Gossen Metrawatt METRAHIT ENERGY TRMS System Multimeter Operating Instructions
Below you will find brief information for TRMS System Multimeter METRAHIT ENERGY. The METRAHIT ENERGY is a portable device that can be used for various electrical measurements, including voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, frequency, temperature, and power. It also features a data logging function and a continuous transmission mode for use with a PC interface. The device is equipped with an automatic range selection feature, and the user can manually select the measuring range when necessary. The METRAHIT ENERGY is specifically designed for use in building installations and power sources for low-voltage installations. You can record and analyze power disturbances and perform harmonic analysis with this device.
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Operating Instructions
METRAHIT
⏐
E
NERGY
TRMS System Multimeter
3-349-576-03
5/3.15
Standard Equipment – Contact Persons
Scope of Delivery
1 TRMS system multimeter METRAHIT ENERGY (M249A)
1 KS29 measurement cable set (Z229A)
2 Batteries
1 Condensed operating instructions
1 CD ROM (with operating instructions, data sheet and more)
1 DAkkS calibration certificate
1 Rubber holster and carrying strap
Overview of Features included
Function
Power measurement
Energy measurement
W (Var, VA, PF)
Wh (varh, VAh)
Events recording
Power disturbance recording
DC / AC events
PQ
Harmonic analysis
Voltage (Ri ≥ 17 MΩ) V
DC
Voltage (Ri
≥ 9 MΩ) V
Voltage (Ri
≥ 9 ... 17 MΩ) V
Crest factor (1
≤ CF ≤ 11)
AC
TRMS
AC+DC
3
TRMS
Frequency in Hz with V
Low-pass filter
AC
V, A
... 300 kHz
1 kHz with VAC
Bandwidth for V
AC+DC
or V
AC
Pulse frequency in MHz at 5V TTL
Duty cycle as %
100 kHz
1 Hz...1 MHz
2.0% ... 98%
Voltage level measurement in dB
Resistance
3
Ω
Conductivity nS
Low-resistance measurement where I
CONST
= 3 mA
R
SL
Function
Continuity test where I
CONST
= 1 mA
Diode test where I
CONST
= 1 mA
Temperature °C/°F with T
C
Temperature °C/°F R
TD
Capacitance in F
Cable length in m
Current
3
3
Type K
Pt100/Pt1000
3
3
Bandwidth for A
AC+DC
or A
AC
Frequency in Hz for A
AC
Current clamp measurement with adjustable transformation ratio
A
DC
A
AC
TRMS
A
AC+DC
TRMS
10 kHz
... 60 kHz
mV / A
mA / A
Relative value measurement
(ref. value measurement)
ΔREL
Zero point
Data logger function
1
(memory)
Min-Max / data hold
IR interface (38.4 kBd)
Power pack socket
3
3
16 MBit
3
3
3
Rubber holster
Fuse
Protection
3
3
10 A / 1000 V
IP 52
Measuring Category 600 V CAT III
300 V CAT IV
3 DAkkS calibration certificate
1
16 Mbit = 2048 kByte = up to 300,000 measured values, sampling rate adjustable from 0.5 second to 9 hours
2 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Standard Equipment – Contact Persons
Accessories (sensors, plug inserts, adapters, consumable materials)
The accessories available for your instrument are checked for compliance with currently valid safety regulations at regular intervals, and are amended as required for new applications. Currently up-to-date accessories which are suitable for your measuring instrument are listed at the following web address along with photo, order number, description and, depending upon the scope of the respective accessory, data sheet and operating instructions: www.gossenmetrawatt.com
Product Support
Technical queries
(use, operation, software registration)
If required please contact:
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Product Support Hotline
Phone: +49 911 8602-0
Fax: +49 911 8602-709 e-mail [email protected]
See also section 10 on page 89.
Software Enabling for METRAwin10 (as of version 6.xx)
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Front Office
Phone: +49 911 8602-111 e-mail [email protected]
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 3
Standard Equipment – Contact Persons
Recalibration Service
Our service center calibrates and recalibrates (e.g. after one year as part of your test equipment monitoring system, prior to use etc.) all instruments from GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH and other manufacturers, and offers free test equipment management.
Repair and Replacement Parts Service
Calibration Center* and Rental Instrument Service
If required please contact:
GMC-I Service GmbH
Service Center
Thomas-Mann-Str. 20
90471 Nürnberg, Germany
Phone: +49 911 817718-0
Competent Partner
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH is certified in accordance with
DIN EN ISO 9001:2008.
Our DAkkS calibration laboratory is accredited by the Deutsche
Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH (National accreditation body for the
Federal Republic of Germany) in accordance with DIN EN ISO/
IEC 17025:2005 under registration number D-K-15080-01-01.
We offer a complete range of expertise in the field of metrology: from test reports and proprietary calibration certificates right on up to
DAkkS calibration certificates.
Our spectrum of offerings is rounded out with free test equipment management.
As a full service calibration laboratory, we can calibrate instruments from other manufacturers as well.
e-mail: [email protected]
www.gmci-service.com
This address is only valid in Germany. Please contact our representatives or subsidiaries for service in other countries.
* DAkkS Calibration laboratory for measured electrical quantities,
D-K-15080-01-01, accredited in accordance with
DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005
Accredited quantities: direct voltage, direct current value, direct current resistance, alternating voltage, alternating current value, AC active power, AC apparent power, DC power, capacitance, frequency, temperature
4 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Table of Contents
Contents
1 Safety Features and Precautions ........................................ 7
Use for Intended Purpose ................................................................. 9
Meanings of Danger Symbols ........................................................... 9
Meanings of Acoustic Warning Signals .............................................. 9
Inserting Batteries or Rechargeable Batteries ................................... 14
Switching the Instrument On ........................................................... 14
Setting the Operating Parameters ................................................... 14
Switching the Instrument Off .......................................................... 15
Page Contents
Operating Overview – Connections, Keys, Rotary Switch, Symbols . 10
Initial Start-Up ................................................................... 14
Control Functions .............................................................. 16
Selecting Measuring Functions and Measuring Ranges .................... 16
4.1.1 Automatic Measuring Range Selection (auto-ranging) ....................... 16
4.1.2 Manual Measuring Range Selection ................................................ 16
4.1.4 Quick Measurements (MAN or DATA function) ................................. 18
Zero Offset / Relative Measurements – ZERO/Delta REL Function ..... 18
Display (LCD) ................................................................................. 19
Measured Value Storage: DATA (auto-hold / compare) ..................... 20
4.4.1 Saving Minimum and Maximum Values – Min/Max Function ............. 21
Measurement Data Recording – Memory Mode Operation, STORE Menu
Function ........................................................................................ 22
4.5.1 Rapid Momentary Value Acquisition for U DC and I DC ..................... 24
4.5.2 Power and Energy Measurement in the Memory Mode ..................... 24
Page
Measurements ..................................................................25
Voltage Measurement .................................................................... 25
5.1.1 Direct Voltage, Pulsating Voltage and Crest Factor Measurement
– V DC, V (DC+AC) and CF ............................................................ 26
5.1.3 Mains Monitoring / Mains Disturbance Recording – PQ .................... 33
5.1.4 Mains Disturbance Recording in Memory Mode Operation ................ 35
5.1.5 Harmonic Analysis (voltage measurement) ..................................... 36
5.1.6 Frequency and Duty Cycle Measurement ........................................ 38
Resistance, Conductivity and Low-Resistance Measurement ............ 39
5.2.1 Conductivity Measurement ............................................................. 40
5.2.2 Low-Resistance Measurement with Constant Current (RPE) .............. 40
Continuity Test with Constant Current of 1 mA ............................... 41
Diode Testing with Constant Current of 1 mA ................................. 42
Temperature Measurement ............................................................ 43
5.5.1 Measurement with Thermocouples, Temp TC .................................. 43
5.5.2 Measurement with Resistance Sensors ........................................... 44
Measuring Capacitance and Cable Length in km ............................ 45
5.6.1 Cable Length Measurement in m .................................................... 46
Measurement of Active, Apparent and Reactive power – W, VA, VAr
Measurement of Active, Apparent and Reactive Energy – Wh, VAh, VArh 47
Current measurement .................................................................... 52
5.8.1 Direct Current Measurement .......................................................... 53
5.8.2 Current Measurement with Current Clamp Sensor ........................... 56
5.8.3 Current Measurement with Current Clamp Transformer ................... 58
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 5
Table of Contents
Contents
6 Device and Measuring Parameters .................................. 60
Paths to the Various Parameters ....................................................61
List of all Parameters, Main Menus and Submenus .........................62
Querying Parameters – InFo Menu (as moving letters) ................63
Entering Parameters – SETUP Menu ................................................64
6.4.1 SYSTEM Submenu .........................................................................64
6.4.2 EVEntS Submenu ...........................................................................65
6.4.3 General Parameters ........................................................................66
6.4.4 EnErGY Submenu ...........................................................................68
6.4.5 MAinS Submenu ............................................................................69
6.4.6 HArM Submenu ..............................................................................71
6.4.7 StorE Submenu – Parameters for Memory Mode Operation ...............72
Default Settings (factory settings) – Reset ........................................74
Page Contents Page
10 Accessories ...................................................................... 89
10.2 Technical Data for Measurement Cables
(KS17-2 safety cable set included with instrument) ..........................89
10.3 NA X-TRA Power Pack (Z218G: not included) ...................................89
10.4 PMA 16 Power Measuring Adapter (Z228A: not included) .................90
10.5 Interface Accessories (not included) ................................................90
Index ................................................................................. 95
7 Interface Operation ........................................................... 75
Activating the Continuous Transmission Mode ..................................75
Configuring Interface Parameters ....................................................76
8 Technical Data .................................................................. 77
9 Maintenance and Calibration ........................................... 85
Displays – Error Messages .............................................................85
Batteries ........................................................................................85
Housing Maintenance .....................................................................87
Return and Environmentally Sound Disposal .....................................87
Recalibration ..................................................................................87
Manufacturer’s Guarantee ..............................................................88
6 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Safety Precautions
1 Safety Features and Precautions
You have selected an instrument which provides you with high levels of safety.
This instrument fulfills all requirements of applicable European and national EC directives. We confirm this with the CE mark. The relevant declaration of conformity can be obtained from GMC-I
Messtechnik GmbH.
The TRMS digital multimeter has been manufactured and tested in accordance with the following safety regulations:
IEC 61010–1:2001 / DIN EN 61010–1/VDE 0411–1:2002. When
used for its intended purpose (see page 9), safety of the operator,
as well as that of the instrument, is assured. Their safety is however not guaranteed, if the instrument is used improperly or handled carelessly.
In order to maintain flawless technical safety conditions, and to assure safe use, it is imperative that you read the operating instructions thoroughly and carefully before placing your instrument into service, and that you follow all instructions contained therein.
The multimeter is equipped with an automatic socket blocking mechanism for your safety, and in order to safeguard your instrument. This mechanism is linked to the rotary switch and only allows access to those jacks which are actually required for the selected function (exception: the voltage jack is open during current measurement, but a visible red ring warns the user of possible incorrect connection). The socket blocking mechanism also prevents the user from turning the rotary switch to impermissible functions after the measurement cables have already been plugged in.
If dangerous voltages are applied in the high-impedance voltage measuring functions (switch position V or PQ), switching to lowimpedance measuring functions (switch position MHz, Ω, continuity, temperature or capacitance) causes “HiVoLt” to appear at the display and the respective measurement is disabled.
Hazardous contact voltages are not detected when the ohm or capacitance measurement is selected.
If the instrument switches itself off in the event that hazardous contact voltage is applied (only possible during memory mode operation), the high-voltage warning symbol remains visible at the display.
Measuring Categories and their Significance per IEC 61010-1
CAT
I
II
III
Definition
Measurements in electrical circuits which are not directly connected to the mains, e.g. electrical systems in motor vehicles and aircraft, batteries etc.
Measurements in electrical circuits which are directly connected to the lowvoltage mains via plug, e.g. in household, office and laboratory applications etc.
Measurements in building installations: Stationary consumers, distributor terminals, devices connected permanently to the distributor
IV
Measurements at power sources for low-voltage installations: meters, mains terminals, primary overvoltage protection devices
The measuring category and the associated maximum rated voltage which are printed on the device apply to your measuring instrument, e.g. 600 V CAT III.
Refer to section 10.2 regarding use of the measurement cables.
Observe the following safety precautions:
• The multimeter may not be used in potentially explosive atmospheres.
• The multimeter may only be operated by persons who are capable of recognizing contact hazards and taking the appropriate safety precautions. Contact hazards according to the standard exist anywhere, where voltages of greater than 33 V TRMS or
70 V DC may occur. Avoid working alone when taking measurements which involve contact hazards. Be certain that a second person is present.
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 7
Safety Precautions
• Maximum permissible voltage between the voltage measuring sockets or all connector sockets and ground is 600 V for measuring category III and 300 V for measuring category IV.
• Be aware of the fact that dangerous voltage peaks with significant frequency components of greater than 1 kHz are not displayed when the low-pass filter is activated. We recommend measuring voltage without the low-pass filter first, in order to be able to detect any dangerous voltages.
• Be prepared for the occurrence of unexpected voltages at devices under test (e.g. defective devices). For example, capacitors may be dangerously charged.
• Make certain that the measurement cables are in flawless condition, e.g. no damage to insulation, no interruptions in cables or plugs etc.
• No measurements may be made with this instrument in electrical circuits with corona discharge (high-voltage).
• Special care is required when measurements are made in HF electrical circuits. Dangerous pulsating voltages may be present.
• Measurements under moist ambient conditions or with an instrument with condensation are not permissible
• Be absolutely certain that the measuring ranges are not overloaded beyond their allowable capacities. Limit values are in-
cluded in section 8, “Technical Data”, in the table entitled
“Measuring Functions and Measuring Ranges” in the “Overload Capacity” column.
• The multimeter may only be operated with installed batteries or rechargeable batteries. Dangerous currents and voltages are otherwise not indicated, and the instrument may be damaged.
• The instrument may not be operated if the fuse cover or the battery compartment lid has been removed, or if its housing is open.
• The input for the current measuring range is equipped with a
fuse link. Use specified fuses only (see page 84)! The fuse
must have a breaking capacity of at least 30 kA.
• Observe optical and acoustic warning signals (see section 1.2 and section 1.3).
Opening of Equipment / Repair
The equipment may be opened only by authorized service personnel to ensure the safe and correct operation of the equipment and to keep the warranty valid.
Even original spare parts may be installed only by authorized service personnel.
In case the equipment was opened by unauthorized personnel, no warranty regarding personal safety, measurement accuracy, conformity with applicable safety measures or any consequential damage is granted by the manufacturer.
Repair and Parts Replacement
When the instrument is opened, voltage conducting parts may be exposed. The instrument must be disconnected from the measuring circuit before performing repairs or replacing parts. If repair of a live open instrument is required, it may only be carried out by trained personnel who are familiar with the dangers involved.
8 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Safety Precautions
Defects and Extraordinary Strains
If it may be assumed that the instrument can no longer be operated safely, it must be removed from service and secured against unintentional use.
Safe operation can no longer be relied upon:
• If the device demonstrates visible damage
• If the instrument no longer functions, or if malfunctioning occurs
• After long periods of storage under unfavorable conditions (e.g.
humidity, dust or extreme temperature (see “Ambient Conditions” on page 84).
1.1
Use for Intended Purpose
• The multimeter is a portable device which can be held in the hand during the performance of measurements.
• Only those types of measurements described in section 5 may
be performed with the measuring instrument.
• The measuring instrument, including measurement cables and plug-on test probes, may only be utilized up to the maximum
specified measuring category (see page 84 and the table on
page 7 regarding significance).
• Overload limits may not be exceeded. See technical data on
page 77 for overload values and overload limits.
• Measurements may only be performed under the specified
ambient conditions. See page 84 regarding operating temper-
ature range and relative humidity.
• The measuring instrument may only be used in accordance
with the specified degree of protection (IP code) (see page 84).
1.2
Meanings of Danger Symbols
!
Note
Warning at the display regarding dangerous contact voltage
at the voltage measuring input (jacks 8 and 10, see page 10):
U > 30 V AC or U > 35 V DC
For safety reasons, the instrument cannot be switched off when dangerous contact voltages are being applied.
Note
Warning concerning a source of danger
(attention: observe documentation!)
Electrical discharge or high frequency interference may cause incorrect displays to appear. To reset the instrument,
switch it off and then back on again. See also section 6.5
with regard to restoring the factory settings.
1.3
Meanings of Acoustic Warning Signals
Voltage warning: > 600 V (intermittent acoustic signal)
Current warning: > 10 A (intermittent acoustic signal)
Current warning: > 16 A (continuous acoustic signal)
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 9
Operating Overview – Connections, Keys, Rotary Switch, Symbols
2 Operating Overview – Connections, Keys, Rotary Switch, Symbols
15
←
16
*
← 14
← 13
← 12
←
11
10
←
10
Max. 600 V!
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
*
1 Display (LCD) (see page 12 for significance of symbols)
2 MAN/AUTO: shift key for manual/automatic measuring range selection
Increase parameter values
Operating mode menu: selection of indiv. menu entries against direction of flow
3 ON / OFF | LIGHT: key for switching device and display illumination on and off
4 FUNC | ENTER Multifunction key
Operating mode menu: acknowledge entry (ENTER)
5 Increase measuring range or move decimal point to the right (MAN function)
Power measurement: change displayed unit of measure
6 Rotary switch for meas. functions (see significance of symbols on page 13)
7 DAkkS calibration mark
8 Connector socket for ground / connected to ground
9 Socket connector for direct current measurement and current clamp transformer, with automatic blocking
10 Connector socket for voltage, resistance, temperature, diode and capacitance measurement, and current clamp sensor
11 DATA/MIN/MAX: key for freezing, comparing and deleting measured value, and for Min-Max function
Decrease values
Operating mode menu: selection of indiv. menu entries in direction of flow
12 MEASURE | SETUP: key for switching back and forth between measuring and menu function
13 ZERO | ESC
Key for zero balancing
Operating mode menu: Exit current menu level and return to a higher level.
Exit parameters entry function without saving.
14 Reduce meas. range or move decimal point to the left (MAN function)
Power measurement: change displayed unit of measure
15 Power pack connector jack
16 Infrared interface
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Symbols Used in the Digital Display
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9
19
18
17
16
15
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 2829
9
10
11
12
13
14
Battery Level Indicator
Battery full
Battery OK
Battery weak
Battery (almost) dead, U < 1.8 V
Interface Indicator
Data transmission ↓ to / ↑ from multimeter, active
IR interface active (ready to receive starting commands)
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Operating Overview – Connections, Keys, Rotary Switch, Symbols
1 Battery level indicator
2 ON: continuous operation (automatic shutdown deactivated)
3 DATA: display memory, “freeze measured value”
4 STORE: memory mode active
5 TRIG: synchronized storage
6 FILTER: low-pass filter active
7 EVENTS: events measurement
8 IR: infrared interface indicator
9 Auxiliary display: digital display with decimal point and polarity display
10 Transformation ratio (factor for current clamp sensorc and transformers)
11 dB: alternating voltage level measurement
12 Selected type of current
13 TRMS measurement
14 Unit of measure
15 Warning regarding dangerous voltage: U > 30 V AC or U > 35 V DC
16 Main display: digital display with decimal point and polarity display
17 Continuity test with acoustic signal active
18 Pt100/Pt1000: selected platinum resistance sensor with automatic selection of Pt100 / Pt1000
19 TC: temperature measurement with type K thermocouple (NiCr-Ni)
20 h (hours): unit of time
21 MAN: manual measuring range selection active
22 ZERO: zero balancing active
23 ΔREL: relative measurement with reference to offset
24 min: minimum value storage
25 Diode measurement selected
26 max: maximum value storage
27 Stopwatch active or time since beginning of measurement
28 ON: together with the symbol in item 27: elapsed time since activation of the respective function
29 sec (seconds): unit of time
11
Operating Overview – Connections, Keys, Rotary Switch, Symbols
Symbols and Functions for Rotary Switch Positions (MD: main display, AD: auxiliary display, MR: measuring range)
Switch
V~
V~
V~ 1kHz dB
2
3
FUNC Display
0/4 V~AC TRMS / HZ
1
A~AC TRMS
Hz ~AC TRMS /
V filter ~AC TRMS / Hz man dB ~AC TRMS
(0/2)
Measuring function
CLiP=OFF: alternating voltage, AC TRMS, full bandwidth
CLiP=ON: alternating current via current clamp sensor, TRMS AC value
Sub-Function
DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO
(1) CLiP=oFF: voltage frequency, to 300 kHz / CLiP=ON current frequency sensor DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO
Alternating voltage, AC TRMS, with low pass filter (1 kHz)
Alternating voltage level measurement
DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO
DATA/MIN/MAX
V
V
V
V
PQ
2
3
0/4 V DC /
1 V DC+AC TRMS / CF /
(0/2)
(1)
CLiP=OFF: direct voltage measured directly / CLiP=ON: via current clamp sensor
CLiP=OFF: pulsating voltage, direct, TRMS / CLiP=ON: via current clamp sensor
DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO
DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO
0/2
1
0/2
V DC EVENTS
V~AC TRMS EVENTS
MAinS: V DC+AC TRMS thd % ~AC TRMS / V / thd % ~AC TRMS / A /
MHz
(0/2)
Direct voltage events
Alternating voltage events
Mains quality: events (type, start time, date, duration, value)
Main display: total harmonic distortion relative to fundamental frequency as %
Auxiliary display: RMS value for the total signal in V
(High) Frequency at 5 V~ up to 1 MHz
DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO
Event querying:
keys
Query harmonics 1 through 15: RMS values and distortion via
keys
DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO MHz
%
Ω nS
Ω
1 %
0/3
Ω
1
2
0/2 nS
RPE
Ω
Ω
1 V DC
Temp. TC
Temp. RTD
0/2
1
°C, type K
° Χ, Pt100
0/2 nF m 1 km
W
Wh
A
A /~
A~
A /~
Duty cycle at 5 V~
(DC) resistance
Conductivity (in nano-Siemens)
Low-resistance measurement with acoustic signal where Iconst = 3 mA
Continuity test, Ω , with acoustic signal where Iconst = 1 mA
Diode voltage up to max. 6 V where Iconst = 1 mA
Temperature, type K thermocouple
Temperature with Pt100 / Pt1000 resistance sensor
Capacitance
Cable length
1
2
0/2 W DC+AC TRMS / V+A / PF Power (active, reactive, apparent power) / voltage + current / power factor
1 Wh DC+AC TRMS energy time Energy: energy (active, reactive, apparent energy) / on-time
Mean: average power / max: maximum power
0/4 A DC+AC TRMS / (2) CLiP=OFF: pulsating current, direct, TRMS AC+DC, CLiP=ON: current clamp transformer
3
A DC / thd % ~AC TRMS / A
(3) CLiP=OFF: direct voltage, direct, CLiP=ON: direct voltage via current clamp trans.
A~AC TRMS / Hz / (0/4) CLiP=OFF: alternating current direct, TRMS AC / current frequency,
CLiP=ON: alternating current via current clamp trans. // temperature: MB 6 A and 10 A
(1) Main display: total harmonic distortion relative to fundamental frequency as %
Auxiliary display: RMS value for the total signal in A
DATA/MIN/MAX
DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO
DATA/MIN/MAX
DATA/MIN/MAX, ZERO
DATA/MIN/MAX, ZERO
DATA/MIN/MAX
DATA/MIN/MAX
DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO
DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO
DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO
DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, W – VA – VAr: vw
MAN/AUTO, Wh – VAh – VArh: vw keys
Energy – Mean – max:
, ZERO = reset
DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO
DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO
DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO
Query harmonics 1 through 15: RMS values and distortion via keys
12 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Operating Overview – Connections, Keys, Rotary Switch, Symbols
User Interface Symbols in the Following Sections
... Scroll through main menu
... Scroll through submenu
time
1nFo
Select decimal point
Increase/decrease value
Submenu/parameter (7-segment font)
Main menu (7-segment font, boldface)
EC mark of conformity s IR t Position of the infrared interface, window on the top of the instrument
See also section 3.1 regarding location of the power pack adapter socket.
5V/600mA
Symbols on the Device
!
Warning concerning a source of danger
(attention: observe documentation!)
Fuse for current measuring ranges, see section 9.3
Ground
CAT III / IV Measuring category III or IV device, see also
“Measuring Categories and their Significance per IEC
Continuous, doubled or reinforced insulation
This device may not be disposed of with the trash.
Further information regarding the WEEE mark can be accessed on the Internet at www.gossenmetrawatt.com under the search term
Calibration mark (blue seal):
XY123
D-K-
15080-01-01
2012-08
Serial number
German Accrediation Body GmbH – Calibration lab
Registration number
Date of calibraion (year – month)
See also “Recalibration” on page 87.
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 13
Initial Start-Up – Setup
3
3.1
Inserting Batteries or Rechargeable Batteries
Be certain to refer to section 9.2 regarding correct battery
installation.
Momentary battery voltage can be queried in the Info menu (see
!
Initial Start-Up
Attention!
Disconnect the instrument from the measuring circuit before opening the battery compartment lid in order to replace the batteries.
Operation With Power Pack (not included, see section 10.3)
Installed batteries are disconnected electronically if the NA X-TRA power pack is used, and need not be removed from the instrument. If rechargeable batteries are used, they must be recharged externally.
If the external power supply is switched off, the device is switched to battery operation without interruption.
3.2
Switching the Instrument On
Switching the Instrument On Manually
Ð Press the ON / OFF | LIGHT key until the display appears.
Power-up is acknowledged with a brief acoustic signal. As long as the key is held depressed, all of the segments at the liquid crystal display (LCD) are illuminated.
The LCD is depicted on page 11.
The instrument is ready for use as soon as the key is released.
Display Illumination
After the instrument has been switched on, background illumination can be activated by briefly pressing the ON / OFF | LIGHT key.
Illumination is switched back off by once again pressing the same key, or automatically after approximately 1 minute. If necessary, automatic deactivation of background illumination can be disabled with the appropriate parameter setting (see bLiGht parameter in SYStEM submenu) or via the interface.
Switching the Instrument On with a PC
The multimeter is switched on after transmission of a data block from the PC, assuming that the “ irStb” parameter has been set to
“
However, we recommend using the power saving mode: “ off”.
Note
Electrical discharge and high frequency interference may cause incorrect displays to appear, and may disable the measuring sequence.
Disconnect the device from the measuring circuit. Switch the instrument off and back on again in order to reset. If the problem persists, briefly dislodge the battery from the con-
nector contacts (see also section 9.2).
3.3
Setting the Operating Parameters
Setting Time and Date
See the “
t iME” and “dAtE” parameter in section 6.4.
14 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
3.4
Switching the Instrument Off
Switching the Instrument Off Manually
Ð Press the ON / OFF | LIGHT key until 0FF appears at the display.
Shutdown is acknowledged with a brief acoustic signal.
If hazardous contact voltage has been detected (HV symbol appears), the instrument cannot be switched off.
Automatic Shutdown
The instrument is switched off automatically if the measured value remains unchanged for a long period of time (maximum measured value fluctuation of approx. 0.8% of the measuring range per minute or 1 °C or 1°F per minute), and if none of the keys or the rotary switch have been activated before a selected period of time in minutes has elapsed (see “
APoFF” parameter on page 64). Shut-
down is acknowledged with a brief acoustic signal.
Automatic shutdown is disabled in the following operating modes: continuous operation, mains analysis, power or energy measurement and whenever dangerous contact voltage has been detected (exception: memory mode).
Disabling Automatic Shutdown
The instrument can be set to continuous operation.
Ð Simultaneously press the
ON / OFF
LIGHT
and
FUNC
ENTER
keys to this end.
The “Continuous On” function is indicated at by means of the ON display to the right of the battery symbol.
The “Continuous On” setting can only be canceled by changing the respective parameter (see
“APoFF” on page 64 regarding instrument shut-
down via parameter) or by switching the instrument off manually.
In this case, the parameter is reset to 10 minutes.
ON / OFF
LIGHT
ON / OFF
LIGHT
ON / OFF
LIGHT
ON / OFF
LIGHT
Long
(1 s)
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Initial Start-Up – Setup
8.8.8.8.8
Auto-Range
000.00
Illumination On
000.00
Illumination Off
0ff
15
16
Control Functions
4 Control Functions
4.1
Selecting Measuring Functions and Measuring Ranges
The rotary switch is linked to an automatic socket blocking mechanism which only allows access to two jacks per function (exception: the voltage jack is open during current measurement, but a visible red ring warns the user of possible incorrect connection).
Be certain to remove the appropriate plug from its respective jack before switching to and from the “A” functions. The socket blocking mechanism prevents the user from inadvertently turning the selector switch to impermissible functions after the measurement cables have been plugged in to the instrument.
Presence of Dangerous Contact Voltages
If dangerous voltages are applied in the high-impedance voltage mea-
U > 35 V: Hz 050.00
230
V
.
00 suring functions
(switch position V or PQ), switching to low-impedance
PQ
MHz
Ω
AC
TRMS measuring functions (switch position MHz, Ω, continuity, temperature
V
V~ m
Temp
Temp
TC
V
RTD nS
% or capacitance) causes “HiVoLt” to appear at the display and the respective measurement is dishivolt abled. The measuring function is not switched until dangerous contact voltage is no longer applied to the input.
If the instrument switches itself off in the event that hazardous contact voltage is applied (during memory mode operation with large sampling period), the high-voltage warning symbol remains visible at the display.
4.1.1 Automatic Measuring Range Selection (auto-ranging)
The multimeter is equipped with auto-ranging for most measuring functions. Auto-ranging is active as soon as the instrument is switched on. The instrument automatically selects the measuring range which allows for highest possible resolution of the applied quantity. When the instrument is switched to frequency measurement, the previously selected voltage measuring range remains active.
AUTO-Range Function
The multimeter is switched automatically to the next higher range at ±(61000 d + 1 d → 06100 d) and to the next lower range at
±(05400 d - 1 d → 53999 d).
Exceptions: capacitance and cable length measurement
The multimeter is switched automatically to the next higher range at ±(6100 d + 1 d → 00 610 d) and to the next lower range at
±(0540 d → 5399 d).
4.1.2 Manual Measuring Range Selection
Auto-ranging can be deactivated and measuring ranges can be selected manually in accordance with the following table by pressing the MAN / AUTO button. The desired measuring range can then be selected with the or scroll key (exceptions: power and energy measurement, see next page).
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Control Functions
The instrument is automatically returned to automatic range selection when the MAN / AUTO key is pressed, the rotary switch is activated or the instrument is switched off and back on again.
Overview: Auto-Ranging and Manual Range Selection
MAN / AUTO
Function
Manual mode active: utilized measuring range is fixed
or
MAN / AUTO
Range switching sequence for:
V DC: 60 mV*
↔ 600 mV* ↔ 6 V ↔ 60 V ↔ 600 V
V AC/AC+DC: 600 mV*
↔ 6 V ↔ 60 V ↔ 600 V
Hz (V AC): 600 Hz
↔ 6 kHz ↔ 60 kHz ↔ 600 kHz
MHz 600 Hz
↔ 6 kHz ↔ 60 kHz ↔ 600 kHz ↔ 1 MHz
600 W
↔ 6 kW ↔ 60 kW ↔ 600 kW ↔ 6 MW ↔ 60 MW Ω:
A: 600 mA
↔ 6 mA ↔ 60 mA ↔ 600 mA ↔ 6 A ↔ 10 A (16 A)
Hz (A AC): 600 Hz
↔ 6 kHz ↔ 60 kHz ↔ 600 kHz
F: m:
60 nF
↔ 600 nF ↔ 6 mF ↔ 60 mF ↔ 600 mF
6 km
↔ 60 km
Return to automatic measuring range selection
* Via manual measuring range selection only
Display
MAN
MAN
—
“Intelligent” MAN Function
If a small measurement value occurs, the instrument can be switched to a measuring range with higher resolution by pressing the MAN / AUTO key.
Power and Energy Measurements
In the power meaurement function of Metrahit Energy, you can choose between automatic measuring range selection or fixed voltage and current measuring ranges.
In contrast to the other measuring functions, however, manual measuring range selection is not possible in this case, as the instrument cannot distinguish whether the voltage or current measuring range is to be changed. The practical procedure is therefore to start by applying the highest anticipated voltage and
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH current values in the case of automatic measuring range selection and then to lock in the resulting measuring ranges by pressing the
MAN / AUTO key. Locking is disabled by pressing the key once again.
The voltage and current measuring ranges can be selected individually when the multimeter is remote-controlled via its IR interface by using the USB X-TRA adapter (and the METRAwin10-Hit software or control command via terminal program).
Mains and Harmonic Analysis
The measuring range for mains analysis (switch position PQ) is specified in the menu (Set > MAinS > rAnGE).
The measuring range for harmonic analysis can be selected as a fixed setting in the menu (Set > HArM > U.rAnGE and Set > HArM
> I.rAnGE, clamp factor is not taken into consideration!), or autoranging can be activated.
4.1.3 Peak Value Monitoring for Automatic and Manual Measuring Range Selection
The peak value is measured in addition to RMS measurement in the V / A DC, AC and AC+D functions, as well as for power measurement. If the peak value exceeds the valid range of the corresponding measuring path, the instrument is switched up one range, even if the displayed measured value has not yet reached the threshold value. If the momentary range is manually selected,
(-)OL is displayed.
This assures that, in these functions, measurement is always performed in the correct range (e.g. during measurement of a signal with a high crest factor or measurement of the DC component of a mixed signal with a large AC component).
17
Control Functions
4.1.4 Quick Measurements (MAN or DATA function)
Measurements performed using a suitable fixed measuring range are executed more quickly than those which utilize automatic range selection. Quick measurement is made possible with the following two functions:
• Manual measuring range selection, i.e. selection of the measuring
range with the best resolution (see section 4.1.2)
or
• With the DATA function (see section 4.4) In this way, the appro-
priate measuring range is selected automatically after the first measurement and the second measurement is executed more quickly.
The selected measuring range remains active for the subsequent series of measurements with these two functions.
4.2
Zero Offset / Relative Measurements – ZERO/Delta REL Function
Zero offset or a reference value for relative measurements can be stored to memory depending upon deviation from the zero point:
Deviation from Zero Point
– with short-circuited measurement cables for V,
Ω, R
PE
, , A
– with open input for capacitance unit of measure (F)
±(0 ... 200) digits
±(200 ... 25000) digits
(10 A measuring range: up to 5000 digits)
Display
ZERO
ΔREL
ΔREL
The relevant reference or correction value is deducted individually for the respective measuring function as an offset from all future measurements and remains in memory until deleted, or until the multimeter is switched off.
Zero balancing and reference value adjustment can be used for auto-ranging, as well as for manual measuring range selection.
Zero Balancing
Ð Plug the measurement cables into the instrument and connect the free ends to each other, except for capacitance measurement in which case the ends of the cables are not connected to each other.
Ð Briefly press the ZERO | ESC key.
The instrument acknowledges zero balancing with an acoustic signal, and the “ZERO ΔREL” symbol appears at the LCD. The value measured at the moment the key is pressed serves as a reference value.
Ð Zero balancing can be cleared by once again pressing the
ZERO | ESC key.
18 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Control Functions
Setting the Reference Value
Ð Plug the measurement cables into the instrument and measure a reference value (max. 25,000 digits, or 5000 digits in 10 A range)
Ð Briefly press the ZERO | ESC key.
The instrument acknowledges storage of the reference value with an acoustic signal, and the “ZERO
ΔREL” or the “ΔREL” symbol appears at the LCD. The value measured at the moment the key is pressed serves as a reference value.
Ð The reference value can be cleared by once again pressing the
ZERO | ESC key.
Notes Regarding Relative Measurement
• Relative measurement effects the main display only.
• In the case of relative measurement, Ω, F or AC quantities may also appear as negative values.
4.3
Display (LCD)
Measured Value, Unit of Measure, Type of Current, Polarity
The measured value with decimal and plus or minus sign appears at the digital display. The selected unit of measure and current type are displayed as well. A minus sign appears to the left of the value during the measurement of zero-frequency quantities, if the plus pole of the measured quantity is applied to the “
⊥” input.
Overranging
“ 0L” (overload) is displayed as of 61,000 digits.
Exceptions: “OL” appears at the display as of 6100 digits for measuring functions with a measuring range span of 6000 digits.
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 19
Control Functions
4.4
Measured Value Storage: DATA (auto-hold / compare)
An individual measured value can be automatically “frozen” with the DATA function (auto-hold). This is useful, for example, when contacting the measuring points with the test probes requires your full attention. After the measuring signal has been applied and the measured value has settled in in accordance with the
“condition” listed in the table below, the measured value is frozen at the digital display and an acoustic signal is generated. The test probes can now be removed from the measuring points, and the measured value can be read from the digital display. If the measuring signal falls below the value specified in the table, the function is reactivated for storage of the next value.
Measured Value Comparison (DATA compare)
If the currently frozen value deviates from the first saved value by less than 100 digits, the acoustic signal is generated twice. If deviation is greater than 100 digits, only a brief acoustic signal is generated.
Note
The selected measuring range cannot be manually changed as long as the DATA function is active.
The DATA function is deactivated by pressing and holding the
DATA/MIN/MAX key (approx. 1 second), when the measuring function is changed, or when the instrument is switched off and back on again.
DATA Function in Memory Mode Operation (rAtE parameter = dAtA)
If dAtA is selected as the storage rate under the StorE > rAtE measuring parameter setting, and if memory mode operation is then started, measured values “frozen” with activated DATA function are automatically saved to permanent memory with time stamp.
V, A, Hz
60,000
Digits dB, F, MHz, %
6000
Digits
Activated
Save Reactivated
100% of measuring range
10% of measuring range t [s]
Save
Function
DATA
Data/
Min/Max
Key
Condition
Measuring
Function
Measuring
Signal
Response from Instrument
Display
Digital
MV
DATA
Acoustic
Blinks Once Activate
Save
(stabilized measured value)
Brief
V, A, Hz, dB,
F, MHz, %
Ω
> 10% rdg.
≠ 0L
Is displayed
Static
Once
Twice
2
Reactivate
1)
V, A, Hz, dB,
F, MHz, %
Ω
< 10% rdg.
= 0L
Stored
MV
Blinks
Change to
Min/Max
Brief
Exit Long
Is deleted
Is deleted
Twice
1
Reactivation results from falling short of specified measured value limits.
2
Two acoustic signals are generated the first time a measured value is saved as a reference value. For subsequent data hold, two acoustic signals are only generated if the currently frozen value deviates from the first saved value by less than 100 digits.
Key: MV = measured value, MR = measuring range
20 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Control Functions
Example
The voltage measuring range is set manually to 6 V. The first measured value is 3 V and is stored to memory because it is greater than 10% of the measuring range (6000 digits = 0.6 V), and is thus reliably above the background noise level. As soon as the measured value drops to less than 10% of the measuring range
(6000 digits), i.e. amounts to less than 6 V which corresponds to removal of the test probes from the measuring point, the instrument is ready to store a new value.
4.4.1 Saving Minimum and Maximum Values – Min/Max Function
Minimum and maximum measured values applied to the measuring instrument’s input after the Min-Max function has been activated can be “frozen” at the auxiliary display along with time of occurrence. The most important use of this function is the determination of minimum and maximum values during long-term measured value observation.
Except during power measurement, the Min-Max function has no effect on the main display, at which the current measured value continues to appear.
Apply the measured quantity to the instrument and set the measuring range with the MAN / AUTO key before activating the Min-
Max function.
The Min-Max function is deactivated by pressing and holding the
DATA/MIN/MAX key (approx. 1 second), when the measuring function is changed, or when the instrument is switched off and back on again.
Note
Extreme values can be reset by pressing the ZERO key.
Min-Max
Function
Data/
Min/Max
Key
1
Activate and save
2
Save and display
DATA/
MIN/MAX
1 x brief
DATA/
MIN/MAX
Brief
Brief
Min. and Max.
Measured Values
Are saved
Storage continues in the background, new min. and max. values are displayed together with time.
Response from Instrument
Display
Digital
Measured
Value
Max.
Min.
Acous tic
Signal
Current measured value
Once
Saved min. value
Saved max. value
Min.
Once
Max.
Once
Reset
ZERO/
ESC
Brief
Are deleted
Saved min.max. values min/ max
1
Stop
DATA/
MIN/MAX
Long are deleted and function is exited
Power Measurement (special case)
Current measured value
Is deleted
Twice
Instantaneous power is displayed with the switch in the W setting.
The Min-Max function is activated with the DATA/MIN/MAX key. The minimum and maximum values for active, reactive and apparent power are displayed as of the beginning of the power measurement, along with time of occurrence (date and time).
Previous Min-Max values can be cleared without exiting the function by pressing the ZERO key.
This function differs from the general Min-Max function insofar as measurement is performed continuously in the background, even if the Min-Max display is not shown, and while the instrument is in the energy measuring mode
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 21
Control Functions
4.5
Measurement Data Recording – Memory Mode Operation, STORE
Menu Function
The system multimeter is capable of recording measurement data using an adjustable sampling rate for long periods of time in the form of measurement series. Data are stored to permanent mem-
ory, an68: EnErGY Submenud are retained even after the multi-
meter is switched off, as well as after battery replacement.
Stored measured values can subsequently be read out at the computer. The only prerequisite is a PC which is connected by means of an interface cable to the USB X-TRA bidirectional interface adapter, which is plugged onto a system multimeter. See
also section 7, “Interface Operation”.
Memory Parameters Overview
Parameter Page: Header
CLEAr
dEMAnd tiME
EMpty
66: tEMP unit – Select a Unit of Measure for Temperature
23: Clear Memory – appears after
CLEAr hyst
0CCvP rAtE
StArt
StoP t.store
73: HYSt – Hysteresis (parameter for memory mode operation)
22: Starting Recording via Menu Functions
74: tStorE – Recording Time (parameter for memory mode operation)
Preparing for Recording – Parameter Settings
Ð First set the sampling rate for memory mode operation (see
rAtE parameter).
Ð Set hysteresis for efficient use of available memory space.
During memory mode operation, new measured data are only saved if they deviate from the previously stored value by an amount which exceeds the selected hysteresis value (see
hyst” parameter).
Ð Set “t.StorE” in order to limit recording duration.
Ð First select the desired measuring function and an appropriate measuring range.
Ð Check the battery charge level before starting long-term mea-
surement recordings (see section 6.3).
Connect the NA X-TRA power pack if applicable.
Starting Recording via Menu Functions
Ð Switch to the “SET” mode by pressing MEASURE | SETUP and select the “ StorE” menu.
MEASURE
SETUP
1nFo ... StorE
FUNC
ENTER store off StArt (blinks)
FUNC store
ENTER
Ð Memory mode operation is started by acknowledging the blinking “ start” prompt at the main display with the FUNC |
ENTER key. The STORE display segment appears in the header and indicates that the memory mode has been activated.
“ store” appears at the main display.
Ð Press the MEASURE | SETUP key in order to return to the measuring function.
22 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Control Functions
Note
The StorE > StArt and StorE > CLEAr menu functions can only be selected a long as memory is not completely full
(StorE > StArt), or not completely empty (StorE > CLEAr).
Querying Memory Occupancy
Memory occupancy can be queried during recording with the help of the “
1nFo” menu (see also section 6.3).
Memory occupancy range: 000.1% to 099.9%.
MEASURE
SETUP
1nFo
FUNC
ENTER bAtt x.x V ... 0CCvP : 017.4 %
Ending Recording
Ð If the instrument is in the measuring mode, return to the menu function by pressing the MEASURE | SETUP key. Select “ store on StoP
FUNC
ENTER store
StorE” again and acknowledge by pressing the FUNC | ENTER key.
“ StoP” blinks at the main display.
Clear Memory
This function deletes all measured values from memory! (blinks)
It’s advisable to execute this function before starting a new measurement data recording.
MEASURE
SETUP
1nFo ... StorE store CLEAr no yes
FUNC
ENTER
FUNC
ENTER empty store off StArt (blinks)
→ store
Ð Acknowledge the “StoP” display by pressing FUNC | ENTER.
The
STORE
display segment in the header is cleared, indicating that recording has been ended.
Ð Press the MEASURE | SETUP key in order to return to the measuring function.
Ð Memory mode operation can also be exited by switching the multimeter off.
Storage of Individual Values Using the SAMPLE or dAtA Sampling Rate
If only individually selected values need to be saved, the SAMPLE value must be selected as the StorE > rAtE sampling value. If memory mode operation is then started, a single measured value is saved to permanent memory with time stamp when the DATA/
MIN/MAX key is pressed and held until two rapidly repeating acoustic signals are generated (not in the case of mains analysis).
If dAtA is selected as the StorE > rAtE sampling rate, and if memory mode operation is then started, measured values ascertained with activated DATA function are automatically saved to permanent memory with time stamp.
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 23
Control Functions
4.5.1 Rapid Momentary Value Acquisition for U DC and I DC
Rapid momentary value acquisition is only activated during memory mode operation in the U DC and I DC functions, and only after selecting a sampling period of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 or 50 ms: All trigger and hysteresis functions are available, although the momentary value is acquired with a separate measuring circuit.
This allows for the recording of the waveshapes of low-frequency signals with reduced resolution and accuracy (typically < 1% of the measuring range under reference conditions, not specified).
Roughly 300,000 measured values can be saved in this mode.
Values of up to about 1.9 x Umax or Imax are recorded (with fixed range, range-dependent fluctuations), and thus the range limit can be exceeded by approximately 90%.
Note
The ZERO/ ΔREL function is not taken into consideration for rapid momentary value acquisition!
4.5.2 Power and Energy Measurement in the Memory Mode
The value selected for the SEt > EnErGY > StorE menu parameter specifies which values from power and energy measurements will be saved during memory mode operation:
• SEt > EnErGY > StorE = normal (default setting):
Momentary values for current, voltage, active, reactive and apparent power, as well as power factor, are acquired and saved to memory at the selected sampling rate (at least 0.5 s).
• SEt > EnErGY > StorE = demand:
The instrument only saves mean power values at the end of the dEMAnd tiME observation period
dEMAnd tiME” parameter).
• SEt > EnErGY > StorE = all:
Momentary values are saved at the selected sampling rate and mean power values are saved at the end of each dEMAnd tiME observation period
dEMAnd tiME” parameter).
Ð Set the dEMAnd tiME interval for memory mode operation before you start recording.
24 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
5 Measurements
5.1
Voltage Measurement
Notes Regarding Voltage Measurement
• The multimeter may only be operated with installed batteries or rechargeable batteries. Dangerous voltages are otherwise not indicated, and the instrument may be damaged.
• The multimeter may only be operated by persons who are capable of recognizing contact hazards and taking the appropriate safety precautions. Contact hazards exist anywhere, where voltages of greater than 33 V (RMS) may occur.
The test probes may only be only gripped up to the finger guard.
Do not touch the metallic test probes under any circumstances.
• Avoid working alone when taking measurements which involve contact hazards. Be certain that a second person is present.
• Maximum permissible voltage between the connector sockets, (9 and 10) and ground (8) is 600 V for measuring category III and
300 V for measuring category IV. An acoustic signal is generated at a display value of greater than 600.0 V in the 600 V range (intermittent acoustic signal: 250 ms on, 250 ms off).
• Power limiting: < 6 x 10
6
Volts x Hertz.
• Be prepared for the occurrence of unexpected voltages at devices under test (e.g. defective devices). For example, capacitors may be dangerously charged.
• No measurements may be made with this instrument in electrical circuits with corona discharge (high-voltage).
• Special care is required when measurements are made in HF electrical circuits. Dangerous pulsating voltages may be present.
• Be aware of the fact that dangerous voltage spikes are not displayed during measurement with the low-pass filter.
We recommend measuring voltage without the low-pass filter first, in order to be able to detect any dangerous voltages.
• Be absolutely certain that the measuring ranges are not overloaded beyond their allowable capacities. Limit values are in-
cluded in section 8, "Technical Data”, in the table entitled
“Measuring Functions and Measuring Ranges” in the “Overload
Capacity” column.
• With the rotary switch in the V position, the instrument is always in the 6 V measuring range immediately after it’s switched on. As soon a the MAN / AUTO key is pressed, and assuming the measured value is less than 600 mV, the instrument is switched to the mV measuring range.
Scope of Functions, Voltage Measurement
Function
V AC / Hz TRMS, dB
(Ri
≥ 9 MΩ) 1
V AC / TP-Filter 1 kHz
1
(Ri
≥ 9 MΩ) TRMS
•
•
V AC+DC TRMS
(Ri
≥ 9 MΩ)
V DC (Ri
≥ 17 MΩ)
MHz at 5 V AC
Duty cycle as %
•
•
•
•
1
Frequency bandwidth 100 kHz
A 1 kHz low-pass filter can be used in this case, in order to filter out high frequency pulses of greater than 1 kHz, for example when performing measurements at pulsed motor drives.
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 25
26
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
5.1.1 Direct Voltage, Pulsating Voltage and Crest Factor Measurement
– V DC, V (DC+AC) and CF
Note
Set the CL iP parameter to 0FF in the current clamp setup menu. Otherwise all measured values are displayed in amperes, corrected by the amount resulting from the selected transformation ratio for an interconnected current clamp sensor. The clamp symbol is also displayed. Refer to
section 6.4, "Entering Parameters – SETUP Menu”,
regarding adjustment.
Ð In accordance with the voltage to be measured, turn the rotary switch to V or V .
Ð Connect the measurement cables as shown.
The “
⊥” connector jack should be grounded.
CL ip = 0FF !
V
V
Measuring ranges:
V= : 60 mV … 600 V
V : 600 mV … 600 V
CF: 1.0 ... 11.0
max. 600 V (< 10 kHz) max. 100 V (> 10 kHz)
P max
= 6 x 10
6
V x Hz
Note
An intermittent acoustic signal warns the operator if the measured value exceeds the upper range limit in the 600 V range.
V Ω
Temp COM
Make sure that a current measuring range (“A”) has not been activated when the multimeter is connected for voltage measurement!
If the fuse’s blowing limits are exceeded as a result of operator error, both the operator and the instrument are in danger!
With the rotary switch in the V position (auto-ranging), the multimeter is always in the 6 V measuring range immediately after it’s switched on. As soon a the MAN / AUTO key is pressed, and assuming the measured value is less than 600 mV, the instrument is switched to the 600 mV measuring range. Press the key in order to switch to the 60 mV measuring range.
– (+)
+ (–)
Warnings regarding dangerous voltage:
> 30 V AC or > 35 V DC:
> 600 V:
20,000
V
DC
FUNC
ENTER
Cf : 01.0
20,000
V
DC
AC
TRMS
V
FUNC
ENTER
EVENTS
20.000 00:00:00
MAN
DC 000000 V
V
FUNC
ENTER
EVENTS
00.000 00:00:00
MAN
000000
AC
TRMS
V
FUNC
ENTER
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
Note
60 mV range:
Thermovoltages occur in the event of temperature fluctuation, which appear as additional voltage offset. It may be necessary to repeat zero offsetting in order to achieve the specified degree of accuracy.
Crest Factor Display
Crest factor is displayed for voltages in the V (AC+DC) function along with the measured voltage value. The voltage value is measured simultaneously in a separate measuring circuit to this end, and crest factor is displayed within a range of 1.0 to 11.0.
This value indicates the quality of the applied signal. The only prerequisite is a periodic signal with a valid frequency (see table).
Measuring range: 1.0 ≤ CF ≤ 11.0; resolution: 0.1
Typical (not specified) maximum deviation for U
≥ 5% of the measuring range:
Frequency CF
≤ 3.0
3.0 < CF
≤ 5.0
10 to 70 Hz
70 to 440 Hz
440 Hz to 1 kHz
±02
±02
±05
±02
±05
Not valid
> 1 kHz: Not valid Not valid
5.0 < CF
≤ 10.0
±05
Not valid
Not valid
Not valid
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 27
28
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
Events Recording “EVEntS”
CL ip = 0FF !
V
V
DC coupling
(sampling rate: 0.5 s / 1 ms)
Time elapsed since recording start
Event value
Number of elements
AC coupling
(sampling rate: 0.5 s)
Time elapsed since recording start
Event value
Number of elements
20 .
000
FUNC
ENTER
FUNC
ENTER
V
DC
Cf : 01.0
20
V
.
000 DC
AC
TRMS
V
FUNC
ENTER
EVENTS
20,000 00:00:00
MAN
DC 000.000
EVENTS
00,000 00:00:00
MAN
000.000
AC
TRMS
V
V
V
Events recording can be activated with DC or AC coupling in the
V DC switch position. The auto-ranging function is deactivated, and the respective valid measuring range must be selected manually in the left-hand auxiliary display.
The following can be measured and displayed:
• Number of events
An event is recorded whenever at least 1 measured value has fallen short of the L-trig threshold and subsequently at least 1 measured value has exceeded the H-trig threshold.
Voltage signals with a repetition frequency of less than 500 Hz or 2 Hz are recorded (event rate or period of 0.001 s or 0.5 s).
• Total time for all events
Time during which measured voltage was above the upper trigger threshold.
• Total time elapsed since event recording was started
Event Recording Parameter with DC Coupling – DC Sampling Rate
Ð Enter the desired sampling rate in the parameter settings menu:
MEASURE
SETUP
FUNC
ENTER
FUNC
ENTER
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER system events trig / events rate DC events rate : 0 ..001 /0..5 s
FUNC
ENTER
... events
DATA/MIN/MAX
FUNC
ENTER
On Total time for all events
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
Note
1 ms sampling is executed with reduced resolution and accuracy (approx. 1% of the measuring range under reference conditions).
Events Measurement Parameter – Trigger Thresholds
Ð Enter upper threshold H-trig and lower threshold L-trig in digits in the parameter settings menu (see table with examples below):
MEASURE
SETUP
FUNC
ENTER
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER system events rate DC / events trig
... events
FUNC
ENTER h-trig set : -60000 ... +60000
FUNC
ENTER l-trig set : -60000 ... +60000
FUNC
ENTER
Selecting the Measurement
Ð In accordance with the voltage to be measured, turn the rotary switch to V or V .
Ð Manually select the measuring range for the event value in the left-hand auxiliary display.
Ð Apply the signal as you would for a voltage measurement.
Ð Repeatedly press the multifunction key (FUNC | ENTER) until
EVENTS (DC) or EVENTS (AC) appears at the display.
You can switch back and forth between two times with the DATA/
MIN/MAX key:
Total time elapsed since event recording was started
ON Total time of all events (voltage above H-triG)
Examples of Trigger Threshold Entries
Meas. range
600 mV
6 V
60 V
600 V
Entered Value:
H-trig or L-trig Trigger Threshold in Digits
20 000 02 000
Effective trigger threshold
00 200
200 mV
2 V
20 V
200 V
20 mV
200 mV
2 V
20 V
2 mV
20 mV
200 mV
2 V
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 29
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
5.1.2 Alternating Voltage and Frequency Measurement V AC and Hz with Selectable Low-Pass Filter, V AC + FILTER and dB V AC
Note
Set the CL iP parameter to 0FF in the current clamp setup menu.
Otherwise all measured values are displayed in amperes, corrected by the amount resulting from the selected transformation ratio for an interconnected current clamp sensor.
The clamp symbol is also displayed. Refer to section
6.4, "Entering Parameters – SETUP Menu”,
regarding adjustment.
Ð In accordance with the voltage or frequency to be measured, turn the rotary switch to V~.
Ð Connect the measurement cables as shown.
The “ ⊥” connector jack should be grounded.
Voltage measurement
Note
An intermittent acoustic signal warns the operator if the measured value exceeds the upper range limit in the 600 V range.
Frequency Measurement
Signal frequency appears at the left-hand auxiliary display when the instrument executes alternating voltage measurements. A separate frequency measurement can be additionally performed by pressing the FUNC | ENTER key, which allows for use of the DATA and Min-Max functions.
If the measuring signal is too low, switch manually to a lower range.
Lowest measurable frequencies and maximum allowable voltages
are listed in section 8, "Technical Data”.
Note
For measurements close to the trigger threshold: display error or zero. Select a lower voltage measuring range. In the case of measured values which are many times greater than the expected results, the input signal may be distorted. If this is the case, perform a measurement with activated 1 kHz low-pass filter.
Measurement with Low-Pass Filter
Make sure that a current measuring range (“A”) has not been activated, when the multimeter is connected for voltage measurement!
If the fuse’s blowing limits are exceeded as a result of operator error, both the operator and the instrument are in danger!
Ð You can switch back and forth between voltage measurement with and without low-pass filter.
Ð Repeatedly press the multifunction key (FUNC | ENTER) until the unit of measure V, or V and FILTER, appears at the display.
!
Attention!
Be aware of the fact that dangerous voltage spikes are not displayed during this type of measurement (see also
“Voltage Comparator”. We recommend measuring voltage without the low-pass filter first, in order to be able to detect any dangerous voltages.
A 1 kHz low-pass filter can be activate if required, in order to filter out high frequency pulses of greater than 1 kHz, for example when performing measurements at pulsed motor drives, i.e. undesired voltages of greater than 1 kHz can be suppressed.
30 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
The active low-pass filter is indicated by the FILTER display. The multimeter is automatically switched to manual measuring range selection.
Specified measuring accuracy is not reached with signals of greater than 100 Hz when the filter is active.
CL ip = 0FF !
V~
1 kHz dB
Hz 050.00
230
V
.
00
FUNC
ENTER
AC
TRMS
V~
V Ω
Temp COM
~
Warnings regarding dangerous voltage:
Measuring ranges:
V~: 600 mV … 600 V max. 600 V (< 10 kHz) max. 100 V (> 10 kHz)
Hz: 1 Hz ¼ 300 kHz
P max
= 6 x 10
6
V x Hz for U > 100 V
> 30 V AC or > 35 V DC:
> 600 V:
Voltage Comparator for Displaying Dangerous Voltage
The input signal or measuring signal is checked by a voltage comparator for dangerous spikes, because these do not appear at the display when the low-pass filter is used.
At voltages of greater than 30 V AC or 35 V DC, a danger symbol appears at the display: .
!
V~ & Filter
Reference value
Current measured value
050
Hz
.
00
AC
TRMS
FUNC
ENTER
FILTER
Hz 050.00
MAN 230
V
.
00
AC
TRMS
FUNC
ENTER
R
:
00.775
V
230.0
V dB 049 .
45
AC
TRMS
Hz
V~
1 kHz
dB
FUNC
ENTER
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 31
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
Alternating Voltage Level Measurement (dB)
Voltage level measurement is used in order to ascertain overall attenuation or boosting of a transmission system (shown here as a 4pole setup).
U
1
Voltagelevel dB ]
= 20 ⋅ log
U
------
U
1
U
2
The default setting for the reference level is 0 dB = 0.775 V (1 mW to 600 Ω). This value van be adjusted in the “SET” menu (see also
MEASURE
SETUP
FUNC
ENTER
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER system dbrEF set : 00 ..001 ... 99 V
...
FUNC
ENTER
dbrEF
Where U
1
= U
REF
(reference level)
Result > 1: boosting
Result < 1: attenuation
Note
No terminal resistors have been integrated into the device. It performs measurement with a high input impedance of at least 9 M
Ω (see technical data).
In order to be able to perform correct measurement at nonterminated devices under test, the terminating resistor must be connected to the terminals. Be sure to take power loss at the terminating resistor into consideration!
Ð Manually select the measuring range for the voltage amplitude.
When the instrument is switched to dB measurement, the previously selected voltage measuring range remains active.
Ð Repeatedly press the multifunction key FUNC | ENTER until the unit of measure dB appears at the display.
Lowest measurable frequencies and maximum allowable volt-
ages are included in section 8, "Technical Data”.
The level measurement function is now activated. The measured value is calculated based upon the RMS value of the alternating voltage component relative to the measuring range (600 mV …
600 V), and displayed.
32 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
5.1.3 Mains Monitoring / Mains Disturbance Recording – PQ
Overview
The METRAHIT ENERGY is equipped with an operating mode for mains disturbance recording in the PQ switch position. Input voltage is simultaneously measured with a different measuring circuit to this end.
• The RMS value of the applied voltage is measured and displayed continuously. (This measurement corresponds to
DC+AC TRMS measurement, see section 5.1.2.) The
measurement is used for precise detection of overvoltages and undervoltages.
• Additionally, the voltage is sampled at 1.2 kS/s and a half-cycle
RMS value is calculated for each half-cycle: This is used to detect short overvoltages (swells) and undervoltages (dips). Mains frequency (50 or 60 Hz) must be correctly set for this measure-
• Momentary values acquired by means of fast sampling are used for the detection of briefly exceeded absolute values (peaks).
• Steep voltage surges within a range of
±200 V to 1000 V relative to the momentary voltage value are additionally acquired by a sample&hold circuit.
The measuring range can be adjusted from 6 to 600 V: With the exception of transient detection (fixed range of 200 to 1000 V), all disturbances can be detected in all three voltage ranges, but only at frequencies of 0 Hz (direct voltage), 50 or 60 Hz.
Acquirable Mains Disturbances
The following types of disturbances are recorded:
• Undervoltage (LoVoLt) and overvoltage (HiVoLt) with start time, duration and extreme value.
• Under and overvoltage of the half-period RMS value (dips and swells) with start time, as well as minimum and maximum values.
• Momentarily exceeded values with a duration of greater than
1 ms (peak) with time of occurrence and maximum value
• Steep transients with a rise time of 0.5 to 5 ms within a range of
200 to 1000 V including time of occurrence, relative voltage value and the previous 1 ms instantaneous value
Based on the example of a 230 V, 50 Hz line voltage, the following figure depicts acquirable disturbances in addition to the detection of undervoltages and overvoltages:
Line Voltage
It must be noted that certain events – depending upon the threshold voltage selected for them – often occur in combination, for example the “LoVolt” event always occurs together with the
“diP” event, if the same threshold voltage has been selected for both, but not the other way around.
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 33
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
Parameters Configuration
Prior to mains analysis, the function’s parameters have to be configured under SET > MAinS. The following parameters are available:
• MAinS.F: Selection of the measuring signal line frequency is required for the calculation of the TRMS half-cycle value:
50 or 60 Hz can be selected. Selection is irrelevant for DC signals.
• rAnGE: The 6 V, 60 V or 600 V range (default) can be selected as the voltage measuring range.
• TRIG: The threshold values for undervoltage (LoVoLt LiMit) and overvoltage (HiVoLt LiMit) while monitoring the TRMS voltage value can be entered here in digits. The full measuring range corresponds to 60,000 digits.
• diP LiMit: If the TRMS half-cycle value falls short of the specified value (in digits, 60,000 = full measuring range), a voltage drop
(dip) is detected.
• SWELL LiMit: If the TRMS half-cycle value exceeds the specified limit, a brief overvoltage (swell) is detected.
• PEAK LiMit: If the momentary voltage value exceeds the value specified here (regardless of polarity), an exceeded limit value is recorded (
±PEAK).
• trAnS LiMit: A level can be set here as of which a voltage transient is recorded. This is a polarity-independent entry relative to the momentary value. The smallest value is 200 V. Regardless of the selected measuring range, acquisition always takes place within a range of 200 to 1000 V.
Type of
Disturbance
Measuring
Range
Resolution
Intrinsic Uncertainty under Reference
Conditions with Fixed
Frequency of 50/60 Hz
Pulse Time
Over/undervoltage
Dip/swell
6 ... 600 V
6 ... 600 V
60,000 digits
6000 digits
1% rdg. + 1% MR ≥ 1 half-cycle
Peak
6 ... 600 V
6000 digits
1% rdg. + 2% MR ≥ 1 ms
Transients * 200 ... 1000 V 10 V
± 50 V
0.5 ... 5
* Absolute value of the transients is limited to 1000 V by input protection.
μs
Sequence
Ð Set the trigger values for the MAinS menu:
Line frequency: MAinS.F
Meas. range formains disturbance recording: rAnGE
Lower trigger threshold:
Upper trigger threshold:
Voltage dip limit value:
LoVolt LiMit
HiVolt LiMit diP LiMit
Voltage swell limit value:
Trigger for surges or voltage peaks:
Limit value for transients:
SWELL LiMit
PEAK LiMit
trAnS LiMit
See section 6.4.5, "MAinS Submenu”, regarding settings.
Ð Set the rotary switch to PQ.
Ð Connect meas. cables same as for a voltage measurement.
Mains monitoring is started automatically as soon as the selector switch is set to PQ.
The number of recorded mains disturbances appears at the lefthand auxiliary display. Recorded events can be deleted by pressing and holding the ZERO key.
34 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
5.1.4 Mains Disturbance Recording in Memory Mode Operation
If memory mode operation is started (see STORE menu function above), further data in addition to those which appear at the display are saved to memory, allowing for computer aided visual assessment:
• Regardless of which events occur, (DC+AC) TRMS voltage is continuously recorded with adjustable sampling rate, and in consideration of the selected hysteresis value.
• If a dip or a swell is recorded, the RMS half-cycle values of the
10 previous and 90 subsequent half-cycles are recorded.
• If a peak is recorded, the momentary values of the two halfperiods both before and after the peak are acquired.
Note
Memory mode operation must be stopped before data can be read out of the instrument.
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 35
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
5.1.5 Harmonic Analysis (voltage measurement)
In the switch positions for the mains quality analysis and current measurement (A) functions, harmonic analysis is performed approximately once per second using 32 averaged sampling values per mains period (adjustable to 16.7, 50, 60 or 400 Hz, see
FFT (fast Fourier transformation) makes oscillations up to the 15 th harmonic available to this end. The RMS values of the fundamental harmonic (HD 1) and the individual higher harmonics (HD 2 through 15), as well as total harmonic distortion (THD) are calculated. RMS values and harmonic components are displayed in each case (RMS values relative to the RMS value of the fundamental harmonic). Harmonic analysis is also available for current clamp measurement.
Ð Set the rotary switch to PQ.
Ð Press the multifunction key FUNC | ENTER.
Ð Connect the measurement cables as you would for a voltage measurement.
The main display shows total harmonic distortion as a percentage, and the total RMS value of distortion appears at the right-hand auxiliary display.
Ð The distortion components (main display) and the RMS values of the individual harmonics (left-hand auxiliary display) can be measured by pressing the scroll keys.
Ð The instrument is switched directly to a display of total harmonic distortion after pressing the ZERO | ESC key.
Prerequisites
The results of harmonic analysis are only valid if the following conditions are fulfilled:
• The fundamental frequency corresponds with the selected fundamental frequency.
• Only significant harmonic components occur up to the 15 th
harmonic (made apparent by rapidly dropping RMS value components up to the 15 th
harmonic).
• The AC TRMS value amounts to at least 5% of the measuring range.
Additional Harmonic Analyses (current measurement)
For direct current measurement see section 5.8.1, for measure-
ment with current clamp sensor see section 5.8.2 and for measu-
rement with current clamp transformer see section 5.8.3.
36 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
PQ
Number of events
Momentary measured value
CLiP = OFF ! → SETUP
Types of events:
Dropout: mains failure
Swell: overvoltage
Peak: surge / voltage peak
Trans: transients dip: voltage drop lovolt: lower trigger threshold hivolt: upper trigger threshold on
000.002
MAN
231
V
.
mains
00 DC
AC
TRMS
FUNC
ENTER
Event no. 002 on
000002
MAN
15:01:10 lovolt DC
AC
TRMS
Event selection
001 ... 999
PQ on
000001
MAN
14:31:10 trans DC
AC
TRMS
Start time
Event type
ZERO
ESC on
26:04:10
MAN
280.1
V
270 DC
AC
TRMS
Event duration*
Event value
ON: disturbance persists on
26:04:10 00:22:43
MAN on
DC 000
V
.
00
AC
TRMS
Harmonics: 2 ... 15
% harm:2 000
V
000 .
0
AC
TRMS
RMS value,
2 nd
harmonic
Distortion through
2 nd
harmonic
FUNC
ENTER
Total RMS value of distortion in V thd: total distortion as % relative to fundamental harmonic % thd: 000
V
000 .
0
AC
TRMS
* Exception, trAnS: previous 1 ms momentary value
Fundamental harmonic: 1 st
harmonic
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
HArM
% harm:1 000
V
100 .
0
AC
TRMS
HArM:1 RMS value of the fundamental harmonic in V
100% for fundamental harmonic
Parameters for harmonic analysis:
Line frequency: harm .f
: 16 .7 /50 /60 /400 Hz
Measuring range: v.range
: 600mV/6 /60 /600 V/auto
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 37
38
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
5.1.6 Frequency and Duty Cycle Measurement
Ð Set the rotary switch to MHz or %.
Ð Connect the measurement cables as shown.
Make sure that a current measuring range (“A”) has not been activated when the multimeter is connected for frequency or duty cycle measurement!
MHz
%
1.0323
kHz
FUNC
ENTER
!
Attention!
The applied signal voltage may not exceed 5 V.
U t
E t
P
t
%
002.00
Frequency Measurement, MHz
A 5 V signal with a frequency of up to 1 MHz is measured and displayed using MHz as a unit of measure. The pulse frequency is the reciprocal value of the pulse period.
Duty Cycle Measurement t
E
/t
P
The ratio of pulse duration to pulse period is measured with periodic square-cycle signals and is displayed as a percentage.
Pulse Time Quantities f
P t
E t
P t
P
– t
E t
E
/t
P pulse frequency = 1/t
P pulse duration interpulse period pulse or duty cycle
MHz f
P
% t
E
/t
P
Measuring ranges: fp pulse frequency range
Hz t
E
/t
P
15 Hz ... 1 kHz 2 ... 98 %
... 10 kHz 5 ... 95 %
... 50 kHz 10 ... 90 %
Duty cycle (%) =
Pulse duration (t
E
)
Pulse period (t
P
)
• 100
V Ω
Temp
Note
The applied frequency must remain constant during duty cycle measurement.
COM
!
max. 5 V
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
5.2
Resistance, Conductivity and Low-Resistance Measurement
Ð Disconnect supply power from the electrical circuit of the device to be measured, and discharge all high-voltage capacitors.
Ð Make sure that the device under test is voltage-free.
Interference voltages distort measurement results!
Refer to section 5.1.1 regarding testing for the absence of volt-
age with the help of the direct voltage measurement.
Ð Set the rotary switch to “ Ω” or “nS”.
Ð Connect the device under test as shown.
Note
Use short or shielded measurement cables in the case of high-impedance resistance.
Ω and R
PE nection.
: “ 0 L” appears at the display in the case of an open connS: “ u r” (under range) appears at the display in the case of an open connection.
Improving Accuracy for Resistance and Low-Resistance Measurement by means of Zero Balancing
Cable resistance and contact resistance can be eliminated in all
measuring ranges by means of zero balancing (see section 4.2)
(applies to
Ω and R
PE
functions only).
Measuring ranges:
Ω: 600 Ω … 60 MΩ nS: 15 – 600 nS
R
PE
: 60 Ω
R
PE
> 0.1 ... 60.9
Ω, OL
V Ω
Temp
Ω nS
0V !
R x
COM
!
rpe
Ω
Ω
000
FUNC
ENTER
FUNC
ENTER
30 .
00
FUNC
ENTER n
.
00
050 .
S
0
Ω nS
R
SL
R x
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 39
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
5.2.1 Conductivity Measurement
Conductivity measurement works within a range of 15 to 600 nS.
“ur” (under range) appears at the display for values below this range, and “OL” appears for value which exceed the range.
Limit Value for Low-Resistance Measurement
In the event of a measured value which exceeds the selected limit value, the system multimeter generates a continuous acoustic signal. The limit value can be adjusted in the “ SET” menu in 0.1
Ω
MEASURE
SETUP
FUNC
ENTER
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER system ... r _pe set : 00 .1 ... 00.3 ... 60 .9 Ω, 0 L
r_pe
FUNC
ENTER
5.2.2 Low-Resistance Measurement with Constant Current (RPE)
RPE measurement is started by pressing the FUNC key twice with the selector switch in the Ω or nS position:
This is a low-resistance measurement within a range of 0.01 to
60 Ω with a constant current of approximately 3 mA.
Open circuit voltage is roughly 9 V.
Zero balancing must be executed before performing this measurement.
Zero Balancing
Ð Plug the measurement cables into the instrument and connect the free ends to each other.
Ð Briefly press the ZERO | ESC key.
The instrument acknowledges zero balancing with an acoustic signal, and the “ZERO ΔREL” symbol appears at the LCD. The value measured at the moment the key is pressed serves as a reference value.
Ð Zero balancing can be cleared by once again pressing the
ZERO | ESC key.
(0.3 Ω = default setting)
40 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
5.3
Continuity Test with Constant Current of 1 mA
Ð Disconnect supply power from the electrical circuit of the device to be measured, and discharge all high-voltage capacitors.
Ð Make sure that the device under test is voltage-free.
Interference voltages distort measurement results!
Ð Set the rotary switch to .
Ð Connect the conductor path under test as shown.
Ω
000.8
FUNC
ENTER
“ 0 L” appears at the display in the case of an open connection.
Open circuit voltage is approximately 3 V. 0.443
V
DC
Limit Value for Volume Resistance
Depending upon the selected limit value, the multimeter generates a continuous acoustic signal in the case of continuity or short-circuiting, i.e. at a value of less than the selected limit value. The limit value can be adjusted in the “ SET” menu (see also
COM
0V !
!
V Ω
Temp
MEASURE
SETUP
FUNC
ENTER
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER system bEEP set : 001, 010, 020 ... 500 Ω in 10 Ohm steps
... bEEP
FUNC
ENTER
Open circuit voltage: 3 V
R < 1, 10, 20 ... 500 Ω
(10 = default setting)
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 41
42
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
5.4
Diode Testing with Constant Current of 1 mA
Ð Disconnect supply power from the electrical circuit of the device to be measured, and discharge all high-voltage capacitors.
Ð Make sure that the device under test is voltage-free.
Interference voltages distort measurement results!
Refer to section 5.1.1 regarding testing for the absence of volt-
age with the help of the direct voltage measurement.
Ð Set the rotary switch to .
Ð Acknowledge by pressing the FUNC | ENTER key.
Ð Connect the device under test as shown.
Forward Direction and Short-Circuit
The instrument displays forward voltage in volts (display: 4 places).
As long as voltage drop does not exceed the maximum display value of 6.0 V, several series connected components or reference diodes can be tested with a small reference voltage and Z-diodes.
Reverse Direction and Interruption
The measuring instrument indicates overload: “ 0 L”.
Note
Resistors and semiconductor paths connected in parallel to the diode distort measurement results!
0V !
0.654
!
Measuring Range: up to 6.000 V +
Forward Direction
V Ω
Temp
Ω
000.8
FUNC
ENTER
0.443
V
COM
0.L
Reverse Direction
–
DC
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
5.5
Temperature Measurement
Temperature measurement is performed with a type K thermocouple or a type Pt100 or Pt1000 resistance sensor (accessory, not included) which is connected to the voltage input.
Refer to section 6.4 regarding selection of the temperature unit of
measure.
5.5.1 Measurement with Thermocouples, Temp TC
Ð Set the rotary switch to “Temp
TC
”.
Note
The last selected temperature measurement or the last selected temperature sensor, i.e. type K or Pt100/Pt1000, remains in memory and is accordingly displayed. Press the
FUNC | ENTER key in order to change to the other measuring function.
Ð Connect the sensor to the two accessible jacks. The instrument displays the measured temperature using the selected unit of measure.
V
Ω
Temp
Temp
RTD
COM
Temp
TC
TC
Pt1000
1.22.4
0023
°C
.
3
FUNC
ENTER
0256
° C
.
0
TC
RTD
Ð Either the internal reference junction or an external reference temperature can be specified as the reference temperature
(see section 6.4.3). Type (“I.” for internal or “E.” for external) and
temperature of the selected reference junction appear at the right-hand auxiliary display during measurement.
TC
Measuring Range
TC K (NiCr-Ni) –250.0
… +1372.0° C
Note
The internal reference temperature (temperature of the internal reference junction) is measured by a temperature sensor inside of the instrument. This may deviate somewhat from room temperature as a result of internal heat-up, or moving from warmer to colder surroundings or vice versa.
Note
After previously performing a 10 A current measurement, the measuring instrument should be allowed to cool down for 30 minutes before performing measurements with thermocouples, in order to assure that the specified accuracy levels are achieved.
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 43
44
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
5.5.2 Measurement with Resistance Sensors
Ð Set the rotary switch to “Temp
TC
” or “Temp
RTD
”.
The last selected temperature measurement or last selected temperature sensor, i.e. type K or Pt100/Pt1000, remains in memory and is displayed. Press the FUNC | ENTER key in order to change to the other measuring function. The sensor type, i.e. Pt100 or
Pt1000, is detected automatically and displayed. There are two different ways to compensate for cable resistance:
Automatic Compensation
Ð Press the ZERO | ESC key. The “short leads” display appears.
If you prefer to enter cable resistance directly, you can skip the following entry prompt.
Ð Short circuit the measuring instrument’s connector cables.
“ 00.00” appears at the display. After pressing the FUNC | ENTER key, automatic compensation of cable resistance is activated for all subsequent measurements. The short-circuit can now be eliminated, and the device is ready for use.
Entering Cable Resistance
Ð Press the ZERO | ESC key once again in the automatic compensation menu.
Ð Enter the known resistance value of the connector cables with the scroll keys: Select the digit to be changed with the v w keys and change the respectively selected digit with the keys.
The default value is 0.43
Ω (Z3409). Values can be selected within a range of 0 to 50 Ω.
Ð Upon pressing the FUNC | ENTER key, the selected value is activated and the display is returned to the measuring function.
Cable resistance remains in memory even after the instrument has been switched off.
Temp
RTD
Temp
TC TC
1. 22.4
0023
°C
.
3
FUNC
ENTER
TC
Measuring Ranges
RTD Pt100 –200.0
… +850.0 °C
RTD Pt1000 –150.0
… +850.0 °C
V
Ω
Temp
Automatic
Compensation s h ort leads
RTD
COM
Pt1000 0256
°C
.
0
FUNC
ENTER
ZERO
ESC meas
Ω set
Ω rleads
00 .
00
ZERO
ESC rleads
00 .
50
Enter Cable Resistance
RTD
FUNC
ENTER
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
5.6
Measuring Capacitance and Cable Length in km
Ð Disconnect supply power from the electrical circuit of the device to be measured, and discharge all high-voltage capacitors.
Ð Make sure that the device under test is voltage-free.
Capacitors must always be discharged before measurement is performed.
Interference voltages distort measurement results!
Refer to section 5.1.1 regarding testing for the absence of volt-
age with the help of the direct voltage measurement.
Ð Set the rotary switch to “ ” or m.
Ð Connect the (discharged!) device under test to the sockets with the measurement cables as shown.
m k
20.00
F n
FUNC
ENTER
0.200
m m
!
Note
The “–” pole of polarized capacitors must be connected to the “^” jack.
Resistors and semiconductor paths connected in parallel to the capacitor distort measurement results!
0V !
COM
–
V
Ω
Temp
Note
Use of the power pack may result in significant deviations during capacitance and cable length measurements!
Note
This function is above all intended for the measurement of components. For telecommunication systems, it’s advisable to use the special capacitance measurement for measurements in symmetrical copper cable networks with the
METRAHIT ⏐ T-COM PLUS cable multimeter.
V Ω
Temp COM
Cable Type = Constant!
–
Measuring Ranges:
60 nF ... 600
μF
6 km / 60 km
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 45
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
5.6.1 Cable Length Measurement in m
In the cable length measuring mode, the instrument calculates length as a function of the capacitance value entered by the user:
Length (km) = measured capacitance (nF) capacitance value (nF / km)
Note
When measuring cable length, make sure that the cable parameters (e.g. cross-section) are identical. Varying cable parameters, for example interconnected cables of varying type or cross-section, distort measurement results.
Preparation and execution of this measurement is the same as for capacitance measurement.
Ð Press the multifunction key (FUNC | ENTER) until
“k” and “m” (for kilometers) appear at the display.
Note
Use of the power pack may result in significant deviations during capacitance and cable length measurements!
CAP – Scaling Factor for Cable Length Measurement
(capacitive linear electric constant)
With regard to adjusting the “CAP” scaling factor (capacitive linear
electric constant), see also section 6.4.
MEASURE
SETUP
FUNC
ENTER
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER system ... CAP
CAP set : 010 nF/km . . . 100 nF/km . . . 500 nF/km
FUNC
ENTER
(100 nF = default setting)
46 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
5.7
Measurement of Active, Apparent and Reactive power – W, VA, VAr
Measurement of Active, Apparent and Reactive Energy – Wh, VAh, VArh
The METRAHIT ENERGY is a compact power meter for direct and alternating current in single-phase systems. The current path can be measured directly (up to 10 A, max. 5 min., up to 16 A briefly for max. 30 s), or with the help of current transformers or current clamp transformers.
Power Measuring Ranges
(without current clamp; clamp factor can be calculated)
I / U range
600 μA
6 mA
60 mA
0.6 A
6 A
10 A (16 A)
0.6 V
0.36 mW
3.6 mW
36 mW
—
—
—
6 V
3.6 mW
36 mW
0.36 W
3.6 W
—
—
60 V
36 mW
0.36 W
600 V
0.36 W
3.6 W
3.6 W
36 W
36 W
0.36 kW
0.36 kW 3.6 kW
0.6 kW (0.96 kW) 6 kW (9.6 kW)
Bandwidth up to 1 kHz; signal components of higher frequency are clipped by input filters.
The instrument automatically selects the measuring range which allows for highest possible resolution of the applied quantities. It’s also possible to lock in the automatically selected measuring range with the MAN / AUTO key. If the measuring range has been locked in, this selection is retained when the instrument is switched to the energy measuring mode.
A detailed description of the measuring range selection and the lock-in function
is provided in section 4.1.2 „Power and Energy Measurements“ on page 17.
Note
If the measuring instrument activates a measuring range which is too high during automatic measuring range selection, this may be due to peak value monitoring (see
section 4.1.3 on page 17). Check the crest factor of the
respective signal in V
AC+DC
or A
AC+DC
.
Significance of the Power Factor
±1: no phase shifting
–(0 ... 0.99): capacitive; +(0 ... 0.99): inductive
–/N
V Ω
COM mA A
~
+/L
Ð First disconnect supply power from the measuring circuit or the power consumer, and discharge any capacitors.
Ð Set the rotary switch to W. The instrument displays RMS values for voltage and current, as well as active power.
Ð You can switch the display back and forth amongst active, reactive and apparent power with the and keys (including power factor).
Ð The extreme values can be displayed by pressing the DATA/MIN/
MAX key.
Ð Press the FUNC | ENTER key in order to measure active, apparent and reactive power.
Ð Connect the current and voltage path as shown above.
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 47
48
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
Measurement of Active, Apparent and Reactive Power, and Power Factor – W, VA, VAr, PF Use current clamp transformers only. Power measurement is not possible with current clamp sensors equipped with voltage output.
Note:
See also section 4.5.2, "Power and Energy Measurement in the
~
N
L
V
Ω
Temp COM mA A
Wh
W
W measuring ranges:
3.6 mW / 36 mW / 360 mW
3.6 W / 36 W / 360 W
3.6 kW / 6 kW / 36 kW* /
360 kW* / 3.6 MW*
* With current clamp trans. only
000.0
mV
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
000.0
mA
000
μ
.
00
W
AC
TRMS
DC W pf: 0.00
000
VA μ
.
00
AC
TRMS
DC VA
Min-Max Function in Power Measurement
Instantaneous power is displayed with the switch in the W setting.
The Min-Max function is activated with the DATA/MIN/MAX key. The minimum and maximum values for active, reactive an apparent power are display as of the beginning of the power measurement, along with time of occurrence (date and time). Previous Min-Max values can be cleared without exiting the function by pressing the
ZERO key.
This function differs from the general Min-Max function insofar as measurement is performed continuously in the background, even if the Min-Max display is not shown, and while the instrument is in the energy measuring mode.
Bandwidth:
... 1 kHz
PF measuring range:
–(0 ... 0.99): capacitive
+(0 ... 0.99): inductive
±1: no phase shifting
Overload capacity at 600 V:
10 A (max. 5 min.)
16 A (max. 30 s)
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
000.0
mV
000.0
mA
000
VAr μ
.
00
AC
TRMS
DC
VAr
Warnings regarding dangerous voltage:
> 30 V AC or > 35 V DC:
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
Measurement of Momentary, Minimum and Maximum Values for Active, Reactive and Apparent Power
Momentary Values
000.0
mV
000.0
mA
000
μ
DC .
00
W
AC
TRMS
W pf: 0.00
000
VA μ
DC .
00
AC
TRMS
VA
000.0
mV
000.0
mA
000
VAr μ
DC .
00
AC
TRMS
VAr
W
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
Wh
Minimum Values
Maximum Values
ZERO
ESC
= Reset
Delete all values
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
24:02:10 04:21:56
Min.
000
μ
.
00 DC
AC
TRMS
W
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
24:02:10 05:33:01
Max.
DC 000
μ
.
00
AC
TRMS
W
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
W
W
Long
24:02:10 04:21:56
Min.
000
VA μ
.
00 DC
AC
TRMS
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
24:02:10 05:33:01
Max.
DC 000
VA μ
.
00
AC
TRMS
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
VA
VA
Long
24:02:10 04:21:56
Min.
000
VAr μ
.
00 DC
AC
TRMS
VAr
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
24:02:10 05:33:01
Max.
DC 000
VAr μ
.
00
AC
TRMS
VAr
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
Long
49
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
Measurement of Active, Apparent and Reactive Energy – Wh, VAh, VArh
The instrument can be switched back and forth between energy and power measurement by pressing the FUNC | ENTER key.
Energy measurement begins as soon as power or energy measurement has been started.
Measured values resulting from power or energy measurement can be reset by pressing and holding the ZERO | ESC key for longer than 1 second. This applies to the MEAN and MAX displays as well
(mean power values and maximum mean power values).
Energy measurement is an integration of measured power over a period of time: If integration duration is long enough (negligible settling times), accuracy of the energy measurement corresponds to the measuring accuracy of the power measurement on which it is based.
Mean Power Values
Mean power consumption can be displayed by pressing the DATA/
MIN/MAX key, which can be reset after an adjustable observation period that can be configured in the menu under SEt > dEMAnd tiME. The observation period is selected synchronous to clock time, so that the mean value generating period for the first value is usually shorter than the selected observation period.
Example: demand time = 15 min., start time for first period: 16:36
=> the first value is generated at 16:45, the second at 17:00 etc.
If the auto-send function has been activated and energy measurement has been selected, mean power consumption values are transmitted after this point in time, if the dEMAnd option has been selected in the menu under Set > Energy > Store.
Note
Due to the fact that invalid values occur briefly during measuring range switching for current or voltage during power measurement, it’s advisable to lock into the largest measuring range during energy measurement in the event of frequent range changes.
Maximum Mean Value for Power Consumption
The maximum mean power consumption value during the observation period can be read out with date and ending time of the observation period by repeatedly pressing the DATA/MIN/MAX key
(dEMAnd tiME parameter: see page 68).
50 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
Measurement of Energy Values, and Mean Power Values for Active, Reactive and Apparent Power
W>Wh
FUNC
ENTER
Energy Values energy
000
μ
.
00:00:00
On
DC 00
AC
TRMS
Wh
Wh energy 00:00:00
On
DC 000
VA μ
.
00
AC
TRMS h
VAh energy 00:00:00
000
μ VAr
.
On
00 DC
AC
TRMS h
VArh
W
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
Wh
Mean
Power Values mean 00:00:00
On
DC 000
μ
.
00
AC
TRMS
W
W
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
Observation Period
Setup → dEMAnd
Time
Maximum
Mean Power
Values
ZERO
ESC
Long long (1 s)
= Reset
Delete all Values
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
00:00:00 00:00:00
Max.
DC 000
μ
.
00
AC
TRMS
W
W
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX mean 00:00:00
On
DC 000
VA μ
.
00
AC
TRMS
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
00:00:00 00:00:00
Max.
DC 000
VA μ
.
00
AC
TRMS
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
VA
VA mean 00:00:00
On
DC 000
VAr μ
.
00
AC
TRMS
VAr
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
00:00:00 00:00:00
Max.
DC 000
VAr μ
.
00
AC
TRMS
VAr
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
51
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
5.8
Current measurement
Notes Regarding Current Measurement
• The multimeter may only be operated with installed batteries or rechargeable batteries. Dangerous currents are otherwise not indicated, and the instrument may be damaged.
• Set up the measuring circuit in a mechanically secure fashion, and secure it against inadvertent breaks. Select conductor cross-sections and lay out connections such that they do not overheat.
• An intermittent acoustic signal warns of current greater than 10 A.
An continuous acoustic signal warns of current greater than 16 A.
• When measuring high current values, limit them to maximum 16 A for
30 seconds and allow the multimeter to cool down for 10 minutes between measurements.
• For purposes of orientation, internal temperature in close proximity to the jacks is displayed at the right-hand auxiliary display in the 6 A and
10 A or 16 A ranges.
• The input for the current measuring range is equipped with a fuse link. Use specified fuses only! The fuse must have a breaking capacity of at least 30 kA.
• If the fuse for the active current measuring range blows, “ FvSE” appears at the digital display, and an acoustic signal is generated at the same time.
• If a fuse should blow, eliminate the cause of overload before placing the multimeter back into service!
• Fuse replacement is described in section 9.3.
• Be absolutely certain that the measuring ranges are not overloaded beyond their allowable capacities. Limit values are in-
cluded in section 8, "Technical Data”, in the table entitled
“Measuring Functions and Measuring Ranges” in the “Overload
Capacity” column.
Scope of Functions, Current Measurement, Direct Connection
Function Switch Position
Transformation ratio SEt menu, CliP=OFF
Measuring Range
A AC+DC TRMS
A DC
A AC
Hz (A AC) thd (A AC)
~
A
A /~
A /~
A /~
A /~
Scope of Functions, Current Measurement with Current Clamp Sensor
Function Switch Position
Transformation ratio SEt menu, CliP
≠OFF
600
μA, 6/60/600 mA, 6 A / 10 (16) A
600
μA, 6/60/600 mA, 6 A / 10 (16) A
600
μA, 6/60/600 mA, 6 A / 10 (16) A
... 60 kHz
A AC+DC
A DC
A AC
Hz (A AC) thd (A AC)
V
V
V~
V~
Scope of Functions, Current Measurement with Current Clamp Transformer
Function Switch Position
Transformation ratio SEt menu, CliP
≠OFF
A AC
Hz (A AC) thd (A AC)
A AC+DC
A DC
A /~
A /~
A /~
A
A /~
52 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
5.8.1 Direct Current Measurement
Measurement of Pulsating, Direct and Alternating Current, and Frequency
A (DC+AC), A DC and A AC/Hz Direct, and Total Harmonic Distortion
Ð First disconnect supply power from the measuring circuit or the power consumer (1), and discharge any capacitors. See circuit diagram on next page.
Ð In accordance with the current to be measured, set the rotary switch to A or A /~.
Note
Set the CL iP parameter to 0FF in the current clamp setup menu. Otherwise all displayed measured values are corrected by the amount resulting from the selected transformation ratio for an interconnected current clamp trans-
former. The clamp symbol is also displayed. Refer to section
5.8.2, "Current Measurement with Current Clamp Sensor”;
regarding adjustment.
Ð Select the type of current appropriate for the measured quantity by briefly pressing the FUNC | ENTER multifunction key. Each time the key is pressed, the instrument is switched back and forth between A (DC + AC)
TRMS
, A DC, A AC
TRMS
/Hz and % thd, which is indicated by means of an acoustic signal. The current type is indicated at the LCD by means of the
(DC+AC)
TRMS
, DC or AC
TRMS
symbol.
thd measurement: Total harmonic distortion appears at the main display as a percentage relative to the fundamental harmonic, and the total RMS value of distortion appears at the right-hand auxiliary display in A.
Ð Safely connect the measuring instrument (without contact resistance) in series to the power consumer (2) as shown.
Ð Switch supply power to the measuring circuit back on (3).
Ð Read the display. Make a note of the measured value if the instrument is not being operated in the memory mode or the transmission mode.
Ð Disconnect supply power from the measuring circuit or the power consumer (1) once again, and discharge any capacitors.
Ð Remove the test probes from the measuring point and return the measuring circuit to its normal condition.
Crest Factor Display
Crest factor is displayed for current in the A (AC+DC) function simultaneously along with the measured current value. The peak current value is measured simultaneously in a separate measuring circuit to this end, and crest factor is displayed within a range of
1.0 to 11.0.
This value indicates the quality of the applied signal. The only prerequisite is a periodic signal with a valid frequency (see table).
Measuring range: 1.0 ≤ CF ≤ 11.0; resolution: 0.1
Typical (not specified) maximum deviation for signals greater than
5% of the measuring range:
Frequency
10 to 70 Hz
70 to 440 Hz
440 Hz to 1 kHz
CF ≤ 3.0
±02
±02
±05
3.0 < CF ≤ 5.0
±0.2
±0.5
Not valid
5.0 < CF ≤ 10.0
±0.5
Not valid
Not valid
> 1 kHz: Not valid Not valid Not valid
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 53
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
Harmonic Analysis – Total Harmonic Distortion THD
With 32 sampled values per mains period (16.7; 50; 60 or 400 Hz can be selected in the menu), harmonic analysis is executed approximately once per second. FFT (fast Fourier transformation) makes oscillations up to the 15 th
harmonic available to this end.
These are used to calculate the RMS values of the fundamental harmonic (HD 1) and the individual higher harmonics (HD 2 ... 15), as well as total harmonic distortion (THD). RMS values and distortion components are displayed in each case (RMS values relative to the RMS value of the fundamental harmonic).
Due to the fact that the TRMS system multimeter is not equipped with a special anti-aliasing filter, existing distortion above the 16 th harmonic may influence measurement results for the higher harmonics.
Parameters for Harmonic Analysis
Ð Before measurement, please select the fundamental mains frequency from the HARM menu with the help of the HARM.F parameter, namely 16.7, 50, 60 or 400 Hz (50 Hz = default
setting) (see section 6.4, "Entering Parameters – SETUP
54 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
CL ip = 0ff
!
A
A
/
Current measurement may only be performed with installed batteries!
8.8.8.8.8
A measuring range:
600 μA / 6 mA
60 mA / 600 mA
6 A* / 10 A* (16 A max. 30 s)
Hz measuring range:
1 ... 60 kHz
Total RMS value of distortion in A thd: total distortion as percentage relative to fundamental harmonic
*
Additional temperature display
(internal temperature at jacks) in the 6 A and 10 A ranges
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Cf : 01.0
000
A μ
.
* 24.6° C
00 DC
AC
TRMS
A
Crest factor CF: 1 ... 11%
FUNC
ENTER
* 24.6° C
000 .
00 DC
A
~
1
R x
3
~
2
COM mA A
R x
!
I > 10 A
I > 16 A
Current
FUNC
ENTER
Harmonics: 2 ... 15
%
000.00
Hz * 24.6° C
000
A μ
.
00
AC
TRMS
Frequency
A~
FUNC
ENTER thd: 000
μ
000 .
0
AC
TRMS
A thd
ZERO
ESC
% harm:2 000
μ
000 .
0
AC
TRMS
A
RMS value,
2 nd
harmonic
Distortion through
2 nd
harmonic
Fundam. harmonic: 1 st
harmonic
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
HArM
% harm:1 000
μ
100 .
0
AC
TRMS
A
HArM:1 RMS value of fund. harmonic in A
100% for fund. harmonic
FUNC
ENTER
Parameters for harmonic analysis:
Line frequency: harm .f
: 16 .7 /50 /60 /400 Hz
Measuring range: 1.range
: 600μA/6 /60 /600mA/6 /10 A/auto
55
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
5.8.2 Current Measurement with Current Clamp Sensor
Voltage/Current Transformer Output
When a current clamp sensor is connected to the system multimeter (V input), all current displays appear with the correct value in accordance with the selected transformation ratio. The only prerequisite is that the current sensor is equipped with at least one of the below listed transformation ratios, and that the ratio has been previously selected in the following menu ( Cl ip ≠ 0FF) (see also
Current Clamp Setup Menu
MEASURE
SETUP
FUNC
ENTER
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER
system
CLIP set : 1:1 / 10/100/1000 / 0ff
... CLIP
FUNC
ENTER
V~
V Ω
Temp
1kHz dB
COM
V
R i
R i
R i
≥ 9 MΩ
≥ 17 MΩ (DC)
V
[ PQ
!
Max. 600 V (< 10 kHz) max. 100 V (> 10 kHz)
P max
= 6 x 10
6
V x Hz
]
Trans. Ratio
CL IP
1:1
1 m V / 1 mA
1:10
1 mV / 10 mA
1:100
1 mV / 100 mA
1:1000
1 mV / 1 A
DMM Measuring Range
600 mV 6 V
600.00 mA
6.0000 A
60.000 A
600.00 A
6.0000 A
60.000 A
600.00 A
6000.0 A
60 V
60.000 A WZ12C
600.00 A
6000.0 A
60000 A
Clamp Types
WZ12B, Z201A/B,
METRAFLEX
Z202A/B,
METRAFLEX
Z202A/B, Z203A/B,
WZ12C,
METRAFLEX
The maximum allowable operating voltage is equal to the nominal voltage of the current transformer. When reading the measured value, additional error resulting from the current clamp sensor must also be taken into consideration (default setting:
Cl ip = 0FF).
~
R x
Current
> 30 V AC / > 35 V DC:
> 600 V:
Harmonic Analysis with Current Clamp Sensor
Parameters for harmonic analysis:
56 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
Alternating Current Measurement with Current Clamp Sensor – A AC and Hz
CL ip ≠ 0FF !
V~
Hz 050.00
100
A
.
50
1:1000
AC
TRMS
Hz
A~
1kHz dB
FUNC
ENTER
Harmonic Analysis with Current Clamp Sensor – thd and A AC
CL ip ≠ 0FF !
[ PQ ]
% thd:
000 .
000
A
1:1000
0
AC
TRMS
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
050
Hz
.
00
1:1000
AC
TRMS
Hz
% harm:1 000
A
1:1000
100 .
0
AC
TRMS
Direct and Pulsating Current Measurement with Current Clamp Sensor – A DC and A (DC+AC)
CL ip ≠ 0FF !
V 000
A
.
00
1:1000
DC
A
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
V
FUNC
ENTER
% harm:2 000
A
1:1000
000 .
0
AC
TRMS Cf : 01.0
000
A
.
00
1:1000
DC
AC
TRMS
A
CF
ZERO
ESC
Harmonics: 3 ... 15
Parameters: set > harm > harm .f
: 16 .7 /50 /60 /400 Hz
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 57
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
5.8.3 Current Measurement with Current Clamp Transformer
Alternating Current Measurement and Total Harmonic Distortion,
Direct and Pulsating Current – A AC and thd, A DC, A AC+DC
Current/Current Transformer Output
When a current clamp transformer is connected to the multimeter
( mA/A input) all current displays appear with the correct value in accordance with the selected transformation ratio. The only prerequisite is that the current transformer is equipped with at least one of the below listed transformation ratios, and that the ratio has been previously selected in the following menu ( Cl ip ≠ 0FF) (see
Note
The order of the measuring functions for switch position A is changed when a clip factor is selected:
The two AC measuring functions, A AC and thd (A AC), are moved to the beginning, because DC current cannot be measured with common current clamp transformers.
Trans. Ratio
CL IP
1:1
1 mA / 1 mA
1:10
1 mA / 10 mA
1:100
1 mA / 100 mA
1:1000
1 mA / 1 A
DMM Measuring Range
60 mA AC 600 mA AC
60.000 mA
600.00 mA
6.0000 A
60.000 A
600.00 mA
6.0000 A
60.000 A
600.00 A
(default setting: Cl ip = 0FF)
Clamp Types
6 A AC
6.0000 A
60.000 A
600.00 A
6000.0 A
WZ12A, WZ12D,
WZ11A, Z3511,
Z3512, Z3514
Current Clamp Setup Menu
MEASURE
SETUP
FUNC
ENTER
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER
system ...
CL IP set : 1:1 / 10/100/1000 / 0ff
CLIP
FUNC
ENTER
58 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% –
Ω/nS/R
SL
– / – Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd
CLiP = 1:1/10/100/1000
!
A
A
/
Current measurement may only be performed with installed batteries!
8.8.8.8.8
A measuring range:
60 mA / 600 mA / 6 A to 0.7 A continuous
10 A 5 min
COM mA A
R i
≤ 3 Ω
~
Current
R x
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
000.00
Hz
00 .
000
A
1:1000
AC
TRMS
A~
FUNC
ENTER
% thd:
000 .
00.0
A
1:1000
0
AC
TRMS thd
FUNC
ENTER
Cf : 01.0
00 .
000
A
1:1000
DC
AC
TRMS
A
FUNC
ENTER
Fundam. harmonic: 1 st
harmonic
MAN / AUTO
DATA/MIN/MAX
HArM
% harm:1 00.0
A
100 .
0
AC
TRMS
HArM:1 RMS value of the fundam. harmonic in A
100% for fundam. harmonic
Harmonics: 2 ... 15
% harm:2 00.0
A
000 .
0
AC
TRMS
RMS value.
2 nd
harmonic
Distortion through
2 nd
harmonic
00 .
000
1:1000
FUNC
ENTER
Parameters for harmonic analysis:
Line frequency: set > harm > harm .f
: 16 .7 /50 /60 /400 Hz
Measuring range: set > harm > U.range
: 600mV/6 /60 /600V/auto
Measuring range: set > harm >1.range
: 600μA/6 /60 /600mA/6 /10 A/auto
59
Device and Measuring Parameters
6 Device and Measuring Parameters
The instrument’s “ SET” mode (menu mode) makes it possible to set operating and measuring parameters, query information and activate the interface.
Ð The menu mode is accessed by pressing the MEASURE | SETUP key, assuming that the instrument is switched on and set to
“Measure” (measuring mode operation).
“ 1nFo” appears at the display.
Ð The main menus, i.e. the “SET”, “SEnd” and “StorE” menus, are accessed, and the display is returned to “ 1nFo” by repeatedly activating the keys (in any direction).
Ð After selecting the desired main menu, sub-menus are accessed by pressing the FUNC | ENTER key.
Ð The desired parameter is selected by repeatedly pressing the
keys.
Ð In order to change a parameter, acknowledge it with the
FUNC | ENTER key, after which “ SET” appears in the right-hand auxiliary display.
Ð The keys can be used to position the cursor at the entry position.
The desired value is selected with the help of the keys.
Ð Changes can only be accepted with the FUNC | ENTER key, after which “ SET” is cleared from the display.
Ð You can return to the sub-menu without making any changes by pressing the ZERO | ESC key, and to the main menu by pressing the ZERO | ESC key once again.
After repeatedly pressing the MEASURE | SETUP key (without first turning the multimeter off), you can return to the last selected menu or parameter from the measuring mode.
The instrument is returned to measuring mode operation by pressing the MEASURE | SETUP key.
Example: Setting Time
MEASURE
SETUP
FUNC
ENTER
1nFo ... set
FUNC
ENTER
System t iME10 :24:35
FUNC
ENTER tiME set
System
: 10:24:35 (hh:mm:ss)
FUNC
ENTER
Setting hours and minutes:
Advance to desired entry position.
Change the setting, the entry position blinks.
Press and hold the key to change the setting rapidly.
FUNC
ENTER
The new time setting is activated after acknowledgment.
60 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Device and Measuring Parameters
6.1
Paths to the Various Parameters
Cf : 01.0
200.00
V
DC
AC
TRMS
Main Menus
→
1nFo
MEASURE
SETUP
SET
1nfo
SEnd StorE
FUNC
ENTER
FUNC
ENTER
FUNC
ENTER
FUNC
ENTER
Submenus / parameters
↓
Query bAtt :
0CCvP : t iME
/
/date : ver
/ caldat : tEMP intern :
Select / set system events
CLiP bEEP r_sl
Cap dbref tempunit tempintern mains harm energy tiMe
, dAtE h-trig mains .f
,
Acknowledge
FUNC
ENTER
,
,
Addr l-trig ,
1 range
,
, irStb events demand t ime
, store
, harm .f
, v.range
, 1.range
APoFF rate lovolt limit
,
, blight, 0.disp
hivolt limit , dip limit ,
Set
StArt
StoP
Acknowledge
FUNC
ENTER swell limit ,
Select / set
StArt/StoP
CLEAr : yes
/ no hyst rate trig t.store
Acknowledge peak limit ,
FUNC
ENTER trans limit
Acknowledge
FUNC
ENTER
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 61
Device and Measuring Parameters
6.2
List of all Parameters, Main Menus and Submenus
Menus
Parameters
0.disp
Addr
APoFF bAtt bEEP blight
65: bLiGht – Disable Deactivation of Background Illumination
SEt/SYStEM
Cap
CLEAr
CLAMP dAtE
66: CAP – Scaling Factor for Cable Length Measurement (capacitive linear electric constant)
22: Measurement Data Recording – Memory Mode Operation, STORE Menu Function
66: CLiP – Set Transformation Ratio (current clamp factor)
SEt
StorE
SEt
63: tiME /dAtE – Query Time/Date, 64: dAtE – Enter Date
SEt/SYStEM dBrEF
66: dbrEF – Set Reference Value for Alternating Voltage Level Measurement
SEt demand time
SEt/EnErGY diplimit
69: SwELL and diP Limit – Trigger Thresholds for Brief Overvoltages and Undervoltages
energy
energy Store
68: EnErGY StorE – Scope of Stored Values for Power and Energy Measurements
events harm hivolt
65: EVEntS – Event Counter Sampling Rate and Trigger Thresholds
71: HArM – Harmonic Analysis Parameter
69: LoVolt and HiVolt – Trigger Thresholds
hyst
1nfo irStb lovolt mains mains.f
73: HYSt – Hysteresis (parameter for memory mode operation)
63: Querying Parameters – InFo Menu (as moving letters)
76: Configuring Interface Parameters
69: LoVolt and HiVolt – Trigger Thresholds
69: MAinS – Mains Disturbance Recording Parameter
0CCvP
63: Querying Parameters – InFo Menu (as moving letters)
rAtE r_sl
72: rAtE – Transmission and Storage Rate
66: r_SL – Set Limit Value for Low-Resistance Measurement
SEt/MAinS
SEt/EnErGY
SEt/EnErGY
SEt/EVEntS
SEt/HArM
SEt/MAinS
StorE
InFo
SEt/SYStEM
SEt/MAinS
SEt/MAinS
SEt/MAinS
SEt/MAinS
InFo
SEt/EnErGY
SEt
SEnd
SET
StArt
StoP
Store
Page: Header
65: 0.diSP – Show/Hide Leading Zeros
76: Configuring Interface Parameters
64: APoFF – Specified Time for Automatic Shutdown and Continuous On
63: bAtt – Query Battery Voltage
66: bEEP – Set Limit Value for Continuity Testing
75: Activating the Continuous Transmission Mode
64: Entering Parameters – SETUP Menu
22: Measurement Data Recording – Memory Mode Operation, STORE Menu Function
72: StorE Submenu – Parameters for Memory Mode Operation
Menu / Submenu Function / Switch Position
SEt/SYStEM
SEt/SYStEM
SEt/SYStEM
InFo
SEt
SEnd
SEt
StorE
StorE
StorE
All
Interface operation
All except PQ, W and Wh
Parameters query / all
All m
Memory mode operation
A
All dB
W/VA/VAr
PQ
W/VA/VAr
W/VA/VAr
V V
A /~ (THD)
PQ
Memory mode operation
Parameters query / all
Interface
PQ
PQ
PQ
PQ
Memory occupancy / all
Memory mode operation
Ω
Interface operation
Parameters menu
Memory mode operation
62 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Device and Measuring Parameters
Menus
Parameters
Page: Header Menu / Submenu
Swell system
69: SwELL and diP Limit – Trigger Thresholds for Brief Overvoltages and Undervoltages
tEMPintern 63: tEMP intErn – Query Reference Temperature
SEt/MAinS
SEt/SYStEM
InFo
tEMpunit
66: tEMP unit – Select a Unit of Measure for Temperature
t iME
63: tiME /dAtE – Query Time/Date, 64: tiME – Set Time
SEt
SEt/SYStEM
Function / Switch Position
PQ
All
Temp TC/RTD
Temp TC/RTD
Temp TC/RTD
All trig tstore vErSion
73: triG – Trigger Conditions for Memory Mode Operation
74: tStorE – Recording Time (parameter for memory mode operation)
63: vErSion /cALdAt – Query Firmware Version and Calibration Date
StorE
StorE
InFo
Memory Mode Operation
Memory Mode Operation
Parameters query
6.3
Querying Parameters – InFo Menu (as moving letters) bAtt – Query Battery Voltage
MEASURE
SETUP
1nFo
FUNC
ENTER bAtt : 2.75 V.
vErSion /cALdAt – Query Firmware Version and Calibration Date
MEASURE
SETUP
1nFo
FUNC
ENTER bAtt : ... caldat : 31.02.10
VEr : 1.00
OCCUP
– Query Memory Occupancy
MEASURE
SETUP
1nFo
FUNC
ENTER bAtt : s ... s 0CCvP: 000.0 % tiME /dAtE – Query Time/Date
MEASURE
SETUP
1nFo
FUNC
ENTER bAtt : ... dAtE: 31.12.2009 (DD.MM.YY) t iME: 13 :46:56 (hh:mm:ss) h = hours, m = minutes, s = seconds
D = day, M = month, Y = year
Date and time must be reentered after replacing the batteries.
tEMP intErn – Query Reference Temperature
The temperature of the internal reference junction is measured with a temperature sensor in close proximity to the input sockets.
MEASURE
SETUP
1nFo
FUNC
ENTER bAtt : ... 1tEMP intern : 24 °C
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Device and Measuring Parameters
6.4
Entering Parameters – SETUP Menu
6.4.1 SYSTEM Submenu tiME – Set Time
Entering the correct time makes it possible to acquire measured values in real-time.
MEASURE
SETUP
1nFo ... SET system t iME
FUNC
ENTER system
FUNC
ENTER
FUNC
ENTER
10 :24:34 (hh:mm:ss)
FUNC
ENTER
Date and time must be reentered after replacing the batteries.
dAtE – Enter Date
Entering the current date makes it possible to acquire measured values in real-time.
MEASURE
SETUP
1nFo ... SET system t iME ... dAte
FUNC
ENTER
FUNC
ENTER system
FUNC
ENTER dAte set 22 .02. (DD: day . MM: month)
FUNC
ENTER
2010 (YYYY: year)
FUNC
ENTER
Date and time must be reentered after replacing the batteries.
Addr – Set Device Address
irStb – Status of the Infrared Receiver in the Stand-By Mode
See section 7.2 on page 76 regarding settings.
APoFF – Specified Time for Automatic Shutdown and Continuous On
The instrument is switched off automatically if the measured value remains unchanged for a long period of time and if none of the keys or the rotary switch have been activated before the specified
“ APoFF” time (entered in minutes) has elapsed.
Automatic shutdown is disabled in the following operating modes: continuous operation, mains analysis, power or energy measurement and whenever dangerous contact voltage (U > 30 V AC or U
> 35 V DC) is applied to the input (exception: memory mode).
If the on setting is selected, the multimeter is set to continuous operation and ON appears in the display to the right of the battery symbol. In this case, the multimeter can only be switched off manually. The “on” setting can only be canceled by changing the respective parameter, or by switching the instrument off manually.
In this case, the parameter is reset to 10 minutes.
MEASURE
SETUP
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER system
FUNC
ENTER system t iME ... system APoFF
FUNC
ENTER
APoFF set : 1 ... 59 min on
FUNC
ENTER
(10 minutes = default setting)
64 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
bLiGht – Disable Deactivation of Background Illumination
If necessary, automatic deactivation of background illumination can be disabled with this parameter setting or via the interface.
MEASURE
SETUP
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER system
FUNC
ENTER system t iME ... system blight
FUNC
ENTER blight set : apoff / on
FUNC
ENTER
Note
Each time the instrument is switched on, the bLiGht parameter is reset to bLiGht = APoFF!
0.diSP – Show/Hide Leading Zeros
This parameter determines whether or not leading zeros will appear in the measured value display.
MEASURE
SETUP
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER system
FUNC
ENTER system t iME ... system 0 .diSP FUNC
ENTER
0 .diSP set:
00000 .0 : with leading zeros (default value)
0 .0
: leading zeros suppressed
FUNC
ENTER
Device and Measuring Parameters
6.4.2 EVEntS Submenu
EVEntS – Event Counter Sampling Rate and Trigger Thresholds
An event is recorded whenever at least one measured value has fallen short of the L-trig threshold, and subsequently at least one measured value has exceeded the H-trig threshold. Voltage signals with a repetition frequency of less than 500 Hz, or less than 2 Hz, are recorded (events rate of 0.001 or 0.5 seconds).
MEASURE
SETUP
FUNC
ENTER
FUNC
ENTER
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER system events trig/events rate DC h-trig set : -60000 ... +60000
... events
FUNC
ENTER
FUNC
ENTER l-trig set : -60000 ... +60000 events rate : 0 ..001 /0..5 s
FUNC
ENTER
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 65
Device and Measuring Parameters
6.4.3 General Parameters
CLiP – Set Transformation Ratio (current clamp factor)
MEASURE
SETUP
FUNC
ENTER
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER
system
CL IP set : 1 / 10/100/1000 / 0ff
...
FUNC
ENTER
CL IP bEEP – Set Limit Value for Continuity Testing
MEASURE
SETUP
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER system ... bEEP
FUNC
ENTER bEEP set : 001, 010, 020 ... 500 Ω in 10 Ohm steps
FUNC
ENTER
(10 Ω = default setting) r_SL – Set Limit Value for Low-Resistance Measurement
MEASURE
SETUP
FUNC
ENTER
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER system ... r _sl set : 00 .1 ... 00.3 ... 60 .9 Ω, 0 L
r _sl
FUNC
ENTER
(0.3 Ω = default setting)
CAP – Scaling Factor for Cable Length Measurement (capacitive linear electric constant)
MEASURE
SETUP
FUNC
ENTER
FUNC
ENTER
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER system ... CAP
CAP set : 010 nF/km . . . 100 nF/km . . . 500 nF/km
(100 nF/km = default setting) dbrEF – Set Reference Value for Alternating Voltage Level Measurement
MEASURE
SETUP
FUNC
ENTER
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER system dbrEF set : 00 ..001 ... 99 ..999 V
...
FUNC
ENTER dbrEF
(0.775 V = default setting) tEMP unit – Select a Unit of Measure for Temperature
MEASURE
SETUP
FUNC
ENTER
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER un it set : °C / °F system
FUNC
ENTER
... tEMP un it
(°C = default setting)
66 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
tEMP intErn/ExtErn – Select Internal or External Reference Junction
External Reference Junction: Specified Temperature
MEASURE
SETUP
FUNC
ENTER
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER system ... tEMP set : tEMP intern / tempextern
tEMP intern
FUNC
ENTER extern set : 000 ..0 °C
FUNC
ENTER
(internal reference = default setting)
Device and Measuring Parameters
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 67
Device and Measuring Parameters
6.4.4 EnErGY Submenu dEMAnd tiME – Time Interval for Mean Value Generation (parameter for power measurement in memory mode)
The dEMAnd tiME parameter specifies the length of the time period during which measured power is averaged for the display of
a mean power value (see section 5.7 on page 47).
MEASURE
SETUP
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER system ... energy
FUNC
ENTER demand time : 00 ..01 /00 ..02/00 ..05/00 ..10/00 ..15/00 ..20/00 ..30/
01 ..00 (hh:mm)
FUNC
ENTER
(15 min = default setting)
EnErGY StorE – Scope of Stored Values for Power and Energy
Measurements
The StorE parameter (mode) can be used to specify which values will be saved to memory during power and energy measurements when memory mode operation is active. There are three possibilities:
• Normal (default setting): Momentary values for current, voltage, active, reactive and apparent power, as well as power factor, are acquired and saved to memory at the selected sampling rate
(rAtE parameter, at least 0.5 s).
• Demand: Mean power values for active, reactive and apparent power are saved to memory at the end of each observation period as specified with the dEMAnd tiME parameter.
• All: Momentary values are saved at the selected sampling rate and mean power values are saved at the end of each observation period.
68 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Device and Measuring Parameters
6.4.5 MAinS Submenu
MAinS – Mains Disturbance Recording Parameter
MEASURE
SETUP
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER system ... mains
MAinS.F – Select Line Frequency
Selection of the measuring signal line frequency is required for the calculation of the TRMS half-cycle value:
FUNC
ENTER mains .f set : 50 /60 Hz
LoVolt and HiVolt – Trigger Thresholds
You can specify the limits within which AC+DC TRMS voltage must lie in the following two displays. If these limits are exceeded or fallen short of, a HiVolt or a LoVolt event is recorded.
These limits are specified in digits independent of range, and
60,000 digits correspond to the full measuring range span.
FUNC
ENTER
FUNC
ENTER lovolt limit hivolt limit
: 00 000 ... .60 000 Digit
: 00 000 ... .60 000 Digit
MAinS rAnGE – Select a Measuring Range for Mains Disturbance
Recording
Mains disturbance recording takes place within the specified, fixed measuring range. Exception: Event type +/–trAnS is always detected within the 200 to 1000 V range.
FUNC
ENTER range set : 6 . 0000/60 . 000/600 .00 V
SwELL and diP Limit – Trigger Thresholds for Brief Overvoltages and
Undervoltages
A TRMS half-cycle value is calculated for each of the signal’s halfcycles. If this value is less than the selected lower limit (diP Limit) or greater than the upper limit (SwELL Limit), a dip or swell event is recorded.
The entry is made in digits, and 60,000 digits correspond to the full measuring range span.
FUNC
ENTER
FUNC
ENTER dip limit : 00 000 ... .60 000 Digit swell limit
: 000 00 ... . 60 000 Digit
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Device and Measuring Parameters
PEAK LiMit – Maximum Peak Value for Measuring Voltage
The momentary value of the applied signal is measured 1200 times per second and compared with the limit selected here (independent of polarity). If this value exceeds the selected limit, a +/–
PEAK event is recorded for the respective half-cycle, and the peak voltage value of the half-cycle is then displayed.
The limit is specified in digits: Due to the fact that this value is the peak voltage value, a value which is greater than the measuring range span (which corresponds to 60,000 digits) can be selected.
FUNC
ENTER peak limit : 000 000 ... .100 000 Digit
FUNC
ENTER
Steep Sloped Voltage Transients
A trigger threshold can be specified here as an absolute value for steep sloped voltage transients which are superimposed to mains voltage. This is a polarity-independent entry relative to the momentary value. Regardless of the selected measuring range, acquisition always takes place within a range of 200 to 1000 V.
FUNC
ENTER trans limit : 200 ... . 600 V
FUNC
ENTER
Note
Due to the fact that it’s possible to record one +PEAK and one –PEAK event for each half-cycle, as many as 200 or 240 events can occur per second if the limit is set too low!
70 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
6.4.6 HArM Submenu
HArM – Harmonic Analysis Parameter
In order to analyze the measuring signal’s harmonics, its fundamental frequency must be specified wit the HARM.F parameter.
Due to the fact that the MAN key is used for another purpose in the harmonic analysis function, it cannot be used to switch back and forth between automatic and manual range selection. For this reason, the U.ranGE and I.ranGE parameters are used to specify a measuring range for harmonic analysis:
• U.Range (I.range) = auto:
Automatic range selection is used at the voltage jack (current jack) for harmonic analysis.
• U.range (I.range) ≠ auto: Manual range selection is enabled at the voltage jack (current jack) for harmonic analysis, and the selected range is used. The range can be changed with the left and right scroll keys.
MEASURE
SETUP
FUNC
ENTER
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER system harm .f set : 16 .7 /50 /60 /400 Hz
... harm
FUNC
ENTER
FUNC
ENTER
FUNC
ENTER v.range set
1.range set
: 600 mV/6 /60 /600 V/auto
: 600 μA/6 /60 /600 mA/6 /10 A/auto
Device and Measuring Parameters
Note
Clip factor and type are not taken into consideration for this range selection, and the actual measuring range is selected instead.
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 71
Device and Measuring Parameters
6.4.7 StorE Submenu – Parameters for Memory Mode Operation rAtE – Transmission and Storage Rate
The sampling rate specifies the time interval after which the respective measured value is transmitted to the interface, or to measured value memory.
If a sampling rate is selected which is greater than auto power off time
(see APoFF parameter on page 64), the instrument is switched off
automatically after auto power off time has elapsed, and back on again roughly 10 seconds before the next measuring point.
The following rates (ms values) can be selected:
0.0005 s, 0.001 s, 0.002 s, 0.005 s, 0.01 s, 0.02 s, 0.05 s
(valid for V DC and A DC only, see section 4.5.1 on page 24)
[mm:ss.z] 00:00.1, 00:00.2, 00:00.5, 00:01.0, 00:02.0, 00:05.0
[h:mm:ss.z] (h = hours, m = minutes, s = seconds , z= tenths of a second)
0:00:10, 0:00:20, 0:00:30, 0:00:40, 0:00:50, 0:01:00, 0:02:00, 0:05:00,
0:10:00, 0:20:00, 0:30:00, 0:40:00, 0:50:00, 1:00:00, 2:00:00, 3:00:00,
4:00:00, 5:00:00, 6:00:00, 7:00:00, 8:00:00, 9:00:00, SAMPLE, dAtA
Storage of Individual Values Using the SAMPLE or dAtA Sampling Rate
If only individually selected values need to be saved, the SAMPLE value must be selected as the StorE > rAtE sampling value. If memory mode operation is then started, a single measured value is saved to permanent memory with time stamp when the DATA/
MIN/MAX key is pressed and held until two rapidly repeating acoustic signals are generated (not in the case of mains analysis).
If dAtA is selected as the StorE > rAtE sampling rate, and if memory mode operation is then started, measured values ascertained with activated DATA function are automatically saved to permanent memory with time stamp.
Setting the Sampling Rate
MEASURE
SETUP set : 00 :
1nFo
00
.
1
...
...
00 : 00 .
store
5
...
9 : 00 :
FUNC
ENTER
... rAtE
00 sample data
(00:00.5 = 0.5 s = default value)
FUNC
ENTER
FUNC
ENTER
The last selected value is retained, even after switching the instrument off.
If the selected sampling rate is too short for the measuring function, the smallest valid sampling rate is used automatically.
72 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Device and Measuring Parameters
HYSt – Hysteresis (parameter for memory mode operation)
The hysteresis setting allows for efficient use of memory space.
During memory mode operation, new measured data are only saved if they deviate from the previously stored value by an amount which exceeds the selected hysteresis value.
Hysteresis can be selected in steps from 1 to 10,000 digits. These digits are related to the measuring range as follows: The position of the set digit in the specified hysteresis value corresponds to the same position within the measuring range, although counting is started at the left
Example: A specified hysteresis of 00100 for the 600.00 V measuring range means that only those measured values which deviate from the last measured value by more than 001.00 V are saved to memory.
Note
Due to the fact that the value is specified in digits (highest place all the way to the left), and thus depends on the measuring range, it’s advisable to use the function with a fixed measuring range only.
MEASURE
SETUP
FUNC
ENTER
1nFo ... store
FUNC
ENTER
... hyst set : 00000 ... 10000
hyst
FUNC
ENTER triG – Trigger Conditions for Memory Mode Operation
The setting StorE > triG SEt = sto-ou / sto-in / off can be used to specify how measured value recording is started and stopped:
• trig = off: Recording is started with Store > Start and stopped with Store > Stop.
• trig = sto-ou: Recording is started as soon as a measured value occurs which is outside of the selected measuring limits, and is stopped as soon as the measuring limits are once again complied with, or the selected recording period has elapsed.
• trig = sto-in: Recording is started as soon as a measured value occurs which is within a specified band, and is stopped as soon as this is no longer the case, or after the maximum recording period has elapsed.
This band is specified with the help of the L_triG lower limit and the
H_triG upper limit. Querying takes place in the event that trig off is selected. Bandwidths are specified in digits and defined by the measuring range limit, which, in the case of V DC for example, corresponds to 60,000 (–60,000 to +60,000). In measuring functions with a small measuring range span (e.g. dB with 6,000 digits), it is not useful to set the trigger threshold above this me asuring range span. It’s thus advisable to perform measurement with a fixed measuring range. Due to the fact that rapid momentary value acquisition (see section 4.5.1) has a large measuring range span, limit values of greater than 60,000 digits can be selected.
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 73
Device and Measuring Parameters
Actual measurement is always executed using the sampling rate selected in “Store > rAtE”.
MEASURE
SETUP
1nFo ... store
FUNC
ENTER
... trig
FUNC
ENTER
FUNC
ENTER trig set : sto-ou / sto-in / off l_trig set
: -300000 ... +300000
FUNC
ENTER h_trig set : -300000 ... +300000
FUNC
ENTER
6.5
Default Settings (factory settings) – Reset
Previously entered changes can be undone, and default settings can be restored. This may be advisable under the following circumstances:
• After the occurrence of software or hardware errors
• If you are under the impression that the multimeter does not work correctly
Ð Disconnect the device from the measuring circuit.
Ð Remove the batteries temporarily (see also section 9.2).
tStorE – Recording Time (parameter for memory mode operation)
This parameter determines whether or not measured values will be recorded for a limited time only. If recording time will be limited, its duration can be entered in hours, minutes and seconds. “On” means unlimited recording time.
MEASURE
SETUP
1nFo ... store
FUNC
ENTER
... t .store
FUNC
ENTER t .store set : on /99:00:00 (hh:mm:ss)
FUNC
ENTER
Ð Simultaneously press and hold the keys, and connect the battery at the same time.
ZERO
ESC
and
ON / OFF
LIGHT
After completion of the recording time t.StorE, the end of the storage process is signalled by 2 short acoustic signals (as from firmware version V1.14).
74 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Interface Operation
7 Interface Operation
Your instrument is equipped with an infrared interface: Data and commands are transferred through the instrument housing by means of infrared light to an interface adapter (accessory) which is plugged onto the multimeter and connected to a PC via USB.
The multimeter can be controlled by the PC via this interface without any action required from the user (e.g. operation of the rotary switch or keys) in order to:
• Configure and read out measuring parameters
• Select a measuring function and a measuring range
• Start measurement
• Read out stored measured values
Starting Continuous Transmission Operation with Menu Functions
MEASURE
SETUP
1nFo ... SEnd
FUNC
ENTER
StArt
FUNC
ENTER send
The symbol blinks at the display in order to indicate interface operation.
Stopping Continuous Transmission Operation with Menu Functions
MEASURE
SETUP
FUNC
ENTER
1nFo ... SEnd stop
FUNC
ENTER
FUNC
ENTER send stop
7.1
Activating the Continuous Transmission Mode
The interface is automatically activated for receiving operation
(multimeter receives data from the PC) as soon as the interface is addressed by the PC, assuming that the “ 1rStb” parameter has been set to “
on” (see section 7.2), or the instrument is already swit-
ched on (the first command wakes up the multimeter, but does not yet execute any further commands).
The “continuous transmission” operating mode is selected manually as described below. When set to this operating mode, the instrument continuously transmits the following data at the sampling rate selected under StorE > rAtE:
• Momentary measured value(s)
• Measuring function
• Measuring range(s)
The symbol is cleared from the display.
Automatic Activation and Deactivation of Transmission Mode Operation
If the sampling rate is 10 minutes or longer, the display is switched off automatically between samples in order to prolong battery service life. The only exception is when the multimeter is set to continuous operation.
As soon as an event occurs, the display is automatically switched back on, and then off again.
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 75
Interface Operation
7.2
Configuring Interface Parameters
1rStb – Status of the Infrared Receiver in the Stand-by Mode
There are two possible switching statuses for the infrared interface when the multimeter is switched off: on: IR appears at the display and the infrared interface is active, i.e. signals such as making commands can be received, and power is consumed even though the multimeter is switched off.
oFF: IR does not appear at the display and the infrared interface is switched off; signals cannot be received.
Addr – Address
If several multimeters are connected to the PC via an interface adapter, a separate address can be assigned to each instrument.
Address number 1 should be selected for the first instrument, 2 should be assigned to the second and so forth.
MEASURE
SETUP
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER system time ... system addr
FUNC
ENTER addr set : 00 ... 01 ... 15
system
FUNC
ENTER
FUNC
ENTER
(15 = default setting)
MEASURE
SETUP
1nFo ... SET
FUNC
ENTER system time ... system irStb
FUNC
ENTER irstb set : off /on
system
FUNC
ENTER
FUNC
ENTER
( on = default value, oFF = status upon delivery)
76 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Technical Data
8 Technical Data
Meas.
Function
A
A
V dB
A
Ω nS
RPE
Measuring Range
Resolution at Upper
Range Limit
60,000 6,000
60 mV 1
μV
600 mV 10
μV
6 V 100 μV
60 V 1 mV
600 V 10 mV
0.6 ... 600 V~ 0.01 dB
Input impedance
Intrinsic Uncertainty under Ref. Cond. for High Resolution (59,999 digits)
±(... % rdg. + ... d) ±(... % rdg. + ... d) ±(... % rdg. + ... d)
~
/
0.02 + 15 with ZERO
≥ 17 MΩ
≥ 17 MΩ
≥ 17 MΩ
≥ 17 MΩ
≥9 MΩ // < 50 pF 0.02 + 15 with ZERO
≥9 MΩ // < 50 pF
≥9 MΩ // < 50 pF
≥9 MΩ // < 50 pF
Display range where reference voltage
0.02 + 15
0.02 + 15
0.02 + 15
U
REF
= 0.775 V
~
1
—
0.2 + 30
0.2 + 30
0.2 + 30
0.2 + 30
Intrinsic uncertainty
1
—
1 + 30
1 + 30
1 + 30
1 + 30
Overload Capacity
2
Value
600 V
DC
AC
TRMS sine
Time
Max. 10 s
Cont.
–48 dB ... +58 dB 0.1 dB (U > 10% MR)
600 V
DC / AC
TRMS sine
Cont.
600 mA 10 nA
6 mA 100 nA
60 mA 1 μA
600 mA 10 μA
6 A 100
μA
10 A 1 μA
Factor: 1:1/10/100/1000 Input
0,06/0,6/6/60 A
0,6/6/60/600 A
6/60/600/6 000 A
0,6/6/60/600 A
6/60/600/6000 A
60/600/6000/60000A
600 Ω
6 k Ω
60 k Ω
600 k
Ω
6 M
60 M
600
Ω
Ω nS
60
Ω
600
Ω
6,0 V
3
60 mA
600 mA
10 m Ω
100 m Ω
1 Ω
10
Ω
100 Ω
1 k Ω
0.1 nS
001
Ω
—
—
Voltage drop at approx. range limit
60 mV
160 mV
180 mV
250 mV
60 mV
160 mV
180 mV
250 mV
360 mV
600 mV
Input impedance
3 Ω
0,4
Ω
60 m Ω
360 mV
600 mV
6 A
600 mV
6 V
60 V
Voltage measurement input
(V jack) Ri = 9 M Ω
Open-circuit voltage Meas. current at range limit
< 1.4
< 1.4
< 1.4
< 1.4
< 1.4
V
V
V
V
V
Approx. 250 μA
Approx. 60 μA
Approx. 7 μA
Approx. 0.8
μA
Approx. 180 nA
< 1.4
< 1.4
V
V
9 V
0.1
Ω Approx. 3.2
V
1 mV Approx. 9 V
Approx. 15 nA
0.45
μA
Approx. 3 mA
Approx. 1 mA const.
Approx. 1 mA const.
0.2 + 30
See A
~
1
0.5 + 25
0.5 + 25
0.5 + 25
0.5 + 25
0.5 + 25
0.5 + 25
±(... % rdg. + ... d)
0.1 + 5 with ZERO function active
0.1 + 5
0.1 + 5
0.2 + 5
0.5 + 5
2.0 + 10 (battery operation)
2 + 10 (as of 3% MR)
1 + 5 with ZERO function active
1 + 5 with ZERO function active
0.5 + 3
1
1.0 + 30
1.0 + 30
1.0 + 30
1.0 + 30
1.0 + 30
1.0 + 30
~
current measuring range for specification
See V
Plus current clamp transformer error
~ 1
voltage measuring range for specification
Plus current clamp sensor error
0.7 A
10 A:
≤ 5 min. 10
16 A: ≤ 30 s 10
Measurement input
0.7 A continuous
10 A: 5 min.
Measurement input
600 V RMS max. 10 s
600 V
DC
AC
TRMS sine
Cont.
Max. 10 s
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 77
Technical Data
Meas.
Function
F
Hz (V)
Hz (A)
Hz (A
Hz (V)
MHz
%
)
Measuring Range
60 nF
600 nF
6 μF
60 μF
600
μF
600.00
Hz
6.0000 kHz
60.000 kHz
300.00 kHz
600 Hz ... 1 MHz
2.0 ... 98 %
5.0 ... 95 %
10 ... 90 %
Resolution at Upper
60,000
—
—
—
—
—
0.01 Hz
0.1 Hz
1 Hz
10 Hz
0.01 ...
100 Hz
—
—
—
Range Limit
6,000
10 pF
100 pF
1 nF
10 nF
100 nF
0.01 %
0.01 %
0.01 %
Discharge res.
1 M
Ω
100 k
Ω
12 k Ω
12 k Ω
3 k
Ω
Input impedance,
V jack: Ri = 9 M Ω
15 Hz ... 1 kHz
1 ... 10 kHz
10 ... 50 kHz
U
0max
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
V
V
V
0.7
V f min
5
1
10
V
Hz
Hz
1 ... 100 Hz
1
1
1
Hz
Hz
Hz
1
4
5
2
3
6
°C/°F
Pt100
Pt1000
K
(NiCr-Ni)
– 200.0 ...
+850.0
°C
– 150.0 ...
+850.0
°C
– 250.0 ...
– 150
°C
– 150
°C ...
+1372.0
°C
0.1
°C
Specified accuracy valid as of 1% of the measuring range for AC, and 3% for
AC+DC. See frequency influence on page 81.
At 0
° ... + 40 °C
Display of up to maximum 6.0 V, “OL” in excess of 5.1 V.
Applies to measurements at film capacitors during battery operation
Lowest measurable freq. for sinusoidal measuring signals symmetric to zero point
Overload capacity of the voltage measurement input: power limiting: frequency x max. voltage 6 x 10
6
V x Hz for U > 100 V
Intrinsic Uncertainty under Reference
Conditions for High Resolution (59,999 digits)
±(... % rdg. + ... d)
1 + 10
4 with ZERO function active
1 + 6
4
1 + 6
4
1 + 6
4
5 + 6
4
±(... % rdg. + ... d)
Overload Capacity
Value
600 V
DC
AC
TRMS sine
Time
2
Max. 10 s
0.05 + 5
8
As of 15 % MR for U
≥ 0.18 V
Hz (V)
6:
Hz(A )
6:
600 V Max. 10 s
Hz (A):
7
0.05 + 5 > 2 V ... 5 V
0.1 MR + 10 d > 2 V ... 5 V
0.1 MR per kHz
+ 10 d
> 2 V ... 5 V
0.1 MR per kHz
+ 10 d
> 2 V ... 5 V
±(... % rdg. + ... d)
0.3 + 10
9
600 V Max. 10 s
0.3 + 10
9
1.0% + 2.0 K
9
600 V
DC/AC
RMS sine
Max. 10 s
1.0% + 0.5 K
9
8
9
7
10
Overload capacity of current measurement input: see current measuring ranges for maximum current values.
Input sensitivity, sinusoidal signal, 10% to 100% MR (mV range: as of 30%)
Plus sensor deviation for measurement with external reference temperature, plus
±2 K for internal reference temperature
Off-time > 30 min. and T
A
≤ 40 °C
Key: d = digit(s), MR = measuring range, rdg. = reading (measured value)
78 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Crest Factor CF
Measuring range: 1.0 ≤ CF ≤ 11.0, resolution: 0.1
Typical (not specified) maximum deviation:
Frequency
10 to 70 Hz
70 to 440 Hz
440 Hz to 1 kHz
CF ≤ 3.0
±02
±02
±05
3.0 < CF ≤ 5.0
±0.2
±0.5
Not valid
> 1 kHz Not valid Not valid
5.0 < CF ≤ 10.0
±0.5
Not valid
Not valid
Not valid
Permissible Crest Factor for Voltage and Current
2
3
1
Technical Data
Additional error caused by the signal’s crest factor: rdg.
rdg.
Power Measurement (measuring ranges for a current clamp factor of 1)
– Single-Phase Measurement for Direct and Alternating Current
Measuring
Function
W, VAr, VA
Measuring
360
Range
μW
3.6 mW
36 mW
360 mW
Resolution at
Upper Range
Limit
36,000 counts
10 nW
100 nW
1
μW
10 μW
100
μW
1 mW
3.6
W
36 W
360
600
W
W
3.6
kW
6 kW
36 kW
1
360 kW
1
3600 kW
1
10 mW
100 mW
100 mW
1
1
10
100
W
W
W
W
1
2
Ranges achieved with current clamp only
Off-time > 30 min. and T
A
≤ 40 °C
Overload Capacity at 0 ... + 40 °C
Value
V: 600 V
A: 10 A
DC
AC
TRMS sine
Time
V continuous
10 A: 5 min.
2
16 A: 30 sec.
2
Displayed Value [counts]
Curve 1:
Curve 2:
Curve 3: range from 0.6 to 60 V, 0.6 mA to 10 A
600 V range power measurement
Above figure: Influence of Crest Factor on Display Range
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 79
Technical Data
Intrinsic Uncertainty and Frequency Influence for Power and Energy
Measurement
Measured
Quantity
Voltage, auxiliary display
Current, auxiliary display
Power factor
I
Measuring
Range
U ≥ 0.1 x Umax and U ≥ 0.15 V
≥ 0.01 x Imax
Apparent power
Active power
Reactive power
|PF| ≥ 0.4
|PF| <
0.4
|PF| ≤ 0.8
1
Not applicable in mV range
Intrinsic Uncertainty ±(... % rdg + ... d)
DC 10 Hz ... 65 Hz 65 Hz ... 1 kHz
0.5 + 10
0.2 + 5
1 d
1.0 + 20
1.0 + 20
—
—
0.3 + 10
0.1 + 5
1 d
0.4 + 20
0.4 + 20
1.0 + 20
1.0 + 20
0.4 + 10
1
0.9 + 10
+ 1 d
1
1.3 + 20
1
1.5 + 20
1
3.0 + 20
1
3.0 + 20
1
Display range
– Current and voltage: 6000 digits
– Apparent, reactive and active power: 36,000 digits
– Power factor: 100 digits
Intrinsic error: stable sinusoidal voltage, stable sinusoidal current, mean voltage value: max. 10% amplitude. U > 9% of the upper range limit is usually the case during normal operation due to auto-ranging, except in the smallest range.
Bandwidth up to 1 kHz; signal components of higher frequency are clipped by input filters.
Note:
Power is measured with a separate measurement circuit: As a result, specified accuracies for voltage and current measurement do not correspond with the specified values for the respective measuring functions. Principally, DC voltage linearity is only assured with voltages of
≥ 0.15 V or ≥ 10% of the upper range limit.
Additional deviation for U, I during power measurement with higher crest factor, f = 0 … 65 Hz:
CF = 2: -0.3% rdg., CF = 3: -0.9% rdg.,
CF = 4: -1.5% rdg., CF = 5: -2.5% rdg.
Square-cycle signal 10 to 65 Hz to U or I: additional intrinsic uncertainty of +0% / -0.7% rdg.
Mains Monitoring / Mains Disturbance Recording
Type of
Disturbance
Measuring Range Resolution
(display)
Intrinsic Uncertainty under
Reference Conditions with
Fixed Frequency of 50/60 Hz
Pulse Time
Over/ undervoltage
6 ... 600 V 60,000 digits
Dip/swell
Peak
Transient
6 ... 600 V
6 ... 600 V
200 ... 1000 V *
6000 digits
6000 digits
10 V
±(1% rdg. + 1% MR)
±(1% rdg. + 2% MR)
± 50 V
* Absolute value of the transients is limited to approximately 1000 V by input protection.
≥ 1 half-cycle
≥ 1 ms
0.5 ... 5
μs
Internal clock
Time format
Resolution
Accuracy
Temp. influence
DD.MM.YYYY hh:mm:ss
0.1 s
±1 min./month
50 ppm/K
Reference Conditions
Ambient temperature
Relative humidity
+23 °C ±2 K
40 ... 75%
(no condensation allowed)
Meas. quantity frequency 45 ... 65 Hz
Meas. quantity waveform Sine
Battery voltage 1.8 V ... 3.2 V
80 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Technical Data
Influencing Quantities and Influence Error
Influencing
Quantity
Temperature
Sphere of
Influence
0 °C ... +21 °C and
+25 °C ... +40 °C
Measured Quantity/
Measuring Range
60 mV
1
600 mV ... 600 V
600 mV
V , 6 ... 600 V
600
Ω ... 60 MΩ, nS
A , ,
60 nF ... 6
μF, km
60, 600 μF
Hz, dB
Diode measurements
RPE measurement
Pt100 / Pt1000
Type K thermocouple
1
Power measurement: V
Influence Error per 10 K
±(...% rdg. + ... d)
0.2 + 5
0.1 + 5
0.3 + 20
0.2 + 10
0.2 + 5
0.2 + 10
1 + 5
3 + 5
0.2 +10
0.3 + 5
1 + 10
0.5 + 10
0.2 + 10
0.3 + 10
Power measurement: A
W, VA, Wh, VAh
0.2 + 5
0.5 + 10
1
The 60 mV DC range and thermocouple measurement are sensitive to temperature fluctuation: For this reason, specified values are not valid until 30 minutes after ambient temperature has stabilized.
Influencing
Quantity
Measured Qty. /
Measuring Range
Sphere of Influence
Intrinsic Uncertainty
±( ... % rdg. + ... d)
3
Frequency
V
AC
600.00 mV
6.0000 V
...
60.00 V
600.00 V 2
> 15 Hz ... 45 Hz
> 65 Hz ...
1 kHz
> 1 kHz ... 20 kHz
> 20 kHz ... 100 kHz
4
> 15 Hz ... 45 Hz
> 65 Hz ...
1 kHz
> 1 kHz ... 20 kHz
> 20 kHz ... 100 kHz
4
> 15 Hz ... 45 Hz
> 65 Hz ...
1 kHz
> 1 kHz ... 20 kHz
3 + 30
2 + 30
3 + 30
3.5 + 30
4
2 + 30
1 + 30
3 + 30
3.5 + 30
4
2 + 30
1 + 30
3 + 30
2
3
4
A
AC
600.00 mA
...
10.0000 A
> 15 Hz ... 45 Hz
> 65 Hz ... 10 kHz
3 + 25
Power limiting: frequency x voltage max. 6 x 10
6
V x Hz for U > 100 V
The accuracy specification for frequency response is valid as of a display value of
10% of the measuring range for both measuring modes with the TRMS converter in the A AC and A (AC+DC) ranges.
Frequency response up to 100 kHz, > 60 kHz plus 5%
Influencing
Quantity
Relative humidity
Battery voltage
Sphere of
Influence
75%
3 days instrument off
1.8 ... 3.2 V
V
V
Measured Quantity
, A, Ω, F, Hz, dB, °C
, A, Ω, F, Hz, dB, °C
Influence Error
1 x intrinsic uncertainty
Included in intrinsic uncertainty
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 81
Technical Data
Influencing
Quantity
Common mode interference voltage
Series-mode interference voltage
Sphere of Influence
Interference quantity max. 600 V
Interference quantity max. 600 V
50 Hz ... 60 Hz, sine
Measured Quantity/
Measuring Range
V
6 V , 60 V
600 V
Damping
> 120 dB
> 80 dB
> 70 dB
Interference quantity V ,
respective nominal value of the measuring range, max. 600 V , 50 Hz ... 60 Hz, sine
Interference quantity max. 600 V
V
V
> 50 dB
> 100 dB
Data Interface
Type
Data transmission
Protocol
Baud rate
Optical via infrared light through the housing
Serial, bidirectional (not IrDa compatible)
Device specific
38,400 baud
Functions – Select/query measuring functions and parameters
– Query momentary measurement data
– Read out stored measurement data
The USB X-TRA plug-in interface adapter (see accessories) is used for adaptation to the PC’s USB port.
Response Time (after manual range selection)
Measured Quantity/
Measuring Range
V , V , dB
AV , A
600 Ω ... 6 MΩ nS, RPE
60 M Ω
Continuity (acoustic signal)
°C (Pt100)
60 nF ... 600 μF
> 10 Hz
Digital Display
Response Time
1.5 s
3 s
3 s
8 s
< 50 ms
Max. 3 s
1.5 s
Max. 2 s
1.5 s
Measured Quantity
Jump Function
From 0 to 80% of upper range limit value
From ∞ to 50% of upper range limit value
From 0 to 50% of upper range limit value
Internal Measured Value Storage
Memory capacity 16 MBit for approx. 300,000 measured values with indication of date and time
82 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Technical Data
Power Supply
Battery 2 each 1.5 V AA batteries, alkaline manganese per IEC LR6
(2 each 1.2 V NiMH rechargeable batteries also possible)
With alkaline manganese: approx. 120 hrs.
Service life
Battery Indicator
Power OFF function The multimeter is switched off automatically:
– When battery voltage drops below approx. 1.8 V
– If none of the keys or the rotary switch are activated for an adjustable duration of 10 to 59 min. and the multimeter is not in the continuous operation mode
(assuming the instrument is not set to power measurement or mains analysis)
Power pack socket
Battery capacity display with battery symbol in 4 segments: .
Querying of momentary battery voltage via menu function.
If the NA X-TRA power pack has been plugged into the instrument, the batteries are disconnected automatically.
Rechargeable batteries can only be recharged externally. Power pack voltage:
5.1 V ±0.2 V
Display
Transreflective LCD panel (65 x 36 mm) with display of up to 3 measured values, unit of measure, type of current and various special functions.
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Background illumination
LED fiber-optic background illumination is switched off approximately 1 minute after it has been activated. If necessary, automatic deactivation of background illumination can be disabled with the appropriate parameter setting or via the interface.
Display / char. height 7-segment characters
Main display: 13 mm
Auxiliary displays: 7.5 mm
Number of places
Overflow display
60,000 counts/steps
“OL” is displayed as of 61,000 + 1 digits
Polarity display
Sampling rate
“–” sign is displayed if plus pole is connected to “ ⊥”
10 or 40 measurements per second with the Min-Max function except for the capacitance, frequency, duty cycle and power measuring functions, 2000 measurements per second for fast DC measurement
Refresh rate
V (DC, AC+DC), A,
Ω, ,
EVENTS AC/DC, count 2 per second
Hz, °C (Pt100, Pt1000) 1 to 2 per second
°C (J, K) 0.5 per second
83
Technical Data
Acoustic Signals
For voltage
For current
Fuse
Fuse link
Electrical Safety
Intermittent signal at above 600 V
Intermittent signal at above 10 A
Continuous signal at above 16 A
FF (UR) 10 A/1000 V AC/DC;
10 mm x 38 mm; breaking capacity of
30 kA at 1000 V AC/DC; protects the current measurement input in the 600 μA to 10 A ranges
Ambient Conditions
Accuracy range
Op. temp. range T
A
0 °C to +40 °C
−10 °C to +50 °C *
Storage temp. range −25 °C to +70 °C (without batteries)
Relative humidity 40 to 75%, no condensation allowed
Elevation
Deployment
To 2000 m
Indoors, except within specified ambient conditions
* Exception: measurement of current > 10 to 16 A, operation at up to 40 °C
Per IEC 61010-1:2001/VDE 0411-1:2002
Protection class II
Measuring category CAT III
Operating voltage 600 V
Pollution degree
Test voltage
2
5.2 kV~
CAT IV
300 V
Mechanical Design
Housing
Dimensions
Weight
Protection
Impact resistant plastic (ABS)
200 x 87 x 45 mm
(without rubber holster)
Approx. 0.4 kg with batteries
Housing: IP 52
(pressure equalization via housing)
Table Excerpt Regarding Significance of IP-Codes
(1 st
IP XY
digit X)
5
Protection Against Foreign
Object Entry
Dust protected
(2 nd
IP XY
digit Y)
2
Protection Against
Penetration by Water
Dripping (at angle of 15°)
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Interference emission
Interference immunity
EN 61326-1: 2006 class B
EN 61326-1: 2006
EN 61326-2-1: 2006
84 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Maintenance – Calibration
9 Maintenance and Calibration
!
Attention!
Disconnect the instrument from the measuring circuit before opening the battery compartment lid or fuse cover in order to replace batteries or fuses!
Note
Battery Replacement
Stored measurement data are not lost when the batteries are replaced. The selected operating parameters remain in memory, although date and time must be reentered.
9.1
Displays – Error Messages
Message
FUSE
Function Meaning
Current measurement Blown fuse
In all operating modes Battery voltage has fallen below 1.8 V
0 L u r
Measuring
Measuring
Indicates overflow (overload)
Indicates that the measuring range has been fallen short of (under range)
Charge Level
The current battery charge level can be queried in the “ 1nfo” menu:
MEASURE
SETUP
1nFo
FUNC
ENTER bAtt : 2.75 V.
9.2
Batteries
Note
Removing the Batteries During Periods of Non-Use
The integrated quartz movement draws power from the batteries even when the instrument is switched off. It’s advisable to remove the batteries during long periods of non-use for this reason (e.g. vacation). This prevents excessive depletion of the batteries, which may result in damage under unfavorable conditions.
Make sure that no battery leakage has occurred before initial startup, as well as after long periods of storage. Continue to inspect the batteries for leakage at short, regular intervals.
If battery leakage has occurred, carefully and completely clean the electrolyte from the instrument with a damp cloth, and replace the battery before using the instrument.
If the “ ” symbol appears at the display, the batteries should be replaced as soon as possible. You can continue working with the instrument, but reduced measuring accuracy may result.
The instrument requires two 1.5 V batteries in accordance with
IEC R 6 or IEC LR 6, or two equivalent rechargeable NiMH batteries.
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 85
86
Maintenance – Calibration
Replacing the Batteries
!
Attention!
Disconnect the instrument from the measuring circuit before opening the battery compartment lid in order to replace the batteries.
Ð Set the instrument face down onto the working surface.
Ð Turn the slotted screw on the lid with the battery symbols counterclockwise.
Ð Lift off the lid and remove the batteries from the battery compartment.
Ð Insert two new 1.5 V mignon batteries into the battery compartment, making sure that the plus and minus poles match up with the provided polarity symbols.
Ð When replacing the battery compartment lid, insert the side with the guide hooks first.
Tighten the screw by turning it clockwise.
Ð Please dispose of depleted batteries in accordance with environmental protection regulations!
9.3
Fuse
Testing the Fuse
The fuse is tested automatically:
• When the instrument is switched on with the rotary switch in the
A position
• When the instrument is already on and the rotary switch is turned to the A position
• In the active current measuring range when voltage is applied
If the fuse is blown or has not been inserted, “FuSE” appears at the digital display. The fuse interrupts the current measuring ranges. All other measuring ranges remain functional.
fuse
A
DC Blown Fuse
Replacing the Fuse
If a fuse should blow, eliminate the cause of overload before placing the instrument back into service!
!
Attention!
Disconnect the instrument from the measuring circuit before opening the fuse cover in order to replace the fuse!
Ð Set the instrument face down onto the working surface.
Ð Turn the slotted screw on the cover with the fuse symbol counterclockwise.
Ð Lift off the cover and pry the fuse out using the flat side of the fuse cover.
Ð Insert a new fuse. Make sure that the fuse is centered, i.e. between the tabs at the sides.
Ð When replacing the fuse cover, insert the side with the guide hooks first.
Tighten the screw by turning it clockwise.
Ð Dispose of the blown fuse with the trash.
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Maintenance – Calibration
9.4
Housing Maintenance
No special maintenance is required for the housing. Keep outside surfaces clean. Use a slightly dampened cloth for cleaning. Avoid the use of cleansers, abrasives or solvents.
9.5
!
Attention!
Use specified fuses only!
If fuses with other blowing characteristics, other current ratings or other breaking capacities are used, the operator is placed in danger, and protective diodes, resistors and other components may be damaged.
The use of repaired fuses or short-circuiting the fuse holder is prohibited.
If you use batteries or rechargeable batteries in your instrument or accessories which no longer function properly, they must be duly disposed of in compliance with the applicable national regulations.
Batteries or rechargeable batteries may contain harmful substances or heavy metal such as lead (PB), cadmium (CD) or mercury
(Hg).
They symbol shown to the right indicates that batteries or rechargeable batteries may not be disposed of with the trash, but must be delivered to collection points specially provided for this purpose.
Pb Cd Hg
Return and Environmentally Sound Disposal
The instrument is a category 9 product (monitoring and control instrument) in accordance with ElektroG (German electrical and electronic device law). This device is subject to the RoHS directive. Furthermore, we make reference to the fact that the current status in this regard can be accessed on the Internet at www.gossenmetrawatt.com by entering the search term WEEE.
We identify our electrical and electronic devices in accordance with WEEE 2012/19EU and ElektroG using the symbol shown at the right per DIN EN 50419.
These devices may not be disposed of with the trash.
Please contact our service department regarding the return of old
devices (see address on page 4).
9.6
Recalibration
The respective measuring task and the stress to which your measuring instrument is subjected affect the ageing of the components and may result in deviations from the guaranteed accuracy.
If high measuring accuracy is required and the instrument is frequently used in field applications, combined with transport stress and great temperature fluctuations, we recommend a relatively short calibration interval of 1 year. If your measuring instrument is mainly used in the laboratory and indoors without being exposed to any major climatic or mechanical stress, a calibration interval of
2-3 years is usually sufficient.
During recalibration* in an accredited calibration laboratory
(DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025) the deviations of your instrument in relation to traceable standards are measured and documented. The deviations determined in the process are used for correction of the readings during subsequent application.
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 87
Maintenance – Calibration
We are pleased to perform DAkkS or factory calibrations for you in our calibration laboratory. Please visit our website at www.gossenmetrawatt.com ( → Company → DAkkS Calibration
Center or → FAQs → Calibration questions and answers).
By having your measuring instrument calibrated regularly, you fulfill the requirements of a quality management system per
DIN EN ISO 9001.
* Verification of specifications or adjustment services are not part of the calibration. For products from our factory, however, any necessary adjustment is frequently performed and the observance of the relevant specification is confirmed.
9.7
Manufacturer’s Guarantee
All METRA HIT digital multimeters and calibration instruments are guaranteed for a period of 3 years after date of shipment. The manufacturer’s guarantee covers materials and workmanship.
Damages resulting from use for any other than the intended purpose or operating errors, as well as any and all consequential damages, are excluded.
The calibration certificate confirms that the product conformed to the specified technical data at the time of calibration. We guarantee the observance of the specified technical data within the admissible tolerance limits for a period of 12 months from delivery.
88 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Accessories
10 Accessories
10.1 General
The extensive accessories available for our measuring instruments are checked for compliance with currently valid safety regulations at regular intervals, and are expanded as required for new applications. Currently up-to-date accessories which are suitable for your measuring instrument are listed at the following web address along with photo, order number, description and, depending upon the scope of the respective accessory, data sheet and operating instructions: www.gossenmetrawatt.de ( → Measuring Technology –
Portable → Digital Multimeters → METRA HIT⏐ ... → Multimeter
Accessories).
10.2 Technical Data for Measurement Cables
(KS17-2 safety cable set included with instrument)
Electrical Safety
Max. rated voltage
Measuring category 1000 V CAT III, 600 V CAT IV
Max. rated current: 16 A (with safety caps applied 1 A)
Ambient Conditions (EN 61010-031)
Temperature
Relative Humidity
Pollution Degree
–20 °C ... + 50 °C
Max. 80%
2
Application
In conformity with standard DIN EN 61010-031, measurements in an environment according to measuring category III and IV may only be performed with the safety caps applied to the test probes of the measurement cables.
For establishing contact in 4 mm jacks you have to remove the safety cap by levering out the snap lock of the safety cap with another sharp object (e. g. the second test probe).
10.3 NA X-TRA Power Pack (Z218G: not included)
Use power packs from GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH only in combination with your instrument. This assures operator safety by means of an extremely well insulated cable, and safe electrical isolation (nominal secondary ratings: 5 V / 600 mA). Installed batteries are disconnected electronically if the power pack is used, and need not be removed from the instrument.
Note
Use of the power pack may result in significant deviations during capacitance measurement and in the 60 M Ω range!
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 89
Accessories
10.4 PMA 16 Power Measuring Adapter (Z228A: not included)
The PMA 16 power measuring adapter is an intermediate plug for safe, trouble-free measurement of power consumption of singlephase consumers connected by means of a plug. The power consumer’s protective conductor remains functional during measurement.
10.5 Interface Accessories (not included)
USB X-TRA Bidirectional Interface Adapter (Z216C)
E series METRAHIT multimeters which are equipped with a serial
IrDa interface can be connected to a USB port at a PC with the adapter. The adapter allows for data transmission between the multimeter and the PC.
V Ω
Temp
Blue
Black
V
COM mA A
A
Red
METRAwin10 PC Analysis Software
METRAwin10 PC software is a multilingual, measurement data logging program* for recording, visualizing, evaluating and documenting measured values from METRAHIT multimeters.
Details on the system requirements are given in the installation instructions of METRAwin 10/METRAwin 45.
N
PE
L
Load
PMA16
90
* runs under any IBM compatible Windows operating system
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Glossary
11 Glossary – Abbreviations of Measuring Functions and Measuring Parameters with their Meanings
Descriptions of the following measuring functions and their use
are included in section 5. Descriptions of the following measuring
parameters and their settings are included in section 6.
Descriptions of device parameters and their settings (which are
not listed here) are included in section 6.
Abbreviation
(Sub) Menu
Parameter
CAP
CF
CLiP dB dbrEF dEMAnd tiME diP diP LiMit
Meaning General Description
Description Specifically for this Instrument
Application
Chapter / Page
Scaling factor
Crest factor
A scaling factor (capacitive linear electric constant) must be entered in order to be able to measure cable length in meters or kilometers.
Relationship of peak value to TRMS value.
Measuring range: 1.0
≤ CF ≤ 11.0
Voltage level measurement is used in order to ascertain overall attenuation or boosting of a Voltageleve l dB = 20 transmission system.
Where U
1
= U
REF
= dbrEF (reference level).
Display value > 0 dB: boosting; display value < 0 dB: attenuation
Parameter: dbrEF
⋅ log
U
-----
U
2
1
Cable length measurement
Voltage measurement
Current measurement
Current clamp factor When a current clamp sensor or transformer is connected to the system multimeter (V or mA/A input) all current displays appear with the correct value in accordance with the selected transformation ratio.
Current clamp measurement
Voltage level Alternating voltage level measurement
Reference level
Time interval for mean value generation
Reference value for alternating voltage level measurement (see dB).
This parameter specifies the observation time period for mean value generation during power
measurement (see page 50). Acquisition is synchronous to clock time, for which reason the first
mean value usually does not span the entire specified duration.
Voltage drop If the TRMS half-wave value falls short of the specified diP LiMit value, a voltage drop (dip) is detected. Parameter: diP LiMit
Voltage drop limit value See diP
Unit of measure in digits, 60,000 = full measuring range
Memory mode operation for power and energy measurement
Power disturbance analysis
Switch
Position /
Menu m
SEt menu
V , A
V, A
SEt menu dB
SEt menu
W
SEt menu >
EnErGY
PQ
SEt menu >
MainS
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 91
Glossary
Abbreviation
(Sub) Menu
Parameter
EVEntS
HArM
HArM.F
HiVolt LiMit
H_triG
H_triG
HYSt
I.rAnGE
LoVolt LiMit
L_triG
92
Meaning General Description
Description Specifically for this Instrument
Application
Chapter / Page
Submenu for events recording parameters
Submenu for harmonics parameters
An event is recorded whenever at least one measured value has fallen short of the L-trig threshold for at least one second, and subsequently at least one measured value has exceeded the H-trig threshold for at least one second.
Parameters: L-TriG, H-TriG and rAtE DC
Events recording
Parameters menu for harmonic analysis:
Included parameters: HArM.F (fundamental frequency), U.rAnGE (voltage measuring range) and
I.rAnGE (current measuring range).
Fundamental frequency See HArM
Line frequency of the fundamental frequency (here: 16.7, 50, 60 or 400 Hz)
Harmonic analysis
Upper trigger threshold The threshold value for overvoltage (HiVolt LiMit) while monitoring the TRMS voltage value can be entered here in digits. The full measuring range corresponds to 60,000 digits.
Power disturbance analysis
Upper trigger threshold See EVEntS Events recording
Upper trigger threshold See StorE
Hysteresis
Current range of the harmonics
The hysteresis setting allows for efficient use of memory space. During memory mode operation, new measured data are only saved to a new memory block if they deviate from the previously stored value by an amount which exceeds the selected hysteresis value.
See HArM
Current range of the harmonics (here: auto, 600 μA, 6, 60, 600 mA, 6 A, 10 A)
Note: Clamp factor is not taken into consideration!
Selective memory mode operation
Memory mode operation
Harmonic analysis
Lower trigger threshold The threshold value for undervoltage (LoVolt LiMit) while monitoring the TRMS voltage value can be entered here in digits. The full measuring range corresponds to 60,000 digits.
Lower trigger threshold See EVEntS
Power disturbance analysis
Events recording
Switch
Position /
Menu
V
SEt menu >
EVEntS > triG
SEt menu >
HArM
PQ
SEt menu >
MainS
V
SEt menu >
EVEntS > triG
All
StorE menu
> triG
All
SEt menu >
StorE
A
SEt menu >
HArM
PQ
SEt menu >
MainS
V
SEt menu >
EVEntS > triG
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Abbreviation
(Sub) Menu
Parameter
L_triG
MAinS
MAinS rAnGE
MAinS.F
nS
Peak
PEAK LiMit
PF r_SL rAtE
Glossary
Meaning General Description
Description Specifically for this Instrument
Application
Chapter / Page
Lower trigger threshold See StorE
Submenu for power disturbance analysis parameters
Line voltage measuring range
Parameters:
MAinS.F, MAinS rAnGE, LoVolt LiMit, HiVolt LiMit, diP LiMit, SWELL LiMit, PEAK LiMit, trAnS LiMit
Here: The 6 V, 60 V or 600 V range (default) can be selected as the voltage measuring range.
Selective memory mode operation
Power disturbance analysis
Line voltage frequency Selection of the measuring signal line frequency is required for the calculation of the TRMS half-wave value: 50 or 60 Hz. It determines whether a TRMS value is generated every 8.33 ms, or every 10 ms.
Siemens
Peak value
Peak limit value
Power factor
Low-resistance measurement
Sampling rate
Unit of measure for electrical conductivity in the SI units system.
Reciprocal value of electrical resistance: S = 1/Ohm = A/V, nS = nanoSiemens
If the momentary voltage value exceeds the value specified here (regardless of polarity), an exceeded limit value is recorded (
±PEAK LiMit).
See PEAK
Conductivity measurement
Power disturbance analysis
Value:
Sign:
Relationship of active power value P to apparent power S
±1: no phase shifting; –(0 ... 0.99): capacitive; +(0 ... 0.99): inductive
The resistance of a protective conductor connection limits, for example, the length of an extension cable or a cable reel, or may not exceed a specified limit value. The same applies to resistance between housing and mains plug or device plug. The limit value can be set within a range of 1 to
60 ohms.
Power measurement
Resistance measurement
The sampling rate specifies the time interval after which the respective measured value is transmitted to the interface, or to measured value memory.
Memory mode operation
Interface operation
Switch
Position /
Menu
All
StorE menu
> triG
PQ
SEt menu >
MainS
Ohm
PQ
SEt menu >
MainS
W
Ohm
All
StorE menu
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 93
Glossary
Abbreviation
(Sub) Menu
Parameter
StorE
SWELL
SWELL LiMit t
E
/t
P
THD trAnS trAnS LiMit t.StorE
U.rAnGE
Meaning General Description
Description Specifically for this Instrument
Main memory for memory mode operation
Parameters: HYSt, rAtE, Sto-ou, Sto-in, L_triG, H_triG, t.StorE
Overvoltage
Power and energy measurement in memory mode:
Scope of stored values for power and energy measurements:
Mains disturbance recording in memory mode:
If the TRMS half-wave value exceeds the specified limit, a brief overvoltage (swell) is detected.
Parameter: SWELL LiMit
Overvoltage limit value See SWELL
Duty cycle The ratio of pulse duration to pulse period is measured with periodic square-wave signals and is displayed as a percentage.
Duty cycle (%) =
Pulse duration (t
E
)
Pulse period (t
P
)
• 100
Application
Chapter / Page
Memory mode operation
Power disturbance analysis
Duty cycle measurement
Switch
Position /
Menu
All
StorE menu
PQ
SEt menu >
MainS
%
Total harmonic distortion
Transients
Transients limit value A level can be set here as of which a voltage transient is recorded. This is a polarity independent entry relative to the momentary value. The smallest value is 200 V. Regardless of the selected
Recording time
Voltage range of the harmonics
As a standard feature during harmonic analysis, THD is displayed in accordance with the equation: “THD = total TRMS value of harmonics ÷ TRMS value of the fundamental frequency”.
As opposed to this, harmonic distortion of the individual harmonics appears in the displays for the individual harmonics.
“Distortion component = TRMS value of the harmonic ÷ TRMS value of the fundamental frequency.
Harmonic analysis (voltage)
Harmonic analysis
(current)
Steep sloped voltage peaks; parameter: trAnS LiMit measuring range, acquisition always takes place within a range of 200 … 1000 V.
Limiting of recording duration (hh:min:ss) to a maximum of 99 hours, 59 minutes and 59 seconds, or unlimited recording time: parameter = on.
See HArM
Voltage range of the harmonics (here: auto, 600 mV, 6 V, 60 V, 600 V)
Note: Clamp factor is not taken into consideration!
Power disturbance analysis
Memory mode operation
Harmonic analysis
, A
PQ
SEt menu >
MainS
All
StorE menu
SEt menu >
HArM
94 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Index
12 Index
0.diSP
................................................................... 65
A
Active Power
......................................................... 47
Addr
...................................................................... 76
APoFF
................................................................... 64
Apparent Power
................................................... 47
Automatic Shutdown
Disabling
..................................................... 15
Specifying a Time
....................................... 15
AUTO-Range Function
......................................... 16
B
Batteries
Charge Level Display
.................................. 11
Charge Level Query
.............................. 63, 85
Periods of Non-Use
..................................... 85
Replacement
............................................... 86
bEEP
..................................................................... 66
C
Cable Length
........................................................ 45
Cable Length Measurement
................................ 46
Cable Resistance
................................................. 44
CAP
....................................................................... 66
Capacitance Measurement
.................................. 45
Clear
Memory
....................................................... 23
CLiP
...................................................................... 66
Conductivity
.......................................................... 39
Continuity Test
..................................................... 41
Crest Factor Display
Current
.........................................................53
Voltage
.........................................................27
Current Clamp Sensor
.................................... 56, 57
Current Measurement
Notes
...........................................................52
Scope of Functions
.....................................52
D dAtE
................................................................. 63, 64
dbrEF
.....................................................................66
Default Settings
....................................................74
dEMAnd tiME
........................................................68
Device Returns
.....................................................87
Diode Test
............................................................. 42
Display Illumination
..............................................14
Duty Cycle Measurement
.....................................38
E
Error Messages
....................................................85
EVEntS
............................................................. 28, 65
F
Firmware Version
..................................................63
Fuse
Replacement
...............................................86
G
Glossary
................................................................ 91
H
HArM
.....................................................................71
Harmonic Analysis
................................................54
HYSt
......................................................................73
I
Interfaces
Accessories
................................................. 90
States
.......................................................... 11
irStb
...................................................................... 76
L
Level Measurement (dB)
...................................... 32
Low-Pass Filter
.................................................... 30
Low-Resistance Measurement
............................ 39
M
MAinS
................................................................... 69
Mains Disturbance Recording
............................. 33
Mains Monitoring
................................................. 33
Maintenance
Housing
....................................................... 87
Manufacturer’s Guarantee
.................................. 88
Measured Value Storage
DATA Function
............................................ 20
Min-Max Values
.......................................... 21
Measurement Cables
........................................... 89
Measuring Category
Significance
.................................................. 7
Measuring Range Selection
Automatic
.................................................... 16
Manual
........................................................ 16
Memory
Ending Recording
....................................... 23
Querying Occupancy
.................................. 23
Start Recording
........................................... 22
Minimum Breaking Capacity
............................... 52
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 95
Index
O
OCCUP
.................................................................. 63
Overview
Keys and Connections
................................ 10
Parameters
................................................. 62
Overvoltage
.......................................................... 34
P
Peak Value Monitoring
......................................... 17
Potentially Explosive Atmospheres
Power Factor
........................................................ 47
Power Pack
Accessories
................................................. 89
Connector Socket Location
Initial Start-Up
............................................. 14
Product Support
..................................................... 3
Product Support Hotline
........................................ 3
Q
Quick Measurements (MAN or DATA function)
R r_SL
...................................................................... 66
Rapid Momentary Value Acquisition for U DC and I
DC
......................................................................... 24
rAtE
....................................................................... 72
Reactive Power
.................................................... 47
Recalibration
........................................................ 87
Recalibration Service
............................................. 4
Relative Measurements
....................................... 18
Remote
................................................................. 43
Repair and Replacement Parts Service
Reset
.................................................................... 74
Resistance
............................................................ 39
S
Safety Precautions
................................................. 7
Sampling Rate (rAtE parameter)
Scaling Factor
....................................................... 46
Scope of Delivery
.................................................... 2
Setting the Reference Value
................................ 19
Shutdown
Automatic (APoFF parameter)
Automatic (function)
.................................... 15
Software Enabling
.................................................. 3
Storage Rate (rAtE parameter)
............................. 72
StorE
..................................................................... 68
Switching the Instrument On
Manual
......................................................... 14
Via PC
.......................................................... 14
Symbols
Digital Display
............................................. 11
Instrument
................................................... 13
Rotary Switch Positions
.............................. 12
T tEMP intErn
........................................................... 63
tEMP intErn/ExtErn
............................................... 67
tEMP unit
.............................................................. 66
Temperature Measurement
With Resistance Thermometers
With Thermocouples
................................... 43
tiME
................................................................. 63, 64
Total Harmonic Distortion THD
............................ 54
Transients
............................................................. 34
Transmission Rate (rAtE parameter)
triG
........................................................................ 73
tStorE
.................................................................... 74
96
U
Use for Intended Purpose
.......................................9
V vErSion
..................................................................63
Voltage Comparator
..............................................31
Voltage Drop
.........................................................34
Voltage Measurement
Notes
............................................................25
Scope of Functions
......................................25
Voltage Peaks
.......................................................34
Voltage Transients
................................................70
W
WEEE Mark
...........................................................13
Z
ZERO
.....................................................................18
Zero Offset
............................................................18
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Index
97
Edited in Germany · Subject to change without notice · PDF version available on the Internet
GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH
Südwestpark 15
90449 Nürnberg, Germany
Phone: +49 911 8602-111
Fax: +49 911 8602-777 e-mail: [email protected]
www.gossenmetrawatt.com

Public link updated
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Key features
- TRMS measurement
- Power and energy measurement
- Harmonic analysis
- Data logging function
- Continuous transmission mode
- Auto-ranging
- Manual range selection
- Voltage and current measurement
- Resistance, capacitance, and frequency measurement
- Temperature measurement with thermocouples and resistance sensors