Artesis AMT Asset Management Toolkit Users Manual
Below you will find brief information for Asset Management Toolkit AMT. This manual explains the basic concepts needed to install and use AMT Toolkit. The AMT Toolkit is a revolutionary portable tool in the battle to keep electric motors and machinery running at peak performance, whilst maintaining high plant productivity levels. It is capable of monitoring three phase AC motors and generators of all sizes and power levels to provide clear indications when the performance of a particular motor driven equipment begins to degrade.
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Users Manual
Artesis Asset Management Toolkit (AMT)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED
TO THIS MANUAL
WITHOUT PRIOR
APPROVAL FROM
APPLICABLE APPROVALS
AGENCIES
AMT Toolkit*
PS.01‐KL.11‐REV:00
1
© 2012 Artesis
All rights reserved.
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.
* Denotes a trademark of Artesis.
AMT Toolkit
The following are trademarks of the legal entities cited:
Printed in Turkey. Uncontrolled when transmitted electronically.
Contact Information
The following contact information is provided for those times when you cannot contact your local representative:
Mailing Address Artesis A.Ş.
Kemal Nehrozoğlu Cad. GOSB
Teknoparkı
Telephone
Fax
Internet
Hightech Binası Kat: 3/B 10
Gebze 41480 Kocaeli/Turkey
+90 (262) 678 8860
+90 (262) 678 8855 www.artesis.com
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Additional Information
WARNING
Lethal voltages and currents are present at the input terminals of this device. Accordingly, this AMT Toolkit should be installed and maintained only by qualified, competent personnel who have the necessary training and experience appropriate to high voltage and current devices. AMT Toolkit must be used in accordance with all local and national codes for the installation and operation of electrical equipment. Observe all site‐specific procedures including local lockout and tagout.
Recommended safety precautions should be followed at all times.
Both current and voltage transformers can present lethal currents and voltages when their primaries are energized and standard practices (i.e. shorting the secondaries of current transformers and removing voltage transformer fuses) must be respected during installation or any subsequent service.
Disclaimer
Maintenance planning information as well as its timing is issued based on the observations in the field and is approximate and considers the average behavior of different types of equipment. Since each piece of equipment and conditions under which it runs may be different, actual failure periods may be different. Therefore, it is recommended that maintenance actions and their timing indicated in the AMT Condition Assessment Report should be used only as a guide and the indicated abnormalities should be checked and remedied as soon as feasible.
Product Disposal Statement
Customers and third parties, who are not member states of the European Union, who are in control of the product at the end of its life or at the end of its use, are solely responsible for the proper disposal of the product. No person, firm, corporation, association or agency that is in control of product shall dispose of it in a manner that is in violation of any applicable federal, state, local or international law. Artesis is not responsible for the disposal of the product at the end of its life or at the end of its use.
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Contents
AMT Toolkit ................................................................................................................... 1
1.
Overview ............................................................................................... 6
1.1.
Introduction .............................................................................................................. 6
1.2.
Use of this manual .................................................................................................... 6
2.
Installation and Data Acquisition ............................................................ 7
2.1.
Preliminary checks .................................................................................................... 7
2.2.
Safety Notes .............................................................................................................. 8
2.2.1.
Safety related symbols on the device ............................................................... 8
2.3.
AES for AMT Software ............................................................................................... 8
2.4.
Getting Started .......................................................................................................... 9
2.5.
Installation ................................................................................................................ 9
2.6.
Applying power to the AMU unit ............................................................................ 13
2.7.
Installing with soft‐starter systems ........................................................................ 14
3.
AMU Use ............................................................................................. 15
3.1.
Introduction ............................................................................................................ 15
3.2.
The front panel ....................................................................................................... 15
3.2.1.
Confirming ENTER and CLEAR ......................................................................... 15
3.2.2.
Using the front panel buttons ......................................................................... 16
3.2.3.
Setting numeric values .................................................................................... 16
3.3.
Configuring for use.................................................................................................. 16
3.3.1.
Master reset .................................................................................................... 16
3.3.2.
Entering the password .................................................................................... 17
3.3.3.
The Edit settings menu ................................................................................... 17
3.3.3.1.
First time use .............................................................................................. 17
3.3.3.2.
Calibration factors ....................................................................................... 18
3.3.3.3.
Motor settings ............................................................................................ 18
3.3.3.4.
Communication settings ............................................................................. 19
3.4.
Running AMU .......................................................................................................... 19
3.4.1.
Introduction .................................................................................................... 19
3.4.2.
Alarm messages and status indication ........................................................... 19
3.4.2.1.
Alarms specific to the motor ...................................................................... 19
3.4.2.2.
Viewing alarm messages ............................................................................. 20
3.4.3.
Running CHECK MOTOR .................................................................................. 21
3.4.3.1.
Check mode command ............................................................................... 21
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3.4.4.
Setting and checking the input connections .................................................. 22
3.4.5.
Running LEARN and IMPROVE ........................................................................ 23
3.4.5.1.
LEARN .......................................................................................................... 23
3.4.5.2.
IMPROVE ..................................................................................................... 23
3.4.5.3.
Iteration cycle time ..................................................................................... 24
3.4.5.4.
Alarms during the IMPROVE mode ............................................................. 25
3.4.5.5.
Using an inverter drive ................................................................................ 25
3.4.6.
Running RESUME and UPDATE ....................................................................... 26
3.4.6.1.
Canceling running ....................................................................................... 26
3.4.7.
Advanced use .................................................................................................. 26
3.4.7.1.
Monitoring motor and line parameters ...................................................... 28
4.
Equipment Faults, Diagnosis and Reporting ......................................... 29
4.1.
Equipment Faults and their diagnoses using AMT Toolkit ..................................... 29
4.2.
Reporting ................................................................................................................ 30
4.3.
Advance Use; Power Spectral Density .................................................................... 37
4.4.
Advance Use; Waveform ........................................................................................ 37
5.
Troubleshooting .................................................................................. 39
5.1.
Introduction ............................................................................................................ 39
5.2.
Use of the AMU Config utility ................................................................................. 39
5.2.1.
Fault Diagnosis ................................................................................................ 39
5.3.
Servicing .................................................................................................................. 41
5.4.
Cleaning .................................................................................................................. 41
6.
AES for AMT Software ......................................................................... 42
6.1.
Company and Motors ............................................................................................. 42
6.1.1.
Company Information ..................................................................................... 42
6.1.2.
Motors............................................................................................................. 42
6.2.
Reports .................................................................................................................... 43
6.2.1.
Report Assignment and Viewing ..................................................................... 43
6.2.2.
PSD .................................................................................................................. 46
6.2.3.
Waveform ....................................................................................................... 47
6.2.4.
New Report from DB ....................................................................................... 48
6.3.
Settings ................................................................................................................... 48
6.3.1.
License............................................................................................................. 48
7.
Appendices .......................................................................................... 50
7.1.
Appendix 1: AMU Error, alarm and warning conditions ......................................... 50
7.1.1.
Error Conditions .............................................................................................. 50
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7.1.2.
Alarm Conditions ............................................................................................ 51
7.1.3.
Warning Conditions ........................................................................................ 53
7.2.
Appendix 2: Current and voltage transformer selection ........................................ 54
7.3.
Appendix 3: Connection Diagrams for AMT Toolkit ............................................... 55
7.3.1.
Low voltage line driven motors with current transformers ........................... 55
7.3.2.
Low voltage inverter driven motors with current transformers .................... 56
7.3.3.
Low voltage line driven star/delta connected motors ................................... 56
7.3.4.
SoftStarter ....................................................................................................... 57
7.4.
Appendix 4: Menu settings and parameters of AMU Unit ..................................... 58
7.5.
Appendix 5: Edit Settings Menu items .................................................................... 59
7.6.
Appendix 6: Flowcharts for AMU use ..................................................................... 67
7.6.1.
Running AMU: Edit Settings and Check Motor ............................................... 67
7.6.2.
Running AMU: Learn ....................................................................................... 68
7.6.3.
Running AMU: MONITOR / IMPROVE / UPDATE ............................................ 69
7.6.4.
Running AMU: Alarm conditions .................................................................... 70
7.7.
Appendix 7: Technical Specifications of AMT Toolkit ............................................. 73
7.8.
Appendix 8: Technical Specifications of AMU Unit ................................................ 74
7.9.
Appendix 9: Compliance and Certification of AMU Unit (Artesis MCM) ................ 76
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1. Overview
1.1. Introduction
AMT Toolkit is a revolutionary portable tool in the battle to keep electric motors and machinery running at peak performance, whilst maintaining high plant productivity levels.
Used correctly, this unique instrument is capable of monitoring three phase AC motors and generators (as well as driven equipment) of all sizes and power levels to provide clear, unambiguous indications when the performance of a particular motor driven equipment begins to degrade. The numerous transducers employed by other, less advanced instruments have been replaced by three current sensors and three voltage sensors, familiar to all those involved with the measurement of electrical quantities, making the system straightforward to install and use without in‐depth training of personnel.
Artesis AMT Toolkit is equipped with a computer, Asset Management Units for data processing, Artesis Enterprise Software for Asset Management (AES for AMT) for generating a condition assessment report, current transformers, and cables. Artesis AMT Toolkit is connected to motor cables using current sensors and voltage cables and it collects data from motor driven system and saves to SQL database. At the end of testing period, toolkit generates a condition assessment report which indicates existing failures in the system, recommended corrective action, and the effects of these faults on energy efficiency.
Artesis AMT Toolkit is used to collect data for thirty minutes from motor driven equipment to generate an instant condition assessment report. The total duration of test is approximately one and a half hour including the installation, stopping and starting the motor, data acquisition, and dismantling processes.
Despite its simplicity and ease of use, like any intelligent electronic, software‐based device, it is important that AMT Toolkit is installed and used correctly. We strongly recommend that you take the time to study the information contained within the accompanying manuals and to familiarize yourself with the operating principles and practices.
1.2. Use of this manual
This manual explains the basic concepts needed to install and use AMT Toolkit. For further, specific details please contact Artesis.
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AMU Installation
2. Installation and Data Acquisition
2.1. Preliminary checks
Please inspect the contents of the AMT Toolkit package and ensure that they agree with the information in the packing list. In the event of any missing or damaged items, please contact your supplier immediately. Artesis will not accept responsibility for damage caused to or by any AMT Toolkit unit that has been incorrectly installed or installed on a motor system outside the indicated power range.
AMT Toolkit accessories include the following:
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
3 x split‐core encapsulated multi ratio current transformer with four built in current ratios. Class 1.
Conforms to IEC185/BS7626 and BSEN60044‐1/ IEC 60044‐1
Built in current ratios at terminals S1( Ground), S2 ( 100/5A), S3(200/5A), S4( 300/5A) and S5 (
400/5A)
Frequency range 50 / 60 Hz
System rated voltage 0.72/3kV
Isolation voltage 3kV (1 minute)
Continuous current 1.2xrated current
40mm diameter cable hole
CABLES
Voltage measurement cables (Fluke AC285 SureGrip™ Alligator Clips)
Current measurement cables
Power cable
Cross cable for ethernet connection
Charging adapter for laptop
COMPUTER
Amd Dual‐Core Processor C60 1.3 GHz
2 GB DDR3 RAM
320GB Hard Disk
11.6 inch LED LCD Display
MS Windows 7 Starter Operating Software
AMU Installation
2.2. Safety Notes
WARNING
HAZARDOUS VOLTAGE
Can cause death or serious injury.
Multiple energy sources present.
See user manual before servicing.
Turn off and lock out all power supplying this device before working on this device.
If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.
2.2.1. Safety related symbols on the device
Risk of electric shock
General warning symbol
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2.3. AES for AMT Software
AES for AMT software is the upgrade to AES Configuration Application which is basically used to complete all configuration tasks (i.e. database settings, AMU device connection settings, equipment hierarchy). Configuration Application is also used to set‐up device according to motor information, to get PSD and waveform data, to get and set AMU device settings. In addition to those functions, AES for AMT Software is used to record basic company (or plant) and its motors’ information, to match the data with the motors and to get a report. Producing the report according to motor information and the related data is the major feature of AES for AMT software. Including motor data, each report lists the
9
AMU Installation
existing faults installed to the computer brought within AMT Toolkit. It is designed to acquire data with a couple of clicks.
2.4. Getting Started
Before installation,
1. Ensure that AMT Toolkit includes all cables listed in section 2.1 and computer.
2. Ensure that battery power of the computer is not low or charging cable is connected to the computer.
3. Check the Motor Control Cabinet (MCC) for installation of split‐core current transformers (CTs) which are included within AMT Toolkit. a. If it is suitable then check the motor name plate for rated current in order to use appropriate transformation ratio. b. If not, check usability of existing CTs.
4. Check the secondary output of CT which is used for measurement in order to use the appropriate Asset Management Unit (AMU).
5. Check the license status of the software to get the report of the data.
2.5. Installation
The process of connecting the AMT Toolkit system to the motor requires caution to avoid personal injury and damage to the AMT Toolkit. Follow the steps below to collect all three phases of the current and voltages:
AMT Toolkit Connections
1. Before setting up the AMT Toolkit, ensure that motor is not running and all switches on the AMT Toolkit are off.
2. Plug the power cable.
3. Connect cross cable to the computer.
AMU Installation
WARNING
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
Incoming power must be de‐energized before installation.
Before wiring, de‐energize the CT secondary by shorting it via a shorting block.
The current transformer must have its secondary terminals short‐ circuited or connected to MCU unit, before energizing the primary circuit.
Under no circumstances must the CT secondary be left open‐ circuited, even momentarily, when primary current is flowing. This causes high voltages that will overheat and explode the secondary of the CT and damage the instruments as well.
Before disconnecting any MCU unit to or from a current transformer, the secondary terminals of the transformer should be shorted using a link capable of carrying several times the nominal output current (i.e. at least 10A).
Current & Voltage Connections
1. Select appropriate, 1 Amp or 5 Amp, AMU for voltage and current connections. AMU for 1 Amp is provided for direct connections to the existing current transformers with 1
Amp secondary outputs of the motors with measurement units.
2. Plug voltage sockets to AMT Toolkit and connect the alligator clips to the motor terminals or other location for direct contact with the conductors.
3. Connections for Low Voltage (≤ 480V AC), Medium Voltage (> 480V AC) and Inverter
Driven equipment are described. Follow the steps appropriate for the motor type.
3.1. Low Voltage Motors: For 5 Amp AMU, plug current socket to AMT Toolkit, connect current cables to multi ratio current transformers supplied with AMT Toolkit and connect multi ratio current transformers to equipment's 3 phase supply cables.
Connect current cables to multi ratio current transformers as described below according to motor’s nominal current.
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AMU Installation
Connect C1, C3, and C5 current cables to S1 terminals of CT1, CT2, and CT3, respectively.
If nominal current is between 30 ‐ 100 Amps, connect C2, C4, and C6 to S2 terminals as shown in the figure above.
If nominal current is between 100 ‐ 200 Amps, connect them to S3 terminals.
If nominal current is between 200 ‐ 300 Amps, connect them to S4 terminals.
If nominal current is between 300 ‐ 400 Amps, connect them to S5 terminals.
If the MCC has existing current transformers make direct connections to those current transformers with 5 Amp secondary output.
If the nominal current is between 0 – 30 Amps and current transformers do not exist at the measurement unit of the motor, use current transformers (NOT SUPPLIED) with appropriate turn ratios. Turn ratios will be selected such that current inputs are between 1.5 – 5 Amps for 5 Amp AMU and between 0.3 – 1 Amps for 1 Amp AMU.
3.2. Medium Voltage Motors: The test equipment has a limit of 480 volts for direct connection. Therefore, testing on medium to high voltage motor and driven equipment is performed by utilizing secondary circuit (low voltage) to access the currents and voltages. Lethal voltages and currents are present at the input terminals of this
device. Accordingly, this unit must be used in accordance with all local and national codes for the installation and operation of low voltage electrical equipment.
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AMU Installation
3.3. Inverter Driven Motors: Make sure that voltages are measured at the output terminals of the inverter. Direct connections to the output terminals are made for low voltage inverters. Voltage transformers (NOT SUPPLIED) are needed for medium voltage inverters.
4. Turn the power switch of the AMT Toolkit and AMU unit on.
5. Ensure that AMU’s Power led is on.
6. Ensure that “IDLE” message appeared in the AMU’s LCD display. If the unit is not in IDLE mode, press clear button until IDLE message appears in the LCD display.
7. Refer to section 3 for detailed information for the use of AMU unit.
Configuring AES for AMT Software
This section describes configuration of AMU unit using the “set up wizard”. Alternative
configuration is possible from the front panel by using the buttons of the AMU unit as described in section 3.
1. Before configuring AES Configuration Application, ensure that motor is running and voltage & current sockets are connected.
2. Select AMU model on the AES panel according to secondary amps value of current transformers (AMU 1A or AMU 5A).
3. Right click on it.
4. Select the ‘Setup Wizard’ menu item.
5. Click ‘Next’ button.
6. Enter equipment’s ‘Nominal Voltage’, ‘Nominal Current’, ‘Frequency’ and ‘Motor
Speed’.
7. Choose connection type.
8. Click ‘Next’ button.
9. Enter voltage transformers’ conversion ratio (Default value is 1). If there are no voltage transformers used, leave the conversion ratio as 1.
10. Click ‘Next’ button.
11. Enter current transformers’ conversion ratio (Default value is 1). e.g. if the 100/5A is used, set the conversion ratio as 20.
12. Click ‘Next’ button.
13. Wait for 90 seconds.
14. Click physical parameters button to see the measured parameters.
15. Ensure that electrical values (currents, voltages) are same as expected and phase ordering (see section 3.4.4) is right.
16. Click ‘Close’ button.
17. Click ‘Next’ button.
18. Click ‘No’ button.
19. Wait for the AMU device to finish ‘Learn’ and ‘Improve’ modes, and to get into
‘Monitor’ mode.
20. Right‐click on the device and select “Waveform…” submenu. Download waveform data until ‘Save’ icon enabled and save it to a text file. Close the waveform window.
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AMU Installation
21. By clicking the ‘AMT Report’ menu, open reporting user interface.
22. If the company information was not recorded before, click on ‘Companies’ group on the left bottom on the reporting user interface or ‘Company’ menu.
23. Click ‘New Company’ button on the ‘Company’ ribbon bar and fill the company information on the right pane.
24. Click ‘Save’ button on the ribbon bar.
25. On the motor pane, click ‘Add New Motor’ button.
26. Fill the motor information on new motor card.
27. Click ‘Save Motors’ button.
28. A motor can be removed by clicking ‘Remove Motor’ button.
29. Motor adding, editing operations can be cancelled by clicking ‘Cancel Editing’ button.
30. Click ‘Report’ menu or ‘Reports’ group on the left bottom. The companies and their motors will be listed on the left pane.
31. Click the ‘New Report from DB’ button. The AMU devices and their data are listed on the right pane.
32. Assign waveform text file by clicking the folder icon.
33. Drag a data from that list and drop into the related company’s motor on the left so that the data can be assigned to a specific motor and a report is opened.
34. If you do not assign a waveform, you can assign it by selecting a report on the left and clicking ‘Assign Waveform File’ button.
35. A report can be viewed by double‐clicking on it. The report will appear on the right pane.
36. A report can be exported as pdf file, e‐mailed as attachment or previewed to print using the ‘Export’, ‘E‐Mail’, and ‘Preview and Print’ buttons on the ribbon bar, respectively.
37. The PSD and waveform graphs of a report can be viewed by clicking ‘PSD’ and ‘VI
Waveform’ tabs, respectively.
When data acquisition is done
1. Ensure that motor is not running.
2. Turn voltage, AMU, and power fuses off in order.
3. Remove current transformers.
4. Disconnect power, voltage and current cables.
2.6. Applying power to the AMU unit
Once the motor connections have been made, power should be applied to the unit. AMU requires between 100 and 240VAC obtained from a single phase, neutral and ground. At this stage, the Power indicator at the left of the front panel will light. If this does not occur, please check that the correct voltages have been applied.
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AMU Installation
Immediately on application of power, the LED condition indicators should briefly flash and activity should be seen on the main display. The text "Initializing" followed by a series of dots will appear.
"Initializing....."
After a few seconds, the display should indicate that it is in the IDLE mode. AMU is now ready for use. When using a device for the first time the message "Bad flash data! Press
Clear" may be displayed. In this case press the CLEAR button several times until the message disappears.
2.7. Installing with soft‐starter systems
AMU can be installed with standard soft‐starter systems provided that they are automatically bypassed immediately after motor start‐up and during subsequent use. Un‐ bypassed, soft‐starter systems can introduce considerable distortion into the current waveforms and thus prevent AMU from modeling the properties of the motor itself. If AMU is to be used with such a system, it is essential that the maximum current limit of the starter be above the nominal running motor current so that it is bypassed effectively during all normal operation.
NOTE
AMU should never be used on a system that employs soft‐starters for speed control or other un‐bypassed uses.
Please refer to the diagrams in the appendix for details of the connections needed for soft starter systems.
NOTE
Soft‐starters should always be bypassed.
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AMU Use
3. AMU Use
3.1. Introduction
Use of AMU is both simple and straightforward once the basic concepts and principles are understood. This section of the manual is designed to introduce these concepts and to demonstrate how AMU is set up. It is recommended that first time users read this section carefully, as successful operation requires that AMU is set up and used correctly.
3.2. The front panel
3.2.1. Confirming ENTER and CLEAR
Once the sensors have been connected and power has been applied to the AMU unit, the
Power indicator light should be lit. The LCD should display the message IDLE on the top line, indicating that the unit is idle and waiting input from the user. When being used for the first time, the message ''Bad flash data! Press Clear'' may be displayed. The user should repeatedly press the CLEAR button until the message disappears.
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AMU Use
3.2.2. Using the front panel buttons
Commands are input by pressing one of the six selection buttons on the front of the unit:
UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT, ENTER and CLEAR. For instance, the user can cycle through the various modes (IDLE to CHECK MOTOR to RUN to RESUME … and finally back to IDLE), by repeatedly pressing the UP button. A particular mode can be selected by pressing ENTER when the desired mode is displayed on the LCD. The menus are set up on a hierarchical basis, with each level representing commands of the same precedence which the user can cycle through by pressing the UP or DOWN buttons. Pressing CLEAR has the effect of stopping a particular action and rising up a level in the hierarchy. Only Edit Settings has nested hierarchy levels more than two deep. In general, whenever ENTER or CLEAR is pressed, it will be necessary to confirm the action with a second press of the button; pressing the other button (i.e. CLEAR after ENTER and vice versa) will cancel the action.
3.2.3. Setting numeric values
Similarly, numeric values can be entered using the arrow buttons. When a value is to be changed, use the LEFT or RIGHT buttons to move the LCD flashing cursor to the first digit to be edited and repeatedly press either the UP or DOWN buttons to scroll through the available alphanumeric characters until the desired one is displayed. Subsequent digits can be edited by moving to the next digit using the LEFT or RIGHT buttons and again scrolling with the UP and DOWN buttons. A schematic diagram showing the menu hierarchy is shown in the appendix at the end of this manual.
3.3. Configuring for use
3.3.1. Master reset
When first installed the AMU unit will be configured for the default factory settings, which will need to be changed prior to use. At later times, the factory settings can be restored by pressing and holding down the LEFT button for about 4 seconds during power up of the device, until the string ''Press ENTER'' for general reset appears. At this stage pressing
16
AMU Use
ENTER will initiate the reset. Pressing any other button will cause the reset to be ignored and the device will continue.
3.3.2. Entering the password
To configure the unit, select the Edit Settings mode and press and confirm ENTER. In order to proceed further, it will be necessary to enter a password.
NOTE
The factory setting for this password is the string
“m“and can be entered using the UP and DOWN buttons to cycle through the alphanumeric characters
(‘a’ through ‘z’, ‘0’ through ‘9’).
The LEFT and RIGHT buttons are used to shift the active character in the string. To input the password “m”, repeatedly press the UP button until the letter ‘m’ appears in the first position. Press and confirm ENTER and then press ENTER again to enter the Edit Settings menu.
3.3.3. The Edit settings menu
Throughout this manual, paths to menu items are represented by the word MENU: followed by the list of sub‐menus required to reach the item separated by a forward slash.
For example, the path of the Parity value given in the preceding paragraph would be given as:
MENU: Edit Settings / Password / Comm. Settings / Parity
The forward slash can be thought to represent the action of pressing and confirming ENTER.
3.3.3.1. First time use
Before AMU can be used for the first time it is necessary to change various settings from their default values. Values relevant to the connected motor must be set for the quantities described in the following sections.
17
AMU Use
3.3.3.2. Calibration factors
Current sensors and assemblies supplied with AMU should be accompanied by a calibration document containing the sensor’s calibration factor. The values of each calibration factor should be entered into the correct setting under the Calibration menu. It is important that the correct factor be entered for each channel, as AMU will not function correctly if the calibration factors are incorrect.
For channels connected to current transformers, the calibration factor should be equal to the nominal ratio of the primary to secondary turns. For example a 100A current transformer with a 5A output and a single primary turn would require a calibration factor of
20. The same transformer with two primary turns would require a calibration factor of 10. A
6500V voltage transformer with a nominal secondary voltage of 100V would require a calibration factor of 65.
NOTE
Any channel connected directly to the motor without an external sensor (i.e. voltage connections on low voltage units) requires a calibration factor of 1.
3.3.3.3. Motor settings
Nominal voltage, current and frequency:
The nominal voltage, current and speed (in rpm) of the attached motor must be entered under the Motor Settings menu. These values can be obtained from the motor specifications. AMU uses these values to determine whether the motor complies with its specifications and incorrect values are likely to raise alarms. The nominal line frequency (or most commonly expected frequency in the case of an inverter) should also be set. Similarly, the motor connection type must be set to one of Star or Delta.
NOTE
The value of this dominant frequency must be entered from the Edit Settings menu. If AMU measures the frequency to be out of the expected range, it will issue an alarm in both the CHECK MOTOR and LEARN modes and the user should adjust the frequency setting accordingly. Nominal speed must be normalized according to the set frequency. E.g. if the frequency and speed values on the motor name plate are 50 Hz and 1500 rpm and if the motor is working on 30 Hz
18
AMU Use
than the speed should change to 30x1500/50=900 rpm.
3.3.3.4. Communication settings
Setting the device address:
If the AMU networking options are to be used, the AMU network address must be supplied.
By default this is set to 0, which by convention is the address of the host terminal. Use of this address will therefore disrupt communications over the network and must be changed prior to connection. Any address between 1 and 255 can be selected although it is important to check that the selected address is not in use by any other device on the same node.
It is recommended that the motor serial number (or any other short identifier string) be entered as a means of identifying the motor to the software. This is not obligatory, and both the networking software and AMU can function without this information.
Other communications settings:
All other communications settings should be left at the factory defaults if the AMU networking software is being used. If another software package is employed (i.e. SCADA software), please refer to its documentation for communication settings.
AMU can use both RS422 (4‐wire) and RS485 (2‐wire) standards. The RS422 standard can be used for up to 19200 Baud rates and the RS485 standard can be used for up to 9600 Baud rates. The recommended communication standard for AMU is RS422 (4‐wire).
3.4. Running AMU
3.4.1. Introduction
Having configured AMU for a particular motor, it can now be used for its intended purpose of the condition of the motor.
3.4.2. Alarm messages and status indication
3.4.2.1. Alarms specific to the motor
AMU divides warning messages into the categories of warnings, alarms and errors.
Warnings inform the user that non‐critical conditions have arisen that the user should be aware of but do not affect the performance of AMU. Alarms provide information specific to
19
AMU Use
the motor being tested and are indications of faults caused by incorrect connections to the motor, the supplied line voltage and/or motor currents being outside the specified limits and other prevent AMU determining
NOTE
conditions that from correctly the state of the motor. Alarms
AMU to stop completely, but
A prolonged fault indication should always be investigated. do not cause monitoring generally are indications that there is something that needs to be investigated and possibly changed before AMU can function to its full extent. In some cases an alarm may indicate a transient event such as high line voltages, which although damaging to the motor in the long term, do not indicate an immediate need for action. Of course if the frequency of such events is sufficiently high, the cause should be located and corrective action taken to remedy the
problem.
NOTE
It is important to realize that when an alarm is displayed, AMU does not process the data taken from current and voltage channels. Therefore AMU cannot monitor the motor status.
It is therefore important to ascertain the cause of the alarm at the earliest opportunity (See
Section 7.1.2 in Appendix 1).
3.4.2.2. Viewing alarm messages
An alarm is indicated on the front panel of AMU by the message Alarm followed by a hexadecimal value. The bits of the hexadecimal value refer to which alarm is raised repeatedly pressing the RIGHT or LEFT buttons cycles through a list of all active alarms.
Please refer to the appendix for a complete list of possible alarm conditions and their remedies. The measured physical motor values can be viewed during an alarm by pressing the UP or DOWN buttons. This is often useful in determining the reason for an alarm.
When monitoring a motor in test mode (MONITOR, IMPROVE or UPDATE), AMU provides a status indication on the right side of the upper display line. This consists of one of the items in the table above.
20
AMU Use
In addition, one of the five LED indicators on the front panel is lit showing the color corresponding to the motor status in the table above after LEARN mode has finished. As with all grading schemes, there is always some overlap between the bands and it is possible for a healthy motor sometimes to indicate a fault severity greater than 1. However, in healthy motor systems such false alarms should be transitory and prolonged display of a fault should indicate the need for maintenance.
3.4.3. Running CHECK MOTOR
On first use of AMU and each time any maintenance is performed on the motor, it is
essential that the motor together with its connections are checked by running the CHECK
MOTOR function. In this mode AMU performs a short check on all motor connections to determine the phase ordering and that a motor is connected and running. It also checks among other things, that the voltage and current levels are within set limits, and that the phase angle between the V1 and I11 ‐ I12 channels is appropriate. If AMU detects that some condition is not met, an alarm is raised which the user should investigate and remedy before proceeding further.
3.4.3.1. Check mode command
The CHECK MOTOR mode is entered using the menu item:
MENU: Check Motor / Password
NOTE
If the Local Lockout setting is ON it is necessary to supply a password before access to the CHECK MOTOR mode is granted. The password is the same as used to access the Edit Settings menu.
Once CHECK MOTOR has finished, it will display either the message "Motor values" or a warning or alarm indication. At this point the UP and DOWN buttons can be used to cycle through a list of calculated physical parameters. If an alarm is present, pressing LEFT or
RIGHT buttons will cycle through the list of alarms. Many of the alarm conditions relate to the calculated physical values and it is often useful to check the calculated values of the relevant parameters when trying to understand the origin of an alarm condition. Pressing
CLEAR will return to the IDLE state.
21
AMU Use
3.4.4. Setting and checking the input connections
When the CHECK MOTOR menu option is selected, AMU first determines the relative order of the voltage phases using the V1 channel as an arbitrary reference. It then attempts to place the current channel pairs in the correct order and polarity. The order determined by
AMU can be displayed by entering the EDIT SETTINGS menu and selecting:
MENU: Edit Settings / Phase Ordering / Phase Order
On this menu, the voltages are denoted by the letters R, S, T and currents by r, s, t. A – sign preceding each letter indicates that the corresponding signal has an extra 180º of phase shift (i.e. that the polarity of the signal is reversed). Similarly, a + sign preceding a letter indicates that the polarity is correct. For example:
R‐s+T+r+S‐t
The above phase ordering display would indicate that relative to the first voltage (R) phase on input V
1
, the S and T phases (on V
3
and V
2
respectively) are reversed. The order of the current inputs is also incorrect with IS connected to I
11
‐ I1
2
, I
R
connected to I
21
‐ I
22
and I
T
connected to I
31
‐ I
32
. Furthermore, the polarities of the two currents, I
S
and I
T
, have been reversed (I
11
has been exchanged with I
12
and I
31
with I
32
).
NOTE
Once AMU has determined the correct phases, the user should not change the input connections without running CHECK MOTOR again.
The algorithm used by AMU to determine the phase order yields two solutions depending on the motor loading and extra information is required to obtain the correct sequence. To this end, AMU compares the measured RMS values for the currents with the nominal current entered by the user. If the ratio of the measured current to the nominal current is greater than the value of the Load threshold (expressed as a percentage), the motor is assumed to be working under loaded conditions and the appropriate solution is chosen.
Otherwise the motor is assumed not to be loaded. It is thus important to enter an accurate value for the nominal current. Even so, it is still possible for AMU to choose the wrong solution which will yield unrealistic values for the phase angle when the loading on the motor changes in use. AMU provides the possibility of overriding the detected phase sequence from the menu item Order Override under:
MENU: Edit Settings / Phase Ordering / Order Override
22
AMU Use
Changing the value of this item from OFF to ON allows the detected phase ordering to be altered by moving the cursor to the required position and scrolling UP/DOWN to select the desired value. Set the phase ordering according to installation. Capital and small letters refer to voltage and current, respectively. ‘+’ and ‘‐‘ signs refer to direction of the CT output.
It is also possible to fine‐tune the algorithm by altering the value of the load threshold. A higher value will tend to favor the unloaded solutions and vice versa. The load threshold can be found under:
MENU: Edit Settings / Alarm Thresholds / Load threshold
3.4.5. Running LEARN and IMPROVE
3.4.5.1. LEARN
AMU should learn the motor under normal operating conditions. The LEARN period consists of a preset number of data acquisition cycles and periods of data analysis. Once the preset number of cycles has been reached, the acquired and preprocessed data are further processed to produce a database consisting of a collection of data sets representing the behavior of the motor system under the load conditions that the motor has met in practice.
It is therefore important to have the motor operating under its expected running conditions during a learning period. In order to adequately cover the range of load conditions experienced by a motor system, a sufficient number of acquisition cycles or iterations is required.
NOTE
We recommend that you use somewhere between 15 to 30 iterations for LEARN and 7‐10 iterations for
IMPROVE modes
Since additional learning can also be performed if needed during the testing phase, a larger number of learning iterations is not generally required. The number of learning iterations can be set from the menu path:
MENU: Edit Settings / Password / Run settings / Learn iterations.
3.4.5.2. IMPROVE
Once the initial learning period is complete, the AMU unit will automatically try to improve its estimation of the motor characteristics by updating the database obtained during the learning mode. The database is updated with different load and line conditions in the
23
AMU Use
Improve mode. The duration of the Improve mode is determined by the number of Improve iterations set from the menu path.
MENU: Edit Settings/Password / Run settings / Improve Iterations
It is recommended that this value be set to between 7 – 10 iterations.
An important difference between this mode and the initial learning period is that
AMU monitors the motor status during IMPROVE but does not during LEARN.
Once the IMPROVE stage is complete, the MONITOR phase will automatically continue without user intervention. This is the main operating mode and AMU is expected to spend most of its time in this mode monitoring attached motor systems.
NOTE
In order to start monitoring,
AMU must first have learnt the characteristics of the motor it is to monitor and have a valid learning mode.
3.4.5.3. Iteration cycle time
In general a data processing cycle takes between 60 – 120 seconds depending on several factors. First, AMU requires relatively unchanging data over a minimum time period during its data acquisition phase and will repeat the data acquisition until it obtains stable data, thus varying the iteration time cycle. If the amplitude or frequency of the voltage and current phases varies excessively and stable data cannot be found, an alarm is raised.
Secondly, if harmonic values are being calculated, extra processing cycles are required.
Finally, if AMU encounters an error, it may repeat the cycle several times.
Once started, the monitoring process will continue until one or the other of the following conditions is fulfilled:
1. An error condition is generated and canceled.
2. The user presses the CLEAR button to cancel the process. In order to prevent unauthorized access, if the Local Lockout setting is set a password must first be entered.
3. Power to the AMU unit is cut.
24
AMU Use
3.4.5.4. Alarms during the IMPROVE mode
Alarm conditions may occur during any monitoring phase. If CHECK MOTOR has previously been run on the motor, it is likely that the alarms represent transient conditions present on the power lines. However, it is suggested that any alarm representing a condition that could affect the performance of the motor should be recorded and investigated as a potential cause of motor degradation. As in CHECK MOTOR, if an alarm is indicated, the most recent physical values available for the motor can be displayed using the UP and DOWN buttons.
Examination of these values can often indicate the precise reason for the alarm condition. A complete list of alarm conditions can be found in the appendix at the end of this manual.
3.4.5.5. Using an inverter drive
If an inverter is being used to drive the motor, several additional precautions are needed.
The voltage frequency is expected to be constant (within well‐defined limits) for direct line driven motors, but can vary considerably when an inverter is used. AMU can handle the range of frequencies typical of an inverter, but first needs to learn the motor at a single frequency representative of the conditions it will meet in practice. The value of this dominant frequency must be entered from the Edit Settings menu. If AMU measures the frequency to be out of the expected range, it will issue an alarm in both the CHECK MOTOR and LEARN modes and the user should adjust the frequency setting accordingly. During
IMPROVE mode this requirement is relaxed and the frequency can assume any value within the allowed frequency range.
NOTE
AMU is not suitable for the following applications:
If motor supply voltage is changing over 15% in
6 seconds.
If motor current is changing over 15% in 6 seconds.
DC motors
If motor is driven by an inverter whose chopping frequency is under 2 kHz.
25
AMU Use
3.4.6. Running RESUME and UPDATE
3.4.6.1. Canceling running
All the operating modes LEARN, IMPROVE, MONITOR and UPDATE can be stopped and started at any time without significant effect on monitoring performance, by pressing the
CLEAR button (and providing the correct password). Subsequent restart of AMU can be achieved by selecting RESUME from the main menu, which will cause AMU to continue in its incomplete mode at the point of interruption. Thus, if it is necessary to stop AMU for any reason, it can be restarted without affecting any existing data.
3.4.7. Advanced use
It is possible to customize the behavior of AMU by adjusting various settings. As usual a valid password must be supplied before the Edit Settings menu can be entered.
The following table summarizes the settings that can be changed together with their
significance. It is recommended that the original values of each setting be recorded prior to changing them. After changing certain settings it may be necessary to relearn the motor.
Menu Group
Harmonic
Values
Setting
Usage
Harmonic Calc
Switch on/off calculation of harmonic values. Note that the calculation of harmonic values can significantly lengthen the cycle time.
Calibration
Alarm
Thresholds
Signal Select The channel number (1‐6) of the channel to be used for harmonic calculations.
Calibration
The calibration constants for the sensors on each channel.
Voltage balance
%
Maximum permitted voltage imbalance
Current balance
%
Maximum permitted current imbalance
Voltage range % Maximum voltage range (as ± percentage range around nominal)
Max Current % Maximum permitted current upper limit (as percentage above nominal)
Low voltage %
Minimum acceptable level below which voltage is considered to be zero for line and power fault alarms
(as percentage of nominal)
Low current % Minimum acceptable level, below which current is considered to be zero for motor not running alarm (as percentage of nominal)
26
Run Settings
AMU Use
Load threshold % Used by the phase ordering algorithm to set the loading threshold. If the ratio of actual current to nominal current is more than the value of the Load threshold (in %) then the motor is considered to be working under load and the appropriate phase ordering selected. Otherwise, the motor is assumed to be unloaded.
Learn iterations The number of data acquisition iterations required for a
LEARN period. A value between 15 – 30 is recommended.
Improve iterations
The number of data acquisition iterations required for the IMPROVE phase. A value between 7 – 10 is recommended.
Update iterations
Flash update rate
The number of data acquisition iterations required for an UPDATE phase. A value between 1000 ‐ 2000 is recommended.
AMU does not update the flash with new values at each iteration, as this could shorten the flash lifetime.
On the other hand, the longer data are stored in volatile memory, the greater the potential for data loss if power fails. As a compromise, the user can set a suitable time (measured in complete iterations) after which all outstanding data are automatically saved to flash.
Local lockout When this setting is on, passwords have to be supplied in order to start or quit a Check Motor or Monitor mode. Its purpose is to prevent any unauthorized tampering with AMU. Remote commands over the serial line are unaffected.
Relay thresholds Set the fault level for activating the output relay in
MONITOR mode. If set, the relay is triggered by a
Current stability
% change from a lower to a higher fault level any time the level is equal to or above the set level.
When obtaining data, AMU requires relatively unchanging current signals. If the variation in the amplitude of the current exceeds this threshold, AMU will reject the data. The alarm UNSTABLE LINE is often seen when the current stability is set too low.
27
AMU Use
3.4.7.1. Monitoring motor and line parameters
In all operating modes (and after CHECK MOTOR has finished), it is possible for AMU to display selected parameters. Sequentially pressing the UP or DOWN buttons allows the user to select to display the most recent values for the parameters in the following table:
Displayed Parameter
Admittance
Phase angle
Unit
A/V o
(degree)
I
Power factor
Active power
Voltage balance
Current balance
V
V
2
V
1
3
RMS
RMS
RMS
1
RMS
I
2
RMS
I
3
RMS
Line frequency
Fit Parameter 1
Fit Parameter 2
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
3 rd
– 13 th
Odd harmonic levels
‐
W
%
%
V
V
V
A
A
A
Hz
‐
‐
%
%
28
Equipment Faults, Diagnosis and Reporting
4. Equipment Faults, Diagnosis and
Reporting
4.1. Equipment Faults and their diagnoses using AMT
Toolkit
AMU uses a model based fault detection and diagnostics technique. In this technique, the expected dynamic behavior (model) of the three‐phase system is determined and compared with the measured dynamic behavior to monitor abnormalities. AMU first learns the system for a period of time through acquiring and processing the real‐time data from the system. The data is processed using system identification algorithms for the calculation of expected dynamic behavior and the model parameters.
AMU analyzes the frequency spectrum of the electrical signals by extracting information from the line current and voltage supplied to a motor. The variances in the stator‐rotor air gap are reflected back in the motor’s current through the air gap flux affecting the counter electromotive force. Therefore, current carries information related to both mechanical and electrical faults. Hence, faults will exhibit a change in the frequency spectrum of the current evident in specific frequencies.
AMU uses differences between the expected current obtained from the model and the actual current. These differences include only abnormalities generated by the motor.
Therefore, they are immune to the noise or harmonics present in the supply voltages. The power levels of the power spectral densities (psd) of these differences are analyzed at selected fault frequencies to determine if the equipment has existing faults. Similar to the vibration analysis fault frequencies are in general associated with the rotational speed and the line frequencies.
The power levels of the difference between measured and estimated current at fault frequencies are compared with average expected values and threshold values. If they exceed threshold values fault alarms are given at two levels; caution and high. It is recommended that these faults maintenance but should be checked for verification and corrective action should be taken at the next scheduled no later than six (6) months for caution and no later than three (3) months for high alarm levels.
The fault types are selected using the distribution of faults for medium and high voltage
motors as shown below. Hence fault frequencies corresponding to these faults are also determined.
29
Equipment Faults, Diagnosis and Reporting
Fault Distribution for low (left) and medium (right) voltage motors
As opposed to traditional vibration and current signature analysis, this approach uses a cause‐effect (input‐output) relationship and therefore is immune to the surrounding noise or noise in the inputs. Also the difference between expected and actual behavior filters out and enhances ONLY abnormalities generated by the system, which allows for earlier and more accurate warnings. The expert system approach eliminates the need for a database or record keeping, expert personnel, time‐consuming data gathering and analysis. It provides comprehensive (mechanical and electrical as well as driven system) fault coverage though it measures only voltages and currents.
AMU uses the electric motor of the equipment as a sensor. Therefore, any fault of the equipment that affects the motor or the three‐phase system is also observed by AMU.
4.2. Reporting
Artesis AMT Toolkit was developed to meet a market requirement for a portable condition assessment product that can provide simple and accurate maintenance scheduling information, without the need for interpretation by highly trained personnel. It aims to be very simple to install, set up, and operate, and to require little or no user intervention until an equipment fault is detected.
Once the AMU unit is switched on, it requires minimal user configuration before entering an automated ‘learn’ mode during which the complete normal operating condition of the connected system is established. When this is complete, after 30 minutes, the AES for AMT software creates a complete Condition Assessment Report for the connected equipment.
Unlike conventional systems, this information is provided to the user immediately without having to wait for data trends to be collected and analyzed over an extended period. This
30
Equipment Faults, Diagnosis and Reporting report identifies any existing mechanical or electrical problems and recommends corrective actions and how soon such actions should be carried out.
The report also provides measured electrical parameters such as power factor, active and reactive power, voltages, currents and their imbalances as well as harmonics. If these electrical parameters are above their expected values, warning is issued for the attention of the user. These parameters can be used to help determine efficient operation of the equipment.
Many users are aware of the connection between deteriorating condition and reduced efficiency. Excessive misalignment, voltage imbalance or mechanical unbalance can have serious impact, as can heating caused by bearing or electrical problems. For example, efficiency is dependent on pulley size, driven torque, under and over belting, V belt design and construction. Efficiency detoriates as much as 5% over time if slippage occurs. Getting the most out of your assets involves parallel improvements in both efficiency and effectiveness. Artesis condition monitoring systems now provide benefits that go beyond traditional fault diagnosis to help users deliver in both these critical areas. The report provided by the AES for AMT software considers these detoriations and informs the user. A sample report is provided below:
31
32
Equipment Faults, Diagnosis and Reporting
Equipment Faults, Diagnosis and Reporting
Sample Report with two pages including descriptions of existing faults, a chart displaying their levels, descriptions of electrical values and a table listing their values.
33
Equipment Faults, Diagnosis and Reporting
A complete list of faults, electrical parameter discovered and energy efficiency information can be seen below. Note that EEE stands for Effects on Energy Efficiency.
EQUIPMENT STATUS
NORMAL The equipment is working as expected.
WATCH EXISTING FAULTS The operation of the equipment is NORMAL although there are existing fault(s) within acceptable level(s). These faults should be checked for verification and corrective action at the next scheduled maintenance but no later than six (6) months.
Mechanical Fault Indications
Misalignment / unbalance. Check for Misalignment, unbalance, bearing, coupling, and motor shaft.
EEE: Correct shaft alignment ensures the smooth, efficient transmission of power from the motor to the driven equipment.
Transmission problem. Check for transmission element(s) coupling, driven equipment, belt, pulley, gear box, and fan / pump impeller.
EEE: Efficiency is dependent on pulley size, driven torque, under or over belting, and
V belt design and construction. Efficiency deteriorates by as much as 5% over time if slippage occurs.
Bearing Problem. Bearing(s) should be checked.
EEE: The presence of bearing defects often results in reduced efficiency, or even severe damage, of the motor under consideration.
Looseness / Foundation. Check for loose motor foundation, loose motor components, looseness or excessive tolerances in driven components.
EEE: Mechanical issues such as misalignment, physical looseness and imbalance not only adversely affect a motor’s performance and longevity but also its efficiency.
Electrical Fault Indications
Stator related problem. Check for stator, short circuit, winding slackness, isolation problems, and partial discharge.
EEE: Heating and increased resistance due to stator, rotor and other electrical faults cause deteriorating conditions and reduced efficiency.
Rotor problem. Check for cracked or loose rotor / rotor bars.
Other Faults
PSD (Power Spectral Density) plot indicates abnormalities. Faults should be identified by checking trends, PSD, and diagnostic help. Alternately email [email protected].
ELECTRICAL VALUES
WATCH ELECTRICAL VALUES Electrical values are outside of their expected range. They should be noted and watched to identify the cause.
Energy Efficiency
34
Equipment Faults, Diagnosis and Reporting
Power factor is below 0.80.If machine is working under load then low energy efficiency might have resulted from electrical faults. Otherwise monitor the equipment efficiency.
Current and Voltage
The average RMS value of the phase currents exceeds 10% of the nominal current values. Monitor for increased hot spot temperature.
Voltage variation is beyond (+/‐10%) normal limits. Its source should be determined and corrected.
Harmonic Distortion
There is high harmonic distortion. If Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is more than
5%, this causes heating, and vibration. A high third harmonic can cause heating in the stator windings. A high fifth harmonic can cause vibration. Use harmonic filter if feasible.
Current and Voltage Unbalance
Current unbalance exceeds 5%. Check for stator problems, short circuits, isolation problems, partial discharge, etc.
Voltage unbalance exceeds 2%. Voltage unbalance will cause heating and will result in current unbalance.
EEE: Voltage and current unbalance cause heat and up to 3% energy efficiency problems.
The electrical parameters, their definitions and their expected values are given below:
Power Factor: The power factor of an electric motor system is defined as the ratio of the active power (flowing to the load) to the apparent power, and is a number between 0 and
1. Active power is the capacity of the motor for performing work in a particular time.
Apparent power is the product of the current and voltage of the motor. A load with low power factor draws more current than a load with a high power factor for the same amount of useful power transferred. Because of the cost of wasted energy, electrical utilities will usually charge a higher cost to industrial or commercial customers where there is a low power factor. Software alerts the user when the power factor goes below a value of 0.8.
Active Power: The actual amount of power being used, or dissipated, by the motor is called actual power (also called real power or true power), and it is measured in Watts. Active power of the electrical motor could be obtained by summing output power and losses.
Reactive Power: Reactive loads such as inductors and capacitors dissipate zero power, yet the fact that they drop voltage and draw current gives the deceptive impression that they actually do dissipate power. This “phantom power” is called reactive power, and it is measured in a unit called Volt‐Amps‐Reactive (VAR), rather than Watts. Reactive power makes no contribution to the active power, so it cannot be utilized. The results of reactive power are the costs for the work it involves and transmission losses. Therefore, utilities may
35
Equipment Faults, Diagnosis and Reporting measure reactive power to financially penalize customers with low power factor loads. This is particularly relevant to customers operating highly inductive loads such as motors at water pumping stations.
Voltage (Vrms) and Current (Irms): The RMS (root mean square) values, Vrms (Volt) and
Irms (Amp) are the effective values of a phase voltage and a phase current. It is the equivalent steady DC (constant) value that gives the same effect. Software gives the values for the r phase of voltages and the r phase of currents. All three phases are displayed when they are plotted. Operation of a motor at voltage levels above and below the name plate values are not recommended and adversely affect the life of a motor. Software alerts the user when the voltage level is 10 % above or 10 % below the nameplate value. Similarly, operation of a motor at a current level above the nameplate value may cause hot spots that decrease the insulation system rating and its life span. Therefore, motor operation above the nameplate value is not recommended. Software alerts the user when the current level exceeds 10% of the nameplate value.
Frequency: The rate of changing direction of an alternating voltage or current is called the frequency and it is measured in hertz (Hz), which is the number of forwards backwards cycles per second. Software gives this value for information purposes and there are no upper or lower limits used for this value.
Harmonic Distortion: Harmonic distortion is the change in the waveform of the supply voltage from the ideal sinusoidal waveform. It is caused by the interaction of distorting customer loads. Its major adverse effect for induction motors is the heating in the stator windings. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the supply voltage is a measurement of the harmonic distortion present and is defined as the ratio of the sum of the powers of all harmonic components to the power of the Fundamental frequency. It is recommended that operation of equipment should be less than 5% THD present in the supply voltage. Software alerts the user if the THD is greater than 5%.
Voltage Unbalance: Unbalanced voltage will result in unbalanced currents on the order of 6 to 10 times the voltage unbalance. Consequently, the temperature rise of the motor operating at a particular load and voltage unbalance will be greater than for the motor operating under the same conditions with balanced voltages. In addition, the large unbalance of the motor currents will result in non‐uniform temperatures in the motor windings. Voltages should be evenly balanced as closely as possible. Software alerts the users when the voltage unbalance exceeds 2%.
Current Unbalance: Current unbalance of an electric motor system is defined as the percentage of the maximum deviation of phase currents from the average current. Current unbalance causes motors to overheat and lose torque. Developing short circuit faults due to the degradation of isolation materials may also cause increasing or decreasing current
36
Equipment Faults, Diagnosis and Reporting unbalance over time. Electric motors should not be operated with high current unbalance.
Software alerts the user when the current unbalance exceeds 3%.
4.3. Advance Use; Power Spectral Density
Although AMT Toolkit excels at providing the user with actionable information in a concise, practical form some advanced users choose to make use of the more complex displays that it can also provide. Power Spectral Density displays indicate the way the system has used information about the frequency content of the measured signals.
The spectral analysis using psd plots are similar to spectral analysis used in vibration analysis including fault frequencies except that the fault peaks appear as sidebands around line frequency at a distance equal to fault frequencies.
4.4. Advance Use; Waveform
In addition to Power Spectral Density displays, Waveform chart is provided to check three voltage and three current data together or separately. The figure below shows the waveform data in logarithmic psd format. Raw voltage and current data or its psd form can also be displayed.
37
38
Equipment Faults, Diagnosis and Reporting
Troubleshooting
5. Troubleshooting
5.1. Introduction
During installation and operation a number of checks should be made to ascertain whether the AMU unit is performing correctly and to determine possible causes if it is not.
5.2. Use of the AMU Config utility
5.2.1. Fault Diagnosis
A number of common problems can be diagnosed by inspection of the measured waveforms, and it is good practice to check the waveforms of each unit as part of the commissioning process. With the motor running, and power applied to AMU:
Voltage phases should have the correct RST phase relationships, separated by 120º. The current phases should be in the same order as the voltage phases and also separated by
120º. Any phase ordering, missing or duplicate phase problems should immediately be seen from the waveform display.
For star connected motors, it is essential that the phase angles between corresponding voltages and currents lie between 0 and 90º. Motors connected using the delta topology have an extra 30º phase shift and the current phase angles should lie between –30 and
+60º. In either case, check that the motor topology has correctly been entered on the AMU front panel and that the currents do indeed correspond to the correct voltages. It is important to perform this test with the motor under loaded conditions as loading can significantly affect the measured phase angle.
For delta connections check that the sensors are measuring the line rather than phase currents, (i.e. the sensor is situated on the line side of the contactor) as these differ. For star connections the two are the same.
If the amplitude of the R phase current waveform varies excessively, AMU will not be able to find stable data and will give the unstable line alarm. If the problem lies with the input signals, it should be immediately obvious by inspecting the displayed waveform. In the case of excessive variation of the R phase current amplitude, the Current Instability threshold should be incremented from its default value of 15% in steps of 5% up to a maximum value of 50% using the AMU front panel. If the variation exceeds this level, please contact Artesis.
39
Troubleshooting
NOTE
All phases should be checked for correct, clean, zero crossing.
If a waveform appears to be regular and sinusoidal over consecutive half periods, but does not cross through zero, it is likely that the zero crossing detection hardware is defective and the unit should be replaced. If however, the waveform is irregular the problem could lie with the sensors. In this case check all cabling and power supply connections. If these are satisfactory, return the unit if the problem lies with a voltage channel. For current channels, try replacing or swapping the sensor with another one. If the new sensor does not work the problem is internal to the AMU unit and it should be returned to Artesis.
If any phase has a marked difference in amplitude to other similar phases, the calibration constant for that phase should be checked. If no external sensor is attached (i.e. for low voltage motors) the calibration constant should be 1. If the calibration is correct, the sensor may be defective and should be changed.
Check the current balance levels using the AMU front panel. A value below 15% is acceptable, but above 15%, the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) on all current phases should be checked. Normal levels for THD can be up to 6% depending on conditions.
For values higher than this level check whether the distortion originates from the motor or the line, by measuring the THD present at other motors connected to the same supply. If the same level for THD is measured at other motors, the line supply is suspect and should be investigated as high levels can damage motors in the long term.
Otherwise, the motor is probably already damaged in some way and should be investigated.
Check the voltage imbalance levels using the front panel. A value below 5% is deemed satisfactory. Above this level, check the THD levels on each voltage phase. Levels above 5% should be investigated. The ability of AMU to detect faults will be reduced as voltage imbalance increases.
Check that all waveforms disappear when power is removed from the motor.
40
Troubleshooting
5.3. Servicing
AMU contains no user serviceable parts and must be returned to either Artesis or its designated agents if repair is needed.
5.4. Cleaning
Clean the display and the keypad periodically using a dry cloth. Detergents can damage the device. Do not use detergents.
41
AES for AMT Software
6. AES for AMT Software
6.1. Company and Motors
6.1.1. Company Information
Companies are listed on the left by clicking on the ‘Companies’ group or ‘Company’ menu.
‘Company’ ribbon bar
1. New Company: After clicking ‘New Company’ button, user should fill the form and click ‘Save’ button.
2. Editing: An existing company is selected from the list on the left pane. The form on the right will be filled automatically with the data of the selected company. User can make any change and click "Save" button to save company data.
3. Deleting: An existing company is selected from the list on the left pane. Then
"Delete" button is clicked to delete the company.
4. Canceling Editing: Adding or editing can be canceled by clicking ‘Cancel Editing’ button.
6.1.2. Motors
Motors can be edited using the pane below the ‘Company Information’ pane. For these operations, a company should be selected first on the left pane.
1. Adding New Motor: After clicking ‘Add New Motor’ button, user should fill the new card and click ‘Save’ button to add a motor to the selected company.
2. Editing: An existing motor card is selected from the list. User can change motor name, motor and driver types and click ‘Save’ button to save motor data.
3. Removing: An existing motor card is selected. Then ‘Remove Motor’ button is clicked to delete the motor.
4. Canceling Editing: Adding or editing can be canceled by clicking ‘Cancel Editing’ button.
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AES for AMT Software
6.2. Reports
6.2.1. Report Assignment and Viewing
Reports are listed on the left by clicking on the ‘Reports’ group or ‘Report’ menu.
‘Report’ ribbon bar
43
AES for AMT Software
1. Removing a report: Any report on the left pane can be removed by pressing ‘Delete’ key on the keyboard or by clicking ‘Remove’ button on the ‘Report’ ribbon bar.
2. Renaming a report: A report can be renamed by clicking ‘Rename’ button on ribbon bar or by right‐clicking on the report and selecting ‘Rename’ from the context menu.
A description can be added from the same popup window which is just opened to rename the report.
44
AES for AMT Software
3. Adding custom text: Custom text on the report can be added or edited by clicking
‘Edit Custom Text’ button on ribbon bar or by right‐clicking on the report and selecting ‘Edit Custom Text’ from the context menu.
45
4. Assigning a waveform file: A text based waveform file can be assigned by clicking
‘Assign Waveform File’ button on ribbon bar or by right‐clicking on the report and selecting ‘Assign Waveform File’ from the context menu.
5. Viewing a report: A report can be viewed by double‐clicking on it. The report will appear on the right pane.
6. Exporting a report: A report can be exported as pdf file, e‐mailed as attachment or previewed to print using the ‘Export’, ‘E‐Mail’, and ‘Preview and Print’ buttons on
the ribbon bar, respectively.
AES for AMT Software
6.2.2. PSD
The PSD chart of the report data can be viewed by clicking ‘PSD’ tab on the right.
46
AES for AMT Software
6.2.3. Waveform
The waveform of the report data is plotted in ‘VI Waveform’ tab on the right. Three voltage and three current data can be viewed in time domain, frequency domain or logarithmic frequency domain, together or separately.
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AES for AMT Software
6.2.4. New Report from DB
To create a new report, ‘New Report from DB’ button is clicked. The AMU devices and their data are listed. The data is selected and dragged from the list and dropped into the related company’s motor on the left pane. New report will be added to the sub list of that motor.
6.3. Settings
6.3.1. License
License information can be viewed or changed by clicking ‘License’ button on the 'Settings' ribbon bar. AMT Toolkit software has single license which means the software cannot be
48
AES for AMT Software installed to another computer with the same registration code. There are three types of licenses.
Trial (Counter) License: In this mode, the user has a finite number of licenses. This number is decremented when the user is viewed a report that is not previously viewed. It is not decremented if the user viewed the same report later. To increase the number of licenses, please contact to Artesis by phone or email.
Unlimited License: If the software mode is set to unlimited, it can be used without any limitation of number of licenses. To change the license mode to unlimited, the code no on license form should be sent to Artesis. An activation password will be sent back which is supposed to be copied to 'Password' field and 'Activate' button should be clicked. If you do not want to wait the email including the activation password, you should click 'Activate
Later' button.
Invalid License: When the number of licenses is decremented to zero, the mode of the license is changed to this mode. More reports cannot be generated. Hence the number of licenses should be increased.
License status of the software appears all the time on the status bar at the right bottom of the user interface.
49
Appendices
7. Appendices
7.1. Appendix 1: AMU Error, alarm and warning conditions
7.1.1. Error Conditions
Format First Byte
Second Byte
Minor code
Error type
Error
Number
Error type
0x010000
Memory allocation error
0x020000
General error
0x040000
Zero division
The dynamic memory manager failed in a request to allocate a block of memory
An unexpected or general error occurred
The algorithm attempted to perform a division by zero
Description
0x080000 Flash Write There was an error attempting to write to flash
0x100000
Illegal square root
The algorithm attempted to form the square root of a negative number
0x200000
Initialization error
Initialization was not properly finished, or an error occurred
0x400000
No data error
There is no data present
0x800000
Data acquisition error
An error occurred during data acquisition causing insufficient data to be acquired
0x01000000
Parameter error An illegal value was calculated for an algorithm parameter
0x02000000 Flash error An attempt to read or write from the flash RAM gave an error indicating a faulty flash. The device can only be restarted by removing power and performing a general reset
0x04000000 Cluster error
0x08000000
Flash data error
An illegal cluster value was detected.
Data stored in the flash RAM is corrupted and cannot be used. This error is generated during both learn and test modes following an attempt by the algorithm to recover from another fault
0x10000000
Stability error
Clusters used by the algorithm are inherently unstable
0x20000000 Voltage range
An illegal voltage value was detected
50
Appendices
Error
Number
Error type
error
Description
7.1.2. Alarm Conditions
Alarm
Number
0x0001
Alarm type
0x0002
0x0004
0x0008
0x0010
0x0020
0x0040
0x0080
0x0100
0x0200
0x0400
0x0800
0x1000
0x2000
0x4000
0x8000
0x10000
0x20000
0x40000
Description
Voltage balance
Voltage phase imbalance exceeds the set threshold
Current balance
Voltage range Ch1
Voltage range Ch2
Voltage range Ch3
No voltage Ch1
No voltage Ch2
Power fault
Unstable line
General fault
Phase ordering
Phase fault
Current phase imbalance exceeds the set threshold
Voltage greater than the upper threshold
Voltage greater than the upper threshold
Voltage greater than the upper threshold
Voltage less than acceptable (No voltage) limit
Voltage less than acceptable (No voltage) limit
No voltage Ch3
High current Ch1
Voltage less than acceptable (No voltage) limit
Current exceeds upper threshold limit
Current exceeds upper threshold limit
High current Ch2
High current Ch3 Current exceeds upper threshold limit
Motor not running All currents were measured below their acceptable (No current) limits
Motor connection fault
One or more currents were measured below their acceptable limits
Line fault One or two voltage phases were compatible with zero (below No voltage limit)
All the voltage phases were compatible with zero
(below No voltage limit)
The power lines were not sufficiently stable to allow the algorithm to obtain data (amplitude and frequency variations of current and voltage were excessive)
General fault consisting of one or more of:
No data obtained, no zero crossings detected, perfect phase balance (voltage or current)
The phase ordering used by AMU is incorrect and must be rectified.
Voltage phase angles incompatible with 120º
51
52
Appendices
Alarm
Number
Alarm type Description
were detected
0x80000
Phase angle The measured phase angle between corresponding voltage and current channels was not in the range: 0 <= <= /2
0x100000
Current phase fault The ordering of the current phases was different to that of the voltage phases or the angle between two phases was not 120º
0x200000
Data acquisition fault
Division by zero was attempted during data acquisition
0x400000
Range error An illegal value was detected for one or more of the following quantities during data acquisition:
Calibration constants, balance values, admittance, estimated physical parameters
0x800000
Frequency range (CHECK MOTOR and LEARN only). The measured frequency differed from the nominal value. During the learning period, AMU learns the motor only at the dominant frequency. In inverter driven systems, it is important to set the nominal frequency to this dominant frequency otherwise,
AMU may never complete the learning period.
This condition is relaxed during normal monitoring
(IMPROVE and UPDATE) where unlearned frequencies are updated automatically
0x1000000
Frequency tolerance Illegal value for the mean frequency (IMPROVE,
UPDATE and
MONITOR)
0x2000000 Noisy data
The estimated admittance is inconsistent with the measured RMS values for voltage and current.
This usually indicates excessive noise in the data
Appendices
7.1.3. Warning Conditions
Warning
Number
0x01
Warning Type
Test frequency range
0x02
Residual error
0x04
0x08
0x10
Data size reset
Phase ordering
Unstable system
Description
(MONITOR, IMPROVE, UPDATE only) The measured frequency was different than (i.e. outside the threshold of) the LEARN frequency
An unexpectedly large value was calculated for the modeling error. This is generally an indication of an unstable line condition and will usually pass
Values for some quantities were checked and found to be outside their allowable limits. The values were reset to the upper or lower limits
Phase ordering is different from the values set
Instability was detected for the system
53
Appendices
7.2. Appendix 2: Current and voltage transformer selection
Voltage transformers and current transformer must meet local standards and regulations. For North America, current and voltage transformers must be certified
by an OSHA appointed NRTL to appropriate UL or CSA ‐ product safety standards.
When selecting a current transformer, both the maximum current the motor will handle in practice and the type of motor drive used should be considered. Systems employing an inverter will generally limit initial inrush to a maximum of about 150%
of nominal current.
With a soft‐starter system this limit will probably be 400%. Transformers must be
able to withstand the maximum expected inrush currents and should be selected accordingly.
Transformers should be selected such that the nominal motor values for current and voltage are minimum 70% of the corresponding sensor rating Failure to do so will
result in a loss of sensitivity and the ability of AMU to detect motor degradation or change.
Current transformers should be 1% accurate or better. The secondary current should be either 5A for 5A AMU units or should be 1A for 1A AMU units. The secondary of the current transformer has to be SELV.
Current transformers frequency should be selected according to output frequency of the inverter driven system. Output frequency has to be within the range of current transformers’ frequency.
Voltage transformers should be 1% accurate or better with 100V, 110V, or 120V secondary voltage.
54
Appendices
7.3. Appendix 3: Connection Diagrams for AMT Toolkit
7.3.1. Low voltage line driven motors with current transformers
55
Appendices
7.3.2. Low voltage inverter driven motors with current transformers
7.3.3. Low voltage line driven star/delta connected motors
56
7.3.4. SoftStarter
Appendices
R S T
SOFT STARTER
R S T
BY PASS CONTACTOR
57
V
1
V
2
V
3
I
11
I
12
I
21
I
22
I
31
I
32
AMT
Tookit
Ground
Phase
Neutral
1A
U V
3 ~
Induction
Motor
W
Appendices
7.4. Appendix 4: Menu settings and parameters of AMU
Unit
AMU menu is password protected and the default password for the menu is "m".
The default password can be changed from the AMU menu.
58
Appendices
7.5. Appendix 5: Edit Settings Menu items
Edit
Settings
Menu
Group
Motor
Values
Submenu items
Admittance
Description Type
Phase angle
Power factor
Active power
Voltage balance %
Current balance
%
RMS Voltage
1
RMS Voltage
2
RMS Voltage
3
RMS Current
1
Range
Ratio of RMS current to voltage
Angle between V
1 and I
1
channels in degrees ()
Cosine of phase angle between V
1
and I
1
channels (Cos )
V*I* Cos
Display only
Display only
Display only
Display only
Display only
Calculated based on
NEMA (National
Electrical
Manufacturers
Association) definition. A measure of imbalance between phases (0 = perfect balance)
Calculated based on
NEMA (National
Electrical
Manufacturers
Association) definition.
A measure of imbalance between phases (0 = perfect balance)
Measured RMS quantities for each input channel
Display only
Display only
Display only
Display only
Display only
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
59
Default
Value
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
60
Edit
Settings
Menu
Group
Submenu items
Description Type Range
Appendices
Default
Value
Harmonic
Values
Comm.
Settings
RMS Current
2
RMS Current
3
Line frequency
Display only
Display only
Display only
Phase ordering
Measured line frequency
The observed order of the connections relative to the V
1
input channel
Display only
Lower case voltage, upper case current.
THD %
Total harmonic distortion of the selected input channel
Display only
1 st
Harmonic
%
3 rd
Harmonic
%
5 th
Harmonic
%
7 th
Harmonic
%
9 th
Harmonic
%
11 th
Harmonic
%
13 th
Harmonic
%
Signal Select
Harmonic contents of the selected input channel
The input channel selected for harmonic measurements
Harmonic calc Switch harmonic calculations On/Off
Device address
Networking address
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Display only
Display only
Display only
Display only
Display only
Display only
Display only
Edit/
Display
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
V
1
/V
2
/V
3
I
1
/I
2
/I
3
1‐255
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
I
1
ON/OFF ON
0
61
Edit
Settings
Menu
Group
Submenu items
Description Type
Motor
Settings
Baud rate
Parity
Data bits
Stop bits
Communications bit transfer speed
Parity check
Number of bits containing data
Response delay
Nominal voltage
Number of bits indicating end of transmitted frame
Delay (in ms) before
AMU will respond to an input command.
Nominal motor phase
– neutral working voltage
Nominal current
Nominal frequency
Nominal motor working current
Nominal line frequency or most common inverter operating frequency
Nominal RPM
Nominal angular speed of the motor
Connection type
Motor connection type under normal running conditions
Motor serial #
Optional identifier
Calibration V channel 1 Calibration factors
V channel 2
V channel 3
I channel 1
I channel 2 for each input channel sensor
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
0 – 32000 rpm
1500
Star/Delta Star
‐
Range
300‐38400
19200
Even/Odd
Even
7/8/9
1/2
0 – 9
0.1 –
500000
VAC
0.1‐ 30000
A
5 –
120 Hz
0.1‐
999999
0.1‐
999999
0.1‐
999999
0.1‐
999999
0.1‐
999999
8
2
0
Appendices
Default
Value
230 VAC
300 A
50 Hz m000
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
62
Edit
Settings
Menu
Group
Submenu items
Description Type
I channel 3
Alarm
Thresholds
Current balance
%
Voltage balance %
Voltage range
%
Maximum permitted current imbalance
Maximum permitted voltage imbalance
Maximum permitted voltage upper limit
(as % above nominal)
Max
Current%
Maximum permitted current upper limit
(as % above nominal)
Low voltage % Minimum acceptable level below which voltage is considered to be zero for line and power fault alarms (as % of nominal)
Low current
Minimum acceptable level below which current is considered to be zero for motor not running alarm (as
% of nominal)
Current
Instability
Threshold for current variation during data acquisition. If the current variation exceeds this value, the line is considered to be unstable
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Range
0.1‐
999999
0 –100
0 –100
0 –100
0 –100
0 –100
1.0
60
50
90
90
20
0‐100 %
20
0‐100 %
45
Appendices
Default
Value
63
Edit
Settings
Menu
Group
Submenu items
Description Type
Versions
Run
Settings
Load threshold
Firmware version
Database version
Algorithm
Hardware version
Type
Flash
Used by the phase ordering algorithm to set the loading threshold. If the ratio of actual current to nominal current is more than the value of the Load threshold
(in %) then the motor is considered to be working under load and the appropriate phase ordering selected.
Otherwise the motor is assumed to be unloaded
Release version of unit
Database version for remote monitoring
Algorithm version
Hardware version information
Line or Inverter versions
Flash type
Edit/
Display
Display only
Display only
Display only
Display only
Display only
Display only
Display only
Power range
Whether the unit works with low (<~
700V) Or medium/high voltage motors
Crystal freq
System clock frequency (MHz)
Learn iterations
Number of iterations used in
LEARN
Display only
Edit/
Display
Range
Appendices
Default
Value
0‐100 %
30
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
4 – 20000
400
64
Edit
Settings
Menu
Group
Submenu items
Improve iterations
Update iterations
Flash save rate
Description Type Range
Appendices
Default
Value
Number of iterations used in
IMPROVE
Number of iterations used for
UPDATE
Number of iterations after which the flash will be automatically updated with new data. If the device is operating in a noisy environment, this value should be set to a low number to ensure minimal loss of data due to power outages, and resets etc.
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
1 ‐ 20000
12000
10 –
20000
1 – 1000
1500
100
65
Edit
Settings
Menu
Group
Submenu items
Description Type Range
Appendices
Default
Value
Local lockout
Relay threshold
Requires that passwords be supplied prior to entering all operating modes In IMPROVE/
UPDATE/
MONITOR modes only, the output relay can be set to close on the rising edge of a transition above the set fault level. The relay can be reset by selecting either
Acknowledge or
Reset relay.
Acknowledge will cause the relay to close only when the current state is exceeded while
Reset will allow the relay to close at the end of the current iteration when if the condition has not been cleared
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
ON/OFF
OFF
WLoad?
Examine1
Examine2
OFF
OFF
66
Edit
Settings
Menu
Group
Phase
Ordering
Change password
Submenu items
Description Type Range
Appendices
Default
Value
Phase override
Override the phase ordering determined automatically
AMU during
CHECK MOTOR. If set, the order can be changed manually from the following item
Phase order The current phase ordering. Voltages are RST, currents rst.
Preceding + or – indicates inversion
(180º phase shift).
Use UP/DOWN to edit phase at cursor
Set a new password
Edit/
Display
Edit/
Display
ON/OFF
OFF
N/A
N/A
7.6. Appendix 6: Flowcharts for AMU use
7.6.1. Running AMU: Edit Settings and Check Motor
Appendices
67
7.6.2. Running AMU: Learn
Appendices
68
7.6.3. Running AMU: MONITOR / IMPROVE / UPDATE
Appendices
69
7.6.4. Running AMU: Alarm conditions
Appendices
70
Appendices
71
Appendices
72
Appendices
7.7. Appendix 7: Technical Specifications of AMT Toolkit
GENERAL INFORMATION
Net Weight
Device Dimensions (W x H x L)
Mounting
AMBIENT CONDITIONS
Operating Temperature
Humidity
Pollution Degree
Altitude
18 kg (39 lb)
550x310x190 mm
(21.6x12.2x7.5 in)
Portable (indoor use)
0‐40°C (32‐104 °F)
90%, non‐condensing
2
2000 m (6562 ft)
INPUT SUPPLY VOLTAGE
The power supply voltage must be connected to the AMU unit
Via a UL listed fuse 15A
Over voltage category CAT II
Voltage
100‐240VAC 50/60Hz, (Use UL listed 15A fuse with proper voltage ratings)
73
Appendices
7.8. Appendix 8: Technical Specifications of AMU Unit
GENERAL INFORMATION
Net Weight
Device Dimensions (W x H x L)
Mounting
Relay Contact Rating
Current Connector Wire Gauge
1170g (Inverter models 980g)
2.58lb (Inverter models 2.16lb)
90x90x140 mm (3.54x3.54x5.67 in)
Front Panel Mounting (indoor use)
30VDC, 2A, SELV
Minimum: 30 AWG, Maximum: 12 AWG
Current Connector Screw Torque Minimum: 0.5Nm (4.4 lb‐in)
Maximum: 0.6Nm (5.3 lb‐in)
Minimum: 30 AWG, Maximum: 12 AWG Voltage Connector Wire Gauge
Voltage Connector Screw Torque Minimum: 0.5Nm (4.4 lb‐in)
Maximum: 0.6Nm (5.3 lb‐in)
Minimum: 30 AWG, Maximum: 12 AWG Power Supply Connector Wire Gauge
Power Supply Connector Screw Torque Minimum: 0.5Nm (4.4 lb‐in)
Maximum: 0.6Nm (5.3 lb‐in)
Cables of Rear Connectors Cables must be suitable for minimum 80°C
(176°F)
AMBIENT CONDITIONS
Operating Temperature
Humidity
Pollution Degree
Altitude
IP Rating Front
0‐40°C (32‐104 °F)
2
2000 m (6562 ft)
90%, non‐condensing
40 (whole unit IP20)
INPUT SUPPLY VOLTAGE
The power supply voltage must be connected to the AMU unit
Via a UL listed fuse 15A
CAT II
Over voltage category
Voltage
100‐240VAC (‐15%+10%), 47‐64Hz, 19VA,
200mA (Use UL listed 15A fuse with proper voltage ratings)
120‐300VDC, 19VA, 200mA (Use UL listed 15A fuse with proper voltage ratings)
74
Appendices
VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT
Voltage transformers must meet local standards and regulations. For North America, current and voltage transformers must be certified by an OSHA appointed NRTL to appropriate UL or CSA ‐ product safety standards. Only SELV voltage transformers must be used with AMU units.
Over Voltage Category CAT II
Impedance
3.5MOhm/Phase‐to‐Phase
Quantity Nominal Minimum Maximum
Measurable
Voltage
Frequency
480/277
50/60
20
25
520/300
90
Maximum
Permissible
606/350
90
Units
VAC
Hz
CURRENT MEASUREMENT
Current transformer and current sensors must meet local standards and regulations.
For North America, current and voltage transformers must be certified by an OSHA
appointed NRTL to appropriate UL or CSA ‐ product safety standards.
Max. 250VAC, CAT II for 5A and 1A units.
Over Voltage
Category
CAT II
Quantity Nominal Minimum Units
Current
5
1
0.2
0.04
Maximum
Measurable
7
1.4
Maximum
Permissible
20
(For 5 s)
4
(For 5 s)
A
A
Impedance
(Approx.)
15.3 mOhm
50 mOhm
75
Appendices
7.9. Appendix 9: Compliance and Certification of AMU Unit
(Artesis MCM)
EMC
Europe EMC Directive
2004/108/EC
Australia/New Zealand C‐tick
EN 61326‐1 Immunity for
Industrial Environments
EN 61326‐1 Emissions for
Industrial Environments
IEC EN 61326‐1 Immunity for Industrial
Environments
IEC EN 61326‐1 Emissions for Industrial
Environments
Electrical Safety
Europe
Australia/New Zealand
North America
Electrical Safety Directive
2006/95/EC
C‐tick
EN 61010‐1 Safety
Requirements for
Electrical Equipment
IEC 61010‐1 Safety
Requirements for
Electrical Equipment
UL Listed, Canada and US UL 61010‐1 Safety
Requirements for
Electrical Equipment
76

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Key features
- Monitor three-phase motors
- Generate condition assessment reports
- Identify faults
- Improve energy efficiency
- Easy installation and use