that we have. Even so, the relationship between resistance and temperature is not entirely linear and so it is necessary for the conversion from resistance to temperature to allow for this. The IEC751 standard provides an equation that can be used to convert resistance to temperature taking into account the small non-linearities of the PRT – [ Rt = Ro 1 + At + Bt 2 + C (t − 100 )t 3 ] Where ‘Rt‘ is the resistance at temperature ‘t’ and ’R0‘ is the resistance at 0°C. The coefficients A, B and C (C = 0, if t > 0 °C ) are defined in IEC751 for standard PRTs. However, the coefficients must be measured individually (by regression) for a particular PRT when greater accuracy is required. An alternative (and easier) method exists via the Callendar van Dusen (CvD) equation, based on measurement of four accurately known temperatures. The F252 allows these coefficients to be entered for each probe used. The resistance to temperature conversion calculation is then carried out automatically within the instrument. However, this does rely on the user knowing the coefficients A, B and C accurately and entering these into the F252. It is worth noting that the coefficients vary between standards. Typical values (PRT dependent) are – Standard α A DIN 43760 0.003850 3.9080 x 10-3 -5.8019 x 10-7 -4.2735 x 10-12 ASTM 0.003911 3.9692 x 10-3 -5.8495 x 10-7 -4.2325 x 10-12 ITS-90 0.003926 3.9848 x 10-3 -5.870 x 10-7 -4.0000 x 10-12 B C C= 0 if t > 0°C Page 117 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 17. Appendix 4 - ITS-90 17.1 International Temperature Scale (ITS-90) The purpose of this scale is to define procedures by which certain specified practical PRTs of the required quality can be calibrated in such a way that the values of temperature obtained from them can be precise and reproducible; at the same time matching the corresponding thermodynamic values as closely as current technology permits. Since 1968 when the IPTS68 was adopted, there have been significant advances in the techniques employed in establishing temperature standards and in the measurement of thermodynamic temperature. The ITS-90 scale has much improved continuity, precision and reproducibility compared with IPTS68. The implementation of the ITS-90 scale according to its definition calls for significant changes in equipment and procedure compared with IPTS68, but lower uncertainties of calibration are achievable in all parts of the range. However, the instruments and equipment needed to implement the ITS-90 scale in calibration laboratories will be substantially the same. Particular features are – ITS-90 specifies the use of the PRT up to the freezing point of silver, 961.78 °C. The platinum 10% rhodium/platinum thermocouple is no longer specified for use in the scale, though it and other noble metal thermocouples will continue to be used as secondary standards42. • New, more precise, fixed points have been introduced and mathematical procedures for calculating resistance/temperature equivalents have been revised so as to reduce the 'non-uniqueness' of the scale: that is, to reduce the differences which occur between different, identically calibrated PRTs. In particular, the calibration of a PRT can no longer be extrapolated beyond the freezing point of zinc, 419.527 °C, but requires a measurement at the freezing point of aluminium, 660.323 °C. • Alternative definitions are permitted in certain sub-ranges, so that the calibration of a PRT can be terminated at almost any fixed point. This provision allows primary calibrations to be carried out with suitable PRTs over reduced ranges, 42 Note that each of these fixed points has an uncertainty associated with it. Page 118 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual and will be of special importance to metrology standards departments which need to make precise measurements at ambient temperatures. • The part of the ITS-90 scale which may be measured by PRTs extends from 83.8058 K (-189.3442 °C) to 961.78 °C. The actual range of temperatures which may be measured depends on the type and range of the PRT used. The ITS-90 scale requires the entry of 6 constants into the F252 before the instrument can accurately convert resistance to temperature for a particular PRT. The constants are conventionally called R0.01, Ap, Bp, Cp, Dp, An, Bn and W. Page 119 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 18. Appendix 5 - DIN standard 18.1 DIN 90 1980 (EN 60751) The DIN90 standard uses defined values for the conversion of resistance to temperature using the Callendar van Dusen equation. No data entry for the probe is required since the coefficients are predefined. The DIN coefficients are defined as – R0 = 100 ohms A = 3.90823 x 10-3 B = -5.7750 x 10-7 C = -4.1830 x 10-12 The F252 will provide accurate resistance to temperature conversion based on these values when DIN90 conversion is selected for a probe. 18.2 DIN 43760 1980 (IEC 751) The DIN standard uses defined values for the conversion of resistance to temperature using the Callendar van Dusen equation. No data entry for the probe is required since the coefficients are predefined. The DIN coefficients are defined as – R0 = 100 ohms A = 3.90802 x 10-3 B = -5.8020 x 10-7 C = -4.2735 x 10-12 The F252 will provide accurate resistance to temperature conversion based on these values when DIN68 conversion is selected for a probe. Page 120 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 19. Appendix 6– AC Bridge operation 19.1 AC Bridge basics The F252 Bridge measures the voltage (Vt) developed across the unknown sensor resistance (Rt) and the voltage (Vs) across a stable internal reference resistance (Rs). The voltages are proportional to the resistances so the thermometer resistance is derived from – Rt = Rs × Vt Vs This technique achieves immunity from slow moving time and temperature drifts in the electronics as it is not affected by voltage measurement gain variations or current source fluctuations. In addition, the AC Bridge technique used achieves superior stability performance (over DC Bridges) by eliminating all other sources of thermally generated EMF’s (voltages) and sources of drift The internal reference resistor must have a known (calibrated) value for an accurate determination of the thermometer resistance Rt. Although the principle of measuring the ratio of two resistors (see introduction) is identical between AC and DC bridges, the bridges operate very differently in the way they perform this ratio measurement. DC bridges require very stable and accurate electronics to achieve their performance; AC bridges do not require such high-stability. Since they are based on an AC measurement, these bridges are also immune to all thermal problems associated with DC bridges. Page 121 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual The basic bridge arrangement is shown below – Balancing circuit Switches Rt AC constant current source Inductive divider Ratio 1.450 ~ Rs Phase difference detector Display The AC constant current source generates a sine-wave that supplies Rt and Rs in series - so both resistors see identical currents. The inductive divider consists of numerous turns of wires round transformer cores. The turns are arranged so that they form a series of ratio dividers that can be individually switched in and out by the balancing circuit. The bridge works by balancing the inductive dividers (using the phase difference detector) so that the ratio of currents in the two series resistors is precisely known and equal to their ratio. Since the balance point depends only on the ratio of the transformer turns to the unknown resistance, the measurement is precise and unaffected by drift. Page 122 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 20. Appendix 7– Report examples 20.1 Channel report F252 Serial number,123/456789 Recal. date,22/02/11 Date,23/01/10,Time,13:22:31 * Channel,01,Type,Internal,A Conversion,ITS90 Probe Undefined,Smart s/no,ABCD Tmax,+851.0,Tmin,-201.0 Units,ohms Ref R,100 Channel,02,Type,Internal,B Conversion,DIN90 Probe Undefined,Passive probe,DIN90 Tmax,+851.0,Tmin,-201.0 Units,None Set Ref R,100 Channel,03,Type,Internal,C Conversion,DIN90 Probe Undefined,Passive probe,DIN90 Tmax,+851.0,Tmin,-201.0 Units,None Set Ref R,100 Channel,16,Type,S252,16,Serial number,123/456789 Conversion,DIN90 Probe Undefined,Passive probe,DIN90 Tmax,+851.0,Tmin,-201.0 Units,None Set Ref R,100 . . Report continues to end of connected channels Page 123 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 20.2 Assigned probes report F252 Serial number,123/456789 Recal. date,22/02/11 Date,23/01/10,Time,13:34:10 * Probe no,41 Probe id, Conversion,DIN90 Assigned to channel,03,Tmax,323.1,Tmin,-200.1, Units,None Set,R0=+100.0000,A=+3.90830x10-03,B=-5.77500x10-07,C=-4.18300x10-12, All other probes are unassigned Page 124 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 20.3 All probes report F252 Serial number,123/456789 Recal. date,22/02/11 Date,23/01/10,Time,13:35:40 * Probe no,01 Probe id, Conversion,DIN90 Unassigned,Tmax,555.2,Tmin,-200.1 Units,None Set,R0=+100.0000,A=+3.90830x10-03,B=-5.77500x10-07,C=-4.18300x10-12, Probe no,02 Probe id, Conversion,DIN90 Unassigned,Tmax,555.2,Tmin,-200.1 Units,None Set,R0=+100.0000,A=+3.90830x10-03,B=-5.77500x10-07,C=-4.18300x10-12, . . . . Probe no,41 Probe id, Conversion,DIN90 Assigned to channel,03,Tmax,123.4,Tmin,-20.2, Units,None Set,R0=+100.0000,A=+3.90830x10-03,B=-5.77500x10-07,C=-4.18300x10-12, . . . . Probe no,72 Probe id, Conversion,DIN90 Unassigned,Tmax,533.1,Tmin,-200.1 Units,None Set,R0=+100.0000,A=+3.90830x10-03,B=-5.77500x10-07,C=-4.18300x10-12, All other probes are unassigned Page 125 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 20.4 Instrument report F252 Serial number,123/456789 Recal. date,22/02/11 Date,23/01/10,Time,13:39:45 * S/W version,V0.1 Date format,dd/mm/yy 100R reference,99.998 200R reference,199.992,400R reference,399.999 Channels available,A,B,C,D S252's present,1 S252,1,S/W version,0.00,Channels,16-31,Serial number,123/45678,PCB,123/45678,Built, 23/01/10,Used,4 Interfaces USB RS232 Page 126 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual 20.5 Smart probe report F252 Serial number,123/456789 Recal. date,22/02/11 Date,23/01/10,Time,14:34:14 * Smart probe data for channel,01 Version,1 Locked,0 Serial no,ABCD Cal date,01/01/10 Next cal date,01/01/11 Cal type,2,ITS90 Probe type,0,PRT Wire type,0 Source,ASL-F252 R_max,-1 R_min,0 R_max since,-1 R_min since,0 R_max ever,-1 R_min ever,0 Units,1,R Reference R,0,100R T conversion,0,DIN90 R0.01,+100.0000 Ap,3.90830e-03 Bp,-5.77500e-07 Cp,-4.18300e-12 Dp,0.00000e+00 An,0.00000e+00 Bn,0.00000e+00 WT90,0.00000e+00 Cal log count,00 Page 127 ASL 2010 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual Index A Abreviations CvD ................................. 116 PRT ................................... 113 Pt100 ............................... 113 RTD .................................. 113 AC Bridge basics .............. 120 Accessories........................ 105 C Calibration equipment ..... 86 Calibration menu..62, 63, 64, 66 Automatic method ........ 66 Method ............................ 64 Reference resistor........... 63 Channel addresses............ 42 Channel key........................ 37 Channels and probes ....... 50 Check resistor ..................... 20 Cleaning ............................ 110 Comms................................. 78 Comms menu .........78, 79, 81 RS232/IEEE options.......... 79 Time/Date ........................ 81 View status....................... 78 Communications................ 90 Contrast ............................... 82 Conversion algorithms CvD ................................. 116 DIN................................... 119 ITS-90 ............................... 117 CvD ................ 19, 84, 107, 116 D Definitions Alpha .............................. 113 milli-degree C ............... 113 milli-degree F................. 113 milli-Kelvin....................... 113 Definitions and terminology ......................................... 113 Definitions and terminology ........................................... 16 Page 128 Diagnostics.......................... 83 DIN ........................19, 116, 119 Display key Full ..................................... 35 Graphical......................... 37 Normal.............................. 35 Statistical.......................... 36 Display key .......................... 35 Display key .......................... 35 Display key .......................... 36 Display key .......................... 37 Disposal information .......... xiii E Editor .................................... 38 Error codes ........................ 104 Example reports ......122, 123, 124, 125, 126 All probes report ........... 124 Assigned probe report 123 Channel report ............. 122 Instrument report.......... 125 Smart probe report ...... 126 Expansion port .................... 28 F F252 vs F250 ......................... 16 Features ............................... 15 Firmware update ............. 114 Front panel .......................... 22 Function keys Chan................................. 24 Escape ............................. 24 Hold................................... 24 Menu ................................ 24 Unit .................................... 24 Zero ................................... 24 G Getting started................... 20 H Hold key ............................... 34 ASL 2010 I IEEE interface ...................... 91 Input connections ....... 25, 28 Installation information ....... xi Internal 100 check resistor ........................................... 27 Introduction ........................ 15 ITS-90...................116, 117, 118 K Keypad ................................ 23 L LAN interface...................... 94 LCD display ......................... 23 LED ........................................ 23 M Main menu items ............... 41 Calibration…................... 41 Comms… ......................... 41 Contrast ........................... 41 Diagnostics… .................. 41 Options… ......................... 41 Probes…........................... 41 Smart probes… ............... 41 Time/Date… .................... 41 Utilities… ........................... 41 Mains input.......................... 28 Maintenance.................... 110 Measurement principles... 17 Measurement ranges........ 84 Measurement units ............ 17 N Name plate......................... 28 Numeric keys Display modes ................ 25 Enter.................................. 25 numbers ........................... 25 O Operating modes ........ 31, 39 Measurement mode ..... 31 Menu mode .................... 39 F252 1.3.2 F252 User Manual Menu soft-key..................39 Options ...............................105 Options menu . 72, 73, 75, 76, 77 Buzzer ................................75 Data separator ...............76 Date format .....................76 F252/F250 mode..............77 Key buzzer ........................75 Security .............................73 Standby ............................75 Over/under range..............84 P Passive and Smart probes 25 PC commands ..............90, 95 ! command......................97 *I command ....................97 A command ....................96 C command....................97 E command.....................97 F command .....................97 H command ....................98 Hn command ..................98 I command ......................98 L command .....................98 M command ...................99 N command ..................100 P command...................100 Q or ? command..........100 R command...................101 S command ...................101 Syntax................................95 Page 129 T or D command...........102 U command ..................102 Z command ...................102 Zn command.................102 Probe connections ......26, 27 2 wire Passive................... 27 4 wire Passive................... 27 4 wire Smart probe ......... 27 Probe menu..... 51, 52, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61 Assign to channel ........... 58 Conversion ....................... 55 Edit coefficients .............. 56 Probe selection ............... 52 Review coefficients........ 56 Set Tmax ........................... 59 Set Tmin ......................60, 61 Set units............................. 59 Unassign from channel.. 58 Probe review and edit51, 54, 61 Probe safety information ...xii R Rating plate......................... 28 Remote mode..................... 95 Resistors Rs definition ....................120 Rt definition ....................120 Resolution............................. 35 RS232 interface ................... 93 RS232/LAN/IEEE 488 options ........................................... 29 ASL 2010 S Safety information................ix Security.....................18, 73, 74 Low .................................... 74 Medium ............................ 74 Off...................................... 74 Selecting channels 42, 44, 46 Difference channels ...... 44 SB252 ................................. 46 Serial number ...................... 28 Service................................ 112 Setting operating conditions ........................................... 33 Smart probe menu............. 67 Specifications.................... 107 Switchbox addresses ......... 46 T Technical support ............ 112 Temperature measurement ........................................... 17 U Unpacking ........................... 19 USB...................................29, 90 Utilities menu ....................... 69 W Warranty ............................ 112 Z Zero key................................ 34 F252 1.3.2
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Key Features
- 2 Channels, expandable to 6 channels
- 0.5 second update rate
- USB communication interface as standard
- Smart probe compatibility
- Expandable multi-channel input multiplexing
- RS232 or IEEE 488 or LAN interface options
Frequently Answers and Questions
What types of sensors can I use with the F252?
The F252 can be used with all 4-wire Platinum Resistance Thermometers (PRTs), including Smart probes.
How many channels can I have on the F252?
The F252 has 2 channels as standard. This can be expanded to 6 channels with the addition of the optional expansion modules. Further expansion to 70 channels is possible using optional switchboxes.
What types of communication interfaces are available?
The F252 has a USB communication interface as standard. Optional communications interfaces include RS232, IEEE 488, and LAN.
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